Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements of

DEFSEC TECHNOLOGIES INC.

(Formerly KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.)

Three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in Canadian dollars)

DEFSEC TECHNOLOGIES INC.
(formerly KWESST Micro Systems Inc.)
Table of contents for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

DEFSEC TECHNOLOGIES INC.
(Formerly KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.)
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Financial Position
At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024

See Note 2(a) Going concern and Note 19 Commitments and contingencies.

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

DEFSEC TECHNOLOGIES INC.
(Formerly KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.)
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss
Three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

DEFSEC TECHNOLOGIES INC.
(Formerly KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.)
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity 
Nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
(1) See Note 1 (b) and (c)

DEFSEC TECHNOLOGIES INC.
(Formerly KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.)
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows
Nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

See Note 18 Supplemental cash flow information.
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

1. Corporate information

a) Corporate information

DEFSEC Technologies Inc. (Formerly KWESST Micro Systems Inc.) (the "Company", "DEFSEC", "we", "our", and "us") was incorporated on November 28, 2017, under the laws of the Province of British Columbia. Our registered office is located at 550 Burrard Street, Suite 2900, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and our corporate office is located at Unit 300, 80 Hines Rd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. We have representative offices in the following foreign locations: Washington DC (United States), London (United Kingdom), and Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates).

On June 30, 2025, the Company announced that it changed its name to “DEFSEC Technologies Inc.”

We develop and commercialize next-generation technology solutions that deliver a tactical advantage for military, public safety agencies and personal defense markets. Our core mission is to protect and save lives.

DEFSEC's common stock is listed on the TSX-Venture Exchange ("TSX-V'') under the stock symbol of DFSC, on the Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq") under the stock symbol of DFSC and on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the stock symbol of 62U2. Additionally, warrants issued in the United States are also listed on the Nasdaq under the stock symbol of DFSCW. Effective May 1, 2023, the warrants issued in Canada are listed on the TSX-V under the stock symbol of DFSC.WT.U.

b) 2024  Reverse Stock Split (applied retrospectively)

On October 23, 2024, DEFSEC effected a ten for one (10-for-1) reverse stock split of its common stock (the "2024 Reverse Split"). Accordingly, all shareholders of record at the opening of business on October 23, 2024, received one issued and outstanding common share of DEFSEC in exchange for ten outstanding common shares of DEFSEC. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the 2024 Reverse Split. All fractional shares created by the 2024 Reverse Split were rounded to the nearest whole number of common shares, with any fractional interest representing 0.5 or more common shares entitling holders thereof to receive one whole common share.

Effective on the date of the 2024 Reverse Split, the exercise price and number of common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options were proportionately adjusted to reflect the 2024 Reverse Split. All information respecting outstanding common shares and other securities of DEFSEC, including net loss per share, in the current and comparative periods presented herein give effect to the 2024 Reverse Split.

c) 2025 Reverse Stock Split (applied retrospectively)

On April 23, 2025, on Nasdaq and on April 24, 2025, on the TSX-V, DEFSEC effected a twenty-one for one (21-for-1) reverse stock split of its common stock (the "2025 Reverse Split"). Accordingly, all shareholders of record at the opening of business on April 23, 2025, received one issued and outstanding common share of DEFSEC in exchange for twenty-one outstanding common shares of DEFSEC. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the 2025 Reverse Split. All fractional shares created by the 2025 Reverse Split were rounded to the nearest whole number of common shares, with any fractional interest representing 0.5 or more common shares entitling holders thereof to receive one whole common share.

Effective on the date of the 2025 Reverse Split, the exercise price and number of common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants were proportionately adjusted to reflect the 2025 Reverse Split. All information respecting outstanding common shares and other securities of DEFSEC, including net loss per share, in the current and comparative periods presented herein give effect to the 2025 Reverse Split.

2. Basis of preparation

(a) Going concern

These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern. The going concern basis of presentation assumes we will continue in operation for the foreseeable future and can realize our assets and discharge our liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

As an early-stage company, we have not yet reached significant revenue levels for most of our products and have incurred significant losses and negative operating cash flows from inception that have primarily been funded from financing activities.  We have incurred a $7.2 million net loss and negative operating cash flows of $6.6 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 (2024 - $5.1 million net loss and negative operating cash flows of $6.9 million). At June 30, 2025, we had $2.4 million in working capital (September 30, 2024 - negative $1.1 million) and $49.9 million in accumulated deficit (September 30, 2024 - $42.7 million).

Our ability to continue as a going concern and realize our assets and discharge our liabilities in the normal course of business is dependent upon closing timely additional sales orders, timely commercial launch of new products, and the ability to raise additional debt or equity financing, when required. There are various risks and uncertainties affecting our future financial position and our performance including, but not limited to:

• The market acceptance and rate of sales of our product offerings;
• Ability to successfully execute our business plan;
• Ability to raise additional capital at acceptable terms;
• General local and global economic conditions, including the ongoing conflict in Gaza and the global disruption from Russia's invasion of Ukraine; and
• Instability in Canada's elected leadership and the threatened tariffs from President Donald Trump.

Our strategy to mitigate these material risks and uncertainties is to execute on a timely basis a business plan aimed at continued focus on revenue growth, product development and innovation, improving overall gross margin, managing operating expenses and working capital requirements, and securing additional capital, as needed.

Failure to implement our business plan could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and/or financial performance. There is no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital should it be required in the future. Accordingly, there are material risks and uncertainties that may cast substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements do not include any adjustments to the carrying amounts and classification of assets, liabilities and reported expenses that may otherwise be required if the going concern basis was not appropriate.

(b) Statement of compliance

These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34, Interim Financial Reporting, ("IAS 34") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") and the interpretations of the IFRS Interpretations Committee.  They do not include all the information required for a complete set of financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS® Accounting Standards ("IFRS") and should be read in conjunction with our annual audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended September 30, 2024 ("Annual Financial Statements"). However, selected explanatory notes are included to explain events and transactions that are material to an understanding of the changes in our financial position and performance since the last annual audited Consolidated Financial Statements as at and for the year ended September 30, 2024.

These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on August 12, 2025.

(c) Basis of consolidation

These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements incorporate the financial statements of DEFSEC and the entities it controls.

Control is achieved where we have the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities, are exposed to, or have rights to, variable returns from our involvement with the entity and have the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to us until the date on which control ceases. Profit or loss of subsidiaries acquired during the period are recognized from the date of acquisition or effective date of disposal as applicable. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

At June 30, 2025, we have the following wholly owned subsidiaries:

(d) Functional and presentation currency

These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars ("CAD"), our functional currency and presentation currency.

While each of the Company's subsidiaries has its own functional currency, the functional currency of the parent company, DEFSEC Technologies Inc., is CAD as this is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates. Most of the revenues, cost of sales and operating expenses from significant subsidiaries are denominated in CAD.

(e) Basis of measurement

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments measured at fair value. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for assets.

(f) Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income, expenses, and disclosure of contingent liabilities.  Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognized prospectively.

Judgments

Information about judgments made in applying accounting policies that have the most material effects on the amounts recognized in these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements are the same as disclosed in Note 2(f) of the Annual Financial Statements for the year ended September 30, 2024, with the exception of the following:

• Lease renewal: the Company is required to make a judgement regarding whether or not the renewal option of leases signed will be exercised in the determination of the value of the related right-of-use asset and lease liability.

Estimates

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties at June 30, 2025, that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the next financial year are the same as those disclosed in Note 2(f) of the Annual Financial Statements for the year ended September 30, 2024, with the exception of the following:

• Note 6 - Right-of-use assets: whether the determination of the incremental borrowing rate for the Company's leases is reasonable.

(g) Reclassification

Certain comparative figures on the unaudited condensed interim statements of net loss and comprehensive loss have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on net loss or shareholders’ equity as previously reported. An adjustment has been made to reduce the general and administrative, selling and marketing and research and development to break out the share-based compensation and depreciation and amortization. General and administrative expenses were reduced by $362,269 and $1,054,764 for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Selling and marketing expenses were reduced by nil and $13,655 for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Research and development expenses were reduced by $18,835 and $78,232 for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Share-based compensation expense was increased by $59,131 and $183,602 for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2024. Depreciation and amortization expense was increased by $321,974 and $963,049 for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2024.

3. Material accounting policies

During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, the accounting policies in these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements are the same as those applied in the Annual Financial Statements.

4. Trade and other receivables

The following table presents trade and other receivables:

There was an impairment of trade and other receivables during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, of nil and $8,096, respectively (2024 - nil and nil).

The following table presents changes in unbilled receivables:

5. Inventories

 The following table presents a breakdown of inventories: 

There was no impairment of inventories during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 (2024 – nil and nil).

For the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2025, a total of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively (2024 – $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively) of inventory was included in profit or loss as an expense as part of cost of sales.

6. Right-of-use assets

The following table shows a breakdown of our right-of-use assets:

7. Intangible assets

The following table shows a breakdown of our intangible assets:

At June 30, 2025, management concluded there was no indication of impairment on the intangible assets.

8. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

The following table presents a breakdown of our accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

9. Related party transactions

At June 30, 2025, there was $113,359 (September 30, 2024 - $471,465) outstanding in accounts payable and accrued liabilities due to officers and directors for accrued wages and vacation, consulting fees, directors' fees and expense reimbursements.

In December 2024, the LEC royalty payment that was due April 2025, in the amount of $200,000, was paid early to DEFSEC Corporation, a related party to the Company, in exchange for a $25,000 reduction, resulting in a net payment of $175,000.

10. Lease obligations

During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, we entered into a new lease on June 2, 2025 with an expiry date of May 31, 2031 and an option to renew for an additional five year term. We have applied an estimated incremental borrowing rate of 10.7% in the calculation of the obligation. The Company received a free period from June 2, 2025 to May 31, 2026 as a lease inducement. Management has included the renewal option for the lease signed in Q3 Fiscal 2025 as the Company is expecting to renew at expiry.

During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, the Company transferred an office to another lessor and recorded a disposal of the lease obligation as well as the right-of-use asset.

The following table presents the movement in lease obligations for the respective periods:

The following table presents the contractual undiscounted cash flows for the lease obligations:

11. Contract liabilities

The following table presents the changes in contract liabilities:

12. Warrant liabilities

The following table shows a breakdown and activity for warrant liabilities for the nine months ended June 30, 2025:

The following table shows a breakdown and activity for warrant liabilities for the year ended September 30, 2024:

U.S. Public Offering (April 2024)

On April 9, 2024, we closed an underwritten U.S. public offering for gross proceeds of $1.4 million (US$1 million) (see Note 13(a)). In this offering, 803,500 pre-funded warrants with an exercise price of US$0.21 per common share for US$0.649 per pre-funded warrant were issued.

Refer to Note 13(a) for further information on the offering and to Note 1 (b) and (c) for further information on the share consolidations.

Under IFRS, the above securities are classified as financial liabilities (referred herein as "warrant liabilities") because the exercise price is denominated in U.S. dollars, which is different from our functional currency (Canadian dollars). Accordingly, the ultimate proceeds in Canadian dollars from the potential exercise of the above securities are not known at inception. These financial liabilities are classified and measured at Fair Value through Profit and Loss ("FVTPL") (see Note 3(c) of the Annual Financial Statements). Gains on revaluation of the warrant liabilities are presented in other income (expenses) on the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

Warrant liabilities

All 803,500 warrants were subsequently exercised at a weighted average exercise price of US$0.001 per warrant and we recognized a loss of $104,227 in fair value of warrant liabilities during the year ended September 30, 2024, which was reported in the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

U.S. Registered Direct Offering (August 2024)

On August 13, 2024, we closed a direct offering for the purchase and sale of 22,452 common shares at a purchase price of $56.70 (US$42.00) per common share for gross proceeds of $1.3 million (US$0.9 million) (see Note 13(a)). In a concurrent private placement, we issued 4,715,000 unregistered warrants to purchase common shares at an exercise price of $72.03 (US$52.50) per common share. This was a unit offering consisting of a share and a warrant. The fair value of the warrants attached to the units are valued based on the Black-Scholes model and the difference between the proceeds raised and the value assigned to the warrants is the residual fair value of the shares.

Refer to Note 13(a) for further information on the offering and to Note 1 (b) and (c) for further information on the share consolidations.

Under IFRS, the above securities are classified as financial liabilities (referred herein as "warrant liabilities") because the exercise price is denominated in U.S. dollars, which is different from our functional currency (Canadian dollars). Accordingly, the ultimate proceeds in Canadian dollars from the potential exercise of the above securities are not known at inception. These financial liabilities are classified and measured at FVTPL (see Note 3(c) of the Annual Financial Statements). Gains on revaluation of the warrant liabilities are presented in other income (expenses) on the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

Warrant liabilities

At June 30, 2025, we remeasured the fair value of these warrants using the following assumptions:

(1) Fair value is based on the Black Scholes model on June 30, 2025, for the warrants.

We recognized a loss of $96,490 and a gain of $568,199 (2024 - nil and nil) in fair value of warrant liabilities during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, which was reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

U.S. Public Offering (November 2024)

On November 1, 2024, the Company announced the closing of a public offering of 3,810 common shares and 3,809,000 pre-funded warrants ("PFW") at a public offering price of $26.25 (US$18.90) per common share and $1.25 (US$0.90) per pre-funded warrant. The gross proceeds from the offering were $4.9 million (US$3.5 million). The fair value of the pre-funded warrants on initial recognition was $1.249, which is the purchase price less the per warrant exercise price of $0.001.

Refer to Note 13(a) for further information on the offering and to Note 1 (b) and (c) for further information on the share consolidations.

Under IFRS, the pre-funded warrants are classified as financial liabilities (referred herein as "warrant liabilities") because the exercise price is denominated in U.S. dollars, which is different from our functional currency (Canadian dollars). Accordingly, the ultimate proceeds in Canadian dollars from the potential exercise of the above securities are not known at inception. These financial liabilities are classified and measured at FVTPL. Gains on revaluation of the warrant liabilities are presented in other income (expenses) on the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

Warrant liabilities

639,000 pre-funded warrants were subsequently exercised at a weighted average exercise price of US$0.021 per common share. On November 12, 2024, we converted the remaining 3,170,000 pre-funded warrants to CAD denomination which led to the transfer of pre-funded warrants to equity and extinguishing the related warrant liability. On November 12, 2024, we recognized a gain of $693,328 in the change in fair value of warrant liabilities, before reclassifying the pre-funded warrants to equity, which was reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

13. Share Capital and Contributed Surplus

As disclosed in Note 1(b) and (c), the 2024 Reverse Split and 2025 Reverse Split have been applied retrospectively herein.

a) Share capital

Authorized

DEFSEC is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares.

Issued Common Shares

The following is a summary of changes in outstanding common shares since September 30, 2024:

Debt Settlement (January 2024)

On January 10, 2024, we issued 222 common shares in a settlement of debt in an amount of approximately $97,615. The debt resulted from a tail obligation relating to services rendered by a third-party consultant which the Company has elected to pay in common shares. The common shares issued pursuant to the debt settlement (signed October 31, 2023) were subject to a four-month hold period pursuant to applicable securities legislation and the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange.

U.S. Public Offering (April 2024)

On April 9, 2024, we closed a brokered U.S. public offering, resulting in the issuance of 3,500 common shares of DEFSEC, for aggregate gross proceeds of $1.4M (US$1.0M) (the "April 2024 Public Offering").

As a part of the April 2024 Public Offering, the Company issued 3,500 common shares and 803,500 pre-funded warrants with an exercise price of $0.21 per share at a public offering price of $184.80 (US$136.50) per common share and $0.881 (US$0.649) per pre-funded warrant, less the underwriting discount.

Brokers' Compensation and Share Issuance Costs

ThinkEquity acted as sole book-running manager for the April 2024 Public Offering. As compensation for services rendered, the placement agent fees represent $0.4875 per unit (being an aggregate of $101,838 (US$75,002) or 7.5% of the public offering price of the securities). In addition, the Company issued 76,925 warrants to purchase a number of common shares (the "Placement Agent Warrants"), representing 5% of the common shares and pre-funded warrants sold in the April 2024 Public Offering. The Placement Agent Warrants will be exercisable, in whole or in part, immediately upon issuance and will expire 60 months after the closing of the April 2024 Public Offering at an initial exercise price of $231.63 (US$170.63) per common share. The share issuance costs related to the April 2024 Public Offering that was recognized in the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss was $339,324 and recognized in equity was $269,400.

The fair value of the broker compensation warrants at the closing of the April 2024 Public Offering was $43,868, calculated using the Black Scholes model, and total share issuance costs were $608,724.

U.S. Public Offering (June 2024)

On June 14, 2024, we closed a brokered U.S. public offering, resulting in the issuance of 13,810 common shares of DEFSEC for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $2.3M (US$1.7M) (the "June 2024 Public Offering"). As a part of the June 2024 Public Offering, the Company issued 13,810 common shares at a public offering price of $168.00 (US$121.80) per share, less the placement agent fees.

Brokers' Compensation and Share Issuance Costs

ThinkEquity acted as sole book-running manager for the June 2024 Public Offering. As compensation for services rendered, the placement agent fees represent $0.435 per common share (being an aggregate of $173,469 (US$126,150) or 7.5% of the public offering price of the securities). In addition, the Company issued to the placement agent 145,000 common share purchase warrants with an exercise price of $210.00 (US$152.25) per common share, exercisable, in whole or in part, immediately upon issuance and will expire 60 months after the closing of the June 2024 Public Offering. All of the share issuance costs related to the June 2024 Public Offering were recognized in equity.

The fair value of the broker compensation warrants at the closing of the June 2024 Public Offering was $61,213, calculated using the Black Scholes model, and total share issuance costs were $384,509.

U.S. Registered Direct Offering (August 2024)

On August 13, 2024, we closed a registered direct offering for the purchase and sale of 22,452 common shares at a purchase price of $57.54 (US$44.00) per common share for gross proceeds of $1.4M (US$0.9M) (the "August 2024 Offering"). In a concurrent private placement, the Company issued 4,715,000 unregistered warrants to purchase common shares at an exercise price of $72.03 (US$52.50) per common share that are immediately exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years following the date of issuance.

Brokers' Compensation and Share Issuance Costs

H.C. Wainwright & Co. ("Wainwright") acted as the exclusive placement agent for the August 2024 Offering. As compensation for services rendered, the placement agent fees were US$70,725 or 7.5% of the public offering price of the securities. In connection with the closing of the August 2024 Offering, we issued Wainwright or its designees warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 353,625 common shares at an exercise price of $72.03 (US$52.50) per common share, the warrants are exercisable upon issuance and have an expiry date of August 9, 2029. The shares offered as Brokers' Compensation related to the August 2024 Offering were recognized in equity.

The fair value of the broker compensation warrants at the closing of the August 2024 Offering was $28,632, calculated using the Black Scholes model. The share issuance costs related to the August 2024 Offering that was recognized in the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss was $202,242 and recognized in equity was $281,869.

U.S. Public Offering (November 2024)

On November 1, 2024, the Company announced the closing of a public offering of 3,810 common shares and 3,809,000 pre-funded warrants at a public offering price of $26.25 (US$18.90) per common share and $1.25 (US$0.90) per pre-funded warrant (the "November 2024 Offering"). The gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $4.9 million (US$3.5 million), before deducting placement agent fees of $1.974 (US$1.4175) per common share and $0.094 (US$0.0675) per pre-funded warrant (being an aggregate of $365,726 (US$262,508) or 7.5% of the public offering price of the securities). In addition, the Company issued to the placement agent as compensation for its services 194,450 common share purchase warrants with an exercise price of $32.907 (US$23.625) per common share.

On November 12, 2024, we amended the pre-funded warrants whereas the exercise price of the warrants, along with all the other settlement amounts, were amended to be denominated in CAD currency, which is consistent with the Company's functional and presentation currency. As a result, we reclassified the remaining unexercised pre-funded warrants as equity instruments under IAS 32. This resulted in a transfer of $3,301,925 from warrant liabilities to equity warrants. The amendments effectively remove the cashless exercise option and ensure settlement in CAD, thereby meeting the criteria for equity classification. We also applied IFRIC 19 to appropriately derecognize the liabilities and recognize the equity effective November 12, 2024.

Accounting Treatment

Refer to Note 12 for the accounting of the warrants issued in the November 2024 Offering accounted for as warrant liabilities up to November 11, 2024.

The remaining 3,170,000 pre-funded warrants were subsequently exercised at a weighted average exercise price of $0.021 per common share, for proceeds of $3,170, during the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

Brokers' Compensation and Share Issuance Costs

In connection with the August 2024 Offering, Wainwright was also granted a tail obligation resulting in earning 7.5% on any equity financing raised from investors introduced to the Company as part of the offering. The November 1, 2024, financing fell entirely within the scope of the tail obligation and resulted in a payment of $362,618 (US$260,661), representing 7.5% of the $4.9 million (US$3.5 million) gross proceeds to Wainwright upon closing of the transaction.

ThinkEquity acted as the sole placement agent for the November 2024 Offering. As compensation for services rendered, the placement agent fees were $365,725 (US$262,508) or 7.5% of the public offering price of the securities). In addition, the Company issued to the placement agent as compensation for its services 194,450 common share purchase warrants with an exercise price of $32.907 (US$23.625) per common share. The warrants are exercisable upon issuance and have an expiry date of November 1, 2029. The shares offered as Brokers' Compensation related to the November 2024 Offering were recognized in equity.

The fair value of the broker compensation warrants at the closing of the November 2024 Offering was $187,468, calculated using the Black Scholes model.

The share issuance costs related to the November 2024 Offering that were recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss was $1,807,686 and recognized in equity were $227,557, inclusive of the broker compensation warrants.

Debt Settlement (November 2024)

On November 11, 2024, we issued 5,669 common shares at a deemed price per common share of $17.64 per share, representing a 20% discount on the closing price of the Shares on the TSX Venture Exchange on the last trading day prior to the news release, for settlement of business expenses incurred while representing the Company in an aggregate amount of $100,000 owed to a company controlled by Mr. David Luxton, Chairman of the Company.

Private Placement (November 2024)

On November 12, 2024, we closed a brokered private placement offering to an institutional accredited investor for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $3.4 million (approximately US$2.5 million) (the "November 2024 PP").

As a part of the November 2024 PP, the Company issued 4,145,200 pre-funded warrants to acquire common shares of the Company on a basis of twenty-one warrants to one common share, with no par value at a price of $0.824 (US$0.592) per pre-funded warrant, inclusive of the exercise price of $0.021 per common share. Each pre-funded warrant was bundled with one common share purchase warrant ("November 2024 Common Warrant") of the Company. Each November 2024 Common Warrant was immediately exercisable on the basis of twenty-one warrants to one common share at an exercise price of $21.63 (US$15.54) per common share for a period of 60 months following the closing of the November 2024 PP. Although the pre-funded warrants are each bundled with a November 2024 Common Warrant, each security is issued separately. Since the instruments were bundled, the Company uses the bifurcation method to determine the fair value of each security. The Black Scholes model was used to determine the fair value of the underlying November 2024 Common Warrant and the remainder of the purchase price was allocated to the pre-funded warrant, resulting in a fair value of the November 2024 Common Warrants of $0.765 and a fair value of $0.06 for the pre-funded warrants.

The 4,145,000 pre-funded warrants and 350,000 November 2024 Common Warrants were subsequently exercised at a weighted average exercise price of $0.08, for proceeds of $364,645, during the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

Brokers' Compensation and Share Issuance Costs

In connection with the August 2024 Offering, Wainwright was also granted a tail obligation resulting in earning 7.5% on any equity financing raised from investors introduced to the Company as part of the offering. The November 12, 2024, financing fell entirely within the scope of the tail obligation and resulted in a payment of $259,534 (US$184,047), representing 7.5% of the $3.4 million (US$2.5 million) gross proceeds to Wainwright upon closing of the transaction.

ThinkEquity acted as sole placement agent for the Offering. As compensation for services rendered, the Company (i) paid to ThinkEquity, at the closing of the November 2024 PP, a cash fee equal of $274,027 (US$196,400), representing 8.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds of the November 2024 PP; and (ii) issued to ThinkEquity or its designees 207,260 warrants ("Placement Agent Warrants") to purchase common shares on the basis of twenty-one warrants to one common share, equal to 5% of the pre-funded warrants sold in the November 2024 PP. The Placement Agent Warrants are immediately exercisable, and entitle the holder to acquire one common share at an exercise price of $1.03 (US$0.74) per common share for a period of 60 months following the closing of the November 2024 PP.

The fair value of the broker compensation warrants at the closing of the November 2024 PP was $158,554, calculated using the Black Scholes model.

The share issuance costs related to the November 2024 PP that were recognized in equity were $681,185, inclusive of the broker compensation warrants.

Private Placement (February 2025)

On February 21 and February 25, 2025, we closed the first and second tranche, respectively, of a brokered private placement offering for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $3.7 million (the "February 2025 PP").

As part of the February 2025 PP, the Company issued 50,248 common shares and 2,884,179 pre-funded warrants to acquire one common share of the Company. The common shares and pre-funded warrants had a no par value per share at a price of $19.488 per common share and $0.928 per pre-funded warrant, inclusive of the exercise price of $0.021 per common share. Each common share and pre-funded warrant were bundled with one common share purchase warrant ("February 2025 Common Warrant") of the Company. Each February 2025 Common Warrant is immediately exercisable and entitles the holder to acquire one common share for every 21 February 2025 Common Warrant exercised at an exercise price of $24.36 per common share for a period of 60 months following the closing of the February 2025 PP. Although the common shares and pre-funded warrants are each bundled with a February 2025 Common Warrant, each security is issued separately. Since the instruments were bundled, the Company uses the bifurcation method to determine the fair value of each security. The Black Scholes model was used to determine the fair value of the underlying February 2025 Common Warrant and the remainder of the purchase price was allocated to the common share or pre-funded warrant, resulting in a fair value of the first tranche of the February 2025 Common Warrants of $0.58 and $0.55 and a fair value of $7.308 for the common shares and $0.348 for the pre-funded warrants.

The 2,884,179 pre-funded warrants were subsequently exercised at a weighted average exercise price per warrant of $0.001, for proceeds of $2,884, during the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

Brokers' Compensation and Share Issuance Costs

In connection with the August 2024 Offering, Wainwright was also granted a tail obligation resulting in earning 7.5% on any equity financing raised from investors introduced to the Company as part of the offering. The February 2025 PP fell mostly within the scope of the tail obligation and resulted in a payment of $244,128, representing 7.5% of the gross proceeds, within the scope of the tail obligation, to Wainwright upon closing of the transaction.

ThinkEquity acted as sole placement agent for the Offering. As compensation for services rendered, the Company (i) paid to ThinkEquity, at the closing of the February 2025 PP, a cash fee equal to $279,338, representing 7.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds of the February 2025 PP; and (ii) issued to ThinkEquity or its designees 196,970 warrants ("February 2025 Placement Agent Warrants") equal to 105% of the common shares and 5% of the pre-funded warrants sold in the February 2025 PP. The February 2025 Placement Agent Warrants are immediately exercisable, and entitle the holder to acquire one common share for every 21 February 2025 Placement Agent Warrants exercised at an exercise price of $24.36 per common share for a period of 60 months following the closing of the February 2025 PP.

The fair value of the broker compensation warrants at the closing of the February 2025 PP was $114,046, calculated using the Black Scholes model.

The share issuance costs related to the February 2025 PP recognized in equity were $927,219, inclusive of the broker compensation warrants.

b) Warrants

The following is a summary of changes in outstanding warrants since September 30, 2024:

The table below outlines the ratio upon which the above warrants are converted into common shares. 

(1) The Pre-Funded Warrants exercised in Fiscal 2025 had a strike price of $0.001 per warrant.

In the nine months ended June 30, 2025, there were 10,838,382 pre-funded warrants and 350,000 November 2024 Common Warrants exercised, resulting in an increase to share capital of $5,971,828, a decrease to warrants of $4,819,055 and a decrease to warrant liabilities of $667,634 with the difference being recorded in the change in fair value of the warrant liabilities that was recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

In the nine months ended June 30, 2025, there were 575,000 warrants that expired resulting in $132,000 being recorded to contributed surplus.

The following table provides additional information on the total outstanding warrants at June 30, 2025:

c) Contributed Surplus

Contributed surplus consists of issued broker compensation options at fair value, the cumulative amortized fair value of share-based compensation grants since inception, less amounts transferred to share capital for exercises. If outstanding options expire or are forfeited, there is no reversal of contributed surplus.

Share-based compensation

On August 26, 2024, DEFSEC shareholders approved the renewal of the Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "LTIP"). The number of RSUs, PSUs, deferred share units ("DSUs"), and stock appreciation rights ("SARs") (collectively "Share Units") authorized for issuance pursuant to the LTIP is 1,939 Share Units. Accordingly, we have 882 Share Units available for future grants.

We did not grant any stock options, RSUs, PSUs, and SARs, pursuant to our LTIP during the nine months ended June 30, 2025. Accordingly, we had 1,057 outstanding stock options at June 30, 2025, and we have 65,704 stock option units available for future grants.

14. Loss per share

As disclosed in Note 1(b) and (c), the 2024 Reverse Split and 2025 Reverse Split has been applied retrospectively herein.

The following table summarizes the calculation of the weighted average number of basic and diluted common shares to calculate the loss per share as reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of net loss and comprehensive loss:

At June 30, 2025 and 2024, all dilutive securities, being warrants, pre-funded warrants and stock options, were anti-dilutive because we incurred a net loss for the above periods.

15. Revenue

a) Revenue streams

DEFSEC generates revenue from the sale of products and services to its customers.

b) Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers

In the following table, revenue from contracts with customers is disaggregated by primary geographical market, major products and service lines, and timing of revenue recognition.

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized ("contracted not yet recognized") and includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. At June 30, 2025, DEFSEC's contracted not yet recognized revenue was $78,519 (2024 - $208,886), of which 100% of this amount is expected to be recognized over the next 12 months.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, two customers accounted for 66% and 10% (2024 – three customers accounted for 70%, 12%, and 4%) of revenue. For the nine months ended June 30, 2025, two customers accounted for 65% and 10% (2024 – three customers accounted for 45%, 18%, and 15%) of revenue.

16. Net finance costs

The following table presents a breakdown of net finance costs for the following periods:

17. Financial instruments

For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, there were no material changes to our financial risks as disclosed in Note 23 of the Annual Financial Statements, except for the following:

Foreign currency risk

For the nine months ended June 30, 2025, we raised gross proceeds of $4.9 million (US$3.5 million) in the November 2024 Offering (see Note 13(a)), including the issuance of warrants with an exercise price denominated in U.S. dollars in the November U.S. Public Offering (see Note 12). Warrants exercised in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 resulted in proceeds of $0.8 million (US$0.6 million). On November 12, 2024, the warrants were subsequently converted to CAD denomination and extinguished from liabilities as they were transferred to equity. We also raised gross proceeds of $3.4 million (US$2.5 million) in the November 2024 PP (see Note 13(a)), including the issuance of warrants with an exercise price denominated in CAD dollars in the November Private Placement (see Note 13(a)). Although the financing was denominated in CAD, the terms of the deal allowed for the proceeds to be sent to the Company in U.S. dollars for convenience. We also raised gross proceeds of $3.7 million in the February 2025 PP (see Note 13(a)), including the issuance of warrants with an exercise price denominated in CAD dollars in the February Private Placement (see Note 13(a)). Although the financing was denominated in CAD, the terms of the deal allowed for the proceeds to be sent to the Company in U.S. dollars for convenience. Also, certain of our revenues were denominated in U.S. dollars and we also procure certain raw materials denominated in U.S. dollars for product development. Accordingly, we are exposed to the U.S. dollar currency. Where a natural hedge cannot be achieved, a significant change in the U.S. dollar currency could have a significant effect on our financial performance, financial position and cash flows. Currently, we do not use derivative instruments to hedge the U.S. dollar exposure. Throughout the year we maintained the majority of our cash assets in U.S. dollars and converted to CAD as needed as we primarily received funds from financing in U.S. dollars.

At June 30, 2025, we had the following net U.S. dollar exposure:

During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded a foreign exchange loss of $258,856 and $67,750, respectively (2024 - loss of $22,492 and gain of $68,413).

Liquidity risk

At June 30, 2025, our contractual obligations were as follows:

At June 30, 2025, we had $2.5 million in cash and $2.4 million in working capital (current assets less current liabilities) (September 30, 2024 - $0.3 million in cash and negative $1.1 million in working capital).

18. Supplemental cash flow information

The following table presents net changes in working capital items:

The following is a summary of non-cash items that were excluded from the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended June 30, 2025:

• $2,571,322 non-cash increases to right-of-use assets and lease obligations for a new lease signed in Kanata, Ontario

• 119,047 shares issued for debt settlement of business expenses incurred while representing the Company in an aggregate amount of $100,000 owed to a company controlled by Mr. David Luxton, Chairman of the Company;
• $187,468 non-cash share issuance costs as part of the net proceeds settlement at the closing of the November 1, 2024 U.S. Public Offering (see Note 13(a));
• $221,088 non-cash share issuance costs as part of the net proceeds settlement at the closing of the November 12, 2024 Private Placement (see Note 13(a));
• $114,046 non-cash share issuance costs as part of the net proceeds settlement at the closing of the February 2025 Private Placement (see Note 13(a)); and
• Expiry of 200,000 warrants in connection with the acquisition of Police Ordnance Company (see Note 4 of the Annual Financial Statements) expired December 15, 2024.

The following is a summary of non-cash items that were excluded from the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended June 30, 2024:

• 46,706 shares issued for debt settlement. The debt resulted in a tail obligation relating to services rendered by a third-party consultant;
• 778,814 warrants exercised in connection with the July 2023 Private Placement;
• 199,000 warrants exercised in connection with the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering; and
• 803,500 warrants exercised in connection with the April 2024 U.S. Public Offering.

19. Commitments and contingencies

There were no commitments and contingencies at June 30, 2025 other than the royalty payment disclosed in Note 17.

20. Segmented information

Our Chairman has been identified as the chief operating decision maker. Our Chairman evaluates the performance of DEFSEC and allocates resources based on the information provided by our internal management system at a consolidated level.  We have determined that we have only one operating segment.

At June 30, 2025, we had equipment of $46,171 (2024 – $nil) in the United States while all other property and equipment are located in Canada. We previously had a right-of-use asset located in the United States which was disposed of in the quarter ended March 31, 2025 (2024 – $57,143).

21. Key management compensation

Key management personnel are those persons having the authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the entity, directly or indirectly. The key management personnel of the Company are the members of the Company's executive management team and Board of Directors.

Key management compensation for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

22. Subsequent Events

On July 25, 2025, the Company issued 673,084 common shares and 86,795 pre-funded warrants of the Company as part of a public offering, together with common share purchase warrants to purchase up to 759,879 common shares at a combined public offering price of $8.955 per share or pre-funded warrant and accompanying warrant for gross proceeds of $6.8 million. The warrants have an exercise price of $10.52 per share, are exercisable upon issuance and expire five years following the date of issuance.

Subsequent to the issuance, 55,530 pre-funded warrants were exercised at an exercise price of $0.001.

DEFSEC TECHNOLOGIES INC.

(Formerly KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.)

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025

August 12, 2025

All references in this management's discussion and analysis (the "MD&A") to "DEFSEC", "we", "us", "our", and the "Company" refer to DEFSEC Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries as at June 30, 2025. This MD&A has been prepared with an effective date of August 12, 2025.

This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 ("Q3 Fiscal 2025 FS") and the annual audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 ("Fiscal 2024 FS"). The financial information presented in this MD&A is derived from these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS® Accounting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"). This MD&A contains forward-looking statements that involves risk, uncertainties and assumptions, including statements regarding anticipated developments in future financial periods and our future plans and objectives. There can be no assurance that such information will prove to be accurate, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. See "Forward-Looking Statements".

All references to $ or dollar amounts in this MD&A are to Canadian currency unless otherwise indicated.

Additional information, including press releases, relating to DEFSEC is available for view on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.

In this MD&A, we have presented earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") and EBITDA that has been adjusted for the removal of share-based compensation, foreign exchange loss (gain), change in fair value of derivative liabilities, and any one-time, irregular and non-recurring items ("Adjusted EBITDA") to provide readers with a supplemental measure of our operating performance and thus highlight trends in our core business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on IFRS financial measures. Management also uses non-IFRS measures, in addition to IFRS financial measures, to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for financial and operational decision making, for planning and forecasting purposes, and to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that these non-IFRS financial measures enable us to identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be hidden by the effect of certain expenses that we exclude in the calculations of the non-IFRS financial measures.

Accordingly, we believe that these non-IFRS financial measures reflect our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful comparisons and analysis in the business and provides useful information to investors and securities analysts, and other interested parties in understanding and evaluating our operating results, enhancing their overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects.

We caution readers that these non-IFRS financial measures do not replace the presentation of our IFRS financial results and should only be used as a supplement to, not as a substitute for, our financial results presented in accordance with IFRS. There are limitations in the use of non-IFRS measures because they do not include all the expenses that must be included under IFRS as well as they involve the exercise of judgment concerning exclusions of items from the comparable non-IFRS financial measure. Furthermore, other peers may use other non-IFRS measures to evaluate their performance, or may calculate non-IFRS measures differently, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-IFRS financial measures as tools for comparison.

GOING CONCERN

As an early-stage company, we have not yet reached significant revenue levels for most of our products and have incurred significant losses and negative operating cash flows from inception that have primarily been funded from financing activities. DEFSEC's Q3 Fiscal 2025 FS have been prepared on the going concern basis which presumes that DEFSEC will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. Our ability to continue as a going concern and realize our assets and discharge our liabilities in the normal course of business is dependent upon closing timely additional sales orders, timely commercial launch of new products, and the ability to raise additional debt or equity financing, when required. There are various risks and uncertainties affecting our future financial position and our performance. Refer to Note 2(a) of the Q3 Fiscal 2025 FS for further information.

TRADEMARKS

We own or have rights to various trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business. This MD&A also contains additional trademarks, trade names and service marks belonging to other companies. Solely for convenience, trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this MD&A may appear without the ®, ™ or SM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable licensor to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. We do not intend our use or display of other parties' trademarks, trade names or service marks to imply, and such use or display should not be construed to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other parties.

Certain statements in this document constitute "forward-looking statements" and "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable Canadian and United States securities laws (together, "forward-looking statements"). Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, information with respect to our objectives and our strategies to achieve these objectives, as well as statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, expectations, anticipations, estimates and intentions. These forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of terms and phrases such as "may", "would", "should", "could", "expect", "intend", "estimate", "anticipate", "plan", "foresee", "believe", or "continue", the negative of these terms and similar terminology, including references to assumptions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these terms and phrases. Forward-looking statements are provided for the purposes of assisting the reader in understanding us, our business, operations, prospects and risks at a point in time in the context of historical and possible future developments and therefore the reader is cautioned that such information may not be appropriate for other purposes.

Forward-looking statements relating to us include, among other things, statements relating to:

• our expectations regarding our business, financial condition and results of operations;
• the future state of the legislative and regulatory regimes, both domestic and foreign, in which we conduct business and/or may conduct business in the future;
• our expansion into domestic and international markets;
• our ability to attract customers and clients;
• our marketing and business plans and short-term objectives;
• our ability to obtain and retain the licenses and personnel we require to undertake our business;
• our ability to deliver under contracts with customers;
• anticipated revenue and related margin from professional service contracts with customers;
• our strategic relationships with third parties;
• our anticipated trends and challenges in the markets in which we operate;
• governance of us as a public company; and
• expectations regarding future developments of products and our ability to bring these products to market.

Forward-looking statements are based upon a number of assumptions and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those that are disclosed in or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following risk factors, some of which are discussed in greater detail under the section "Risk Factors" in our 20-F dated December 27, 2024:

• limited operating history;
• failure to realize our growth strategy;
• failure to complete transactions or realize anticipated benefits;
• reliance on key personnel;
• regulatory compliance;
• competition;

• changes in laws, regulations and guidelines;
• demand for our products;
• fluctuating prices of raw materials;
• pricing for products;
• ability to supply sufficient product;
• potential cancellation or loss of customer contracts if we are unable to meet contract performance requirements;
• expansion to other jurisdictions;
• damage to our reputation;
• operating risk and insurance coverage;
• negative operating cash flows;
• management of growth;
• product liability;
• product recalls;
• environmental regulations and risks;
• ownership and protection of intellectual property;
• constraints on marketing products;
• reliance on management;
• fraudulent or illegal activity by our employees, contractors and/or consultants;
• breaches of security at our facilities or in respect of electronic documents and data storage and risks related to breaches of applicable privacy laws;
• government regulations regarding public or employee health and safety regulations, including public health measures in the event of pandemics or epidemics;
• regulatory or agency proceedings, investigations and/or audits;
• additional capital requirements to support our operations and growth plans, leading to further dilution to shareholders;
• the terms of additional capital raises;
• conflicts of interest;
• litigation;
• risks related to United States' and other international activities, including regional conflicts that may impact our operations;
• risks related to security clearances;
• risks relating to the ownership of our securities, such as potential extreme volatility in the price of our securities;
• risks related to our foreign private issuer status;
• risks related to our emerging growth company status;
• risks related to meeting the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq;
• risks related to the liquidity of the Common Shares;
• significant changes or developments in United States trade policies and tariffs that may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial statements;
• risks related to United States tariffs, including potential supply chain disruptions, required operational adjustments, increased costs and potential logistical disruptions;
• risks related specifically to United States tariffs on aluminum and steel; and
• risks related to retaliatory tariffs imposed by Canada's government affecting potential foreign sales.

Although the forward-looking statements contained herein are based upon what we believe are reasonable assumptions, investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on this information since actual results may vary from the forward-looking statements. Certain assumptions were made in preparing the forward-looking statements concerning availability of capital resources, business performance, market conditions and customer demand.

Consequently, all of the forward-looking statements contained herein are qualified by the foregoing cautionary statements, and there can be no guarantee that the results or developments that we anticipate will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences or effects on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise indicates, the forward-looking statements contained herein are provided as of the date hereof, and we do not undertake to update or amend such forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by applicable law.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Corporate Information

We are a Canadian corporation incorporated on November 28, 2017, under the laws of the Province of British Columbia. Our registered office is located at 550 Burrard Street, Suite 2900, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and our corporate office is located at Unit 300, 80 Hines Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. We have representative offices in London (United Kingdom) and Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates).

DEFSEC Technologies Inc., formerly known as KWESST Micro Systems Inc., is an early-stage technology company that develops and commercializes proprietary next-generation tactical systems that advance operational effectiveness and survivability for military and public safety personnel deployed at the Tactical Edge (those commanders, soldiers, operators and first responders conducting operations primarily in the dismounted domain, on foot and on and off vehicles).

Our product development has focused on three niche market segments as follows:

Our core mission is to protect and save lives. We group our offerings for commercialization purposes into Military and Public Safety missions, as shown on our website at www.defsectec.com.

The following is a summary of our main product and service categories for each business line:

1 To position PARA OPSTM as an extension of our ARWEN® brand we have renamed it PARA SHOTTM.

DEFSEC's Military offerings are comprised of:

• Digitization: real-time data sharing at the tactical level, including integration with Battlefield Management Applications (BMS) including ATAK and TAK;

• Digitized firing platforms ("Digital Fires" or "Joint Fires");
• BLDS; and
• Digitized Electro Magnetic Spectrum Operations ("EMSO").

DEFSEC's Public Safety offerings are comprised of:

• KWESST LightningTM: leverages the Company’s military digitization technology experience to provide responders to any type of incident with instant onboarding to the mission and TAK-enabled real-time situational awareness software as a service (“SaaS”). The Company is currently pursuing in trials and pilots of the product as it continues development towards the commercial release that is currently expected to be available in the 2025 calendar year.

• Less-Lethal Munitions Systems:

• PARA SHOTTM, a next-generation less-lethal system.
• ARWEN® 37mm system, plus new 40mm munition.

Strategy

Our strategy is to pursue and win large defense contracts for multi-year revenue visibility with prime defense contractors for next-generation situational awareness, with a particular focus on ATAK applications that can be leveraged to address similar requirements in the Public Safety Market complemented by our proprietary ARWEN® and PARA SHOTTM  less-lethal products, where it is possible to drive sales and where the sales cycle is typically shorter than the more programmatic defense market.  

Major Highlights - Quarter ended June 30, 2025 ("Q3 Fiscal 2025")

The following is a summary of the major highlights that occurred during Q3 Fiscal 2025:

• On April 1, 2025, the Company announced the results of its special meeting of shareholders. The consolidation resolution was approved by a majority of the votes cast by the holders of common shares of the Company, either present in person or represented by proxy.

• On April 21, 2025, the Company announced that it will effect a consolidation of the Company's issued and outstanding common shares on the basis of twenty-one (21) pre-consolidation Shares for each one (1) post-consolidation Share. The Consolidation was effective at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time April 23, 2025, on the Nasdaq and was effective at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time on April 24, 2025, on the TSX Venture Exchange. While the Shares were expected to begin trading on the Nasdaq on a consolidated basis on or around April 23, 2025, due to the discrepancy in the effective date of the consolidation on both markets, trading in the securities of the Company was halted on April 23, 2025 and resumed trading on a consolidated basis on the Nasdaq and the TSX Venture Exchange at market open on April 24, 2025.

• On May 8, 2025, the Company announced that it received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC notifying the Company that it has regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The Notification Letter confirmed that the Company evidenced a closing bid price at or greater than the USD$1.00 per common share minimum requirement for 10 consecutive business days from April 24, 2025, to May 7, 2025. As a result, the listing matter has been closed.

• On June 18, 2025, the Company announced receipt of a first order from a defense systems integrator for testing prototypes of its newest generation of the BLDS for a major North American armored vehicle program.  On August 4, 2023, KWESST delivered earlier versions of the BLDS technology to an overseas NATO country through a European defense integrator.

• On June 25, 2025, the Company announced that it changed its name to "DEFSEC Technologies Inc." at the opening of its expanded new facility at 80 Hines Road in Kanata North, Ottawa, Ontario. The change became official on June 30, 2025.

The following is a summary of major highlights that occurred since Q3 Fiscal 2025:

• On July 24, 2025, the Company announced the pricing of a public offering whereby on July 25, 2025 it issued 759,879 common shares of the Company (or pre-funded warrants (“Pre-funded Warrants”) in lieu thereof), together with common share purchase warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to 759,879 common shares at a combined public offering price of CAD$8.955 per share (or Pre-funded Warrant in lieu thereof) and accompanying Warrant. The Warrants have an exercise price of CAD$10.52 per share, are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years following the date of issuance. The public offering closed on August 7, 2025. In connection with the offering, DEFSEC paid a cash fee to the placement agent in an amount of CAD$510,354 and issued to the placement agent or its designees 56,991 placement agent’s warrants entitling the holder to acquire one common share of DEFSEC for a period of five years from the commencement of sales of the offering at an exercise price of CAD$11.1938 per common share.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following selected financial data has been extracted from the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

(1) EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are non-IFRS measures. See "Non-IFRS Measures". See below for reconciliation of Non-IFRS Measures.

(2) See share consolidation in the summary of major highlights that occurred since Q3 Fiscal 2025 for more information.

In the following table, we have reconciled EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to the most comparable IFRS financial measure.

Current Quarter Variance Analysis (Q3 Fiscal 2025 vs. Q3 Fiscal 2024)