Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements of

KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.

Three and six months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023

(Unaudited - Expressed in Canadian dollars)

KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.

Table of contents for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023

KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Financial Position
At March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023
(Unaudited)

See Note 2(a) Going concern and Note 17 Commitments and contingencies.
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

On behalf of the Board of Directors:

KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss
Three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Deficit)
Six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows
Six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
(Unaudited)

See Note 16 Supplemental cash flow information.
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

1. Corporate information

a) Corporate information

KWESST Micro Systems Inc. (the "Company", "KWESST", "we", "our", and "us") was incorporated on November 28, 2017, under the laws of the Province of British Columbia. Our registered office is located at 550 Burrard Street, Suite 2900, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and our corporate office is located at Unit 1, 155 Terrence Matthews Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. We have representative offices in the following foreign locations: Washington DC (United States), London (United Kingdom), and Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates).

We develop and commercialize next-generation technology solutions that deliver a tactical advantage for military, public safety agencies and personal defense markets.  Our core mission is to protect and save lives.

KWESST's common stock is listed on the TSX-Venture Exchange ("TSX-V'') under the stock symbol of KWE, on the Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq") under the stock symbol of KWE and on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the stock symbol of 62U.  Additionally, warrants issued in the United States are also listed on the Nasdaq under the stock symbol of KWESW.  Effective May 1, 2023, the warrants issued in Canada are listed on the TSX-V under the stock symbol of KWE.WT.U.

b) Reverse Stock Split

In August 2022, we submitted a Form F-1 Registration Statement to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and applied to have its common shares listed on Nasdaq. In connection with KWESST's listing application on Nasdaq, we effected a one for seventy (1-for-70) reverse stock split of its common stock on October 28, 2022 (the "Reverse Split").  Accordingly, all shareholders of record at the opening of business on October 28, 2022, received one issued and outstanding common share of KWESST in exchange for seventy outstanding common shares of KWESST.  No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Split.  All fractional shares created by the Reverse Split were rounded to the nearest whole number of common shares, with any fractional interest representing 0.5 or more common shares entitling holders thereof to receive one whole common share. 

Effective on the date of the Reverse Split, the exercise price and number of common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options were proportionately adjusted to reflect the Reverse Split. The restricted share units ("RSUs") and performance stock units ("PSUs") have also been adjusted for the Reverse Split.  While the number of warrants has not changed as a result of the Reverse Split; the conversion rate for each warrant was adjusted from one common share to 0.01428571 common share.  All information respecting outstanding common shares and other securities of KWESST, including net loss per share, in the current and comparative periods presented herein give effect to the Reverse Split.

2. Basis of preparation

(a) Going concern

These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern.

As an early-stage company, we have not yet reached commercial production for most of our products and have incurred significant losses and negative operating cash flows from inception that have primarily been funded from financing activities.  We have incurred a $3.9 million net loss and negative operating cash flows of $5.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2024 (2023 - $3.4 million net loss and negative operating cash flows of $9.2 million). At March 31, 2024, we had negative $2.2 million in working capital (September 30, 2023 - $0.5 million). 

Our ability to continue as a going concern and realize our assets and discharge our liabilities in the normal course of business is dependent upon closing timely additional sales orders, timely commercial launch of new products, and the ability to raise additional debt or equity financing, when required. There are various risks and uncertainties affecting our future financial position and our performance including, but not limited to:

• The market acceptance and rate of commercialization of our product offerings;
• Ability to successfully execute our business plan;
• Ability to raise additional capital at acceptable terms;
• General local and global economic conditions, including the ongoing conflict in Gaza and the global disruption from Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Our strategy to mitigate these material risks and uncertainties is to execute timely a business plan aimed at continued focus on revenue growth, product development and innovation, improving overall gross profit, managing operating expenses and working capital requirements, and securing additional capital, as needed.

Failure to implement our business plan could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and/or financial performance. There is no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital as they are required in the future. Accordingly, there are material risks and uncertainties that may cast substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements do not include any adjustments to the carrying amounts and classification of assets, liabilities and reported expenses that may otherwise be required if the going concern basis was not appropriate.

(b) Statement of compliance

These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34, Interim Financial Reporting, ("IAS 34") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB").  They do not include all the information required for a complete set of financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") and should be read in conjunction with our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2023. However, selected explanatory notes are included to explain events and transactions that are significant to an understanding of the changes in our financial position and performance since the last annual consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended September 30, 2023.

These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on May 14, 2024.

(c) Basis of consolidation

These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements incorporate the financial statements of KWESST and the entities it controls.

Control is achieved where we have the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities, are exposed to, or have rights to, variable returns from our involvement with the entity and have the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to us until the date on which control ceases. Profit or loss of subsidiaries acquired during the year are recognized from the date of acquisition or effective date of disposal as applicable. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

At March 31, 2024, we have the following wholly owned subsidiaries:

(d) Functional and presentation currency

These financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars ("CAD"), our functional currency and presentation currency.

(e) Basis of measurement

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments measured at fair value. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for assets.

(f) Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income, expenses, and disclosure of contingent liabilities.  Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognized prospectively.

Judgments

Information about judgments made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognized in these consolidated financial statements are the same as disclosed in Note 2(f) of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2023.

Estimates

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties at March 31, 2024, that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the next financial year are the same as disclosed in Note 2(f) of the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2023.

3. Significant accounting policies

During the six months ended March 31, 2024, the accounting policies in these condensed consolidated interim financial statements are the same as those applied in KWESST's consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended September 30, 2023.

4. Trade and other receivables

The following table presents trade and other receivables for KWESST:

There was no impairment of trade and other receivables during the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 (2023 - $nil).

The following table presents changes in unbilled receivables:

5. Inventories

The following table presents a breakdown of inventories: 

There was no impairment of inventories during the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 (2023 - $nil).

6. Intangible assets

The following table shows the movement in intangible assets since September 30, 2023:

At March 31, 2024, management concluded there was no impairment on the intangible assets (2023 - $nil).

7. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

The following table presents a breakdown of our accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

8.  Related party transactions

At March 31, 2024, there was $408,909 (September 30, 2023 - $216,730) outstanding amount in accounts payable and accrued liabilities due to our officers and directors for unpaid wages, bonuses, director fees, and expense reimbursements.

9. Contract liabilities

The following is a reconciliation of contract liabilities since September 30, 2023:

10. Warrant liabilities

The following is a reconciliation of warrant liabilities since September 30, 2023:

U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering

On December 9, 2022, we closed an underwritten U.S. public offering (the "U.S. IPO") and an underwritten Canadian offering (the "Canadian Offering") for aggregate gross proceeds of CAD$19.4 million (US$14.1 million) (see Note 11(a)). As part of the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering, we have issued 3,226,392 warrants (the "2022 Warrants") with an exercise price of US$5.00 per share.  Additionally, the U.S. underwriter exercised its over-allotment option to purchase:

• 199,000 Pre-Funded Warrants with an exercise price of US$0.01 per share for $3.81024 per pre-funded warrant (net of underwriter discount);
• 375,000 warrants with exercise price of US$5.00 per share for $0.0001 per warrant;

Refer to Note 11(a) for further information on the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering.

Under IFRS, the above securities are classified as financial liabilities (referred herein as "warrant liabilities") because the exercise price is denominated in U.S. dollars, which is different to our functional currency (Canadian dollars). Accordingly, the ultimate proceeds in Canadian dollars from the potential exercise of the above securities are not known at inception. These financial liabilities are classified and measured at FVTPL (see Note 3(c) of the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2023). Gains on revaluation of the warrant liabilities are presented in Other income (expenses) on the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

Warrant liabilities

While the warrants issued in the U.S. IPO were listed on Nasdaq and closed at US$0.90 per warrant on December 9, 2022, management concluded that this closing price was not reflective of an active market due to short trading window and therefore not representative of fair value. Accordingly, at inception, the 2022 Warrants were measured at fair value using the Black Scholes option pricing model (Level 2). We used the following assumptions:

(1) Fair value is measured at the underlying common share closing price on Nasdaq on December 9, 2022, less US$0.01 exercise price.

(2) Same fair value as calculated for Warrants.

The share price (in USD) for the over-allotment pre-funded warrants was based on the estimated fair value of the common shares issued on December 9, 2022, by deducting the fair value of the warrants of US$1.05 from the US$4.13 Unit price and the exercise price of US$0.01 (see Note 11(a)).

Based on the above fair value, the issuance of the over-allotment pre-funded warrants and warrants to the underwriter resulted in a non-cash charge of $251,877, which is included in the change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated interim statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

At March 31, 2024, we remeasured the fair value of these warrants using the following assumptions:

(1) Fair value is based on the Nasdaq closing pricing on March 28, 2024, for the warrants.

(2) Fair value is measured at the Nasdaq closing price on March 28, 2024, for the underlying common stock less US$0.01 exercise price.

We recognized a loss of $1,044 and a gain of $647,648 in fair value of warrant liabilities during the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, respectively, which was reported in the condensed consolidated net loss and comprehensive loss.

December 2022 Debt Settlement

On December 13, 2022, we have entered into share for debt arrangements with existing lenders (see Note 11(a)), which resulted in issuing 56,141 Units, same terms as the Units as issued in the Canadian Offering except that the underlying securities are subject to a four-month hold period. Accordingly, this resulted in issuing 56,141 common shares and 56,141 warrant liabilities with an exercise price of US$5.00 per share and maturing on December 13, 2027. We initially recorded the fair value of the warrant liabilities using the Black Scholes option pricing model with an underlying stock price equivalent to the unit price of US$4.13.

At March 31, 2024, we remeasured the fair value of these warrant liabilities using the Nasdaq closing price on March 28, 2024, of US$0.12. The remeasurement resulted in a change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $1,252 and $9,012 for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, respectively, which was reported in the condensed consolidated net loss and comprehensive loss.

Private Placement

On July 21, 2023, we closed an underwritten U.S. private placement for gross proceeds of CAD$7.4 million (US$5.59 million) (see Note 11(a)). As part of the private placement, we have issued 1,542,194 warrants (the "2023 Warrants") with an exercise price of US$2.66 per share. Additionally, 930,548 pre-funded Warrants with an exercise price of US$0.001 per share for US$2.259 per pre-funded warrant were issued.

Refer to Note 11(a) for further information on the private placement.

Under IFRS, the above securities are classified as financial liabilities (referred herein as "warrant liabilities") because the exercise price is denominated in U.S. dollars, which is different to our functional currency (Canadian dollars). Accordingly, the ultimate proceeds in Canadian dollars from the potential exercise of the above securities are not known at inception. These financial liabilities are classified and measured at FVTPL (see Note 3(c) of the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2023). Gains on revaluation of the warrant liabilities are presented in other income (expenses) on the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

Warrant liabilities

The 2023 warrants issued in the private placement were not listed on Nasdaq and does not represent an active market Level 1 input. Accordingly, at inception, the 2023 Warrants were measured at fair value using the Black Scholes option pricing model (Level 2). We used the following assumptions:

(1) Fair value is measured at the underlying common share closing price on Nasdaq on July 21, 2023, less US$0.001 exercise price.

The share price (in USD) for the pre-funded warrants was based on the estimated fair value of the common shares issued on July 21, 2023, by deducting the fair value of the warrants of US$0.75 from the US$2.26 Unit price and the exercise price of US$0.001 (see Note 11(a)).

At March 31, 2024, we remeasured the fair value of these warrants using the following assumptions:

(1) Fair value is based on the Black Scholes model on March 31, 2024, for the warrants.

(2) Fair value is measured at the Nasdaq closing price on March 28, 2024, for the underlying common stock less US$0.001 exercise price.

We recognized a loss of $533,130 and a gain of $841,172 in fair value of warrant liabilities during the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, respectively, which was reported in the condensed consolidated net loss and comprehensive loss.

11. Share capital and Contributed Surplus

a) Share capital

Authorized

KWESST is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares.

Issued Common Shares

The following is a summary of changes in outstanding common shares since September 30, 2023:

U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering

On December 9, 2022, we closed the U.S. IPO and the Canadian Offering. In the U.S. IPO, we sold 2.5 million units at a public offering price of USD $4.13 per unit (the "Unit"), consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock ("Warrant"). The Warrants have a per share exercise price of USD $5.00 and can be exercised immediately. In connection with the closing of the U.S. IPO, the underwriter partially exercised its over-allotment option to purchase an additional 199,000 pre-funded common share purchase warrants ("Pre-Funded Warrants") at US$4.12 (before underwriter discount) and 375,000 option warrants to purchase common shares at US$0.0001 each. A Pre-Funded Warrant is a financial instrument that requires the holder to pay little consideration (exercise price of US$0.01) to receive the common share upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrant.  The holder of Pre-Funded Warrants has no voting rights. All these warrants expire on December 9, 2027.

In the Canadian Offering, we sold 726,392 units, each consisting of one common share and one warrant to purchase one common share, at a price to the public of USD $4.13 per unit. The warrants will have a per common share exercise price of USD $5.00, are exercisable immediately and expire in five years on December 9, 2027. Effective May 1, 2023, the warrants are listed on the TSX-V under the stock symbol of KWE.WT.U.

The closing of the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering resulted in aggregate gross proceeds of CAD$19.4 million (USD $14.1 million), before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses.

The common shares of KWESST and the Warrants sold in the U.S. IPO began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbols "KWE" and "KWESW", respectively, on December 7, 2022.

ThinkEquity acted as sole book-running manager for the U.S. IPO and PI Financial acted as sole book-running manager for the Canadian Offering.

Accounting Treatment

Refer to Note 10 for the accounting of the warrants issued in the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering.

Brokers' Compensation and Share Offering Costs

As consideration for the services provided in connection with the U.S. IPO, ThinkEquity received: (a) a broker-dealer cash commission of US$835,000 (or CAD$1,138,105) equal to 7.5% of the gross offering proceeds of the U.S. Offering and (b) underwriter warrants (the "U.S. Underwriter Warrants") to purchase up to 134,950 common shares equal to 5% of the common shares and pre-funded common share purchase warrants issued under the U.S. Offering. Each U.S. Underwriter Warrant is exercisable to acquire one common share at a price of US$5.1625, exercisable as of June 4, 2023, and expiring on December 9, 2027.

As consideration for the services provided in connection with the Canadian Offering, PI Financial received: (a) a cash commission of approximately US$210,000 (or CAD$286,230); and (b) 50,848 compensation options (the "Canadian Compensation Options"). Each Canadian Compensation Option is exercisable to acquire one Canadian Unit at a price of US$4.13 and expiring on December 9, 2024.

In addition to the above brokers' compensation, we also incurred US$2.1 million share offering costs (or CAD$2.8 million) for the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering, of which CAD$628,262 was incurred and deferred at September 30, 2022.

The total brokers compensation (including fair value of U.S. Underwriter Warrants and Canadian Compensation Options) and share offering costs was US$3.2 million (or CAD$4.4 million). This total was allocated proportionately to the fair value of common shares and warrant liabilities. Accordingly, CAD$1.3 million allocated to warrant liabilities was reported in the condensed consolidated net loss and comprehensive loss.

 Shares for Debt Settlement

We have entered into share for debt arrangements with existing lenders, which closed on December 13, 2022, following TSXV's conditional approval.  This resulted in issuing 56,141 Units to settle $12,000 of the March 2022 Loans and USD$223,321 (or CAD$302,197) of the August 2022 Loans, including unpaid accrued interest and 10% premium at maturity (the "Debt Settlements"). The terms of the Units are the same as the Units issued in the Canadian Offering.

On January 10, 2024, we issued 46,709 common shares in a settlement of debt in an amount of approximately $97,615. The debt resulted in a trail obligation relating to services rendered by a third-party consultant, which the Company has elected to pay in common shares. The common shares issued pursuant to the Debt Settlement (signed October 31, 2023) are subject to a four-month hold period pursuant to applicable securities legislation and the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange.

Private Placement

On July 21, 2023, we closed a brokered private placement, resulting in the issuance of 1,542,194 common shares of KWESST, for aggregate gross proceeds of USD$5,588,397 (approximately CAD$7.4M) (the "July 2023 Offering").

As a part of the July 2023 Offering, the Company issued 1,542,194 common shares at a price of US$2.26 (CAD$2.98) per common share (each a "Common Share") and 930,548 pre-funded warrants at a price of US$2.259 (CAD$2.979) per pre-funded warrant (each a "Pre-funded Warrant"), with each Common Share and Pre-funded Warrant being bundled with one common share purchase warrant of the Company (each a "Common Warrant"). Each Pre-Funded Warrant entitles the holder to acquire one Common Share at an exercise price of US$0.001 per Common Share, and each Common Warrant is immediately exercisable and entitles the holder to acquire one Common Share at an exercise price of US$2.66 (CAD$3.50) per Common Share for a period of 60 months following the closing of the July 2023 Offering. Although the Common Shares and Pre-funded Warrants are each bundled with a Common Warrant, each security is issued separately.

Brokers' Compensation and Share Offering Costs

ThinkEquity acted as sole placement agent for the Offering. As compensation for services rendered, the Company paid to ThinkEquity a cash fee of $475,013.14 representing 8.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds of the Offering and issued 123,637 warrants to purchase a number of Common Shares (the "Placement Agent Warrants"), representing 5% of the Common Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants sold in the Offering. The Placement Agent Warrants will be exercisable, in whole or in part, immediately upon issuance and will expire 60 months after the closing date of the Offering at an initial exercise price of US$2.66 (CAD$3.50) per Common Share.

b) Warrants

The following is a summary of changes in outstanding warrants since September 30, 2023:

The table below outlines the ratio upon which the above warrants are converted into common shares. 

U.S. Underwriter Warrants

In the U.S. IPO, we issued 134,950 warrants ("U.S. Underwriter Warrants").  Each U.S. Underwriter Warrant is exercisable to acquire one common share at US$5.1625 for a period of 5 years (expiring on December 9, 2027). Management estimated the fair value of these warrants using the Black Scholes option model with the following inputs:

We recorded $189,592 as the fair value for the U.S. Underwriter Warrants at initial recognition in December 2022, with an equal offset to share offering costs (a non-cash transaction).

The following table provides additional information on the total outstanding warrants at March 31, 2024:

c) Contributed Surplus 

Broker Compensation Options

In the Canadian Offering, we issued 50,848 Canadian Compensation Options. Each Canadian Compensation Option is exercisable to acquire one Unit, as defined in Note 11(a), at a price equal to US$4.13 for a period of two years (expiring on December 9, 2024).  Based on the structure of the Compensation Option, management estimated its fair value using the Monte Carlo method (Level 2).  We used the following key inputs in the Monte Carlo model (100,000 simulations):

We recorded $125,086 of Canadian Compensation Options in contributed at initial recognition in December 2022, with an equal offset to share offering costs (a non-cash transaction).

Share-based compensation

On March 31, 2023, KWESST shareholders approved the renewal of the Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "LTIP").  Additionally, the disinterested shareholders (shareholders that are not directors, officers, or other insiders of the Company) of KWESST approved an amendment to the LTIP to increase the number of RSUs, PSUs, DSUs, and SARs (collectively "Share Units") authorized for issuance pursuant to the LTIP from 60,682 to 407,274 Share Units. Accordingly, we have 17,367 Share Units available for future grants.

Further, the disinterested shareholders of KWESST approved to revise the exercise price of 50,981 stock options to $3.60, the closing price of KWESST common shares on the TSX-V on March 31, 2023. In accordance with IFRS 2, this resulted in an immediate fair value increase of $77,001 included in share-based compensation, with an offset to contributed surplus for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023.

We did not grant any stock options, RSUs, PSUs, and SARs, pursuant to our LTIP during the six months ended March 31, 2024. Accordingly, we had 389,907 outstanding stock options at March 31, 2024, we have 171,771 stock option units available for future grants.

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded share-based compensation of $60,981 and $124,471, respectively (2023 - $151,981 and $277,047).

12. Earnings (loss) per share

The following table summarizes the calculation of the weighted average basic number of basic and diluted common shares to calculate the earnings (loss) per share as reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim statements of net loss and comprehensive loss:

At March 31, 2024 and 2023, all dilutive securities were anti-dilutive because we incurred a net loss for the above periods.

13. Revenue

The following table, revenue from contracts with customers is disaggregated by primary geographical market, major products and service lines, and timing of revenue recognition.

At March 31, 2024, KWESST's contracted not yet recognized revenue was $302,617 (2023 - $1,029,889), of which 100% of this amount is expected to be recognized over the next 12 months.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, three customers accounted for 35.53%, 25.98% and 13.22% (2023 - two customers accounted for 31.84%, 13.45%) of revenue. For the six months ended March 31, 2024, three customers accounted for 31.19%, 20.53% and 20.45% (2023 - three customers accounted for 36.25%, 15.51%, and 10.56%) of revenue.

14. Net finance costs

The following table presents a breakdown of net finance costs for the following periods:

15. Financial instruments

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, there were no material changes to our financial risks as disclosed in Note 23 of the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2023, except for the following:

Foreign currency risk

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, certain of our revenues were denominated in U.S. dollar and we also procure certain raw materials denominated in U.S. dollar for product development. Further, in Q1 Fiscal 2023, we raised gross proceeds of US$14.1 million in the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering (see Note 11), including the issuance of warrants with exercise price denominated in U.S. dollar (see Note 10).  Accordingly, we are exposed to the U.S. dollar currency. Where a natural hedge cannot be achieved, a significant change in the U.S. dollar currency could have a significant effect on our financial performance, financial position and cash flows. Currently, we do not use derivative instruments to hedge its U.S. dollar exposure.

At March 31, 2024, we had the following net U.S. dollar exposure:

During the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded a foreign exchange loss of $805 and gain of $90,905, respectively (2023 - loss of $19,684 and $150,040).

Liquidity risk

At March 31, 2024, our contractual obligations were as follows: 

At March 31, 2024, we had $0.3 million in cash and negative $2.2 million in working capital (see Note 2(a)).

16.   Supplemental cash flow information

The following table presents changes in non-cash working capital:

The following is a summary of non-cash items that were excluded from the Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended March 31, 2024:

• 46,706 shares issued for debt settlement. The debt resulted in a trail obligation relating to services rendered by a third-party consultant; and
• 385,716 warrants exercised in connection with the July 2023 Prive Placement (see Note 11).

The following is a summary of non-cash items that were excluded from the Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended March 31, 2023:

• $2,924,880 non-cash share offering costs and $453,102 accounts payables as part of the net proceeds settlement at the closing of the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering;
• 250,000 warrants exercised in connection with the GhostStepTM acquisition in June 2020; and
• $528,207 of shares issued for vested RSUs and PSUs.

17. Commitments and contingencies

There was no material change to the commitments and contingencies as disclosed in Note 27 of the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2023.

18.   Segmented information

Our Executive Chairman has been identified as the chief operating decision maker. Our Executive Chairman evaluates the performance of KWESST and allocates resources based on the information provided by our internal management system at a consolidated level.  We have determined that we have only one operating segment.

At March 31, 2024, we had one right-of-use asset ($64,782) and some inventory ($153,087) in the United States while all other property and equipment are located in Canada. At March 31, 2023, all of our property and equipment were located in Canada, including the right-of-use assets, with some inventory ($92,865) in the United States.

19.   Subsequent events

On April 9, 2024, we announced the closing of the Company's underwritten public offering of 735,000 common shares and 803,500 pre-funded warrants with an exercise price of $0.001 ("Pre-funded Warrants") at a public offering price of US$0.65 per share and US$0.649 per Pre-funded Warrant, less the underwriting discount. The gross proceeds from the offering, before deducting the underwriting discount of US$0.04875 per common share (being an aggregate of US$75,002 or 7.5% of the public offering price of the securities) and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately US$1,000,000. In addition, the Company issued to the underwriter as compensation for its services 76,925 common share purchase warrants with an exercise price of US$0.8125 per share.

KWESST MICRO SYSTEMS INC.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Three and six months ended March 31, 2024

(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)

All references in this management's discussion and analysis (the "MD&A") to "KWESST", "we", "us", "our", and the "Company" refer to KWESST Micro Systems Inc. and its subsidiaries as at March 31, 2024. This MD&A has been prepared with an effective date of May 14, 2024.

This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 ("Q2 Fiscal 2024 FS") and the annual audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended September 30, 2023 ("Fiscal 2023 FS"). The financial information presented in this MD&A is derived from these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"). This MD&A contains forward-looking statements involves risk, uncertainties and assumptions, including statements regarding anticipated developments in future financial periods and our future plans and objectives. There can be no assurance that such information will prove to be accurate, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. See "Forward-Looking Statements".

All references to $ or dollar amounts in this MD&A are to Canadian currency unless otherwise indicated.

Additional information, including press releases, relating to KWESST is available for view on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

In this MD&A, we have presented earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") and EBITDA that has been adjusted for the removal of share-based compensation, foreign exchange loss (gain), change in fair value of derivative liabilities, and any one-time, irregular and nonrecurring items ("Adjusted EBITDA") to provide readers with a supplemental measure of our operating performance and thus highlight trends in our core business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on IFRS financial measures. Management also uses non-IFRS measures, in addition to IFRS financial measures, to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for financial and operational decision making, for planning and forecasting purposes, and to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that these non-IFRS financial measures enable us to identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be hidden by the effect of certain expenses that we exclude in the calculations of the non-IFRS financial measures.

Accordingly, we believe that these non-IFRS financial measures reflect our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful comparisons and analysis in the business and provides useful information to investors and securities analysts, and other interested parties in understanding and evaluating our operating results, enhancing their overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects.

We caution readers that these non-IFRS financial measures do not replace the presentation of our IFRS financial results and should only be used as a supplement to, not as a substitute for, our financial results presented in accordance with IFRS. There are limitations in the use of non-IFRS measures because they do not include all the expenses that must be included under IFRS as well as they involve the exercise of judgment concerning exclusions of items from the comparable non-IFRS financial measure. Furthermore, other peers may use other non-IFRS measures to evaluate their performance, or may calculate non-IFRS measures differently, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-IFRS financial measures as tools for comparison.

As an early-stage company, we have not yet reached commercial production for most of our products and have incurred significant losses and negative operating cash flows from inception that have primarily been funded from financing activities. KWESST's Q2 Fiscal 2024 FS have been prepared on the "going concern" basis which presumes that KWESST will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. Our ability to continue as a going concern and realize our assets and discharge our liabilities in the normal course of business is dependent upon closing timely additional sales orders, timely commercial launch of new products, and the ability to raise additional debt or equity financing, when required. There are various risks and uncertainties affecting our future financial position and our performance. Refer to Note 2(a) of the Q2 Fiscal 2024 FS for further information.

TRADEMARKS

We own or have rights to various trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business. This MD&A also contains additional trademarks, trade names and service marks belonging to other companies. Solely for convenience, trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this MD&A may appear without the ®, ™ or SM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable licensor to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. We do not intend our use or display of other parties' trademarks, trade names or service marks to imply, and such use or display should not be construed to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other parties.

Certain statements in this document constitute "forward-looking statements" and "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable Canadian and United States securities laws (together, "forward-looking statements"). Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, information with respect to our objectives and our strategies to achieve these objectives, as well as statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, expectations, anticipations, estimates and intentions. These forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of terms and phrases such as "may", "would", "should", "could", "expect", "intend", "estimate", "anticipate", "plan", "foresee", "believe", or "continue", the negative of these terms and similar terminology, including references to assumptions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these terms and phrases. Forward-looking statements are provided for the purposes of assisting the reader in understanding us, our business, operations, prospects and risks at a point in time in the context of historical and possible future developments and therefore the reader is cautioned that such information may not be appropriate for other purposes.

Forward-looking statements relating to us include, among other things, statements relating to:

• our expectations regarding our business, financial condition and results of operations;
• the future state of the legislative and regulatory regimes, both domestic and foreign, in which we conduct business and may conduct business in the future;
• our expansion into domestic and international markets;
• our ability to attract customers and clients;
• our marketing and business plans and short-term objectives;
• our ability to obtain and retain the licenses and personnel we require to undertake our business;
• our ability to deliver under contracts with customers;
• anticipated revenue from professional service contracts with customers;
• our strategic relationships with third parties;
• our anticipated trends and challenges in the markets in which we operate;
• governance of us as a public company; and
• expectations regarding future developments of products and our ability to bring these products to market.

Forward-looking statements are based upon a number of assumptions and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those that are disclosed in or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following risk factors, some of which are discussed in greater detail under the section "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 20-F dated January 17, 2024:

• limited operating history;
• failure to realize growth strategy;

• failure to complete transactions or realize anticipated benefits;
• reliance on key personnel;
• regulatory compliance;
• competition;
• changes in laws, regulations and guidelines;
• demand for our products;
• fluctuating prices of raw materials;
• pricing for products;
• ability to supply sufficient product;
• potential cancellation or loss of customer contracts if we are unable to meet contract performance requirements;
• expansion to other jurisdictions;
• damage to our reputation;
• operating risk and insurance coverage;
• negative operating cash flow;
• management of growth;
• product liability;
• product recalls;
• environmental regulations and risks;
• ownership and protection of intellectual property;
• constraints on marketing products;
• reliance on management;
• fraudulent or illegal activity by our employees, contractors and consultants;
• breaches of security at our facilities or in respect of electronic documents and data storage and risks related to breaches of applicable privacy laws;
• government regulations regarding public or employee health and safety regulations, including public health measures in the event of pandemics or epidemics;
• regulatory or agency proceedings, investigations and audits;
• additional capital requirements to support our operations and growth plans, leading to further dilution to shareholders;
• the terms of additional capital raises;
• conflicts of interest;
• litigation;
• risks related to United States' and other international activities, including regional conflicts that may impact our operations;
• risks related to security clearances;
• risks relating to the ownership of our securities, such as potential extreme volatility in the price of our securities;
• risks related to our foreign private issuer status;
• risks related to our emerging growth status; and
• risks related to our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq").

Although the forward-looking statements contained herein are based upon what we believe are reasonable assumptions, investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on this information since actual results may vary from the forward-looking statements. Certain assumptions were made in preparing the forward-looking statements concerning availability of capital resources, business performance, market conditions and customer demand.

Consequently, all the forward-looking statements contained herein are qualified by the foregoing cautionary statements, and there can be no guarantee that the results or developments that we anticipate will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences or effects on our business, financial condition or results of operation. Unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise indicates, the forward-looking statements contained herein are provided as of the date hereof, and we do not undertake to update or amend such forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by applicable law.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Corporate Information

We are a Canadian corporation incorporated on November 28, 2017, under the laws of the Province of British Columbia. Our registered office is located at 550 Burrard Street, Suite 2900, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and our corporate office is located at Unit 1, 155 Terrence Matthews Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. We have representative offices in the following foreign locations: Washington DC (United States), London (United Kingdom), and Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates).

KWESST Micro Systems Inc. is an early-stage technology company that develops and commercializes next-generation tactical systems for military and security forces and public safety markets.

Our product development has focused on three niche market segments as follows:

Our core mission is to protect and save lives.  At Fiscal Year-End 2023, we began to group our offerings for commercialization purposes into Military and Public Safety missions, as shown on our web site at www.kwesst.com

KWESST's Military offerings are comprised of:

• Digitization: real-time data sharing at the tactical level, including integration with Battlefield Management Applications (BMS) including ATAK and TAK.
• Digitized firing platforms ("Digital Fires" or "Joint Fires").
• Battlefield Laser Detection Systems ("BLDS").
• Digitized Electro Magnetic Spectrum Operations ("EMSO").

KWESST's Public Safety offerings are comprised of:

• KWESST Lightning:  leverages the Company's military digitization technology to provide responders to any type of incident with instant onboarding to the mission and TAK-enabled real-time situational awareness software as a service (SaaS).

• Non-Lethal Munitions Systems

• PARA OPSTM, a next-generation non-lethal system just being introduced to market now.
• ARWENTM 37mm system, plus a new 40mm munition.

Strategy

Our strategy is to pursue and win large defense contracts for multi-year revenue visibility with prime defense contractors for next-generation situational awareness, with a particular focus on ATAK applications that can be leveraged to address similar requirements in the Public Safety Market complemented by our proprietary ARWEN and PARA OPSTM  non-lethal products, where it is possible to drive sales and where the sales cycle is typically shorter than the more programmatic defense market. 

Major Highlights - Quarter ended March 31, 2024 ("Q2 Fiscal 2024")

The following is a summary of the major highlights that occurred during the quarter ended Q2 Fiscal 2024:

• On February 2, we announced that Dave Ibbetson, former General Manager of General Dynamics C4 Systems International, and General Dynamics Mission Systems International ("GDMS") has been engaged as a Strategic Defence Advisor.

• On February 5, we announced highlights from the Company's attendance at SHOT Show 2024.  This included many law enforcement agencies at the federal, state and local level, plus foreign distributors from Europe, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East, specifically seeking out the Company to view the new products.  The Company has started receiving initial small quantity orders for test and evaluation of its 40mm baton ammunition as well as requests from various agencies for live demonstrations of the PARA OPSTM products. 

• On February 12, we announced that we were invited to demonstrate and brief on our public safety products at an international gathering of special intervention units, which was held overseas in April 2024. We have also been demonstrating and briefing on our new PARA OPS non-lethal system, our new 40mm ARWEN cartridge for riot control and tactical teams and our new Lightning and T-SAS systems for sharing situational awareness among responders and commanders to various police agencies in North America.

• On February 28, we announced the signing of a binding letter of intent with O'Dell Engineering Ltd., in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, for the sale and distribution of PARA OPS products in Canada for the civilian market.

• On March 8, we announced that the Company has been awarded a contract by the Ontario Provincial Police ("OPP") to deliver training and certification to the force's lead Team Awareness Kit (TAK) users and trainers.

• On March 12, we reported on the Company's demonstrations of PARA OPSTM to Southern California law enforcement agencies at their request following demonstrations at SHOT Show 2024 in Las Vegas in January.

The following is a summary of major highlights that occurred since Q2 Fiscal 2024:

• On April 3, we announced that the Company intends to offer to sell common shares (and/or pre-funded warrants ("Pre-funded Warrants") in lieu thereof) in an underwritten United States public offering.

• On April 4, we announced the pricing of its underwritten public offering of 1,538,500 common shares (or pre-funded warrants ("Pre-funded Warrants") in lieu thereof) at a public offering price of $0.65 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $1,000,000, before deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses.

• On April 9, we announced the closing of the previously announced underwritten public offering of 735,000 common shares and 803,500 pre-funded warrants with an exercise price of $0.001 ("Pre-funded Warrants") at a public offering price of US$0.65 per share and US$0.649 per Pre-funded Warrant, less the underwriting discount.

• On April 30, we provided a corporate update ahead of our fiscal Q2 result, highlighting status of our military digitization contracts through 2028, an MOU signed with the University of Ottawa to hire software coding graduates, work with a large Canadian police agency as first adopter of KWESST LightningTM in advance of full market release, ARWEN scaling to multiples of historical revenue and, major agencies continue evaluations of PARA OPS.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following selected financial data has been extracted from Q2 Fiscal 2024 FS.

(1) EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are non-IFRS measures. See "Non-IFRS Measures". See below for "Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Measure".

In the following table, we have reconciled EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to the most comparable IFRS financial measure.

Current Quarter Variance Analysis (Q2 Fiscal 2024 vs. Q2 Fiscal 2023)

For Q2 and YTD Fiscal 2024, KWESST's net loss was $3.5 million and $3.9 million, respectively. Q2 and YTD Fiscal 2024 adjusted EBITDA loss was $2.5 million and $4.6 million, respectively, a decrease of 9% and increase of 14%, respectively over the comparable prior period mainly due to increased operating expenses driven by increased research and development costs, personnel costs, and professional fees, offset by an increase in revenue from our digitization contracts as well as a reduction in investor relations costs and marketing related travel and conference costs compared to the prior periods. The adjustments to EBITDA loss for Q2 and YTD Fiscal 2024 included the change in fair value of derivative liabilities. Due to the lower volume of stock-based grants in the last 12 months, compared to same prior period, this has resulted in a reduction in stock-based compensation expense in the current quarter and YTD compared to Q2 Fiscal 2023. The higher net finance costs and share issuance costs for Q2 2024 over the comparable prior period is due to increased lease obligations and the settlement of prior period related share issuance costs. The lower net finance costs and share issuance costs YTD Fiscal 2024 over the comparable prior period is mainly due to the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering in Fiscal 2023 year-to-date.

Revenue

Total revenue increased by $0.3 million in the second quarter compared to Q2 Fiscal 2023, mainly due to an additional $0.2 million generated from our digitization business line and $0.1 million from our non-lethal business line (driven from the sale of ARWEN products). Sales of ARWEN products for Q2 Fiscal 2024 were $205K, just shy of the anticipated $226K sales previously announced in our March 21, 2024 press release, as we worked through the backlog of orders.

Total revenue increased by $0.1 million in YTD Fiscal 2024 compared to YTD Fiscal 2023, mainly due to an additional $0.1 million generated from our digitization business line. At the six-month period ended March 31, 2024, we had sales from our non-lethal business line (driven from the sale of ARWEN products) of $240K, an increase of $27K from the same prior period.

We expect revenue to increase with the launch of KWESST LightningTM. We also expect revenue to increase from expected demand/future orders for the new ARWEN 40mm ammunition and PARA OPS products. With respect to our DSEF contract, it was announced in Q2 2024 that the Canadian Government contracts have suspended the acceptance of new submissions of employees, potentially delaying the onboard of three of the seven candidates already submitted and deferring acceptance of submissions for the remaining four candidates. KWESST is working with its JV partners and DND customer to address questions related to the recent announcement to assess and mitigate the impact this may have on short-term business outcomes. The Company does not yet know the impact to its overall potential revenue over the remaining life of the contract.

Gross Profit

In Q2 Fiscal 2024, the gross profit was $0.2 million, compared to a negligible amount in the same period in 2023. For YTD Fiscal 2024, we earned $0.2 million or gross margin of 30%, compared to $0.2 million or gross margin of 44% in the same period in 2023.

In Fiscal 2024, indirect costs associated with the ramp up of the Canadian Government contracts in Q1 resulted in lower gross margin as compared to the same period in 2023. We expect gross profit / margin to continue to increase during Fiscal 2024 from the other product lines described above.

Operating Expenses ("OPEX")

Total OPEX remained consistent with the comparable prior period in the three months ended March 31, 2024, though increased G&A and research and development costs were offset by a decrease of sales and marketing costs in Q2 Fiscal 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily for the same reasons as noted below in the YTD 2024 comparison.

Total OPEX was $5.6 million for YTD Fiscal 2024 compared to $4.8 million in YTD Fiscal 2023, an increase of $ 0.8 million over the comparable prior year due to the following factors:

• G&A increased by $0.7 million, primarily due to the amortization of the LEC intangible in Fiscal 2024 ($0.5 million), an increase in senior management and directors compensation to be in line with market and additional personnel as compared to Fiscal 2023 ($0.1 million), as well as an increase in legal fees, offset by a decrease in audit fees for a net increase in professional fees as compared to Fiscal 2023 ($0.1 million).

• S&M decreased by $0.7 million, primarily due to a decrease in investor relations costs and related sales and marketing costs ($0.9 million), a decrease in business development costs ($0.3 million), offset by an increase in consulting fees ($0.3 million) and personnel costs ($0.2 million) in Fiscal 2024 as compared to Fiscal 2023.

• R&D increased by $0.8 million, primarily due to the fact that the LEC has reached commercial feasibility, and any associated costs are no longer being capitalized, while it was still in the development stage in Fiscal 2023 ($0.5 million), coupled with R&D costs related to the advancement of the BLDS project in Fiscal 2024, whereas it was in the development stage in Fiscal 2023 ($0.1 million), and increase in personnel costs in Fiscal 2024 compared to the same prior period ($0.1 million).

Other income (expenses), net

For Q2 Fiscal 2024, our total other expense was $0.6 million, compared to total other income of $1.9 million in Q2 Fiscal 2023. This change in other income (expenses) net is mainly due to the same reason noted below for YTD Fiscal 2024.

For YTD 2024, our total other income was $1.5 million, compared to total other income of $1.2 million for the same period 2023.  The change in other income (expenses) was driven mainly by:

• $1.3 million in Share Offering Costs related to the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering in Fiscal 2023, whereas there were no such offerings in Fiscal 2024;

• $0.5 million decrease in net finance costs is primarily due to the Fiscal 2023 recognition of the remaining unamortized accretion costs and interest expense relating to the repayment of all outstanding loans, following the closing of the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering;

• $0.2 million increase in foreign exchange gain due to appreciation in the U.S. currency during the period; offset by

• $1.7 million unfavorable change in fair value of warrant liabilities as a result of the remeasurement of the warrant liabilities at March 31, 2024, driven by a decrease in the underlying common share price on March 31, 2024. Under IFRS, we are required to remeasure the warrant liabilities at each reporting date until they are exercised or expired. 

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS

The following tables summarize selected results for the eight most recent completed quarters to March 31, 20224 (unaudited):

Note: due to preparing the table in thousands, there may be rounding differences.

Quarterly Results Trend Analysis

There is no material change to our quarterly results trend from our disclosure in our annual MD&A dated January 17, 2024, except that we expect further volatility with our quarterly revenue during Fiscal 2024 due to the suspension of new candidate submissions with our ongoing DSEF contract, as well as ramp up of new military contracts as we launch PARA OPS. Additionally, we expect further volatility with our quarterly net loss due to the remeasurement of warrant liabilities at each reporting period, with the change in fair value recorded through P&L.

FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY, AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

FINANCIAL CONDITION

The following table summarizes our financial position:

(1) Working capital is calculated as current assets less current liabilities.

Our working capital was negative $2.2 million at March 31, 2024, a decrease of $2.6 million from September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the net operating loss for YTD Fiscal 2024. Current liabilities include warrant liabilities, a non-cash liability item (see Note 10 of the Q2 Fiscal 2024 financial statements). Excluding warrant liabilities, we would have positive working capital. These warrant liabilities will be extinguished when the warrants are exercised or expired. If exercised, the proceeds will provide us with additional capital to fund our future working capital requirements. There is no assurance that any warrants will be exercised.

Total assets decreased by $5.2 million from September 30, 2023, mainly due to a decrease in cash of $5.1 million and a decrease in the unamortized value of non-current assets of $0.5 million.

Total liabilities decreased by $2 million from September 30, 2023, mainly due a decrease in the warrant liabilities of $2.1 million, offset by an increase in trade payables and accrued liabilities of $0.1 million due to the timing of payments to suppliers.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Available Liquidity

Our approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, to the extent possible, that we always have sufficient liquidity to meet our liabilities as they come due. We regularly perform cash flow forecasts to ensure that we have sufficient cash to meet our operational needs while maintaining sufficient liquidity. At this time, we do not use any derivative financial instruments to hedge our currency risk.

On July 21, 2023, we closed the Private Placement pursuant to which we received aggregate gross proceeds of USD$5.59 million (or CAD$7.4 million), before underwriting and offering costs (refer to the annual MD&A dated January 17, 2024 for further details including our expected use of proceeds). On December 9, 2022, we closed both the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering pursuant to which we received aggregate gross proceeds of USD$14.1 million (or CAD$19.4 million), before underwriting and offering costs (refer to the annual MD&A dated January 17, 2024 for further details including our expected use of proceeds).

At March 31, 2024, our cash position was $0.2 million, a decrease of $5.1 million since September 30, 2023 primarily due to cash used in operations of $5 million.

As an early-stage company, we have not yet reached commercial production for most of our other products and have incurred significant losses and negative operating cash flows from inception that have primarily been funded from financing activities. Our ability to continue as a going concern and realize our assets and discharge our liabilities in the normal course of business is dependent upon closing timely additional sales orders, timely commercial launch of new products, and the ability to raise additional debt or equity financing, when required. There are various risks and uncertainties affecting our future financial position and our performance. However, we may require additional capital in the event we fail to implement our business plan, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and/or financial performance. There is no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital as they are required in the future. Potential sources of capital may include additional equity and/or debt financings. In our view, the availability of capital will be affected by, among other things, capital market conditions, the success of our PARA OPS system commercialization efforts, timing for winning new customer contracts, potential acquisitions, and other relevant considerations (see Risk Factors). In the event we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our existing shareholders will likely experience dilution, and any additional incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operational and financial covenants that could further restrict our operations. Any failure to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us or at all may require us to significantly change or curtail our current or planned operations in order to conserve cash until such time, if ever, that sufficient proceeds from operations are generated, and could result in us not being in a position to advance our commercialization strategy or take advantage of business opportunities.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our consolidated statements of cash flows for the respective periods:

Cash used by operating activities

Cash flow used in operating activities decreased by $4.2 million to $5 million for the six months ended March 31, 2024 primarily due to payments on overdue payables as well as unpaid voluntary deferred wages, consulting fees, and bonuses in Fiscal 2023 after the close of the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering in December 2022, coupled with significant prepaid expenses during the six months ended March 31, 2023 including retention bonus for our head of PARA OPS (refundable in the event he voluntarily terminates prior to a specified date as set by us), compared to regular operating activities in Fiscal 2024, with no significant transactions.

Cash used by investing activities

Cash flow used in investing activities was less than $0.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $0.8 million mainly due to the Fiscal 2023 additional investment in the product development of our PARA OPS, coupled with additional low-rate initial production equipment for PARA OPS, whereas there were no significant investments in equipment in Fiscal 2024.

Cash (used) provided by financing activities

Cash flow used by financing activities was less than $0.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2024, compared to cash flow provided by financing activities of $13.7 million in Fiscal 2023 primarily due to net proceeds generated from the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering, partially offset by repayment of all outstanding borrowings during the Fiscal 2023 period to date.

Capital Resources

Our objective in managing our capital is to safeguard our ability to continue as a going concern and to sustain future development of the business. Our senior management is responsible for managing the capital through regular review of financial information to ensure sufficient resources are available to meet operating requirements and investments to support its growth strategy. Our Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing this process. From time to time, we could issue new common shares or debt to maintain or adjust our capital structure. We are not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.

Our primary sources of capital to date have been borrowings, security offerings, exercise of stock options and warrants, and, to a lesser extent, pre-commercial revenue.  The following is a breakdown of our capital:

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

At March 31, 2024, our contractual obligations and commitments were as follows:

Shares Outstanding

At March 31, 2024, our authorized capital consists of an unlimited number of Common Shares with no stated par value.

The following table shows the outstanding Common Shares and dilutive securities at March 31, 2024:

(1) Represents the number of shares to be issued upon exercise.

U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering

On December 9, 2022, we closed an underwritten U.S. public offering (the "U.S. IPO") and an underwritten Canadian offering (the "Canadian Offering"). In the U.S. IPO, we sold 2.5 million units at a public offering price of US$4.13 per unit (the "Unit"), consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock ("Warrant"). The Warrants have a per share exercise price of US$5.00, can be exercised immediately, and expire five years from the date of issuance. In connection with the closing of the U.S. IPO, the underwriter partially exercised its over-allotment option to purchase an additional 199,000 pre-funded common share purchase warrants and 375,000 warrants to purchase Common Shares. All these warrants will expire on December 8, 2027.

In the Canadian Offering, we sold 726,392 units, each consisting of one Common Share and one warrant to purchase one Common Share, at a price to the public of US$4.13 per unit. The warrants will have a per Common Share exercise price of US$5.00, are exercisable immediately and expire five years from the date of issuance.

The closing of the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering resulted in aggregate gross proceeds of US$14.1 million (CAD $19.4 million).  After underwriting discounts and offering expenses, the net proceeds were US$11.2 million (CAD $15.2 million).  See Note 11(a) of Q2 Fiscal 2024 FS for further details.

For the estimated use of proceeds from the U.S. IPO and Canadian Offering, refer to our annual MD&A for Fiscal 2023 dated January 17, 2024.

Shares for Debt Settlement

On December 13, 2022, we issued 56,141 Units to settle $12,000 of the March 2022 loans and USD$223,321 of the August 2022 loans, including unpaid accrued interest and 10% premium at maturity.  See Note 11(a) of the Q2 Fiscal 2024 financial statements for further details.

On January 10, 2024, we issued 46,709 common shares in a settlement of debt in an amount of approximately $97,615. See Note 11(a) of the Q2 Fiscal 2024 financial statements for further details.

Private Placement

On July 21, 2023, we closed a brokered private placement, resulting in the issuance of 1,542,194 common shares of KWESST, for aggregate gross proceeds of USD$5,588,397 (approximately CAD$7.4M) (the "July 2023 Offering").

As a part of the July 2023 Offering, the Company issued 1,542,194 common shares at a price of US$2.26 (CAD$2.98) per common share (each a "Common Share") and 930,548 pre-funded warrants at a price of US$2.259 (CAD$2.979) per pre-funded warrant (each a "Pre-funded Warrant"), with each Common Share and Pre-funded Warrant being bundled with one common share purchase warrant of the Company (each a "Common Warrant"). Each Pre-Funded Warrant entitles the holder to acquire one Common Share at an exercise price of US$0.001 per Common Share, and each Common Warrant is immediately exercisable and entitles the holder to acquire one Common Share at an exercise price of US$2.66 (CAD$3.50) per Common Share for a period of 60 months following the closing of the July 2023 Offering. Although the Common Shares and Pre-funded Warrants are each bundled with a Common Warrant, each security is issued separately. See Note 11(a) of Q2 Fiscal 2024 FS for further details.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our results of operations, financial condition, revenues or expenses, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Refer to Note 8 of the Q2 Fiscal 2024 financial statements for disclosure about KWESST's related party transactions conducted in the normal course of business.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS

We recognize financial assets and liabilities when we become party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. On initial recognition, financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value plus transaction costs directly attributable to the financial assets and liabilities, except for financial assets or liabilities at fair value through profit and loss, whereby the transactions costs are expensed as incurred.

Refer to Note 15 of the Q2 Fiscal 2024 financial statements for further disclosure our financial instruments.

Refer to Note 2(f) of the Fiscal 2023 audited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the accounting policies and estimates that are critical to the understanding of our business operations and the results of our operations.

OUTSTANDING SHARE INFORMATION

At March 31, 2024, KWESST's authorized capital consists of an unlimited number of common shares with no stated par value. There were 6,049,204 outstanding and issued common shares as at March 31, 2024.

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On April 9, 2024, we announced the closing of the Company's underwritten public offering of 735,000 common shares and 803,500 pre-funded warrants with an exercise price of $0.001 ("Pre-funded Warrants") at a public offering price of US$0.65 per share and US$0.649 per Pre-funded Warrant, less the underwriting discount. The gross proceeds from the offering, before deducting the underwriting discount of US$0.04875 per common share (being an aggregate of US$75,002 or 7.5% of the public offering price of the securities) and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately US$1,000,000. In addition, the Company issued to the underwriter as compensation for its services 76,925 common share purchase warrants with an exercise price of US$0.8125 per share.

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES AND INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

As required by National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers Annual and Interim Filings and Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), as amended, we have evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including out Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the design of our disclosure controls and procedures ("DC&P") (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the quarter.  These DC&P are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be publicly disclosed is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis.

Based upon the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2024 at the reasonable assurance level due to the material weaknesses described below under "Management's Assessment on Internal controls over Financial Reporting". As a result of the material weaknesses identified, we performed additional analysis and other post-closing procedures. Notwithstanding these material weaknesses, management has concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as at March 31, 2024 in conformance with GAAP.

Management's Assessment on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

In accordance with National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuer's Annual and Interim Filings and as required by Rule 13a-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), as amended, management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting ("ICFR"), The Company's management, including the CEO and CFO, and designed ICFR based on the 2013 Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the "COSO Framework") to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS.

Internal Controls over Financial Reporting ("ICFR")

ICFR is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. ICFR has inherent limitations. ICFR is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgement and breakdowns resulting from human failures. ICFR also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by ICFR. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

As at March 31, 2024, management assessed the design of our ICFR and concluded that our ICFR includes material weaknesses, described below.  These material weaknesses create a reasonable possibility that material misstatements in interim or annual financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. To compensate for this material weakness, management continues to perform additional account reconciliations and other analytical and substantive procedures to ensure reliable financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS. The material weakness will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

Management, under the supervision, and with the participation, of our CEO and CFO and oversight of the Board of Directors, evaluated the effectiveness of our ICFR as at September 30, 2023 and evaluated the design at March 31, 2024 against the COSO Framework. Based on these evaluations, Management concluded that material weaknesses existed as of March 31, 2024, as described below, and due to these material weaknesses, ICFR is not effective as of March 31, 2024.

Ineffective control environment: The Company did not have an effective control environment due to the lack of a sufficient complement of fully trained personnel in financial reporting, accounting and IT with assigned responsibility and accountability related to ICFR. This material weakness contributed to the other material weaknesses below.

Spreadsheet Controls: The Company did not implement and maintain effective controls surrounding certain spreadsheets. Spreadsheets are inherently prone to error due to the manual nature, which increases the risk of human error. The Company's controls related to complex spreadsheets did not address all identified risks associated with manual data entry, review of inputs into management assumptions and estimates, completeness of data entry, and the accuracy of mathematical formulas, impacting complex spreadsheets used in revenue, inventory, impairment and financial closing processes.

IT General Controls: The Company had an aggregation of deficiencies within its IT general controls across multiple systems, including deficiencies related to segregation of duties, user access and change management. As a result, the Company concluded that its process-level automated and manual controls in the areas of journal entries and financial reporting that are dependent on IT general controls, information, and data derived from affected IT systems were also ineffective because they could have been adversely impacted.

Management Review Controls: The Company did not consistently have documented evidence of management review controls and did not always maintain segregation of duties between preparing and reviewing analyses and reconciliations with respect to revenue, inventory, purchasing, and financial closing.

Changes to Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

In fiscal 2023 and Q2 2024 to date, the Company underwent a series of changes that materially affected areas reasonably likely to continue to materially affect the Company's internal controls over financial reporting ("ICFR"). Management has continued efforts to develop and enhance the performance of ICFR. The addition of additional qualified finance and HR staff as well as the appointment of its CFO and CEO who are both experienced and qualified CPAs, will have a positive effect on the Company's ability to remediate its internal control deficiencies.

Remediation Plan

Late in the second half of fiscal year 2023, and subsequent to the fiscal year-end 2023, the Company strengthened its ability to remediate the above noted material weaknesses with the addition of:

- Additional qualified finance and HR staff;

- Addition of qualified CPAs in both the CFO and CEO roles;

- Engagement of an external IT consultant and reorganizing accountability for IT general controls within the Company's management team with a qualified internal leader.

These measures have made improvements to the deficiencies that aggregate to form the material weaknesses identified above. Management, with oversight from the Audit Committee will continue to implement remediation measures related to the identified material weaknesses with a focus on enhancing business processes and controls as the company continues to mature. Management will additionally:

- Review its IT strategy and investigating ways to improve key software applications and investigating ways to improve key software applications.

- Review key business processes and controls to determine where further system reliance can potentially mitigate the use of complex spreadsheets, improve segregation of duties, and reduce reliance on manual management review controls.

- Improve control tools and templates to aide with the sufficient and consistent documentation of review controls and procedures.

We believe these measures, and others that may be implemented, will remediate the material weaknesses in ICFR described above.

FORM 52-109F2

CERTIFICATION OF INTERIM FILINGS

FULL CERTIFICATE

I, Sean Homuth, Chief Executive Officer of KWESST Micro Systems Inc., certify the following:

1. Review: I have reviewed the interim financial report and interim MD&A (together, the "interim filings") of KWESST Micro Systems Inc. (the "issuer") for the financial quarter ended March 31, 2024.

2. No misrepresentations: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings.

3. Fair presentation: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report together with the other financial information included in the interim filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and for the periods presented in the interim filings.

4. Responsibility: The issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are defined in National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers' Annual and Interim Filings, for the issuer.

5. Design: Subject to the limitations, if any, described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I have, as at the end of the period covered by the interim filings

(a) designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that

(i) material information relating to the issuer is made known to us by others, particularly during the period in which the interim filings are being prepared; and

(ii) information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by it under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and

(b) designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the issuer's GAAP.

5.1 Control framework: The control framework the issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I used to design the issuer's ICFR is the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (COSO Framework 2013) published by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

5.2 ICFR - material weakness relating to design: The issuer has disclosed in its interim MD&A for each material weakness relating to design existing at the end of the interim period:

(a) a description of the material weakness;

(b) the impact of the material weakness on the issuer's financial reporting and its ICFR; and

(c) the issuer's current plans, if any, or any actions already undertaken, for remediating the material weakness.

-2-

5.3 Limitation on scope of design: N/A

6. Reporting changes in ICFR: The issuer has disclosed in its interim MD&A any change in the issuer's ICFR that occurred during the period ended March 31, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer's ICFR.

Date: May 14, 2024

/s/ Sean Homuth
___________________________

Sean Homuth

Chief Executive Officer

FORM 52-109F2

CERTIFICATION OF INTERIM FILINGS

FULL CERTIFICATE

I, Kris Denis, interim Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of KWESST Micro Systems Inc., certify the following:

1. Review: I have reviewed the interim financial report and interim MD&A (together, the "interim filings") of KWESST Micro Systems Inc. (the "issuer") for the financial quarter ended March 31, 2024.

2. No misrepresentations: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings.

3. Fair presentation: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report together with the other financial information included in the interim filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and for the periods presented in the interim filings.

4. Responsibility: The issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are defined in National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers' Annual and Interim Filings, for the issuer.

5. Design: Subject to the limitations, if any, described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I have, as at the end of the period covered by the interim filings

(a) designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that

(i) material information relating to the issuer is made known to us by others, particularly during the period in which the interim filings are being prepared; and

(ii) information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by it under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and

(b) designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the issuer's GAAP.

5.1 Control framework: The control framework the issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I used to design the issuer's ICFR is the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (COSO Framework 2013) published by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

5.2 ICFR - material weakness relating to design: The issuer has disclosed in its interim MD&A for each material weakness relating to design existing at the end of the interim period:

(a) a description of the material weakness;

(b) the impact of the material weakness on the issuer's financial reporting and its ICFR; and

(c) the issuer's current plans, if any, or any actions already undertaken, for remediating the material weakness.

-2-

5.3 Limitation on scope of design: N/A

6. Reporting changes in ICFR: The issuer has disclosed in its interim MD&A any change in the issuer's ICFR that occurred during the period ended March 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer's ICFR.

Date: May 14, 2024

/s/ Kris Denis
____________________________________

Kris Denis

Interim CFO and Chief Compliance Officer