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_____________________________________ 

(Mark One)

☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

_____________________________________ 

____________________ 

  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

x

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ☐   No  ☑

There were 126,159,503 Class A shares, and 729,399,444 Class B shares, with a par value of $0.01 per share, outstanding at April 17, 2024.

This report, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission contain and in the future may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements other than those of current or historical fact, and all statements accompanied by terms such as “will,” “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “estimate,” “assume,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “target,” “plan,” and similar terms, are intended to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made subject to the safe harbor provisions of the federal securities laws pursuant to Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

From time to time, we also include written or oral forward-looking statements in other publicly disclosed materials. Such statements may relate to our intent, belief, forecasts of, or current expectations about our strategic direction, prospects, future results, or future events; they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made. However, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as of the date when made and the future, by its very nature, cannot be predicted with certainty.

Forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or anticipated results. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: changes in general economic conditions in the United States ("U.S.") or internationally; significant competition on a local, regional, national and international basis; changes in our relationships with our significant customers; our ability to attract and retain qualified employees; strikes, work stoppages or slowdowns by our employees; increased or more complex physical or operational security requirements; a significant cybersecurity incident, or increased data protection regulations; our ability to maintain our brand image and corporate reputation; impacts from global climate change; interruptions in or impacts on our business from natural or man-made events or disasters including terrorist attacks, epidemics or pandemics; exposure to changing economic, political, regulatory and social developments in international and emerging markets; our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures or strategic alliances; the effects of changing prices of energy, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and other fuels, and interruptions in supplies of these commodities; changes in exchange rates or interest rates; our ability to accurately forecast our future capital investment needs; increases in our expenses or funding obligations relating to employee health, retiree health and/or pension benefits; our ability to manage insurance and claims expenses; changes in business strategy, government regulations or economic or market conditions that may result in impairments of our assets; potential additional U.S. or international tax liabilities; increasingly stringent regulations related to climate change; potential claims or litigation related to labor and employment, personal injury, property damage, business practices, environmental liability and other matters; and other risks discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and subsequently filed reports. You should consider the limitations on, and risks associated with, forward-looking statements and not unduly rely on the accuracy of predictions contained in such forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances, changes in expectations, or the occurrence of unanticipated events after the date of those statements, except as required by law.

From time to time, we expect to participate in analyst and investor conferences. Materials provided or displayed at those conferences, such as slides and presentations, may be posted on our investor relations website at www.investors.ups.com under the heading "Presentations" when made available. These presentations may contain new material nonpublic information about our company and you are encouraged to monitor this site for any new posts, as we may use this mechanism as a public announcement.

Item 1. Financial Statements

 

									Three Months Ended  March 31,
															2024						2023
Revenue															$	21,706					$	22,925
Operating Expenses:
Compensation and benefits															11,639						11,464
Repairs and maintenance															718						725
Depreciation and amortization															898						834
Purchased transportation															3,246						3,541
Fuel															1,060						1,271
Other occupancy															564						551
Other expenses															1,968						1,998
Total Operating Expenses															20,093						20,384
Operating Profit															1,613						2,541
Other Income (Expense):
Investment income and other															118						169
Interest expense															(195)						(188)
Total Other Income (Expense)															(77)						(19)
Income Before Income Taxes															1,536						2,522
Income Tax Expense															423						627
Net Income															$	1,113					$	1,895
Basic Earnings Per Share															$	1.30					$	2.20
Diluted Earnings Per Share															$	1.30					$	2.19

 

			Three Months Ended  March 31,
			2024						2023
Net Income			$	1,113					$	1,895
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax			(125)						118
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax			(1)						7
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of tax			73						(77)
Change in unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax			30						20
Comprehensive Income			$	1,090					$	1,963

                

                

The accompanying unaudited, consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. These unaudited, consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly our financial position as of March 31, 2024 and our results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The results reported in these unaudited, consolidated financial statements should not be regarded as indicative of results that may be expected for any other period or the entire year. The unaudited, consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited, consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, finance receivables and accounts payable approximated fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The fair values of our marketable securities are disclosed in note 5, our recognized multiemployer pension withdrawal liabilities in note 7, our short- and long-term debt in note 9 and our derivative instruments in note 15. We apply a fair value hierarchy (Levels 1, 2 and 3) when measuring and reporting items at fair value. Fair values are based on listed market prices (Level 1), when such prices are available. To the extent that listed market prices are not available, fair value is determined based on other relevant factors, including dealer price quotations (Level 2). If listed market prices or other relevant factors are not available, inputs are developed from unobservable data reflecting our own assumptions and include situations where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability (Level 3).

The preparation of the accompanying unaudited, consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingencies at the date of these financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

Although our estimates contemplate current and expected future conditions, as applicable, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could differ from our expectations, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial position. As a result, our accounting estimates and assumptions may change significantly over time.

As part of our working capital management, certain financial institutions offer a Supply Chain Finance ("SCF") program to certain of our suppliers. We agree to commercial terms with our suppliers, including prices, quantities and payment terms, regardless of whether the supplier elects to participate in the SCF program. Suppliers issue invoices to us based on the agreed-upon contractual terms. If they participate in the SCF program, our suppliers, at their sole discretion, determine which invoices, if any, to sell to the financial institutions. Our suppliers’ voluntary inclusion of invoices in the SCF program has no bearing on our payment terms. No guarantees are provided by us under the SCF program. We have no economic interest in a supplier’s decision to participate, and we have no direct financial relationship with the financial institutions, as it relates to the SCF program.

Amounts due to our suppliers that participate in the SCF program are included in Accounts payable in our consolidated balance sheets. We have been informed by the participating financial institutions that as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, suppliers sold them $406 and $504 million, respectively, of our outstanding payment obligations.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $93 and $37 million, respectively of restricted cash. As of March 31, 2024, this restricted cash is included in Other Non-Current Assets in our consolidated balance sheet and is included in Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in our statement of consolidated cash flows. The restricted cash primarily relates to cash we have agreed to deposit in connection with a challenge by Italian tax authorities to the deductibility of Value Added Tax payments by UPS to certain third-party service providers, a review of which was launched in the fourth quarter of 2023. We are cooperating in this matter and believe that we have a number of meritorious defenses.

Accounting pronouncements adopted during the periods covered by the unaudited, consolidated financial statements did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or internal controls.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") on segment reporting, which will require new disclosures, including significant segment expenses and additional qualitative information about how segment measures are used by management. The standard becomes effective for us beginning with our 2024 annual reporting and for both annual and interim periods thereafter. We are evaluating the impact of this ASU on our disclosures. We will be required to define significant segment expense categories and we anticipate providing additional qualitative information in accordance with this ASU. We do not expect this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In December 2023, the FASB issued an ASU to enhance tax-related disclosures. This update will require more standardized categories for tax rate reconciliation and additional detail for significant tax items. It will also require a breakdown of income taxes paid by jurisdiction exceeding 5% of total taxes and remove certain disclosure requirements for unremitted foreign earnings and uncertain tax positions. The standard becomes effective for us in the first quarter of 2025. We are evaluating its impact on our financial statements, disclosures and internal controls but do not expect this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or internal controls.

Other accounting pronouncements issued before, but not effective until after, March 31, 2024, are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or internal controls.

Substantially all of our revenues are from contracts associated with the pickup, transportation and delivery of packages and freight ("transportation services"). These services may be carried out by or arranged by us and generally occur over a short period of time. Additionally, we provide value-added logistics services to customers through our global network of distribution centers and field stocking locations.

The vast majority of our contracts with customers are for transportation services that include only one performance obligation; the transportation services themselves. We generally recognize revenue over time, based on the extent of progress towards completion of the services in the contract. All of our major businesses act as a principal in their revenue arrangements and as such, we report revenue and the associated purchased transportation costs on a gross basis within our statements of consolidated income.

Contract assets include billed and unbilled amounts resulting from in-transit shipments, as we have an unconditional right to payment only when services have been completed (i.e. shipments have been delivered). Amounts do not exceed their net realizable value. Contract assets are generally classified as current and the full balance is converted each quarter based on the short-term nature of the transactions.

Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue as well as deferred revenue. Advance payments and billings in excess of revenue represent payments received from our customers that will be earned over the contract term. Deferred revenue represents the amount due from customers related to in-transit shipments that has not yet been recognized as revenue based on our selected measure of progress. We classify advance payments and billings in excess of revenue as either current or long-term, depending on the period over which the amount will be earned. We classify deferred revenue as current based on the short-term nature of the transactions. Our contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. In order to determine revenue recognized in the period from contract liabilities, we first allocate revenue to the individual contract liability balance outstanding at the beginning of the period until the revenue exceeds that deferred revenue balance.

Contract assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows (in millions):

Accounts receivable, net, include amounts billed and currently due from customers. The amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value. Losses on accounts receivable are recognized when reasonable and supportable forecasts affect the expected collectability. This requires us to make our best estimate of the current expected losses inherent in our accounts receivable at each balance sheet date. This estimate requires consideration of historical loss experience, adjusted for current conditions, forward looking indicators, trends in customer payment frequency and judgments about the probable effects of relevant observable data, including present and future economic conditions and the financial health of specific customers and market sectors. Our risk management process includes standards and policies for reviewing major account exposures and concentrations of risk.

Our allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $144 and $126 million, respectively. Amounts for credit losses charged to expense, before recoveries, during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $73 and $43 million, respectively.

We issue share-based awards under various incentive compensation plans, including non-qualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and stock units ("RSUs") and restricted performance shares and performance units ("RPUs", collectively with RSUs, "Restricted Units"). Upon vesting, Restricted Units result in the issuance of the equivalent number of UPS class A common shares after required tax withholdings. Dividends earned on Restricted Units are reinvested in additional Restricted Units at each dividend payable date until conversion to class A shares occurs.

Our primary equity compensation programs are the UPS Long-Term Incentive Performance Award program (the "LTIP") and the UPS Stock Option program. We also grant Restricted Units to our Board of Directors (the "Board") as a component of their annual compensation and, from time to time, to individual employees as a retention mechanism. We also maintain an employee stock purchase plan which allows eligible employees to purchase shares of UPS class A common stock at a discount.

Pre-tax compensation expense for stock compensation awards recognized in Compensation and benefits in the statements of consolidated income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $(27) and $126 million, respectively.

The UPS Management Incentive Program (the "MIP") is an incentive-based compensation program, with awards based on annual Company performance. MIP awards are paid in cash, unless a participant elects to receive all or a portion of the award in unrestricted shares of class A common stock. As of March 31, 2024, the MIP was classified as a compensation obligation within Accrued wages and withholdings in our consolidated balance sheet.

RPUs issued under the LTIP vest at the end of a three-year performance period, subject to continued employment with the Company (except in the case of death, disability or retirement, in which case immediate vesting occurs on a prorated basis). The actual number of RPUs earned is based on achievement of the performance targets established on the grant date.

The performance targets are equally weighted between adjusted earnings per share and cumulative free cash flow. The final number of RPUs earned will then be subject to adjustment based on total shareholder return relative to the Standard & Poor's 500 Index. We determine the grant date fair value of the RPUs using a Monte Carlo model and recognize compensation expense (less estimated forfeitures) ratably over the vesting period, based on the number of awards expected to be earned.

Based on the date of the Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board's approval of the 2024 LTIP award performance targets, we determined March 20, 2024 to be the award measurement date and each target RPU awarded was valued at $158.16.

The weighted-average assumptions used and the weighted-average fair values of the LTIP awards granted in 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

			2024						2023
Risk-free interest rate			4.45		%				3.81		%
Expected volatility			27.00		%				30.30		%
Weighted-average fair value of units granted			$	158.16					$	200.01
Share payout			102.20		%				107.80		%

There is no expected dividend yield as units earn dividend equivalents.

We grant non-qualified stock options to a limited group of eligible senior management employees under the UPS Stock Option program. Stock option awards vest over a five-year period with approximately 20% of the award vesting at each anniversary of the grant date (except in the case of death, disability or retirement, in which case immediate vesting occurs). The option grants expire 10 years after the date of the grant. On March 20, 2024, we granted 0.2 million stock options at an exercise price of $154.76, the New York Stock Exchange closing price on that date.

The fair value of each option granted is estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted-average assumptions used and the weighted-average fair values of options granted in 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

The following is a summary of marketable securities classified as trading and available for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in millions):

			Cost						Unrealized Gains						Unrealized Losses						Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2024:
Current trading marketable securities:
Equity securities			$	3					$	—					$	—					$	3
Total trading marketable securities			3						—						—						3
Current available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency debt securities			200						—						(2)						198
Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities			—						—						—						—
Corporate debt securities			32						—						(1)						31
Non-U.S. government debt securities			—						—						—						—
Total available-for-sale marketable securities			232						—						(3)						229
Total current marketable securities			$	235					$	—					$	(3)					$	232
			Cost						Unrealized Gains						Unrealized Losses						Estimated Fair Value
December 31, 2023:
Current trading marketable securities:
Equity securities			$	4					$	—					$	—					$	4
Total trading marketable securities			4						—						—						4
Current available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency debt securities			963						2						(4)						961
Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities			3						—						—						3
Corporate debt securities			1,891						4						(4)						1,891
Non-U.S. government debt securities			7						—						—						7
Total available-for-sale marketable securities			2,864						6						(8)						2,862
Total current marketable securities			$	2,868					$	6					$	(8)					$	2,866

We have concluded that no material impairment losses existed within marketable securities as of March 31, 2024. In making this determination, we considered the financial condition and prospects of each issuer, the magnitude of the losses compared with the cost, the probability that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security, the credit rating of the security and our ability and intent to hold these investments until the anticipated recovery in market value occurs.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of marketable securities as of March 31, 2024 by contractual maturity are shown below (in millions). Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

			Cost						Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less			$	70					$	69
Due after one year through three years			162						160
Due after three years through five years			—						—
Due after five years			—						—
			232						229
Equity securities			3						3
			$	235					$	232

We hold non-current investments that are reported within Other Non-Current Assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Cash paid for these investments is included in Other investing activities in our statements of consolidated cash flows.

•Equity method investments: As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, equity securities accounted for under the equity method had a carrying value of $293 and $295 million, respectively.

•Other equity securities: Certain equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are reported in accordance with the measurement alternative in ASC Topic 321 Investments - Equity Securities. Equity securities accounted for under the measurement alternative had a carrying value of $47 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

•Other investments: We hold an investment in a variable life insurance policy to fund benefits for the UPS Excess Coordinating Benefit Plan. The investment had a fair market value of $19 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Marketable securities valued utilizing Level 1 inputs include active exchange-traded equity securities and equity index funds, and most U.S. government debt securities, as these securities all have quoted prices in active markets. Marketable securities valued utilizing Level 2 inputs include asset-backed securities, corporate bonds and municipal bonds. These securities are valued using market corroborated pricing, matrix pricing or other models that utilize observable inputs such as yield curves.

The following table presents information about our investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value (in millions):

			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)						Total
March 31, 2024:
Marketable Securities:
U.S. government and agency debt securities			$	198					$	—					$	—					$	198
Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities			—						—						—						—
Corporate debt securities			—						31						—						31
Equity securities			—						3						—						3
Non-U.S. government debt securities			—						—						—						—
Total marketable securities			198						34						—						232
Other non-current investments(1)			—						19						—						19
Total			$	198					$	53					$	—					$	251

(1)    Represents a variable life insurance policy funding benefits for the UPS Excess Coordinating Benefit Plan.

(1)    Represents a variable life insurance policy funding benefits for the UPS Excess Coordinating Benefit Plan.

There were no transfers of investments into or out of Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Property, plant and equipment as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in millions):

			2024						2023
Vehicles			$	11,970					$	11,768
Aircraft			23,117						22,888
Land			2,129						2,138
Buildings			6,282						6,255
Building and leasehold improvements			5,295						5,241
Plant equipment			18,109						17,322
Technology equipment			2,677						2,656
Construction-in-progress			2,634						3,247
			72,213						71,515
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization			(35,045)						(34,570)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net			$	37,168					$	36,945

Property, plant and equipment purchased on account was $204 and $309 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. 

There were no material impairment charges for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Information about the net periodic benefit cost for our company-sponsored pension and postretirement benefit plans for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (in millions):

			U.S. Pension Benefits												U.S. Postretirement Medical Benefits												International Pension Benefits
			2024						2023						2024						2023						2024						2023
Three Months Ended March 31:
Service cost			$	310					$	293					$	5					$	5					$	11					$	11
Interest cost			644						627						27						29						17						17
Expected return on assets			(771)						(742)						(1)						(3)						(21)						(21)
Amortization of prior service cost			38						27						—						—						—						—
Net periodic benefit cost			$	221					$	205					$	31					$	31					$	7					$	7

The components of net periodic benefit cost other than current service cost are presented within Investment income and other in the statements of consolidated income.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we contributed $19 million and $31 million to our company-sponsored pension and U.S. postretirement medical benefit plans, respectively. We expect to contribute approximately $87 million over the remainder of the year to our U.S. postretirement medical benefit plans.

We contribute to a number of multiemployer defined benefit and health and welfare plans under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees. Our current collective bargaining agreements set forth the annual contribution increases allotted to the plans that we participate in, and we are in compliance with these contribution rates. These limitations on annual contribution rates will remain in effect throughout the terms of the existing collective bargaining agreements.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $811 and $813 million, respectively, recorded in Other Non-Current Liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and $9 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 recorded in Other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets associated with our previous withdrawal from the New England Teamsters and Trucking Industry Pension Fund. This liability is payable in equal monthly installments over a remaining term of approximately 39 years. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for long-term financing of a similar maturity, the fair value of this withdrawal liability as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $685 and $710 million, respectively. We utilized Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of valuation techniques to determine the fair value of this liability.

UPS was a contributing employer to the Central States Pension Fund (“CSPF”) until 2007, at which time UPS withdrew from the CSPF. Under a collective bargaining agreement with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (“IBT”), UPS agreed to provide coordinating benefits in the UPS/IBT Full Time Employee Pension Plan (“UPS/IBT Plan”) for UPS participants whose last employer was UPS and who had not retired as of January 1, 2008 (“the UPS Transfer Group”) in the event that benefits are reduced by the CSPF consistent with the terms of our withdrawal agreement with the CSPF. Under this agreement, benefits to the UPS Transfer Group cannot be reduced without our consent and can only be reduced in accordance with law.

Subsequent to our withdrawal, the CSPF incurred extensive asset losses and indicated that it was projected to become insolvent. In such event, the CSPF benefits would be reduced to the legally permitted Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ("PBGC") limits, triggering the coordinating benefits provision in the collective bargaining agreement.

In 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act ("ARPA") was enacted into law. The ARPA contains provisions that allow for qualifying multiemployer pension plans to apply for special financial assistance ("SFA") from the PBGC, which will be funded by the U.S. government. Following SFA approval, a qualifying multiemployer pension plan will receive a lump sum payment to enable it to continue paying unreduced pension benefits through 2051. The multiemployer plan is not obligated to repay the SFA. The ARPA is intended to prevent both the PBGC and certain financially distressed multiemployer pension plans, including the CSPF, from becoming insolvent through 2051. The CSPF submitted an application for SFA that was approved in December 2022. In January 2023, $35.8 billion was paid to the CSPF by the PBGC.

We account for the potential obligation to pay coordinating benefits under ASC Topic 715, which requires us to provide a best estimate of various actuarial assumptions in measuring our pension benefit obligation at the December 31 measurement date. As of December 31, 2023, our best estimate of coordinating benefits that may be required to be paid by the UPS/IBT Plan after SFA funds have been exhausted was immaterial.

The value of our estimate for future coordinating benefits will continue to be influenced by a number of factors, including interpretations of the ARPA, future legislative actions, actuarial assumptions and the ability of the CSPF to sustain its long-term commitments. Actual events may result in a change in our best estimate of the projected benefit obligation. We will continue to assess the impact of these uncertainties in accordance with ASC Topic 715.

We have approximately 310,000 employees in the U.S. employed under a national master agreement and various supplemental agreements with local unions affiliated with the Teamsters. These agreements are scheduled to expire on July 31, 2028.

We have approximately 10,000 employees in Canada employed under a collective bargaining agreement with the Teamsters which runs through July 31, 2025.

We have approximately 3,300 pilots who are employed under a collective bargaining agreement with the Independent Pilots Association. This collective bargaining agreement becomes amendable September 1, 2025.

We have approximately 1,900 airline mechanics who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with Teamsters Local 2727 which becomes amendable November 1, 2026. In addition, approximately 3,000 of our auto and maintenance mechanics who are not employed under agreements with the Teamsters are employed under collective bargaining agreements with the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers. These collective bargaining agreements run through July 31, 2024.

The following table indicates the allocation of goodwill as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in millions):

Changes in goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2024 resulted from:

•An increase in goodwill of $8 million, as part of purchase accounting allocations relating to our acquisitions of MNX Global Logistics and Happy Returns in the fourth quarter of 2023. Certain areas of purchase accounting, including our estimates of tax positions, remain preliminary as of March 31, 2024.

•The remaining movements are due to the impact of changes in the value of the U.S. Dollar on the translation of non-U.S. Dollar goodwill balances.

As of March 31, 2024, none of our reporting units had indications that an impairment was more likely than not. Approximately $1.5 billion of our consolidated goodwill balance of $4.8 billion is represented by our Global Freight Forwarding, our truckload brokerage ("Coyote") and Roadie reporting units which, based on our quarterly monitoring, are exhibiting a limited excess of fair value above carrying value and reflect a greater risk of an impairment occurring in future periods. We do not expect any impairment would have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The following is a summary of intangible assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in millions):

A trade name and licenses with carrying values of $89 and $4 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2024 are deemed to be indefinite-lived intangible assets, and therefore are not amortized.

As of March 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the indefinite-lived trade name associated with Coyote remained greater than its carrying value by less than 10 percent. The carrying value of this trade name is $89 million. Our truckload brokerage business continues to be negatively impacted by market conditions, which has resulted in revenue declines. We continue to monitor business performance and external factors affecting our valuation assumptions for this trade name. There were no events or changes in circumstances as of March 31, 2024 that would indicate the carrying amounts of our indefinite-lived intangible assets may be impaired as of the date of this report.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded impairment charges related to finite-lived intangible assets of $48 million ($35 million after tax, or $0.04 per diluted share) within Other Expenses in our statement of consolidated income. These charges represented capitalized software license impairments of $7 million and a $41 million charge to write down the value of certain trade names acquired as part of our acquisition of Bomi Group as we consolidate our brands. There were no impairment charges for finite-lived intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The carrying value of our outstanding debt obligations as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in millions):

			Principal Amount												Carrying Value
									Maturity						2024						2023
Commercial paper			$	—											$	—					$	2,172
Fixed-rate senior notes:
2.800% senior notes			500						2024						500						499
2.200% senior notes			400						2024						400						400
3.900% senior notes			1,000						2025						999						999
2.400% senior notes			500						2026						499						499
3.050% senior notes			1,000						2027						996						996
3.400% senior notes			750						2029						747						747
2.500% senior notes			400						2029						398						398
4.450% senior notes			750						2030						745						745
4.875% senior notes			900						2033						895						894
6.200% senior notes			1,500						2038						1,485						1,485
5.200% senior notes			500						2040						494						494
4.875% senior notes			500						2040						491						491
3.625% senior notes			375						2042						369						369
3.400% senior notes			500						2046						492						492
3.750% senior notes			1,150						2047						1,138						1,138
4.250% senior notes			750						2049						743						743
3.400% senior notes			700						2049						689						689
5.300% senior notes			1,250						2050						1,232						1,232
5.050% senior notes			1,100						2053						1,083						1,083
Floating-rate senior notes:
Floating-rate senior notes			1,562						2049-2073						1,544						1,545
Debentures:
7.620% debentures			276						2030						280						280
Pound Sterling notes:
5.500% notes			84						2031						83						84
5.125% notes			574						2050						546						550
Euro senior notes:
1.625% senior notes			755						2025						754						774
1.000% senior notes			539						2028						537						551
1.500% senior notes			539						2032						537						551
Canadian senior notes:
2.125% senior notes			554						2024						554						566
Finance lease obligations (see note 10)			460						2024-2046						460						472
Facility notes and bonds			320						2029-2045						320						320
Other debt			3						2024-2025						3						6
Total debt			$	20,191											20,013						22,264
Less: current maturities															(1,164)						(3,348)
Long-term debt															$	18,849					$	18,916