株探米国株
英語
エドガーで原本を確認する
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File Number: 001-15369
WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 68-0070656
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (IRS Employer Identification No.)
4700 Lyons Technology Parkway Coconut Creek Florida 33073
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (561) 349-9989
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbol Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share WLFC Nasdaq Global Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.   Yes ☐  No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.   Yes ☐  No  ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes ☒  No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes ☒  No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer
Accelerated Filer
Non-Accelerated Filer
Smaller Reporting Company
Emerging Growth Company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2024) was approximately $240.2 million (based on a closing sale price of $69.30 per share as reported on the NASDAQ Stock Market).
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of March 7, 2025 was 6,606,390.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.


WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION
2024 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2

PART I

ITEM 1.     BUSINESS

INTRODUCTION

Willis Lease Finance Corporation with its subsidiaries (“WLFC” or the “Company”) is a leading lessor and servicer of commercial aircraft and aircraft engines. Our principal business objective is to build value for our shareholders by acquiring commercial aircraft and engines and managing those assets in order to provide a return on investment, primarily through lease rent and maintenance reserve revenues, as well as through management fees earned for managing assets owned by other parties. As of December 31, 2024, we had $2,635.9 million of equipment held in our operating lease portfolio, $183.6 million of notes receivable, $31.1 million of maintenance rights, and $21.6 million of investments in sales-type leases, which represented 354 engines, 16 aircraft, one marine vessel and other leased parts and equipment with 70 lessees in 37 countries. In addition to our owned portfolio, as of December 31, 2024, we managed a total lease portfolio of 277 engines, aircraft and related equipment for other parties.

Willis Aeronautical Services, Inc. (“Willis Aero”) is a wholly-owned and vertically-integrated subsidiary whose primary focus is the sale of aircraft engine parts and materials through the acquisition or consignment of aircraft and engines.

Willis Asset Management Limited (“Willis Asset Management”) is a wholly-owned and vertically-integrated subsidiary whose primary focus is the engine management and consulting business. Willis Asset Management had 225 engines, excluding WLFC engines, under management as of December 31, 2024.

We are a Delaware corporation, incorporated in 1998. Our executive offices are located at 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway, Coconut Creek, Florida 33073. We transact business directly and through our subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities (“VIE”) unless otherwise indicated.

We maintain a website at www.wlfc.global where our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports are available without charge, as soon as reasonably practicable following the time we electronically file them with, or furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC also maintains an electronic Internet site that contains our reports, proxies and information statements, and other information that we file or furnish at http://www.sec.gov. References to our and the SEC’s website do not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on those websites and should not be considered part of this document.

We separate our business into two reportable segments, Leasing and Related Operations and Spare Parts Sales. Our business activities by reportable segment are described below.

Leasing and Related Operations

Our strategy is to lease aircraft and aircraft engines and provide related services to a diversified group of commercial aircraft operators and maintenance, repair and overhaul organizations (“MROs”) worldwide. Commercial aircraft operators need engines in addition to those installed on the aircraft that they operate. Spare engines are required to support fleet operation during the highly regulated maintenance cycle of aircraft engines. Furthermore, unscheduled events such as mechanical failure, Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) airworthiness directives, or manufacturer-recommended actions for maintenance, repair and overhaul of engines result in the need for spare engines.

Our engine portfolio primarily consists of noise-compliant Stage IV commercial jet engines manufactured by CFMI, General Electric, Pratt & Whitney, Rolls Royce, and International Aero Engines. These engines generally may be used on one or more aircraft types and are the most widely used engines in the world, powering Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, and Embraer aircraft.

We acquire engines for our leasing portfolio in a number of ways. We enter into sale and lease back transactions with operators of aircraft, original equipment manufacturers of engines, and MROs. We also purchase both new and used engines that are subject to a lease when purchased and on a speculative basis (i.e., without a lease attached from manufacturers or other parties which own such engines).

Total revenues from our Leasing and Related Operations reportable segment was 95.4% and 95.1% of the respective total consolidated revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

3

At December 31, 2024, approximately 66.3% of our on-lease engines, aircraft, and related equipment (all of which we sometimes refer to as “equipment”) by net book value are leased and operated internationally. Substantially all leases relating to this equipment are denominated and payable in United States (“U.S.”) dollars, which is customary in the industry. Future leases may provide for payments to be made in other foreign currencies. In 2024, we leased our equipment to lessees domiciled in eight geographic regions or countries.

Spare Parts Sales

Our wholly-owned and vertically-integrated subsidiary Willis Aero primarily engages in the sale of aircraft engine parts and materials through the acquisition or consignment of engines from third parties or from the leasing portfolio. This business segment enables us to provide end-of-life solutions for the growing supply of surplus aircraft and engines, as well as manage the full life cycle of our lease assets, enhance the returns on our engine portfolio, and create incremental value for our shareholders.

INDUSTRY BACKGROUND - THE DEMAND FOR LEASED AIRCRAFT ENGINES

Historically, commercial aircraft operators owned rather than leased their spare engines. As engines become more powerful and technically sophisticated, they have also become more expensive to acquire and maintain. In part due to cash constraints on commercial aircraft operators and the costs associated with engine ownership, commercial aircraft operators have become more cost-conscious and now utilize operating leases for a portion of their spare engines. Engine leasing is a specialized business that has evolved into a discrete sector of the commercial aviation market. Participants in this sector need access to capital, as well as specialized technical knowledge, in order to compete successfully.

Growth in the spare engine leasing industry is dependent on two fundamental drivers:

•the number of commercial aircraft, and therefore engines, in the market; and
•the proportion of engines that are leased, rather than owned, by commercial aircraft operators.

Increased number of aircraft, and therefore engines, in the market

We believe that the number of commercial and cargo aircraft, and hence spare engines, will increase. Boeing projects 3.2% annual growth in the global commercial jet fleet, increasing the current fleet to 50,170 aircraft by 2043. Aircraft equipment manufacturers have predicted such an increase in aircraft to address the rapid growth of both passenger and cargo traffic in the Asian markets, as well as demand for new aircraft in more mature markets.

Increased lease penetration rate

Spare engines provide support for installed engines in the event of routine or other engine maintenance or unscheduled removal. The number of spare engines needed to service any fleet is determined by many factors. These factors include:

•the number and type of aircraft in an aircraft operator’s fleet;
•the geographic scope of such aircraft operator’s destinations;
•the time an engine is on-wing between removals;
•average shop visit time; and
•the number of spare engines an aircraft operator requires in order to ensure coverage for predicted and unscheduled removals.

We believe that commercial aircraft operators are increasingly considering their spare engines as significant capital assets, in which operating or finance leases may be more attractive than the outright ownership of spare engines. Industry analysts have forecasted that the percentage of leased engines is likely to increase over the next 15 years as engine leasing follows the growth of aircraft leasing. We believe this is due to the increasing cost of newer engines, the anticipated modernization of the worldwide aircraft fleet and the significant cost associated therewith, and the emergence of new niche-focused airlines which generally use leasing in order to obtain their capital assets.

ENGINE LEASING

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As of December 31, 2024, the majority of our leases to air carriers, manufacturers and MROs were operating leases with the exception of certain failed sale-leaseback transactions classified as notes receivable under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842 and investments in sales-type leases. Under operating leases, we retain the potential benefit and assume the risk of the residual value of the equipment, in contrast to finance leases in which the lessee has more of the potential benefits and risks of ownership. Operating leases allow commercial aircraft operators greater fleet and financial flexibility due to the relatively small initial capital outlay necessary to obtain use of the aircraft equipment and the availability of short-term and long-term leases to better meet their needs. Operating lease rates are generally higher than finance lease rates, in part because of the lessor retained residual value risk.

We describe our leases as “triple-net” operating leases. A triple-net operating lease requires the lessee to make the full lease payment and pay any other expenses associated with the use of the engines, such as maintenance, casualty and liability insurance, sales or use taxes and personal property taxes. The leases contain detailed provisions specifying the lessees’ responsibility for engine damage, maintenance standards, and the required condition of the engine upon return at the end of the lease. During the term of the lease, we require the lessee to maintain the engine in accordance with an approved maintenance program designed to meet applicable regulatory requirements in the jurisdictions in which the lessee operates.

We enter into both long-term and short-term leases which typically provide for monthly payment. Long-term leases typically have original lease terms in excess of one year. Characteristics of a long-term lease also include specified return conditions. Return conditions can be met by the customer through a maintenance overhaul in advance of asset return or a cash settlement at lease end resulting in maintenance revenue to the Company at that time. Maintenance reserves, also referred to as use fees, are often used for payment of maintenance overhauls in advance of asset returns by the lessee to the Company. Where a cash settlement is agreed upon, it may, in some instances, be taken from maintenance reserves paid by the lessee to the Company throughout the course of the lease. Short-term leases typically have an original lease term of less than one year. Short-term leases also include non-refundable, usage-based maintenance fees, which are billed at contractual rates and recognized as revenue over the term of the leases. Payment terms of our leases are predominantly monthly in advance for rent and in arrears for the expenses associated with the use of the engines. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, 47% and 46%, respectively, of the Company’s leases by net book value were short-term leases.

We try to mitigate risk where possible. For example, we analyze the credit risk associated with a lessee before entering into any significant lease transaction. Our credit analysis generally consists of evaluating the prospective lessee’s financial standing by utilizing financial statements and trade and/or banking references. In certain circumstances, we may require our lessees to provide additional credit support, such as a letter of credit or a guaranty from a bank or a third party or a security deposit. We manage our interest rate risk through maintaining a balance of fixed and floating rate debt which allows us to limit our exposure to interest rate movements while also allowing us to benefit from low short-term interest rates. The Company generally utilizes our credit facility as a warehouse facility, as well as our senior secured warehouse credit facility, to aggregate purchased assets. Historically, when the Company aggregates a critical mass of assets through revolver and warehouse financing, we refinance the assets through the issuance of long-term fixed rate debt through the Asset-Backed Security (“ABS”) and other markets. The maturity profile of the ABS term financings tend to better match the long-life characteristics of our long-life asset base. Furthermore, the Company also manages interest rate exposure through the purchasing of interest rate swaps which immunizes us from short-term rate movements that would influence the cost of our floating rate borrowings. At December 31, 2024 the Company had $1.4 billion of fixed rate financing. We also evaluate insurance and expropriation risk and evaluate and monitor the political and legal climate of the country in which a particular lessee is located in order to determine our ability to repossess our engines should the need arise. Despite these guidelines, we cannot give assurance that we will not experience collection problems or significant losses in the future. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors” below.

At the commencement of a lease, we may collect, in advance, a security deposit normally equal to at least one month’s lease payment. The security deposit is returned to the lessee after all lease return conditions have been met. As mentioned above, under the terms of some of our leases, during the term of the lease, the lessee pays amounts to us based on usage of the engine, which is referred to as maintenance reserves or use fees, which are designed to cover the expected future maintenance costs. For those leases in which the maintenance reserves are reimbursable to the lessee, maintenance reserves are collected and are reimbursed to the lessee when qualifying maintenance is performed. Under longer-term leases, to the extent that cumulative use fee billings are inadequate to fund expenditures required prior to return of the engine to us, the lessee is obligated to cover the shortfall.

During the lease period, our leases require that maintenance and inspection of the leased engines be performed at qualified maintenance facilities certified by the FAA or its foreign equivalent. In addition, when an engine becomes off-lease, it undergoes inspection to verify compliance with lease return conditions. Our management believes that our attention to our lessees and our emphasis on maintenance and inspection helps preserve residual values and generally helps us to recover our investment in our leased engines.

Upon termination of a lease, we will either enter into a new lease, sell, or part out (disassemble and sell the parts separately), the related engines or airframe. The demand for aftermarket engines for either sale or lease may be affected by a number of variables, including:

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•general market conditions;
•regulatory changes (particularly those imposing environmental, maintenance, and other requirements on the operation of engines);
•changes in demand for air travel;
•fuel costs;
•changes in the supply and cost of aircraft equipment; and
•technological developments.

The value of a particular used engine or airframe varies greatly depending upon its condition, the maintenance services performed during the lease term and, as applicable, the number of hours or cycles remaining until the next major maintenance interval. If we are unable to lease or sell engines on favorable terms, our financial results and our ability to service debt may be adversely affected. See “Risk Factors” below.

The value of a particular model of engine is heavily dependent on the status of the types of aircraft on which it can be installed. We believe engine values tend to be stable as long as the host aircraft for the engines and the engines themselves are still being manufactured. Prices tend to remain stable and may even rise after a host aircraft is no longer manufactured as long as there is sufficient remaining demand for the host aircraft in the market. However, the value of an engine begins to decline rapidly once the host aircraft is retired from service and/or parted out in significant numbers. Engine values also may decline because of manufacturing defects that surface subsequent to initial manufacture and deployment.

As of December 31, 2024, we had $2,635.9 million of equipment held in our operating lease portfolio, $183.6 million of notes receivable, $31.1 million of maintenance rights, and $21.6 million of investments in sales-type leases, which represented 354 engines, 16 aircraft, one marine vessel and other leased parts and equipment. As of December 31, 2023, we had $2,112.8 million of equipment held in our operating lease portfolio, $92.6 million of notes receivable, $9.2 million of maintenance rights, and $8.8 million of investments in sales-type leases, which represented 337 engines, 12 aircraft, one marine vessel and other leased parts and equipment.

As of December 31, 2024, minimum future payments under non-cancelable operating leases were as follows:

Year (in thousands)
2025 $ 174,309 
2026 80,143 
2027 46,988 
2028 19,096 
2029 12,059 
Thereafter 17,209 
$ 349,804 

As of December 31, 2024, minimum future payments under non-cancelable notes receivable and investments in sales-type leases were as follows:

Year (in thousands)
2025 $ 51,878 
2026 24,569 
2027 23,543 
2028 22,518 
2029 48,114 
Thereafter 103,781 
Total undiscounted lease receivables 274,403 
Less: interest (69,168)
Total notes receivable and investments in sales-type leases $ 205,235 

As of December 31, 2024, we had 70 lessees of commercial aircraft engines and related equipment, aircraft, and other leased parts and equipment in 37 countries. We believe the loss of any one customer would not have a significant long-term adverse effect on our business. We operate in a global market in which our engines are easily transferable among lessees located in many countries, which stabilizes demand and allows us to recover from a loss of a customer. We provide other engine leasing related services such as engine storage, Part 145 maintenance and aircraft tear down services to our customers as well.
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In 2011 we entered into an agreement with Mitsui & Co., Ltd. to participate in a joint venture formed as a Dublin-based Irish limited company, Willis Mitsui & Company Engine Support Limited (“WMES”), for the purpose of acquiring and leasing jet engines. Each partner holds a 50% interest in the joint venture. WMES owned a lease portfolio of 50 engines with a net book value of $328.9 million as of December 31, 2024. Our investment in the joint venture was $44.8 million as of December 31, 2024.

In 2014 we entered into an agreement with China Aviation Supplies Import & Export Corporation (“CASC”) to participate in a joint venture named CASC Willis Lease Finance Company Limited (“CASC Willis”), a joint venture based in Shanghai, China. Each partner holds a 50% interest in the joint venture. CASC Willis acquires and leases jet engines to Chinese airlines and concentrates on meeting the fast-growing demand for leased commercial aircraft engines and aviation assets in the People’s Republic of China. CASC Willis owned a lease portfolio of four engines with a net book value of $37.3 million as of December 31, 2024. Our investment in the joint venture was $17.9 million as of December 31, 2024. 

AIRCRAFT LEASING

As of December 31, 2024, our operating lease portfolio included six ATR 72-500 aircraft, three Boeing 737-700 aircraft, two A319-100 aircraft, two A320-214 aircraft, one A320-200 aircraft, one A320-232 aircraft, and one A320-233 aircraft, with an aggregate net book value of $161.0 million.

Our aircraft leases are “triple-net” leases, and the lessee is responsible for making the full lease payment and paying any other expenses associated with the use of the aircraft, such as maintenance, casualty and liability insurance, sales or use taxes and personal property taxes. In addition, the lessee is responsible for normal maintenance and repairs, and compliance with return conditions of flight equipment on lease. Under the provisions of many leases, for certain engine and airframe overhauls, we reimburse the lessee for costs incurred up to but not exceeding maintenance reserves the lessee has paid to us. Maintenance reserves are designed to cover the expected maintenance costs. The lessee is also responsible for compliance with all applicable laws and regulations with respect to the aircraft. We require our lessees to comply with FAA requirements. We periodically inspect our leased aircraft. Generally, we require a deposit as security for the lessee’s performance of obligations under the lease and the condition of the aircraft upon return. In addition, the leases contain extensive provisions regarding our remedies and rights in the event of a default by the lessee and specific provisions regarding the condition of the aircraft upon return. The lessee is required to continue to make lease payments under all circumstances, including periods during which the aircraft is not in operation due to maintenance or grounding.

SPARE PARTS SALES

The sale of spare parts is managed by the Company’s wholly-owned and vertically-integrated subsidiary, Willis Aero. Willis Aero primarily engages in the sale of aircraft engine parts and materials that it acquires via acquisition or consignment from third parties or from the leasing portfolio. This business segment enables our Company to provide end-of-life solutions for the growing supply of surplus aircraft and engines, as well as manage the full life cycle of our lease assets, enhance the returns on our engine portfolio, and create incremental value for our shareholders.  As of December 31, 2024, spare parts inventory had a carrying value of $72.2 million.

ASSET MANAGEMENT

Willis Asset Management is a wholly-owned and vertically-integrated subsidiary whose primary focus is the engine management and consulting business. Willis Asset Management had 225 engines, excluding WLFC engines, under management as of December 31, 2024.

COMPETITION

The markets for our products and services are very competitive, and we face competition from a number of sources. These competitors include aircraft engine and aircraft parts manufacturers, aircraft and aircraft engine lessors, airline and aircraft service and repair companies, and aircraft and aircraft engine spare parts distributors. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than us. Those resources may include greater name recognition, larger product lines, complementary lines of business, greater financial, marketing, and information systems, and other resources. In addition, equipment manufacturers, aircraft maintenance providers, FAA certified repair facilities and other aviation aftermarket suppliers may vertically integrate into the markets that we serve, thereby significantly increasing industry competition and negatively impacting the Company. We can give no assurance that competitive pressures will not materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

We compete primarily with aircraft engine manufacturers as well as with other aircraft engine lessors. It is common for commercial aircraft operators and MROs to utilize several leasing companies to meet their aircraft engine needs and to minimize reliance on a single leasing company.

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Our competitors compete with us in many ways, including pricing, technical expertise, lease flexibility, engine availability, supply reliability, customer service, and the quality and condition of engines. Many of our competitors have greater financial resources than we have, or are affiliates of larger companies. We emphasize the quality of our portfolio of aircraft engines, supply reliability, and high level of customer service to our aircraft equipment lessees. We focus on ensuring adequate aircraft engine availability in high-demand locations, dedicate large portions of our organization to building relationships with lessees, maintain close day-to-day coordination with lessees, and have developed an engine pooling arrangement that allows pool members quick access to available spare aircraft engines.

INSURANCE

In addition to requiring full indemnification under the terms of our leases, we require our lessees to carry the types of insurance customary in the air transportation industry, including comprehensive third-party liability insurance and physical damage and casualty insurance. We require that we be named as an additional insured on liability insurance policies with the Company and our lenders normally identified as the loss payee on policies carried by lessees for damage to the leased equipment. We monitor compliance with the insurance provisions of the leases. We also carry contingent physical damage and third-party liability insurance as well as product liability insurance at levels determined to be appropriate by the Company.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

Our customers are subject to a high degree of regulation in the jurisdictions in which they operate. For example, the FAA regulates the manufacture, repair and operation of all aircraft operated in the U.S. and equivalent regulatory agencies in other countries, such as the European Aviation Safety Agency (“EASA”) in Europe, regulate aircraft operated in those countries. Such regulations also indirectly affect our business operations. All aircraft operated in the U.S. must be maintained under a continuous condition-monitoring program and must periodically undergo thorough inspection and maintenance. The inspection, maintenance and repair procedures for commercial aircraft are prescribed by regulatory authorities and can be performed only by certified repair facilities utilizing certified technicians. The FAA can suspend or revoke the authority of air carriers or their licensed personnel for failure to comply with regulations and ground aircraft if their airworthiness is in question.

While our leasing and reselling business is not regulated, the aircraft, engines and related parts that we purchase, lease and sell must be accompanied by documentation that enables the customer to comply with applicable regulatory requirements. Furthermore, before parts may be installed in an aircraft, they must meet certain standards of condition established by the FAA and/or the equivalent regulatory agencies in other countries. Specific regulations vary from country to country, although regulatory requirements in other countries are generally satisfied by compliance with FAA requirements. With respect to a particular engine or engine component, we utilize FAA and/or EASA certified repair stations to repair and certify engines and components to ensure marketability.

Governmental regulations where the related airframe is registered, and where the aircraft is operated, stipulate noise and emissions levels restrictions. For example, jurisdictions throughout the world have adopted noise regulations which require all aircraft to comply with Stage III noise requirements. In addition to the current Stage III compliance requirements, the U.S. and the International Civil Aviation Organization (“ICAO”) have adopted a more stringent set of Stage IV standards for noise levels which apply to engines manufactured or certified from 2006 onward. At this time, the U.S. regulations do not require any phase-out of aircraft that qualify only for Stage III compliance, but the European Union (“EU”) has established a framework for the imposition of operating limitations on non-Stage IV aircraft.

As of December 31, 2024, most of the engines in our lease portfolio are Stage IV engines and are generally suitable for use on one or more commonly used aircraft.

We believe that the aviation industry will be subject to continued regulatory activity. Additionally, increased oversight will continue to originate from the quality assurance departments of airline operators. We have been able to meet all such requirements to date, and are well positioned to meet any additional requirements that may be imposed. We cannot give assurance, however, that new, more stringent government regulations will not be adopted in the future or that any such new regulations, if enacted, would not have a material adverse impact on us.

FINANCING/SOURCE OF FUNDS

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We, directly or through our Willis Engine Structured Trust III, IV, V, VI, and VII (“WEST III,” “WEST IV,” “WEST V,” “WEST VI,” and “WEST VII”) asset-backed securitizations, revolving credit facility, and senior secured warehouse credit facility, typically acquire engines with a combination of equity capital and funds borrowed from financial institutions. In May 2024, Willis Warehouse Facility (“WWFL”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a secured credit agreement for the new senior secured warehouse credit facility. In order to facilitate financing and leasing of engines, most of our engines are generally owned through a statutory or common law trust that is wholly-owned by us or our subsidiaries. We usually borrow up to 85% of an engine’s purchase price. Substantially all of our assets secure our related indebtedness. We typically acquire engines from airlines, engine manufacturers or from other lessors. From time to time, we selectively acquire engines prior to a firm commitment to lease or sell the engine, depending on the price of the engine and market demand with the expectation that we can lease or sell such engines in the future. Additionally, for discrete financing purposes, we may enter into bi-lateral and preferred financing arrangements from time to time.

EMPLOYEES

As of December 31, 2024, we had a total of 447 employees, of which 445 are full-time employees (excluding consultants), in sales and marketing, technical service, and administration. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and we believe our employee relations are satisfactory.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors and other information included in this Annual Report should be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS
Risks Related to Our Operations
We are affected by the risks faced by commercial aircraft operators and MROs because they are our customers.
We operate as a supplier of engines, aircraft and related parts (“aviation equipment”) to commercial aircraft operators and MROs and are indirectly impacted by many of the risks facing commercial aircraft operators and MROs. The ability of each of our lessees to perform their obligations under the relevant lease and the demand to purchase aviation equipment will depend primarily on the lessee’s (or in the case of parts and materials, the purchaser’s) financial condition and cash flow. This may be affected by factors beyond our control, including:
•general economic conditions in the countries in which our customers operate, including changes in gross domestic product;
•demand for air travel and air cargo shipments;
•increased competition;
•the availability of government support, which may be in the form of subsidies, loans (including export/import financing), guarantees, equity investments or otherwise;
•changes in interest rates and the availability and terms of credit available to commercial aircraft operators including covenants in financings, terms imposed by credit card issuers, collateral posting requirements contained in fuel hedging contracts and the ability of airlines and MROs to make or refinance principal payments as they come due;
•geopolitical and other events, including those arising from war, concerns about security, terrorism, war, pandemics and similar public health concerns and political instability; 
•changing political conditions, including risk of rising protectionism and imposition of new trade barriers;
•inclement weather and natural disasters;
•environmental compliance and other regulatory costs, including noise regulations, emissions regulations, climate change initiatives, and aircraft age limitations;
•potential and actual cyberattacks, including information hacking, viruses and malware;
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•labor contracts, labor costs and strikes or stoppages at commercial aircraft operators;
•operating costs, including the price and availability of fuel, maintenance costs, and insurance costs and coverages;
•technological developments;
•airport access and air traffic control infrastructure constraints;
•industry capacity, utilization and general market conditions; and
•market prices for aviation equipment.
To the extent that our customers are negatively affected by these risk factors, we may experience:
•a decrease in demand for some types of aviation equipment in our portfolio;
•greater credit risks from our customers, and a higher incidence of lessee defaults and corresponding repossessions;
•an inability to quickly lease engines and aircraft on commercially acceptable terms when these become available through our purchase commitments and regular lease terminations;
•shorter lease terms, which may increase our expenses and reduce our utilization rates; and
•fewer opportunities to manage aviation equipment for other companies, and/or less profitable terms.
Our operating results vary and comparisons to results for preceding periods may not be meaningful.
Due to a number of factors, including the risks described in this Item 1A, our operating results may fluctuate. These fluctuations may also be caused by:
•the timing and number of purchases and sales of engines or aircraft;
•the timing and amount of maintenance reserve revenues recorded resulting from the termination of long-term leases, for which significant amounts of maintenance reserves may have accumulated;
•the termination or announced termination of production of particular aircraft and engine types;
•the retirement or announced retirement of particular aircraft models by aircraft operators;
•the operating history of any particular engine, aircraft or engine or aircraft model;
•the length of our operating leases; and
•the timing of necessary overhauls of engines and aircraft.
These risks may reduce our utilization rates, lease margins, maintenance reserve revenues, and proceeds from engine and aircraft sales, and result in higher legal, technical, maintenance, storage and insurance costs related to repossession and the cost of engines being off lease. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the availability of engines and aircraft for lease or sale periodically experiences cycles of oversupply and undersupply of given engine or aircraft models. The incidence of an oversupply of engines or aircraft may produce substantial decreases in lease rates and the appraised and resale value of aviation equipment and may increase the time and costs incurred to lease or sell engines.
We anticipate that fluctuations from period to period will continue in the future. As a result, we believe that comparisons to results for preceding periods may not be meaningful and that results of prior periods should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance.
We and our customers operate in a highly regulated industry and changes in laws or regulations may adversely affect our ability to lease or sell our engines or aircraft.
Licenses and consents
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We and our customers operate in a highly regulated industry. A number of our leases require specific governmental or regulatory licenses, consents or approvals. These include consents for certain payments under the leases and for the export, import, or re-export of our engines or aircraft. Failure by our customers or us to obtain certain licenses and approvals could negatively affect our ability to conduct our business. In addition, the shipment of goods, services and technology across international borders subjects the operation of our assets to international trade laws and regulations. Moreover, many countries, including the United States, control the export and reexport of certain goods, services and technology and impose related export recordkeeping and reporting obligations. Consents needed in connection with future leasing or sale of our engines or aircraft may not be received timely or have economically feasible terms. Any of these events could adversely affect our ability to lease or sell engines or aircraft. Governments also may impose economic sanctions against certain countries, persons and other entities that may restrict or prohibit transactions involving such countries, persons and entities. If any such regulations or sanctions affect our customers, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be materially adversely affected.
Civil aviation regulation
Users of engines and aircraft are subject to general civil aviation authorities, including the FAA and the EASA, who regulate the maintenance of engines and issue airworthiness directives. Airworthiness directives typically set forth special maintenance actions or modifications to certain engine and aircraft types or series of specific engines that must be implemented for the engine or aircraft to remain in service. Also, airworthiness directives may require the lessee to make more frequent inspections of an engine, aircraft, or particular engine parts. Each lessee of an engine or aircraft generally is responsible for complying with all airworthiness directives. However, if the engine or aircraft is off lease, we may be forced to bear the cost of compliance with such airworthiness directives, and if the engine or aircraft is leased, subject to the terms of the lease, if any, we may be forced to share the cost of compliance.
Environmental regulation
Our operations and assets are subject to various U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations, and non-U.S. laws and regulations related to the protection of the environment. We could incur substantial costs, including capital and other expenditures, to comply with such requirements, as well as fines, penalties, or civil or criminal sanctions and third-party claims, if we were to violate or become liable under such laws or regulations. In addition, it is expected that the new U.S. administration will seek to enact changes to numerous areas of law and regulations currently in effect related to our industry. The nature, timing and economic effects of potential changes to the current legal and regulatory framework affecting our business under the new administration remain highly uncertain and may impact our results of operations, costs, or liabilities. There can be no assurance that any changes in laws, regulations or governmental policy will not have an adverse impact on our business.
Governmental regulations of noise and emissions levels may be applicable where the related airframe is registered and where the aircraft is operated. For example, jurisdictions throughout the world have adopted noise regulations which require all aircraft to comply with Stage III noise requirements. In addition to the current Stage III compliance requirements, the U.S. and the ICAO have adopted a more stringent set of Stage IV standards for noise levels which apply to engines manufactured or certified from 2006 onward. At this time, the U.S. regulations do not require any phase-out of aircraft that qualify only for Stage III compliance, but the EU has established a framework for the imposition of operating limitations on non-Stage IV aircraft. These regulations could limit the economic life of our engines and aircraft or reduce their value, could limit our ability to lease or sell the non-compliant engines or aircraft or, if modifications are permitted, require us to make significant additional investments in the engines or aircraft to make them compliant.
The U.S. and other jurisdictions are imposing more stringent limits on the emission of nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide emissions from engines, consistent with ICAO standards. Although, these limits generally apply only to engines manufactured after 1999, new laws could be passed in the future that also impose limits on older engines, thereby subjecting our older engines to existing or new emissions limitations or indirect taxation. These limits may also impact growth levels in air travel. In 2005, the EU launched an Emissions Trading System limiting greenhouse gas emissions by various industries and persons, including aircraft operators. However, in an April 2023 directive, the European Parliament and European Council adopted components of the European Commission’s “Fit for 55” proposal, which will modify the ETS system by phasing out free emissions allowances for the aviation sector by 2026. The directive entered force in June 2023, and was required to be transposed into national law by member states by December 31, 2023. In addition, the ICAO has adopted the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (“CORSIA”), a global market-based scheme aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions from international aviation that will become mandatory in 2027. At least 126 countries, including the United States, have indicated that they will participate in the voluntary phase-in of CORSIA from 2024 onwards. Limitations on emissions, such as the ETS and CORSIA, could favor the use of younger, more fuel-efficient aircraft, since they generally produce lower levels of emissions per passenger, which could adversely affect our ability to re-lease or otherwise dispose of less efficient older aircraft on a timely basis, on favorable terms, or at all. Concerns over global warming, climate change, or other environmental issues could result in more stringent limitations on the operation of older, non-compliant engines and aircraft.
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Scrutiny of the airline industry and its potential negative impacts on the environment may result in decreased demand for air travel, which may in turn cause lessees to default on their lease payment obligations to us which would negatively affect our financial condition, cash flow and results of operations.
The airline industry has also come under increased scrutiny by the press, the public and investors regarding the impact of air travel on the environment, including emissions to the air, discharges to surface and subsurface waters, safe drinking water, aircraft noise, the management of hazardous substances, oils and waste materials and other environmental impacts related to aircraft operations. If such scrutiny results in reduced air travel or increased costs to air travel, it may affect demand for our aircraft and engines, lessees’ ability to make rental and other lease payments and reduce the value we receive for our aircraft and engines upon any disposition, which would negatively affect our financial condition, cash flow and results of operations. In addition, growing demand to transition to lower-carbon technologies, such as sustainable aviation fuels that may be developed over time, may increase our costs or reduce demand for our aircraft or engines or airline travel more generally.
We are subject to governmental regulation and our failure to comply with these regulations could cause the government to withdraw or revoke our authorizations and approvals to do business and could subject us to penalties and sanctions that could harm our business.
Governmental agencies throughout the world, including the FAA, highly regulate the manufacture, repair, and operation of all aircraft operated in the U.S. and equivalent regulatory agencies in other countries, such as the EASA in Europe, regulate aircraft operated in those countries. We include, with the aircraft, engines and related parts that we purchase, lease and sell to our customers, documentation certifying that each part complies with applicable regulatory requirements and meets applicable standards of airworthiness established by the FAA or the equivalent regulatory agencies in other countries. Specific regulations vary from country to country, although regulatory requirements in other countries are generally satisfied by compliance with FAA requirements. With respect to a particular engine or engine component, we utilize FAA and/or EASA certified repair stations to repair and certify engines and components to ensure marketability. The revocation or suspension of any of our material authorizations or approvals would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. New and more stringent government regulations, if adopted and enacted, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, certain product sales to foreign countries require approval or licensing from the U.S. government. Denial of export licenses could reduce our sales to those countries and could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Failure to comply with anti-corruption laws, trade controls, economic sanctions and similar laws and regulations could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
Our operations are subject to U.S. and foreign anti-corruption and trade control laws and regulations, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions, including the UK Bribery Act 2010, export controls, and economic sanctions programs, including those administered by the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), and the Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) of the Department of Commerce.
As part of our business, we may deal with state-owned business enterprises, the employees of which are considered foreign officials for purposes of the FCPA’s prohibition on providing anything of value to foreign officials in connection with obtaining or retaining business or securing any improper business advantage. In addition, we must comply with various laws and regulations relating to the export of products and technology from the U.S. and other countries having jurisdiction over our operations. Obtaining the necessary export license or other authorization for a particular lease may be time-consuming and may result in the delay or loss of leasing opportunities.
We are also subject to certain economic and trade sanctions programs that are administered by OFAC, which prohibit or restrict transactions to or from, or dealings with, specified countries, their governments, and in certain circumstances, their nationals, and with individuals and entities that are specially designated nationals of those countries. It is possible that, without our knowledge, engines or other equipment that we export end up in the possession of individuals or entities that have been designated by OFAC or are located in a country subject to sanctions.
We have established policies and procedures designed to assist with our compliance with these laws and regulations. However, maintaining and enhancing our policies and procedures in response to changing laws and regulations or business circumstances can be costly and place restrictions on our operations, and we cannot guarantee that the precautions we take will prevent violations of anti-corruption and trade control laws and regulations. Violations of these regulations are punishable by civil penalties, including fines, denial of export privileges, injunctions, asset seizures, debarment from government contracts, and revocations or restrictions of licenses, as well as criminal fines and imprisonment. In addition, the costs associated with responding to a government investigation and remediating any violations can be substantial. Accordingly, violations could adversely affect, among other things, our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our aircraft, engines or parts could cause bodily injury or property damage, exposing us to liability claims.
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We are exposed to potential liability claims if the use of our aircraft, engines or parts is alleged to have caused bodily injury or property damage. Our leases require our lessees to indemnify us against these claims and to carry insurance customary in the air transportation industry, including liability, property damage, and all-risk hull insurance on our engines and on our aircraft at agreed upon levels. We can give no assurance that one or more catastrophic events will not exceed insurance coverage limits or that lessees’ insurance will cover all claims that may be asserted against us. Any insurance coverage deficiency or default by lessees under their indemnification or insurance obligations may reduce our recovery of losses upon an event of loss or subject the Company to monetary losses for which recovery is unavailable.
Our financial reporting for lease revenue may be adversely impacted by any future change to lease accounting, as well as any future change to current tax laws or accounting principles pertaining to operating or other lease financing.
Our lessees enjoy favorable accounting and tax treatment generally by using operating leases. Changes in tax laws or accounting principles that make operating leases less attractive to our lessees could have a material adverse effect on demand for our leases and on our business.
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). If there are future changes in GAAP with regard to how we and our customers must account for leases, it could change the way we and our customers conduct our businesses and, therefore, could have a potential adverse effect on our business.
We may not be adequately covered by insurance.
By virtue of holding title to engines and aircraft, parties suffering damage as a result of the malfunction of an engine or aircraft may assert that lessors are strictly liable for the resulting losses. Such liability may be asserted even where the lessor is not directly controlling the operation of the relevant aircraft. While we maintain contingent insurance covering losses not covered by our lessees’ insurance, such coverage may not be available in circumstances in which the lessees’ insurance coverage is insufficient. In addition, if a lessee is not obligated to maintain sufficient insurance, we may incur the costs of additional insurance coverage during the related lease. Under certain of our debt facilities, we are required to obtain political risk insurance for leases to lessees in specified jurisdictions. We can give no assurance that such insurance will be available at commercially reasonable rates, if at all.
We and our lenders generally are named as additional insureds on liability insurance policies carried by our lessees and are usually the loss payees for damage to our engines and aircraft. However, an uninsured or partially insured claim, or a claim for which third-party indemnification is not available, could have a material adverse effect upon us. A loss of an aircraft in which we lease the airframe, an engine or other leased equipment could result in significant monetary claims for which there may not be sufficient insurance coverage.
Natural disasters, public health emergencies, and other business disruptions could cause significant harm to our customer base, which may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our U.S. and international operations and warehouse facilities are susceptible to losses and interruptions caused by floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, wildfires, typhoons, and similar natural disasters, public health emergencies, as well as power outages, telecommunications failures, and similar events. Climate change may exacerbate certain of these threats, including the frequency and severity of weather-related events and other natural disasters.
A decrease in air travel, lack of demand for air travel, or downturn in the aviation industry caused by public health emergencies or natural disasters could result in lower utilization of our engine and aircraft assets, which could in turn materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the occurrence of natural disasters and health emergency or similar events in any of the regions in which we operate could disrupt and materially and adversely impact the operations of our business.

Cyberattacks or other information security breaches could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our operations are becoming increasingly dependent on information technologies. Threats to our information technology systems continue to grow, and include, among other things, power outages, natural disasters, malware, ransomware, phishing, computer viruses, human error, and unexpected complications as our information technology systems are maintained or upgraded. Significant damage or interruption to our information technology systems, including cyberattacks, could lead to the loss of sensitive information, including that of our customers, suppliers, and employees, result in operational disruption, or require expensive investment to fix or replace our information technology systems. Such losses could harm our reputation and result in competitive disadvantages, litigation, regulatory enforcement actions, lost revenues, additional costs, and liabilities. In turn, this could adversely affect our business strategy, operating results, and financial condition.

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We have been subject to cybersecurity incidents in the past and may be again in the future. Due to the evolving nature and increased sophistication of these cybersecurity threats, the potential impact of any future incident cannot be predicted with certainty. Although we employ a number of measures to prevent, detect and mitigate these threats, even the most well-protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed to not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk. Any such incidents could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, especially if we fail to maintain sufficient insurance coverage to cover liabilities incurred or are unable to recover any funds lost in data, security and/or system breaches, and could result in a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Moreover, we may face increased costs as we continue to evolve our cyber defenses in order to contend with changing risks, and possible increased costs of complying with cybersecurity laws and regulations. These costs and losses associated with these risks are difficult to predict and quantify, but could have a significant adverse effect on our operating results.
Risks Related to Our Aviation Assets
The value and lease rates of our engines and aircraft could decline.
The value of a particular model of engine depends heavily on the types of aircraft on which it may be installed and the supply of available engines. We believe engine values tend to be relatively stable so long as there is sufficient demand for the host aircraft. The demand for aircraft depends on numerous factors, including age, technology, and customer preference. We believe the value of an engine begins to decline rapidly once the host aircraft begins to be retired from service and/or is used for spare parts in significant numbers. Certain types of engines and aircraft may be used in significant numbers by commercial aircraft operators that are currently experiencing financial difficulties. If such operators were to file for protection under bankruptcy laws or commence liquidation or similar proceedings, the resulting over-supply of engines and aircraft from these operators could have an adverse effect on the demand for the affected engine and aircraft types and the value of such aviation equipment.
Upon termination of a lease, we may be unable to enter into new leases or sell the affected aviation equipment on acceptable terms.
We directly or indirectly own the aviation equipment that we lease to customers and bear the risk of not recovering our entire investment through leasing and selling the applicable equipment. Upon termination of a lease, we seek to enter a new lease, sell or part-out the applicable aviation equipment. We also selectively sell aviation equipment on an opportunistic basis. We cannot give assurance that we will be able to find, in a timely manner or at all, a lessee or a buyer for aviation equipment coming off-lease or for the associated parts. If we do find a lessee, we may not be able to obtain satisfactory lease rates and terms (including maintenance and redelivery conditions) or rates and terms comparable to our current leases, and we can give no assurance that the creditworthiness of any future lessee will be equal to or better than that of the existing lessees of our equipment. As of December 31, 2024, engines on-lease with lease terms of 12 months or less and engines off-lease constituted approximately 75% of our assets. These engines may frequently need to be remarketed, which could drive up our operating costs associated with such equipment. Such higher operating costs could have a material, adverse impact on our results of operations and profitability.
Although leases of engines account for most of our revenue, leases of aircraft expose us to greater risks than leases of engines and these risks could materially impact our financial condition and results of operations.
We are exposed to a number of risks related to our aircraft leasing activities. For example, leases of aircraft subject us to greater maintenance risks because the maintenance fees we charge may not cover aircraft maintenance costs that may be higher than anticipated. In addition, we face greater credit risk from lessees in this line of business as the assets that we lease to them tend to have higher net book values than individual engines. Moreover, aircraft technology is constantly improving and, as a result, particular models and types of aircraft tend to become less in demand and ultimately obsolete over time as newer, more advanced and efficient aircraft become available. Consequently, we may experience difficulty in leasing or selling aircraft. Any of these risks could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
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We carry the risk of maintenance for our leased assets. Our maintenance reserves may be inadequate or lessees may default on their obligations to perform maintenance, which could increase our expenses.
Under most of our engine and aircraft leases, the lessee makes monthly maintenance reserve payments to us based on the asset’s usage and management’s estimate of maintenance costs. A certain level of maintenance reserve payments on the WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL engines are held in related engine reserve restricted cash accounts. Generally, the lessee under long-term leases is responsible for all scheduled maintenance costs, even if they exceed the amounts of maintenance reserves paid. As of December 31, 2024, 65 of our leases comprising approximately 24% of the net book value of our on-lease assets do not provide for any monthly maintenance reserve payments to be made by lessees, and we can give no assurance that future leases of our engines or aircraft will require maintenance reserves. In some cases, including engine and aircraft repossessions, we may decide to pay for refurbishments or repairs if the accumulated use fees are inadequate.
We can give no assurance that our operating cash flows and available liquidity reserves, including the amounts held in the reserve restricted cash accounts, will be sufficient to fund necessary engine and aircraft maintenance. Actual maintenance reserve payments by lessees and other cash that we receive may be significantly less than projected as a result of numerous factors, including defaults by lessees. Furthermore, we can provide no assurance that lessees will meet their obligations to make maintenance reserve payments or perform required scheduled maintenance or, to the extent that maintenance reserve payments are insufficient, to cover the cost of refurbishments or repairs.
Failures by lessees to meet their maintenance and recordkeeping obligations under our leases could adversely affect the value of our leased engines and aircraft and our ability to re-lease the engines and aircraft in a timely manner following termination of the leases.
The value and income producing potential of an engine or aircraft depends heavily on it being maintained in accordance with an approved maintenance system and complying with all applicable governmental directives and manufacturer requirements. In addition, for an engine or aircraft to be available for service, all records, logs, licenses and documentation relating to maintenance and operations of the engine or aircraft must be maintained in accordance with governmental and manufacturer specifications.
Pursuant to our leases, the lessees are primarily responsible for maintaining the engines or aircraft, keeping related records and complying with governmental directives and manufacturer requirements. Certain lessees have experienced, and may experience in the future, difficulties meeting their maintenance and recordkeeping obligations as specified by the terms of our leases.
Our ability to determine the condition of the engines or aircraft and whether the lessees are properly maintaining our assets is generally limited to the lessees’ reporting of monthly usage and any maintenance performed, confirmed by periodic inspections performed by us and third parties. A lessee’s failure to meet its maintenance or recordkeeping obligations under a lease could result in:
•grounding of the related engine or aircraft;
•repossession that would likely cause us to incur additional and potentially substantial expenditures to restore the engine or aircraft to an acceptable maintenance condition;
•a need to incur additional costs and devote resources to recreate the records prior to the sale or lease of the engine or aircraft;
•loss of lease revenue while we perform refurbishments or repairs and recreate records; and
•a lower lease rate and/or shorter lease term under a new lease entered into by us following repossession of the engine or aircraft.
Any of these events may adversely affect the value of the engine or aircraft, unless and until remedied, and reduce our revenues and increase our expenses. If aviation equipment is damaged during a lease and we are unable to recover our damages from the lessee or though insurance, we may incur a loss.
The advent of superior engine and aircraft technology and higher production levels could cause our existing portfolio of aviation equipment to become outdated and therefore less desirable.
As manufacturers introduce technological innovations and new types of engines and aircraft, certain engines and aircraft in our existing portfolio of aviation equipment may become less desirable to potential lessees or purchasers. This next generation of engines and aircraft is expected to deliver improved fuel consumption and reduced noise and emissions with lower operating costs compared to current-technology aircraft.
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The introduction of new models of engines and aircraft and the potential resulting overcapacity in supply, could adversely affect the residual values and the lease rates for our engines and aircraft, our ability to lease or sell our engines and aircraft on favorable terms, or at all, or result in us recording future impairment charges.
Our customers face intense competition and some carriers are in troubled financial condition.
As a general matter, commercial aircraft operators with weak capital structures are more likely than well-capitalized operators to seek operating leases, and, at any time, investors should expect some lessees and sub-lessees to experience payment difficulties. As a result of such commercial aircraft operators’ weak financial condition and lack of liquidity, a portion of lessees over time may be significantly in arrears in their rental or maintenance payments and may default on their lease obligations. Given the size of our portfolio of engines and aircraft, we expect that from time to time some lessees will be slow in making, or will fail to make, their payments in full under their leases. As of December 31, 2024, we had an aggregate of approximately $3.9 million in lease rent and $3.6 million in maintenance reserve payments more than 30 days past due, compared to $10.5 million in lease rent and $8.9 million in maintenance reserve payments more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2023. Our inability to collect receivables or to repossess engines, aircraft or other leased equipment in the event of a default by a lessee could have a material adverse effect on us.
We may not correctly assess the credit risk of each lessee or may not be in a position to charge risk-adjusted lease rates, and lessees may be unable to meet their financial and other obligations under our leases in the future. A delayed, reduced, or missed rental payment from a lessee may decrease our revenues and cash flow and may adversely affect our ability to make payments on our indebtedness or to comply with financial covenants in our loan documents (see “Our Financing Facilities Impose Restrictions on our Operations”). While we typically experience some level of delinquency under our leases, default levels may increase over time, particularly as our portfolio of engines and aircraft ages or if economic conditions deteriorate.
Various airlines have filed for bankruptcy in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions, with some seeking to restructure their operations and others ceasing operations entirely. In the case of airlines that are restructuring, such airlines often reduce their flights or eliminate the use of certain types of aircraft and the related engine types. Applicable bankruptcy laws often allow these airlines to terminate leases early and to return our engines or aircraft without meeting the contractual return conditions. In that case, we may not be paid the full amount, or any part, of our claims for these lease terminations. Alternatively, we might negotiate agreements with those airlines under which the airline continues to lease the engine or aircraft, but under modified lease terms. If requests for payment restructuring or rescheduling are made and granted, reduced or deferred rental payments may be payable over all or some part of the remaining term of the lease, although the terms of any revised payment schedules may be unfavorable and such payments may not be made. In the case of an airline which has ceased operations entirely, in addition to the risk of nonpayment, we face the enhanced risk of deterioration or total loss of an engine or aircraft while it is under uncertain custody and control. In that case, we may be required to take legal action to secure the return of the engine or aircraft and its records or, alternatively, to negotiate a settlement under which we can immediately recover the engine or aircraft and its records in exchange for waiving subsequent legal claims.
We may not be able to repossess an engine or aircraft when the lessee defaults, and even if we are able to repossess the engine or aircraft, we may have to expend significant funds in the repossession, remarketing and leasing of the asset.
When a lessee defaults and such default is not cured in a timely manner, we typically seek to terminate the lease and repossess the engine or aircraft. If a defaulting lessee contests the termination and repossession or is under court protection, enforcement of our rights under the lease may be difficult, expensive and time-consuming. We may not realize any practical benefits from our legal rights, and we may need to obtain consents to export the engine or aircraft. As a result, the relevant asset may be off-lease or not producing revenue for a prolonged period. In addition, we will incur direct costs associated with repossessing our engine or aircraft. These costs may include legal and similar costs, the direct costs of transporting, storing and insuring the engine or aircraft, and costs associated with necessary maintenance and recordkeeping to make the asset available for lease or sale. During this time, we will realize no revenue from the leased engine or aircraft, and we will continue to be obligated to pay any debt financing applicable to the asset. If an engine is installed on an airframe, the airframe may be owned by an aircraft lessor or other third party. Our ability to recover engines installed on airframes may depend on the cooperation of the airframe owner.
Risks Related to Our Orders of New Engines
We have committed to purchase new engines in 2025 with an aggregate value of up to $107.6 million. Our ability to lease these assets on favorable terms, if at all, may be adversely affected by risks to the commercial airline industry generally. If we are unable to obtain commitments for the remaining deliveries or otherwise satisfy our contractual obligations to the engine manufacturers, we will be subject to several potential risks, including:
•forfeiting advance deposits, as well as incurring certain significant costs related to these commitments, such as contractual damages and legal, accounting, and financial advisory expenses;
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•defaulting on any future lease commitments we may have entered into with respect to these engines, which could result in monetary damages and strained relationships with lessees;
•failing to realize the benefits of purchasing and leasing the engines; and
•risking harm to our business reputation, which would make it more difficult to purchase and lease engines in the future on agreeable terms, if at all.
Risks Related to Our Capital Structure
Our future growth and profitability will depend on our ability to acquire aviation equipment and make other strategic investments. As a result, our inability to obtain sufficient capital to finance these acquisitions would constrain our ability to grow our portfolio and to increase our revenues.
Our business is capital intensive and highly leveraged. Accordingly, our ability to successfully execute our business strategy and maintain our operations depends on the availability and cost of debt and equity capital. Additionally, our ability to borrow against our portfolio of engines, aircraft, and strategic investments is dependent, in part, on the appraised value of such engines, aircraft, and investments. If the appraised value of our portfolio declines, we may be required to either refrain from borrowings or reduce the principal outstanding under certain of our debt facilities.
A significant increase in our cost to acquire engines and aircraft, or in our cost of strategic investments, due to increased interest expense or cost of capital will make it more difficult for us to make accretive acquisitions. The disruptions may also adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our continued growth. Although we have adequate debt commitments from our lenders, assuming they are willing and able to meet their contractual obligation to lend to us, market disruptions may adversely affect our ability to raise additional equity capital to fund future growth, requiring us to rely on internally generated funds. This would lower our rate of capital investment which, in turn, could materially and adversely affect the business and the Company's results of operations.
We can give no assurance that the capital we need will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. Our inability to obtain sufficient capital, or to renew or expand our credit facilities, could result in increased funding costs and would limit our ability to:
•meet the terms and maturities of our existing and future debt facilities;
•add new equipment to our portfolio;
•fund our working capital needs and maintain adequate liquidity; and
•finance other growth initiatives.
Our financing facilities impose restrictions on our operations.
We have, and expect to continue to have, various credit and financing arrangements with third parties. These financing arrangements are secured by all or substantially all of our assets. Our existing credit and financing arrangements require us to meet certain financial condition tests. Our revolving credit facility prohibits our purchasing or redeeming stock, or declaring or paying dividends on shares of any class or series of our common or preferred stock if an event of default under such facility has or will occur and remains uncured. The agreements governing our debt, including the issuance of notes by WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, and WEST VII, as well as the loans under our senior secured warehouse credit facility, also include restrictive financial covenants. A breach of those and other covenants could, unless waived or amended by our creditors, result in a cross-default to other indebtedness and an acceleration of all or substantially all of our debt. We have obtained waivers and amendments to our financing agreements in the past, but we cannot provide any assurance that we will receive such waivers or amendments in the future if we request or require them. If our outstanding debt is accelerated at any time, we likely would have little or no cash or other assets available after payment of our debts, which could cause the value or market price of our outstanding equity securities to decline significantly and we would have few, if any, assets available for distributions to our equity holders in liquidation.
We are exposed to interest rate risk on our leases, which could have a negative impact on our margins.
We are affected by fluctuations in interest rates. Our lease rates are generally fixed, and a portion of our debt bears variable rate interest based on one-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), so changes in interest rates directly affect our lease margins. From time to time, we seek to reduce our interest rate volatility and uncertainty through hedging with interest rate derivative contracts with respect to a portion of our debt. Our lease margins, earnings and cash flows may be adversely affected by increases in interest rates. To the extent we do not have hedges or other derivatives in place, or if our hedges or other derivatives do not mitigate our interest rate exposure from an economic standpoint, we would be adversely affected by increasing interest rates. One-month term SOFR was approximately 4.37% and 5.38% on December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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An increase in interest rates or in our borrowing margin would increase the cost of servicing our debt and could reduce our profitability.
A significant portion of our outstanding debt bears interest at floating rates. As a result, to the extent we have not hedged against rising interest rates, an increase in the applicable benchmark interest rates would increase our cost of servicing our debt and could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and cash flows.
In addition, we regularly refinance our indebtedness. If interest rates or our borrowing margins increase between the time an existing financing arrangement was consummated and the time such financing arrangement is refinanced, the cost of servicing our debt would increase and our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
We have risks in managing our portfolio of engines to meet customer needs.
The relatively long life cycles of aircraft and jet engines can be shortened by world events, government regulation, or customer preferences. We seek to manage these risks by trying to anticipate demand for particular engine and aircraft types, maintaining a portfolio mix of engines that we believe is diversified and that will have long-term value and will be sought by lessees in the global market for jet engines, and by selling engines and aircraft that we expect will experience obsolescence or declining usefulness in the foreseeable future.
Each of the WEST finance vehicles and our senior secured warehouse credit facility have various limitations on how we, as servicer, are allowed to manage the trusts. These restrictions include, but are not limited to, total replacement funds held during a given 12-month period and lifetime of the trust, below value dispositions as well as limitations on sales subject to part out agreements.
These limitations on our ability to sell equipment in our portfolio could diminish our ability to manage and optimize our portfolio of airline equipment and, as a result, could have a material and adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and cash flows.
Our inability to maintain sufficient liquidity could limit our operational flexibility and also impact our ability to make payments on our obligations as they come due.
In addition to being capital intensive and highly leveraged, our business also requires that we maintain sufficient liquidity to enable us to contribute the non-financed portion of engine and aircraft purchases as well as to service our payment obligations to our creditors as they become due, despite the fact that the timing and amounts of payments under our leases do not match the timing under our debt service obligations. Our restricted cash is unavailable for general corporate purposes. Accordingly, our ability to successfully execute our business strategy and maintain our operations depends on our ability to continue to maintain sufficient liquidity, cash, and available credit under our credit facilities. Our liquidity could be adversely impacted if we are subjected to one or more of the following: a significant decline in lease revenues, a material increase in interest expense that is not matched by a corresponding increase in lease rates, a significant increase in operating expenses, or a reduction in our available credit under our credit facilities. If we do not maintain sufficient liquidity, our ability to meet our payment obligations to creditors or to borrow additional funds could become impaired as could our ability to make dividend payments or other distributions to our equity holders. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Inflation may adversely affect us by increasing costs beyond what we can recover through price increases.

In prior years, inflation rates have increased throughout the U.S. economy. Increased inflation rates can adversely affect us by increasing our costs of labor, goods, and other operating costs and may reduce demand for air travel. In addition, inflation is often accompanied by higher interest rates, which could reduce the fair value of our outstanding debt obligations. In an inflationary environment, depending on airline industry and other economic conditions, we may be unable to raise prices enough to keep up with the rate of inflation, which would reduce our profit margins. We have experienced, and continue to experience, increases in the prices of labor and other costs of providing service. Continued inflationary pressures could impact our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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Risks Related to The Common Stock Trading Price
The Company’s common stock trading price may be affected by numerous factors that may impose a financial risk on the Company’s stockholders.
The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate due to many factors, including but not limited to the following:
•risks relating to our business described in this Annual Report;
•sales or purchases of our securities by a few stockholders or even a single significant stockholder;
•general economic conditions;
•changes in accounting mandated under GAAP;
•quarterly variations in our operating results;
•our financial condition, performance and prospects;
•changes in dividends on our common stock;
•changes in financial estimates by us;
•the level, direction and volatility of interest rates and expectations of changes in rates;
•the market for securities similar to our common stock;
•changes in our capital structure, including additional issuances by us of debt or equity securities; and
•failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting.
As it relates to changes in dividends on our common stock, the declaration and payment of future dividends are dependent on many factors, including, but not limited to, our financial condition, and are at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. If the Company fails to meet expectations related to dividends, the price of the Company’s common stock may decline. In addition, the U.S. stock markets have experienced price and volume volatility that have affected many companies’ stock prices, often for reasons unrelated to the operating performance of those companies.
Risks Related to Our Foreign Operations
A substantial portion of our lease revenue comes from foreign customers, subjecting us to divergent regulatory requirements.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, approximately 69% of our lease rent revenue was generated by leases to foreign customers. Such international leases present risks to us because certain foreign laws, regulations, and judicial procedures may not be as protective of lessor rights as those which apply in the U.S. We are also subject to risks of foreign laws that affect the timing and access to courts and may limit our remedies when collecting lease payments and recovering assets. We also can give no assurance that political instability abroad and changes in the policies of foreign nations will not present expropriation risks in the future that are not covered by insurance.
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Substantially all of our leases require payments in U.S. dollars but many of our customers operate in other currencies; if foreign currencies devalue against the U.S. dollar, our lessees may be unable to make their payments to us.
Substantially all of our current leases require that payments be made in U.S. dollars. If the currency that our lessees typically use in operating their businesses devalues against the U.S. dollar, those lessees could encounter difficulties in making payments in U.S. dollars. Furthermore, many foreign countries have currency and exchange laws regulating international payments that may impede or prevent payments from being paid to us in U.S. dollars. Future leases may provide for payments to be made in euros or other foreign currencies. Any change in the currency exchange rate that reduces the amount of U.S. dollars obtained by us upon conversion of future lease payments denominated in euros or other foreign currencies, may, if not appropriately hedged by us, have a material adverse effect on us and increase the volatility of our earnings. If payments on our leases are made in foreign currency, our risks and hedging costs will increase.
We operate globally and are affected by our customers’ local and regional economic and other risks.
We believe that our customers’ growth and financial condition are driven by economic growth in their service areas. The largest portion of our foreign lease revenues comes from the Asia-Pacific and European regions. Some of these airline operations are among the most heavily regulated in the world. At the same time, low-cost carriers have exerted substantial competitive and financial pressure on major Asia-Pacific and European airlines. Low-cost carriers are having similar effects in North America and elsewhere.
We are also exposed to the specific economic, geopolitical and political conditions and associated risks of the Asia-Pacific and European regions. These risks can include economic recessions, regional impacts of epidemic diseases, burdensome local regulations, armed conflicts or, in extreme cases, increased risks of requisition or other loss of our engines and aircraft and risks of wide-ranging sanctions prohibiting us from leasing in certain jurisdictions. These risks can be exacerbated in jurisdictions where we have a concentration of customers or assets. An adverse geopolitical, political or economic event in any region or country in which our lessees or our engines and aircraft are concentrated could affect the ability of our lessees to meet their obligations to us, expose us to legal or political risks associated with the affected jurisdictions, or impact our ability to recover our assets all of which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows, liquidity and results of operations and our ability to comply with financial covenants.
We may not be able to enforce our rights as a creditor if a lessee files for bankruptcy outside of the U.S.
When a debtor seeks protection under the United States Bankruptcy Code (“Bankruptcy Code”), creditors are automatically stayed from enforcing their rights. In the case of U.S.-certificated airlines, Section 1110 of the Bankruptcy Code provides certain relief to lessors of aircraft equipment. Section 1110 has been the subject of significant litigation, and we can give no assurance that Section 1110 will protect our investment in aircraft or engines in the event of a lessee’s bankruptcy. In addition, Section 1110 does not apply to lessees located outside of the U.S. and applicable foreign laws may not provide comparable protection.
Liens on our engines or aircraft could exceed the value of such assets, which could negatively affect our ability to repossess, lease or sell a particular engine or aircraft.
Liens that secure the payment of repairers’ charges or other liens may, depending on the jurisdiction, attach to engines and aircraft. Engines also may be installed on airframes to which liens unrelated to the engines have attached. These liens may secure substantial sums that may, in certain jurisdictions or for limited types of liens, exceed the value of the particular engine or aircraft to which the liens have attached. In some jurisdictions, a lien may give the holder the right to detain or, in limited cases, sell or cause the forfeiture of the engine or aircraft. Such liens may have priority over our interest as well as our creditors’ interests in the engines or aircraft, either because they have such priority under applicable local law or because our creditors’ security interests are not filed in jurisdictions outside the U.S. These liens and lien holders could impair our ability to repossess and lease or sell the engines or aircraft. We cannot give assurance that our lessees will comply with their obligations to discharge third-party liens on our assets. If they do not, we may, in the future, find it necessary to pay the claims secured by such liens to repossess such assets.
In certain countries, an engine affixed to an aircraft may become an accession to the aircraft and we may not be able to exercise our ownership rights over the engine.
In some jurisdictions, an engine affixed to an aircraft may become an accession to the aircraft, so that the ownership rights of the owner of the aircraft supersede the ownership rights of the owner of the engine. If an aircraft is security for the owner’s obligations to a third party, the security interest in the aircraft may supersede our rights as owner of the engine. This legal principle could limit our ability to repossess an engine in the event of a lessee bankruptcy or lease default while the aircraft with the engine installed remains in such a jurisdiction. We may suffer a loss if we are not able to repossess engines leased to lessees in these jurisdictions.
Changes to trade policy, tariff, sanction and import/export regulations may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Changes in U.S. or international, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade and investment in the territories or countries where we currently conduct our business, could adversely affect our business. The executive branch of the U.S. government has instituted or proposed changes in trade policies that include the negotiation or termination of trade agreements, the imposition of higher tariffs on imports into the U.S., economic sanctions on corporations or countries, and other government regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries that will affect the manner in which we conduct our business. Trading partners of the U.S. have also implemented and threatened to implement retaliatory tariffs and/or other impediments to trade.
As a result of new or threatened tariffs, sanctions and/or impediments to trade, both from the U.S. and other countries, there may be greater restrictions and economic disincentives on international trade. The new or threatened tariffs, sanctions and other changes in trade policy could trigger retaliatory actions by affected countries, and certain foreign governments have instituted or are considering imposing tariffs and/or economic sanctions on certain U.S. goods. The impact of these tariffs is subject to a number of factors, including the effective date and duration of such tariffs, changes in the amount, scope and nature of the tariffs in the future, any retaliatory responses to such actions that the target countries may take and any mitigating actions that may become available. A significant portion of our business could be impacted by changes to the trade policies of the U.S. and foreign countries (including governmental action related to tariffs, international trade agreements, or economic sanctions). Such changes have the potential to adversely impact the U.S. economy or certain sectors thereof, our industry, and the global demand for our products and services, and as a result, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Small Size and Corporate Structure
Intense competition in our industry, particularly with major companies with substantially greater financial, personnel, marketing and other resources, could cause our revenues and business to suffer.
The engine and aircraft leasing and related services industry is highly competitive and global. Our primary competitors include AerCap Holdings N.V., Shannon Engine Support Ltd., Pratt & Whitney, Rolls-Royce Partners Finance, Engine Lease Finance Corporation, FTAI Aviation LTD., MTU Aero Engines Holding AG, SMBC Aero Engine Lease B.V., and StandardAero, Inc.
Our primary competitors generally have significantly greater financial, personnel and other resources, as well as a physical presence in more locations, than we do. In addition, competing engine lessors may have lower costs of capital and may provide financial or technical services or other inducements to customers, including the ability to sell or lease aircraft, offer maintenance and repair services, or provide other forms of financing that we do not provide. We cannot give assurance that we will be able to compete effectively or that competitive pressures will not adversely affect us.
There is no organized market for the spare engines or the aircraft we purchase. Typically, we purchase engines and aircraft from commercial aircraft operators, engine manufacturers, MROs and other suppliers. We rely on our representatives, advertisements, and reputation to generate opportunities to purchase and sell engines and aircraft. The market for purchasing engine and aircraft portfolios is highly competitive, generally involving an auction bidding process. We can give no assurance that engines and aircraft will continue to be available to us on acceptable terms and in the types and quantities we seek consistent with the diversification requirements of our debt facilities and our portfolio diversification goals.
Substantially all of our assets are pledged to our creditors.
Substantially all of our assets are pledged to secure our obligations to creditors. Our revolving credit and senior secured warehouse credit banks have a lien on all of our assets, including our residual interests in WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL. Due to WEST III’s, WEST IV’s, WEST V’s, WEST VI’s, WEST VII’s, and WWFL’s bankruptcy remote structures, that interest is subject to the prior payments of WEST III’s, WEST IV’s, WEST V’s, WEST VI’s, WEST VII’s, and WWFL’s debt and other obligations. Therefore, our rights and the rights of our creditors to participate in any distribution of the assets of WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL upon liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or winding up will be subject to the prior claims of WEST III’s, WEST IV’s, WEST V’s, WEST VI’s, WEST VII’s, and WWFL’s creditors. Similarly, the rights of our shareholders are subject to satisfaction of the claims of our lenders and other creditors.
We may be unable to manage the expansion of our operations.
We can give no assurance that we will be able to manage effectively the current and potential expansion of our operations, or that if we are successful expanding our operations that our systems, procedures, or controls will be adequate to support our operations, in which event our business, financial condition, results, and cash flows could be adversely affected.
Any acquisition or expansion involves various risks, which may include some or all of the following:
•incurring or assuming additional debt;
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•diversion of management’s time and attention from ongoing business operations;
•future charges to earnings related to the possible impairment of goodwill and the write down of other intangible assets;
•risks of unknown or contingent liabilities;
•difficulties in the assimilation of operations, services, products and personnel;
•unanticipated costs and delays;
•risks that the acquired business does not perform consistently with our growth and profitability expectations;
•risks that growth will strain our infrastructure, staff, internal controls, and management, which may require additional personnel, time, and expenditures; and
•potential loss of key employees and customers.
Any of the above factors could have a material adverse effect on us.
We are effectively controlled by one principal stockholder who has the power to contest the outcome of most matters submitted to the stockholders for approval and to affect our stock prices adversely if he were to sell substantial amounts of his common stock.
Charles F. Willis, IV, who is the founder of WLFC and currently serves as our Executive Chairman, has served as a Director since our establishment in 1985, served as Chief Executive Officer from 1985 until April 2022, served as President until July 2011, and has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors from 1996 until April 2022, when he became Executive Chairman.
As of December 31, 2024, Mr. Willis beneficially owned or had the ability to direct the voting of 3,018,806 shares of our common stock, representing approximately 42% of the issued shares of our common stock. As a result, Mr. Willis effectively controls the Company and has the power to contest the outcome of substantially all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of the Company's board of directors. This concentration of ownership and decision making may make it more difficult for other stockholders to effect substantial changes in our company and may also have the effect of delaying, preventing or expediting, as the case may be, a change in control of our Company. In addition, future sales by Mr. Willis of substantial amounts of the Company’s common stock, or the potential for such sales, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of the Company’s common stock.
Our business might suffer if we were to lose the services of certain key employees.
Our business operations depend upon our key employees, including our executive officers. Loss of any of these employees, particularly our Executive Chairman, could have a material adverse effect on our business as our key employees have knowledge of our industry and customers and would be difficult to replace.
We are the servicer and administrative agent for the WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, and WEST VII facilities and the servicer agent for WWFL, and our cash flows would be materially and adversely affected if we were removed from these positions.
We are the servicer and administrative agent with respect to engines in the WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, and WEST VII facilities and the servicer agent with respect to engines in WWFL. We receive monthly fees of 11.5% as servicer (3.5% of which is subordinated in each case) and 2.0% as administrative agent of the aggregate net rents actually received by WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, and WEST VII on their engines. We receive monthly fees of 8.0% as servicer (3.5% of which is subordinated in each case) of the aggregate net rents actually received by WWFL for WWFL engines. We may be removed as servicer and or administrative agent of our WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL facilities by an affirmative vote of a requisite number of the WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL note holders. Such vote could happen upon the occurrence of certain specified events as outlined in the WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL servicing and or administrative agency agreements.
As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with the financial covenants set forth in the WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL servicing and or administrative agency agreements. There can be no assurance that we will be in compliance with these covenants in the future or will not otherwise be terminated as servicer and or administrative agent for the WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and or WWFL facilities. If we are removed from such role with those facilities, our expenses would increase as our consolidated VIE’s WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL would have to hire an outside provider to replace the servicer and administrative agent functions, and we would be materially and adversely affected. Consequently, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows would be adversely affected.
Provisions in Delaware law and our charter and bylaws might prevent or delay a change of control.
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Certain provisions of law, our amended certificate of incorporation, bylaws and amended rights agreement could make the following more difficult: (1) an acquisition of us by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, and (2) the removal of incumbent officers and directors.
Our board of directors has authorized the issuance of shares of Series A Preferred Stock, by us and to Development Bank of Japan Inc. (“DBJ”), with American Stock Transfer and Trust Company serving as rights agent. The rights agreement could make it more difficult to proceed with and tends to discourage a merger, tender offer or proxy contest. Our amended certificate of incorporation also provides that stockholder action can be taken only at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be taken by written consent and, in certain circumstances relating to acquisitions or other changes in control, requires an 80% super majority vote of all outstanding shares of our common stock. Our bylaws also limit the ability of stockholders to raise matters at a meeting of stockholders without giving advance notice.

ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.
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ITEM 1C.    CYBERSECURITY

RISK MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY

The Company has policies, controls, and procedures in place for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats, including, but not limited to:

•Reviewing financial reporting systems and subsystems to ensure that access is limited to approved users;

•Reviewing data recorded, processed, and reported to ensure that the data remains complete, accurate, and valid;

•Conducting regular network and endpoint monitoring and vulnerability assessments to improve our information systems;

•Reviewing system changes of financial reporting significance to ensure that they have been authorized and appropriately tested before being moved to production;

•Monitoring and identifying cybersecurity threats in connection with the use of third-party providers;

•Responding to and remediating any incident of damage or interruption to our information technology systems, including cyberattacks, internally and through the use of third-party providers as necessary;

•Carrying information security risk insurance that provides protection against potential losses arising from a cybersecurity incident; and

•Requiring regular cybersecurity training programs for employees, management, and directors.

These approaches vary in maturity across our business, and we work to continually improve them.

GOVERNANCE

The Company’s Board of Directors and management have discussions to stay vigilant and engaged as it relates to cyber exposures, risk management strategy, monitoring, and cyber-incident response and recovery plans. Members of the Board of Directors have access to, and relationships with, cybersecurity experts in the organization, including the Company’s Head of Information Technology, who has extensive experience in network operations and an understanding of cybersecurity. Additionally, as the dynamic cybersecurity environment is continuously evolving, management has periodic meetings with our cybersecurity insurance providers to reevaluate the Company’s cybersecurity risks and related information technology resiliency. The Board of Directors shall be informed of any material information technology breaches that the Company has experienced in a timely manner.

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ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES  

Our principal offices are located in Coconut Creek, Florida where we own 60,000 square feet of office and warehouse space. We also own 130,000 square feet of office and warehouse space in Bridgend, Wales, UK. We lease 60,000 square feet of hangar and office space in Darlington, UK. We lease 45,000 square feet of warehouse space in Pompano Beach, Florida. We sub-lease 1,615 square feet of office and warehouse space for our operations in San Diego, California. We lease 4,166 square feet of office space in Dublin, Ireland and 1,348 square feet of office space in London, UK. We also lease facilities for sales and operations in Larkspur, California; Shanghai, China; Singapore; Blagnac, France; and Gandhinagar, India.

The Company’s Leasing and Related Operations segment conducts business in all of the properties above except for Pompano Beach. The Spare Parts segment primarily conducts business in the Coconut Creek and Pompano Beach, Florida facilities.

ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS

Our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol WLFC. As of March 3, 2025, there were 5,567 shareholders of record of our Common Stock.

We paid $10.7 million in dividends to our common shareholders during the year ended December 31, 2024. The declaration and amount of any future cash dividends will be subject to the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including our business, financial condition and results of operations and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors from time to time.

In September 2024, the Company entered into a Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with DBJ, which refinanced the Company’s Series A-1 and Series A-2 Preferred Stock into one $65.0 million Series A Preferred Stock series (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), which accrues quarterly dividends at the rate per annum of 8.35% per share. The Company’s Series A-1 Preferred Stock accrued quarterly dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% per share through October 15, 2023 and accrued at the rate per annum of 8.5% per share thereafter through September 26, 2024. The Series A-2 Preferred Stock accrued quarterly dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% per share. The Series A Preferred Stock has a redemption price of $20.00 per share plus dividends accrued but not paid.

The following table outlines our Equity Compensation Plan Information:

Plan Category Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding 
options, warrants and rights
Weighted-average exercise 
price of outstanding
options, warrants and rights
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under 
equity compensation 
plans (excluding securities
reflected in column (a))
  (a)   (b)   (c)  
Plans Not Approved by Shareholders:      
None n/a n/a n/a
       
Plans Approved by Shareholders:      
Employee Stock Purchase Plan n/a 93,863 
2023 Stock Incentive Plan n/a 1,592,342 
Total —  n/a 1,686,205 


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The 2023 Incentive Stock Plan (the “2023 Plan”) amended and restated the prior 2021 Incentive Stock Plan. The 2023 Plan authorized 1,750,000 shares for issuance, plus the number of shares remaining for issuance under the prior stock plan and any future forfeited awards under the prior plan. Stock-based compensation is in the form of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”). The RSAs are subject to either service-based vesting, which is typically between one and four years, in which a specific period of continued employment must pass before an award vests, or performance-based vesting, which is typically between one and two years. The expense associated with these awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective vesting period, with forfeitures accounted for as they occur. For any vesting tranche of an award, the cumulative amount of compensation cost recognized is equal to the portion of the grant-date fair value of the award tranche that is actually vested at that date.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had granted 2,052,254 RSAs under the 2023 Plan and prior plans and has 1,592,342 shares available for future issuance. The fair value of the restricted stock awards equaled the stock price at the grant date.

In December 2024, the Board of Directors approved the renewal of the existing common stock repurchase plan which allows for repurchases of up to $60.0 million of the Company’s common stock, extending the plan through December 31, 2026. Repurchased shares are immediately retired. During 2024 and 2023, no shares were repurchased. At December 31, 2024, approximately $39.6 million was available to purchase shares under the plan. As of December 31, 2024, the total number of shares of common stock issued was approximately 7.2 million.

ITEM 6.    [RESERVED]

ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report.

A discussion of our results of operations for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 is included our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2024 under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

OVERVIEW

Forward-Looking Statements. This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding prospects or future results of operations or financial position, made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking. We use words such as anticipates, believes, expects, future, intends, and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect management’s current expectations and are inherently uncertain. Actual results could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, among others: the effects on the airline industry and the global economy of events such as the current high interest rate and inflationary environment; changes in oil prices and other disruptions to the world markets; trends in the airline industry and our ability to capitalize on those trends, including growth rates of markets and other economic factors; risks associated with owning and leasing jet engines and aircraft; our ability to successfully negotiate equipment purchases, sales and leases, to collect outstanding amounts due and to control costs and expenses; managing the risks and impacts of potential and actual security breaches, cyberattacks, privacy breaches or data breaches, including business, service, or operational disruptions, the unauthorized access to or disclosure of data, financial loss, reputational damage, increased response and remediation costs, legal and regulatory proceedings or other unfavorable outcomes; changes in interest rates and availability of capital, both to us and our customers; our ability to continue to meet the changing customer demands; regulatory changes affecting airline operations, aircraft maintenance, accounting standards and taxes; the market value of engines and other assets in our portfolio; and the impact of pandemics or other public health crises on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. These risks and uncertainties, as well as other risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ significantly from management’s expectations, are described in greater detail in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of Part I which, along with the other discussion in this report, describes some, but not all, of the factors that could cause actual results to differ significantly from management’s expectations.

General. Our core business is acquiring and leasing commercial aircraft and aircraft engines and related aircraft equipment pursuant to operating leases, all of which we sometimes collectively refer to as “equipment.” As of December 31, 2024, the majority of our leases were operating leases with the exception of certain failed sale-leaseback transactions classified as notes receivable under the guidance provided by ASC 842 and investments in sales-type leases. As of December 31, 2024, we had 70 lessees in 37 countries. Our portfolio is continually changing due to acquisitions and sales. As of December 31, 2024, we had $2,635.9 million of equipment held in our operating lease portfolio, $183.6 million of notes receivable, $31.1 million of maintenance rights, and $21.6 million of investments in sales-type leases, which represented, in aggregate, 354 engines, 16 aircraft, one marine vessel and other leased parts and equipment. As of December 31, 2024, we also managed 277 engines, aircraft and related equipment on behalf of other parties. 
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Willis Aero is a wholly-owned and vertically-integrated subsidiary whose primary focus is the sale of aircraft engine parts and materials through the acquisition or consignment of aircraft engines. As of December 31, 2024, we had $72.2 million in spare parts inventory. Willis Asset Management is a wholly-owned and vertically-integrated subsidiary whose primary focus is the engine management and consulting business.

In 2011 we entered into an agreement with Mitsui & Co., Ltd. to participate in a joint venture formed as a Dublin-based Irish limited company, WMES, for the purpose of acquiring and leasing jet engines. Each partner holds a 50% interest in the joint venture. WMES owned a lease portfolio of 50 engines with a net book value of $328.9 million at December 31, 2024. Our investment in the joint venture was $44.8 million as of December 31, 2024.

In 2014 we entered into an agreement with CASC to participate in CASC Willis, a joint venture based in Shanghai, China. Each partner holds a 50% interest in the joint venture. CASC Willis acquires and leases jet engines to Chinese airlines and concentrates on meeting the fast-growing demand for leased commercial aircraft engines and aviation assets in the People’s Republic of China. CASC Willis owned a lease portfolio of four engines with a net book value of $37.3 million as of December 31, 2024. Our investment in the joint venture was $17.9 million as of December 31, 2024.

We actively manage our portfolio and structure our leases to maximize the residual values of our leased assets. Our leasing business focuses on popular Stage IV commercial jet engines manufactured by CFMI, General Electric, Pratt & Whitney, Rolls Royce, and International Aero Engines. These engines are the most widely used engines in the world, powering Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, and Embraer aircraft.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to residual values, estimated asset lives, impairments, bad debts, and credit losses. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following critical accounting policies, grouped by our activities, affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

Leasing Related Activities. Revenue from leasing of aircraft equipment is recognized as operating lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the terms of the applicable lease agreements. Where collection cannot be reasonably assured, for example, upon a lessee bankruptcy, we do not recognize revenue until cash is received. We also estimate and charge to income a provision for bad debts based on our experience in the business and with each specific customer and the level of past due accounts. The financial condition of our customers may deteriorate and result in actual losses exceeding the estimated allowances. In addition, any deterioration in the financial condition of our customers may adversely affect future lease revenues. As of December 31, 2024, the majority of our leases were operating leases with the exception of certain failed sale-leaseback transactions classified as notes receivable under the guidance provided by ASC 842 and investments in sales-type leases. Under these leases, we retain title to the leased equipment, thereby retaining the potential benefit and assuming the risk of the residual value of the leased equipment. 

We generally depreciate engines on a straight-line basis over 15 years to a 55% residual value. Aircraft and airframes are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over 13 to 20 years to a 17% residual value. The marine vessel is depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 18 years to a 15% residual value. Other leased parts and equipment are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over 14 to 15 years to a 25% residual value. When we pay for major overhauls, which improve functionality or extend the original useful life, they are capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of the estimated period to the next overhaul (“deferral method”) or the remaining useful life of the equipment. We do not accrue for planned major maintenance. For equipment which is unlikely to be repaired at the end of its current expected life, and is likely to be disassembled upon lease termination, we depreciate the equipment over its estimated life to a residual value based on an estimate of the wholesale value of the parts after disassembly. As of December 31, 2024, 14 engines having a net book value of $11.6 million were depreciated under this policy with estimated remaining useful lives up to 34 months.

Asset Valuation. Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable, and long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. When a long-lived asset is written down and moved to equipment held for sale from equipment held for lease, it is no longer depreciated.

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On a quarterly basis, management monitors the lease portfolio for events which may indicate that a particular asset may need to be evaluated for potential impairment. These events may include a decision to part-out or sell an asset, knowledge of specific damage to an asset, or supply/demand events which may impact the Company’s ability to lease an asset in the future. On an annual basis, even absent any such ‘triggering event’, we evaluate the carrying value of the assets in our lease portfolio to determine if any impairment exists.

Impairment may be identified by several factors, including, comparison of estimated sales proceeds or forecasted undiscounted cash flows over the life of the asset with the asset’s book value. If the forecasted undiscounted cash flows are less than the book value, the asset is written down to its fair value. When evaluating for impairment, we test at the individual asset level (e.g., engine or aircraft), as each asset generates its own stream of cash flows, including lease rents, maintenance reserves and repair costs.

We must make assumptions which underlie the most significant and subjective estimates in determining whether any impairment exists.  Those estimates, and the underlying assumptions, are as follows:

•Fair value – we determine fair value by reference to independent appraisals, quoted market prices (e.g., an offer to purchase) and other factors, including but not limited to current data from airlines, engine manufacturers and MRO providers, as well as specific market sales and repair cost data.

•Future cash flows – when evaluating the future cash flows that an asset will generate, we make assumptions regarding the lease market for specific engine models, including estimates of market lease rates and future demand. These assumptions are based upon lease rates that we are obtaining in the current market as well as our expectation of future demand for the specific engine/aircraft model. 

If the forecasted undiscounted cash flows and fair value of our long-lived assets decrease in the future, we may incur impairment charges. Write-downs of equipment to their estimated fair values totaled $11.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily reflecting an adjustment of the carrying value of one airframe and 11 engines. As of December 31, 2024, included within equipment held for lease and equipment held for sale was $50.8 million in remaining book value of 16 assets which were previously written down.

Write-downs of equipment to their estimated fair values totaled $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily reflecting an adjustment of the carrying value of five engines and two airframes. As of December 31, 2023, included within equipment held for lease and equipment held for sale was $31.9 million in remaining book value of 15 assets which were previously written down.

Management continuously monitors the aviation industry and evaluates any trends, events and uncertainties involving airlines, individual aircraft and engine models, as well as the engine leasing and sale market which would materially affect the methodology or assumptions employed by WLFC. We do not consider there to be any trends, events or uncertainties that currently exist or that are reasonably likely to occur that would materially affect our methodology or assumptions. However, should any arise, we will adjust our methodology and our disclosure accordingly.

Spare parts inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. An impairment charge for excess or inactive inventory is recorded based upon an analysis that considers current inventory levels, historical usage patterns, future sales expectations, and salvage value.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

The most recent adopted and to be adopted accounting pronouncements are described in Note 1(x) to our Consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023

Revenue is summarized as follows:

  Years Ended December 31,
  2024 2023 % Change
  (dollars in thousands)
Lease rent revenue $ 238,236  $ 213,138  11.8  %
Maintenance reserve revenue 213,908  133,668  60.0  %
Spare parts and equipment sales 27,099  20,359  33.1  %
Interest revenue 11,683  8,721  34.0  %
Gain on sale of leased equipment 45,063  10,581  325.9  %
Maintenance services revenue 24,158  24,168  —  %
Other revenue 9,076  7,920  14.6  %
Total revenue $ 569,223  $ 418,555  36.0  %

Lease Rent Revenue. Lease rent revenue consists of rental income from long-term and short-term engine leases, aircraft leases, and other leased parts and equipment. Lease rent revenue increased by $25.1 million, or 11.8%, to $238.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $213.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase is primarily due to an increase in the average size of the portfolio as compared to that of the prior period, offset by a slight decrease in average utilization (based on net book value) of equipment held in our operating lease portfolio, primarily as a result of the Company’s significant purchases of engines during December 2024, the majority of which were off-lease as of December 31, 2024.

Two customers accounted for approximately 11% each of total lease rent revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024. One customer accounted for approximately 15% of total lease rent revenue during the year ended December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $2,635.9 million of equipment held in our operating lease portfolio, $183.6 million of notes receivable, $31.1 million of maintenance rights, and $21.6 million of investments in sales-type leases. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $2,112.8 million of equipment held in our operating lease portfolio, $92.6 million of notes receivable, $9.2 million of maintenance rights, and $8.8 million of investments in sales-type leases. Average utilization (based on net book value) was approximately 83% and 84% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Maintenance Reserve Revenue. Maintenance reserve revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $80.2 million, or 60.0%, to $213.9 million from $133.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Long-term maintenance revenue was $39.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $15.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Long-term maintenance revenue is influenced by end of lease compensation and the realization of long-term maintenance reserves associated with engines coming off lease. Engines out on lease with “non-reimbursable” usage fees generated $174.5 million of short-term maintenance revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $118.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $56.2 million or 47.5%. The increase in short-term maintenance reserve revenue was influenced by an increase in the number of engines on short-term lease conditions, the timing of recognition of in-substance fixed payments, and the systematic, contractual increase in the hourly and cyclical usage rates on our engines.

Spare Parts and Equipment Sales. Spare parts and equipment sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased by $6.7 million, or 33.1%, to $27.1 million compared to $20.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in spare parts sales reflects the demand for surplus material that we are seeing as operators extend the lives of their current generation engine portfolios. Equipment sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $1.0 million for the sale of one engine. There were no equipment sales for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Interest Revenue. Interest revenue increased by $3.0 million, or 34.0%, to $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, from $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase primarily reflects an increase in notes receivable related to failed sale-leasebacks in which the Company was the buyer-lessor and on sales-type leases.

Gain on Sale of Leased Equipment. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold 35 engines, eight airframes, and other parts and equipment from the lease portfolio for a net gain of $45.1 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we sold 28 engines, one airframe, and other parts and equipment from the lease portfolio for a net gain of $10.6 million.
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Maintenance Services Revenue. Maintenance services revenue predominantly represents fleet management, engine and aircraft storage and repair services, and revenue related to management of fixed base operator services to third-party customers. Maintenance services revenue remained relatively flat for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Other Revenue. Other revenue increased by $1.2 million, or 14.6%, to $9.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $7.9 million in 2023. Other revenue consists primarily of managed service fee revenue related to the servicing of engines for the WMES lease portfolio. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to that of the prior year primarily reflects increased managed service revenue. These services include management of the WMES lease portfolio, which occurs on an ongoing basis, as well as marketing, which occurs on a transactional basis.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1.5 million, or 1.7%, to $92.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $90.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase is primarily due to an increase in the size of our lease portfolio.

Cost of Spare Parts and Equipment Sales. Cost of spare parts and equipment sales increased by $7.6 million, or 50.3%, to $22.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $15.2 million in the prior year period, reflecting the increase in spare parts and equipment sales. Cost of equipment sales were $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. There were no equipment or cost of equipment sales for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Cost of Maintenance Services. Cost of maintenance services increased by $3.3 million, or 15.6%, to $24.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $21.2 million for the for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase is primarily related to an increase in personnel costs, as a result of expansion of our aircraft tear down and repair services business, as well as an increase in facility related costs.

Write-down of Equipment. Write-downs of equipment to their estimated fair values totaled $11.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily reflecting an adjustment of the carrying value of one airframe and 11 engines. Write-downs of equipment to their estimated fair values totaled $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily reflecting an adjustment of the carrying value of two airframes and five engines.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $31.0 million, or 26.8%, to $146.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $115.7 million in 2023. The increase primarily reflects a $35.5 million increase in personnel costs, partially offset by a $3.3 million decrease in other taxes related to international tax treaties. Increased personnel costs included approximately $14.4 million of costs related directly and indirectly to share-based compensation, which was influenced by the rapid appreciation of the market value of the Company’s common stock. Share-based compensation included one-time special awards of $3.0 million and $1.7 million made at the direction of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company to our Executive Chairman and our President, respectively. Further, incentive compensation increased by $9.2 million as a result of full-year business performance to date as the Company’s incentive compensation expense has historically been formulaically derived from consolidated pre-tax, pre-incentive compensation earnings.

Technical Expense. Technical expenses consist of the non-capitalized cost of engine repairs, engine thrust rental fees, outsourced technical support services, sublease engine rental expense, engine storage, and freight costs. These expenses decreased by $5.8 million, or 20.7%, to $22.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $28.1 million in 2023. The decrease is primarily due to a lower level of engine repair activity as compared to that of the prior period.

Net Finance Costs. Net finance costs increased by $26.0 million, or 33.0%, to $104.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, from $78.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to an overall higher level of debt obligations, including increased borrowing costs. Interest expense associated with WEST VII Series A 2023 term notes payable increased by $25.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as the notes payable was not issued until late 2023. Further, there was additional interest expense of $6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 associated with WWFL, as the senior secured warehouse facility was not entered into until 2024. Additionally, derivative-related receipts were $12.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to $23.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as certain swap positions ran off. These increases were offset by a decrease in interest expense of $18.2 million associated with the Company’s credit facility for the year ended December 31, 2024, due to a decrease in the average outstanding balance of the credit facility over the course of the year.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased by $20.7 million, or 88.6% to $44.0 million from $23.3 million for the comparable period in 2023. The effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was 28.8% and 34.8%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate was predominantly due to a decrease in state taxes as a percentage of the overall rate.

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FINANCIAL POSITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

At December 31, 2024, the Company had $132.5 million of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. At December 31, 2024, $7.3 million in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were held in foreign subsidiaries.

We generate significant cash flow from our core business as evidenced by our net cash provided by operating activities, which was $284.4 million in 2024. Beyond cash provided through operations, we generally fund the growth of our business through a combination of equity and corporate borrowings secured by our equipment lease portfolio. Cash of approximately $1.3 billion and $625.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, was derived from this borrowing activity. In these same time periods $840.0 million and $665.5 million, respectively, was used to pay down related debt.

Our credit facility and senior secured warehouse credit facility are our primary source of capital to grow our business. We also access the ABS and other markets to establish term fixed rate debt financing to better match our long-lived assets. The ABS market continues to be open for issuers like the Company. Refer to Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for a detailed discussion of the Company’s debt obligations.

Preferred Stock Dividends

In October 2016, the Company sold and issued to DBJ an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) at a purchase price of $20.00 per share. The net proceeds to the Company after deducting investor fees were $19.8 million.

In September 2017, the Company sold and issued to DBJ an aggregate of 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s Series A-2 Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Series A-2 Preferred Stock”) at a purchase price of $20.00 per share. The net proceeds to the Company after deducting issuance costs were $29.7 million.

In September 2024, the Company entered into a Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with DBJ, which refinanced and expanded the Company’s Series A-1 and Series A-2 Preferred Stock into one $65.0 million Series A Preferred Stock series (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), which accrues quarterly dividends at the rate per annum of 8.35% per share. The net proceeds after deducting issuance costs were $13.1 million.

The Company’s Series A-1 Preferred Stock accrued quarterly dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% per share through October 15, 2023 and accrued at the rate per annum of 8.5% per share thereafter through September 26, 2024. The Series A-2 Preferred Stock accrued quarterly dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% per share. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid total preferred stock dividends of $3.5 million and $3.2 million, respectively.

Cash Flows Discussion

Cash flows provided by operating activities were $284.4 million and $229.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The $54.7 million, or 23.8%, increase in operating cash flows was primarily driven by a 60.0% increase in maintenance reserve revenue, reflecting increased levels of usage fees resulting from high levels of travel and supply chain constraints. Additionally, payments received on sales-type leases increased $25.9 million, and changes in receivables contributed to $38.5 million of incremental operating cash flows as collections improved. Partially offsetting these increases in operating cash flows was a year over year $29.5 million decline in cash flows from changes in inventory, reflecting investment in parts of high demand engine types, and a $27.0 million decline in cash flows from changes in unearned revenue driven by the increase in long-term maintenance revenue recognition. Cash flows from operations are driven significantly by payments made under our lease agreements, which comprise lease revenue, security deposits, and maintenance reserves, and are offset by interest expense and general and administrative costs. Cash received as maintenance reserve payments for some of our engines on lease are partially restricted by our debt arrangements. The lease revenue stream, in the short term, is at fixed rates while a portion of our debt is at variable rates. If interest rates increase, it is unlikely we could increase lease rates in the short term and this would cause a reduction in our earnings and operating cash flows. Revenue and maintenance reserves are also affected by the amount of equipment off lease. Approximately 74% and 84%, by book value, of our assets were on-lease as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our year-end 2024 on-lease rate was influenced by a large, late December 2024 purchase of nine off-lease Pratt & Whitney GTF Advantage™ engines. The average utilization rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately 83% and 84%, respectively. If there is an increase in off-lease rates or deterioration in lease rates that are not offset by reductions in interest rates, there will be a negative impact on earnings and cash flows from operations.

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Cash flows used in investing activities were $764.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and primarily reflected $830.5 million for the purchase of equipment held for operating lease (including capitalized costs and prepaid deposits made during the year), and $101.8 million related to leases entered into during 2024 which were classified as notes receivable under ASC 842, partly offset by $171.2 million in proceeds from sales of equipment (net of selling expenses). Cash flows used in investing activities were $92.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and primarily reflected $163.6 million for the purchase of equipment held for operating lease (including capitalized costs and prepaid deposits made during the year), and $15.4 million related to a lease entered into during 2023 which was classified as a note receivable under ASC 842, partly offset by $85.1 million in proceeds from sales of equipment (net of selling expenses).

Cash flows provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $445.0 million and primarily reflected $1,305.7 million and $13.1 million in proceeds from the issuance of debt obligations and preferred stock, respectively, partly offset by $840.0 million in principal payments, $11.6 million in new debt issuance costs, and $10.7 million in common stock cash dividends paid. Cash flows used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $57.9 million and primarily reflected $665.5 million in principal payments and $9.4 million in new debt issuance costs, partly offset by $625.7 million in proceeds from the issuance of debt obligation.

Debt Obligations and Covenant Compliance

At December 31, 2024, debt obligations totaled $2,264.6 million, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and note discounts, payable with interest rates varying between approximately 2.3% and 8.0%. Substantially all of our assets are pledged to secure our obligations to creditors. For further information on our debt instruments, see Note 5 “Debt Obligations” in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

In October 2024, the Company entered into a new, $1.0 billion, five-year, revolving credit facility with a consortium of lenders, refinancing its $500.0 million credit facility. The purpose of the revolving credit facility is to finance the acquisition of equipment for lease as well as for general working capital purposes, with the amounts drawn under the facility not to exceed that which is allowed under the borrowing base as defined by the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $307.0 million and $355.0 million were available under this facility, respectively. On a quarterly basis, the interest rate is adjusted based on the Company’s leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of the revolving credit facility. Under the revolving credit facility, some subsidiaries except WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL jointly and severally guarantee payment and performance of the terms of the loan agreement. The guarantee would be triggered by a default under the agreement.

In May 2024, WWFL, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a secured credit agreement with the Bank of Utah as security trustee and administrative agent and Bank of America, N.A. as facility agent. The secured credit agreement provides for a five-year non-recourse, senior secured warehouse credit facility with an availability period of two years and an initial committed amount of up to $500.0 million. The purpose of the senior secured warehouse credit facility is to finance the acquisition of equipment for lease as well as for general working capital purposes, with the amounts drawn under the facility not to exceed that which is allowed under the borrowing base as defined by the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2024, $278.1 million was available under this facility. On a quarterly basis, the interest rate is adjusted based on the Company’s leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of the senior secured warehouse credit facility. Pursuant to the secured warehouse credit facility, some subsidiaries except WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, and WEST VII jointly and severally guarantee payment and performance of the terms of the loan agreement. The guarantee would be triggered by a default under the agreement.

In October 2023, the Company and its direct, wholly-owned subsidiary WEST VII, closed its offering of $410.0 million aggregate principal amount of fixed rate notes. The notes are secured by, among other things, WEST VII’s direct and indirect interests in a portfolio of aircraft engines and airframes. The notes have a fixed coupon of 8.00%, an expected maturity in October 2029, and a final maturity date in October 2048. The notes were issued at a price of 98.84814% of par. Principal on the notes is payable monthly to the extent of available cash in accordance with a priority of payments included in the indenture.

The assets of WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL are not available to satisfy the Company’s obligations other than the obligations specific to that WEST entity or WWFL. WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL are consolidated for financial statement presentation purposes. WEST III’s, WEST IV’s, WEST V’s, WEST VI’s, WEST VII’s, and WWFL’s abilities to make distributions and pay dividends to the Company are subject to the prior payments of their debt and other obligations and their maintenance of adequate reserves and capital. Under WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL, cash is collected in restricted accounts, which is used to service the debt and any remaining amounts, after debt service and defined expenses, are distributed to the Company. Additionally, a portion of maintenance reserve payments and lease security deposits are formulaically accumulated in restricted accounts and are available to fund future maintenance events and to secure lease payments, respectively. The WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL indentures require that a minimum threshold of maintenance reserve and security deposit balances be held in restricted cash accounts.
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Virtually all of the Company’s debt requires ongoing compliance with the covenants of each financing, including debt and tangible net worth ratios, minimum interest coverage ratios, and other eligibility criteria including asset type, customer and geographic concentration restrictions. The Company also has certain negative financial covenants such as liens, advances, changes in business, sales of assets, dividends and stock repurchases. Compliance with these covenants is tested either monthly, quarterly, or annually, as required, and the Company was in full compliance with all financial covenant requirements at December 31, 2024.

At December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with the covenants specified in our revolving credit facility, including the Interest Coverage Ratio requirement of at least 2.25 to 1.00, and the Total Leverage Ratio requirement of not greater than 4.50 to 1.00. The Interest Coverage Ratio, as defined in the credit facility, is the ratio of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and other one-time charges to consolidated interest expense. The Total Leverage Ratio, as defined in the credit facility, is the ratio of total indebtedness to tangible net worth. At December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with the covenants specified in the WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL indentures and servicing and other debt related agreements.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Repayments of our gross debt obligations primarily consist of scheduled installments due under term loans and are funded by the use of unrestricted cash reserves and from cash flows from ongoing operations. The table below summarizes our contractual commitments at December 31, 2024:

  Payment due by period (in thousands)
Total Less than
1 Year
1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than
5 Years
Debt obligations $ 2,292,726  $ 70,690  $ 462,253  $ 1,704,231  $ 55,552 
Interest payments under debt obligations 548,240  132,103  239,030  172,410  4,697 
Purchase obligations 374,567  107,609  266,958  —  — 
Operating lease obligations 6,372  3,161  1,924  1,078  209 
Total $ 3,221,905  $ 313,563  $ 970,165  $ 1,877,719  $ 60,458 

From time to time we enter into contractual commitments to purchase engines directly from original equipment manufacturers. We are currently committed to purchasing six additional new LEAP-1B engines and 15 additional new LEAP-1A engines for an aggregate total of $374.6 million by 2027. Our purchase agreements generally contain terms that allow the Company to defer or cancel purchase commitments in certain situations. These deferrals or conversions would not result in penalties or increased costs other than any potential increase due to the normal year-over-year change in engine list prices, which is akin to ordinary inflation.

In December 2020, we entered into definitive agreements for the purchase of 25 Pratt & Whitney aircraft engines. As part of the purchase, we have committed to certain future overhaul and maintenance services which are anticipated to range between $93.3 million and $121.4 million by 2030.

$297.1 million of variable interest payments due under debt obligations, scheduled above, are estimated by applying the interest rates applicable at December 31, 2024 to the remaining debt, adjusted for the estimated debt repayments identified in the table above. Actual interest payments made will vary due to actual changes in the rates for one-month term SOFR.

We believe our equity base, internally generated funds and existing debt facilities are sufficient to maintain our level of operations through 2025. A decline in the level of internally generated funds could result if the amount of equipment off-lease increases, there is a decrease in availability under our existing debt facilities, or there is a significant step-up in borrowing costs. Such decline would impair our ability to sustain our level of operations. We continue to discuss additions to our capital base with our commercial and investment banks. If we are not able to access additional capital, our ability to continue to grow our asset base consistent with historical trends will be impaired and our future growth limited to that which can be funded from internally generated capital.

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MANAGEMENT OF INTEREST RATE EXPOSURE

At December 31, 2024, $914.9 million of our borrowings were on a variable rate basis at various interest rates tied to one-month term SOFR. Our equipment leases are generally structured at fixed rental rates for specified terms. Increases in interest rates could narrow or result in a negative spread between the rental revenue we realize under our leases and the interest rate that we pay under our borrowings. Historically, we have entered into interest rate derivative instruments to mitigate our exposure to interest rate risk; such investments are not intended to speculate or trade in derivative products. As of December 31, 2024, we have six interest rate swap agreements. During 2021, the Company entered into four fixed-rate interest swap agreements, each having notional amounts of $100.0 million, two of which matured during the year ended December 31, 2024 and two of which had remaining terms of 13 months as of December 31, 2024. One interest rate swap agreement was entered into during 2019, having a notional amount of $100.0 million, which matured during the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into three fixed-rate interest swap agreements, each having notional amounts of $50.0 million, and with remaining terms of 53 months as of December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company also entered into one fixed-rate interest swap agreement, having a notional amount of $75.0 million, and with a remaining term of 53 months as of December 31, 2024. The derivative instruments were each designated as cash flow hedges at inception and recorded at fair value. The net fair value of the interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $11.0 million and $16.5 million, respectively, each representing an asset and reflected within Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We record derivative instruments at fair value as either an asset or liability. We have used derivative instruments (primarily interest rate swaps) to manage the risk of interest rate fluctuation. While substantially all of our derivative transactions are entered into for the purposes described above, hedge accounting is only applied when specific criteria have been met and it is practical to do so. In order to apply hedge accounting, the transaction must be designated as a hedge and the hedge relationship must be highly effective. The hedging instrument’s effectiveness is assessed utilizing regression at the inception of the hedge and either regression or qualitative analysis on at least a quarterly basis throughout its life. All of the transactions that we have designated as hedges are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the gain or loss on a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the period during which the transaction being hedged affects earnings. The ineffective portion of these hedges flows through earnings in the current period. The Company recorded an adjustment to interest expense of $(12.0) million and $(23.4) million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from derivative investments.

For any interest rate swaps that we enter into, we will be exposed to risk in the event of non-performance of the interest rate hedge counter-parties. We anticipate that we may hedge additional amounts of our floating rate debt in the future.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Joint Ventures

“Other revenue” on the Consolidated Statements of Income includes management fees earned of $4.8 million and $2.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the servicing of engines for the WMES lease portfolio.

During 2024, the Company sold four engines to WMES for $50.5 million, which resulted in a net gain of $12.7 million for the Company. During 2023, WMES sold one engine to the Company for $22.3 million, and the Company sold two engines to WMES for $28.8 million, which resulted in a net gain of $6.5 million for the Company.

Other

During 2024, the Company paid approximately $0.1 million expense to Mikchalk Lake, LLC, an entity in which our Executive Chairman retains an ownership interest. These expenses were for lodging and other business-related services and were approved by the Board’s Independent Directors.

ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our primary market risk exposure is that of interest rate risk. A change in SOFR rates would affect our cost of borrowing. Increases in interest rates, which may cause us to raise the implicit rates charged to our customers, could result in a reduction in demand for our leases. Alternatively, we may price our leases based on market rates so as to keep the fleet on-lease and suffer a decrease in our operating margin due to interest costs that we are unable to pass on to our customers. As of December 31, 2024, $914.9 million of our outstanding debt is variable rate debt. We estimate that for every 1% increase or decrease in interest rate, the annual interest expense for our variable rate debt, would increase or decrease $4.9 million, as compared to $0.5 million as of December 31, 2023.

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We hedge a portion of our borrowings from time to time, effectively fixing the rate of these borrowings. This hedging activity helps protect us against reduced margins on longer term fixed rate leases. Such hedging activities may limit our ability to participate in the benefits of any decrease in interest rates, but may also protect us from increases in interest rates. Furthermore, since lease rates tend to vary with interest rate levels, it is possible that we can adjust lease rates for the effect of change in interest rates at the termination of leases. Other financial assets and liabilities are at fixed rates.

We are also exposed to currency devaluation risk. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 69% and 66% of our total lease rent revenues came from non-U.S. domiciled lessees, respectively. Substantially all of our leases require payment in U.S. dollars. If these lessees’ currency devalues against the U.S. dollar, the lessees could potentially encounter difficulty in making their lease payments.

ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The information required by this item is submitted as a separate section of this report beginning on page 44.

ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a)Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Based on management’s evaluation (with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”)), as of the end of the period covered by this report, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”)), are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b)Inherent Limitations on Controls. Management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent or detect all errors and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met.  Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to errors or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.  The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs.

(c)Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that: (a) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of assets; (b) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and Board of Directors; and (c) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer or persons performing similar functions to provide reasonable assurance to our management and board of directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounted principles.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment our management believes that, as of December 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting is effective under those criteria.

Grant Thornton LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Company’s 2024 consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report, issued an audit report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Grant Thornton’s audit report appears on page 45.

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(d)Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our fourth fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, none of the Company’s Section 16 officers or directors informed us of the adoption, modification, or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.

PART III

ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

We have adopted a Standards of Ethical Conduct Policy (the “Code of Ethics”) that applies to all directors and employees including our Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chief Financial Officer. The Code of Ethics is available on our website at www.wlfc.global. If we make any substantive amendments to the Code of Ethics or grant any waiver from a provision of the code to our Chief Executive Officer, President, or Chief Financial Officer, we will disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver on our website at www.wlfc.global under “Corporate Governance” or in a report on Form 8-K.

We have a long-standing commitment to ethical business conduct and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As part of this commitment, we have adopted an Insider Trading Policy, which is filed as Exhibit 19.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The remainder of the information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement.

ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement. 

ITEM 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information in Item 5 of this report regarding our Equity Compensation Plans is incorporated herein by reference. The remainder of the information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement.

ITEM 13.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement.

ITEM 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement.

PART IV

36

ITEM 15.    EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) (1) Financial Statements

The response to this portion of Item 15 is submitted as a separate section of this report beginning on page 44.

(a) (2) Financial Statement Schedules

Schedule II, Valuation Accounts, is submitted as a separate section of this report starting on page 82.

All other financial statement schedules have been omitted as the required information is not pertinent to the Registrant or is not material or because the required information is included in the Financial Statements and Notes thereto.

(a) (3),(b) and (c):Exhibits:  The response to this portion of Item 15 is submitted below.
37

EXHIBITS
Exhibit 
Number
Description
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
10.1†
10.2†
10.3†
10.4†
10.5†
10.6*
10.7*
38

10.8*
10.9*
10.10*
10.11†
10.12†
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16*
10.17*
10.18*
10.19*
10.20*
10.21*
10.22*
10.23*
10.24*
10.25*
10.26*
10.27*
10.28
10.29†
10.30*
10.31*
39

10.32*
10.33*
10.34*
10.35*
10.36*
10.37*
10.38*
10.39*
10.40*
10.41*
10.42*
10.43*
10.44*
10.45*
10.46*
10.47*
10.48*
10.49*
10.50*
10.51*
10.52*
10.53*
40

10.54*
10.55*
10.56*
10.57*#
10.58
10.59
10.60*
10.61*
10.62*
10.63*
10.64*
10.65
10.66*
10.67*
10.68*
10.69*
10.70*
10.71*
10.72*
10.73†
10.74*
10.75
10.76
19.1
41

21.1
23.1
31.1
31.2
32
97.1
101.INS  XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101 The following financial statements from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Preferred Stock and Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
________________________________________________________
*    Certain portions of this exhibit have been redacted pursuant to a Securities and Exchange Commission order granting confidential treatment or constitute confidential information have been redacted in accordance with Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(10).
#    Portions of this exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K.
†    Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
ITEM 16.    FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.

42

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized officers and directors.

Dated: March 11, 2025
Willis Lease Finance Corporation
By: /s/ AUSTIN C. WILLIS
Austin C. Willis
Chief Executive Officer and Director

Dated: Title Signature
Date: March 11, 2025 Chief Executive Officer and Director /s/ AUSTIN C. WILLIS
(Principal Executive Officer) Austin C. Willis
Date: March 11, 2025 Chief Financial Officer /s/ SCOTT B. FLAHERTY
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Scott B. Flaherty
Date: March 11, 2025 Director /s/ BRENDAN J. CURRAN
Brendan J. Curran
Date: March 11, 2025 Director /s/ STEPHEN F. JONES
Stephen F. Jones
Date: March 11, 2025 Director /s/ COLM BARRINGTON
Colm Barrington
Date: March 11, 2025 Executive Chairman and Director /s/ CHARLES F. WILLIS, IV
Charles F. Willis, IV
43

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
44

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Shareholders
Willis Lease Finance Corporation

Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Willis Lease Finance Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, redeemable preferred stock and shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedules included under Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated March 11, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical audit matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Valuation of equipment held for operating lease

45

As described further in Notes 1(d) and 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company reviews its equipment held for operating lease (which is inclusive of certain failed sale-leaseback transactions classified as notes receivable and investments in sales-type leases), for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, and annually, for certain equipment held for operating lease. With respect to the annual review, indicators of impairment are identified by review of independent appraisals. If an indicator of impairment is identified, the Company performs an analysis of undiscounted forecasted cash flows over the life of the asset as compared to the asset book value. When an asset’s undiscounted forecasted cash flows are less than the book value, an impairment charge is recorded for the difference between carrying value and fair value. Fair value is determined by reference to independent appraisals, quoted market prices (e.g., an offer to purchase) and other factors considered relevant by the Company. As a result of the annual impairment test, the Company recorded impairment charges of $6.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the balance of equipment held for operating lease, notes receivable and investments in sales-type leases was $2.6 billion, $184 million and $22 million, respectively. We identified the valuation of equipment held for operating lease as a critical audit matter.

The principal considerations for our determination that the valuation of equipment held for operating lease is a critical audit matter are that subjective auditor judgment was required to evaluate: (i) the assumptions used by management engaged independent appraisers, including the accuracy of data provided to management’s specialist to determine the fair value; and (ii) the assumptions used by management to calculate the undiscounted future cash flows, including assumptions of estimated lease rates, maintenance revenues, future shop visits and remaining lease periods.

Our audit procedures related to the valuation of equipment held for operating lease included the following, among others:

•We evaluated the design and operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to management’s review of the independent appraiser’s report, including the accuracy of data provided to management’s specialist and the review of assumptions used to determine undiscounted future cash flows.

•We evaluated management’s method for determining indicators of impairment, including the potential of management bias.

•We tested the annual impairment analysis as follows:

•Evaluated the completeness and accuracy of the population of assets included in the analysis;

•For a selection of assets, validated the relevant asset condition data that management provided to the independent appraisers;

•Evaluated the reasonableness of the following assumptions used in the undiscounted cash flows by comparing them to historical and Company specific data: estimated lease rates, maintenance revenues, future shop visits and remaining lease periods;

•With the assistance of valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, we: (i) evaluated the qualification of management engaged independent appraisers; and (ii) assessed the reasonableness of the methodologies used and appraised values determined by comparing a selection of appraised values to published industry benchmark values of comparable assets.

/s/ Grant Thornton LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021.

Cincinnati, Ohio
March 11, 2025










46

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Shareholders
Willis Lease Finance Corporation

Opinion on internal control over financial reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Willis Lease Finance Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, and our report dated March 11, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Grant Thornton LLP

Cincinnati, Ohio
March 11, 2025
47

WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share data)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 9,110  $ 7,071 
Restricted cash 123,392  160,958 
Equipment held for operating lease, less accumulated depreciation of $613,118 and $594,293 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively
2,635,910  2,112,837 
Maintenance rights 31,134  9,180 
Equipment held for sale 12,269  805 
Receivables, net of allowances of $1,316 and $2,311 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively
38,291  58,485 
Spare parts inventory 72,150  40,954 
Investments 62,670  58,044 
Property, equipment & furnishings, less accumulated depreciation of $22,784 and $19,374 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively
48,061  37,160 
Intangible assets, net 2,929  1,040 
Notes receivable, net of allowances of $247 and $69 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively
183,629  92,621 
Investments in sales-type leases, net of allowances of $22 and $9 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively
21,606  8,759 
Other assets 56,045  64,430 
Total assets (1) $ 3,297,196  $ 2,652,344 
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 75,983  $ 52,937 
Deferred income taxes 185,049  147,779 
Debt obligations 2,264,552  1,802,881 
Maintenance reserves 97,817  92,497 
Security deposits 23,424  23,790 
Unearned revenue 37,911  43,533 
Total liabilities (2) 2,684,736  2,163,417 
Redeemable preferred stock ($0.01 par value, 5,000 shares authorized; 3,250 shares and 2,500 issued at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
63,122  49,964 
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock ($0.01 par value, 20,000 shares authorized; 7,173 and 6,849 shares issued at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively)
72  68 
Paid-in capital in excess of par 50,928  29,667 
Retained earnings 491,439  397,781 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of income tax expense of $1,981 and $3,276 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively
6,899  11,447 
Total shareholders’ equity 549,338  438,963 
Total liabilities, redeemable preferred stock and shareholders’ equity $ 3,297,196  $ 2,652,344 
________________________________________________________
1.Total assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 include the following assets of variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that can only be used to settle the liabilities of the VIEs: Restricted cash $123,392 and $160,958; Equipment $1,681,197 and $1,518,050; Maintenance rights $12,708 and $7,806; Notes receivable $139,853 and $91,960; Investments in sales-type leases $17,752 and $3,564; and Other assets $11,973 and $13,339, respectively.
48

2.Total liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023 include the following liabilities of VIEs for which the VIEs’ creditors do not have recourse to Willis Lease Finance Corporation: Debt obligations $1,518,391 and $1,411,680, respectively. Further, refer to Note 10 of the consolidated financial statements for details of the Company’s commitments and contingencies.
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
49

WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except per share data)
Years Ended December 31,
2024 2023
REVENUE
Lease rent revenue $ 238,236  $ 213,138 
Maintenance reserve revenue 213,908  133,668 
Spare parts and equipment sales 27,099  20,359 
Interest revenue 11,683  8,721 
Gain on sale of leased equipment 45,063  10,581 
Maintenance services revenue 24,158  24,168 
Other revenue 9,076  7,920 
Total revenue 569,223  418,555 
EXPENSES
Depreciation and amortization expense 92,460  90,925 
Cost of spare parts and equipment sales 22,852  15,207 
Cost of maintenance services 24,470  21,159 
Write-down of equipment 11,228  4,398 
General and administrative 146,757  115,740 
Technical expense 22,294  28,109 
Net finance costs:
Interest expense 104,764  78,795 
Total net finance costs 104,764  78,795 
Total expenses 424,825  354,333 
Income from operations 144,398  64,222 
Income from joint ventures 8,247  2,908 
Income before income taxes 152,645  67,130 
Income tax expense 44,033  23,349 
Net income 108,612  43,781 
Preferred stock dividends 4,126  3,334 
Accretion of preferred stock issuance costs 108  75 
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 104,378  $ 40,372 
Basic weighted average earnings per common share: $ 15.97  $ 6.40 
Diluted weighted average earnings per common share: $ 15.34  $ 6.23 
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 6,536  6,305 
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 6,804  6,481 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
50

WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Net income $ 108,612  $ 43,781 
Other comprehensive income:
Currency translation adjustment (414) (523)
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments (5,472) (18,309)
Reclassification of gain on derivative instruments to interest expense —  (247)
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments at joint venture (205) (530)
Net loss recognized in other comprehensive income (6,091) (19,609)
Tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive income (1,349) (4,313)
Other comprehensive loss (4,742) (15,296)
Total comprehensive income $ 103,870  $ 28,485 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
51


WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Preferred Stock and Shareholders’ Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
(In thousands, except per share data)
Shareholders' Equity
Redeemable Accumulated Other
Preferred Stock Common Stock Paid-in Capital in Retained Comprehensive Total Shareholders’
Shares Amount Shares Amount Excess of par Earnings Income Equity
Balances at December 31, 2022 2,500 $ 49,889  6,615  $ 66  $ 20,386  $ 357,493  $ 26,743  $ 404,688 
Net income —  —  —  —  —  43,781  —  43,781 
Net unrealized loss from currency translation adjustment, net of tax benefit of $115
—  —  —  —  —  —  (408) (408)
Net unrealized loss from derivative instruments, net of tax benefit of $4,143
—  —  —  —  —  —  (14,696) (14,696)
Net realized gain from derivative instruments, net of tax expense of $55
—  —  —  —  —  —  (192) (192)
Shares issued under stock compensation plans —  —  345  271  —  —  274 
Cancellation of restricted stock units in satisfaction of withholding tax —  —  (111) (1) (5,792) —  —  (5,793)
Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures —  —  —  —  14,802  —  —  14,802 
Accretion of preferred shares issuance costs —  75  —  —  —  (75) —  (75)
Preferred stock dividends ($1.33 per share)
—  —  —  —  —  (3,334) —  (3,334)
Cumulative effect due to adoption of new accounting standard —  —  —  —  —  (84) —  (84)
Balances at December 31, 2023 2,500  49,964  6,849  68  29,667  397,781  11,447  438,963 
Net income —  —  —  —  108,612  —  108,612 
Net unrealized loss from currency translation adjustment, net of tax benefit of $105
—  —  —  —  —  —  (309) (309)
Net unrealized loss from derivative instruments, net of tax benefit of $1,244
—  —  —  —  —  —  (4,239) (4,239)
Shares issued under stock compensation plans —  —  470  257  —  —  262 
Cancellation of restricted stock in satisfaction of withholding tax —  —  (146) (1) (8,243) —  —  (8,244)
Stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures —  —  —  —  29,247  —  —  29,247 
Issuance of preferred stock 750  13,050  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Accretion of preferred shares issuance costs —  108  —  —  —  (108) —  (108)
Common stock cash dividends paid ($1.50 per share)
—  —  —  —  —  (10,720) —  (10,720)
Preferred stock dividends ($1.53 per share)
—  —  —  —  —  (4,126) —  (4,126)
Balances at December 31, 2024 3,250  $ 63,122  7,173  $ 72  $ 50,928  $ 491,439  $ 6,899  $ 549,338 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
52

WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
  Years Ended December 31,
  2024 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 108,612  $ 43,781 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense 92,460  90,925 
Gain on sale of leased equipment (45,063) (10,581)
Payments received on sales-type leases 30,510  4,570 
Stock-based compensation expense 29,247  14,802 
Accretion of deferred costs and note discounts 10,293  6,150 
Income from joint ventures (8,247) (2,908)
Write-down of equipment 11,228  4,398 
Allowances and provisions (716) 838 
Amortization of contract-based intangible asset 2,749  — 
Gain on insurance proceeds (73) (761)
Gain on derivative instruments —  (247)
Loss on disposal of property, equipment and furnishings — 
Deferred income taxes 38,581  19,652 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Receivables 21,100  (17,375)
Inventory (31,189) (1,710)
Other assets 676  3,247 
Distributions received from joint ventures 3,002  — 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 20,698  17,154 
Maintenance reserves 5,592  32,159 
Security deposits (366) 3,300 
Unearned revenue (4,688) 22,334 
Net cash provided by operating activities 284,406  229,737 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of equipment held for operating lease and for sale (830,479) (163,640)
Proceeds from sale of equipment (net of selling expenses) 171,153  85,061 
Issuance of notes receivable (101,768) (15,397)
Purchase of property, equipment and furnishings (15,631) (5,140)
Payments received on notes receivable 10,582  4,147 
Insurance proceeds received on property, equipment and furnishings 1,235  — 
Insurance proceeds received on equipment —  2,189 
Net cash used in investing activities (764,908) (92,780)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt obligations 1,305,705  625,727 
Principal payments on debt obligations (840,038) (665,480)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net 13,050  — 
Debt issuance costs (11,580) (9,431)
Common stock cash dividends paid (10,720) — 
Cancellation of restricted stock units in satisfaction of withholding tax (8,244) (5,793)
Preferred stock dividends (3,460) (3,241)
Proceeds from shares issued under stock compensation plans 262  274 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 444,975  (57,944)
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (35,527) 79,013 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 168,029  89,016 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 132,502  $ 168,029 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Net cash paid for:
Interest $ 100,680  $ 76,913 
Income Taxes $ 7,091  $ 505 
53

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash activities:
Transfers from Equipment held for operating lease to Investments in sales-type leases $ 43,370  $ 6,898 
Transfers from Equipment held for operating lease to Equipment held for sale $ 25,907  $ 1,901 
Transfers from Equipment held for operating lease to Spare parts inventory $ 4,521  $ 667 
Transfers from Spare parts inventory to Equipment held for operating lease $ 4,514  $ — 
Non-cash additions to Equipment held for operating lease (1) $ 8,939  $ 2,817 
Accretion of preferred stock issuance costs $ 108  $ 75 
________________________________________________________
1.During 2024, the Company engaged in exchange transactions involving monetary consideration with third parties in which the Company sold aircraft engine(s) in exchange for the purchase of aircraft engine(s). These transactions were accounted for under ASC 805 and ASC 845 and resulted in a total of $7.7 million in non-cash additions to equipment held for operating lease for the associated total gain. In addition, the Company had $1.2 million in non-cash additions to equipment held for operating lease related to purchases included in accrued expenses. During 2023, the Company engaged in exchange transactions involving monetary consideration with third parties in which the Company sold aircraft engine(s) in exchange for the purchase of aircraft engine(s). These transactions were accounted for under ASC 805 and ASC 845 and resulted in a total of $2.8 million in non-cash additions to equipment held for operating lease for the associated total gain, $0.4 million of which was deferred.

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
54

WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Unless the context requires otherwise, references to the “Company,” “WLFC,” “we,” “us” or “our” in these consolidated financial statements on Form 10-K refer to Willis Lease Finance Corporation and its subsidiaries.

(a)Organization

Willis Lease Finance Corporation with its subsidiaries is a provider of aviation services whose primary focus is providing operating leases of commercial aircraft, aircraft engines and other aircraft-related equipment to air carriers, manufacturers and overhaul/repair facilities worldwide. The Company also engages in the selective purchase and resale of commercial aircraft engines.

Willis Aeronautical Services, Inc. (“Willis Aero”) is a wholly-owned and vertically-integrated subsidiary whose primary focus is the sale of aircraft engine parts and materials through the acquisition or consignment of aircraft engines.

Willis Asset Management Limited (“Willis Asset Management”) is a wholly-owned and vertically-integrated subsidiary whose primary focus is the engine management and consulting business.

Willis Engine Securitization Trust III (“WEST III” or the “WEST III Notes”) is a bankruptcy remote special purpose vehicle which was established for the purpose of financing aircraft engines through an asset-backed securitization (“ABS”), of which the Company is the sole beneficiary. WEST III is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) which the Company owns 100% of the interest and consolidates in its financial statements. 

Willis Engine Securitization Trust IV (“WEST IV” or the “WEST IV Notes”) is a bankruptcy remote special purpose vehicle which was established for the purpose of financing aircraft engines through an ABS, of which the Company is the sole beneficiary. WEST IV is a VIE which the Company owns 100% of the interest and consolidates in its financial statements.

Willis Engine Structured Trust V (“WEST V” or the “WEST V Notes”) is a bankruptcy remote special purpose vehicle which was established for the purpose of financing aircraft engines through an ABS, of which the Company is the sole beneficiary. WEST V is a VIE which the Company owns 100% of the interest and consolidates in its financial statements.

Willis Engine Securitization Trust VI (“WEST VI” or the “WEST VI Notes”) is a bankruptcy remote special purpose vehicle which was established for the purpose of financing aircraft engines through an ABS, of which the Company is the sole beneficiary. WEST VI is a VIE which the Company owns 100% of the interest and consolidates in its financial statements.

In 2023, the Company and its direct, wholly-owned subsidiary, Willis Engine Structured Trust VII (“WEST VII”), closed its offering of $410.0 million aggregate principal amount of fixed rate notes (the “WEST VII Notes”). WEST VII is a bankruptcy remote special purpose vehicle which was established for the purpose of financing aircraft engines through an ABS, of which the Company is the sole beneficiary. WEST VII is a VIE which the Company owns 100% of the interest and consolidates in its financial statements.

In 2024, the Company and its direct, wholly-owned subsidiary, Willis Warehouse Facility LLC (“WWFL”), entered into a secured credit agreement with the Bank of Utah as security trustee and administrative agent and Bank of America, N.A. as facility agent. The secured credit agreement provides for a five-year non-recourse, senior secured warehouse credit facility with an availability period of two years and an initial committed amount of up to $500.0 million. Proceeds from the Credit Facility will be used to finance the acquisition of certain assets, including (i) aircraft engines, (ii) airframes and (iii) loan assets that are secured by aircraft engines or airframes. WWFL is a VIE which the Company owns 100% of the interest and consolidates in its financial statements.

Principal and interest on the WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, and WEST VII Notes are payable monthly to the extent of available cash in accordance with a priority of payments included in the respective indenture agreements. Interest on the loans under the senior secured warehouse credit facility are payable monthly.

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The WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, and WEST VII Notes, as well as the loans under the senior secured warehouse credit facility, are secured by, among other things, the direct and indirect interests in a portfolio of assets of the respective ABS or senior secured warehouse credit facility. The WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, and WEST VII Notes have scheduled amortizations and are payable solely from revenue received from the lease portfolios, after payment of certain expenses of the respective ABS. The assets of WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL are not available to satisfy the Company’s obligations other than the obligations specific to the respective ABS or senior secured warehouse credit facility. WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL are consolidated for financial statement presentation purposes, with the respective assets and liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The ability of each ABS, as well as WWFL’s ability to make distributions and pay dividends to the Company are subject to the prior payments of its debt and other obligations and maintenance of adequate reserves and capital. Under each ABS, as well as under WWFL, cash is collected in a restricted account, which is used to service the debt and any remaining amounts, after debt service and defined expenses, are distributed to the Company. Additionally, a portion of the maintenance reserve payments and lease security deposits are formulaically accumulated in restricted accounts and are available to fund future maintenance events and to secure lease payments, respectively.

Additionally, in connection with WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL, the Company entered into servicing agreements and administrative agency agreements to provide certain engine, lease management and reporting functions in return for fees based on a percentage of collected lease revenues and asset sales. Because WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL are consolidated for financial statement reporting purposes, all fees eliminate upon consolidation.

(b)Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of WLFC and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including VIEs in which the Company is the primary beneficiary, in accordance with consolidation guidance. The Company first evaluates all entities in which it has an economic interest to determine whether for accounting purposes the entity is either a VIE or voting interest entity. If the entity is a VIE, the Company consolidates the financial statements of that entity if it is the primary beneficiary of such entities’ activities. If the entity is a voting interest entity, the Company consolidates the entity when it has a majority of voting interests in such entity. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year presentation to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported total revenue, income from operations, or net income. The following is a summary of the changes to the presentation in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2023:

•Maintenance services revenue predominantly represents fleet management, engine and aircraft storage and repair services, and revenue related to management of fixed base operator services. In prior years, these revenues were included in Other revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the reclassification resulted in an increase of $24.2 million in Maintenance services revenues and a decrease of $24.2 million in Other revenue.

•Cost of maintenance services predominantly represents the costs of fleet management, engine and aircraft storage and repair services, and the management of fixed base operator services. In prior years, these expenses were predominantly included in General and administrative expense. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the reclassification resulted in a net increase of $21.2 million in Cost of maintenance services, a decrease of $29.0 million in General and administrative expense, and a net increase in Technical expense of $7.9 million.

(c)Revenue Recognition

Leasing revenue

Revenue from leasing of engines, aircraft and related parts and equipment is recognized as operating lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the terms of the applicable lease agreements. Revenue is not recognized when cash collection is not reasonably assured. When collectability is not reasonably assured, the customer is placed on non-accrual status, and revenue is recognized when cash payments are received. Lease rent payments are typically due in advance of the first day of each rental period.

Under the terms of some of the Company’s leases, the lessees pay use fees (also known as maintenance reserves) to the Company based on usage of the leased asset, which are designed to cover expected future maintenance costs. Some of these amounts are reimbursable to the lessee if they make specifically defined maintenance expenditures. Use fees received are recognized in revenue as maintenance reserve revenue if they are not reimbursable to the lessee. Use fees that are reimbursable are recorded as a maintenance reserve liability until they are reimbursed to the lessee, the lease terminates, or the obligation to reimburse the lessee for such reserves ceases to exist, at which time they are recognized in revenue as maintenance reserve revenue. Use fees are due in arrears, typically 15 days after each month-end.

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Unearned Revenue includes deferred nonrefundable use fees which qualify as in-substance fixed lease payments due to the lessee’s requirement to make certain minimum payments. These in-substance fixed lease payments are recognized ratably over the expected lease term rather than when the variable use fees are invoiced. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were $21.7 million and $28.4 million, respectively, of deferred in-substance fixed payment use fees included in Unearned Revenue.

Certain lessees may be significantly delinquent in their rental payments and may default on their lease obligations. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had an aggregate of approximately $3.9 million in lease rent and $3.6 million in maintenance reserve receivables more than 30 days past due. Inability to collect receivables or to repossess engines or other leased equipment in the event of a default by a lessee could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts for receivables it does not consider fully collectible. The allowance for doubtful accounts includes the following: (1) specific reserves for receivables which are impaired for which management believes full collection is doubtful, and (2) a general reserve for estimated losses based on historical experience.

The Company also estimates an allowance for credit losses. Receivables, net of allowances, include amounts billed to customers in which the right to payment is unconditional. The Company maintains an allowance for trade receivables to provide for the estimated amount that will not be collected, even when the risk of loss is remote. The allowance is measured on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist and is established as a percentage of accounts receivable. The percentage is based on all available and relevant information including age of outstanding receivables, historical payment experience and loss history, current economic conditions, and, when reasonable and supportable factors exist, management’s expectation of future economic conditions. A write-off is recorded when all or part of the receivable is deemed uncollectible. Write-offs are charged against the previously established allowance for credit losses. Partial or full recoveries of amounts previously written off are generally recognized as a reduction in the allowance for credit losses.

Notes receivable and investments in sales-type leases, net of allowances, represent the current remaining balances that the Company expects to collect for failed sale-leaseback transactions and sales-type leases. The Company establishes allowances for credit losses to cover probable but specifically unknown losses existing in the portfolio. In doing so, the Company categorizes financial assets by pools with similar risk characteristics, including whether the financial asset is collateral-backed and whether the customer is placed on non-accrual status. A write-off is recorded when all or part of the financial asset is deemed uncollectible. Write-offs are charged against previously established allowances for credit losses. Partial or full recoveries of amounts previously written off are generally recognized as a reduction in the allowances for credit losses.

Two customers accounted for approximately 11% each of total lease rent revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024. One customer accounted for approximately 15% of total lease rent revenue during the year ended December 31, 2023. One customer accounted for 11% and 12%, respectively, of total receivables during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Spare parts sales

The Spare Parts Sales reportable segment primarily engages in the sale of aircraft engine parts and materials through the acquisition or consignment of engines from third parties or the Company’s leasing operations. The parts are sold at a fixed price with no right of return. In determining the performance obligation, management has identified the promise in the contract to be the shipment of the spare parts to the customer.  Title passes to the buyer when the goods are shipped, the buyer is responsible for any loss in transit, and the Company has a legal right to payment for the spare parts. Management has determined that physical acceptance of the spare parts to be a formality in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606-10-5-86. 

The spare parts transaction price is a fixed dollar amount and is stated on each purchase order for a fixed amount by total number of parts. Spare parts revenue is based on a set price for a set number of parts as defined in the purchase order. The performance obligation is completed once the parts have shipped and, as a result, all of the transaction price is allocated to that performance obligation. Management has determined that it is appropriate for the Company to recognize spare parts sales at a point in time (i.e., the date the parts are shipped) under ASC 606. Spare parts sales generally have 30-day payment terms.

Equipment sales

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Equipment sales represent the selective purchase and resale of commercial aircraft engines and other aircraft equipment. The Company and customer enter into an agreement which outlines the place and date of sale, purchase price, payment terms, condition of the asset, bill of sale, and the assignment of rights and warranties from the Company to the customer. Management has identified the promise in the equipment sale contract to be the transfer of ownership of the asset. Management believes that the asset holds stand-alone value to the customer as it is not dependent on any other services for functionality purposes, and therefore is distinct within the context of the contract and as described in ASC 606-10. As such, management has identified the transfer of the asset as the performance obligation. The transaction price is set at a fixed dollar amount per fixed quantity (number of assets) and is explicitly stated in each contract. Equipment sales revenue is based on a set price for a set number of assets, which is allocated to the performance obligation discussed above, in its entirety. The Company has determined the date of transfer to the customer to be the date that the customer obtains control and title over the asset and the date which revenue is to be recognized and payment is due. Payment on equipment sales is generally due upon closing of the sale.

Interest revenue

Interest revenue represents interest earned on notes receivable related to failed sale-leasebacks in which the Company was the buyer-lessor and on sales-type leases.

Gain on sale of leased equipment  

The Company regularly sells equipment from its lease portfolio. This equipment may or may not be subject to a lease at the time of sale. The net gain or loss on such sales is recognized as revenue and consists of proceeds associated with the sale less the net book value of the asset sold and any direct costs associated with the sale. To the extent that deposits associated with the equipment are not included in the sale, any such amount is included in the calculation of gain or loss.

Gain on sale of financial assets

Some of the Company’s leases are recorded as financial assets and classified as notes receivable under ASC 842 as they are failed sale-leaseback transactions. The Company may sell its engines that are classified as notes receivable, and the net gain or loss on such sales is recognized as revenue and consists of proceeds associated with the sale less the net book value of the asset sold and any direct costs associated with the sale. To the extent that deposits associated with the equipment are not included in the sale, any such amount is included in the calculation of gain or loss.

Maintenance services revenue

Maintenance services revenue predominantly represents fleet management, engine and aircraft storage and repair services, and revenue related to fixed base operator services provided to third parties, such as refueling, maintenance, and hangar services. Fleet management services are performed for a stated fixed fee as agreed upon in the services agreement, and customers are billed monthly. Engine and aircraft storage services are for a fixed monthly fee. For a contract containing more than one performance obligation, the allocation of the transaction price is generally performed on the basis of the relative stand-alone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. As each of the services provided within the contract have separate prices, the Company allocates the price to its related performance obligation described above. Management has determined that each of the revenue elements contain performance obligations that are satisfied over time and therefore recognizes revenue over time in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-27. The Company utilizes the percentage-of-completion method (input method) for recognizing fleet management services and will calculate revenues based on labor hours incurred. Additionally, as is required by ASC 606-10-25-35, as circumstances change over time, the Company will update its measure of progress to reflect any changes in the outcome of the performance obligation. Engine and aircraft storage services are recognized on a monthly basis, utilizing the input method of days passed. Maintenance and repair related services are typically billed once the related maintenance is completed. Maintenance services revenue generally has 30-day payment terms.

Other revenue

Other revenue consists primarily of managed service fee revenue related to the servicing of engines for the Willis Mitsui & Company Engine Support Limited (“WMES”) lease portfolio. These services include management of the WMES lease portfolio, which occurs on an ongoing basis, as well as marketing, which occurs on a transactional basis. Revenue related to ongoing services is recognized on a monthly basis, and revenue related to transactional services is recognized upon close of the sale. Payments are typically due upon receipt.

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The following table presents a summary of revenue based on location of customer (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Region or Country (in thousands)
United States $ 153,045  $ 133,629 
Europe 134,509  99,961 
Asia-Pacific (excluding India) 106,837  68,581 
India 92,483  67,531 
Canada 42,077  17,307 
South America 36,059  23,374 
Central America 3,130  4,495 
Middle East 937  3,330 
Other 146  347 
Total revenue $ 569,223  $ 418,555 

(d)Equipment Held for Operating Lease

Aircraft assets held for operating lease are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Certain costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of aircraft assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. Major overhauls paid for by the Company, which improve functionality or extend the original useful life, are capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of the estimated period to the next overhaul (“deferral method”) or the remaining useful life of the equipment. The Company does not accrue for planned major maintenance. The cost of overhauls of aircraft assets under long-term leases, for which the lessee is responsible for maintenance during the period of the lease, are paid for by the lessee or from reimbursable maintenance reserves paid to the Company in accordance with the lease and are not capitalized.

Based on specific aspects of the equipment, the Company generally depreciates engines on a straight-line basis over a 15-year period from the acquisition date to a 55% residual value. This methodology reflects the Company’s typical holding period for the engine assets and that the residual value assumption reasonably approximates the selling price of the assets 15 years from the date of acquisition. The typical 15-year holding period is the estimated useful life of the Company’s engines based on its business model and plans and represents how long the Company anticipates holding a newly acquired engine. The technical useful life of a new engine can be in excess of 25 years. The Company reviews the useful lives and residual values of all engines periodically as demand changes to accurately depreciate the cost of equipment over the useful lives of the engines.

The aircraft and airframes owned by the Company are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 13 to 20 years to a 17% residual value. The marine vessel owned by the Company is depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 18 years to a 15% residual value. The other leased parts and related equipment owned by the Company are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 14 to 15 years to a 25% residual value.

The useful lives of older generation engines and aircraft may be significantly less based upon the technical status of the engine, as well as supply and demand factors. For these older generation engines and aircraft, the remaining useful lives and the remaining expected holding periods are typically the same. For older generation engines or aircraft that are unlikely to be repaired at the end of the current expected useful lives, the Company depreciates the engines or aircraft over their estimated lives to a residual value based on an estimate of the wholesale value of the parts after disassembly. As of December 31, 2024, 14 engines having a net book value of $11.6 million were depreciated under this policy with estimated remaining useful lives up to 34 months. The Company adjusts its estimates annually for these older generation assets, including updating estimates of an engine’s or aircraft’s remaining operating life as well as future residual value expected from part-out based on the current technical status of the engine or aircraft.

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The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including certain failed sale-leaseback transactions classified as notes receivable or investments in sales-type leases under ASC 842, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Impairment is identified by review of appraisals or by comparison of undiscounted forecasted cash flows, including estimated sales proceeds, over the life of the asset with the assets’ book value. If the undiscounted forecasted cash flows are less than the book value, the asset is written down to its fair value. Fair value is determined per individual asset by reference to independent appraisals, quoted market prices (e.g., an offer to purchase) and other factors considered relevant by the Company. The Company evaluates assets during the year if a triggering event is identified indicating impairment is possible and also conducts a formal annual review of the carrying values of long-lived assets. The formal annual review resulted in $6.3 million in impairment charge in 2024 and $2.0 million in impairment charge in 2023. Additionally, the Company recorded impairment charges of $4.9 million and $2.4 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively, as a result of triggering events occurring during the year. These write-downs are included in “Write-down of equipment” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. 

(e)Equipment Held for Sale

Equipment held for sale includes assets being marketed for sale as well as third-party consigned assets. The assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

(f)Debt Issuance Costs and Related Fees

Fees paid in order to secure debt are capitalized, included in Debt obligations on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and amortized over the life of the related loan using the effective interest method.

Interest expense related to the accretion of debt issuance costs and note discounts was $7.6 million and $4.8 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(g)Interest Rate Hedging

The Company enters into various derivative instruments periodically to mitigate the exposure on variable rate borrowings. The derivative instruments are fixed-rate interest swaps that are recorded at fair value as either an asset or liability.

While substantially all of the Company’s derivative transactions are entered into for the purposes described above, hedge accounting is only applied when specific criteria have been met and it is practicable to do so. In order to apply hedge accounting, the transaction must be designated as a hedge and it must be highly effective. The hedging instrument’s effectiveness is assessed utilizing both a dollar offset and regression testing approach at the inception of the hedge and either a dollar offset and regression testing approach or qualitative analysis on at least a quarterly basis throughout its life. All of the transactions that the Company has designated as hedges are cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the change in fair value on a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the period during which the transaction being hedged affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the hedges is recorded in earnings in the current period.

(h)Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of “temporary differences” by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in the tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes in the financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs (see Note 7).

The Company files income tax returns in various states and countries which may have different statutes of limitations. The Company records penalties and accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Such adjustments have historically been minimal and immaterial to our financial results.
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(i)Property, Equipment and Furnishings

Property, equipment and furnishings are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range from three to 39 years. Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and depreciated by the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or useful life of the leasehold.

(j)Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers highly liquid investments readily convertible into known amounts of cash, with original maturities of 90 days or less, as cash equivalents.

(k)Restricted Cash

The Company has certain bank accounts that are subject to restrictions in connection with its WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL debt. Under these borrowings, cash is collected in restricted accounts, which are used to service the debt and any remaining amounts, after debt service and defined expenses, are distributed to the Company. Additionally, a portion of projected maintenance obligations and some or all of the lease security deposits are accumulated in restricted accounts and are available to fund future maintenance events and to secure lease payments, respectively. Under WEST III, cash equal to a portion of the projected maintenance obligations for the subsequent nine months is held in a restricted account and is subject to a minimum balance of $9.4 million. Under WEST IV, cash equal to a portion of the projected maintenance obligations for the subsequent ten months is held in a restricted account and is subject to a minimum balance of $4.5 million. Under WEST V, cash equal to a portion of the projected maintenance obligations for the subsequent twelve months is held in a restricted account and is subject to a minimum balance of $5.0 million. Under WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL, cash equal to a portion of the projected maintenance obligations for the subsequent twelve months is held in a restricted account and is subject to a minimum balance of $1.0 million. Under WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, and WEST VII, security deposits are held in restricted accounts equal to a portion of the security deposits for leases scheduled to terminate over the subsequent four months, in each case, subject to a minimum balance of $1.0 million. Under WEST VI, all security deposits for leases scheduled to terminate before the expected maturity date of the notes are held in a restricted account, subject to a minimum balance of $1.0 million. Provided lease return conditions have been met, these deposits will be returned to the lessee. To the extent return conditions are not met, these deposits may be retained by the Company.

The Company had total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, as follows:

December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents $ 9,110  $ 7,071 
Restricted cash 123,392  160,958 
Total as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows $ 132,502  $ 168,029 

(l)Spare Parts Inventory

Spare parts inventory consists of spare aircraft and engine parts purchased either directly by Willis Aero and also engines removed from the lease portfolio to be parted out. Spare parts inventory is stated at lower of cost or net realizable value. An impairment charge for excess or inactive inventory is recorded based upon an analysis that considers current inventory levels, historical usage patterns, future sales expectations, and salvage value.

(m)Intangible Assets

Intangible assets include customer relationships and goodwill at Willis Asset Management, which are accounted for in accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other.” Intangible assets also include contract assets, which result when lease contract terms are favorable as compared to market terms in asset acquisitions. As of December 31, 2024, intangible assets included goodwill of $1.0 million and a contract-based intangible asset of $1.9 million.

Customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life of eight years. Contract assets amortize over the term of the respective contract. Aside from goodwill, the Company has no intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually, at each year end.

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(n)Other Assets

Other assets typically include prepaid purchase deposits and other prepaid expenses. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Other assets included prepaid deposits of $4.4 million and $5.8 million, respectively, relating to commitments to purchase equipment.

(o)Management Estimates

These financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S.”).

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management evaluates estimates on an ongoing basis, including those related to residual values, estimated asset lives, impairments, bad debts and credit losses. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Management believes that the accounting policies on revenue recognition, useful life of equipment, asset residual values, asset impairment, allowance for doubtful accounts, and allowance for credit losses are critical to the results of operations.

If the useful lives or residual values are lower than those estimated, upon sale of the asset a loss may be realized. Significant management judgment is required in the forecasting of future operating results, which are used in the preparation of projected undiscounted cash flows and should different conditions prevail, material impairment write-downs may occur.

(p)Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income attributable to holders of common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income attributable to holders of common stock by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, adjusted for the dilutive effect of unvested restricted stock awards (“RSAs”). See Note 9 for more information on the computation of earnings per share.

(q)Investments

The Company’s investments are joint ventures, in which it owns 50% of the equity of the ventures and are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The investments are recorded at the amount invested plus or minus our 50% share of net income or loss, less any distributions or return of capital received from the entities.

(r)Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense in the financial statements for share-based awards based on the grant-date fair value of those awards. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service periods of the awards on a straight-line basis, which is generally commensurate with the vesting term. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

(s)Initial Direct Costs Associated with Leases

The Company accounts for the initial direct costs, including sales commissions, incurred in obtaining a new lease by deferring and amortizing those costs over the term of the lease. The amortization of these costs is recorded under general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The amounts amortized were $2.7 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(t)Maintenance Rights

The Company identifies, measures and accounts for maintenance right assets and liabilities associated with acquisitions of equipment with in-place leases. A maintenance right asset represents the fair value of the contractual right under a lease to receive equipment in an improved maintenance condition as compared to the maintenance condition on the acquisition date. A maintenance right liability represents the Company’s obligation to pay the lessee for the difference between the lease-end contractual maintenance condition of the equipment and the actual maintenance condition of the equipment on the acquisition date. The equipment condition at the end of the lease term may result in either overhaul work being performed by the lessee to meet the required return condition or a financial settlement.

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When a capital event is performed on the equipment by the lessee, which satisfies the lessee’s maintenance right obligation, the maintenance rights are added to the equipment basis and depreciated to the next capital event. When equipment is sold before the end of the pre-existing lease, the maintenance rights are applied against any accumulated maintenance reserves, if paid by the lessee, and the remaining balance is applied to the disposition gain or loss. When a lease terminates, an end of lease true-up is performed, and the maintenance right is applied against the accumulated maintenance reserves or, for non-reserve lessees, the final settlement payment, and any remaining net maintenance right is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

(u)Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s foreign investments have been converted at rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates. The changes in exchange rates in our foreign investments reported under the equity method are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Accumulated other comprehensive income.

(v)Risk Concentrations

Financial instruments which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash deposits, lease receivables and interest rate swaps.

The Company places its cash deposits, which exceed federally insured limits, with financial institutions and other credit-worthy institutions, such as money market funds, and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one party. Management opts for security of principal as opposed to yield. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to lease receivables are limited due to the large number of customers comprising the customer base, and their dispersion across different geographic areas. Some lessees are required to make payments for maintenance reserves at the end of the lease. The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements with counterparties that are investment grade financial institutions.

(w)Risks and Uncertainties

Given the uncertainty in the rapidly changing market and economic conditions related to the current high interest rate and inflationary environment, we will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact on the Company’s business and financial position. The ultimate extent of the effects of the current high interest rate and inflationary environment on the Company will depend on future developments, and such effects could exist for an extended period of time.

Other than what has been reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require it to update its estimates or judgments or adjust the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(x)Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements To Be Adopted by the Company

In August 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-05, “Business Combinations – Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement.” The amendments in this ASU apply to the formation of a joint venture, and under this ASU, a joint venture formation is the creation of a new reporting entity that would trigger a new basis of accounting. This ASU requires net assets contributed to the joint venture in a formation transaction to be measured at fair value at the formation date. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all joint ventures within the ASU’s scope that are formed on or after January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. Joint ventures formed on or after the effective date of ASU 2023-05 will be required to apply the new guidance prospectively. Joint ventures formed before the ASU’s effective date are permitted to apply the new guidance (1) retrospectively if they have “sufficient information” to do so or (2) prospectively if financial statements have not yet been issued (or made available for issuance). The Company adopted this accounting standard update effective January 1, 2025, and the Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” Under the ASU, public business entities must annually (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than five percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income or loss by the applicable statutory income tax rate). The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to adopt this accounting standard update for the year ended December 31, 2025, and the Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statement disclosures.

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In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-04) Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” The ASU requires public entities, on both an interim and annual basis, to disclose additional disaggregated information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to adopt this accounting standard update for the year ended December 31, 2027 and is currently evaluating the potential effects on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

2. Leases

As lessor, and as of December 31, 2024, the majority of our leases were operating leases with the exception of certain failed sale-leaseback transactions classified as notes receivable or investments in sales-type leases under the guidance provided by ASC 842.

As lessee, the significant majority of leases the Company enters are for real estate (office and warehouse space for our operations) as well as automobiles. These lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Leases with terms of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Some of the Company’s leases include variable non-lease components (e.g., taxes) which are not separated from associated lease components (e.g., fixed rent, common-area maintenance costs, vehicle protection plans and other service fees) as elected under the practical expedient package provided by ASC 842.

The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of approximately two months to 13 years, some of which include options to renew or extend the lease term from one to five years. Our automobile leases include an option to purchase the vehicle at lease termination. The depreciable lives of assets are limited by the expected lease terms, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. The exercise of lease renewal options or purchase at lease termination is at the Company’s sole discretion. If it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options, the periods covered by such options are included in the lease term and are recognized as part of our ROU assets and lease liabilities.

Supplemental information to the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to leases was as follows:

Leases Classification December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets Other assets $ 6,584  $ 8,652 
Liabilities
Lease liabilities Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 5,848  $ 7,941 
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases 2.70 2.90
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases 5.2  % 4.6  %

The weighted average discount rate is based on the incremental borrowing rate for each lease and the remaining balance of the lease payments for each lease at the reporting date.
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Future maturities of the Company’s lease liabilities at December 31, 2024 are as follows:

Year (in thousands)
2025 $ 3,147 
2026 1,114 
2027 801 
2028 577 
2029 504 
Thereafter 210 
Total undiscounted lease liabilities 6,353 
Less: interest (505)
Total lease liabilities $ 5,848 

The components of lease expense were as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
Lease expense Classification 2024 2023
(in thousands)
Operating lease cost General and administrative $ 4,235  $ 3,709 
Net lease cost $ 4,235  $ 3,709 

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 3,538  $ 3,327 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases $ 1,016  $ 307 

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3. Equipment Held for Operating Lease

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $2,635.9 million of equipment held in our operating lease portfolio, $183.6 million of notes receivable, $31.1 million of maintenance rights, and $21.6 million of investments in sales-type leases, which represented 354 engines, 16 aircraft, one marine vessel and other leased parts and equipment. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $2,112.8 million of equipment held in our operating lease portfolio, $92.6 million of notes receivable, $9.2 million of maintenance rights, and $8.8 million of investments in sales-type leases, which represented 337 engines, 12 aircraft, one marine vessel and other leased parts and equipment.

The following table disaggregates equipment held for operating lease by asset class (in thousands):

As of December 31,
2024 2023
Gross value Accumulated depreciation Net book value Gross value Accumulated depreciation Net book value
(in thousands)
Engines and related equipment $ 3,060,020  $ (595,340) $ 2,464,680  $ 2,535,148  $ (569,596) $ 1,965,552 
Aircraft and airframes 174,642  (13,634) 161,008  157,616  (21,409) 136,207 
Marine vessel 14,366  (4,144) 10,222  14,366  (3,288) 11,078 
$ 3,249,028  $ (613,118) $ 2,635,910  $ 2,707,130  $ (594,293) $ 2,112,837 

Notes Receivable and Investments in Sales-Type Leases

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded interest revenue related to the notes receivable and investments in sales-type leases of $11.7 million and $8.7 million, respectively. The effective interest rates on our notes receivable and investments in sales-type leases ranged from 6.0% to 12.2% as of December 31, 2024 and 7.1% to 12.2% as of December 31, 2023.

Under some of the Company’s notes receivable and investments in sales-type leases, the lessee has the option to purchase the underlying asset at fixed amounts throughout the lease term.

A majority of the equipment is leased and operated internationally. Substantially all leases relating to this equipment are denominated and payable in U.S. dollars.

The Company leases equipment to lessees domiciled in eight geographic regions or countries. The tables below set forth geographic information about the leased equipment grouped by domicile of the lessee (which is not necessarily indicative of the asset’s actual location):

Years Ended December 31,
Lease rent revenue 2024 2023
Region or Country (in thousands)
United States $ 72,959  $ 71,436 
Europe 53,465  43,790 
Asia-Pacific (excluding India) 40,661  32,700 
India 31,512  36,992 
South America 20,291  17,375 
Canada 18,659  8,293 
Central America 689  1,921 
Middle East —  631 
Totals $ 238,236  $ 213,138 

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As of December 31,
Net book value of equipment held for operating lease 2024 2023
Region or Country (in thousands)
United States $ 658,128  $ 464,088 
Asia-Pacific (excluding India) 344,946  235,948 
India 314,714  294,361 
Europe 299,322  443,901 
South America 176,380  136,917 
Canada 133,286  109,056 
Central America 17,047  43,192 
Middle East 6,239  42,965 
Off-lease 685,848  342,409 
Totals $ 2,635,910  $ 2,112,837 

As of December 31, 2024, the lease status of the equipment held for operating lease (in thousands) was as follows:

Lease Term Net Book Value
Off-lease and other $ 685,848 
Month-to-month leases 266,521 
Leases expiring 2025 702,083 
Leases expiring 2026 326,353 
Leases expiring 2027 373,017 
Leases expiring 2028 126,522 
Leases expiring 2029 28,990 
Leases expiring thereafter 126,576 
$ 2,635,910 
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As of December 31, 2024, minimum future payments under non-cancelable operating leases were as follows:

Year (in thousands)
2025 $ 174,309 
2026 80,143 
2027 46,988 
2028 19,096 
2029 12,059 
Thereafter 17,209 
$ 349,804 

As of December 31, 2024, minimum future payments under non-cancelable notes receivable and investments in sales-type leases were as follows:

Year (in thousands)
2025 $ 51,878 
2026 24,569 
2027 23,543 
2028 22,518 
2029 48,114 
Thereafter 103,781 
Total undiscounted lease receivables 274,403 
Less: interest (69,168)
Total notes receivable and investments in sales-type leases $ 205,235 

4. Investments

In 2011, the Company entered into an agreement with Mitsui & Co., Ltd. to participate in a joint venture formed as a Dublin-based Irish limited company, WMES, for the purpose of acquiring and leasing jet engines. Each partner holds a 50% interest in the joint venture, and the Company uses the equity method in recording investment activity. As of December 31, 2024, WMES owned a lease portfolio of 50 engines with a net book value of $328.9 million.

In 2014, the Company entered into an agreement with China Aviation Supplies Import & Export Corporation (“CASC”) to participate in a joint venture named CASC Willis Lease Finance Company Limited (“CASC Willis”), a joint venture based in Shanghai, China. Each partner holds a 50% interest in the joint venture and the Company uses the equity method in recording investment activity. CASC Willis acquires and leases jet engines to Chinese airlines and concentrates on the demand for leased commercial aircraft engines and aviation assets in the People’s Republic of China. As of December 31, 2024, CASC Willis owned a lease portfolio of four engines with a net book value of $37.3 million.

WMES CASC Willis Total
(in thousands)
Investment in joint ventures as of December 31, 2022 $ 41,014  $ 15,175  $ 56,189 
Income (loss) from joint ventures (437) 3,345  2,908 
Foreign currency translation adjustment —  (523) (523)
Other comprehensive loss from joint ventures (530) —  (530)
Investment in joint ventures as of December 31, 2023 40,047  17,997  58,044 
Income from joint ventures 7,670  577  8,247 
Distribution (2,756) (246) (3,002)
Foreign currency translation adjustment —  (414) (414)
Other comprehensive loss from joint ventures (205) —  (205)
Investment in joint ventures as of December 31, 2024 $ 44,756  $ 17,914  $ 62,670 

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As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the currency translation adjustment balance was $2.1 million and $1.8 million, respectively.

“Other revenue” on the Consolidated Statements of Income includes management fees earned of $4.8 million and $2.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the servicing of engines for the WMES lease portfolio.

During 2024, the Company sold four engines to WMES for $50.5 million, which resulted in a net gain of $12.7 million for the Company. During 2023, WMES sold one engine to the Company for $22.3 million, and the Company sold two engines to WMES for $28.8 million, which resulted in a net gain of $6.5 million for the Company.

The Company subleases a WMES engine to a third party, with WMES as the head lessor. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the ROU asset and lease liability balances under this lease were $1.6 million, each, and $3.3 million, each, respectively.

Unaudited summarized financial information for 100% of WMES is presented in the following table:

  Years Ended December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Revenue $ 75,551  $ 47,617 
Expenses 60,484  46,317 
WMES net income $ 15,067  $ 1,300 

  As of December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Total assets $ 352,783  $ 236,732 
Total liabilities 256,055  150,604 
Total WMES net equity $ 96,728  $ 86,128 

The difference between the Company’s investment in WMES and 50% of total WMES net equity, as well as the difference between the Company’s income or loss from WMES and 50% of total WMES net income, is primarily attributable to the recognition of deferred gains, which are related to engines sold by WMES to the Company, and prior to the adoption of ASU 2017-05, related to engines sold by the Company to WMES.

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5. Debt Obligations

Debt obligations consisted of the following:

As of December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Credit facility at a floating rate of interest of one-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 2.60% at December 31, 2024, secured by engines, airframes, and loan assets. The facility has a committed amount of $1.0 billion at December 31, 2024, which revolves until the maturity date of October 2029.
$ 693,000  $ 353,000 
WEST VII Series A 2023 term notes payable at a fixed rate of interest of 8.00%, maturing in October 2048, secured by engines, airframes, and loan assets
356,355  406,894 
WEST VI Series A 2021 term notes payable at a fixed rate of interest of 3.10%, maturing in May 2046, secured by engines, airframes, and loan assets
241,065  252,986 
WEST VI Series B 2021 term notes payable at a fixed rate of interest of 5.44%, maturing in May 2046, secured by engines, airframes, and loan assets
33,486  35,142 
WEST VI Series C 2021 term notes payable at a fixed rate of interest of 7.39%, maturing in May 2046, secured by engines, airframes, and loan assets
9,926  12,361 
WEST V Series A 2020 term notes payable at a fixed rate of interest of 3.23%, maturing in March 2045, secured by engines
226,572  240,371 
WEST V Series B 2020 term notes payable at a fixed rate of interest of 4.21%, maturing in March 2045, secured by engines
31,563  33,485 
WEST V Series C 2020 term notes payable at a fixed rate of interest of 6.66%, maturing in March 2045, secured by engines
8,142  10,695 
WEST IV Series A 2018 term notes payable at a fixed rate of interest of 4.75%, maturing in September 2043, secured by engines
199,846  212,157 
WEST IV Series B 2018 term notes payable at a fixed rate of interest of 5.44%, maturing in September 2043, secured by engines
27,338  29,024 
WEST III Series A 2017 term notes payable at a fixed rate of interest of 4.69%, maturing in August 2042, secured by engines
161,308  175,705 
WEST III Series B 2017 term notes payable at a fixed rate of interest of 6.36%, maturing in August 2042, secured by engines
21,659  23,592 
WWFL credit facility at a floating rate of interest of one-month term SOFR, plus 2.25% at December 31, 2024, maturing in May 2029, secured by engines, airframes, and loan assets
221,882  — 
Note payable at a fixed rate of interest of 5.00%, maturing in February 2033, secured by an engine
20,780  — 
Note payable at a fixed rate of interest of 4.59%, maturing in November 2032, secured by an engine
22,094  22,610 
Note payable at a fixed rate of interest of 4.23%, maturing in June 2032, secured by an engine
17,710  17,802 
Note payable at a fixed rate of interest of 3.18%, matured in July 2024, secured by an aircraft
—  1,235 
  2,292,726  1,827,059 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs and note discounts (28,174) (24,178)
Total debt obligations $ 2,264,552  $ 1,802,881 

One-month term SOFR was 4.37% and 5.38% as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As it relates to the $20.8 million, $22.1 million, and $17.7 million notes payable resulting from failed sale-leaseback transactions that are secured by engines, the Company has options to repurchase the engines in in March 2032 for $18.4 million, January 2032 for $17.7 million, and July 2031 for $17.0 million, respectively.

Principal outstanding at December 31, 2024, is expected to be repayable as follows:
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Year (in thousands)
2025 $ 70,690 
2026 269,922 
2027 192,331 
2028 238,289 
2029 1,465,942 
Thereafter 55,552 
Total $ 2,292,726 

In October 2024, the Company entered into a new, $1.0 billion, five-year, revolving credit facility with a consortium of lenders, refinancing its $500.0 million credit facility. The purpose of the revolving credit facility is to finance the acquisition of equipment for lease as well as for general working capital purposes, with the amounts drawn under the facility not to exceed that which is allowed under the borrowing base as defined by the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $307.0 million and $355.0 million were available under this facility, respectively. On a quarterly basis, the interest rate is adjusted based on the Company’s leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of the revolving credit facility. Under the revolving credit facility, some subsidiaries except WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL jointly and severally guarantee payment and performance of the terms of the loan agreement. The guarantee would be triggered by a default under the agreement.

In May 2024, WWFL, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a secured credit agreement with the Bank of Utah as security trustee and administrative agent and Bank of America, N.A. as facility agent. The secured credit agreement provides for a five-year non-recourse, senior secured warehouse credit facility with an availability period of two years and an initial committed amount of up to $500.0 million. The purpose of the senior secured warehouse credit facility is to finance the acquisition of equipment for lease as well as for general working capital purposes, with the amounts drawn under the facility not to exceed that which is allowed under the borrowing base as defined by the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2024, $278.1 million was available under this facility. On a quarterly basis, the interest rate is adjusted based on the Company’s leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of the senior secured warehouse credit facility. Under the secured warehouse credit facility, some subsidiaries except WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, and WEST VII jointly and severally guarantee payment and performance of the terms of the loan agreement. The guarantee would be triggered by a default under the agreement.

In October 2023, the Company and its direct, wholly-owned subsidiary WEST VII, closed its offering of $410.0 million aggregate principal amount of fixed rate notes. The notes are secured by, among other things, WEST VII’s direct and indirect interests in a portfolio of aircraft engines and airframes. The notes have a fixed coupon of 8.00%, an expected maturity in October 2029, and a final maturity date in October 2048. The notes were issued at a price of 98.84814% of par. Principal on the notes is payable monthly to the extent of available cash in accordance with a priority of payments included in the indenture.

The assets of WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL are not available to satisfy the Company’s obligations other than the obligations specific to that WEST entity or WWFL. WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL are consolidated for financial statement presentation purposes. WEST III’s, WEST IV’s, WEST V’s, WEST VI’s, WEST VII’s, and WWFL’s abilities to make distributions and pay dividends to the Company are subject to the prior payments of their debt and other obligations and their maintenance of adequate reserves and capital. Under WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL, cash is collected in restricted accounts, which is used to service the debt and any remaining amounts, after debt service and defined expenses, are distributed to the Company. Additionally, a portion of maintenance reserve payments and lease security deposits are formulaically accumulated in restricted accounts and are available to fund future maintenance events and to secure lease payments, respectively. The WEST III, WEST IV, WEST V, WEST VI, WEST VII, and WWFL indentures require that a minimum threshold of maintenance reserve and security deposit balances be held in restricted cash accounts.

Virtually all of the Company’s debt requires ongoing compliance with the covenants of each financing, including debt and tangible net worth ratios, minimum interest coverage ratios, and other eligibility criteria including asset type, customer and geographic concentration restrictions. The Company also has certain negative financial covenants such as liens, advances, changes in business, sales of assets, dividends and stock repurchases. Compliance with these covenants is tested either monthly, quarterly, or annually, as required, and the Company was in full compliance with all financial covenant requirements at December 31, 2024.

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6. Derivative Instruments

The Company periodically holds interest rate derivative instruments to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates, predominantly one-month SOFR, with $914.9 million and $353.0 million of variable rate borrowings at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As a matter of policy, management does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had six interest rate swap agreements. During 2021, the Company entered into four fixed-rate interest swap agreements, each having notional amounts of $100.0 million, two of which matured during the year ended December 31, 2024 and two of which had remaining terms of 13 months as of December 31, 2024. One interest rate swap agreement was entered into during 2019, having a notional amount of $100.0 million, which matured during the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into three fixed-rate interest swap agreements, each having notional amounts of $50.0 million, and with remaining terms of 53 months as of December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company also entered into one fixed-rate interest swap agreement, having a notional amount of $75.0 million, and with a remaining term of 53 months as of December 31, 2024. The derivative instruments were each designated as cash flow hedges at inception and recorded at fair value.

The following table displays the total notional amount of the Company’s outstanding fixed-rate interest swap agreements:

Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships As of December 31,
2024 2023
  (in thousands)
Interest rate contracts $ 425,000  $ 500,000 

The Company evaluated the effectiveness of the swap agreements to hedge the interest rate risk associated with its variable rate debt and concluded at the swap inception dates that each swap was highly effective in hedging that risk. The Company evaluates the effectiveness of the hedging relationships on an ongoing basis and concluded there was no ineffectiveness in the hedges for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company estimates the fair value of derivative instruments using a discounted cash flow technique. Valuation of the derivative instruments requires certain assumptions for underlying variables and the use of different assumptions would result in a different valuation. Management believes it has applied assumptions consistently during the period. The Company applies hedge accounting and accounts for the change in fair value of its cash flow hedges through other comprehensive income for all derivative instruments that are effective and for which the related forecasted transaction is probable of occurring.

The following table displays the total fair value of the Company’s outstanding fixed-rate interest swap agreements in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (each representing an asset and reflected within Other assets):

Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships As of December 31,
2024 2023
  (in thousands)
Interest rate contracts $ 10,989  $ 16,483 

The Company recorded an adjustment to interest expense of $(12.0) million and $(23.4) million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from derivative investments. As of December 31, 2024, the accumulative derivative gain was $11.0 million, and as of December 31, 2023, the accumulative derivative gain was $16.5 million.

Effect of Derivative Instruments on Earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Income and of Comprehensive Income

The following table provides additional information about the financial statement effects related to the cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Amount of Unrealized Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivatives
(Effective Portion)
Years Ended December 31,
2024 2023
  (in thousands)
Interest rate contracts $ (5,472) $ (18,309)
Total $ (5,472) $ (18,309)

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The effective portion of the change in fair value on a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the period during which the transaction being hedged affects earnings or it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur. The ineffective portion of the hedges, if any, is recorded in earnings in the current period. There was no ineffectiveness in the hedges for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Counterparty Credit Risk

The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of the counterparties under its hedging agreements. The counterparties for the interest rate swaps are large financial institutions that possess investment grade credit ratings. Based on these ratings, the Company believes that the counterparties were credit-worthy and that their continuing performance under the hedging agreement is probable and does not require the counterparties to provide collateral or other security to the Company.

7. Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes are as follows:

  Years ended December 31,
  2024 2023
  (in thousands)
United States $ 165,339  $ 73,853 
Foreign (12,694) (6,723)
Income before income taxes $ 152,645  $ 67,130 

The components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

  Federal State Foreign Total
  (in thousands)
2024        
Current $ 2,331  $ 2,916  $ 205  $ 5,452 
Deferred 38,871  (290) —  38,581 
Total $ 41,202  $ 2,626  $ 205  $ 44,033 
2023
Current $ 2,449  $ 1,387  $ (139) $ 3,697 
Deferred 16,338  3,314  —  19,652 
Total $ 18,787  $ 4,701  $ (139) $ 23,349 

The following is a reconciliation of the federal income tax expense at the statutory rate of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 to the effective income tax expense:

  Years Ended December 31,
  2024 2023
  (in thousands)
Statutory federal income tax expense $ 32,055  $ 14,097 
State taxes, net of federal benefit 2,014  4,410 
Foreign tax paid (559) (169)
Foreign jurisdiction rate differential 445  545 
Permanent differences - nondeductible executive compensation 6,553  2,929 
Permanent differences and other 1,355  1,046 
Valuation allowance 2,170  491 
Effective income tax expense $ 44,033  $ 23,349 

Permanent differences and other includes Subpart F income of $1.4 million from foreign operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company records tax expense or benefit for unusual or infrequent items discretely in the period in which they occur.
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The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits:

  (in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 19 
Increases related to current year tax positions 435 
Decreases due to tax positions expired (5)
Balance as of December 31, 2023 449 
Increases related to current year tax positions 123 
Decreases due to tax positions expired (5)
Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 567 

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below:

  As of December 31,
  2024 2023
  (in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:    
Unearned lease revenue $ 8,335  $ 9,614 
State taxes 590  167 
Inventory 2,770  2,426 
Reserves and allowances 4,629  5,471 
Other accruals 46,144  29,231 
Lease liability 584  934 
Net operating loss carry forward 40,906  51,240 
Charitable contributions — 
Total deferred tax assets 103,958  99,085 
Less: valuation allowance (3,137) (978)
Net deferred tax assets 100,821  98,107 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and impairment on aircraft engines and equipment (272,492) (231,694)
Notes receivable (5,181) (5,405)
Lease liability (597) (930)
Other deferred tax liabilities (5,619) (4,622)
Net deferred tax liabilities (283,889) (242,651)
Other comprehensive income deferred tax liability (1,981) (3,235)
Net deferred tax liabilities $ (185,049) $ (147,779)

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As of December 31, 2024, the Company had net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $177.4 million for federal tax purposes, $0.7 million (tax effected) for state tax purposes, and $12.2 million for foreign tax purposes. The majority of the federal net operating loss carry forwards were generated in 2020 and can be carried forward indefinitely, and the state net operating loss carry forwards will expire at various times from 2026 to 2043. There is a $0.4 million valuation allowance for net operating losses in California that expires between 2034 and 2042 and a $0.1 million valuation allowance for net operating losses in Georgia that expires between 2032 and 2040. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a $2.7 million valuation allowance for net operating losses in the UK, and there is a $3.1 million net operating loss carryforward in the UK that can be carried forward indefinitely. The Company’s ability to utilize the net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards in the future may be subject to restriction in the event of past or future ownership changes as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state tax law. Management believes that no valuation allowance is required on deferred tax assets related to federal net operating loss carry forwards, as it is more likely than not that all amounts are recoverable through future taxable income. The Company files U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax returns. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple foreign and state jurisdictions. The tax years that remain subject to examination are from 2021 onwards. To the extent that the Company claims a net operating loss carryforward against future taxable income, those losses may be examined by the taxing authorities. The net change in the total valuation allowance during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $2.2 million.

It is the Company’s intention to reinvest undistributed earnings of their wholly-owned foreign operations and thereby indefinitely postpone their remittance. A determination of the deferred tax liability is not practical. Accordingly, no provision has been made for foreign withholding taxes or U.S. income taxes.

8. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of a financial instrument represents the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced sale or liquidation. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of judgment, and therefore cannot be determined with precision.

Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value and also establishes the following three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments:

•Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, and accounts payable: The amounts reported in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

•Notes receivable: The carrying amount of the Company’s outstanding balance on its Notes receivable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was estimated to have a fair value of approximately $176.7 million and $90.3 million, respectively, based on the fair value of estimated future payments calculated using interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates at each period end (Level 2 inputs).

•Investments in sales-type leases: The carrying amount of the Company's outstanding balance on its Investments in sales-type leases as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was estimated to have a fair value of approximately $21.5 million and $8.7 million, respectively, based on the fair value of estimated future payments calculated using interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates at each period end (Level 2 inputs).

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•Debt obligations: The carrying amount of the Company’s outstanding balance on its Debt obligations as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was estimated to have a fair value of approximately $1,928.3 million and $1,598.5 million, respectively, based on the fair value of estimated future payments calculated using interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates at each year end (Level 2 inputs).

Assets Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis and a Nonrecurring Basis

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company measured the fair value of its interest rate swaps based on Level 2 inputs, due to the usage of inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data. The Company estimates the fair value of derivative instruments using a discounted cash flow technique. The net fair value of the interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $11.0 million and $16.5 million, respectively, each representing an asset and reflected within Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recorded an adjustment to interest expense of $(12.0) million and $(23.4) million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from derivative investments.

Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually, at each year end by comparing the fair values of the reporting units to their carrying amounts. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test.

The Company determines fair value of long-lived assets held and used, such as Equipment held for operating lease and Equipment held for sale, by reference to independent appraisals, quoted market prices (e.g., an offer to purchase) and other factors. An impairment charge is recorded when the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. The Company used Level 2 inputs to measure write-downs of equipment held for lease and equipment held for sale. 

  Total Losses
  Years Ended December 31,
  2024 2023
  (in thousands)
Equipment held for lease $ 11,057  $ 4,083 
Equipment held for sale 171  315 
Total $ 11,228  $ 4,398 

Write-downs of equipment to their estimated fair values totaled $11.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily reflecting an adjustment of the carrying value of one airframe and 11 engines. As of December 31, 2024, included within equipment held for lease and equipment held for sale was $50.8 million in remaining book value of 16 assets which were previously written down.

Write-downs of equipment to their estimated fair values totaled $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily reflecting an adjustment of the carrying value of five engines and two airframes. As of December 31, 2023, included within equipment held for lease and equipment held for sale was $31.9 million in remaining book value of 15 assets which were previously written down.

9. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income, less preferred stock dividends and accretion of preferred stock issuance costs, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Treasury stock is excluded from the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock and dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Dilutive securities are common stock equivalents that are freely exercisable into common stock at less than market prices or otherwise dilute earnings if converted. The net effect of common stock equivalents is based on the incremental common stock that would be issued upon the vesting of restricted stock using the treasury stock method. Common stock equivalents are not included in diluted earnings per share when their inclusion is anti-dilutive. Additionally, redeemable preferred stock is not convertible and does not affect dilutive shares.

There were approximately 900 anti-dilutive weighted shares excluded in the computations of diluted weighted average earnings per common share for the year ended December 31, 2024. There were no anti-dilutive shares for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS:

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  Year Ended December 31,
  2024 2023
  (in thousands)
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 104,378  $ 40,372 
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 6,536  6,305 
Potentially dilutive common shares 268  176 
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 6,804  6,481 
Basic weighted average earnings per common share $ 15.97  $ 6.40 
Diluted weighted average earnings per common share $ 15.34  $ 6.23 

10. Commitments, Contingencies, Guarantees and Indemnities

Other obligations 

Other obligations, such as certain purchase obligations are not recognized as liabilities in the consolidated financial statements but are required to be disclosed in the footnotes to the financial statements. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $374.6 million in purchase commitments of equipment that will be satisfied within three fiscal years. The purchase obligations are subject to escalation based on the closing date of each transaction. Our purchase agreements generally contain terms that allow the Company to defer or cancel purchase commitments in certain situations. These deferrals or conversions would not result in penalties or increased costs other than any potential increase due to the normal year-over-year change in engine list prices, which is akin to ordinary inflation.

In December 2020, we entered into definitive agreements for the purchase of 25 Pratt & Whitney aircraft engines. As part of the purchase, we have committed to certain future overhaul and maintenance services which are anticipated to range between $93.3 million and $121.4 million by 2030.

11. Equity

Common Stock Repurchase

In December 2024, the Board of Directors approved the renewal of the existing common stock repurchase plan which allows for repurchases of up to $60.0 million of the Company’s common stock, extending the plan through December 31, 2026. Repurchased shares are immediately retired. During 2024 and 2023, no shares were repurchased. At December 31, 2024, approximately $39.6 million was available to purchase shares under the plan.

Redeemable Preferred Stock

In September 2024, the Company entered into a Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with Development Bank of Japan Inc. (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”), which refinanced and expanded the Company’s Series A-1 and Series A-2 Preferred Stock into one $65.0 million Series A Preferred Stock series (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), which accrues quarterly dividends at the rate per annum of 8.35% per share. The net proceeds after deducting issuance costs were $13.1 million.

The rights and privileges of the Series A Preferred Stock are described below:

Voting Rights: Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock do not have general voting rights.

Dividends: The Company’s Series A-1 Preferred Stock accrued quarterly dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% per share through October 15, 2023 and accrued at the rate per annum of 8.5% per share thereafter through September 26, 2024. The Series A-2 Preferred Stock accrued quarterly dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% per share. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid total preferred stock dividends of $3.5 million and $3.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $1.4 million in preferred stock dividends accrued but not paid, or approximately $0.44 per share of the Series A Preferred Stock.

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Liquidation Preference: The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have preference in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of the corporation, including a merger or consolidation. Upon such liquidation event, the Preferred Stockholders are entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders after payment of all the Company’s indebtedness and other obligations and before any payment shall be made to the holders of common stock or any other class or series of stock ranking on liquidation junior to the Preferred Stock an amount equal to $20.00 per share, plus any declared but unpaid dividends.

Redemption: The Series A Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have the option to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Series A Preferred Stock for cash upon occurrence of any of the following: (i) a material breach of the Stock Purchase Agreement, (ii) changes in the ownership structure of the Company, including by means of a change of control transaction, (iii) incurrence of operating loss or ordinary loss by the Company for two consecutive fiscal years, (iv) the Company’s surplus is less than its liquidation value at certain specified measurement dates, (v) occurrence of a merger, consolidation, or sale of greater than 50% of the Company’s assets, or (vi) the occurrence of liquidity events as set forth in the Stock Purchase Agreement. The redemption price is $20.00 per share plus dividends accrued but not paid. The Company is accreting the Series A Preferred Stock to redemption value over the period from the date of issuance to the date first callable by the Series A Preferred stockholders (September 27, 2031), such that the carrying amount of the security will equal the redemption amount at the earliest redemption date.

12. Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The components of stock compensation expense were as follows:

Year Ended December 31,
  2024 2023
  (in thousands)
2023 Stock Incentive Plan $ 29,105  $ 14,667 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan 142  135 
Total Stock Compensation Expense $ 29,247  $ 14,802 

The significant stock compensation plans are described below.

The 2023 Incentive Stock Plan (the “2023 Plan”) amended and restated the prior 2021 Incentive Stock Plan. The 2023 Plan authorized 1,750,000 shares for issuance, plus the number of shares remaining for issuance under the prior stock plan and any future forfeited awards under the prior plan. Stock-based compensation is in the form of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”). The RSAs are subject to either service-based vesting, which is typically between one and four years, in which a specific period of continued employment must pass before an award vests, or performance-based vesting, which is typically between one and two years. The expense associated with these awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective vesting period, with forfeitures accounted for as they occur. For any vesting tranche of an award, the cumulative amount of compensation cost recognized is equal to the portion of the grant-date fair value of the award tranche that is actually vested at that date.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has granted 2,052,254 RSAs under the 2023 Plan and has 1,592,342 shares available for future issuance. The fair value of the restricted stock awards equaled the stock price at the grant date.

The following table summarizes restricted stock activity under the 2023 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Number Outstanding Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Balance as of December 31, 2022 495,948  $ 32.30 
Shares granted 335,100  56.06 
Shares forfeited (7,665) 42.99 
Shares vested (357,527) 31.34 
Balance as of December 31, 2023 465,856  $ 49.95 
Shares granted 460,454  56.11 
Shares forfeited (3,916) 63.40 
Shares vested (352,969) 58.19 
Balance as of December 31, 2024 569,425  $ 49.73 
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At December 31, 2024, the stock compensation expense related to the RSAs that will be recognized over the average remaining vesting period of approximately 1.5 years totaled $51.6 million. At December 31, 2024, the intrinsic value of unvested RSAs was $118.2 million.

Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), as amended and restated effective November 10, 2021, 425,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance. Full-time employees may designate no more than 10% of their base cash compensation to be deducted each pay period for the purchase of common stock under the Purchase Plan. Participants may purchase no more than 1,000 shares or $25,000 of common stock in any one calendar year. Each January 31 and July 31, shares of common stock are purchased with the employees’ payroll deductions from the immediately preceding six months at a price per share of 85% of the lesser of the market price of the common stock on the purchase date or the market price of the common stock on the date of entry into an offering period. In 2024 and 2023, 9,843 and 9,832 shares of common stock, respectively, were issued under the ESPP. The Company issues new shares through its transfer agent upon employee stock purchase.

13. Employee 401(k) Plan

The Company adopted The Willis 401(k) Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) effective as of January 1997. The 401(k) Plan provides for deferred compensation as described in Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The 401(k) Plan is a contributory plan available to all full-time and part-time employees in the U.S. In 2024, employees who participated in the 401(k) Plan could elect to defer and contribute to the 401(k) Plan up to 75% of pretax salary or wages up to $23,000 (or $30,500 for employees at least 50 years of age). The Company matches 50% of employee contributions and was capped at $11,500 per employee (or $15,250 for employees at least 50 years of age) in 2024. The Company match totaled $1.0 million and $0.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

14. Related Party Transactions

Joint Ventures

“Other revenue” on the Consolidated Statements of Income includes management fees earned of $4.8 million and $2.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the servicing of engines for the WMES lease portfolio.

During 2024, the Company sold four engines to WMES for $50.5 million, which resulted in a net gain of $12.7 million for the Company. During 2023, WMES sold one engine to the Company for $22.3 million, and the Company sold two engines to WMES for $28.8 million, which resulted in a net gain of $6.5 million for the Company.

The Company subleases a WMES engine to a third party, with WMES as the head lessor. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the ROU asset and lease liability balances under this lease were $1.6 million, each, and $3.3 million, each, respectively.

Other

During 2024, the Company paid approximately $0.1 million expense to Mikchalk Lake, LLC, an entity in which our Executive Chairman retains an ownership interest. These expenses were for lodging and other business-related services and were approved by the Board’s Independent Directors. 

15. Reportable Segments

The Company has two reportable segments: (i) Leasing and Related Operations, which involves acquiring and leasing, primarily pursuant to operating leases, commercial aircraft, aircraft engines, and other aircraft equipment, the selective purchase and resale of commercial aircraft engines and other aircraft equipment, and service and maintenance related businesses and (ii) Spare Parts Sales, which involves the purchase and resale of after-market engine parts, whole engines, engine modules, and portable aircraft components.

The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is Austin Willis, Chief Executive Officer. The CODM evaluates the performance and allocation of resources to each of the segments based on income or loss from operations. While the Company believes there are synergies between the two business segments, the segments are managed separately because each requires different business strategies.

The following tables present a summary of the reportable segments (in thousands):
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For the year ended December 31, 2024 Leasing and
Related Operations
Spare Parts Sales Eliminations Total
Revenue:        
Lease rent revenue $ 238,236  $ —  $ —  $ 238,236 
Maintenance reserve revenue 213,908  —  —  213,908 
Spare parts and equipment sales 1,640  25,459  —  27,099 
Interest revenue 11,683  —  —  11,683 
Gain on sale of leased equipment 45,063  —  —  45,063 
Maintenance services revenue 24,158  —  —  24,158 
Other revenue 8,412  890  (226) 9,076 
Total revenue 543,100  26,349  (226) 569,223 
Expenses:
Depreciation and amortization expense 92,386  74  —  92,460 
Cost of spare parts and equipment sales 197  22,655  —  22,852 
Cost of maintenance services 24,470  —  —  24,470 
Write-down of equipment 11,228  —  —  11,228 
General and administrative 141,199  5,558  —  146,757 
Technical expense 22,294  —  —  22,294 
Net finance costs:
Interest expense 104,764  —  —  104,764 
Total net finance costs 104,764  —  —  104,764 
Total expenses 396,538  28,287  —  424,825 
Income from operations $ 146,562  $ (1,938) $ (226) $ 144,398 

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For the Year ended December 31, 2023 Leasing and
Related Operations
Spare Parts Sales Eliminations Total
Revenue:      
Lease rent revenue $ 213,138  $ —  $ —  $ 213,138 
Maintenance reserve revenue 133,668  —  —  133,668 
Spare parts and equipment sales 476  19,883  —  20,359 
Interest revenue 8,721  —  —  8,721 
Gain on sale of leased equipment 10,581  —  —  10,581 
Maintenance services revenue 24,168  —  —  24,168 
Other revenue 7,442  689  (211) 7,920 
Total revenue 398,194  20,572  (211) 418,555 
Expenses:
Depreciation and amortization expense 90,834  91  —  90,925 
Cost of spare parts and equipment sales 56  15,151  —  15,207 
Cost of maintenance services 21,159  —  —  21,159 
Write-down of equipment 4,398  —  —  4,398 
General and administrative 110,819  4,921  —  115,740 
Technical expense 28,109  —  —  28,109 
Net finance costs:
Interest expense 78,795  —  —  78,795 
Total net finance costs 78,795  —  —  78,795 
Total expenses 334,170  20,163  —  354,333 
Income from operations $ 64,024  $ 409  $ (211) $ 64,222 
Leasing and Related Operations Spare Parts Sales Eliminations Total
Total assets as of December 31, 2024 $ 3,219,856  $ 77,340  $ —  $ 3,297,196 
Total assets as of December 31, 2023 $ 2,602,907  $ 49,437  $ —  $ 2,652,344 

16. Subsequent Events
In January 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.25 per share on the Company’s outstanding common stock. The dividend was paid on February 21, 2025 to stockholders of record at the close of business on February 12, 2025.

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WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION ACCOUNTS

(In thousands)
  Balance at
Beginning
of Period
Cumulative Effect Due to Adoption of New Accounting Standard Additions
Charged
(Credited)
to Expense
Net
(Deductions)
Recoveries
Balance at
End of Period
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts and credit losses $ 1,511  $ 20  $ 824  $ (44) $ 2,311 
Notes receivable, allowance for credit losses $ —  $ 58  $ 11  $ —  $ 69 
Investments in sales-type leases, allowance for credit losses $ —  $ $ $ —  $
Deferred tax valuation allowance $ 536  $ —  $ 442  $ —  $ 978 
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts and credit losses $ 2,311  $ —  $ (907) $ (88) $ 1,316 
Notes receivable, allowance for credit losses $ 69  $ —  $ 178  $ —  $ 247 
Investments in sales-type leases, allowance for credit losses $ $ —  $ 13  $ —  $ 22 
Deferred tax valuation allowance $ 978  $ —  $ 2,159  $ —  $ 3,137 

Deductions in allowance for doubtful accounts and credit losses represent uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries. 
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EX-3.1 2 a31-certificateofincorpo.htm EX-3.1 a31-certificateofincorpo
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION ARTICLE | NAME OF CORPORATION The name of this corporation is WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, ARTICLE i REGISTERED OFFICE The address of the registered office of the corporation in the State of Delaware is 9 East Loockerman Street, City of Dover, County of Kent, and the name of its registered agent at that address is National Registered Agents, Inc. ARTICLE I PURPOSE The purpose of the corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of Delaware. ARTICLE IV AUTHORIZED CAPITAL STOCK (a) The corporation shall be authorized to issue two classes of shares of stock to be designated, respectively, "Preferred Stock" and "Common Stock"; the total number of shares which the corporation shall have authority to issue is Two Thousand (2,000); the total number of shares of Preferred Stock shall be One Thousand (1,000) and each such share shall have a par value of one cent ($0.01); and the total number of shares of Common Stock shall be One Thousand (1,000) and each such share shall have a par value of one cent ($0.91). (b) The shares of Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series, The board of directors is hereby vested with authority to fix by resolution or resolutions the designations and the powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including without limitation the dividend rate, conversion or exchange rights, redemption price and liquidation preference, of any series of shares of Preferred Stock, and to fix the number of shares constituting any such series, and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such series (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding), In case the number of shares of any such series shall be so FAS80710,021/1+ decreased, the shares constituting such decrease shall resume the status which they had prior to the adoption of the resolution or resolutions originally fixing the number of shares of such series, ARTICLE V INCORPORATOR The name and mailing address of the incorporator of the corporation is:Jeanne Carnahan, c/o National Corporate Research, LTD, 9 East Loockerman Street, Dover, Delaware 19901. ARTICLE Vi ELECTION OF DIRECTORS Elections of directors need not be by written ballot unless the bylaws of the corporation Shall so provide. ARTICLE VII STAGGERED BOARD (a) The number of directors which shall constitute the whole board of directors of the corporation shall be specified in the bylaws of the corporation. (bo) Effective on the filing of the Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation ("Incorporation Date”), the board shall be divided into three classes: Class I, Class IT and Class III. Such classes shall be as nearly equal in number of directors as possible. Directors in Class J shall serve for a term ending at the first annual meeting held after the Incorporation Date, directors in Class Hi shall serve for a term ending at the second annual meeting held after the Incorporation Date, and directors in Class III shall serve for a term ending at the third annual meeting held after the Incorporation Date, Thereafter, each director shall serve for a term ending at the third annual stockholders meeting following the annual meeting at which such director was elected, The foregoing notwithstanding, each director shall serve untjl his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, unless he shall resign, die, become disqualified or disabled, or shall otherwise be removed. {c) At each annual election held after the Incorporation Date, the directors chosen to succeed those whose terms then expire shall be identified as being of the same class as the directors they succeed, unless, by reason of any intervening changes in the authorized number of directors, the board of directors shall designate one or more directorships whose term then expires as directorships of another class in order more nearly to achieve equality in the number of directors among the classes. When the board of directors fills a vacancy resulting from the resignation, death, disqualification or removal of a director, the director chosen to fill that vacancy shall be of the same class as the director he succeeds, unless, by reason of any previous changes in the authorized number of directors, the board of directors shall designate the vacant directorship as a directorship of another class in order more nearly to achieve equality in the number of directors among the classes. 2 (d) Notwithstanding the rule that the three classes shall be as nearly equal in number of directors as possible, in the event of any change in the authorized number of directors each director then continuing to serve as such will nevertheless continue as a director of the class of which he is a member, until the expiration of his current term or his earlier resignation, death, disqualification or removal, If any newly created directorship or vacancy on the board of directors, consistent with the rule that the three classes shall be as nearly equal in number of directors as possible, may be allocated to one or two or more classes, the board of directors shall allocate it to that of the available class whose term of office is due to expire at the earliest date following such allocation. (e) During any period when the holders of Preferred Stock or any one or more series thereof, voting as a class, shall be entitled to elect a specified number of directors by reason of dividend arrearages or other contingencies giving them the right to do so, then and during such time as such right continues (1) the then otherwise authorized number of directors shall be increased by such specified number of directors, and the holders of the Preferred Stock or such series thereof, voting as a class, shall be entitled to elect the additional directors as provided for pursuant to the provisions of such Preferred Stock or series; (2) each such additional director shall not be a member of Class I, Class II or Class ITI, but shall serve until the next annual meeting or until his successor shall be elected and shall qualify, or until his right to hold such office terminates pursuant to the provisions of such Preferred Stock or series, whichever is earlier; and (3) whenever the holders of such Preferred Stock or series thereof are divested of such rights to elect a specified number of directors, voting as a class, pursuant to the provisions of such Preferred Stock or series, the terms of office of all directors elected by the holders of such Preferred Stock or series, voting as a class pursuant to such provisions, or elected to fill any vacancies resulting from the resignation, death, disqualification or removal of directors so elected by the holders of such Preferred Stock or series, shall forthwith terminate and the authorized number of directors shall be reduced accordingly. (p Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, any director, or the entire board of directors, may be removed from office at any time, but only (1) for cause, and (2) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Voting Stock. For purposes of this Certificate of Incorporation, "Voting Stock" means all . outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally im the election of directors of the Corporation, and each reference to a percentage or portion of shares of Voting Stock shall refer to such percentage or portion of the votes entitled to be cast by such shares. ARTICLE VUI LIMITATION OF DIRECTOR LIABILITY To the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, a director of the corporation shall not be liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, If the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended after the date of the filing of this Certificate of Incorporation to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the 3 fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as so amended from time to time. No repeal or modification of this Article VIII by the stockholders shall adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the corporation existing by virtue of this Article VIII at the time of such repeal or modification. ARTICLE IX BYLAWS In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, repeal, alter, amend and rescind any or all of the bylaws of the corporation, Bylaws may not be made, repealed, altered, amended or rescinded by the stockholders of the corporation except by the vote of the holders of not less than eighty percent (80%) of the outstanding Voting Stock of the corporation, considered for purposes of this Article IX as one class, ARTICLE X RESTRICTIONS ON CERTAIN AMENDMENTS TO CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION The corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred on stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation, Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions set forth in this Article X and in Articles IV, VIL, IX, XI, XY and XIII may not be repealed, amended or otherwise modified, directly or indirectly, in any respect; provided, however, that any of the foregoing Articles may be repealed or amended in any respect if such repeal or amendment is approved by such vote as may be required under applicable law and in addition thereto by the affirmative vote of the holders, voting together as a single class, of not less than eighty percent (80%) of the outstanding Voting Stock of the corporation. ARTICLE XI CALL OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS Special meetings of the stockholders of the corporation for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the board of directors or by the Chaitman of the Board or by the President of the corporation, but such special meetings may not be called by any other person or persons; provided, however, that if and to the extent that any special meeting of the stockholders may be called by any other person or persons specified in any provisions of any certificate filed under Section 151(g) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (or its successor statute as in effect from time to time hereunder), then such special meeting may also be called by the person or persons, in the manner, at the times and for the purposes so specified. 4


 
ARTICLE Xi NO ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT Subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock relating to the ability of such holders of such Preferred Stock to take action by a consent or consents in writing, no action shall be taken by the stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of stockholders. No action shall be taken by stockholders by written consent. ARTICLE XI BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (a) Vote Required For Certain Business Combinations. In addition to any affirmative vote required by law or by any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, and in addition to any voting rights granted or to be held by holders of Preferred Stock, the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than eighty percent (80%) of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Corporation, considered for purposes of this Article XIII as one class, shall be required for the approval or authorization of any “business combination” (as hereinafter defined) with any “other entity" (as hereinafter defined) if, as of the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice thereof and to vote thereon, such other entity is, directly or indirectly, the "beneficial owner” of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Common Stock of the Corporation. (b) ceptions. @) Section (a) of this Article XIII shall not be applicable to any particular business combination, and such business combination shall require only such affirmative vote as may be required by law, by any voting rights granted to or held by holders of Preferred Stock and by any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, if the proposed business combination shall have been approved by a majority of the "continuing directors” (as hereinafter defined). (ij) Section (a) of this Article XIII shall not be applicable to any particular business combination in which shareholders of the Corporation, in one or more transactions, are to receive cash, property, securities or other consideration in exchange for their shares of capital stock of the Corporation, and such business combination shall require only such affirmative vote as may be required by law, by any voting rights granted to or held by holders of Preferred Stock and by any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, if the following condition is met: the cash plus the fair market value of the property, securities or other consideration to be received per share by holders of the Common Stock of the Corporation in the business combination is not less than the highest per share price (including (i) brokerage commissions, (ii) soliciting dealers' fees, (iii) dealer-manager compensation, and (iv) other expenses, including, but not limited to, costs of newspaper advertisements, printing expenses and attorneys’ fees) paid by such other entity in acquiring any of its holdings of the Corporation's Common Stock (1) within the period of eighteen (18) months immediately prior to and including 5 the date of the most recent public announcement of the proposal of the business combination or (2) in the transaction or series of transactions in which it acquired more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Common Stock of the Corporation. (iii) Section (a) of this Article XTII shall not be applicable to any particular business combination, and such business combination shall require ouly such affirmative vote as may be required by Jaw, by any voting rights granted to or held by holders of Preferred Stock and by any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, if the proposed business combination is solely between the Corporation and another corporation, 30% or more of the voting stock of which is owned by the Corporation. (c) Definitions. For purposes of this Article XII: (1) The term "business combination" shall mean: (i) any merger or consolidation of the Corporation or of any subsidiary of the Corporation with or into any other entity; (ii) the sale, exchange or lease of all or any substantial part of the assets of the Corporation to any other entity; or (iii) any sale or lease to the Corporation or any subsidiary thereof in exchange for securities of the Corporation of any assets of any other entity or securities issued by such other entity, for which the approval of stockholders of the Corporation is required by law or by any agreement between the Corporation and any national securities exchange. (2) The term “other entity" shall mean and include (i) any individual, corporation, partnership or other person; (ji) any other party which is an "affiliate" or "associate" (as those terms are defined in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of any entity described in clause (i); (iii) any other party with which any entity described in clause (i) or any of its affiliates or associates have any agreement, arrangement or understanding, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of shares of the Corporation; and (iv) the predecessors, successors or assigns of any entities described in clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) in any transaction or series of transactions not involving a public offering of the shares of the Corporation within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933; provided, however, that the term "other entity" shall not include any individual, corporation, partnership or other person, entity or group which "beneficially owned" on March 1, 1998, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding common stock of Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a California corporation. (3) The term "continuing director" shall mean a director who (i) is unaffiliated with and is not the other entity and (ii) was a member of the Board of Directors prior to the time that the other entity involved in the proposed business combination acquired in excess of 5% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Corporation. (4) ‘The term "beneficial ownership" shall include, without limitation, any shares of stock of the Corporation which any other entity has the right to acquire pursuant to any agreement, or upon exercise of conversion rights, warrants or options, or otherwise. (5) For the purposes of subparagraph (b)(ii) of this Article XII, the term “other consideration" shall include Common Stock of the Corporation retained by its existing 6 public stockholders in the event of a business combination with such other entity in which the Corporation is the surviving corporation. (d) Determination of Compliance. A majority of the continuing directors shall have the power and duty to determine, for purposes of this Article XIII and on the basis of information known to them: (1) Whether the proposal business combination is within the scope of this Article XT; (2) | Whether the other entity owns beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Corporation; (3) The per share value proposed to be paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Corporation in the business combination, within the meaning of paragraph (b)(il) of this Article XII; and (4) The highest price per share paid by the other entity, within the meaning of subparagraph (b)(ii) of this Article XIII. Such determination(s), if made in good faith, shall be binding upon all parties. (e) Eiduciary Duty. Nothing contained in this Article XII shall be construed to relieve the other entity from any fiduciary obligation imposed by statute or case law. ARTICLE XIV CREDITOR COMPROMISE OR ARRANGEMENT Whenever a compromise or arrangement is proposed between this corporation and its creditors or any class of them and/or between this corporation and its stockholders or any class of them, any court of equitable jurisdiction within the State of Delaware may, on the application in a summary way of this corporation or of any creditor or stockholder thereof or on the application of any receiver or receivers appointed for this corporation under the provisions of Section 291 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code or on the application of trustees in dissolution or of any receiver or receivers appointed for this corporation under the provisions of Section 279 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of this corporation, as the case may be, to be summoned in such manner as the said court directs. If a majority in number representing three-fourths in value of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of this corporation, as the case may be, agree to any compromise or arrangement and to any reorganization of this corporation as a consequence of such compromise or arrangement, the said compromise or atrangement and the said reorganization shall, if sanctioned by the court to which the said application has been made, be binding on all the creditors or class of creditors, and/or ou all the stockholders or clasy of stackholders, of this corporation, as the case may be, and also on this corporation. 7


 
CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION _ Willis Lease Finance Corporation (the "Corporation"), a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, does hereby certify that: FIRST: The Board of Directors of the Corporation has approved the following amendment to Article IV of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation so that, as amended, said Article shall read as follows: ARTICLE IV AUTHORIZED CAPITAL STOCK (a) | The corporation shall be authorized to issue two classes of shares of stock to be designated, respectively, "Preferred Stock" and "Common Stock"; the total number of shares which the corporation shall have authority to issue is Twenty-Five Million (25,000,000); the total number of shares of Preferred Stock shall be Five Million (5,000,000) anid each such share shall have a par value of one cent ($0.01); and the total number of shares of Common Stock shali be Twenty Million (20,000,000) and each such share shall have a par value of one cent ($0.01). (b) — The shares of Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The board of directors is hereby vested with authority to fix by resolution or resolutions the designations and the powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including without limitation the dividend rate, conversion or exchange rights, redemption price and liquidation preference, of any series of shares of Preferred Stock, and to fix the number of shares constituting any such series, and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such series (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding). In case the number of shares of any such series shall be so decreased, the shares constituting such decrease shall resume the status which they had prior to the adoption of the resolution or resolutions originally fixing the number of shares of such series. SECOND: The stockholders of the Corporation considered and voted unanimously in favor of the amendment. FAX NO. 302 CERTIFICATE OF MERGER OF WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a California corporation WITH AND INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation PURSUANT TO SECTION 252 OF THE DELAWARE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW The undersigned corporation hereby certifies that: FIRST: SECOND: THIRD: FOURTH: FIFTH: SIXTH: SEVENTH: Dated: May 13, 1998. The names and states of incorporation of the constituent corporations are as follows: Name State of Incorporation Willis Lease Finance Corporation Delaware Willis Lease Finance Corporation California An Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of May 13, 1998, between the constituent corporations has been approved, adopted, certified, executed and acknowledged by each of the constituent corporations in accordance with the requirements of Section 252 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, The name of the surviving corporation of the merger is Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation. Upon the effectiveness of the merger, the Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation, shall be the Certificate of Incorporation of the surviving corporation. The executed Agreement and Plan of Merger is on file at the office of the surviving corporation. The address of said office is 180 Harbor Drive, Suite 200, Sausalito, California 94965, A copy of the Agreement and Plan of Merger will be furnished by the surviving corporation, on request and without cost, to any stockholder of any constituent corporation. The authorized capital stock of Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a California corporation is 20,000,000 shares of Common Stock, no par value, and 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, no par value. WILLIS. LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation - Senior Vice President /s/ Rae A. Capps QCT- 1-99 FRI 4°16 PM CAPITOL SERVICES FAX NO, CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS OF SERIES A JUNIOR PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK (Par Value $.01 Per Share) | OF WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION Pursuant to Section 131 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware We, Charles F. Willis, IV, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Rae A. Capps, Eeq., Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a company organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Company"), in accordance with the provisions of Section 103 thereof, DO HEREBY CERTIFY: That pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board of Di ectors") by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (the "Certificate of Incorporation"), and in accordance with the provisions of Section 151 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended (the "GCL"), the Board of Directors, on September 14, 1999, adopted the following resolution creating a series of its Preferred Stock, pat valus $.01 per share: RESOLVED, that pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors of the Company by the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors hereby designates 200,000 shares of the preferred stock, par value $.01 per sharc, of the Company as "Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock" (the "Preferred Shares"), and the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other rights of the Preferred Shares and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, be, and they hereby are, as set forth below: Section 1. Designation and Amount. The shares of such series shall be designated as “Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock" and the number of shares constituting such series so designated shall be 200,000 (the "Series A Preferred Stock"), Such number of shares may be increased ot decreased by resolution of the Board of Directors; provided, however, that no dectease shall reduce the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock to a number less than the number of shares then outstanding plus the number of shares reserved for issuance upon the


 
exercise of outstanding options, rights or warrants or upon the conversion of any outstanding securities issued by the Company convertible into Series A Preferred Stock. Section 2. Dividends and Distributions. (a) Subject to the rights of the holders of any shares of any series of Preferred Stock (or any similar stock) ranking prior and superior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to dividends, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock, in preference to the holders of shares of Common Stock, par value $.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), of the Company, and of any other junior stock, shall be entifled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available for the purpose, quarterly dividends payable in cash on the first day of March, June, September and December in each year (each such date being referred to herein as 4 "Quarterly Dividend Payment Date"), commencing on the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date after the first issuance of a share or fraction of a share of Series A Preferred Stock, in an amount per share (rounded to the nearest cont) equ al to the greater of (i) $.25 per share ($1.00 per annum) or (i) subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, 100 times the aggregate per share amount of all cash dividends, and 100 times the aggregate per share ammount (payable in kind) of all non-cash dividends or other distributions, other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock or a subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise), declared on the Common Stock since the immediately preceding Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or, with respect to the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, since the first issuance of any share or fraction of a share of Series A Preferred Stock, In the cvent the Company shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, o1 effect a subdivision or cornbination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into 4 preater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such event the amount to which the holder of each share of Series A Preferred Stock was entitled immediately prior to such event under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such event. (b) The Company shall declare a dividend or distribution on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided in paragraph (a) of this Section 2 immediately after it declares a dividend or distribution on the Common Stock (other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock); provided, however, that, in the event no dividend or distribution shall have bcen declared on the Common Stock during the period between any Quarterly Dividend Payment Date and the next subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, a dividend of $.25 per share ($1.00 per annum) on the Serics A Preferred Stock shali nevertheless be payable on such subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. (c) Dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative on outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock from the Quarterly Dividend Payment Date next preceding the date of issue of such shares, unless the date of issue of such shares is prior to the record date for the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in which event dividends on such shares shall begin to accrue from the date of issue of such shares, or unless the date of issue is a Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or is a date after the record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock entitled to receive a quarterly dividend and before such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in either of which events such dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative from such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. Accrued but unpaid dividends shall cumulate but shall not bear interest. Dividends paid on the shares of Series A Preferred Stock in an amount less than the total amount of such dividends at the time accrued and payable on such shares shall be allocated pro rata on a share-by-share basis among all such shares at the time outstanding. ‘The Board of Directors may fix a record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock entitled to receive payment of a dividend or distribution declared thercon, which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the payment thereof. Section 3. Voting Rights. The holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have the following voting rights: (a) Subject to the provision for adjusiment hereinafter set forth, each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to 100 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Company. In the event the Company shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the number of votes per share to which holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event shall be adjusted by multiplying such number by a fraction, the numerator of which is the numbet of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such event. (b) Except as otherwise provided herein, in the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the "Charter"), in any other certificate of designations creating a series of Preferred Stock or any similar stock or by law, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock and the holders of shares of Common Stock and any other capital stock of the Company having general voting rights shall vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Company. (c) Exceptas set forth herein, or as otherwise provided by law, holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall have no special voting rights and their consent shall not be required (except to the extent they are entitled to vote with holders of Comnion Stock as set forth herein) for taking any corporate action. Section 4. Certain Restrictions. (a) Whenever quarterly dividends or other dividends or distributions payable on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided in Section 2 are in arrears, thereafter and until all accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions, whether or not authorized or declared, on shares of Series OCT- 1-99 FRI 4:18 PM CAPITOL SERVICES FAX NO, 6009694671 A Preferred Stock outstanding shall have been paid in full, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly: (i) authorize, declare or pay dividends on, or make any other distributions with respect to, any shares of stock ranking junior (cither as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock, (ii) anthorize, declare or pay dividends on, or make any other distributions with respect to, any shares of stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Preferred Stock, except dividends paid ratably on the Series A Preferred Stock and all such parity stock on which dividends are payable or in arrears in proportion to the total amounts to which the holders of all such shares are then entitled: (iii) redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration shares of any stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock, provided that the Company may at any time redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire shares of any such junior stock in exchange for shares of any stock of the Company ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock; or (iv) redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of Series A Preferred Stock, or any shares of stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, except in accordance with a purchase offer made in writing or by publication (as determined by the Board of Directors) to all holders of such shares upon such terms as the Board of Directors, after consideration of the respective annual dividend rates and other relative rights and preferences of the respective series and classes, shall determine in good faith will result in fair and equitable treatment arnong the respective series or classes. (b) The Company shall not permit any subsidiary of the Company to purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration, directly or indirectly, any shares of stock of the Company unless the Company could, under paragraph (a) of this Section 4, purchase or otherwise acquire such shares at such time and in such manner. Section 5. Reacquired Shares. Any shares of Series A Preferred Stock purchased or otherwise acquired by the Company in any manner whatsoever shall be retired and canceled promptly after the acquisition thereof. All such shares shall upon their cancellation become authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock and may be reissued as part of a new series of Preferred Stack subject to the conditions and restrictions on issuance set forth herein, in the Charter, in any other certificate of designations creating a series of Preferred Stock or any similar stock or as otherwise required by law. Section 6. Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up, Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, no distribution shall be made to: (i) the holders of shares of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock unless, prior thereto, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have received the greater of (A) $100.00 per share ($1.00 per one one-hundredth of a share), plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions thereon, whether or not declared, to the date of such payment, or (B) an aggregate amount per share, subject to the P, provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, equal to 100 times the aggregate amount to be distributed per share of Common Stock to holders thereof; or (11) the holders of shares of stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Preferred Stock, except distributions made ratably on the Sertes A Preferred Stock and all such parity stock in proportion to the total amounts to which the holders of all such shares are entitled upon such liquidation, dissolution or winding up. In the event the Company shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding sharcs of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such event the aggregate amount to which each holder of a share of Series A Preferred Stock was entitled immediately prior to such event under clause (i) of the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such event. Section 7. Consolidation. Merger r Other. In the event the Company shall enter into any consolidation, merger, combination or other transaction m which the shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into other stock or securities, cash and/or ary other property or otherwise changed, then in any such event each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall at the game time be similarly exchanged or changed into an amount per share, subjcct to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, equal to 100 times the aggregate amount of stock, securities, cash and/or any other property (payable in kind), as the case may be, into which or for which each share of Common Stock is changed or exchanged. In the event the Company shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Comimion Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such event the amount set forth in the preceding sentence with respect to the exchange or change of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Coramon Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such event. Section 8. No Redemption. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be redeemable. Section 9. Rank. The Series A Preferred Stock shall rank, with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets, junior fo all series or classes of the Company's Preferred Stock whether issued before or after the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock. Section 10, Amendment. The Charter shall not be amended in any manner that would materially alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of the Series A Preferred Stock, as set forth herein, so as to affect them adversely without the affirmative vote of the


 
1 holders of at least two•thirds of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class. IN WITNESS WlffilU!OF, this Certificate is executed on behalf of the Company by its President and Chief Executive Officer 8.:tld attested by its Corporate Secretary this 1st day of October, 1999. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION By� /s/ Charles F. Willis, IV Attest; By: /s/ Rae A. Capps Naine: Rae A. Capps, Esq. Title: Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary Name: Charles F. Willis� IV Title: President and Chief Executive Officer CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP MERGING T-12 INC. (a California corporation) WITH AND INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) PURSUANT TO SECTION 253 OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF DELAWARE Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation incorporated on the 12th day of March, 1998 pursuant to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Corporation"), does hereby certify the following: FIRST: That this Corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") is the parent corporation of T-12 Inc., the subsidiary corporation, and the Corporation owns all (100%) of the outstanding capital stock of T-12 Inc. (the "Disappearing Corporation"), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of California. SECOND: That this Corporation, by a resolution of its Board of Directors duly adopted onthe 4 th day of June, 2000, determined to and, subject to the conditions set forth in such resolutions, does merge T-12 Inc. into itself, to be effective June 30, 2000, at 4:15pm Eastern Time (the "Merger"): MERGER OF T-12 INC. INTO CORPORATION WHEREAS, T-12 Inc., a California corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the corporation and T-12 Inc. has no other shareholders. WHEREAS, it has been proposed that the ownership and operation of the Corporation and T-12 Inc. be consolidated. WHEREAS, to effect such consolidation, it has been proposed that T-12 Inc. be merged with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the surviving corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") of the merger (the "Merger"), and pursuant to which: (i) effective +). , June 30, 2000 (the "Effective Date"), T-12 Inc. would merge with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the Surviving Corporation of the Merger, (ii) T-12 Inc. would cease to exist, (iit) each outstanding share of capital stock of T-12 Inc. would be automatically canceled, (iv) all assets of T-12 Inc. would be transferred to and vested in the corporation by operation of law, and (v) all debts and liabilities of T-12 Inc. would be assigned to and assumed by the Corporation by operation of law. WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, it is intended that the Merger will qualify as 4 tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 332 of the Internal Revenue Code. WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that it is desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to consummate the Merger and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Merger be, and it hereby is, approved. RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Corporation, as the sole shareholder of T-12 Inc., approves the Merger. RESOLVED FURTHER, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to take such action as necessary to carry the Merger into effect and cancel the shares of outstanding capital stock of T-12 Inc. RESOLVED FURTHER, that each officer of the Corporation acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such other documents and to take such further actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of certificates of ownership or merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and the California Secretary of State, as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to consummate the Merger, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED FURTHER, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver such documents and to take such actions as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to obtain any required contractual consents to the Merger from third parties, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution or delivery of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED FURTHER, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such documents and to take such actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of patent, trademark or servicemark assignments with the United States Patent Office or other appropriate agencies, as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to transfer T-12 Inc. registrations to the Corporation, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED FURTHER, that any action heretofore or hereafter taken by any officer or director of the Corporation consistent with the authority granted by these resolutions is hereby ratified, confirmed and approved as the act and deed of the corporation. THIRD: No other approvals of the Merger are required under Califomia or Delaware law, [Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]


 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and subscribed to this Certificate of Ownership on behalf of Willis Lease Finance Corporation. as its authorized officer and hereby affirms, under penalties of perjury, that this Certificate of Ownership is the act and deed of such corporation and that the facts stated herein are rue. DATED: June 30, 2000 Willis Lease Finance Corporation, Name: Charles F. Willis Tide: President By: /s/ Charles F. Willis, IV CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP AND MERGER MERGING WLFC FUNDING CORPORATION INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION RR ee RR Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of Delaware (the "Corporation"), DOES HEREBY CERTIFY: FIRST: That the Corporation was incorpatated on the 12th day of March, 1998, pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. SECOND: That the Corporation owns all of the outstanding shares of the stock of WLFC Funding Corporation, a corporation incorporated on the 13th day of November, 1997, pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware ("WLFC Frnding"}. THIRD: That the Corporation, by the following resolutions of its Board of Directors, duly adopted by unanimous written consent on the 10thay of September, 2002, determined to and did merge WLFC Funding with and into itself: RESOLVED, that the merger (the "Merger") of WLFC Funding with and isto the Corporation, with the Corporation being the surviving corporation (the "Surviving Corporation"), be, and it hereby is, approved and adopted; RESOLVED FURTHER, that in connection with the Merger, the Corporation shall assume all of the obligations and liabilities of WLFC Funding; RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Merger shall be effective upon filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the "Effective Time"); RESOLVED FURTHER, that upon the Effective Time of the Merger, all outstanding shares of common stock, no par value, of WLFC Funding (the “Shares“), which constinte the only outstanding shares of any class of capital stock of WLFC Funding, shall be canceled; RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Certificate of Incorparation of the Corporation shal] continue in effect unchanged as the certificate of incorporation of the Surviving Corporation; RESOLVED FURTHER, that the officers of the Corporation be, and each of them acting alone hereby is, authorized to execute, deliver and file, on behalf of the Corporation and in its name, a Certificate of Ownership and Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in accordance with Section 253 of the Delaware General Corporation Law and any other agreement or document required to be executed, delivered or filed with any governmental body or agency in connection with the Merger: and RESOLVED FURTHER, that any action taken by any of the officers of the Corporation in connection with the Merger or any other matters authorized hereby be, and it hereby is, ratified and approved. IN WITNESS WHEREOR, the Corporation has caused this Certificate to be executed by its Secretary, this 16tQiay of September, 2002. WILLI$ LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION » - Name: Donald A. Nunemaker Title: Executive Vice President and COO : /s/ Donald A. Nunemaker


 
CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP MERGING T-2 INC. (a California corporation) WITH AND INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) PURSUANT TO SECTION 253 OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF DELAWARE Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation incorporated on the 12th day of March, 1998 pursuant to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Corporation"), does hereby certify the following: FIRST: That this Corporation (the "Surviving Corporation”) is the parent corporation of T-2 Inc., the subsidiary corporation, and the Corporation owns all (100%) of the outstanding capita) stock of T-2 Inc. (the "Disappearing Corporation"), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Califorma. SECOND: That this Corporation, by a resolution of its Board of Directars duly adopted on December 7, 2004, determined to and, subject to the conditions set forth in such resolutions, does merge T-2 Inc. into itself, to be effective December 31, 2004, at 4:45 p.m., Eastem Time (the "Merger"): MERGER OF T-2 INC. INTO CORPORATION WHEREAS, T-2 Inc., a California corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the corporation. WHEREAS, it has been proposed that the ownership and operation of the Corporation and T-2 Inc. be consolidated. WHEREAS, to effect such consolidation, it has been proposed that T-2 Inc. be merged with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as The surviving corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") of the merger (the "Merger"), and pursuant to which: (i) effective December 31, 2004 (the "Effective Date"), T-2 Inc. would merge with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the Surviving Corporation of the Merger, (ii) T-2 Inc. would cease to exist, (iii) each outstanding share of capital stock of T-2 Inc. would be automatically canceled, (iv) all assets of T-2 Inc. would be transferred to and vested in the corporation by operation of law, and (v) all debts and liabilities of T-2 Inc. would be assigned to and assumed by the Corporation by operation of law. WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, it is intended that the Merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 332 of the Internal Revenue Code. WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that it is desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to consummate the Merger and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Merger be, and it hereby is, approved. RESOLVED, that the Corporation, as the sole shareholder of T-2 Inc., approves the Merger. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to take such action as necessary to carry the Merger into effect and cancel the shares of outstanding capital stock of T-2 Inc. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such other documents and to take such actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of certificates of ownership or merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and the California Secretary of State, as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to consummate the Merger, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such acnons. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver such documents and to take such actions as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to obtain any required contractual consents to the Merger from third parties, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution or delivery of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that any action heretofore or hereafter taken by any officer or director of the Corporation consistent with the authority granted by these resolutions is hereby ratified, confirmed and approved as the act and deed of the corporation. THIRD: No other approvals of the Merger are required under Califomia or Delaware law. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and subscribed to this Certificate of Ownership on behalf of Willis Lease Finance Corporation. as its authorized officer and hereby affirms, under penalties of perjury, that this Certificate of Ownership is the act and deed of such corporation and that the facts stated herein are true. DATED: December 17, 2004 Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation By: Name: Thomas C. Nard Title: Sr. V.P., General Counsel and Secretary /s/ Thomas C. Nord CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP MERGING T-4 INC. (a California corporation) WITH AND INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) PURSUANT TO SECTION 253 OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF DELAWARE Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation incorporated on the 12th day of March, 1998 pursuant to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "“Corporation"), does hereby certify the following: FIRST: That this Corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") is the parent corporation of T-4 Inc., the subsidiary corporation, and the Corporation owns all (100%) of the outstanding capital stock of T-4 Inc. (the "Disappearing Corporation"), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of California. SECOND: That this Corporation, by a resolution of its Board of Directors duly adopted on December 7, 2004, determined to and, subject to the conditions set forth in such resolutions, does merge T-4 Inc. into itself, to be effective December 31, 2004, at 4:45 p.m., Eastern Time (the "Merger"): MERGER OF T-4 INC. INTO CORPORATION WHEREAS, T-4 Inc., a California corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the corporation. WHEREAS, it has been proposed that the ownership and operation of the Corporation and T-4 Inc. be consolidated. WHEREAS, to effect such consolidation, it has been proposed that T-4 Inc. be merged with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the surviving corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") of the merger (the "Merger"), and pursuant to which: (i) effective December 31, 2004 (the "Effective Date"), T-4 Inc. would merge with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the Surviving Corporation of the Merger, (ii) T-4 Inc. would cease to exist, (iii) each outstanding share of capital stock of T-4 Inc. would be automatically canceled, (iv) all assets of T-4 Inc. would be transferred to and vested in the corporation by operation of law, and (v) all debts and liabilities of T-4 Inc. would be assigned to and assumed by the Corporation by operation of law.


 
WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, it is intended that the Merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 332 of the Internal Revenue Code. WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that it is desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to consummate the Merger and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Merger be, and it hereby is, approved. RESOLVED, that the Corporation, as the sole shareholder of T-4 Inc., approves the Merger. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to take such action as necessary to carry the Merger into effect and cancel the shares of outstanding capital stock of T-4 Inc. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such other documents and to take such further actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of certificates of ownership or merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and the California Secretary of State, as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to consummate the Merger, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver such documents and to take such actions as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to obtain any required contractual consents to the Merger from third parties, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution or delivery of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that any action heretofore or hereafter taken by any officer or director of the Corporation consistent with the authority granted by these resolutions is hereby ratified, confirmed and approved as the act and deed of the corporation. THIRD: No other approvals of the Merger are required under California or Delaware law. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and subscribed to ths Certificate of Ownership on behalf of Willis Lease Finance Corporation. as its authorized officer and hereby affinns, under penalties of perjury, that this Certificate of Ownership is the act and deed of such corporation and that the facts stated herein are true. DATED: December 17, 2004 Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation By: Name: Thomas C. Nord Title: Sr. V.P., General Counsel and Secretary /s/ Thomas C. Nord CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP MERGING T-5 INC. (a California corporation) WITH AND INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) PURSUANT TO SECTION 253 OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF DELAWARE Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation incorporated on the 12th day of March, 1998 pursuant to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Corporation"), does hereby certify the following: FIRST: That this Corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") is the parent corporation of T-5 Inc., the subsidiary corporation, and the Corporation owns all (100%) of the outstanding capital stock of T-5 Inc. (the "Disappearing Corporation"), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of California. SECOND: That this Corporation, by a resolution of its Board of Directors duly adopted on December 7, 2004, determined to and, subject to the conditions set forth in such resolutions, does merge T-5 Inc. into itself, 10 be effective December 31, 2004, at 4:45 p.m., Eastern Time (the "Merger"): MERGER OF T-5 INC. INTO CORPORATION WHEREAS, T-5 Inc., a California corporation, 18 a wholly owned subsidiary of the corporation. WHEREAS, it has been proposed that the ownership and operation of the Corporation and T-5 Inc. be consolidated. WHEREAS, to effect such consolidation, it has been proposed that T-5 Inc. be merged with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the surviving corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") of the merger (the "Merger"), and pursuant to which: (i) effective December 31, 2004 (the "Bffective Date"), T-5 Inc. would merge with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the Surviving Corporation of the Merger, (31) T-5 Inc. would cease to exist, (ili) each outstanding share of capital stock of T-S Inc. would be automatically canceled, (iv) all assets of T-5 Inc. would be transferred to and vested in the corporation by operation of law, and (v) all debts and liabilities of T-5 Inc. would be assigned to and assumed by the Corporation by operation of law. WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, it is intended that the Merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 332 of the Internal Revenue Code. WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that it is desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to consummate the Merger and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Merger be, and it hereby is, approved. RESOLVED, that the Corporation, as the sole shareholder of T-5 Inc., approves the Merger. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to take such action as necessary to carry the Merger into effect and cancel the shares of outstanding capital stock of T-5 Ine. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such other documents and to take such further actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of certificates of ownership or merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and the California Secretary of State, as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to consummate the Merger, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver such documents and to take such actions as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to obtain any required contractual consents to the Merger from third parties, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution or delivery of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that any action heretofore or hereafter taken by any officer or director of the Corporation consistent with the authority granted by these resolutions is hereby ratified, confirmed and approved as the act and deed of the corporation. THIRD: No other approvals of the Merger are required under California or Delaware law.


 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and subscribed to this Centificate of Ownership on behalf of Willis Lease Finance Corporation. as its authorized officer and hereby affirms, under penalties of perjury, that this Certificate of Ownership is the act and deed of such corporation and that the facts stated herein are true. DATED: December 17, 2004 Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation By: Name: ThomasC.Nord ‘ Title: Sr. V-P., General Counsel and Secretary /s/ Thomas C. Nord CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP MERGING T-7 INC, (a California corporation) WITH AND INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) PURSUANT TO SECTION 253 OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF DELAWARE Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation incorporated on the 12th day of March, 1998 pursuant to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Corporation"), does hereby certify the following: FIRST: That this Corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") is the parent corporation of T-7 Inc., the subsidiary corporation, and the Corporation owns all (1 00%) of the outstanding capital stock of T-7 Inc. (the "Disappearing Corporation"), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of California. SECOND: That this Corporation, by a resolution of its Board of Directors duly adopted on December 7, 2004, determined to and, subject to the conditions set forth in such resolutions, does merge T-7 Inc. into itself, 10 be effective December 31, 2004, at 4:45 p.m., Eastern Time (the "Merger"): MERGER OF T-7 INC. INTO CORPORATION WHEREAS, T-7 Inc., a California corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the corporation. WHEREAS, it has been proposed that the ownership and operation of the Corporation and T-7 Inc. be consolidated. WHEREAS, to effect such consolidation, it has been proposed that T-7 Inc. be merged with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the surviving corporation (the “Surviving Corporation") of the merger (the "Merger"), and pursuant to which: (i) effective December 31, 2004 (the "Effective Date"), T-7 Inc. would merge with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the Surviving Corporation of the Merger, (ii) T-7 Inc. would cease to exist, (ili) each outstanding share of capital stack of T-7 Inc. would be automatically canceled, (iv) all assets of T-7 Inc. would be transferred to and vested in the corporation by operation of law, and (v) all debts and liabilities of T-7 Inc. would be assigned to and assumed by the Corporation by operation of law. WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, it is intended that the Merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 332 of the Internal Revenue Code. WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that it is desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to consummate the Merger and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Merger be, and it hereby is, approved. RESOLVED, that the Corporation, as the sole shareholder of T-7 Inc., approves the Merger. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to take such action as necessary to carry the Merger into effect and cancel the shares of outstanding capital stock of T-7 Inc. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such other documents and to take such further actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of certificates of ownership or merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and the California Secretary of State, as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to consummate the Merger, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver such documents and to take such actions as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to obtain any required contractual consents to the Merger from third parties, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution or delivery of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that any action heretofore or hereafter taken by any officer or director of the Corporation consistent with the authority granted by these resolutions is hereby ratified, confirmed and approved as the act and deed of the corporation. THIRD: No other approvals of ihe Merger are required under California or Delaware law. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and subscribed to this Certificate of Ownership on behalf of Willis Lease Finance Corporation. as its authorized officer and hereby affirms, under penalties of perjury, that this Certificate of Ownership is the act and deed of such corporation and that the facts stated herein are true. DATED: December 17, 2004 Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation. By: Name: Thomas C. Nord Title: Sr. V.P., Genera] Counsel and Secretary /s/ Thomas C. Nord


 
CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP = MERGING T-8 INC. (a California corporation) WITH AND INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) PURSUANT TO SECTION 253 OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF DELAWARE Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation incorporated on the 12th day of March, 1998 pursuant to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Corporation"), does hereby certify the following: FIRST: That this Corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") is the parent corporation of T-8 Inc., the subsidiary corporation, and the Corporation owns all (100%) of the outstanding capital stock of T-8 Inc. (the "Disappearing Corporation"), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of California. SECOND: That this Corporation, by a resolution of its Board of Directors duly adopted on December 7, 2004, determined to and, subject to the conditions set forth in such resolutions, does merge T-8 Inc. into itself, to be effective December 31, 2004, at 4:45 p.m., Eastern Time (the "Merger’): MERGER OF T-8 INC. INTO CORPORATION WHEREAS, T-8 Inc., a California corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the corporation. WHEREAS, it has been proposed that the ownership and operation of the Corporation and T-8 Inc. be consolidated. WHEREAS, to effect such consolidation, it has been proposed that T-8 Inc. be merged with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the surviving corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") of the merger (the "Merger"), and pursuant 10 which: (i) effective December 31, 2004 (the "Effective Date"), T-8 Inc. would merge with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the Surviving Corporation of the Merger, (ii) T-8 Inc. would cease to exist, (iii) each outstanding share of capital stock of T-8 Inc. would be automatically canceled, (iv) all assets of T-8 Inc. would be transferred to and vested in the corporation by operation of law, and (v) all debts and liabilities of T-8 Inc. would be assigned to and assumed by the Corporation by operation of law. WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, it is intended that the Merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 332 of the Intemal Revenue Code. WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that it is desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to consummate the Merger and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Merger be, and it hereby is, approved. RESOLVED, that the Corporation, as the sole shareholder of T-8 Inc., approves the Merger. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concent, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to take such action as necessary to carry the Merger into effect and cancel the shares of outstanding capital stock of T-8 Inc. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such other documents and to take such further actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of certificates of ownership or merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and the Califomia Secretary of State, as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to consummate the Merger, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver such documents and to take such actions as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to obtain any required contractual consents to the Merger from third parties, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution or delivery of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that any action heretofore or hereafter taken by any officer or director of the Corporation consistent with the authority granted by these resolutions is hereby ratified, confirmed and approved as the act and deed of the corporation. THIRD: No other approvals of the Merger are required under California or Delaware law. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and subscribed to this Certificate of Ownership on behalf of Willis Lease Finance Corporation, as its authorized officer and hereby affirms, under penalties of perjury, that this Certificate of Ownership is the act and deed of such corporation and that the facts stated herein are tue. DATED: December 17, 2004 Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation By: Name: Thomas C. Nord Title: Sr, V.P., General Counsel! and Secretary /s/ Thomas C. Nord CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP MERGING T-10 INC. (a California corporation) WITH AND INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) PURSUANT TO SECTION 253 OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF DELAWARE Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation incorporated on the 12th day of March, 1998 pursuant to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Corporation"), does hereby certify the following: FIRST: That this Corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") is the parent corporation of T-10 Inc., the subsidiary corporation, and the Corporation owns all (100%) of the outstanding capital stock of T-10 Inc. (the "Disappearing Corporation"), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of California. SECOND: That this Corporation, by a resolution of its Board of Directors duly adopted on December 7, 2004, determined to and, subject to the conditions set forth in such resolutions, does merge T-10 Inc. into itself, to be effective December 31, 2004, at 4:45 p.m., Eastem Time (the "Merger’): MERGER OF T-10 INC. INTO CORPORATION WHEREAS, T-10 Inc., a California corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the corporation. WHEREAS, it has been proposed that the ownership and operation of the Corporation and T-10 Inc. be consolidated. WHEREAS, to effect such consolidation, it has been proposed that T-10 Inc. be merged with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the surviving corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") of the merger (the "Merger"), and pursuant to Which: (i) effective December 31, 2004 (the "Effective Date"), T-10 Inc. would merge with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the Surviving Corporation of the Merger, (ii) T-10 Inc. would cease to exist, (iii) each outstanding share of capital stock of T-10 Inc. would be automarically canceled, (iv) all assets of T-10 Inc. would be transferred to and vested in the corporation by operation of law, and (v) ali debts and liabilities of T-10 Inc. would be assigned to and assumed by the Corporation by operation of law.


 
WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, it is intended that the Merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 332 of the Intemmal Revenue Code. WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that it is desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to consummate the Merger and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth hereim. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Merger be, and it hereby is, approved. RESOLVED, that the Corporation, as the sole shareholder of T-10 Inc., approves the Merger. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to take such action as necessary to carry the Merger into effect and cance] the shares of outstanding capital stock of T- 10 Inc. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such other documents and to take such further actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of certificates of ownership or merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and the California Secretary of State, as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to consummate the Merger, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver such documents and to take such actions as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to obtain any required contractual consents to the Merger from third parties, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution or delivery of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that any action heretofore or hereafter taken by any officer or director of the Corporation consistent with the authority granted by these resolutions is hereby ratified, confirmed and approved as the act and deed of the corporation. THIRD: No other approvals of the Merger are required under Califomia or Delaware law. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and subscribed to this Certificate of Ownership on behalf of Willis Lease Finance Corporation. as its authorized officer and hereby affirms, under penalties of perjury, that this Certificate of Ownership is the act and deed of such corporation and that the facts stated herein are true. DATED: December 17, 2004 Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation By: Name: Thomas C. Nord Title: Sr. V.P., General Counsel and Secretary /s/ Thomas C. Nord CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP s MERGING WLFC ENGINE POOLING COMPANY (a California corporation) WITH AND INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) PURSUANT TO SECTION 253 OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF DELAWARE Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation incorporated on the 12th day of March, 1998 pursuant to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Corporation"), does hereby certify the following: PIRST: That this Corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") is the parent corporation of WLEC Engine Pooling Company, the subsidiary corporation, and the Corporation owns all (100%) of the outstanding capital stock of WLFC Engine Pooling Company (the "Disappearing Corporation"), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of California. SECOND: That this Corporation, by a resolution of its Board of Directors duly adopted on December 7, 2004, determined to and, subject to the conditions set forth in such resolutions, does merge WLFC Engine Pooling Company into itself, to be effective December 31, 2004, at 4:45 p.m., Eastem Time (the "Merger"): MERGER OF WLFC ENGINE POOLING COMPANY INTO CORPORATION WHEREAS, WLFC Engine Pooling Company, a California corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the corporation. WHEREAS, it has been proposed that the ownership and operation of the Corporation and WLFC Engine Pooling Company be consolidated. WHEREAS, to effect such consolidation, it has been proposed that WLFC Engine Pooling Company be merged with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the surviving corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") of the merger (the "Merger"), and pursuant 10 which: (1) effective December 31, 2004 (the "Effective Date"), WLEC Engine Pooling Company would merge with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the Surviving Corporation of the Merger, (ii) WLFC Engine Pooling Company would cease to exist, (iii) each outstanding share of capital stock of WLFC Engine Pooling Company would be gutomatically canceled, (iv) all assets of WLEC Engine Pooling Company would be transferred to and vested in the carporation by operation of law, and (v) all debts and liabilities of WLFC Engine Pooling Company would be assigned to and assumed by the Corporation by operation of law. WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, it is intended that the Merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 332 of the Intemal Revenue Code. WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that it is desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to consummate the Merger and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Merger be, and it hereby 18, approved. . RESOLVED, that the Corporation, as the sole sharcholder of WLFC Engine Pooling Company, approves the Merger. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to take such action as necessary to carry the Merger into effect and cancel the shares of outstanding capital stock of WLFC Engine Pooling Company RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such other documents and to take such further actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of certificates of ownership or merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and the Califomia Secretary of State, as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to consummate the Merger, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver such documents and to take such actions as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to obtain any required contractual consents to the Merger from third parties, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution or delivery of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that any action heretofore or hereafter taken by any officer or director of the Corporation consistent with the authority granted by these resolutions is hereby ratified, confirmed and approved as the act and deed of the corporation. THIRD: No other approvals of the Merger are required under California or Delaware law, ih e)


 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and subscribed to this Certificate of Ownership on behalf of Willis Lease Finance Corporation. as jts authorized officer and hereby affirms, under penalties of perjury, that this Certificate of Ownership is the act and deed of such corporation and that the facts stated herein are true. DATED: December 17, 2004 Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation By: Name: mas C. Nord Title: Sr. V.P., General Counsel and Secretary /s/ Thomas C. Nord CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP MERGING T-11 INC. (a California corporation) WITH AND INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation} PURSUANT TO SECTION 253 OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF DELAWARE Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation incorporated on the 12th day of March, 1998 pursuant to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware {the "Corporation"), does hereby certify the following: FIRST: That this Corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") is the parent corporation of T-11 Inc., the subsidiary corporation, and the Corporation owns all (100%) of the outstanding capital stock of T-11 Inc. (the "Disappearing Corporation”), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of California. SECOND: That this Corporation, by a resolution of its Board of Directors duly adopted on the December £3, 2005, determined to and, subject to the conditions set forth in such resolutions, does merge T-11 Inc. into itself, to be effective December 31, at 4:45 p.m., Eastern Time (the "Merger"): MERGER OF T-11 INC. INTO CORPORATION WHEREAS, Terandon Leasing Corporation and T-11 Inc., (the “Merging Subsidiaries”), both California corporations, are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Corporation; WHEREAS, it has been proposed that the ownership and operation of the Corporation and the Merging Subsidiaries be consolidated; WHEREAS, to effect such consolidation, it has been proposed that the Merging Subsidiaries be merged with and into the Corporation (the "Mergers"), and pursuant to which; (i) effective on or before December 31, 2005, (the "Effective Date"), the Merging Subsidiaries would merge with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the surviving corporation of the Mergers; (ii) the Merging Subsidiaries would cease to exist; (iii) each outstanding share of capital stock of each of the Merging Subsidiaries would be automatically canceled; (iv) all assets of the Merging Subsidiaries would be transferred to and vested in the Corporation by operation of law; and (v) all debts and liabilities of the Merging Subsidiaries would be assigned to and assumed by the Corporation by operation of law; WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, it is intended that the Mergers will qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 332 of the Interna! Revenue Code; and WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that it is desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to consummate the Mergers and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Mergers be, and they hereby are, approved. RESOLYED, that the Corporation, as the sole shareholder of the Merging Subsidiaries, approves the Merger. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to take such action as necessary to carry the Mergers into effect and cancel the shares of outstanding capital stock of the Merging Subsidiaries. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such other documents and to take such further actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of certificates of ownership or merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and the California Secretary of State, as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to consummate the Mergers, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver such documents and to take such actions as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to obtain any required contractual consents to the Mergers from third parties, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution or delivery of such documents or taking of such actions. THIRD: No other approvals of the Merger are required under California or Delaware law. [Remainder of page intentionally left blank.] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and subscribed to this Certificate of Ownership on behalf of Willis Lease Finance Corporation. as its authorized officer and hereby affirms, under penalties of perjury, that this Certificate of Ownership is the act and deed of such corporation and that the facts stated herein are true. DATED: December 14, 2005 Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corpgrati By: Name: Charles F. Willis Title: President /s/ Charles F. Willis, IV


 
CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP MERGING TERANDON LEASING CORPORATION (a California corporation) WITH AND INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) PURSUANT TO SECTION 253 OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF DELAWARE Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation incorporated on the 12th day of March, 1998 pursuant to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Corporation"), does hereby certify the following: FIRST: That this Corporation (the "Surviving Corporation") is the parent corporation of Terandon Leasing Corporation, the subsidiary corporation, and the Corporation owns all] (100%) of the outstanding capital stock of Terandon Leasing Corporation (the “Disappearing Corporation"), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of California. SECOND: That this Corporation, by a resolution of its Board of Directors duly adopted on the December /.3, 2005, determined to and, subject to the conditions set forth in such resolutions, does merge Terandon Leasing Corporation into itself, to be effective December 31, at 4:45 p.m., Eastern Time (the "Merger"): MERGER OF TERANDON LEASING CORPORATION INTO CORPORATION WHEREAS, Terandon Leasing Corporation and T-11 Inc., (the “Merging Subsidiaries”), both California corporations, are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Corporation; WHEREAS, it has been proposed that the ownership and operation of the Corporation and the Merging Subsidiaries be consolidated; WHEREAS, to effect such consolidation, it has been proposed that the Merging Subsidiaries be merged with and into the Corporation (the "Mergers"), and pursuant to which: (i) effective on or before December 31, 2005, (the "Effective Date"), the Merging Subsidiaries would merge with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its Corporate existence as the surviving corporation of the Mergers; (ii) the Merging Subsidiaries would cease to exist; (iii) each outstanding share of capital stock of each of the Merging Subsidiaries would be automatically canceled; (iv) all assets of the Merging Subsidiaries would be transferred to and vested in the Corporation by operation of law; and (v) all debts and liabilities of the Merging Subsidiaries would be assigned to and assumed by the Corporation by operation of law; WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, it is intended that the Mergers will qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 332 of the Internal Revenue Code; and WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that it is desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to consummate the Mergers and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Mergers be, and they hereby are, approved. RESOLVED, that the Corporation, as the sole shareholder of the Merging Subsidiaries, approves the Merger. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to take such action as necessary to carry the Mergers into effect and cancel the shares of outstanding capital stock of the Merging Subsidiaries. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such other documents and to take such further actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of certificates of ownership or merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and the California Secretary of State, as such officer may deem necessary Or proper in order to consummate the Mergers, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver such documents and to take such actions as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to obtain any required contractual consents to the Mergers from third parties, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution or delivery of such documents or taking of such actions. THIRD: No other approvals of the Merger are required under California or Delaware law, [Remainder of page intentionally left blank.] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and subscribed to this Certificate of Ownership on behalf of Willis Lease Finance Corporation. as its authorized officer and hereby affirms, under penalties of perjury, that this Certificate of Ownership is the act and deed of such corporation and that the facts stated herein are true. DATED: December /4, 2005 Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corpoypation By: Nant€’ Charles F. Willis Title: President /s/ Charles F. Willis, IV AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS OF SERIES I JUNIOR PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK (Par Value $0.01 Per Share) OF WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION Pursuant to Section 151 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware We, Charles F. Willis, IV, as Chief Executive Officer, and Thomas C. Nord, Esq., as Corporate Secretary of Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a company organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Company"), in accordance with the provisions of Section 103 thereof, DO HEREBY CERTIFY: That pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors of the Company by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company and in accordance with the provisions of Section 151(g) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended, the Board of Directors, on September 27, 2005, adopted the following resolution (the "Board Resolution") redesignating its Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock as Series I Junior Participating Preferred Stock (the "Preferred Stock"): . WHEREAS, Willis Lease Finance Corporation’s (the "Company") and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company (the "Rights Agent") entered into a Rights Agreement, dated as of September 24, 1999 (the "Rights Agreement"), as amended by the First Amendment to Rights Agreement by and between the Company and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, dated as of November 30, 2000; WHEREAS, the Company intends to issue a new series of preferred stock to be offered to the public, which it intends to designate the "Series A Preferred Stock"; WHEREAS, it is deemed in the best interests of the Company to modify the terms of the Rights Agreement to change the name of the preferred stock issuable under the Rights Agreement from the "Series A Preferred Stock" to the "Series I Preferred Stock," as set forth in the Second Amendment to Rights Agreement (the "Second Amendment"), with such changes that Charles F. Willis


 
IV, Donald A. Nunemaker, Monica J. Burke or Thomas C. Nord (the "Authorized Officers") shall deem necessary. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Second Amendment be, and hereby is, ratified and adopted in its entirety. RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Authorized Officers of the Company be, and each of them hereby is, authorized, empowered and directed to execute the Second Amendment on behalf of the Company and in its name. 2. No shares of Preferred Stock have been issued since the Preferred Stock was established on September 14, 1999, as set forth in the Company's Certificate of Designations, dated and filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on October 1, 1999 (the "Original Certificate of Designations"). 3. Pursuant to the Board Resolution, the Preferred Stock and Original Certificate of Designations is hereby amended as follows: a. The title is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows: Certificate of Designations of Series I Junior Participating Preferred Stock (Par Value of $.01) of Willis Lease Finance Corporation b. The third paragraph of the recital in the Original Certificate of Designations is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows: RESOLVED, that pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors of the Company by the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors hereby designates 200,000 shares of the preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, of the Company as "Series I Junior Participating Preferred Stock" (the “Preferred Shares”), and the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other rights of the Preferred Shares and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, be, and they hereby are, as set forth below: Section 1 through Section 10 of the Original Certificate of Designations is hereby amended to replace in each instance the phrase “Series A Preferred Stock” with the phrase “Series I Preferred Stock.” IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Willis Lease Finance Corporation has authorized and caused this Certificate to be executed by its Chief Executive Officer and attested to by its Secretary, as of January 30, 2006. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION arles F. Willis, IV Chief Executive Officer Attest: By: omas C. Nord Secretary -3- /s/ Charles F. Willis, IV /s/ Thomas C. Nord WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS, PREFERENCES, AND RELATIVE RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS OF SERIES A CUMULATIVE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK Willis Lease Finance Corporation (the “Company”), a corporation organized and existing under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “Act”), hereby certifies that the following resolution was duly adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors as of September 27, 2005 pursuant to Section 151(g) of the Act and this Certificate of Designations, in its final form, was approved by a special Preferred Stock Transaction Committee of the Board of Directors on January 30, 2006: RESOLVED, that, pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and Section 151(g) of the Act, the Board of Directors of the Company hereby establishes and authorizes the issuance of up to 3,680,000 shares of the Company’s 9% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, and hereby fixes the designation and amount thereof and the voting rights, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of the shares of this Series, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, in addition to those set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation as applicable to such shares, as follows: 1. Designation. The distinctive serial designation of this series shall be the “Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock” (the “Series A Preferred Stock’). 2. Number of Shares. The total number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be 3,680,000. The number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock may from time to time be increased or decreased (but not below the number then outstanding) by the Board of Directors. 3. Dividends. (a) The holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors, out of funds of the Company legally available therefor, cash dividends at the rate of 9% per annum of the $10.00 per share liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred Stock. Such dividends shall accrue and be cumulative from the date of the original issue (each an “Original Issue Date”) and shall be payable monthly on the 15th day of each month (each, a “Dividend Payment Date”), and, in the case of any accrued but unpaid dividends, at such additional times, if any, as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. The first Dividend Payment Date shall be more than 30 days after the first Original Issue Date and will occur on March 15, 2006. Ifa Dividend Payment Date is not a Business Day (as defined herein), then the dividend that would otherwise have been payable on such Dividend Payment Date may be paid on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if paid on the Dividend Payment Date, and no interest or additional dividends or other sums shall accrue on the amount so payable from the Dividend Payment Date to such next succeeding Business Day. A “Business Day” shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or a Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York or San Francisco, California are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close. The amount of any dividend payable on the Series A Preferred Stock for any full Dividend Period (as defined herein) or any partial Dividend Period shall be prorated and computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months (it being understood that the dividend payable on March 15, 2006 will be for more than a full dividend period and will reflect dividends accumulated from the Original Issue Date through, and including March 15, 2006). A “Dividend Period” shall mean the period from the Original Issue Date to and including the first Dividend Payment Date, and each subsequent period from and excluding a Dividend Payment Date to and including the next succeeding Dividend Payment Date or other date as of which accrued dividends are to be calculated. Dividends will be payable to holders of record as they appear in the stockholder records of the Company at the close of business on the applicable record date, which shall be the date designated by the Company’s Board of Directors as the record date for the payment of dividends that is not more than 30 nor less than 10 days prior to the applicable Dividend Payment Date (each a “Dividend Record Date”). (b) Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock shall be cumulative and shall accrue whether or not (i) the Company has earnings, (ii) there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends or (iii) such dividends are declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. Any dividend payment made on the Series A Preferred Stock shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid dividends due with respect to such Series A Preferred Stock that remains payable. No interest or sum of money in lieu of interest shall be payable in respect of any dividend payment or payments on the Series A Preferred Stock that may be cumulated and in arrears. (c) No dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock shall be declared by the Company’s Board of Directors or paid or set apart for payment by the Company at such time as the terms and provisions of any agreement of the Company, including any agreement relating to its indebtedness and any related waiver or amendment thereto, prohibits such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment or provides that such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment would constitute a breach thereof or a default thereunder, or if such declaration or payment is restricted or prohibited by law. (d) Except as provided in Section 3(e) below, unless full cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock for all prior Dividend Periods and the then current Dividend Period shall have been or are (i) declared and paid in cash or (ii) declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash is set apart by the Company for such payment, no dividends shall be declared by the Company’s Board of Directors or paid or set apart for payment by the Company, and no other distribution of cash or other property may be declared or made, directly or indirectly, on or with respect to any shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock”) or shares of any other class or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking, as to dividends, on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock (other than a dividend paid in shares of Common Stock or in shares of any other class or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to (i) dividends and (ii) upon liquidation) for any period, nor shall any shares of Common Stock, or any other shares of the Company’s capital stock ranking, as to dividends or upon liquidation, on a parity with, or junior to, the Series A Preferred Stock, be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration (or any funds be paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the redemption or retirement, purchase or reduction of any such shares) by the Company (except by conversion into or exchange for other shares of capital stock of the Company ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon liquidation). (e) When dividends are not paid in full (or a sum sufficient for such full payment is not set apart by the Company) upon the Series A Preferred Stock and any other series of preferred stock issued by the Company ranking on a parity as to dividends with the Series A Preferred Stock, all dividends declared upon the Series A Preferred Stock and any such other series of preferred stock issued by the Company ranking on a parity as to dividends with the Series A Preferred Stock shall be declared pro rata 50 that the amount of dividends declared per share of Series A Preferred Stock and such other series of preferred stock shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued dividends per share on the Series A Preferred Stock and such other series of preferred stock (which shall not include any accrual in respect of unpaid dividends on such other series of preferred stock for prior dividend periods if such other series of preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend) bear to each other. -2-


 
(f) All dividends paid with respect to shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be paid pro rata to the holders of such shares entitled thereto. Holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to any dividend, whether payable in cash, property or shares of any class of capital stock (including the Series A Preferred Stock), in excess of the full cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided herein. 4, Liquidation Preference. (a) Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company (a “Liquidation”), the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Company legally available for distribution to its stockholders a liquidation preference of $10.00 per share, plus an amount equal to any accrued but unpaid dividends through and including the date of payment to the holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock (whether or not such dividends have been declared by the Company’s Board of Directors), before any distribution or payment shall be made to holders of shares of Common Stock or any other class or series of capital stock of the Company ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to liquidation rights. In the event that, upon such Liquidation, the available assets of the Company are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all shares of other classes or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock in liquidation preference, then the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and all other such classes or series of capital stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock shall share ratably in any such distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled. (b) Written notice of any Liquidation, stating the payment date or dates and the place or places on and at which the amounts distributable as a result thereof shall be payable, shall be given by first class mail, postage paid, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the first payment date stated therein, to each record holder of shares of Series A Preferred Stock at the respective addresses of such holders as they appear on the stock transfer records of the Company. (c) After payment to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock of the full liquidation amounts provided in this Section 4, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, as such, will have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Company. (d) Neither the sale, lease, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets or business of the Company, nor the merger or consolidation of the Company with or into any other entity or the merger or consolidation of any other entity with or into the Company nor a statutory stock exchange by the Company if then permitted by the Act, shall be deemed to be a Liquidation for the purposes of this Section 4. 5. Redemption. (a) Optional Redemption. Shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be redeemable by the Company prior to February 15, 2011. On and after such date, the Company may, at its option, redeem on any Dividend Payment Date all or, from time to time, part of the Series A Preferred Stock at a price per share (the “Redemption Price”), payable in cash, of $10.00 per share, together with all accumulated but unpaid dividends, if any, to (but excluding) the date fixed for redemption (the “Redemption Date’), without interest, to the extent the Company has funds legally available therefor. The Series A Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and will not be subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption provisions. Nothing in this Section 5 (except for the last sentence of this Section 5{a) and Section -3- §(b)(iv)) shall prevent or restrict the Company from purchasing, from time to time before or after February 15, 2011, either at a public or private sale, all or part of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock at such price or prices as the Company may determine, subject to the provisions of applicable law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no partial redemption shall be permitted where less than 20% of the original number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued (including pursuant to any future issuance) would remain outstanding after the redemption. (b) Procedures for Redemption. (i) Written notice of redemption shall be mailed by the Company, postage paid, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to each record holder of shares of Series A Preferred Stock at the respective addresses of such holders as they appear on the Company’s stock transfer records. No failure to provide such notice or any defect therein or in the mailing thereof shall affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any shares of Series A Preferred Stock except as to the holder to whom the Company has failed to give notice or except as to the holder to whom notice was defective. In addition to any information required by law or by the applicable rules of any exchange or automated quotation system upon which the Series A Preferred Stock may be listed or admitted for quotation and trading, such notice shall state: (a) the Redemption Date; (b) the Redemption Price; (c) the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed; (d) the place or places at which certificates for such shares of Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price; and (e) that dividends on the shares of Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed will cease to accumulate on the Redemption Date. (ii) If notice has been mailed in accordance with Section 5(b)(i) above and provided further that on or before the Redemption Date specified in such notice all funds necessary for such redemption shall have been irrevocably set aside by the Company, separate and apart from its other funds, in trust with an independent bank or trust company that is, or whose parent or other affiliate is, a member of the FDIC having capital and surplus of not less than $500,000,000 (an “Eligible Trustee”), for the pro rata benefit of the holders of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock so called for redemption, so as to be, and to continue to be available therefore, then from and after the Redemption Date (unless the Company defaults in the payment of the Redemption Price), dividends on the shares of Series A Preferred Stock so called for redemption shall cease to accumulate, and said shares shall no longer be deemed to be outstanding and shall not have the status of the Series A Preferred Stock and all rights of the holders thereof, as such, (except the right to receive the Redemption Price) shall cease. Upon surrender, in accordance with such notice, of the certificates for any shares of Series A Preferred Stock so redeemed (properly endorsed or assigned for transfer, if the Company shall so require and the notice shall so state), such shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemed by the Company at the Redemption Price. In case fewer than all of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock represented by any such certificate are redeemed, a new certificate or certificates shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares of Series A Preferred Stock without cost to the holder(s) thereof. (iii) At its election, the Company, prior to a Redemption Date, may deposit the Redemption Price of the Series A Preferred Stock so called for redemption, in trust for the holders thereof with an Eligible Trustee, Any funds so deposited with an Eligible Trustee in connection with a redemption shall be irrevocably set aside by the Company except that: (A) the Company shall be entitled to receive from such Eligible Trustee the interest or other earnings, if any, earned on any funds so deposited in trust, and the holders of any shares of Series A Preferred Stock redeemed shall have no claim to such interest or other earnings; and (B) subject to applicable laws, any balance of funds so deposited by the Company and unclaimed by the holders of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock entitled thereto at the expiration of two years from the applicable Redemption Date shall be repaid to the Company, together with any interest or other earnings earned thereon, and after such repayment, the holders of the shares of -~-4- Series A Preferred Stock entitled to the funds so repaid shall look only to the Company for payment, which shall be without interest or other earnings. (iv) Unless full cumulative dividends on all shares of Series A Preferred Stock have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid in cash or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash set apart for payment for all prior Dividend Periods and the then current Dividend Period, no Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemed unless all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock are simultaneously redeemed and the Company shall not purchase or otherwise acquire, directly or indirectly, any shares of Series A Preferred Stock; provided, however, subject to the last sentence of Section 5(a), the foregoing restrictions on redemptions and purchases shall not prevent the acquisition of Series A Preferred Stock by the Company pursuant to an exchange offer made on the same terms to holders of all of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock for shares of Company capital stock ranking on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock. (v) If fewer than all of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding are to be redeemed pursuant to this Section 5, the Company shall call for redemption shares of Preferred Stock pro rata among the holders, based on the number of shares of Preferred Stock held by each holder (with any necessary adjustments to avoid fractional shares), or by any other equitable method that the Company may determine to use. If fewer than all the shares of Series A Preferred Stock represented by any share certificate are to be so redeemed, the Company shall issue a new certificate for the shares not redeemed. (vi) All shares of the Series A Preferred Stock redeemed or repurchased pursuant to this Section 5 shall be retired and shall be restored to the status of authorized but unissued shares of Series A Preferred Stock. 6. Voting Rights. (a) Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall not have any voting rights, except as provided by applicable law and as set forth in this Section 6. (b) Whenever dividends on any shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be in arrears for an aggregate of 18 or more Dividend Periods (consecutive or non-consecutive) and remain unpaid (a “Preferred Dividend Default”), the holders of such Series A Preferred Stock (voting separately as a class with all other series of preferred stock of the Company upon which like voting rights have been conferred or are exercisable) shall be entitled to vote for the election of a total of two additional directors of the Company (the “Preferred Directors”) at a special meeting called by the holders of record of at least ten percent (10%) of the Series A Preferred Stock (unless such request is received less than 90 days before the date fixed for the next annual or special meeting of the Company’s stockholders) and otherwise at the next annual meeting of stockholders, and at each subsequent annual meeting of stockholders until all dividends accumulated on such Series A Preferred Stock for the prior Dividend Periods and the then current Dividend Period shall have been fully paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof set aside for payment. In such case, the entire Board of Directors of the Company will be increased by two directors. So long as a Preferred Dividend Default shall continue, any vacancy in the office of a Preferred Director may be filled by written consent of the Preferred Director remaining in office, or if none remains in office, by a vote of the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights described above (voting separately as a class with all other series of preferred stock of the Company upon which like voting rights have been conferred or are exercisable). (c) If and when all accumulated dividends and the dividends for the then current Dividend Period on the Series A Preferred Stock shall have been paid in full or a sum sufficient has been authorized -5- and set aside and deposited in trust with an Eligible Trustee for payment in full of all accrued and unpaid dividends, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be divested of the voting rights set forth in clause (b) above (subject to revesting in the event of each and every future Preferred Dividend Default) and, if all accumulated dividends and the dividends for the current Dividend Period have been paid in full, the term of office of each Preferred Director so elected shall terminate and the size of the Board of Directors shall be immediately decreased by two directors. Any Preferred Director may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the vote of, the holders of a majority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights set forth in clause (b) above. (d) So long as any shares of Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding at the time, given in person or by proxy, either in writing or at a meeting (such series voting separately as a class), (i) authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any class or series of shares of capital stock ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company or reclassify any authorized shares of capital stock of the Company into such capital stock, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase any such shares of capital stock ranking senior in priority to the Series A Preferred Stock; or (ii) amend, alter or repeal the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or this Certificate of Designations, whether by merger, consolidation, transfer or conveyance of substantially all of its assets, or otherwise (each such event specified in clauses (i) and (ii), an “Event”), so as to materially and adversely affect any right, preference, privilege or voting power of the Series A Preferred Stock or the holders thereof; provided, however, with respect to the occurrence of any of the Events set forth in clause (ii) of this Section 6(d) above, so long as any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding or are converted into securities of the surviving entity, in each case with terms, including rights, preferences, privileges and voting or other powers that are substantially similar in all material respects to the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, taking into account that, upon the occurrence of an Event, the Company may not be the surviving entity, the occurrence of such Event shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting or other powers of holders of Series A Preferred Stock, and provided further that (A) the creation or issuance of any other class or series of capital stock of the Company or (B) any increase in the number of authorized shares of Series A Preferred Stock or any other class or series of capital stock of the Company, in each case ranking on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company, shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting powers and the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall have no right to vote on any such increase, creation or issuance. (e) The foregoing voting provisions of this Section 6 shall not apply if, at or prior to the time when the act with respect to which such vote would otherwise be required shall be effected, all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have been redeemed or called for redemption upon proper notice and sufficient funds, in cash, shall have been deposited in trust to effect such redemption. (f) On each matter submitted to a vote of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock in accordance with this Section 6, or as otherwise required by law, each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to one vote, except that when any other series of preferred stock of the Company shall have the right to vote with the Series A Preferred Stock as a single class on any matter, the Series A Preferred Stock and such other series shall have with respect to such matters, one vote per each $10.00 of stated liquidation preference. With respect to each share of Series A Preferred Stock, the holder thereof may designate a proxy, with each such proxy having the right to vote on behalf of the holder.


 
7. Conversion. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be convertible into or exchangeable for any other property or securities of the Company. 8, Ranking. In respect of rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, the Series A Preferred Stock shall rank senior to the Company’s Common Stock and to any other class or series of Company preferred stock other than any class or series of preferred stock, the terms of which specifically provide that such class or series of capital stock ranks on a parity with or, subject to the affirmative vote required by Section 6 above, senior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company. For purposes of this Section 8, debt securities of the Company that are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company or any other debt securities of the Company shall not constitute a class or series of capital stock of the Company. 9. Headings. The headings hereof are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of any of the provisions hereof. 10 Severability of Provisions. If any preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation or this Certificate of Designations are invalid, unlawful or incapable of being enforced by reason of any rule of law or public policy, all other preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation and this Certificate of Designations that can be given effect without giving effect to the invalid, unlawful or unenforceable provision shall, nevertheless, remain in full force and effect and no preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock herein or therein set forth shall be deemed dependent upon any other provision hereof or thereof unless so expressed herein or therein. Li. No Preemptive Rights. No holder of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to any preemptive rights to subscribe for or acquire any unissued shares of Company capital stock (whether now or hereafter authorized) or securities of the Company convertible into or carrying a right to subscribe to or acquire shares of Company capital stock. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Willis Lease Finance Corporation has authorized and caused this Certificate to be executed by its Chief Executive Officer and attested to by its Secretary, on January 30, 2006. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION Chief Executive Officer Attest: ny Thomas C. Nord Secretary -8- By: /s/ Charles F. Willis, IV Charles F. Willis, IV /s/ Thomas C. Nord CERTIFICATE OF OWNERSHIP AND MERGER MERGING WLFC-AC1], INC. INTO WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a corporation organized and existing in Delaware (the “Corporation’”), DOES HEREBY CERTIFY: FIRST: That this Corporation was incorporated on the March 12, 1998, pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. SECOND: That the Corporation owns all of the outstanding shares of the stock of WLFC-ACI, Inc., a corporation incorporated on the March 12, 1999, pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (“WLFC-AC1”). THIRD: That the Corporation, by the following resolutions of its Board of Directors, duly adopted at a meeting held on March 24, 2006, determined to and did merge WLFC-AC1 with and into itself: WHEREAS, WLFC-ACI1, Inc. (the “Merging Subsidiary”), a Delaware corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation; WHEREAS, it has been proposed that the ownership and operation of the Corporation and the Merging Subsidiary be consolidated; WHEREAS, to effect such consolidation, it has been proposed that the Merging Subsidiary be merged with and into the Corporation (the "Merger"), and pursuant to which: (i) effective on March 24, 2006 for accounting purposes only, the Merging Subsidiary would merge with and into the Corporation with the Corporation continuing its corporate existence as the surviving corporation of the Merger; (ii) the Merging Subsidiary would cease to exist; (iii) each outstanding share of capital stock of the Merging Subsidiary would be automatically canceled; (iv) all assets of the Merging Subsidiary would be transferred to and vested in the Corporation by operation of law; and (v) all debts and liabilities of the Merging Subsidiary would be assigned to and assumed by the Corporation by operation of law; WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, it is intended that the Merger will qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 332 of the Internal Revenue Code; and WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has determined that it is desirable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders to consummate the Merger and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED. that the Merger be, and it hereby is, approved. RESOLVED, that the Corporation, as the sole shareholder of the Merging Subsidiary, approves the Merger. RESOLVED, that cach officer of the Corporation, acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to take such action as necessary to carry the Merger into effect and cancel the shares of outstanding capital stock of the Merging Subsidiary. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation acting alone or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver or file such other documents and to take such further actions, including without limitation the preparation, execution and filing of Certificate of = Ownership or Merger with the Delaware Secretary of State and the California Secretary of State, as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to consummate the Merger, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution, delivery or filing of such documents or taking of such actions. RESOLVED, that each officer of the Corporation, acting alonc or in concert, is hereby authorized and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to prepare, execute and deliver such documents and to take such actions as such officer may deem necessary or proper in order to obtain any required contractual consents to the Merger irom third parties, such necessity or propriety to be conclusively evidenced by such officer's execution or delivery of such documents or taking of such actions. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Certificate to be executed by its Secretary on March 24, 2006. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION Thomas C. Nord Secretary /s/ Thomas C. Nord


 
AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS OF SERIES A CUMULATIVE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK (Par Value $0.01 Per Share) OF WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION Pursuant to Section 151 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware We, Charles F. Willis, IV, as Chief Executive Officer, and Thomas C. Nord, Esq., as Corporate Secretary of Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a company organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “Company”), in accordance with the provisions of Section 103 thereof, DO HEREBY CERTIFY: I, That pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors of the Company by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company and in accordance with the provisions of Section 151(g) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended, the Board of Directors, on July 16, 2008, adopted the following resolution (the “Board Resolution”) reducing the number of authorized shares of Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Shares”) to 3,475,000: RESOLVED, that pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), and Section 151(g) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Board of Directors of the Company hereby decreases the number of authorized Series A Preferred Shares to 3,475,000. 2. 3,475,000 Series A Preferred Shares have been issued since the Series A Preferred Shares were established on September 27, 2005, as set forth in the Company’s Certificate of Designations, dated and filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on January 30, 2006 (the “Original Certificate of Designations”). 3. Pursuant to the Board Resolution, the Series A Preferred Shares and the Original Certificate of Designations is hereby amended as follows: a. Section 2 of the Original Certificate of Designations is hereby amended to replace “3,680,000” with “3,475,000”. {signatures on following page] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Willis Lease Finance Corporation has authorized and caused this Certificate to be executed by its Chief Executive Officer and attested to by its Secretary, as of September 34, 2008. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION Charles F. Willis, IV Chief Executive Officer Attest: By: Thomas C. Nord Secretary /s/ Charles F. Willis, IV /s/ Thomas C. Nord MIN CERTIFICATE OF ELI ATION CERTIFICATE ELIMINATING SERIES I JUNIOR PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK OF WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (pursuant to Section 151 of the Delaware General Corporation Law) We, Charles F. Willis, IV, as Chief Executive Officer, and Dean Poulakidas, as Corporate Secretary, of Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company’), in accordance with Section 103 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “Act”) of the State of Delaware, do hereby certify that: 1, Pursuant to authority conferred by the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (including any Certificates of Designation thereto), upon the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board’), the Board on October 7, 2016 adopted the following resolutions, which relate to the previously-authorized Series I Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (“Series I Preferred Stock”), having those voting powers, designations, preferences, rights and limitations as set forth in the Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, filed on October 1, 1999, as amended by the Amendment No. | to Certificate of Designations of Series I Junior Participating Preferred Stock, filed on January 30, 2006, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Series A Designation”), with no shares of Series I Preferred Stock outstanding or to be issued: WHEREAS, none of the authorized shares of the Company’s Series I Junior Participating Preferred Stock (the “Series I Preferred Stock’) previously authorized pursuant to the Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, filed on October 1, 1999, as amended by the Amendment No. | to Certificate of Designations of Series I Junior Participating Preferred Stock, filed on January 30, 2006, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Series I Designation”), are outstanding and no shares will be issued subject to the Series I Designation; and WHEREAS, it is desirable that all matters set forth in the Series I Designation be eliminated from the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (including any Certificates of Designation thereto) (the “Certificate of Incorporation’). NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, the Board has determined that no shares of Series I Preferred Stock are outstanding and none will be issued subject to the Series I Designation, and that it would be desirable and in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to eliminate the Series I Preferred Stock. CERTIFICATE OF ELIMINATION RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Company be, and hereby is, authorized and directed to file with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a certificate containing these resolutions, with the effect under the Act of eliminating from the Certificate of Incorporation all matters set forth in the Series I Designation with respect to the Series I Preferred Stock, substantially in the form discussed with the Company’s Board of Directors; and the shares of Series I Preferred Stock shall resume their status as authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock of the Company, without designation as to preference. RESOLVED FURTHER, that each of the officers of the Company is authorized and directed, jointly and severally, for and on behalf of the Company, to execute and deliver any and all certificates, agreements, instruments and other documents, and to take any and all steps and do any and all things, including making any required payments, which he or she may deem necessary or advisable in order to effectuate the purposes of each and all of the foregoing resolutions, including applicable amendments to applicable documentation, whether if taken prior to, on or after the date hereof. 2. That in accordance with the provisions of Act, all references to the Series I Preferred Stock are to be hereby eliminated from the Certificate of Incorporation. 3. We declare under penalty of perjury that the matters set forth in this Certificate are true and correct to our own knowledge. [Signatures on following page] CERTIFICATE OF ELIMINATION 2


 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Willis Lease Finance Corporation has authorized and caused this Certificate to be executed by its Chief Executive Officer and attested to by its Corporate Secretary, on October 7, 2016. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION By: /s/ CHARLES F. WILLIS, IV Charles F. Willis, [V Chief Executive Officer Attest: By:/s/ DEAN M. POULAKIDAS Dean M. Poulakidas Corporate Secretary CERTIFICATE OF ELIMINATION 3 WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS, PREFERENCES, AND RELATIVE RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS OF SERIES A CUMULATIVE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK Willis Lease Finance Corporation (the “Company”), a corporation organized and existing under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “Ac?’), hereby certifies that the following resolutions were duly adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”) as of October 7, 2016 pursuant to Section 151(g) of the Act and this Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations (this “Certificate of Designations’), in its final form, was approved by the Board of Directors on October 7, 2016: RESOLVED, that, pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), and Section 151(g) of the Act, the Board of Directors hereby determines that none of the authorized shares of the Company’s Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock previously authorized pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Relative Rights and Limitations of Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, filed on January 30, 2006, as amended by the Amendment No. | to Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Relative Rights and Limitations of Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, filed on October 01, 2008 with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “2006 Series A Designation’), are outstanding and no shares will be issued subject to the 2006 Series A Designation. RESOLVED FURTHER, the Board hereby amends and restates the 2006 Series A Designation in its entirety to establish and authorize the issuance of up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s 6.5% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, and hereby fixes the designation and amount thereof and the voting rights, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of the shares of this series, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, in addition to those set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation as applicable to such shares pursuant to the terms of this Certificate of Designations as follows: 1, Designation. The distinctive serial designation of this series shall be the “Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock” (the “Series A Preferred Stock’). 2 Number of Shares. The total number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be 1,000,000. The number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock may from time to time be increased or decreased (but not below the number then outstanding) by the Board of Directors, subject to the Certificate of Incorporation, Section 151(g) of the Act, and the provisions of this Certificate of Designations. 3, Dividends. (a) The holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, out of funds of the Company legally available therefor, cumulative cash dividends at the rate described in Section 3(b). To the extent declared by the Board of Directors, dividends will be payable quarterly on the 15th day of the first month of each calendar quarter in San Francisco, California, or if not a Business Day in San Francisco, California, the next succeeding Business Day in San Francisco, California, and in the case of any accrued but unpaid dividends, at such additional times, if any, as determined by the Board of Directors (each a “Dividend Payment Date’); provided, however, that the first Dividend Payment Date will be January 16, 2017, in San Francisco, California. A “Business Day” shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or a Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York, San Francisco, California or Tokyo, Japan are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close. It is expected that the Board of Directors will declare any dividends by the end of the month prior to the month in which such dividends are to be paid. No less than five (5) Business Days before each Dividend Payment Date, the Company shall notify the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock of such Dividend Payment Date and the amount of the dividend payment. Dividends will accrue and be cumulative from and including the date of issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock (the “Original Issue Date”). However, the Board of Directors will not be required to declare dividends, and the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will not be entitled to require payment of any such dividend. (b) From and after the date of the issuance of any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% on the sum of the Liquidation Value (defined below) shall accrue on a daily basis in arrears on such shares of the Series A Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock), and to the extent dividends are not paid on the 15" day of the first month of each calendar quarter in San Francisco, California, all accrued and unpaid dividends on any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall accumulate and compound at 6.5% per annum on the 15" day of every October (starting in 2017) in San Francisco, California, whether or not declared by the Board of Directors, and shall remain accumulated, compounding dividends until paid pursuant to this Certificate of Designations. The amount of any dividend payable on the Series A Preferred Stock for any full Dividend Period (as defined herein) or any partial Dividend Period shall be prorated and computed on the basis of a 365-day year (it being understood that the dividend payable on January 16, 2017 may be for more or less than a full Dividend Period and will reflect dividends accumulated from the Original Issue Date through, and including, January 16, 2017). A “Dividend Period’ shall mean the period from and including the Original Issue Date to and including the first Dividend Payment Date, and each subsequent period from and excluding the previous Dividend Payment Date to and including the relevant Dividend Payment Date or other date as of which accrued dividends are to be calculated. Dividends will be payable to holders of record as they appear in the stockholder records of the Company at the close of business on the applicable record date, which shall be the date designated by the Board of Directors as the record date for the payment of dividends that is not more than thirty (30) nor less than ten (10) days prior to the applicable Dividend Payment Date (each a “Dividend Record Date’), (c) Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock shall be cumulative and shall accrue whether or not (i) the Company has earnings, (11) there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends or (411) such dividends are declared by the Board of Directors. Any dividend payment made on the Series A Preferred Stock shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid dividends due with respect to such Series A Preferred Stock that remain payable. No interest or sum of money in lieu of interest shall be payable in respect of any dividend payment or payments on the Series A Preferred Stock that may be cumulated and in arrears. (d) No dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock shall be declared by the Board of Directors or paid or set apart for payment by the Company at such time as the terms and provisions of any agreement of the Company, including any agreement relating to its indebtedness and any related waiver or amendment thereto, prohibits such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment or provides that such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment would constitute a breach thereof or a default thereunder, or if such declaration or payment is restricted or prohibited by law. (e) Except as provided in Section 3(f) below, unless all accrued and accumulated dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock for all prior Dividend Periods and the then-current Dividend Period shall have been or are (i) declared and paid in cash or (11) declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash is set apart by the Company for such payment and is deposited in trust with an independent bank or trust company that is, or whose parent or other affiliate is, a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation having capital and surplus of not less than $500,000,000 (an “Eligible Trustee’), (A) no dividends shall be declared by the Board of Directors or paid or set apart for payment by the Company on any of the Company’s capital stock for any Dividend Period, (B) no distribution of cash or other property may be declared or made, directly or indirectly, on or with respect to any shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock’) or shares of any other class or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking, as to dividends, on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock (other than a dividend paid in shares of Common Stock or in shares of any other class or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to (i) dividends and (ii) upon a Liquidation (defined below)) for any Dividend Period, and (C) no shares of Common Stock, or any other shares of the Company’s capital stock ranking, as to dividends or upon a Liquidation, on a parity with, or junior to, the Series A Preferred Stock, may be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration (or any funds be paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the redemption or retirement, purchase or reduction of any such shares) by the Company (except by conversion into or exchange for other shares of capital stock of the Company ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon a Liquidation) for any Dividend Period. (f) When dividends are not paid in full upon the Series A Preferred Stock or any other series of preferred stock issued by the Company ranking on a parity as to dividends with the Series A Preferred Stock, all dividends declared upon the Series A Preferred Stock or any such other series of preferred stock issued by the Company ranking on a parity as to dividends with the Series A Preferred Stock shall be declared


 
pro rata so that the amount of dividends declared per share of the Series A Preferred Stock and such other series of preferred stock shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued dividends per share on the Series A Preferred Stock and such other series of preferred stock (which shall not include any accrual in respect of unpaid dividends on such other series of preferred stock for prior dividend periods if such other series of preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend) bear to each other. (g) All dividends paid with respect to shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be paid pro rata to the holders of such shares entitled thereto. Holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to any dividend, whether payable in cash, property or shares of any class of capital stock (including the Series A Preferred Stock), in excess of the full cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided herein. 4. Liquidation Preference. (a) Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company (a “Liquidation”), the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Company legally available for distribution to its stockholders an amount in cash equal to a liquidation preference of $20.00 per share of the Series A Preferred Stock, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) compounding at 6.5% per annum up to and including the date of payment of such amount (the “Liguidation Value’), after payment of all the Company’s indebtedness and other obligations ranking senior under Delaware law, and before any distributions or payments are made to the holders of the Common Stock and any other equity securities ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock. In the event that, upon a Liquidation, the available assets of the Company are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all shares of other classes or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock in liquidation preference to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled, then the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and all other such classes or series of capital stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock shall share ratably in any such distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled upon such Liquidation if all amounts payable on or with respect to the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock were paid in full, and the Company shall not make or agree to make any payments to the holders of any equity securities ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock. (b) In the event of a Liquidation, the Company shall, within ten (10) days after the date the Board of Directors approves such action, or no later than twenty (20) days after any stockholders' meeting called to approve such action, or within twenty (20) days of the commencement of any involuntary proceeding, whichever is earlier, give each record holder of the Series A Preferred Stock written notice of the proposed action by first class mail, postage paid, at the respective addresses of such holders as they appear on the stock transfer records of the Company. Such written notice shall describe the material terms and conditions of such proposed action, including a description of the cash to be received by the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock upon consummation of the proposed action and the payment date or dates and the place or places on and at which the amounts distributable as a result thereof shall be payable. If any material change in the facts set forth in the initial notice shall occur, the Company shall promptly give written notice to each record holder of the Series A Preferred Stock of such material change. (c) After payment to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock of the full liquidation amounts provided in this Section 4, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, as such, will have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Company. (d) ‘Neither the sale, lease, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets or business of the Company, nor the merger or consolidation of the Company with or into any other entity or the merger or consolidation of any other entity with or into the Company nor a statutory stock exchange by the Company if then permitted by the Act, shall be deemed to be a Liquidation for the purposes of this Section 4. 5. Redemption, (a) Mandatory Redemption. The Series A Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date; provided, however, that, subject to Section 5(b), the holders of at least two- thirds (2/3) of the Series A Preferred Stock (a “Required Majority’) shall have the option to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Series A Preferred Stock (a “Mandatory Redemption’) for cash at the Liquidation Value (the “Redemption Price”) on ninety (90) days’ advance written notice delivered to the Company in accordance with Section 5(f)(1) upon the occurrence of any of the following events (each such event, a “Mandatory Redemption Event’): (i) October 17, 2023 (i.e., the seventh anniversary of the Original Issue Date); (ii) amaterial breach by the Company of the Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of October 11, 2016 (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”) that is uncured on the date a Required Majority votes in favor of Mandatory Redemption, including breaches of representations and warranties contained in the Stock Purchase Agreement made on the Original Issue Date; (iii) Charles Willis TV and CFW Partners, L.P. (viewed collectively, as a single stockholder) cease to be the largest single stockholder (except as a result of a share transfer conducted between the Company’s board members or executive management team); (iv) if the Company’s “surplus”, as defined by Section 154 of the Act and determined in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles then in effect (“Surplus”), measured as of (w) the end of each of the Company’s fiscal years, (x) the end of each six(6)-month period following the end of any fiscal year, (y) after payment of any dividend, or (z) the end of each calendar quarter after any repurchase or redemption by the Company of any capital stock, is less than the Liquidation Value; (v) the Company (either individually or on a consolidated basis with its subsidiaries) incurs an operating loss or ordinary loss for two (2) consecutive fiscal years; (vi) the Company undergoes a consolidation, merger, or sale of stock (other than between the Company’s board members or management team) and the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such transaction hold (beneficially) less than fifty percent (50%) of the issued and outstanding stock of the Company after giving effect to such transaction; and (vii) the Company assigns, sells or otherwise disposes of all or substantially all of its assets. (b) Surplus Requirement. Notwithstanding Section 5(a), the number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock that may be redeemed shall be limited to the Company’s available Surplus. (c) Redemption Date. Subject to Section 5(a), the Series A Preferred Stock will remain outstanding indefinitely, unless the Company decides to redeem them in accordance with this Certificate of Designations, or they are otherwise cancelled or exchanged. A Mandatory Redemption Event will be subject to limitations on redemptions under applicable Delaware corporate law, but shall otherwise be mandatory and not require approval of the Board of Directors. (d) Noticed Redemption by Company. The Company may, at the Company’s option with ninety (90) days’ advance written notice delivered to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole, at any time and from time to time, on any Dividend Payment Date for cash at a price equal to the Redemption Price. (e) Nothing in this Section 5 (except for the last clause of Section 5((i1)) shall prevent or restrict the Company from purchasing, from time to time, either at a public or private sale, all or part of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock at such price or prices as the Company may determine, subject to the provisions of applicable law. (f) Procedures for Redemption. (1) Written election of a Mandatory Redemption by a Required Majority (a “Redemption Election”) may be mailed to the Company, postage paid, upon the occurrence of a Mandatory Redemption Event. Any Mandatory Redemption shall occur no more than 90 days following receipt by the Company of a Redemption Election. Promptly following receipt of a Redemption Election, but in no event more than ten (10) days, the Company shall send written notice (a “Redemption Notice’) of its receipt of the Redemption Election to each holder of record of the Series A Preferred Stock. In addition to any information required by law or by the applicable rules of any exchange or automated quotation system upon which the Series A Preferred Stock may be listed or admitted for quotation and trading, a Redemption Notice shall state: (A) the date of the closing of the redemption, which, pursuant to this Section 5(f)(i), shall be no later than 90 days following receipt by the Company of the Redemption Election (the applicable date, the “Redemption Date’); (B) the Redemption Price; (C) the number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed; (D) the manner and place or places at which certificates for such shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price; and (E) that dividends on the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed will cease to accumulate on the applicable Redemption Date. Any redemption by the Company pursuant to Section 5(d) shall require, in addition to ninety (90) days’ advance written notice, a notice to each record holder of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock at the respective addresses of such holders as they appear on the Company’s stock transfer records stating the information listed in (A) through (E) above. (i) From and after the applicable Redemption Date (unless the Company defaults in the payment of the Redemption Price), dividends on the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock so called for redemption shall cease to accumulate, and said shares shall no longer be deemed to be outstanding and shall not have the status of the Series A Preferred Stock and all rights of the holders thereof, as such, (except the right to receive the Redemption Price) shall cease. Upon surrender, in accordance with a Redemption Notice, of the certificates for any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock so redeemed (properly endorsed or assigned for transfer, if the Company shall so require and the notice shall so state), or in the event the certificates are lost, stolen or missing, upon delivery of an affidavit of loss, such shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemed by the Company at the Redemption Price by wire transfer to the holder of record of such certificate. In case fewer than all of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock represented by any such certificate are redeemed, a new certificate or certificates shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares of the Series A Preferred Stock without cost to the holder(s) thereof. (iii) Unless full cumulative dividends on all shares of the Series A Preferred Stock have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid in cash or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash set aside for payment for all prior Dividend Periods and the then-current Dividend Period and deposited in trust with an Eligible Trustee, no Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemed by the Company pursuant to Section 5(d) unless all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock are simultaneously redeemed and the Company shall not purchase or otherwise acquire, directly or indirectly, any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock; provided, however, the foregoing restrictions on redemptions and purchases shall not prevent the acquisition of the Series A Preferred Stock by the Company pursuant to an exchange offer made on the same terms to holders of all of the outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock for shares of Company capital stock ranking on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock.


 
(iv) Ifon any Redemption Date the Company’s Surplus is less than the amount necessary to pay the full Redemption Price for the total number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed pursuant to this Section 5, the Company shall (A) take all appropriate action reasonably within its means to maximize its Surplus available for paying the Redemption Price, (B) first use any such Surplus to pay all accrued and unpaid dividends and then to call for redemption the maximum possible number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock that it can redeem on such Redemption Date out of all such Surplus available therefor on such date, pro rata among the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, based on the number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock held by each holder (with any necessary adjustments to avoid fractional shares), or by any other equitable method that the Company may determine to use, and (C) following the applicable Redemption Date, at any time and from time to time when additional assets of the Company become legally available to redeem the remaining the Series A Preferred Stock, the Company shall promptly notify the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and such holders may then mail a Redemption Election to the Company. If fewer than all the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock represented by any share certificate are to be so redeemed, the Company shall issue a new certificate for the shares not redeemed without cost to the holder(s) thereof. (v) All shares of the Series A Preferred Stock redeemed or repurchased pursuant to this Section 5 shall be retired and shall be restored to the status of authorized but unissued shares of the Series A Preferred Stock. (zg) Irrevocable Redemption Right. In the event of a Mandatory Redemption Event, a Required Majority shall have an irrevocable option, at any time and from time to time, to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 5 until all of the Series A Preferred Stock are redeemed. 6. Voting Rights. (a) Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall not have any voting rights, except as provided by applicable law and as set forth in this Section 6. (b) Whenever dividends on any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock are in arrears for an aggregate of six (6) or more Dividend Periods (whether consecutive or non- consecutive) and remain unpaid (a “Preferred Dividend Default’), the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock (voting separately as a class with all other holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and holders of all other series of the Company’s preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred) will be entitled to elect by majority vote a total of two (2) additional directors of the Company (the “Preferred Directors’) to serve on the Board of Directors (which, without the consent of a Required Majority, will not exceed seven (7) directors in total) until all unpaid dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock have been paid. (c) Election of directors that are authorized pursuant to Section 6(b) shall be conducted at a special meeting called by the holders of record of at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the Series A Preferred Stock (unless such request is received less than ninety (90) days before the date fixed for the next annual or special meeting of the Company’s stockholders) and otherwise at the next annual meeting of stockholders, and at each subsequent annual meeting of stockholders until all dividends accumulated on such Series A Preferred Stock for the prior Dividend Periods and the then-current Dividend Period shall have been fully paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof set aside for payment and deposited in trust with an Eligible Trustee. In such case, the entire Board of Directors of the Company will be increased by two (2) directors. So long as a Preferred Dividend Default shall continue, any vacancy in the office of a Preferred Director may be filled by written consent of the Preferred Director remaining in office, or if none remains in office, by a vote of the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights described above (voting separately as a class with all other series of preferred stock of the Company upon which like voting rights have been conferred or are exercisable). (d) If and when all accumulated dividends and the dividends for the then- current Dividend Period on the Series A Preferred Stock shall have been paid in full or a sum sufficient has been authorized and set aside and deposited in trust with an Eligible Trustee for payment in full of all accrued and unpaid dividends, the holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be divested of the voting rights set forth in clause (b) above (subject to revesting in the event of each and every future Preferred Dividend Default) and, if all accumulated dividends and the dividends for the then-current Dividend Period have been paid in full, the term of office of each Preferred Director so elected shall terminate and the size of the Board of Directors shall be immediately decreased by two (2) directors. Any Preferred Director may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the vote of, the holders of a majority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights set forth in clause (b) above. (e) Subject to Section 13, changes to the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock (other than non-substantive clarifications), shall be effective only upon vote of the Board of Directors and the affirmative vote of at least a Required Majority. (f) So long as any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of a Required Majority, given in person or by proxy, either in writing or at a meeting (such series voting separately as a class), (i) authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any other class or series of shares of capital stock ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon a Liquidation or reclassify any authorized shares of capital stock of the Company into such capital stock, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase any such shares of capital stock ranking senior in priority to the Series A Preferred Stock; (ii) except for Permitted Securities, authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any other class or series of shares of capital stock that ranks pari passu to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon a Liquidation or reclassify any authorized shares of capital stock of the Company into such capital stock; (iii) authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any additional shares of the Series A Preferred Stock; or (iv) amend, alter or repeal the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, this Certificate of Designations, the by- laws of the Company or any other document similar to the foregoing, whether by merger, consolidation, transfer or conveyance of substantially all of its assets, or otherwise so as to materially and adversely affect any right, preference, privilege or voting power of the Series A Preferred Stock or the holders thereof (each such event specified in clauses (i), (11), (411) and (iv), an “Event”); provided, however, with respect to the occurrence of any of the Events set forth in clause (iv) of this Section 6(f) above, so long as any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding or are converted into securities of the surviving entity, in each case with terms, including rights, preferences, privileges and voting or other powers that are substantially similar in all material respects to the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, taking into account that, upon the occurrence of an Event, the Company may not be the surviving entity, the occurrence of such Event shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting or other powers of holders of the Series A Preferred Stock; provided, further that (A) the creation or issuance of any other class or series of capital stock of the Company ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon a Liquidation, and (B) the creation or issuance of indebtedness or debt securities, shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting powers and the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall have no right to vote on any such increase, creation or issuance, but the Company shall notify the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock when Permitted Securities have been issued. “Permitted Securities” shall mean equity securities of one or more classes that (i) rank pari passu to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon a Liquidation, (ii) have an aggregate Liquidation Value at the time of calculation (but excluding accrued and unpaid dividends) less than or equal to Fifty-Five Million Dollars ($55,000,000) and (iii) have a maximum per annum dividend rate of fifteen percent (15%). No consent of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be required for the issuance of Permitted Securities. (g) On each matter submitted to a vote of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock in accordance with this Section 6, or as otherwise required by law, each share of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to one (1) vote, except that when any other series of preferred stock of the Company shall have the right to vote with the Series A Preferred Stock as a single class on any matter, the Series A Preferred Stock and such other series shall have with respect to such matters, one vote per each $20.00 of Liquidation Value. With respect to each share of the Series A Preferred Stock, the holder thereof may designate a proxy, with each such proxy having the right to vote on behalf of the holder. 7, Restrictions on Transfer. The Series A Preferred Stock shall be issued for long- term investment purposes only. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may not transfer all or any part of the Series A Preferred Stock; provided, however, that such holders may assign part or all of the Series A Preferred Stock with the consent of the Company or after ninety (90) days after any Mandatory Redemption Event under Section 5(a) shall have occurred. 10 8. Ranking. In respect of rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of a Liquidation, the Series A Preferred Stock shall rank: (i) pari passu to Permitted Securities; and (ii) senior to the Common Stock and to any other class or series of Company’s preferred stock outstanding from time to time other than Permitted Securities and to any other of the Company’s equity securities that the Company may issue in the future that by their terms rank junior to the Series A Preferred Stock. For purposes of this Section 8, debt securities of the Company that are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company or any other debt securities of the Company shall not constitute a class or series of capital stock of the Company until such time as they are converted into capital stock. 9. Headings. The headings hereof are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of any of the provisions hereof. 10. Severability of Provisions. If any preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation or this Certificate of Designations are invalid, unlawful or incapable of being enforced by reason of any rule of law or public policy, all other preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation and this Certificate of Designations that can be given effect without giving effect to the invalid, unlawful or unenforceable provision shall, nevertheless, remain in full force and effect and no preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock herein or therein set forth shall be deemed dependent upon any other provision hereof or thereof unless so expressed herein or therein. 11. No Preemptive Rights. No holder of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to any preemptive rights to subscribe for or acquire any unissued shares of Company capital stock (whether now or hereafter authorized) or securities of the Company convertible into or carrying a right to subscribe to or acquire shares of Company capital stock. 12. Notices. Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given: (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) when received by the addressee if sent by an internationally recognized overnight courier (receipt requested); (c) on the date sent by facsimile or e-mail of a PDF document (with confirmation of transmission) if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, and on the next Business Day of the recipient if sent after normal business hours of the recipient; or (d) on the third day after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage paid. Such communications must be sent (a) to the Company, at its principal executive offices and (b) to any holder of the Series A Preferred Stock, at such holder's address at it appears in the stock transfer records of the Company (or at such other address as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 12). 13. Amendment; Waiver. No provision of this Certificate of Designation may be amended, modified or waived except by an instrument in writing executed by the Company and a 11


 
Required Majority, and any such written amendment, modification or waiver shall be binding on the Company and each holder of the Series A Preferred Stock. No amendment, modification or waiver of the terms or relative priorities of the Series A Preferred Stock may be accomplished by the merger, consolidation or other transaction of the Company with another company or entity unless the Company has obtained the prior written consent of a Required Majority in accordance with this Section 13. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Willis Lease Finance Corporation has authorized and caused this Certificate of Designations to be executed by its Chief Executive Officer and attested to by its Corporate Secretary, as of this 13th day of October, 2016. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION By: /s/ CHARLES F. WILLIS, IV Chief Executive Officer Attest: By:/s/ DEAN M. POULAKIDAS Corporate Secretary 12 WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS, PREFERENCES, AND RELATIVE RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS OF SERIES A CUMULATIVE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK Willis Lease Finance Corporation (the “Company’), a corporation organized and existing under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “Ac?’), hereby certifies that the following resolutions were duly adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors’) as of September 15, 2017 pursuant to Section 151(g) of the Act and this Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations (this “Certificate of Designations”), in its final form, was approved by the Board of Directors on September 15, 2017: RESOLVED, that, pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), and Section 151(g) of the Act, the Board of Directors amended and restated the Company’s Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Relative Rights and Limitations of Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, and pursuant to an Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Relative Rights and Limitations of Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, filed on October 14, 2016 with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “2016 Series A Designation”), the Company has issued 1,000,000 shares of Company’s 6.5% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share. RESOLVED FURTHER, that this amendment and restatement of the 2016 Series A Designation as set forth in this Certificate of Designations has been approved by the holders of all shares of the Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the 2016 Series A Designation. RESOLVED FURTHER, the Board hereby amends and restates the 2016 Series A Designation in its entirety to establish and authorize the issuance of up to 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s 6.5% Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, and hereby fixes the designation and amount thereof and the voting rights, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of the shares of this series, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, in addition to those set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation as applicable to such shares pursuant to the terms of this Certificate of Designations as follows: ly Designations. The distinctive serial designation of the 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock issued on October 14, 2016 shall be the “Series A-] Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock” and the distinctive serial designation of the incremental 1,500,000 shares of preferred stock issued pursuant to this Certificate of Designations shall be the “Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock.” The Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock shall collectively be referred to as the “Series A Preferred Stock’. 2. Number of Shares. The total number of shares of the Series A-1 Preferred Stock shall be 1,000,000 and the total number of shares of Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock shall be 1,500,000.The number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock may from time to time be increased or decreased (but not below the number then outstanding) by the Board of Directors, subject to the Certificate of Incorporation, Section 151(g) of the Act, and the provisions of this Certificate of Designations. 3. Dividends. (a) The holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, out of funds of the Company legally available therefor, cumulative cash dividends at the rate described in Section 3(b). To the extent declared by the Board of Directors, dividends will be payable quarterly on the 15th day of the first month of each calendar quarter in San Francisco, California, or if not a Business Day in San Francisco, California, the next succeeding Business Day in San Francisco, California, and in the case of any accrued but unpaid dividends, at such additional times, if any, as determined by the Board of Directors (each a “Dividend Payment Date’); provided, however, that the first Dividend Payment Date for the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock was January 16, 2017, in San Francisco, California, and the first Dividend Payment Date for the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock will be January 15, 2018. A “Business Day” shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or a Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York, San Francisco, California or Tokyo, Japan are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close. It is expected that the Board of Directors will declare any dividends by the end of the month prior to the month in which such dividends are to be paid. No less than five (5) Business Days before each Dividend Payment Date, the Company shall notify the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock of such Dividend Payment Date and the amount of the dividend payment for each of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. Dividends on the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock will accrue and be cumulative from and including the date of issuance of the Series A-1 Preferred Stock (the “Series A-/ Original Issue Date’) and Dividends on the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock will accrue and be cumulative from and including the date of issuance of the Series A-2 Preferred Stock (the “Series A-2 Original Issue Date”). The term “Original Issue Date” when used with respect to the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred stock shall mean the Series A-1 Original Issue Date, and when used with respect to the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock shall mean the Series A-2 Original Issue Date. However, the Board of Directors will not be required to declare dividends, and the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will not be entitled to require payment of any such dividend. (b) From and after the date of the issuance of any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% on the sum of the Liquidation Value (defined below) shall accrue on a daily basis in arrears on such shares of the Series A Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock), and to the extent dividends are not paid on the 15" day of the first month of each calendar quarter in San Francisco, California (or if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), all accrued and unpaid dividends on any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall accumulate and compound at 6.5% per annum on the 15" day of every October (starting in 2017) or if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), in San Francisco, California, whether or not declared by the Board of Directors, and shall remain accumulated, compounding dividends until paid pursuant to this Certificate of Designations. The amount of any dividend payable on the Series A Preferred Stock for any full Dividend Period (as defined herein) or any partial Dividend Period shall be prorated and computed on the basis of a 365-day year (it being understood that the dividend paid to the holders of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock on January 16, 2017 and payable to the holders of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock on January 15, 2018 may be for more or less than a full Dividend Period and will reflect dividends accumulated from the Original Issue Date through, and including, January 16, 2017 (in the case of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock) and January 15, 2018 (in the case of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock). A “Dividend Period’ shall mean the period from and including the Original Issue Date to and including the first Dividend Payment Date, and each subsequent period from and excluding the previous Dividend Payment Date to and including the relevant Dividend Payment Date or other date as of which accrued dividends are to be calculated. Dividends will be payable to holders of record as they appear in the stockholder records of the Company at the close of business on the applicable record date, which shall be the date designated by the Board of Directors as the record date for the payment of dividends that is not more than thirty (30) nor less than ten (10) days prior to the applicable Dividend Payment Date (each a “Dividend Record Date’). (c) Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock shall be cumulative and shall accrue whether or not (i) the Company has earnings, (11) there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends or (iii) such dividends are declared by the Board of Directors. Any dividend payment made on the Series A Preferred Stock shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid dividends due with respect to such Series A Preferred Stock that remain payable. No interest or sum of money in lieu of interest shall be payable in respect of any dividend payment or payments on the Series A Preferred Stock that may be cumulated and in arrears. (d) No dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock shall be declared by the Board of Directors or paid or set apart for payment by the Company at such time as the terms and provisions of any agreement of the Company, including any agreement relating to its indebtedness and any related waiver or amendment thereto, prohibits such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment or provides that such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment would constitute a breach thereof or a default thereunder, or if such declaration or payment is restricted or prohibited by law. (e) Except as provided in Section 3(f) below, unless all accrued and accumulated dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock for all prior Dividend Periods and the then-current Dividend Period shall have been or are (i) declared and paid in cash or (ii) declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash is set apart by the


 
Company for such payment and is deposited in trust with an independent bank or trust company that is, or whose parent or other affiliate is, a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation having capital and surplus of not less than $500,000,000 (an “Eligible Trustee”), (A) no dividends shall be declared by the Board of Directors or paid or set apart for payment by the Company on any of the Company’s capital stock for any Dividend Period, (B) no distribution of cash or other property may be declared or made, directly or indirectly, on or with respect to any shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock”) or shares of any other class or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking, as to dividends, on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock (other than a dividend paid in shares of Common Stock or in shares of any other class or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to (i) dividends and (41) upon a Liquidation (defined below)) for any Dividend Period, and (C) no shares of Common Stock, or any other shares of the Company’s capital stock ranking, as to dividends or upon a Liquidation, on a parity with, or junior to, the Series A Preferred Stock, may be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration (or any funds be paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the redemption or retirement, purchase or reduction of any such shares) by the Company (except by conversion into or exchange for other shares of capital stock of the Company ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon a Liquidation) for any Dividend Period. (f) When dividends are not paid in full upon the Series A Preferred Stock or any other series of preferred stock issued by the Company ranking on a parity as to dividends with the Series A Preferred Stock, all dividends declared upon the Series A Preferred Stock or any such other series of preferred stock issued by the Company ranking on a parity as to dividends with the Series A Preferred Stock shall be declared pro rata so that the amount of dividends declared per share of the Series A Preferred Stock and such other series of preferred stock shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued dividends per share on the Series A Preferred Stock and such other series of preferred stock (which shall not include any accrual in respect of unpaid dividends on such other series of preferred stock for prior dividend periods if such other series of preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend) bear to each other. (g) Dividends with respect to the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and with respect to the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock shall be of equal priority. All dividends paid with respect to shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be paid pro rata to the holders of such shares entitled thereto. Holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to any dividend, whether payable in cash, property or shares of any class of capital stock (including the Series A Preferred Stock), in excess of the full cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided herein. 4. Liquidation Preference. (a) Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company (a “Liguidation”), the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Company legally available for distribution to its stockholders an amount in cash equal to a liquidation preference of $20.00 per share of the Series A Preferred Stock, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) compounding at 6.5% per annum up to and including the date of payment of such amount (the “Liguidation Value”), after payment of all the Company’s indebtedness and other obligations ranking senior under Delaware law, and before any distributions or payments are made to the holders of the Common Stock and any other equity securities ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock. In the event that, upon a Liquidation, the available assets of the Company are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all shares of other classes or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock in liquidation preference to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled, then the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and ail other such classes or series of capital stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock shall share ratably in any such distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled upon such Liquidation if all amounts payable on or with respect to the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock were paid in full, and the Company shall not make or agree to make any payments to the holders of any equity securities ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock. (b) In the event of a Liquidation, the Company shall, within ten (10) days after the date the Board of Directors approves such action, or no later than twenty (20) days after any stockholders’ meeting called to approve such action, or within twenty (20) days of the commencement of any involuntary proceeding, whichever is earlier, give each record holder of the Series A Preferred Stock written notice of the proposed action by first class mail, postage paid, at the respective addresses of such holders as they appear on the stock transfer records of the Company. Such written notice shall describe the material terms and conditions of such proposed action, including a description of the cash to be received by the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock upon consummation of the proposed action and the payment date or dates and the place or places on and at which the amounts distributable as a result thereof shall be payable. If any material change in the facts set forth in the initial notice shall occur, the Company shall promptly give written notice to each record holder of the Series A Preferred Stock of such material change. (c) After payment to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock of the full liquidation amounts provided in this Section 4, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, as such, will have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Company. (d) Neither the sale, lease, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets or business of the Company, nor the merger or consolidation of the Company with or into any other entity or the merger or consolidation of any other entity with or into the Company nor a statutory stock exchange by the Company if then permitted by the Act, shall be deemed to be a Liquidation for the purposes of this Section 4. 5. Redemption. (a) | Mandatory Redemption. The Series A Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date; provided, however, that, subject to Section 5(b), the holders of at least two- thirds (2/3) of each Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock or Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (a “Required Majority’) shall have the option to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of such stock (a “Mandatory Redemption”) for cash at the Liquidation Value (the “Redemption Price”) on ninety (90) days’ advance written notice delivered to the Company in accordance with Section 5(f)(i) upon the occurrence of any of the following events (each such event, a “Mandatory Redemption Event’): (i) With respect to the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, on October 17, 2023 (i.e., the seventh anniversary of the Original Issue Date thereof); (ii) With respect to the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, on September 27, 2024 (i.e., the seventh anniversary of the Original Issue Date thereof); (iii) With respect to the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, a material breach by the Company of the Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of October 11, 2016 (the “Series A-1 Stock Purchase Agreement’) that is uncured on the date a Required Majority votes in favor of Mandatory Redemption, including breaches of representations and warranties contained in the Stock Purchase Agreement made on the Original Issue Date; (iv) With respect to the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, a material breach by the Company of the Series A-2 Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of September 22, 2017 (the “Series A-2 Stock Purchase Agreement’) that is uncured on the date a Required Majority votes in favor of Mandatory Redemption, including breaches of representations and watranties contained in the Stock Purchase Agreement made on the Original Issue Date; (v) Charles Willis TV and CFW Partners, L.P. (viewed collectively, as a single stockholder) cease to be the largest single stockholder (except as a result of a share transfer conducted between the Company’s board members or executive management team); (vi) if the Company’s “surplus”, as defined by Section 154 of the Act and determined in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles then in effect (“Surplus”), measured as of (w) the end of each of the Company’s fiscal years, (x) the end of each six(6)-month period following the end of any fiscal year, (y) after payment of any dividend, or (z) the end of each calendar quarter after any repurchase or redemption by the Company of any capital stock, is less than the Liquidation Value; (vii) the Company (either individually or on a consolidated basis with its subsidiaries) incurs an operating loss or ordinary loss for two (2) consecutive fiscal years; (viii) the Company undergoes a consolidation, merger, or sale of stock (other than between the Company’s board members or management team) and the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such transaction hold (beneficially) less than fifty percent (50%) of the issued and outstanding stock of the Company after giving effect to such transaction; and (ix) the Company assigns, sells or otherwise disposes of all or substantially all of its assets. (b) Surplus Requirement. Notwithstanding Section 5(a), the number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock that may be redeemed shall be limited to the Company’s available Surplus. (c) Redemption Date. Subject to Section 5(a), the Series A Preferred Stock will remain outstanding indefinitely, unless the Company decides to redeem them in accordance with this Certificate of Designations, or they are otherwise cancelled or exchanged. A Mandatory Redemption Event will be subject to limitations on redemptions under applicable Delaware corporate law, but shall otherwise be mandatory and not require approval of the Board of Directors. (d) Noticed Redemption by Company. The Company may, at the Company’s option with ninety (90) days’ advance written notice delivered to the holders of the Series A-1| Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, redeem the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, in whole, at any time and from time to time, on any Dividend Payment Date for cash at a price equal to the Redemption Price. The Company may, at the Company’s option with ninety (90) days’ advance written notice delivered to the holders of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, redeem the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, in whole, at any time and from time to time, on any Dividend Payment Date for cash at a price equal to the Redemption Price. (e) Nothing in this Section 5 (except for the last clause of Section 5(f)(iii)) shall prevent or restrict the Company from purchasing, from time to time, either at a public or private sale, all or part of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock at such price or prices as the Company may determine, subject to the provisions of applicable law. (f) Procedures for Redemption. (i) Written election of a Mandatory Redemption by a Required Majority (a “Redemption Election”) may be mailed to the Company, postage paid, upon the occurrence of a Mandatory Redemption Event. Any Mandatory Redemption shall occur no more than 90 days following receipt by the Company of a Redemption Election. Promptly following receipt of a Redemption Election, but in no event more than ten (10) days, the Company shall send written notice (a


 
“Redemption Notice”) of its receipt of the Redemption Election to each holder of record of: (i) the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (for a Mandatory Redemption of such stock); and (ii) the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (for a Mandatory Redemption of such stock). In addition to any information required by law or by the applicable rules of any exchange or automated quotation system upon which the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock or the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock may be listed or admitted for quotation and trading, a Redemption Notice shall state: (A) the date of the closing of the redemption, which, pursuant to this Section 5(f)(i), shall be no later than 90 days following receipt by the Company of the Redemption Election (the applicable date, the “Redemption Date”), (B) the Redemption Price; (C)the number of shares of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock or the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock to be redeemed; (D) the manner and place or places at which certificates for such shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price; and (E) that dividends on the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed will cease to accumulate on the applicable Redemption Date. Any redemption by the Company pursuant to Section 5(d) shall require, in addition to ninety (90) days’ advance written notice: (i) with respect to redemption of shares of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, a notice to each record holder of shares of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock at the respective addresses of such holders as they appear on the Company’s stock transfer records stating the information listed in (A) through (E) above; and (ii) with respect to redemption of shares of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, a notice to each record holder of shares of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock at the respective addresses of such holders as they appear on the Company’s stock transfer records stating the information listed in (A) through (E) above. (ii) From and after the applicable Redemption Date (unless the Company defaults in the payment of the Redemption Price), dividends on the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock so called for redemption shall cease to accumulate, and said shares shall no longer be deemed to be outstanding and shall not have the status of the Series A Preferred Stock and all rights of the holders thereof, as such, (except the right to receive the Redemption Price) shall cease. Upon surrender, in accordance with a Redemption Notice, of the certificates for any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock so redeemed (properly endorsed or assigned for transfer, if the Company shall so require and the notice shall so state), or in the event the certificates are lost, stolen or missing, upon delivery of an affidavit of loss, such shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemed by the Company at the Redemption Price by wire transfer to the holder of record of such certificate. In case fewer than all of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed represented by any such certificate are redeemed, a new certificate or certificates shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares of the Series A Preferred Stock without cost to the holder(s) thereof. (iii) Unless full cumulative dividends on all shares of the Series A Preferred Stock have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid in cash or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash set aside for payment for all prior Dividend Periods and the then-current Dividend Period and deposited in trust with an Eligible Trustee, no Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemed by the Company pursuant to Section 5(d) unless all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock are simultaneously redeemed and the Company shall not purchase or otherwise acquire, directly or indirectly, any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock; provided, however, the foregoing restrictions on redemptions and purchases shall not prevent the acquisition of the Series A Preferred Stock by the Company pursuant to an exchange offer made on the same terms to holders of all of the outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock for shares of Company capital stock ranking on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock. (iv) Ifon any Redemption Date the Company’s Surplus is less than the amount necessary to pay the full Redemption Price for the total number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed pursuant to this Section 5, the Company shall (A) take all appropriate action reasonably within its means to maximize its Surplus available for paying the Redemption Price, (B) first use any such Surplus to pay all accrued and unpaid dividends and then to call for redemption the maximum possible number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock that it can redeem on such Redemption Date out of all such Surplus available therefor on such date, pro rata among the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, based on the number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock held by each holder (with any necessary adjustments to avoid fractional shares), or by any other equitable method that the Company may determine to use, and (C) following the applicable Redemption Date, at any time and from time to time when additional assets of the Company become legally available to redeem the remaining the Series A Preferred Stock, the Company shall promptly notify the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and such holders may then mail a Redemption Election to the Company. If fewer than all the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock represented by any share certificate are to be so redeemed, the Company shall issue a new certificate for the shares not redeemed without cost to the holder(s) thereof. (v) All shares of the SeriesA Preferred Stock redeemed or repurchased pursuant to this Section 5 shall be retired and shall be restored: (i) with respect to redemptions of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, to the status of authorized but unissued shares of the Series A-l Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock; and (ii) with respect to redemptions of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, to the status of authorized but unissued shares of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. (g) Irrevocable Redemption Right. In the event of: () a Mandatory Redemption Event pursuant to Sections 5(a)(i), 5(a)(i1i) or 5(a)(v) through S(a)(ix) , a Required Majority shall have an irrevocable option, at any time and from time to time, to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 5S until all of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock are redeemed; and (11) a Mandatory Redemption Event pursuant to Sections 5(a)(ii), 5(a)(iv) or 5(a)(v) through 5(a)(ix), a Required Majority shall have an irrevocable option, at any time and from time to time, to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 5 until all of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock are redeemed. 6. Voting Rights. (a) Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall not have any voting rights, except as provided by applicable law and as set forth in this Section 6. (b) Whenever dividends on any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock are in arrears for an aggregate of six (6) or more Dividend Periods (whether consecutive or non- consecutive) and remain unpaid (a “Preferred Dividend Default’), the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock (voting separately as a class with all other holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and holders of all other series of the Company’s preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred) will be entitled to elect by majority vote a total of two (2) additional directors of the Company (the “Preferred Directors”) to serve on the Board of Directors (which, without the consent of a Required Majority, will not exceed seven (7) directors in total) until all unpaid dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock have been paid. (c) Election of directors that are authorized pursuant to Section 6(b) shall be conducted at a special meeting called by the holders of record of at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the Series A Preferred Stock (unless such request is received less than ninety (90) days before the date fixed for the next annual or special meeting of the Company’s stockholders) and otherwise at the next annual meeting of stockholders, and at each subsequent annual meeting of stockholders until all dividends accumulated on such Series A Preferred Stock for the prior Dividend Periods and the then-current Dividend Period shall have been fully paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof set aside for payment and deposited in trust with an Eligible Trustee. In such case, the entire Board of Directors of the Company will be increased by two (2) directors. So long as a Preferred Dividend Default shall continue, any vacancy in the office of a Preferred Director may be filled by written consent of the Preferred Director remaining in office, or if none remains in office, by a vote of the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights described above (voting separately as a class with all other series of preferred stock of the Company upon which like voting rights have been conferred or are exercisable). (d) If and when all accumulated dividends and the dividends for the then- current Dividend Period on the Series A Preferred Stock shall have been paid in full or a sum sufficient has been authorized and set aside and deposited in trust with an Eligible Trustee for payment in full of all accrued and unpaid dividends, the holders of shares of 10 the Series A Preferred Stock shall be divested of the voting rights set forth in clause (b) above (subject to revesting in the event of each and every future Preferred Dividend Default) and, if all accumulated dividends and the dividends for the then-current Dividend Period have been paid in full, the term of office of each Preferred Director so elected shall terminate and the size of the Board of Directors shall be immediately decreased by two (2) directors. Any Preferred Director may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the vote of, the holders of a majority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights set forth in clause (b) above. (e) Subject to Section 13, changes to the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock (other than non-substantive clarifications), shall be effective only upon vote of the Board of Directors and the affirmative vote of at least a Required Majority. (f) So long as any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of a Required Majority, given in person or by proxy, either in writing or at a meeting (such series voting separately as a class), (i) authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any other class or series of shares of capital stock ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon a Liquidation or reclassify any authorized shares of capital stock of the Company into such capital stock, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase any such shares of capital stock ranking senior in priority to the Series A Preferred Stock; (ii) except for Permitted Securities, authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any other class or series of shares of capital stock that ranks pari passu to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon a Liquidation or reclassify any authorized shares of capital stock of the Company into such capital stock; (i1i) authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any additional shares of the Series A Preferred Stock; or (iv) amend, alter or repeal the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, this Certificate of Designations, the by- laws of the Company or any other document similar to the foregoing, whether by merger, consolidation, transfer or conveyance of substantially all of its assets, or otherwise so as to materially and adversely affect any right, preference, privilege or voting power of the Series A Preferred Stock or the holders thereof (each such event specified in clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), an “Event’); provided, however, with respect to the occurrence of any of the Events set forth in clause (iv) of this Section 6(f) above, so long as any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding or are converted into securities of the surviving entity, in each case with terms, including rights, preferences, privileges and voting or other powers that are substantially similar in all material respects to the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, taking into account that, upon the occurrence of an Event, the Company may not be the surviving entity, the occurrence of such Event shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting or other powers of holders of the Series A Preferred Stock; provided, further that (A) the creation or issuance of any other class or series of capital stock of the Company ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon a Liquidation, and (B) the creation or issuance of indebtedness or debt securities, shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect 11


 
such rights, preferences, privileges or voting powers and the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall have no right to vote on any such increase, creation or issuance, but the Company shall notify the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock when Permitted Securities have been issued. “Permitted Securities” shall mean equity securities of one or more classes that (i) rank pari passu to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon a Liquidation, (ii) have an aggregate Liquidation Value at the time of calculation (but excluding accrued and unpaid dividends) less than or equal to Twenty-Five Million Dollars ($25,000,000) and (iii) have a maximum per annum dividend rate of fifteen percent (15%). No consent of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be required for the issuance of Permitted Securities. (g) | Oneach matter submitted to a vote of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock in accordance with this Section 6, or as otherwise required by law, each share of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to one (1) vote, except that when any other series of preferred stock of the Company shall have the right to vote with the Series A Preferred Stock as a single class on any matter, the Series A Preferred Stock and such other series shall have with respect to such matters, one vote per each $20.00 of Liquidation Value. With respect to each share of the Series A Preferred Stock, the holder thereof may designate a proxy, with each such proxy having the right to vote on behalf of the holder. 7. Restrictions on Transfer. The Series A Preferred Stock shall be issued for long- term investment purposes only. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may not transfer all or any part of the Series A Preferred Stock; provided, however, that such holders may assign part or all of the Series A Preferred Stock with the consent of the Company or after ninety (90) days after any Mandatory Redemption Event under Section 5(a) shall have occurred. 8. Ranking. In respect of rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of a Liquidation, the Series A Preferred Stock shall rank: (1) pari passu to Permitted Securities; and (ii) senior to the Common Stock and to any other class or series of Company’s preferred stock outstanding from time to time other than Permitted Securities and to any other of the Company’s equity securities that the Company may issue in the future that by their terms rank junior to the Series A Preferred Stock. For purposes of this Section 8, debt securities of the Company that are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company or any other debt securities of the Company shall not constitute a class or series of capital stock of the Company until such time as they are converted into capital stock. 9. Headings. The headings hereof are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of any of the provisions hereof. 10. Severability of Provisions. \f any preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation or this Certificate of Designations are invalid, unlawful or incapable of being enforced by reason of any rule of law or public policy, all other preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock set forth in the Certificate of 12 Incorporation and this Certificate of Designations that can be given effect without giving effect to the invalid, unlawful or unenforceable provision shall, nevertheless, remain in full force and effect and no preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock herein or therein set forth shall be deemed dependent upon any other provision hereof or thereof unless so expressed herein or therein. 11. No Preemptive Rights. No holder of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to any preemptive rights to subscribe for or acquire any unissued shares of Company capital stock (whether now or hereafter authorized) or securities of the Company convertible into or carrying a right to subscribe to or acquire shares of Company capital stock. 12, Notices. Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given: (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) when received by the addressee if sent by an internationally recognized overnight courier (receipt requested); (c) on the date sent by facsimile or e-mail of a PDF document (with confirmation of transmission) if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, and on the next Business Day of the recipient if sent after normal business hours of the recipient; or (d) on the third day after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage paid. Such communications must be sent (a) to the Company, at its principal executive offices and (b) to any holder of the Series A Preferred Stock, at such holder's address at it appears in the stock transfer records of the Company (or at such other address as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 12). 13. Amendment; Waiver. No provision of this Certificate of Designation may be amended, modified or waived except by an instrument in writing executed by the Company and a Required Majority, and any such written amendment, modification or waiver shall be binding on the Company and each holder of the Series A Preferred Stock. No amendment, modification or waiver of the terms or relative priorities of the Series A Preferred Stock may be accomplished by the merger, consolidation or other transaction of the Company with another company or entity unless the Company has obtained the prior written consent of a Required Majority in accordance with this Section 13. [Remainder of page left blank] 13 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Willis Lease Finance Corporation has authorized and caused this Certificate of Designations to be executed by its Chief Executive Officer and attested to by its Corporate Secretary, as of this 25th day of September, 2017. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION By:__/s/ Charles F. Willis, [V Chief Executive Officer Attest: By:__/s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Corporate Secretary 14 WELLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION FIRST AMENDMENT TO SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS, PREFERENCES, AND RELATIVE RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS OF SERIES A CUMULATIVE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK Willis Lease Finance Corporation (the “Company’”), a corporation organized and existing under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “Ac?’), hereby certifies that the following resolutions were duly adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”) as of August 23, 2023 pursuant to Section 151(g) of the Act and this First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations (this “Amendment’”), in its final form, was approved by the Board of Directors on August 23, 2023: RESOLVED, that, pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), and Section 151(g) of the Act, the Board of Directors amended and restated the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Relative Rights and Limitations of Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, pursuant to a Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Relative Rights and Limitations of Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designations”), filed on September 25, 2017 with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “2017 Series A Designation”) and the 2017 Series A Designation, authorized the issuance by the Company of 1,000,000 shares of Company’s 6.5% Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share in August 2016, and further authorized the issuance by the Company of 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s 6.5% Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share in September 2017. RESOLVED FURTHER, that this amendment of the 2017 Series A Designation as set forth in this Amendment impacts only the holder of the Series A-1 Preferred Stock, but has been approved by the holders of all shares of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. RESOLVED FURTHER, the Board of Directors hereby amends the Certificate of Designations as follows: A. Section 3(a) of the Certificate of Designations is Amended and Restated in its entirety as follows; “(a) The holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shail be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, out of funds of the Company legally available therefor, cumulative cash dividends at the rate described in Section 3(b). To the extent declared by the Board of Directors, dividends will be payable quarterly on the 15th day of the first month of each calendar quarter in San Francisco, California, or if not a Business Day in San Francisco, California, the next succeeding Business Day in San Francisco, California, and in the case of any accrued but unpaid dividends, at such


 
additional times, if any, as determined by the Board of Directors (each a “Dividend Payment Date’); provided, however, that the first Dividend Payment Date for the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock will be January 16, 2017, in San Francisco, California. A “Business Day” shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or a Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York, San Francisco, California or Tokyo, Japan are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close. It is expected that the Board of Directors will declare any dividends by the end of the month prior to the month in which such dividends are to be paid. No less than five (5) Business Days before each Dividend Payment Date, the Company shall notify the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock of such Dividend Payment Date and the amount of the dividend payment for each of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. Dividends on the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock will accrue and be cumulative from and including the date of issuance of the Series A-1 Preferred Stock (the “Series A-1 Original Issue Date”) and Dividends on the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock will accrue and be cumulative from and including the date of issuance of the Series A-2 Preferred Stock (the “Series A-2 Original Issue Date”), The term “Original Issue Date” when used with respect to the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred stock shall mean the Series A-1 Original Issue Date, and when used with respect to the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock shall mean the Series A-2 Original Issue Date. However, the Board of Directors will not be required to declare dividends, and the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will not be entitled to require payment of any such dividend.” B. Section 3(b) of the Certificate of Designations is Amended and Restated in its entirety as follows; “(b) (i) From the date of the issuance of any shares of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, through October 15, 2023, dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% on the sum of the Liquidation Value (defined below) and from and after October 16, 2023, dividends at the rate of 8.5% per annum on the sum of the Liquidation Value shall accrue on a daily basis in arrears on such shares of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock), and to the extent dividends are not paid on the 15" day of the first month of each calendar quarter in San Francisco, California (or if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), allaccrued and unpaid dividends on any shares of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock shall accumulate and compound at 6.5% per annum on the 15" day of every October (starting in 2017) through including October 15, 2023, and at 8.5% per annum for the period commencing on October 16, 2023 (or if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), in San Francisco, California, whether or not declared by the Board of Directors, and shall remain accumulated, compounding dividends until paid pursuant to this Certificate of Designations. (i) From the date of the issuance of any shares of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% on the sum of the 2 Liquidation Value shall accrue on a daily basis in arrears on such shares of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock), and to the extent dividends are not paid on the 15" day of the first month of each calendar quarter in San Francisco, California (or if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), all accrued and unpaid dividends on any shares of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock shall accumulate and compound at 6.5% per annum on the 15" day of every October (starting in 2017) (or if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), in San Francisco, California, whether or not declared by the Board of Directors, and shall remain accumulated, compounding dividends until paid pursuant to this Certificate of Designations. (iii) The amount of any dividend payable on the Series A Preferred Stock for any full Dividend Period (as defined herein) or any partial Dividend Period shall be prorated and computed on the basis of a 365-day year (it being understood that the dividend paid to the holders of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock on January 16, 2017 and payable to the holders of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock on January 15, 2018 may be for more or less than a full Dividend Period and will reflect dividends accumulated from the Original Issue Date through, and including, January 16, 2017 (in the case of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock) and January 15, 2018 (in the case of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock). A “Dividend Period” shall mean the period from and including the Original Issue Date to and including the first Dividend Payment Date, and each subsequent period from and excluding the previous Dividend Payment Date to and including the relevant Dividend Payment Date or other date as of which accrued dividends are to be calculated. Dividends will be payable to holders of record as they appear in the stockholder records of the Company at the close of business on the applicable record date, which shall be the date designated by the Board of Directors as the record date for the payment of dividends that is not more than thirty (30) nor less than ten (10) days prior to the applicable Dividend Payment Date (each a “Dividend Record Date’).” C. Section 4(a) of the Certificate of Designations shall be amended and restated in its entirety as follows: “(a) Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company (a “Liguidation’’), the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Company legally available for distribution to its stockholders an amount in cash equal to a liquidation preference of $20.00 per share of the Series A Preferred Stock, plus: (4) in the case of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, all accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) compounding at 6.5% per annum up to and including October 15, 2023 and at 8.5% per annum for the period starting on October 16, 2023 up to and including the date of payment of such amount; and (ii) in the case of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock all accrued and unpaid dividends (whether declared or undeclared) compounding at 6.5% per annum up to and including the date of payment of such amount (the “Liquidation Value’), after payment of all the Company’s indebtedness and other obligations ranking senior 3 under Delaware law, and before any distributions or payments are made to the holders of the Common Stock and any other equity securities ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock. In the event that, upon a Liquidation, the available assets of the Company are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all shares of other classes or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock in liquidation preference to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled, then the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and all other such classes or series of capital stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock shall share ratably in any such distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled upon such Liquidation if all amounts payable on or with respect to the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock were paid in full, and the Company shall not make or agree to make any payments to the holders of any equity securities ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock.” D. Section 5(a) of the Certificate of Designations shall be amended and restated in its entirety as follows: “““(a) Mandatory Redemption. The Series A Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date; provided, however, that, subject to Section 5(b), the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of each Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock or Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (a “Required Majority’) shall have the option to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Series A Preferred Stock (a “Mandatory Redemption’) for cash at the Liquidation Value (the “Redemption Price”) on ninety (90) days’ advance written notice delivered to the Company in accordance with Section 5((@) upon the occurrence of any of the following events (each such event, a “Mandatory Redemption Event’): (i) on September 27, 2024; (ii) With respect to the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, a material breach by the Company of the Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of October 11, 2016 (the “Series A-1 Stock Purchase Agreement’) that is uncured on the date a Required Majority votes in favor of Mandatory Redemption, including breaches of representations and warranties contained in the Stock Purchase Agreement made on the Original Issue Date; (iii) | With respect to the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, a material breach by the Company of the Series A-2 Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of September 22, 2017 (the “Series A-2 Stock Purchase Agreement’) that is uncured on the date a Required Majority votes in favor of Mandatory Redemption, including breaches of representations and warranties contained in the Stock Purchase Agreement made on the Original Issue Date; (iv) Charles Willis IV and CFW Partners, L.P. (viewed collectively, as a single stockholder) cease to be the largest single stockholder (except as a result 4 of a share transfer conducted between the Company’s board members or executive management team); {v) if the Company’s “surplus”, as defined by Section 154 of the Act and determined in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles then in effect (‘Surplus’), measured as of (w) the end of each of the Company’s fiscal years, (x) the end of each six(6)-month period following the end of any fiscal year, (y) after payment of any dividend, or (z) the end of each calendar quarter after any repurchase or redemption by the Company of any capital stock, is less than the Liquidation Value; (vi) the Company (either individually or on a consolidated basis with its subsidiaries) incurs an operating loss or ordinary loss for two (2) consecutive fiscal years; (vii) the Company undergoes a consolidation, merger, or sale of stock (other than between the Company’s board members or management team) and the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such transaction hold (beneficially) less than fifty percent (50%) of the issued and outstanding stock of the Company after giving effect to such transaction; and (viii) the Company assigns, sells or otherwise disposes of all or substantially all of its assets.” E. Section 5(g) of the Certificate of Designations is amended and restated in its entirety as follows: “(g) Irrevocable Redemption Right. In the event of: (i) a Mandatory Redemption Event pursuant to Sections 5(a){i), 5({a)(ii) or 5(a)(iv) through 5(a)(viii), a Required Majority shall have an irrevocable option, at any time and from time to time, to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 5 until all of the Series A Preferred Stock are redeemed.; and (11) a Mandatory Redemption Event pursuant to Sections 5(a)(i), 5(a){iii), or 5(a)(iv) through 5(a)(viii), a Required Majority shall have an irrevocable option, at any time and from time to time,to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 5 until all of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock are redeemed.” F, Except as set forth herein, the terms of the Certificate of Designations shall remain in full force and effect.


 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Willis Lease Finance Corporation has authorized and caused this Amendment to be executed by its Chief Executive Officer and attested to by its Corporate Secretary, as of this 26th day of September 2023. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION w Chief Executive Officer Attest: Corporate Secretary : /s/ Austin C. Willis /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION Willis Lease Finance Corporation (the “Corporation”), a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), does hereby certify as follows: FIRST: That Article VIll of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended, is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows (the “Amendment’): ARTICLE VIII LIMITATION OF DIRECTOR AND OFFICER LIABILITY To the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, no director or officer of the Corporation shall have personal liability to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, provided that nothing in this article shall eliminate or limit the liability of a director or officer (i) for any breach of the director’s or officer's duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director or officer derived an improper personal benefit. In the event the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended after the date hereof so as to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the liability of directors or officers of the Corporation, the liability of the directors or officers shall thereupon be eliminated or limited to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as so amended from time to time. SECOND: That the Amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 242 of the DGCL. THIRD: That the Amendment shall become effective upon filing with the State of Delaware. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this certificate to be signed this 22° day of May 2024. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Executive Vice President and Corporate Secretary /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS, PREFERENCES, AND RELATIVE RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS OF SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK Willis Lease Finance Corporation (the “Company’”), a corporation organized and existing under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “Ac?’), hereby certifies that the following resolutions were duly adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors’) as of September 12, 2024 pursuantto Section 151(g) of the Actand this Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations (this “Certificate of Designations’), in its final form, was approved by the Board of Directors on September 12, 2024: RESOLVED, that, pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), and Section 151(g) of the Act, the Board of Directors amended and restated the Company’s Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Relative Rights and Limitations of Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, and pursuant to a Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Relative Rights and Limitations of Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, filed on September 25, 2017 with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware as amended pursuant to the First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Relative Rights and Limitations of Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock filed on September 28, 2023 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, (collectively, the “2023 Series A Designation’), the Company has issued 1,000,000 shares of Company’s 8.5% Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share and 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s 6.5% Series A-2 Cumulative Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share. RESOLVED FURTHER, that this amendment and restatement of the 2023 Series A Designation as set forth in this Certificate of Designations has been approved by the holders ofall shares of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the 2023 Series A Designation. RESOLVED FURTHER, as of September 27, 2024 (the “Conversion Date”), the Board amends and restates the 2023 Series A Designation in its entirety to re-designate both the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock as “Series A Preferred Stock.” RESOLVED FURTHER, as of the Conversion Date, the Board amends and restates the 2023 Series A Designation in its entirety to establish and authorize the issuance of up to 3,250,000 shares of the Company’s 8.35% Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, which shall consist of the 1,000,000 shares that were formerly designated Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and 1,500,000 shares that were formerly designated Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock which are being re-designated as Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to this Designation and an incremental 750,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock which willbe authorized for issuance on the Conversion Date. RESOLVED FURTHER, the Board fixes the designation and amount thereof and the voting rights, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of the shares of this series, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, in addition to those set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation as applicable to such shares pursuant to the terms of this Certificate of Designations as follows: 1. Designations. The distinctive serial designation of the 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock issued on October 14, 2016 shall be the “Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock” and the distinctive serial designation of the incremental 1,500,000 shares of preferred stock issued on September 27, 2017 pursuantto the 2023 Certificate of Designations shall be the “Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock.” In addition, an incremental 750,000 shares of preferred stock (the “Incremental Shares”) are hereby authorized and shall be designated as the “Series A Preferred Stock.” On the Conversion Date, the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and the Series A-2 Cumulative Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Converted Shares’) shall each be re-designated as Series A Preferred Stock. The Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and the Series A Preferred Stock shallhereaftercollectively be referred to as the “Preferred Stock.” 2. Number ofShares. Onthe Conversion Date, the total number ofshares ofthe Series A Preferred Stock shall be 3,250,000 and all shares of Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock shall be converted into shares of Series A Preferred Stock and (following such conversion) the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock shall be de- designated and cease to be outstanding. The numberof shares of the Series A Preferred Stock may from time to time be increased or decreased (but not below the number then outstanding) by the Board of Directors, subject to the Certificate of Incorporation, Section 151(g) of the Act, and the provisions of this Certificate of Designations. 3, Dividends. (a) The holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, out of funds of the Company legally available therefor, cumulative cash dividends at the rates described in Section 3(b). To the extent declared by the Board of Directors, dividends will be payable quarterly on the 15th day of the first month of each calendar quarter in San Francisco, California, or if nota Business Day in San Francisco, California, the next succeeding Business Day in San Francisco, California, and in the case of any accrued but unpaid dividends, at such additional times, if any, as determined by the Board of Directors (each a “Dividend Payment Date’); provided, however, that: (i) the first Dividend Payment Date forthe Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock was January 16, 2017, in San Francisco, California, and the first Dividend Payment Date forthe Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock was January 15,2018 and (ii) after the Conversion Date the first Dividend Payment Date for the Series A Preferred Stock will be January 15,2025. A “Business Day” shallmean any day, other than a Saturday or a Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday


 
nora day on which banking institutions in New York, New York, San Francisco, Califomia or Tokyo, Japan are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close. It is expected thatthe Board of Directors will declare any dividends by the end ofthemonth prior to the month in which such dividends are to be paid. No less than five (5) Business Days before each Dividend Payment Date, the Company shall notify the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock of such Dividend Payment Date and (prior to the Conversion Date) the amount of the dividend payment for each of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. and the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. Dividends on the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock will accrue and be cumulative from and including the date of issuance of the Series A-1 Preferred Stock (the “Series A-1 Original Issue Date”) and Dividends on the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock will accrue and be cumulative from and including the date of issuance of the Series A-2 Preferred Stock (the “Series A-2 Original Issue Date”). On and after the Conversion Date, the term “Original Issue Date”: (yy) for all shares, except the Converted Shares, shall mean the date such shares were originally purchased by the holder of such Series A Preferred Stock (or its predecessor in interest) from the Company; and (zz) for the Converted Shares, shall mean the Series A-1 Original Issue Date (for the Converted Shares that were formerly Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock) and the Series A-2 Original Issue Date (for the converted Shares that were formerly Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock). However, the Board of Directors will not be required to declare dividends, and the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will not be entitled to require payment of any such dividend. (b) (i) With respect to the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, from the Series A-1 Original Issue Date through October 15,2023, dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% on the sum of the Liquidation Value (defined below), and from andafter October 16, 2023 through the Conversion Date, dividends at the per annum rate of 8.5% perannum on the Liquidation Value shall accrue on a daily basis in arrears on such shares of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock), and to the extent dividends are not paid on the 15‘ day of the first month of each calendar quarter in San Francisco, California (or if such day is nota Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), allaccrued and unpaid dividends onany shares of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemabie Preferred Stock shall accumulate and compound at 6.5% per annum on the 15 day of every October (starting in 2017) from the Series A-1 Original Issue Date through and including October 15, 2023, andat 8.5% per annum for the period commencing October 16, 2023 through the Conversion Date, or if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), in San Francisco, California, whether or not declared by the Board of Directors, and shall remain accumulated, compounding dividends until paid pursuant to this Certificate of Designations. (ii) With respect to the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, from and after the Series A-2 Original Issue Date through the Conversion Date, dividends at the rate per annum of 6.5% on the sum of the Liquidation Value shallaccrue on a daily basis in arrears on such shares of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock), and to the extent dividends are not paid on the 15th day of the first month of each calendar quarter in San Francisco, California (or if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), all accrued and unpaid dividends on any shares of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock shall accumulate and compound at 6.5% perannum on the 15th day of every October (starting in 2017) (or if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), in San Francisco, California, whether or not declared by the Board of Directors, and shall remain accumulated, compounding dividends until paid pursuant to this Certificate of Designations. (iii) Following the Conversion Date, dividends at the rate per annum of 8.35% on the Liquidation Value shallaccrue on a daily basis in arrears on all shares of Series A Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock) and to the extent dividends are not paid on the 15 day of the firstmonth of each calendarquarter in San Francisco, California, commencing January 15,2025 (orif such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), in San Francisco, California, whether ornot declared by the Board of Directors, and shallremain accumulated, compounding dividends until paid pursuant to this Certificate of Designations. (iv) Theamountofany dividend payableon the Series A Preferred Stock forany full Dividend Period (as defined herein) or any partial Dividend Period shall be prorated and computed on the basis of a 365-day year (it being understood that the dividend paid to the holders of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock on January 16, 2017, payable to the holders of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock on January 15,2018, and payable to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock on January 15,2025 may be for more or less than a full Dividend Period and for the Series A Preferred Stock will reflect dividends accumulated from the Original Issue Date of such shares (or the Conversion Date, in the case of the Converted Shares) through, and including, January 15,2025. A “Dividend Period” shall mean the period from and including the Original Issue Date of such shares (or the Conversion Date, in the case of the Converted Shares) to and including the next Dividend Payment Date; provided that the Dividend Period following the Original Issue Date of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be the period from such Original Issue Date to January 15,2025, or with respectto the Converted Shares, the period from the Conversion Date to January 15,2025. Theterm “Dividend Period’ shallalso mean eachsubsequentperiod(ie., each period after the Dividend Period ending January 15,2025) from and excluding the previous Dividend Payment Date to and including the relevant Dividend 4 Payment Date or other date as of which accrued dividends are to be calculated. Dividends will be payable to holders of record as they appear in the stockholder records of the Company atthe close of business on the applicable record date, which shall be the date designated by the Board of Directors as the record date for the payment of dividends that is not more than thirty (30) nor less than ten (10) days prior to the applicable Dividend Payment Date (eacha “Dividend Record Date’). {c) Dividends on the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and the Series A Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Preferred Stock’) shall be cumulative and shall accrue whether or not (1) the Company has earnings, (ii) there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends or (iii) such dividends are declared by the Board of Directors. Any dividend payment made shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid dividends due with respect thereto that remain payable. No interest or sum of money in lieu of interest shall be payable in respect of any dividend payment or payments on the Preferred Stock that may be cumulated and in arrears. (d) No dividends on the Preferred Stock shall be declared by the Board of Directors or paid or set apart for payment by the Company at such time as the terms and provisions of any agreement of the Company, including any agreement relating to its indebtedness and any related waiver or amendment thereto, prohibits such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment or provides that such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment would constitute a breach thereof or a default thereunder, or if such declaration or payment is restricted or prohibited by law. (e) Except as provided in Section3(f) below, unless all accrued and accumulated dividends on the Preferred Stock for all prior Dividend Periods and the then- current Dividend Period shall have been or are (i) declared and paid in cash or (ii) declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash is set apart by the Company for such payment and is deposited in trust with an independent bank or trust company that is, or whose parent or other affiliate is, a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation having capital and surplus of not less than $500,000,000 (an “Eligible Trustee”), (A) no dividends shall be declared by the Board of Directors or paid or set apart for payment by the Company on any of the Company’s capital stock for any Dividend Period, (B) no distribution of cash or other property may be declared or made, directly or indirectly, on or with respect to any shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock’) or shares of any other class or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking, as to dividends, on a parity with or junior to the Preferred Stock (other than a dividend paid in shares of Common Stock or in shares of any other class or series of the Company’s capital stock rankingjunior to the Preferred Stock as to (i) dividends and (ii) upon a Liquidation (defined below)) for any Dividend Period, and (C) no shares of Common Stock, or any other shares of the Company’s capital stock ranking, as to dividends or upon a Liquidation, on a parity with, or junior to, the Preferred Stock, may be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration (or any funds be paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the redemption or retirement, purchase or reduction of any such shares) by the Company (except by conversion into or exchange for other shares of capital stock of the Company ranking junior to the Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon a Liquidation) for any Dividend Period. (f} When dividends are not paid in full upon the Preferred Stock or any other series of preferred stock issued by the Company ranking on a parity as to dividends with the Preferred Stock, all dividends declared upon the Preferred Stock or any such other series of preferred stock issued by the Company ranking on a parity as to dividends with the Preferred Stock shall be declared pro rata so that the amount of dividends declared per share of the Preferred Stock and such other series of preferred stock shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued dividends per share on the Preferred Stock and such other series of preferred stock (which shall notinclude any accrual in respect of unpaid dividends on such other series of preferred stock for prior dividend periods if such other series of preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend) bear to each other. (g) Dividends with respect to the Preferred Stock shall be of equal priority. All dividends paid with respect to shares of the Preferred Stock shall be paid pro rata to the holders of such shares entitled thereto. Holders of shares of the Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to any dividend, whether payable in cash, property or shares of any class of capital stock (including the Preferred Stock), in excess of the full cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided herein. 4, Liquidation Preference. (a) Uponany voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company (a “Liguidation’’), the holders of the Preferred Stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Company legally available for distribution to its stockholders an amount in cash equal to a liquidation preference of $20.00 per share of Preferred Stock, plus: (i) in the case of the Series A Preferred Stock allaccrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) compounding at 8.35% per annum from the Conversion Date up to and including the date of payment of such amount; (11) in the case of the Series A-1 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, all accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) compounding at a rate of 6.5% per annum from the Series A-1 Original Issue Date through and including October 15, 2023, ata rate of 8.5% per annum up to and including the Conversion Date, and (iii) in the case of the Series A-2 Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, allaccrued and unpaid dividends (whether ornot declared) compounding at a rate of 6.5% per annum up to and including the Conversion Date (the sum of the amounts in clauses 4(a)(i), 4(a)(ii) and 4(a)(iii) being hereinafter referred to as the “Liquidation Value’), after payment of all the Company’s indebtedness and other obligations ranking senior under Delaware law, and before any distributions or payments are made to the holders of the Common Stock and any other equity securities ranking junior to the Preferred Stock. In the event that, upon a Liquidation, the available assets of the Company are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all shares of other classes or series of the Company’s capital stock ranking on a parity with the Preferred Stock in liquidation preference to which they wouldotherwise be respectively entitled, then the holders of the Preferred Stock and allothersuch classes orseries of capital stock ranking on a parity with the Preferred Stock shall share ratably in any such


 
distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled upon such Liquidation if allamounts payable on or with respect to the shares of the Preferred Stock were paid in full, and the Company shall not make or agree to make any payments to the holders ofany equity securities ranking junior to the Preferred Stock. (b) Inthe event of a Liquidation, the Company shall, within ten (10) days after the date the Board of Directors approves such action, or no later than twenty (20) days after any stockholders’ meeting called to approve such action, or within twenty (20) days of the commencement of any involuntary proceeding, whichever is earlier, give each record holder of Preferred Stock written notice of the proposed action by first class mail, postage paid, atthe respectiveaddresses of suchholdersas they appear on the stock transferrecords ofthe Company. Such written notice shall describe the material terms and conditions of such proposed action, including a description of the cash to be received by the holders of Preferred Stock upon consummation of the proposed action and the payment date or dates and the place or places on and at which the amounts distributable as a result thereof shall be payable. If any material change in the facts set forth in the initial notice shall occur, the Company shall promptly give written notice to each record holder of Preferred Stock of such material change. (c) After payment to the holders of Preferred Stock of the full liquidation amounts provided in this Section 4, the holders of Preferred Stock, as such, will have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Company. (d) Neither the sale, lease, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets or business of the Company, nor the merger or consolidation of the Company with or into any other entity or the merger or consolidation of any other entity with or into the Company nora statutory stock exchange by the Company ifthen permitted by the Act, shall be deemed to be a Liquidation for the purposes of this Section 4. 5. Redemption. (a) Mandatory Redemption, The Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date; provided, however, that, subject to Section 5(b), the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the Preferred Stock (a “Required Majority”) shall have the option to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of such stock (a “Mandatory Redemption’) for cash at the Liquidation Value (the “Redemption Price”) on ninety (90) days’ advance written notice delivered to the Company in accordance with Section 5(g)(i) upon the occurrence of any of the following events (each such event, a “Mandatory Redemption Event’): (i) On September 27, 2031 (i.e., the seventh anniversary of the Conversion Date); (ii) A material breach by the Company of the Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of September 12, 2024 that is uncured on the date a Required Majority votes in favor of Mandatory Redemption, including breaches of representations and warranties contained in such Stock Purchase Agreement; (iii) Charles Willis IV, Austin Willis and CFW Partners, L.P. (viewed collectively, as a single stockholder) cease to be the largest single stockholder (except as a result of a share transfer conducted between the Eligible Executive Officers), For the purpose of this Section 5, an Eligible Executive Officer shall mean person(s) satisfying all conditions that (x) the Company’s president, any vice president of the Company in charge of a principal businessunit, division or function (such as sales, administration or finance), any other officer of the Company who performs a policy making function or any otherperson who performs similar policy making functions for the Company, who has been served as such officer for more than 10 years as of the date of such transaction; and (y) such person is listed as an executive officer of the Company in the most recent proxy statement as of the date of such transaction which statement has been filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission; (iv) if the Company’s “surplus”, as defined by Section 154 of the Act and determined in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles then in effect (“Surplus”), measured as of (w) the end of each of the Company’s fiscal years, (x) the end of each six(6)-month period following the end ofany fiscal year, (y) after paymentof any dividend, or (z) the end of each calendar quarter after any repurchase or redemption by the Company of any capital stock, is less than the Liquidation Value; (v) the Company (either individually or on aconsolidated basis with its subsidiaries) incurs an operating loss or ordinary loss for two (2) consecutive fiscal years; (vi) the Company undergoes a consolidation, merger, or sale of stock (other than with an Eligible Executive Officer) and the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such transaction hold (beneficially) less than fifty percent (50%) of the issued and outstanding stock of the Company after giving effect to such transaction; and (vii) whether in a single transaction or series of transactions, the Company orany of its Material Subsidiaries(as hereinafter defined) (x) sells, leases, transfers, delegates or otherwise disposes of more than 50% of its assets, based on the book value of its assets in the most recent audited financial statements; or (y) undergoes a consolidation, merger, share exchange, share transfer, assignment of the business or similar transaction involving more than 50% of the consolidated assets of the Company and all subsidiaries, based on the net book value of the consolidated assets of the Company and all subsidiaries in the most recent consolidated financial statements of the Company (“Consolidated Assets"), and (n the case of (x) or (y)), at least eighty percent(80%) of the net proceeds of such transaction are not used to repay indebtedness of the Company or reinvested in the Company’s business. A “Material Subsidiary” shall mean a subsidiary or trust (other than a Service Entity) owning more than 50% of the Consolidated Assets For purposes of this Section 5(a)(vii) and Section 6(f), an “Service Entity” means: WERC US, WERC UK, Willis Aeronautical Services, Inc., and Willis Aviation Services Limited.. (b) Notice of Redemption Event. If any of the Mandatory Redemption Events occur (other than item 5(a)(i)), the Company shall notify the holder(s) of the Series A Preferred Stock within five (5) Business Days of an Eligible Executive Officer of the Company becoming aware of such occurrence. {c) Surplus Requirement. Notwithstanding Section 5(a), the number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock that may be redeemed shall be limited to the Company’s available Surplus. (d) Redemption Date. Subjectto Section 5(a), the Series A Preferred Stock will remain outstanding indefinitely, unless the Company decides to redeemthem in accordance with this Certificate of Designations, or they are otherwise cancelled or exchanged. A Mandatory Redemption Event will be subject to limitations on redemptions under applicable Delaware corporate law, but shall otherwise be mandatory and not require approval of the Board of Directors. (e) Noticed Redemption by Company. The Company may, at the Company’s option with ninety (90) days’ advance written notice delivered to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole, at any time and from time to time, on any Dividend Payment Date for cash at a price equal to the Redemption Price. (f) Nothingin this Section 5 (except forthe last clause of Section 5(g)(iii)) shall prevent or restrict the Company from purchasing, from time to time, either at a public or private sale, all or part of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock at such price or prices as the Company may determine, subject to the provisions of applicable law. (g) Procedures for Redemption. (i) Written election of a Mandatory Redemption by a Required Majority (a “Redemption Election”) may be mailed to the Company, postage paid, upon the occurrence of a Mandatory Redemption Event. Any Mandatory Redemption shall occur no more than 90 days following receipt by the Company ofa Redemption Election. Promptly following receipt of a Redemption Election, but in no event more than ten (10) days, the Company shall send written notice (a “Redemption Notice”) of its receipt of the Redemption Election to each holder of record of Series A Preferred Stock (fora Mandatory Redemption of such stock). In addition to any information required by law or by the applicable rules of any exchange or automated quotation system upon which the Series A Preferred Stock may be listed or admitted for quotation and trading, a Redemption Notice shall state: (A) the date of the closing of the redemption, which, pursuant to this Section 5(g)({i), shall be no later than 90 days following receipt by the Company of the Redemption Election (the applicable date, the “Redemption Date’); (B) the Redemption Price; (C) the number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed; (D) the manner and place or places at which certificates for such shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price; and (E) that dividends on the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed will cease to accumulate on the applicable Redemption Date. Any redemption by the Company pursuant to Section 5(e) shall require, in addition to ninety (90) days’ advance written notice: (i) with respect to redemption of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, a notice to each record holder of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock atthe respective addresses of such holders as they appear on the Company’s stock transfer records stating the information listed in (A) through (E) above. (ii) From and after the applicable Redemption Date (unless the Company defaults in the payment of the Redemption Price), dividends onthe shares of the Series A Preferred Stock so called for redemption shall cease to accumulate, and said shares shall no longer be deemed to be outstanding and shall not have the status of the Series A Preferred Stock and all rights of the holders thereof, as such, (except the right to receive the Redemption Price) shallcease. Upon surrender, in accordance with a Redemption Notice, of the certificates for any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock so redeemed (properly endorsed or assigned for transfer, if the Company shallso require and the notice shall so state), or in the event the certificates are lost, stolen or missing, upon delivery of an affidavit of loss, such shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemed by the Company at the Redemption Price by wire transfer to the holder of record of such certificate. In case fewer than all of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed represented by any such certificate are redeemed, a new certificate or certificates shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares of the Series A Preferred Stock without cost to the holder(s) thereof. (iii) Unless full cumulative dividends on all shares of the Series A Preferred Stock have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid in cash or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash set aside for payment forall prior Dividend Periods and the then-current Dividend Period and deposited in trust with an Eligible Trustee, no Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemed by the Company pursuant to Section 5(e) unless all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock are simultaneously redeemed and the Company shall not purchase or otherwise acquire, directly or indirectly, any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock; provided, however, the foregoing restrictions onredemptions and purchases shall not prevent the acquisition of the Series A Preferred Stock by the Company pursuant to an exchange offer made on the same terms to holders of all of the outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock for shares of Company capital stock ranking on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock. (iv) Ifonany Redemption Date the Company’s Surplus is less than the amount necessary to pay the full Redemption Price for the total number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed pursuant to this Section 5, the Company shall (A) take all appropriate action reasonably within its means to maximize its Surplus available for paying the Redemption Price, (B) first use any 10


 
such Surplus to pay all accrued and unpaid dividends and then to call for redemption the maximum possible number of shares ofthe Series A Preferred Stock that it can redeem on such Redemption Date out of all such Surplus available therefor on such date, pro rata among the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, based on the number of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock held by each holder (with any necessary adjustments to avoid fractional shares), or by any other equitable method that the Company may determine to use, and (C) following the applicable Redemption Date, at any time and from time to time when additional assets of the Company become legally available to redeem the remaining the Series A Preferred Stock, the Company shall promptly notify the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and such holders may then mail a Redemption Election to the Company. If fewer than all the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock represented by any share certificate are to be so redeemed, the Company shall issue a new certificate for the shares not redeemed without cost to the holder(s) thereof. {(v) Allshares of the Series A Preferred Stock redeemed or repurchased pursuant to this Section 5 shall be retired and shall be restored to the status of authorized but unissued shares of the Series A Preferred Stock. (h) Irrevocable Redemption Right. In the event of a Mandatory Redemption Event pursuant to Sections 5(a) , a Required Majority shall have an irrevocable option, at any time and from time to time, to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 5 until all of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock are redeemed. 6. Voting Rights and Protective Provisions. (a) Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall not have any voting rights, except as provided by applicable law and as set forth in this Section 6. (b) Whenever dividends on any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock are in arrears for an aggregate of six (6) or more Dividend Periods (whether consecutive or non- consecutive) and remain unpaid (a “Preferred Dividend Default’), the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock (voting separately as a class with all other holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and holders of all other series of the Company’s preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred) will be entitled to elect by majority vote a total of two (2) additional directors of the Company (the “Preferred Directors’) to serve on the Board of Directors (which, without the consent of a Required Majority, will not exceed seven (7) directors in total) until all unpaid dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock have been paid. (c) Election of directors that are authorized pursuant to Section 6(b) shall be conducted ataspecial meetingcalled by the holders of record ofat least twenty-five percent (25%) of the Series A Preferred Stock (unless such request is received less than ninety (90) days before the date fixed for the next annual or special meeting of the Company’s stockholders) and otherwise at the next annual meeting of stockholders, and at each subsequent annual meeting of stockholders until all dividends accumulated on such Series 11 A Preferred Stock for the prior Dividend Periods and the then-current Dividend Period shallhave been fully paid ordeclared and asum sufficient for the payment thereofsetaside for payment and deposited in trust with an Eligible Trustee. In such case, the entire Board of Directors of the Company will be increased by two (2) directors. So long as a Preferred Dividend Default shall continue, any vacancy in the office of a Preferred Director may be filled by written consent of the Preferred Director remaining in office, or if none remains in office, by a vote of the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights described above (voting separately as a class with all other series of preferred stock of the Company upon which like voting rights have been conferred or are exercisable), (d) If and when all accumulated dividends and the dividends for the then- current Dividend Period on the Series A Preferred Stock shall have been paid in full ora sum sufficient has been authorized and set aside and deposited in trust with an Eligible Trustee for payment in full of all accrued and unpaid dividends, the holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be divested of the voting rights set forth in clause (b) above (subject to revesting in the event of each and every future Preferred Dividend Default) and, if all accumulated dividends and the dividends for the then-current Dividend Period have been paid in full, the term of office of each Preferred Director so elected shall terminate and the size of the Board of Directors shall be immediately decreased by two (2) directors. Any Preferred Director may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the vote of, the holders of amajority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights set forth in clause (b) above. (e) Subject to Section 13, changes to the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock (other than non-substantive clarifications), shall be effective only upon vote of the Board of Directors and the affirmative vote of at least a Required Majority. (f) So long as any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding, whether in a single transaction or a series of transactions, the Company shall not, and shall cause the Service Entities not to, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of a Required Majority, (i) sell, lease, transfer, delegate or otherwise dispose of any asset of Service Entities (except for those transactions in ordinary course of its business); or (ii) undergo a consolidation, merger, share exchange, sharetransfer, assignment ofthe business or similar transaction of any of Service Entities, except in the event that the Service Entity is the acquiring entity; (g) So long as any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote orconsent of the holders of a Required Majority, (i) authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any other class or series of shares of capital stock ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon a Liquidation or reclassify any authorized shares of capital stock ofthe Company into such capital stock, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase any such shares of capital stock ranking senior in priority to the Series A Preferred Stock; (ii) authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any other class or series of shares of capital stock that ranks pari passu to the Series A 12 Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon a Liquidation or reclassify any authorized shares of capital stock of the Company into such capital stock; (iii) authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any additional shares of the Series A Preferred Stock; or (iv) amend, alter or repeal the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, this Certificate of Designations, the by-laws of the Company or any other document similar to the foregoing, whether by merger, consolidation, transfer or conveyance of substantially all of its assets, or otherwise so as to materially and adversely affect any right, preference, privilege or voting power of the Series A Preferred Stock or the holders thereof (each such event specified in clauses (1), (ii), (4ii) and (iv), an “Event’”); provided, however, with respect to the occurrence of any of the Events set forth in clause (iv) of this Section 6(f) above, so long as any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding or are converted into securities of the surviving entity, in each case with terms, including rights, preferences, privileges and voting or other powers that are substantially similar in all material respects to the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, taking into account that, upon the occurrence ofan Event, the Company may notbe the survivingentity, the occurrence ofsuch Eventshallnotbe deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting or other powers of holders of the Series A Preferred Stock; provided, further that (A) the creation or issuance of any other class or series of capital stock of the Company ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon a Liquidation, and (B) the creation or issuance of indebtedness or debt securities, shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting powers and the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall have no right to vote on any such increase, creation or issuance. (h) Oneach matter submitted to a vote of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock in accordance with this Section 6, or as otherwise required by law, each share of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to one (1) vote, except that when any other series of preferred stock of the Company shall have the right to vote with the Series A Preferred Stock as a single class on any matter, the Series A Preferred Stock and such other series shall have with respect to such matters, one vote per each $20.00 of Liquidation Value. With respect to each share of the Series A Preferred Stock, the holder thereofmay designate a proxy, with each such proxy having the right to vote on behalf of the holder. 7, Restrictions on Transfer. The Series A Preferred Stock shall be issued for long- term investment purposes only. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may not transfer all or any part of the Series A Preferred Stock; provided, however, that such holders may assign part or all of the Series A Preferred Stock with the consent of the Company or after ninety (90) days after any Mandatory Redemption Event under Section 5(a) shall have occurred. 8. Ranking. In respect of rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of a Liquidation, the Series A Preferred Stock shall rank: (i) senior to the Common Stock and to any otherclass or series of Company’s preferred stock outstanding from time to time. For purposes of this Section 8, debt securities of the Company that are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company or any other debt securities of the Company shall not constitute a class or series of capital stock of the Company until such time as they are converted into capital stock. 13 9, Headings. The headings hereof are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of any of the provisions hereof, 10. Severability of Provisions. If any preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation or this Certificate of Designations are invalid, unlawful or incapable of being enforced by reason of any rule of law or public policy, all other preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation and this Certificate of Designations that can be given effect without giving effect to the invalid, unlawful or unenforceable provision shall, nevertheless, remain in full force and effect and no preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock herein or therein set forth shall be deemed dependent upon any other provision hereof or thereof unless so expressed herein or therein. 11. No Preemptive Rights. No holder of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to any preemptive rights to subscribe for or acquire any unissued shares of Company capital stock (whether now or hereafter authorized) or securities of the Company convertible into or carrying a right to subscribe to or acquire shares of Company capital stock. 12. Notices. Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given: (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) when received by the addressee if sent by an internationally recognized overnight courier (receipt requested); (c) on the date sent by facsimile or e-mail of a PDF document (with confirmation of transmission) if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, and on the next Business Day of the recipient if sent after normal business hours of the recipient; or (d) on the third day after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage paid. Such communications must be sent (a) to the Company, at its principal executive offices and (b) to any holder of the Series A Preferred Stock, at such holder's address at it appears in the stock transfer records of the Company (or at such other address as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 12). 13. Amendment; Waiver. No provision of this Certificate of Designation may be amended, modified or waived except by an instrument in writing executed by the Company and a Required Majority, and any such written amendment, modification or waiver shall be binding on the Company and each holder of the Series A Preferred Stock. No amendment, modification or waiver of the terms or relative priorities of the Series A Preferred Stock may be accomplished by the merger, consolidation or other transaction of the Company with another company or entity unless the Company has obtained the prior written consent of a Required Majority in accordance with this Section 13. 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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Willis Lease Finance Corporation has authorized and caused this Certificate of Designations to be executed by its Chief Executive Officer and attested to by its Corporate Secretary, as of this 12th day of September, 2024. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION By:/s/Austin C. Willis Chief Executive Officer Attest: By:/s/Dean M Poulakidas Corporate Secretary 15


 
EX-3.2 3 a32-wlfcx2025bylaws.htm EX-3.2 a32-wlfcx2025bylaws
BYLAWS OF WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) Dated as of April 18, 2001 Amended as of November 13, 2001 Further Amended as of December 16, 2008 Further Amended as of September 28, 2010 Further Amended as of August 5, 2013 Further Amended as of October 7, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page i ARTICLE I. OFFICES SECTION 1.01 Registered Office ............................................................................................... 1 SECTION 1.02 Other Offices ..................................................................................................... 1 ARTICLE II. MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS SECTION 2.01 Annual Meetings ............................................................................................... 1 SECTION 2.02 Special Meetings ............................................................................................... 1 SECTION 2.03 Place of Meetings .............................................................................................. 1 SECTION 2.04 Notice of Meetings ............................................................................................ 1 SECTION 2.05 Quorum .............................................................................................................. 2 SECTION 2.06 Voting ................................................................................................................ 2 SECTION 2.07 Fixing Date for Determination of Stockholders of Record ............................... 3 SECTION 2.08 List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote ................................................................ 3 SECTION 2.09 Judges ................................................................................................................ 4 SECTION 2.10 Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations ............................................ 4 ARTICLE III. BOARD OF DIRECTORS SECTION 3.01 General Powers .................................................................................................. 6 SECTION 3.02 Number and Term of Office .............................................................................. 6 SECTION 3.03 Election of Directors ......................................................................................... 6 SECTION 3.04 Resignations ...................................................................................................... 7 SECTION 3.05 Removal ............................................................................................................. 7 SECTION 3.06 Vacancies ........................................................................................................... 7 SECTION 3.07 Place of Meeting, Etc ........................................................................................ 7 SECTION 3.08 Regular Meetings .............................................................................................. 7 SECTION 3.09 Special Meetings ............................................................................................... 7 SECTION 3.10 Quorum and Manner of Acting ......................................................................... 8 SECTION 3.11 Organization ...................................................................................................... 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page ii SECTION 3.12 Action by Consent ............................................................................................. 8 SECTION 3.13 Compensation .................................................................................................... 8 SECTION 3.14 Committees ........................................................................................................ 8 SECTION 3.15 Qualification Requirement for Directors ........................................................... 9 ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS SECTION 4.01 Number .............................................................................................................. 9 SECTION 4.02 Election, Term of Office and Qualifications ................................................... 10 SECTION 4.03 Assistants, Agents and Employees, Etc ........................................................... 10 SECTION 4.04 Removal ........................................................................................................... 10 SECTION 4.05 Resignations .................................................................................................... 10 SECTION 4.06 Vacancies ......................................................................................................... 10 SECTION 4.07 Inability to Act ................................................................................................. 10 SECTION 4.08 The Chairman of the Board ............................................................................. 10 SECTION 4.09 The Chief Executive Officer ........................................................................... 10 SECTION 4.10 The President ................................................................................................... 11 SECTION 4.11 The Chief Financial Officer ............................................................................ 11 SECTION 4.12 The Vice Presidents ......................................................................................... 11 SECTION 4.13 The Corporate Secretary .................................................................................. 11 SECTION 4.14 Compensation .................................................................................................. 11 ARTICLE V. CONTRACTS, CHECKS, DRAFTS, BANK ACCOUNTS, ETC. SECTION 5.01 Execution of Contracts .................................................................................... 12 SECTION 5.02 Checks, Drafts, Etc .......................................................................................... 12 SECTION 5.03 Deposits ........................................................................................................... 12 SECTION 5.04 General and Special Bank Accounts ............................................................... 12 ARTICLE VI. SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER SECTION 6.01 Certificates for Stock ....................................................................................... 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page iii SECTION 6.02 Transfers of Stock ........................................................................................... 13 SECTION 6.03 Regulations ...................................................................................................... 13 SECTION 6.04 Lost, Stolen, Destroyed, and Mutilated Certificates ....................................... 13 ARTICLE VII. INDEMNIFICATION SECTION 7.01 Indemnification ............................................................................................... 13 SECTION 7.02 Expenses .......................................................................................................... 14 SECTION 7.03 Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit ................................................................... 14 SECTION 7.04 Other Rights and Remedies ............................................................................. 15 SECTION 7.05 Insurance ......................................................................................................... 15 SECTION 7.06 Constituent Corporations ................................................................................. 15 ARTICLE VIII. MISCELLANEOUS SECTION 8.01 Fiscal Year ....................................................................................................... 16 SECTION 8.02 Waiver of Notices ............................................................................................ 16 SECTION 8.03 Seal .................................................................................................................. 16 SECTION 8.04 Interested Directors; Quorum .......................................................................... 16 SECTION 8.05 Amendments .................................................................................................... 16 SECTION 8.06 Representation of Shares in Other Corporations ............................................. 16 SECTION 8.07 Forum for Adjustment of Disputes .................................................................. 16 SECTION 8.08 Severability ...................................................................................................... 17 SECTION 8.09 Pronouns .......................................................................................................... 17


 
1 BYLAWS OF WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) ARTICLE I. Offices SECTION 1.01 Registered Office. The registered office of Willis Lease Finance Corporation (hereinafter called the Corporation) in the State of Delaware shall be at 9 East Loockerman Street, City of Dover, County of Kent, and the name of the registered agent in charge thereof shall be National Registered Agents, Inc. SECTION 1.02 Other Offices. The Corporation may also have an office or offices at such other place or places, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors (hereinafter called the Board) may from time to time determine or as the business of the Corporation may require. ARTICLE II. Meetings of Stockholders SECTION 2.01 Annual Meetings. Annual meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation for the purpose of electing directors to succeed those whose terms expire and for the transaction of such other proper business as may properly come before such meetings may be held at such time, date and place as the Board shall determine by resolution. SECTION 2.02 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of any proper business, unless otherwise prescribed by statute, may be called only in accordance with Article XI of the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation as it may be amended from time to time (the “Certificate of Incorporation”). SECTION 2.03 Place of Meetings. All meetings of the stockholders shall be held at such places, within or without the State of Delaware, as may from time to time be designated by the person or persons calling the respective meeting and specified in the respective notices or waivers of notice thereof. In the absence of any such designation, stockholders’ meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation. SECTION 2.04 Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise required by law, notice of each meeting of the stockholders, whether annual or special, shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting by delivering a typewritten or printed notice thereof to him personally, or by depositing such notice in the United States mail, in a postage prepaid envelope, directed to him at his post office address furnished by him to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation for such purpose or, if he shall not have furnished to the Corporate Secretary 2 his address for such purpose, then at his post office address last known to the Corporate Secretary, or by transmitting a notice thereof to him at such address by telegraph, cable, or wireless. Except as otherwise expressly required by law, no publication of any notice of a meeting of the stockholders shall be required. Every notice of a meeting of the stockholders shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, shall also state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Notice of any meeting of stockholders shall not be required to be given to any stockholder who shall have waived such notice and such notice shall be deemed waived by any stockholder who shall attend such meeting in person or by proxy, except a stockholder who shall attend such meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Except as otherwise expressly required by law, notice of any adjourned meeting of the stockholders need not be given if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. SECTION 2.05 Quorum. Except where otherwise provided by law, the holders of record of a majority of the shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to be voted thereat, present in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation or any adjournment thereof. For purposes of the foregoing, two or more classes or series of stock shall be considered a single class if the holders thereof are entitled to vote together as a single class at the meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting or any adjournment thereof, a majority of the shares of stock of the Corporation present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereat or, in the absence therefrom of all the stockholders, any officer entitled to preside at, or to act as secretary of, such meeting may adjourn such meeting from time to time. At any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. SECTION 2.06 Voting. (a) Each stockholder shall, at each meeting of the stockholders, be entitled to vote in person or by proxy for each share or fractional share of the stock of the Corporation held by him which has voting power upon the matter in question. (b) Any such voting rights may be exercised by the stockholder entitled thereto in person or by his proxy appointed by an instrument in writing or by any other secure means permitted by law, including telephonic and electronic transmission, subscribed by such stockholder or by his attorney thereunto authorized and delivered to the secretary of the meeting; provided, however, that no proxy shall be voted or acted upon after eleven months from its date unless said proxy shall provide for a longer period. The attendance at any meeting of a stockholder who may theretofore have given a proxy shall not have the effect of revoking the same unless he shall in writing so notify the secretary of the meeting prior to the voting of the proxy. At any meeting of the stockholders, all matters, except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or in these Bylaws, shall be decided by the vote of a majority in voting interest of the stockholders present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereat and thereon, a quorum being present. The vote at any meeting of the stockholders on any question need not be by ballot, unless the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of all classes of stock entitled to vote thereon present in person or by proxy shall so determine. On a vote by 3 ballot, each ballot shall be signed by the stockholder voting, or by his proxy, if there be such proxy, and it shall state the number of shares voted. (c) Shares of its own stock belonging to the Corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors in such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes. Persons holding stock of the Corporation in a fiduciary capacity shall be entitled to vote such stock. Persons whose stock is pledged shall be entitled to vote, unless in the transfer by the pledgor on the books of the Corporation he shall have expressly empowered the pledgee to vote thereon, in which case only the pledgee, or his proxy, may represent such stock and vote thereon. Stock having voting power standing of record in the names of two or more persons, whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint tenants in common, tenants by entirety or otherwise, or with respect to which two or more persons have the same fiduciary relationship, shall be voted in accordance with the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. SECTION 2.07 Fixing Date for Determination of Stockholders of Record. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any other change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more than 60 days prior to any other action. If no record date is fixed: (1) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which the meeting is held; and (2) the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto. A determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of such meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. When a record date is so fixed, only shareholders of record at the close of business on that date are entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting or to receive the dividend, distribution, or allotment of rights, or to exercise the rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the books of the Corporation after the record date. The Board may close the books of the Corporation against transfers of shares during the whole or any part of a period of not more than sixty (60) days prior to the date of a shareholders’ meeting, the date when the right to any dividend, distribution, or allotment of rights vests, or the effective date of any change, conversion or exchange of shares. SECTION 2.08 List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The Corporate Secretary of the Corporation shall prepare and make, or cause to be prepared and made, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within 4 the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. SECTION 2.09 Judges. If at any meeting of the stockholders a vote by written ballot shall be taken on any question, the chairman of such meeting may appoint a judge or judges to act with respect to such vote. Each judge so appointed shall first subscribe an oath faithfully to execute the duties of a judge at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability. Such judges shall decide upon the qualification of the voters and shall report the number of shares represented at the meeting and entitled to vote on such question, shall conduct and accept the votes, and, when the voting is completed, shall ascertain and report the number of shares voted respectively for and against the question. Reports of judges shall be in writing and subscribed and delivered by them to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation. The judges need not be stockholders of the Corporation, and any officer of the Corporation may be a judge on any question other than a vote for or against a proposal in which he shall have a material interest. SECTION 2.10 Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations. (A) Annual Meetings of Stockholders. (1) Nominations of persons for election to the Board and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of the stockholders (a) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the Board or (c) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Bylaw, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Bylaw. (2) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (c) of paragraph (A)(1) of this Bylaw, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing, in conformance with the requirements of this Bylaw, to the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation and such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Corporate Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 90th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not later than the close of business on the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of such person, (iii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such person, (iv) a description of all arrangements


 
5 or understandings between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nominations are to be made by the stockholder, and (v) any other information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) (including without limitation such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement, if any, as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); and (b) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, (ii) the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting, (iii) any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made and (iv) any other information which is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies on behalf of any such business, and specifically, any such information called for by Items 4 and 5 of Regulation 14A under the 1934 Act regarding such other business, the proponent of such other business and any associates or persons who would be deemed “participants” under Regulation 14A were the proponent soliciting proxies on behalf of such other business. All such notices shall include (i) a representation that the person sending the notice is a shareholder of record and will remain such through the record date for the meeting, (ii) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, of such shareholder, (iii) the class and number of the Corporation’s shares which are owned beneficially and of record by such shareholder, and (iv) a representation that such shareholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at such meeting to make the nomination or move the consideration of other business set forth in the notice. (3) Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of paragraph (A)(2) of this Bylaw to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to the Board is increased and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board at least 70 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Bylaw shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Corporate Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation. (B) Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (a) by or at the direction of the Board or (b) provided that the Board has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Bylaw, who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Bylaw. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board, any such stockholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be), for election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice required by paragraph (A)(2) of this Bylaw shall be delivered to the Corporate Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 90th day prior to such special meeting or 6 the 10th day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. (C) General. (1) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Bylaw shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Bylaw. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare at the meeting that business or a nomination is not properly before the meeting and, if he should so determine, the defective business shall not be transacted and the defective nomination shall be disregarded. (2) For purposes of this Bylaw, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. (3) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Bylaw, a stockholder shall also comply with all the applicable requirements of the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Bylaw. Nothing in this Bylaw shall be deemed to affect any rights (i) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the 1934 Act of (ii) of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances. ARTICLE III. Board of Directors SECTION 3.01 General Powers. The property, business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board. SECTION 3.02 Number and Term of Office. The authorized number of directors shall be seven (7), and such number shall not be changed except by a Bylaw amending this section duly adopted by the Board or duly adopted by the stockholders pursuant to the terms of Article IX of the Certificate of Incorporation. Directors need not be stockholders. Each of the directors of the Corporation shall hold office until his successor shall have been duly elected and shall qualify or until he shall resign, die, become disqualified or disabled or shall otherwise be removed in the manner hereinafter provided. SECTION 3.03 Election of Directors. The directors shall be elected annually by the stockholders of the Corporation and the persons receiving the greatest number of votes, up to the number of directors to be elected, shall be the directors. The election of directors is subject to any provisions contained in the Certificate of Incorporation relating thereto, including any provisions for a classified Board. 7 SECTION 3.04 Resignations. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board, the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein, or, if the time is not specified, it shall take effect immediately upon its receipt; and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. SECTION 3.05 Removal. Any director or the entire Board may be removed, with cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors. SECTION 3.06 Vacancies. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation and except for a vacancy created by the removal of a director, any vacancy in the Board, whether because of death, resignation, disqualification, an increase in the number of directors, or otherwise, may be filled by vote of the majority of the remaining directors, although less than a quorum. Vacancies created by the removal of a director may be filled only by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock then entitled to vote at an election of directors. Each director so chosen to fill a vacancy shall hold office until his successor shall have been elected and shall qualify or until he shall resign, die, become disqualified or disabled or shall otherwise be removed in the manner herein provided. SECTION 3.07 Place of Meeting, Etc. The Board may hold any of its meetings at such place or places within or without the State of Delaware as the Board may from time to time by resolution designate or as shall be designated by the person or persons calling the meeting or in the notice or a waiver of notice of any such meeting. Directors may participate in any regular or special meeting of the Board by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment pursuant to which all persons participating in the meeting of the Board can hear each other, and such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. SECTION 3.08 Regular Meetings. A regular annual meeting of the Board shall be held without any further notice immediately after, and at the same place as, the annual meeting of shareholders. The Board may provide for other regular meetings from time to time by resolution. If any day fixed for a regular meeting shall be a legal holiday at the place where the meeting is to be held, then the meeting shall be held at the same hour and place on the next succeeding business day that is not a legal holiday. Except as provided by law, notice of regular meetings need not be given. SECTION 3.09 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board shall be held whenever called by the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Corporate Secretary or any two (2) directors. Except as otherwise provided by law or by these Bylaws, notice of the time and place of each such special meeting shall be mailed to each director, addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business, at least five (5) days before the day on which the meeting is to be held, or shall be sent to him at such place by telegraph, cable, facsimile or email or be delivered personally not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the time at which the meeting is to be held. Except where otherwise required by law or by these Bylaws, notice of the purpose of a special meeting need not be given. Notice of any meeting of 8 the Board shall not be required to be given to any director who signs a waiver of notice, whether before or after the meeting, or who attends the meeting, without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of notice to such director. SECTION 3.10 Quorum and Manner of Acting. Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, the presence of a majority of the authorized number of directors shall be required to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board, and all matters shall be decided at any such meeting, a quorum being present, by the affirmative votes of a majority of the directors present. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of directors present at any meeting may adjourn the same from time to time until a quorum shall be present. If a meeting is adjourned for more than twenty-four (24) hours, notice of any adjournment to another time or place shall be given prior to the time of the reconvened meeting to the directors who were not present at the time of adjournment. The directors shall act only as a Board, and the individual directors shall have no power as such. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for such meeting. SECTION 3.11 Organization. Meetings of the Board shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board, or in his absence by the President, or in his absence by the Chief Administrative Officer, or in his absence by the Chief Financial Officer, or in his absence by a Vice President, or in their absence by a chairman chosen at the meeting. The Corporate Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his absence the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. SECTION 3.12 Action by Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if a written consent thereto is signed by all members of the Board or of such committee, as the case may be, and such written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such action by written consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of such directors. SECTION 3.13 Compensation. The directors shall receive only such compensation for their services as directors as may be allowed by resolution of the Board. The Board may also provide that the Corporation shall reimburse each such director for any expense incurred by him on account of his attendance at any meetings of the Board or Committees of the Board. Neither the payment of such compensation nor the reimbursement of such expenses shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation or its subsidiaries in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. SECTION 3.14 Committees. The Board may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one (1) or more of the directors of the Corporation and to serve at the pleasure of the Board. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board and except as otherwise limited by law, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have power or authority in reference to amending the Certificate of Incorporation, adopting an


 
9 agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of dissolution, removing or indemnifying directors or amending these Bylaws; and, unless the resolution expressly so provides, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of the stock. Any such committee shall keep written minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board at the next regular meeting of the Board. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. SECTION 3.15 Qualification Requirement for Directors. No person shall be qualified to be elected to, or appointed to fill a vacancy on, the Board during the pendency of a Business Combination transaction (as defined in Article XIII of the Certificate of Incorporation) if such person is, or (in the case of a person described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) below) was within the two years preceding the date of such election or appointment: (i) an officer, director, employee or affiliate (as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the 1934 Act) of a party to such transaction (an “Interested Party”) or of any affiliate of an Interested Party; (ii) an agent subject to the direction of an Interested Party; (iii) a consultant or advisor to an Interested Party; (iv) a person having a material financial interest in the transaction (other than through the ownership of stock or securities of the Corporation); or (v) a person having any business, financial, or familial relationship with any person referred to in clauses (i)-(iv) above that would reasonably be expected to affect such person’s judgment in a manner adverse to the Corporation. A person shall not be disqualified from election or appointment to the Board by reason of this Section 3.15 solely because such person is a director or officer of the Corporation who receives normal and customary compensation as such and/or is a stockholder or affiliate of the Corporation. A Business Combination shall be deemed pending for purposes of this Section 3.15 commencing on the date any offer or proposal for such transaction shall be made and until such time as the proposed transaction is abandoned or until such time as: (i) the party proposing such transaction shall have acquired beneficial ownership, as defined above, of 50% or more of the Corporation’s outstanding voting stock; and (ii) 10 business days shall have elapsed thereafter. ARTICLE IV. Officers SECTION 4.01 Number. The officers of the Corporation shall be a Chairman of the Board, a President, a Chief Financial Officer, one or more Vice Presidents (the number thereof and their respective titles to be determined by the Board), and a Corporate Secretary. In addition, the Board may appoint such other officers as may be deemed expedient for the proper conduct of the business of the Corporation, each of whom shall have such authority and perform such duties as the Board may from time to time determine. 10 SECTION 4.02 Election, Term of Office and Qualifications. The officers of the Corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with Section 4.03, shall be chosen annually at the regular meeting of the Board held after the annual meeting of shareholders and shall serve at the pleasure of the Board. If officers are not chosen at such meeting of the Board, they shall be chosen as soon thereafter as shall be convenient. Each officer shall hold office until his successor shall have been duly chosen and shall qualify or until his resignation, death, disqualification or removal in the manner hereinafter provided. SECTION 4.03 Assistants, Agents and Employees, Etc. In addition to the officers specified in Section 4.01, the Board may appoint other assistants, agents and employees as it may deem necessary or advisable, including one or more Assistant Secretaries, and one or more Assistant Financial Officers, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority, and perform such duties as the Board may from time to time determine. The Board may delegate to any officer of the Corporation or any committee of the Board the power to appoint, remove and prescribe the duties of any such assistants, agents or employees. SECTION 4.04 Removal. Any officer, assistant, agent or employee of the Corporation may be removed, with or without cause, at any time: (i) in the case of an officer, assistant, agent or employee appointed by the Board, only by resolution of the Board; and (ii) in the case of an officer, assistant, agent or employee, by any officer of the Corporation or committee of the Board upon whom or which such power of removal may be conferred by the Board. SECTION 4.05 Resignations. Any officer or assistant may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Board, the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Corporate Secretary of the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein, or, if the time be not specified, upon receipt thereof by the Board, the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Corporate Secretary, as the case may be; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. SECTION 4.06 Vacancies. A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification, or other cause, may be filled by the Board for the unexpired portion of the term thereof. SECTION 4.07 Inability to Act. In the case of absence or inability to act of any officer of the Corporation, the Board may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of such officer to any other officer, or any director or other person whom it may select. SECTION 4.08 The Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the Board. SECTION 4.09 The Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer, subject to the control of the Board, shall preside at all meetings shareholders, shall have the general charge of the business and affairs of the Corporation and shall oversee the management of the Corporation. If the offices of the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman are separate, in the absence of the Chairman or if designated to do so by the Board, the Chief Executive Officer 11 shall exercise the powers and perform the duties of the Chairman or designate the executive officers of the Corporation by whom such powers shall be exercised and duties performed. The Chief Executive Officer shall see to it that all resolutions and orders of the Board are carried into effect and shall have full power of delegation in so doing. The Chief Executive Officer shall make reports to the Board and shareholders and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Board or these Bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe. SECTION 4.10 The President. The President of the Corporation shall, subject to the control of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer, have general and active supervision and management over the business of the Corporation and over its several officers, assistants, agents and employees, shall make reports to the Board and shareholders, and shall perform all such other duties as are incident to such office or are properly required by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer. SECTION 4.11 The Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall have the general care and custody of the funds and securities of the Corporation, and shall deposit all such funds in the name of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as shall be selected by the Board, and shall keep regular books of account. He shall receive, and give receipts for, moneys due and payable to the Corporation from any source whatsoever. He shall exercise general supervision over expenditures and disbursements made by officers, agents and employees of the Corporation and the preparation of such records and reports in connection therewith as may be necessary or desirable. He shall, in general, perform all other duties incident to the office of Chief Financial Officer and such other duties as from time to time may be properly assigned to him by the Board or the President. SECTION 4.12 The Vice Presidents. Each Vice President shall have such powers and perform such duties as the Board or the President may from time to time properly prescribe. At the request of the President, or in case of the President’s absence or inability to act upon the request of the Board, a Vice President shall perform the duties of the President and when so acting, shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the President. SECTION 4.13 The Corporate Secretary. The Corporate Secretary shall, if present, record the proceedings of all meetings of the Board, of the stockholders, and of all committees of which a secretary shall not have been appointed, in one or more books provided for that purpose; he shall see that all notices are duly given in accordance with these Bylaws and as required by law; and, in general, he shall perform all the duties incident to the office of Corporate Secretary and such other duties as may from time to time be properly assigned to him by the Board or the President. SECTION 4.14 Compensation. The compensation of the officers of the Corporation shall be fixed from time to time by the Board. None of such officers shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by reason of the fact that he is also a director of the Corporation. Nothing contained herein shall preclude any officer from serving the Corporation, or any subsidiary corporation, in any other capacity and receiving proper compensation therefor. 12 ARTICLE V. Contracts, Checks, Drafts, Bank Accounts, Etc. SECTION 5.01 Execution of Contracts. The Board, except as in these Bylaws otherwise provided, may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances; and unless so authorized by the Board or by these Bylaws, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or in any amount. SECTION 5.02 Checks, Drafts, Etc. All checks, drafts or other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidence of indebtedness, issued in the name of or payable to the Corporation, shall be signed or endorsed by such person or persons and in such manner as, from time to time, shall be determined by resolution of the Board. SECTION 5.03 Deposits. All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board may select, or as may be selected by any officer or officers, assistant or assistants, agent or agents, or attorney or attorneys of the Corporation to whom such power shall have been delegated by the Board. For the purpose of deposit and for the purpose of collection for the account of the Corporation, the Chairman of the Board, the President, the Chief Financial Officer or any Vice President (or any other officer or officers, assistant or assistants, agent or agents, or attorney or attorneys of the Corporation who shall from time to time be determined by the Board) may endorse, assign and deliver checks, drafts and other orders for the payment of money which are payable to the order of the Corporation. SECTION 5.04 General and Special Bank Accounts. The Board may from time to time authorize the opening and keeping of general and special bank accounts with such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board may select or as may be selected by any officer or officers, assistant or assistants, agent or agents, or attorney or attorneys of the Corporation to whom such power shall have been delegated by the Board. The Board may make such special rules and regulations with respect to such bank accounts, not inconsistent with the provisions of these Bylaws, as it may deem expedient. ARTICLE VI. Shares and Their Transfer SECTION 6.01 Certificates for Stock. Every owner of stock of the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate or certificates, to be in such form as the Board shall prescribe, certifying the number and class of shares of the stock of the Corporation owned by him. The certificates representing shares of such stock shall be numbered in the order in which they shall be issued and shall be signed in the name of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President, and by the Chief Financial Officer or the


 
13 Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. Any of or all of the signatures on the certificates may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed, or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon, any such certificate, shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, such certificate may nevertheless be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as though the person who signed such certificate, or whose facsimile signature shall have been placed thereupon, were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. A record shall be kept of the respective names of the persons, firms or corporations owning the stock represented by such certificates, the number and class of shares represented by such certificates, respectively, and the respective dates thereof, and in case of cancellation, the respective dates of cancellation. Every certificate surrendered to the Corporation for exchange or transfer shall be canceled, and no new certificate or certificates shall be issued in exchange for any existing certificate until such existing certificate shall have been so canceled, except in cases provided for in Section 6.04. SECTION 6.02 Transfers of Stock. Transfers of shares of stock of the Corporation shall be made only on the books of the Corporation by the registered holder thereof, or by his attorney thereunto authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Corporate Secretary, or with a transfer clerk or a transfer agent appointed as provided in Section 6.03, and upon surrender of the certificate or certificates for such shares properly endorsed and the payment of all taxes thereon. The person in whose name shares of stock stand on the books of the Corporation shall be deemed the owner thereof for all purposes as regards the Corporation. Whenever any transfer of shares shall be made for collateral security, and not absolutely, such fact shall be so expressed in the entry of transfer if, when the certificate or certificates shall be presented to the Corporation for transfer, both the transferor and the transferee request the Corporation to do so. SECTION 6.03 Regulations. The Board may make such rules and regulations as it may deem expedient, not inconsistent with these Bylaws, concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates for shares of the stock of the Corporation. It may appoint, or authorize any officer or officers to appoint, one or more transfer clerks or one or more transfer agents and one or more registrars, and may require all certificates for stock to bear the signature or signatures of any of them. SECTION 6.04 Lost, Stolen, Destroyed, and Mutilated Certificates. In any case of loss, theft, destruction, or mutilation of any certificate of stock, another may be issued in its place upon proof of such loss, theft, destruction, or mutilation and upon the giving of a bond of indemnity to the Corporation in such form and in such sum as the Board may direct; provided, however, that a new certificate may be issued without requiring any bond when, in the judgment of the Board, it is proper so to do. ARTICLE VII. Indemnification SECTION 7.01 Indemnification. Subject to any limitation which may be contained in the Certificate of Incorporation and the other provisions of this Article VII, the Corporation shall to the full extent permitted by law, including, without limitation, Delaware 14 General Corporation Law § 145, as such law or Section now exists or shall hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), indemnify any person who was, is or is threatened to be made a party, a named defendant or respondent to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, arbitral, administrative, or investigative, any appeal in such action, suit, or proceeding, and any inquiry or investigation that could lead to such an action, suit, or proceeding, because such person is or was a director, officer employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner, venturer, proprietor, trustee, employee, agent, or similar functionary of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, sole proprietorship, trust, employee benefit plan, or other enterprise, against judgments, penalties (including excise and similar taxes), fines, settlements, and reasonable expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit, or proceeding; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 7.03 of this Article VII with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if (i) such indemnification is expressly required to be made by law, (ii) the proceeding was expressly authorized by the Board of Directors of the corporation, (iii) such indemnification is provided by the corporation, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the corporation under the Delaware General Corporation Law or (iv) such indemnification is required to be made under subsection Section 7.03 of this Article VII. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that an individual did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. SECTION 7.02 Expenses. Subject to any limitation which may be contained in the Certificate of Incorporation, the Corporation shall, to the full extent permitted by law, including, without limitation, § 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, as such law or Section now exists or shall hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), pay or reimburse on a current basis the expenses incurred by any person described in Section 7.01 in connection with any such action, suit, or proceeding in advance of the final disposition thereof, if the Corporation has received (i) a written affirmation by the recipient of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification under the Delaware General Corporation Law and (ii) a written undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay the amount paid or reimbursed if it is ultimately determined that he has not satisfied such standard of conduct or if indemnification is prohibited by law. SECTION 7.03 Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit. If a claim under Sections 7.01 or 7.02 of this Article VII is not paid in full by the Corporation within sixty (60) days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. To the fullest extent permitted by law, if successful in whole or in part in any such suit, the indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In 15 any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder it shall be a defense that the indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder, the burden of proving that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, under this Article VII or otherwise shall be on the Corporation. SECTION 7.04 Other Rights and Remedies. The indemnification provided by this Article shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. The rights provided in this Article VII shall be deemed to be provided by a contract between the Corporation and the individuals who serve in the capacities described in Section 7.01 at any time while these bylaws are in effect, and no repeal or modification of this Article VII by the stockholders shall adversely affect any right of any person otherwise entitled to indemnification by virtue of this Article VII at the time of such repeal or modification. SECTION 7.05 Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Article. SECTION 7.06 Constituent Corporations. For the purposes of this Article, references to “the Corporation” include all constituent corporations absorbed in a consolidation or merger as well as the resulting or surviving corporation, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such a constituent corporation or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such person would if such person had served the resulting or surviving corporation in the same capacity.” 16 ARTICLE VIII. Miscellaneous SECTION 8.01 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on the 31st day of December. SECTION 8.02 Waiver of Notices. Whenever notice is required to be given by these Bylaws or the Certificate of Incorporation or by law, the person entitled to said notice may waive such notice in writing, either before or after the time stated therein, and such waiver shall be deemed equivalent to notice. SECTION 8.03 Seal. The Corporation may have a corporate seal which shall have the name of the Corporation and shall be in such form as may be approved from time to time by the Board. The corporate seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced. SECTION 8.04 Interested Directors; Quorum. No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or officers, or have financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose, if: (1) the material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board or the committee, and the Board or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (2) the material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (3) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the Board, a committee thereof or the stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction. SECTION 8.05 Amendments. These Bylaws may be amended only in accordance with Article IX of the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation. SECTION 8.06 Representation of Shares in Other Corporations. Shares of other corporations standing in the name of this Corporation may be voted or represented and all incidents thereto may be exercised on behalf of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board, the President or any Vice President and the Chief Financial Officer or the Corporate Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. SECTION 8.07 Forum for Adjustment of Disputes. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternate forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of


 
17 Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (c) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware’s General Corporation Law, or (d) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section. SECTION 8.08 Severability. Any determination that any provision of these Bylaws is for any reason inapplicable, illegal or ineffective shall not affect or invalidate any other provision of these Bylaws. SECTION 8.09 Pronouns. All pronouns used in these Bylaws shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the person or persons may require.


 
EX-10.74 4 a1074-creditagreement202.htm EX-10.74 a1074-creditagreement202
EXECUTED VERSION Deal #: 97064HAA9 Revolver #: 97064HAB7 CREDIT AGREEMENT Dated as of October 31, 2024 among WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION as the Borrower, CERTAIN SUBSIDIARIES OF THE BORROWER FROM TIME TO TIME PARTY HERETO, as the Guarantors, BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as the Administrative Agent, and THE LENDERS PARTY HERETO BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Joint Bookrunner and Joint Lead Arranger, MUFG BANK, LTD., as Joint Bookrunner, Joint Lead Arranger, and Syndication Agent, CREDIT AGRICOLE CORPORATE AND INVESTMENT BANK, as Co-Documentation Agent, BNP PARIBAS, as Co-Documentation Agent, PNC BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Co-Documentation Agent, CITY NATIONAL BANK, as Senior Managing Agent, THE HUNTINGTON NATIONAL BANK, as Senior Managing Agent, U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Senior Managing Agent, and WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A., as Senior Managing Agent i #4869-8209-4807v13 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND ACCOUNTING TERMS ...................................................................... 1 1.01 Defined Terms ................................................................................................................... 1 1.02 Other Interpretive Provisions ........................................................................................ 53 1.03 Accounting Terms; Changes in GAAP; Pro Forma Treatment ................................. 54 1.04 Rounding.......................................................................................................................... 55 1.05 Times of Day .................................................................................................................... 55 1.06 Letter of Credit Amounts ............................................................................................... 55 1.07 Interest Rates ................................................................................................................... 55 1.08 UCC Terms ..................................................................................................................... 56 ARTICLE II COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT EXTENSIONS .............................................................. 56 2.01 Loans ................................................................................................................................ 56 2.02 Borrowings, Conversions and Continuations of Loans ............................................... 56 2.03 Letters of Credit. ............................................................................................................. 58 2.04 Swingline Loans. ............................................................................................................. 67 2.05 Prepayments .................................................................................................................... 69 2.06 Termination or Reduction of Commitments ................................................................ 71 2.07 Repayment of Loans ....................................................................................................... 71 2.08 Interest and Default Rate ............................................................................................... 71 2.09 Fees ................................................................................................................................... 72 2.10 Computation of Interest and Fees; Retroactive Adjustments of Applicable Rate .................................................................................................................................. 72 2.11 Evidence of Debt ............................................................................................................. 73 2.12 Payments Generally; Administrative Agent’s Clawback ............................................ 73 2.13 Sharing of Payments by Lenders. .................................................................................. 75 2.14 Cash Collateral. ............................................................................................................... 76 2.15 Defaulting Lenders. ........................................................................................................ 77 2.16 Increase in Facility. ......................................................................................................... 79 ARTICLE III TAXES, YIELD PROTECTION AND ILLEGALITY ....................................................... 81 3.01 Taxes. ............................................................................................................................... 81 3.02 Illegality ........................................................................................................................... 85 3.03 Inability to Determine Rates .......................................................................................... 85 3.04 Increased Costs ............................................................................................................... 87 3.05 Compensation for Losses ................................................................................................ 89 3.06 Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders. ....................................................... 89 3.07 Survival ............................................................................................................................ 89 ARTICLE IV CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO CREDIT EXTENSIONS .............................................. 90 4.01 Conditions of Initial Credit Extension .......................................................................... 90 4.02 Conditions to all Credit Extensions ............................................................................... 92 4.03 Conditions to Borrowing Base Inclusion ........................................................................... 93 ARTICLE V REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES ..................................................................... 99 5.01 Existence, Qualification and Power ............................................................................... 99 5.02 Authorization; No Contravention ................................................................................. 99 5.03 Governmental Authorization; Other Consents ............................................................ 99 5.04 Binding Effect. ................................................................................................................. 99 5.05 Financial Statements; No Material Adverse Effect ................................................... 100 #4869-8209-4807v13 5.06 Litigation........................................................................................................................ 100 5.07 No Default ...................................................................................................................... 100 5.08 Ownership of Property ................................................................................................. 100 5.09 Environmental Matters ................................................................................................ 101 5.10 Insurance ....................................................................................................................... 101 5.11 Taxes .............................................................................................................................. 101 5.12 ERISA Compliance ....................................................................................................... 101 5.13 Margin Regulations; Investment Company Act ........................................................ 102 5.14 Disclosure ....................................................................................................................... 102 5.15 Compliance with Laws ................................................................................................. 103 5.16 Solvency ......................................................................................................................... 103 5.17 Casualty, Etc .................................................................................................................. 103 5.18 Sanctions Concerns and Anti-Corruption Laws ........................................................ 103 5.19 Subsidiaries; Equity Interests; Loan Parties ............................................................. 103 5.20 Collateral Representations ........................................................................................... 104 5.21 EEA Financial Institutions ........................................................................................... 104 5.22 Covered Entities ............................................................................................................ 104 5.23 Beneficial Ownership Certification ............................................................................ 105 5.24 Regulation H .................................................................................................................. 105 5.25 Leases, Engines and Equipment .................................................................................. 105 5.26 Cape Town Convention ................................................................................................ 105 5.27 Depreciation Policies ..................................................................................................... 106 5.28 Outstanding Preferred Stock ....................................................................................... 106 5.29 Eligible Engines and Equipment ................................................................................. 106 5.30 Preservation of International Interests ....................................................................... 106 ARTICLE VI AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS ....................................................................................... 106 6.01 Financial Statements ..................................................................................................... 106 6.02 Certificates; Other Information .................................................................................. 107 6.03 Notices and Information ............................................................................................... 108 6.04 Payment of Obligations ................................................................................................ 110 6.05 Preservation of Existence, Etc ..................................................................................... 110 6.06 Maintenance of Properties ........................................................................................... 110 6.07 Maintenance of Insurance ............................................................................................ 110 6.08 Compliance with Laws ................................................................................................. 112 6.09 Books and Records ........................................................................................................ 112 6.10 Inspection Rights ........................................................................................................... 112 6.11 Use of Proceeds .............................................................................................................. 112 6.12 Appraisals ...................................................................................................................... 112 6.13 Joinder of Loan Parties ................................................................................................ 112 6.14 Anti-Corruption Laws; Sanctions. .............................................................................. 113 6.15 Further Assurances ....................................................................................................... 113 6.16 Maintenance of WEST, the Administrative Agent Agreements and the WEST Servicing Agreements....................................................................................... 114 6.17 Maintenance of Current Depreciation Policies .......................................................... 114 6.18 Addition of Collateral; Certain Collateral Matters ................................................... 114 6.19 International Registry .................................................................................................. 115 ARTICLE VII NEGATIVE COVENANTS ............................................................................................. 115 7.01 Liens ............................................................................................................................... 115 7.02 Indebtedness .................................................................................................................. 116 7.03 Investments .................................................................................................................... 117 #4869-8209-4807v13 7.04 Mergers .......................................................................................................................... 118 7.05 Restricted Payments ..................................................................................................... 118 7.06 Change in Nature of Business ...................................................................................... 119 7.07 No Adverse Selection .................................................................................................... 119 7.08 Transactions with Affiliates ......................................................................................... 119 7.09 Specified Real Property Double Negative Pledge Covenant ..................................... 119 7.10 Use of Proceeds .............................................................................................................. 119 7.11 Financial Covenants ..................................................................................................... 120 7.12 Amendments of Organization Documents. ................................................................. 120 7.13 Sale and Leaseback Transactions ................................................................................ 120 7.14 Preferred Stock ............................................................................................................. 120 7.15 Payment of Subordinated Obligations ........................................................................ 120 7.16 Cancellation or Amendment, Etc. of Indebtedness ................................................... 121 7.17 Sanctions ........................................................................................................................ 121 7.18 Anti-Corruption Laws .................................................................................................. 121 7.19 No Liens on WEST Subsidiaries .................................................................................. 121 7.20 Subordination of Fees ................................................................................................... 121 7.21 Maintenance of the Borrowing Base ........................................................................... 121 ARTICLE VIII EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES .................................................................. 121 8.01 Events of Default ........................................................................................................... 121 8.02 Remedies upon Event of Default ................................................................................. 124 8.03 Application of Funds .................................................................................................... 125 ARTICLE IX THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT .................................................................................. 126 9.01 Appointment and Authority ........................................................................................ 126 9.02 Rights as a Lender ........................................................................................................ 127 9.03 Exculpatory Provisions ................................................................................................. 127 9.04 Reliance by Administrative Agent ............................................................................... 128 9.05 Delegation of Duties ...................................................................................................... 128 9.06 Resignation of Administrative Agent .......................................................................... 129 9.07 Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders ..................................... 130 9.08 No Other Duties, Etc ..................................................................................................... 131 9.09 Administrative Agent May File Proofs of Claim; Credit Bidding ............................ 131 9.10 Collateral and Guaranty Matters ................................................................................ 132 9.11 Secured Hedge Agreements ......................................................................................... 133 9.12 Certain ERISA Matters. ............................................................................................... 133 9.13 Recovery of Erroneous Payments ................................................................................ 134 ARTICLE X CONTINUING GUARANTY ............................................................................................ 135 10.01 Guaranty ........................................................................................................................ 135 10.02 Rights of Lenders .......................................................................................................... 135 10.03 Certain Waivers ............................................................................................................ 135 10.04 Obligations Independent .............................................................................................. 136 10.05 Subrogation ................................................................................................................... 136 10.06 Termination; Reinstatement ........................................................................................ 136 10.07 Stay of Acceleration ...................................................................................................... 136 10.08 Condition of Borrower ................................................................................................. 137 10.09 Appointment of Borrower ............................................................................................ 137 10.10 Right of Contribution ................................................................................................... 137 10.11 Keepwell ......................................................................................................................... 137 10.12 Limitation of Guaranty ................................................................................................ 137


 
#4869-8209-4807v13 ARTICLE XI MISCELLANEOUS .......................................................................................................... 138 11.01 Amendments, Etc .......................................................................................................... 138 11.02 Notices; Effectiveness; Electronic Communications .................................................. 140 11.03 No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies; Enforcement ...................................................... 142 11.04 Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver ....................................................................... 143 11.05 Payments Set Aside ....................................................................................................... 145 11.06 Successors and Assigns ................................................................................................. 145 11.07 Treatment of Certain Information; Confidentiality. ................................................. 150 11.08 Right of Setoff ................................................................................................................ 151 11.09 Interest Rate Limitation ............................................................................................... 152 11.10 Integration; Effectiveness. ............................................................................................ 152 11.11 Survival of Representations and Warranties ............................................................. 152 11.12 Severability .................................................................................................................... 153 11.13 Replacement of Lenders ............................................................................................... 153 11.14 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Etc. .............................................................................. 154 11.15 Waiver of Jury Trial. .................................................................................................... 155 11.16 Subordination ................................................................................................................ 155 11.17 No Advisory or Fiduciary Responsibility. .................................................................. 156 11.18 Electronic Execution; Electronic Records; Counterparts ......................................... 156 11.19 USA Patriot Act Notice ................................................................................................. 157 11.20 Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of Affected Financial Institutions ..................................................................................................................... 158 11.21 Acknowledgement Regarding Any Supported QFCs. ............................................... 158 #4869-8209-4807v13 THE BORROWER PREPARED SCHEDULES Schedule 1.01(c) Competitors Schedule 5.09 Environmental Matters Schedule 5.12 Pension Plans Schedule 5.19(a) Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures, Partnerships and Other Equity Investments Schedule 5.19(b) Loan Parties Schedule 5.20(b) Pledged Equity Schedule 5.20(c) Specified Real Properties Schedule 5.27 Depreciation Policies Schedule 5.28 Preferred Stock Schedule 5.29 Eligible Engines and Equipment Schedule 7.01 Existing Liens Schedule 7.02 Existing Indebtedness and Guaranteed Indebtedness Schedule 7.03 Existing Investments THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT PREPARED SCHEDULES Schedule 1.01(a) Certain Addresses for Notices Schedule 1.01(b) Initial Commitments and Applicable Percentages Schedule 2.01 Swingline Commitments Schedule 2.03 Letter of Credit Commitments EXHIBITS Exhibit A Form of Administrative Questionnaire Exhibit B Form of Assignment and Assumption Exhibit C Form of Compliance Certificate Exhibit D Form of Joinder Agreement Exhibit E-1 Form of Loan Notice Exhibit E-2 Form of Swingline Loan Notice Exhibit F Form of Master Mortgage and Security Agreement Exhibit G Form of Master Beneficial Interest Pledge Agreement Exhibit H Form of Master Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement Exhibit I Form of Leasing Subsidiary Security Agreement Exhibit J Form of Master Owner Trustee Guaranty Exhibit K Forms of Trust Agreement Exhibit L Form of Officer’s Certificate Exhibit M Form of Placard Exhibit N Form of Borrowing Base Certificate Exhibit O Forms of US Tax Compliance Certificates Exhibit P Form of Revolving Note Exhibit Q Form of Secured Party Designation Notice Exhibit R Form of Solvency Certificate Exhibit S Form of Authorization to Share Insurance Information Exhibit T Form of Notice of Loan Prepayment Exhibit U Form of Funding Indemnity Letter Exhibit V Form of Notice of Additional L/C Issuer #4869-8209-4807v13 CREDIT AGREEMENT This CREDIT AGREEMENT is entered into as of October 31, 2024, among WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors (defined herein), the Lenders (defined herein), BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Agent, the Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers (each as defined herein), from time to time party hereto. PRELIMINARY STATEMENTS: WHEREAS, the Borrower is in the business of purchasing and leasing aircraft and aircraft engines and other related equipment, and has requested that Lenders, the Swing Line Lender and the L/C Issuers provide the Borrower with a revolving line of credit in an amount equal to the Revolving Commitment to be used by the Borrower for, among other things, refinancing the loans outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement, paying fees and expenses in connection with the refinancing of the Existing Credit Agreement and in connection with this Agreement and for its general corporate purposes, including purchase, refinancing or financing aircraft and airplane engines and other related equipment. WHEREAS, the Lenders are willing to extend such a revolving line of credit and make such loans and other financial accommodations available to the Borrower, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties hereto covenant and agree as follows: ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND ACCOUNTING TERMS 1.01 Defined Terms. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below: “ABS Financing” means, with respect to any Person, any financing transaction or series of financing transactions pursuant to which such Person or any Subsidiary of such Person may sell, convey or otherwise transfer, or grant a security interest in assets, including accounts, payments, receivables, rights to future lease payments or residuals or similar rights to payment relating to such assets to a special purpose Subsidiary or Affiliate of such Person in which such Subsidiary or Affiliate incurs Non-Recourse Debt secured by such assets; provided that the sale, conveyance or transfer or grant of a security interest in assets that are not of a type permitted to be included in the Borrowing Base shall not constitute an ABS Financing. “Acceptable Airframe Class” means an aircraft or Airframe that is compatible with at least one type of any of the following types of engines: (i) Stage III compliant jet propulsion engines manufactured by an Acceptable Engine Manufacturer or (ii) auxiliary power units or Regional Engines. “Acceptable Engine Manufacturer” means any of General Electric Company, Safran (formerly, Snecma), CFM International, Pratt & Whitney, Rolls-Royce, International Aero Engines and any other aircraft engine manufacturer approved by the Administrative Agent in the exercise of its reasonable discretion. 2 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Acceptable Generator Manufacturer” means any of GE Vernova, Siemens, Rolls-Royce, Mitsubishi Power, Pratt & Whitney or Zorya-Mashproekt. “Acceptable Lien” means a Lien that is in favor of the Collateral Agent which such use of such Lien will be subject to the Collateral Agent’s sole discretion. “Acquisition” means the acquisition by any Person, in a single transaction or in a series of related transactions, of either (x) all or any substantial portion of the property of, or a line of business, division or operating group of, another Person or (y) at least a majority of the Voting Stock of another Person, in each case whether or not involving a merger or consolidation with such other Person. “Additional Secured Obligations” means (a) all obligations arising under Secured Hedge Agreements and (b) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with enforcement and collection of the foregoing, including the fees, charges and disbursements of counsel, in each case whether direct or indirect (including those acquired by assumption), absolute or contingent, due or to become due, now existing or hereafter arising and including interest, expenses and fees that accrue after the commencement by or against any Loan Party or any Affiliate thereof of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Laws naming such Person as the debtor in such proceeding, regardless of whether such interest, expenses and fees are allowed claims in such proceeding; provided that Additional Secured Obligations of a Guarantor shall exclude any Excluded Swap Obligations with respect to such Guarantor. “Adjusted Base Value” means, with respect to an Engine, such Engine’s Base Value, adjusted for the actual maintenance status of such Engine, but without regard to any Lease, Maintenance Reserve Payments, Security Deposits or other related assets. “Administrative Agent” means Bank of America in its capacity as the Administrative Agent or “Collateral Agent”, as the context may require, under any of the Loan Documents, or any successor Administrative Agent or Collateral Agent, as applicable. “Administrative Agent’s Office” means the Administrative Agent’s address and, as appropriate, account as set forth on Schedule 1.01(a), or such other address or account as the Administrative Agent may from time to time notify the Borrower and the Lenders. “Administrative Questionnaire” means an Administrative Questionnaire in substantially the form of Exhibit A or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent. “Affected Financial Institution” means (a) any EEA Financial Institution or (b) any UK Financial Institution. “Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, another Person that, directly or indirectly, Controls, or is Controlled by or is under common Control with such other Person. For the purpose of this definition, “Control” or “Controlled” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of its management or policies, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, “Affiliate” shall not include Carbon Shift LLC, WMES or CWEL. “Agent” means the Administrative Agent and/or the Collateral Agent, as applicable, and “Agents” means, collectively, the Administrative Agent and the Collateral Agent. “Aggregate Commitments” means the Commitments of all the Lenders.


 
3 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Agreement” means this Credit Agreement, including all schedules, exhibits and annexes hereto. “Airframe” means the remaining parts of an aircraft, less its Engines. “Applicable Law” means, as to any Person, all applicable Laws binding upon such Person or to which such a Person is subject. “Applicable Percentage” means, with respect to any Lender at any time, the percentage (carried out to the ninth decimal place) of the Facility represented by such Lender’s Revolving Commitment at such time, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 2.15(a). If the Commitment of all of the Lenders to make Revolving Loans and the obligation of the L/C Issuers to make L/C Credit Extensions have been terminated pursuant to Section 8.02, or if the Revolving Commitments have expired, then the Applicable Percentage of each Lender in respect of the Facility shall be determined based on the Applicable Percentage of such Lender in respect of the Facility most recently in effect, giving effect to any subsequent assignments and to any Lender’s status as a Defaulting Lender at the time of determination. The Applicable Percentage of each Lender in respect of each Facility is set forth opposite the name of such Lender on Schedule 1.01(b) or in the Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which such Lender becomes a party hereto or in any documentation executed by such Lender pursuant to Section 2.16, as applicable. “Applicable Rate” means, for any day, the rate per annum set forth below opposite the applicable Level then in effect (based on the Leverage Ratio), it being understood that the Applicable Rate for (a) Revolving Loans that are Base Rate Loans shall be the percentage set forth under the column “Base Rate”, (b) Revolving Loans that are Term SOFR Loans shall be the percentage set forth under the column “Term SOFR & Letter of Credit Fee” and (c) the Letter of Credit Fee shall be the percentage set forth under the column “Term SOFR & Letter of Credit Fee” and (d) the Applicable Unused Line Fee Percentage shall be the percentage set forth under the column “Applicable Unused Line Fee Percentage”. Applicable Rate Pricing Level Leverage Ratio Term SOFR & Letter of Credit Fee Base Rate Applicable Unused Line Fee Percentage 1 ≥ 3.75x 2.500% 1.500% 0.350% 2 ≥ 3.25x and < 3.75x 2.250% 1.250% 0.300% 3 ≥ 2.75x and < 3.25x 2.000% 1.000% 0.250% 4 < 2.75x 1.750% 0.750% 0.200% Any increase or decrease in the Applicable Rate resulting from a change in the Leverage Ratio shall become effective as of the first Business Day immediately following the date a Compliance Certificate is delivered pursuant to Section 6.02(a); provided, however, that if a Compliance Certificate is not delivered when due in accordance with Section 6.02(a), then, upon the request of the Required Lenders, Pricing Level 1 shall apply, in each case as of the first Business Day after the date on which such Compliance Certificate was required to have been delivered and in each case shall remain in effect until the first Business Day following the date on which such Compliance Certificate is delivered. In addition, at all times while the Default Rate is in effect, the highest rate set forth in each column of the Applicable Rate shall apply. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this definition, the initial Applicable Rate shall be set at Pricing Level 1 until the first Business Day immediately following the date the annual 4 #4869-8209-4807v13 financials for fiscal year ending December 31, 2024 are delivered pursuant to Section 6.01(a), together with a Compliance Certificate pursuant to Section 6.02(a) to the Administrative Agent. Any adjustment in the Applicable Rate shall be applicable to all Credit Extensions then existing or subsequently made or issued. “Applicable Revolving Percentage” means with respect to any Lender at any time, such Lender’s Applicable Percentage in respect of the Facility at such time. “Applicable Unused Line Fee Percentage” means the percentage determined by reference to the table labeled Applicable Rate in the “Applicable Rate” definition under the heading of Applicable Unused Line Fee Percentage in the definition of Applicable Rate of this Agreement. “Appraisal” means (i) with respect to an Engine or an item of Equipment, a “desktop appraisal” (i.e., an appraisal of the value of a particular engine or equipment type, which is rendered without a physical inspection of such Engine or Equipment and its related records), or, if a Default or Event of Default exists and is continuing, such other type of appraisal as shall be required by the Collateral Agent, including an “extended desktop appraisal” (i.e., an appraisal of the Engine or Equipment considering its maintenance status, but which is rendered without any visual inspection of such Engine or Equipment) or a “full appraisal” (which does include a visual inspection), of an Engine or Equipment to determine the Appraised Value of such Engine or Equipment, performed by an Appraiser retained by the Collateral Agent on behalf of the Lenders; (ii) with respect to Specified Real Properties, an MAI appraisal of the value thereof, determined on an “as-is” market value basis, or the equivalent thereof in the relevant jurisdiction to the extent such Specified Real Property is located in a jurisdiction other than the United States; and (iii) with respect to Specified Vessel, an appraisal of the value thereof, determined on an “as-is” market value basis, in form, substance and content satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. “Appraisal Deficiency” means, as of any date of determination, the amount, if any, by which (i) the aggregate Net Book Value of all Eligible Engines, Eligible Equipment, Eligible Saleable Assets, and Eligible Specified Assets, in each case, included in the Borrowing Base exceeds (ii) the sum of the most recent Appraised Values of the foregoing, or, with respect to Parts included in the Borrowing Base in respect of which the Administrative Agent has not requested an Appraisal, the Net Book Value thereof (calculated in the case of both (i) and (ii) by multiplying such values times the applicable advance percentage specified therefor). “Appraised Value” means, (i) with respect to an Engine, the Adjusted Base Value of such Engine, as determined in the most recent Appraisal, (ii) with respect to Equipment, the Equipment Market Value or Parts Market Value, as the case may be, of such Equipment, as determined in the most recent Appraisal, and (iii) with respect to a Specified Asset, the value determined in the most recent Appraisal for such Specified Asset. “Appraiser” means (i) with respect to Equipment and Engines, IBA Group Ltd., or any other independent appraiser that is a member of the International Society of Transport Aircraft Trading (“ISTAT”) or, if ISTAT ceases to exist, any similar professional aircraft appraiser organization and that in each case (other than IBA Group Ltd.) is acceptable to the Administrative Agent, and (ii) with respect to any Specified Assets, an independent, licensed appraiser that is selected by the Administrative Agent in consultation with the Borrower. “Appropriate Lender” means, at any time, (a) with respect to the Facility, a Lender that has a Commitment with respect to such Facility or holds a Loan under such Facility at such time, (b) with respect to the Letter of Credit Sublimit, (i) the L/C Issuers and (ii) if any Letters of Credit have been issued pursuant to Section 2.03, the Lenders and (c) with respect to the Swingline Sublimit, (i) the Swingline Lender and (ii) if any Swingline Loans are outstanding pursuant to Section 2.04(a), the Lenders. 5 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Approved Fund” means any Fund that is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender or (c) an entity or an Affiliate of an entity that administers or manages a Lender. “APU” means an auxiliary power unit, capable of being installed on an aircraft, to start the main engines, usually with compressed air, and to provide electrical power and air conditioning while the aircraft is on the ground and, in certain cases, in the air. “Arranger” means Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as lead arranger. “Assignment and Assumption” means an assignment and assumption entered into by a Lender and an Eligible Assignee (with the consent of any party whose consent is required by Section 11.06(b)), and accepted by the Administrative Agent, in substantially the form of Exhibit B or any other form (including an electronic documentation form generated by use of an electronic platform) approved by the Administrative Agent. “Attributable Indebtedness” means, on any date, (a) in respect of any Capitalized Lease of any Person, the capitalized amount thereof that would appear on a balance sheet of such Person prepared as of such date in accordance with GAAP, (b) in respect of any Synthetic Lease Obligation, the capitalized amount of the remaining lease or similar payments under the relevant lease or other applicable agreement or instrument that would appear on a balance sheet of such Person prepared as of such date in accordance with GAAP if such lease or other agreement or instrument were accounted for as a Capitalized Lease, (c) all Synthetic Debt of such Person and (d) in respect of any Sale and Leaseback Transaction, the present value (discounted in accordance with GAAP at the debt rate implied in the applicable lease) of the obligations of the lessee for rental payments during the term of such lease. “Audited Financial Statements” means the audited Consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and the related Consolidated statements of income or operations, Shareholders’ Equity and cash flows for such fiscal year of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, including the notes thereto. “Authorization to Share Insurance Information” means the authorization substantially in the form of Exhibit S (or such other form as required by each of the Loan Party’s insurance companies). “Authorized Signatory” means (a) the chairman of the board and chief executive officer, (b) the president, (c) the senior vice president and chief financial officer (or interim chief financial officer) and (d) any executive or senior vice president, in each case of the Borrower, and solely with respect to (i) Loan Notices, (ii) Borrowing Base Certificates, (iii) Compliance Certificates, (iv) Letter of Credit Applications, (v) Chattel Paper Certificates and (vi) Swingline Loan Notices, each person listed above in clauses (a) through (d) and the treasurer of the Borrower. “Availability Period” means in respect of the Facility, the period from and including the Closing Date to the earliest of (i) the Maturity Date for the Facility, (ii) the date of termination of the Commitments pursuant to Section 2.06, and (iii) the date of termination of the Commitment of each Lender to make Revolving Loans, of the Swingline Lender to make Swingline Loans and of the obligation of the L/C Issuers to make L/C Credit Extensions pursuant to Section 8.02. “Aviation Authority” means the FAA, the EASA and/or any other Governmental Authority which, from time to time, has control or supervision of civil aviation or has jurisdiction over the airworthiness, operation and/or maintenance of Eligible Equipment, Eligible Engines or Eligible Saleable Assets. 6 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Bail-In Action” means the exercise of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by the applicable Resolution Authority in respect of any liability of an Affected Financial Institution. “Bail-In Legislation” means, (a) with respect to any EEA Member Country implementing Article 55 of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, the implementing law, rule, regulation or requirement for such EEA Member Country from time to time which is described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule, and (b) with respect to the United Kingdom, Part I of the United Kingdom Banking Act 2009 (as amended from time to time) and any other law, regulation or rule applicable in the United Kingdom relating to the resolution of unsound or failing banks, investment firms or other financial institutions or their affiliates (other than through liquidation, administration or other insolvency proceedings). “Bank of America” means Bank of America, N.A. and its successors. “Base Rate” means for any day a fluctuating rate of interest per annum equal to the highest of (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (b) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its “prime rate,” and (c) Term SOFR plus 1.00%, subject to the interest rate floors set forth therein; provided that if the Base Rate shall be less than zero, such rate shall be deemed zero for purposes of this Agreement. The “prime rate” is a rate set by Bank of America based upon various factors including Bank of America’s costs and desired return, general economic conditions and other factors, and is used as a reference point for pricing some loans, which may be priced at, above, or below such announced rate. Any change in such prime rate announced by Bank of America shall take effect at the opening of business on the day specified in the public announcement of such change. If the Base Rate is being used as an alternate rate of interest pursuant to Section 3.03, then the Base Rate shall be the greater of clauses (a) and (b) above and shall be determined without reference to clause (c) above. “Base Rate Loan” means a Revolving Loan that bears interest based on the Base Rate. “Base Value” means, with respect to an Engine, an Appraiser’s opinion of the underlying economic value of an Engine in an open, unrestricted, stable market environment with a reasonable balance of supply and demand, and assumes full consideration of its “highest and best use.” An Engine’s Base Value is founded in the historical trend of values and in the projection of value trends and presumes an arm’s-length, cash transaction between willing and knowledgeable parties, acting prudently, with an absence of duress and with a reasonable period of time for marketing. Base Value typically assumes that an engine’s physical condition is average for an engine of its type and age, and its maintenance time status is at mid-life, mid- time (or benefiting from an above-average maintenance status if new). “Beneficial Interest” means a beneficial interest in a trust which owns one or more Engines or items of Equipment. “Beneficial Interest Pledge Agreements” means each Master Beneficial Interest Pledge Agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit G with such modifications thereto approved by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion, as each may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, entered into by the Borrower (or its Restricted Subsidiary, if applicable), the applicable Owner Trustee, and the Collateral Agent, whereby the Borrower (or its Restricted Subsidiary, if applicable) pledges to the Collateral Agent all of its right, title and interest in the Beneficial Interest under each applicable Trust Agreement with such Owner Trustee. “Beneficial Ownership Certification” means a certification regarding beneficial ownership required by the Beneficial Ownership Regulation.


 
7 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Beneficial Ownership Regulation” means 31 C.F.R. § 1010.230. “Benefit Plan” means any of (a) an “employee benefit plan” (as defined in ERISA) that is subject to Title I of ERISA, (b) a “plan” as defined in and subject to Section 4975 of the Code or (c) any Person whose assets include (for purposes of ERISA Section 3(42) or otherwise for purposes of Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) the assets of any such “employee benefit plan” or “plan”. “BHC Act Affiliate” of a party means an “affiliate” (as such term is defined under, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. 1841(k)) of such party. “Borrower” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph hereto. “Borrower Materials” has the meaning specified in Section 6.02. “Borrowing” means a Revolving Borrowing or a Swingline Borrowing, as the context may require. “Borrowing Base” means, at any time, an amount equal to the sum of the following (without duplication), as shall be determined by the Administrative Agent based on the Borrowing Base Certificate most recently delivered by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent and on other information available to the Administrative Agent: (a) eighty five percent (85%) of the Net Book Value of Eligible Engines that have not been Off-Lease for a period of greater than one hundred eighty (180) days as of the date of determination; plus (b) forty percent (40%) of the Net Book Value of all other Eligible Engines; plus (c) sixty percent (60%) of the Net Book Value of Eligible Equipment (other than Eligible Corporate Aircraft) that has not been Off-Lease for a period of greater than one hundred eighty (180) days as of the date of determination; plus (d) thirty percent (30%) of the Net Book Value of all other Eligible Equipment (other than Eligible Corporate Aircraft); plus (e) sixty five percent (65%) of the Net Book Value of Eligible Saleable Assets; plus (f) seventy five percent (75%) of the Net Book Value of Eligible Corporate Aircraft; plus (g) eighty five percent (85%) of the outstanding principal amount of each Eligible Loan Product; plus (h) fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding principal amount of each Eligible PDP Loan, not to exceed the PDP Advance Rate Limitation in respect of such Eligible PDP Loan; provided that, with respect to any Eligible PDP Loan, if (i) any default (howsoever defined) under any of the PDP Loan Documents applicable to such Eligible PDP Loan shall have occurred that entitled the relevant Loan Party to exercise step-in rights, (ii) such Loan Party has failed to exercise such step- in rights on or prior to the last date on which such step-in rights can be exercised under such PDP Loan Documents and (iii) the failure by such Loan Party to exercise such step-in rights results in a complete write-off to $0 of such Eligible PDP Loan, as reflected on the consolidated balance sheet 8 #4869-8209-4807v13 of the Borrower, the outstanding principal amount of Eligible PDP Loan shall be deemed to be zero (0); plus (i) sixty five percent (65%) of the Net Book Value of Eligible Specified Assets; provided that, in the event that if any Event of Default is continuing for more than ninety (90) days because any Specified Real Properties is not in compliance with Section 7.09, the Net Book Value of such Specified Real Properties shall be deemed to be zero (0). provided that all of the following conditions shall apply to the Borrowing Base: (I) Annual Appraisal. The Net Book Value of (a) all Eligible Engines, Eligible Equipment (excluding Eligible Parts but, for the avoidance of doubt, including Eligible Corporate Aircraft), Eligible Saleable Assets (excluding Parts that constitute Eligible Saleable Assets) and Eligible Specified Assets included in the Borrowing Base shall be adjusted annually and (b) if requested by the Administrative Agent, all Parts included in the Borrowing Base shall be adjusted annually, in each case based on the most recent Appraisal of such assets by an Appraiser, as set forth in Sections 6.12 or 6.03(g), as applicable, and the Borrower will be required, as set forth in Section 2.05(b), to pay down the Loans by the amount of any Appraisal Deficiency; and (II) Additional Conditions. The aggregate Margin Value of Eligible Engines, Eligible Equipment, Eligible Saleable Assets and Eligible Specified Assets included in the Borrowing Base (subject to the conditions and restrictions set forth in the definition of “Borrowing Base”) shall, collectively, comply with the following additional conditions: (i) Eligible Lease Limitation. If an Eligible Engine or an item of Eligible Equipment is subject to a Lease and to be included in the Borrowing Base under clauses (a), (b) or (c) above, the Eligible Engine or item of Eligible Equipment will be included in the Borrowing Base only if the applicable Lease is an Eligible Lease; (ii) Concentration Limitations. The following concentration limitations shall apply to the determination of the Borrowing Base: (A) the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of Eligible Saleable Assets shall not exceed 15% of the Borrowing Base; (B) the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of Eligible Engines and Eligible Equipment (other than Airframes and Eligible Corporate Aircraft) used on a single make and model of narrow-body aircraft shall not exceed 60% of the Borrowing Base; provided, the foregoing limitation shall not apply to any models within the 737 or A320 families of aircraft; (C) the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of Eligible Engines which are Regional Engines shall not exceed 25% of the Borrowing Base; (D) the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of Eligible Equipment that are Airframes (including regional airframes) shall not exceed 15% of the Borrowing Base; 9 #4869-8209-4807v13 (E) the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of Eligible Engines and Eligible Equipment (other than Eligible Corporate Aircraft) used on wide-body aircraft shall not exceed 50% of the Borrowing Base; (F) the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of Eligible Engines and Eligible Equipment subject to Leases to a single Lessee shall not exceed the following, as applicable: 25% of the Borrowing Base with respect to a Lessee under an Investment Grade Lease and 20% of the Borrowing Base for any other Lessee; (G) the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of Eligible Engines and Eligible Equipment (excluding Regional Engines, regional Airframes and Eligible Corporate Aircraft) which are Off-Lease shall not exceed 20% of the Borrowing Base; (H) the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the outstanding principal amount of Eligible Loan Products shall not exceed 20% of the Borrowing Base; (I) the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the outstanding principal amount of Eligible PDP Loans shall not exceed 5% of the Borrowing Base; (J) the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of Eligible Engines and Eligible Equipment subject to Leases to the Three Primary Lessees shall not exceed 40% of the Borrowing Base; and (L) the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of the Eligible Specified Assets and Eligible Corporate Aircraft shall not exceed the lesser of: (x) with respect to the contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of: (1) Eligible Specified Assets (excluding Generators), $25,000,000, (2) Generators, $25,000,000 and (3) Eligible Corporate Aircraft, $25,000,000; and (y) 10% of the Borrowing Base with respect to the sum total of the Margin Values of all Eligible Specified Assets and Eligible Corporate Aircraft, taken as a whole. (III) PDP Loan Revaluation Triggering Event. If at any time the relevant Loan Party’s purchase price calculated in accordance with the applicable PDP Direct Agreement for the relevant Underlying Asset, as such purchase price is projected as of the currently scheduled delivery date and calculated based on the facts and circumstances as of the date of determination, is greater than the projected market value of such Underlying Asset as reasonably determined by the Borrower as of such date, then, concurrently with the delivery of the next Compliance Certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 6.02(a), such PDP Loan’s contribution to the Borrowing Base shall be recalculated and written down to an amount equal to 50% of the value of the Eligible PDP Loan as reflected on the Borrower’s consolidated balance sheet for the fiscal quarter then ended and covered by such Compliance Certificate; (IV) PDP and Loan Product Maintenance of Security: To the extent the relevant Loan Party’s security interest in, perfection and/or priority over, each PDP Loan and related PDP Loan Documents or Loan Product and related Loan Product Documents included in the Borrowing Base pursuant to clause (g) or (h) above is non-existent or lapses, such PDP Loan’s 10 #4869-8209-4807v13 or Loan Product’s contribution to the Borrowing Base shall be zero percent (0%) of outstanding principal amount of such Eligible Loan Product or Eligible PDP Loan; and (V) Specified Real Properties Double Negative Pledge: To the extent any of the Specified Real Properties is subject to a Lien described in prong (q) of the definition of “Permitted Lien”, so long as such Lien remains on the relevant Specified Real Property, the contribution to the Borrowing Base of such Specified Real Property shall be zero percent (0%), provided that, to the extent such Lien is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted, the contribution to the Borrowing Base of such Specified Real Property shall be zero percent (0%) upon such Specified Real Property being subject to such Lien for more than sixty (60) days. “Borrowing Base Certificate” means the certificate, substantially in the form of Exhibit N attached hereto, executed from time to time by the Borrower. “Borrowing Base Deficiency” means, at any time, of the amount, if any, by which the aggregate amount of the Loans then outstanding exceeds the Borrowing Base. “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks are authorized to close under the Laws of, or are in fact closed in, the state where the Administrative Agent’s Office is located. “Cape Town Convention” means the official English language texts of the “Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment” and the “Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment” both of which were signed in Cape Town, South Africa on November 16, 2001, and including the Regulations for the International Registry and the Procedures for the International Registry, as promulgated thereunder and as amended, restated or supplemented from time to time. “Cape Town Eligible Lease” means those certain Leases which constitute International Interests under the Cape Town Convention. “Capitalized Lease” means any lease that has been or is required to be, in accordance with GAAP, recorded, classified and accounted for as a capitalized lease or financing lease; provided that any lease (or other arrangement) of such Person that is or would have been treated as an operating lease as determined in accordance with GAAP immediately prior to the issuance of the Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) by the Financial Accounting Standards Board shall not be treated as a capitalized lease under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, whether or not such obligations were in effect as of the date such update was issued and regardless of whether GAAP requires such obligations to be treated as capitalized lease obligations in the financial statements of such Person. “Cash Collateralize” means to pledge and deposit with or deliver to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of one or more of the L/C Issuers or Swingline Lender (as applicable) or the Lenders, as Collateral for L/C Obligations, the Obligations in respect of Swingline Loans, or obligations of the Lenders to fund participations in respect of L/C Obligations or Swingline Loans (as the context may require), (a) cash or deposit account balances, (b) backstop letters of credit entered into on terms, from issuers and in amounts satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the applicable L/C Issuers, and/or (c) if the Administrative Agent and the applicable L/C Issuers or Swingline Lender shall agree, in their sole discretion, other credit support, in each case, in Dollars and pursuant to documentation in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and such L/C Issuer or such Swingline Lender


 
11 #4869-8209-4807v13 (as applicable). “Cash Collateral” shall have a meaning correlative to the foregoing and shall include the proceeds of such Cash Collateral and other credit support. “Cash Equivalents” means, when used in connection with any Person, that Person’s Investments in: (a) Government Securities due within one year after the date of the making of the Investment; (b) readily marketable direct obligations of any State of the United States of America or any political subdivision of any such State or any public agency or instrumentality thereof given on the date of such Investment a credit rating of at least AA by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or AA by Standard & Poor’s Rating Group (a division of McGraw Hill, Inc.), in each case due within one year from the making of the Investment; (c) certificates of deposit issued by, bank deposits in, Eurodollar deposits through, bankers’ acceptances of, and repurchase agreements covering Government Securities executed by Lender or any bank incorporated under the Applicable Laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia and having on the date of such Investment combined capital, surplus and undivided profits of at least $250,000,000, or total assets of at least $5,000,000,000, in each case due within one year after the date of the making of the Investment; (d) certificates of deposit issued by, bank deposits in, Eurodollar deposits through, bankers’ acceptances of, and repurchase agreements covering Government Securities executed by Lender or any branch or office located in the United States of America of a bank incorporated under the Applicable Laws of any jurisdiction outside the United States of America having on the date of such Investment combined capital, surplus and undivided profits of at least $500,000,000, or total assets of at least $15,000,000,000, in each case due within one year after the date of the making of the Investment; (e) repurchase agreements covering Government Securities executed by a broker or dealer registered under Section 15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, having on the date of the Investment capital of at least $50,000,000, due within ninety (90) days after the date of the making of the Investment; provided that the maker of the Investment receives written confirmation of the transfer to it of record ownership of the Government Securities on the books of a “primary dealer” in such Government Securities or on the books of such registered broker or dealer, as soon as practicable after the making of the Investment; (f) readily marketable commercial paper or other debt securities issued by corporations doing business in and incorporated under the Applicable Laws of the United States of America or any State thereof or of any corporation that is the holding company for a bank described in clause (c) or (d) above given on the date of such Investment a credit rating of at least P 1 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or A 1 by Standard & Poor’s Rating Group (a division of McGraw Hill, Inc.), in each case due within one year after the date of the making of the Investment; (g) “money market preferred stock” issued by a corporation incorporated under the Applicable Laws of the United States of America or any State thereof (i) given on the date of such Investment a credit rating of at least AA by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and AA by Standard & Poor’s Rating Group (a division of McGraw Hill, Inc.), in each case having an investment period not exceeding fifty (50) days or (ii) to the extent that investors therein have the benefit of a standby letter of credit issued by Lender or a bank described in clauses (c) or (d) above; provided that (y) 12 #4869-8209-4807v13 the amount of all such Investments issued by the same issuer does not exceed $5,000,000 and (z) the aggregate amount of all such Investments does not exceed $15,000,000; (h) a readily redeemable “money market mutual fund” sponsored by a bank described in clause (c) or (d) hereof, or a registered broker or dealer described in clause (e) hereof, that has and maintains an investment policy limiting its investments primarily to instruments of the types described in clauses (a) through (g) hereof and given on the date of such Investment a credit rating of at least AA by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and AA by Standard & Poor’s Rating Group (a division of McGraw Hill, Inc.); (i) corporate notes or bonds having an original term to maturity of not more than one year issued by a corporation incorporated under the Applicable Laws of the United States of America, or a participation interest therein; provided that (i) commercial paper issued by such corporation is given on the date of such Investment a credit rating of at least AA by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and AA by Standard & Poor’s Rating Group (a division of McGraw Hill, Inc.), (ii) the amount of all such Investments issued by the same issuer does not exceed $5,000,000 and (iii) the aggregate amount of all such Investments does not exceed $15,000,000; and (j) in the case of Investments made outside of the United States of America, Cash Equivalents shall also include (i) foreign currencies, (ii) investments of the type and maturity described in clauses (a) through (i) above of foreign obligors, which investments are reasonably appropriate in connection with any business conducted by Borrower or its Subsidiaries (as reasonably determined by Borrower in good faith) and which investments or obligors (or the parent companies of such obligors) have the ratings described in such clauses or equivalent ratings from S&P and Moody’s and (iii) other short term investments utilized by Borrower and its Subsidiaries in accordance with normal investment practices for cash management in such country in investments analogous to the investments described in the foregoing clauses (a) through (i) and in this paragraph and which are reasonably appropriate in connection with any business conducted by Borrower or its Subsidiaries in such country (as reasonably determined by Borrower in good faith). “Change in Law” means the occurrence, after the Closing Date, of any of the following: (a) the adoption or taking effect of any law, rule, regulation or treaty, (b) any change in any law, rule, regulation or treaty or in the administration, interpretation, implementation or application thereof by any Governmental Authority or (c) the making or issuance of any request, rule, guideline or directive (whether or not having the force of law) by any Governmental Authority; provided that notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (i) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, guidelines or directives thereunder or issued in connection therewith or in the implementation thereof and (ii) all requests, rules, guidelines or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the United States or foreign regulatory authorities, in each case pursuant to Basel III, shall in each case be deemed to be a “Change in Law”, regardless of the date enacted, adopted, issued or implemented. “Change of Control” means (i) any transaction or series of related transactions in which any Unrelated Person or two or more Unrelated Persons acting in concert acquire beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d 3(a)(1) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the voting power of all of the outstanding capital stock of the Borrower or (ii) the Borrower consolidates with or merges into another Person or conveys, transfers or leases all or substantially all of its assets to any Person or any Person consolidates with or merges into the Borrower, in either event pursuant to a transaction in which the ownership interests in the Borrower are changed into or exchanged for cash, securities or other property, with the effect that any Unrelated Person acquires 13 #4869-8209-4807v13 beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the voting power of all the outstanding capital stock of the Borrower or that the Persons who were the holders of the voting power of all the outstanding capital stock of the Borrower immediately prior to the transaction hold less than 50% of the interests of the surviving entity after the transaction. For purposes of the foregoing, the term “Unrelated Person” means any Person other than (1) the Borrower or an Affiliate or Subsidiary of the Borrower, (2) an employee stock ownership plan or other employee benefit plan covering the employees of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, or (3) each of Charles F. Willis IV and Austin Willis, any member of each of their respective immediate families, and each of their respective Affiliates, trusts, family limited partnerships or heirs. “Chattel Paper” means all “chattel paper,” as such term is defined in the UCC, now owned or hereafter acquired by any Person, wherever located, but excluding Leases. “Chattel Paper Certificate” means a certificate of an Authorized Signatory of the Borrower stating that either no chattel paper was created with respect to the relevant Lease or that after due inquiry the Borrower is unable to locate after reasonable diligence such chattel paper original. “Closing Date” means the date hereof. “CME” means CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited. “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. “Collateral” means, to the extent set forth and more specifically defined in the Collateral Documents, all right, title and interest of the Borrower and the Guarantors (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, the Excluded Subsidiaries) in and to the following assets and properties, whether now existing or owned or hereafter acquired: (a) the Borrower’s 100% beneficial ownership interest in (i) the individual ownership trusts that exist as of the Closing Date which own any Equipment, Engines, Specified Assets or other similar assets that are included in the Borrowing Base and (ii) future ownership trusts to the extent such trust is holding any Equipment, Engines, Specified Assets or other similar assets that are included in the Borrowing Base; (b) the ownership interests in Domestic Subsidiaries that are Guarantors and 65% of the ownership interests in any Foreign Subsidiaries that are Guarantors (excluding for the avoidance of doubt, Excluded Subsidiaries unless otherwise stated in this Agreement); (c) all Equipment, Engines, Specified Assets, PDP Loans, Loan Products, PDP Loan Documents, Loan Product Documents and other assets that are owned by any Loan Party and included in the Borrowing Base; and (d) 100% of Free Flow Cash and each Free Flow Cash Collateral Account. For the avoidance of doubt, the Collateral shall not include any, right, title or interest in, to or under the WEST Servicing Agreement or any other servicing agreement relating to an ABS Financing. “Collateral Agent” means that party mentioned in the introductory paragraph hereof, when such party is acting in its capacity as the Collateral Agent, security agent, security trustee or as trustee under any of the Loan Documents, or any successor the Collateral Agent. “Collateral Documents” means, collectively, the Pledge Agreement, the Mortgage and Security Agreements, the Beneficial Interest Pledge Agreement, the Generator Collateral Documents, the Specified Vessel Collateral Documents, the Specified Real Property Collateral Documents (if applicable), each Local Law Stock Pledge Agreement (if applicable) and each of the collateral assignments, security agreements, pledge agreements or other similar agreements delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 6.18, and each of the other agreements, instruments or documents that creates or purports to create a Lien, including Acceptable Liens, in favor of the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties. 14 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Commitment” means a Revolving Commitment or a Swingline Commitment. “Commodity Exchange Act” means the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. § 1 et seq.), as amended from time to time, and any successor statute. “Communication” means this Agreement, any Loan Document and any document, any amendment, approval, consent, information, notice, certificate, request, statement, disclosure or authorization related to any Loan Document. “Competitor” means shall mean any of the following Persons: (a) any Person (other than the Borrower and its Affiliates) engaged in, or which has an Affiliate engaged in, the business of manufacturing Airframes or Engines, which business had consolidated revenues attributable to such business for such Persons and/or its Affiliates, as the case may be, in the most recently completed (in relation to the date of determination) fiscal year in excess of $250,000,000; provided that for purposes of this clause (a) a Person that is an investor that holds Airframes or Engines, or interests therein, on lease and/or for sale generating such level of revenue shall not be considered a Competitor if such other Airframes or Engines are serviced or otherwise managed by the Borrower or its Affiliates or by any other third-party which is independent of such investor; (b) any of the Persons set forth on Schedule 1.01(c), their respective successors and assigns and each of their respective Affiliates (and, if applicable, funds or accounts managed thereby or their Affiliates); or (c) any other Person (or wholly-owned Affiliate thereof, other than the Borrower and its Affiliates) which engages in business as an operating lessor of aircraft or engines and/or by tearing down aircraft or engines, which business had consolidated revenues attributable to such business for such Person and/or its Affiliates, as the case may be, in the most recently completed (in relation to the date of determination) fiscal year in excess of $250,000,000, provided that for purposes of this clause (c) a Person that is an investor that holds aircraft or engines, or interests therein, on lease and/or for sale generating such level of revenue shall not be considered a Competitor if such other aircraft or engines are serviced or otherwise managed either by the Borrower (or an Affiliate of the Borrower) or by any other third-party which is independent of such investor (provided that an investor that is a fund or account managed by such third party servicer or its Affiliate shall not be considered independent for this purpose); provided, however, that in no event shall a Person be deemed a Competitor solely due to the fact that such Person is a holder of any class of securities in a publicly traded company that is a Person described in clause (a) or (c) above, so long as such holdings do not result in such Person having control over such publicly traded company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Borrower may from time to time (a) remove a Person from the definition of Competitor by sending a notice of such removal to the Administrative Agent, or (b) add a Person to the definition of Competitor with the consent of the Required Lenders (not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed). “Compliance Certificate” means a certificate or certificates substantially in the form of Exhibit C executed by an Authorized Signatory of the Borrower. “Conforming Changes” means, with respect to the use, administration of or any conventions associated with SOFR or any proposed Successor Rate or Term SOFR, as applicable, any conforming changes to the definitions of “Base Rate”, “SOFR”, “Term SOFR” and “Interest Period”, timing and


 
15 #4869-8209-4807v13 frequency of determining rates and making payments of interest and other technical, administrative or operational matters (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the definitions of “Business Day” and “U.S. Government Securities Business Day”, timing of borrowing requests or prepayment, conversion or continuation notices and length of lookback periods) as may be appropriate, in the discretion of the Administrative Agent, to reflect the adoption and implementation of such applicable rate(s) and to permit the administration thereof by the Administrative Agent in a manner substantially consistent with market practice (or, if the Administrative Agent determines that adoption of any portion of such market practice is not administratively feasible or that no market practice for the administration of such rate exists, in such other manner of administration as the Administrative Agent determines is reasonably necessary in connection with the administration of this Agreement and any other Loan Document). “Connection Income Taxes” means Other Connection Taxes that are imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated) or that are franchise Taxes or branch profits Taxes. “Consolidated” means, when used with reference to financial statements or financial statement items of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries or any other Person, such statements or items on a consolidated basis in accordance with the consolidation principles of GAAP. “Consolidated EBITDA” means, for any Measurement Period, the sum of the following determined on a Consolidated basis, without duplication, for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP, (a) Net Income for the most recently completed Measurement Period plus (b) the following to the extent deducted in calculating such Net Income (without duplication): (i) Consolidated Interest Charges, (ii) the provision for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes payable, (iii) depreciation, amortization expense and Engine or Equipment write-downs of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for that period, (iv) the portion of payments received related to PDP Loans, Loan Products, leases classified as finance or sales- type leases or notes receivable (including failed sale-leasebacks) that are allocated as a repayment of the principal component thereunder, in each case as determined in accordance with GAAP, consistently applied, (v) equity-based or non-cash stock based compensation charges or expense, including any such charges or expenses arising from grants or vesting of stock appreciation or similar rights, stock options, restricted stock or other rights, (vi) non-cash charges, non-cash expenses, and non-cash losses in such period but only to the extent that, as of the applicable date of determination, (A) no cash payment has been made with respect thereto in a prior period (and such amount does not represent the amortization of any item that was paid in a prior period) and (B) the Borrower does not reasonably anticipate that cash payments will be made or be required to be made with respect thereto in any future period; (vii) extraordinary, unusual and non-recurring losses or expenses; (viii) fees and expenses and non-recurring charges, including severance and restructuring charges, and closing or consolidation expenses relating to businesses or locations thereof, incurred in connection with any reorganization, merger, consolidation, acquisition, Investment, disposition incurrence of Indebtedness or issuance of Equity Interests (whether or not any of the same shall close or be consummated) not prohibited by this Agreement; (ix) fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the execution and delivery of any Loan Documents (including refinancing of the Indebtedness under the Existing Credit Agreement on the Closing Date in connection therewith), or any amendment, modification or waiver thereof; (x) any non-recurring expenses, charges, accruals, reserves, transaction costs, fees, losses, expenses (including expenses for third party professional advisors) and intangibles (including those with respect to any amendment or waiver of loan documents governing Permitted Indebtedness or Indebtedness of any Excluded Subsidiary) payable, in each case, in connection with a Permitted Change of Control; less (c) without duplication and to the extent reflected as a gain or otherwise included in the calculation of Net Income for such period, (i) non-cash gains (excluding any such non-cash gains to the extent (A) there were cash gains with respect to such gains in past accounting periods or (B) there is a reasonable expectation that there will be cash gains with respect to such gains in future accounting periods); and (ii) extraordinary, unusual and non-recurring gains. 16 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Consolidated Interest Charges” means, for any Measurement Period, the total of (a) all interest, premium payments, debt discount, fees, charges and related expenses in connection with borrowed money (including capitalized interest and net payment obligations in cash pursuant to Swap Contracts and any obligations for fees, charges and related expenses payable in cash to the issuer of an letter of credit) or in connection with the deferred purchase price of assets, in each case to the extent treated as interest in accordance with GAAP, plus (b) all interest paid or payable with respect to discontinued operations, plus (c) the portion of rent expense under Capitalized Leases that is treated as interest in accordance with GAAP minus (d) the product of (i) the average balance of any WEST Restricted Proceeds during such fiscal period, multiplied by (ii) the average interest rate computed under Section 2.08 in effect during such Measurement Period, in each case, of or by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a Consolidated basis for the most recently completed Measurement Period. “Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio” means, as of any date of determination, the ratio of (a) Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently completed Measurement Period to (b) Consolidated Interest Charges, in each case, of or by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis for the most recently completed Measurement Period. “Contracting State” shall have the meaning given to such term under Article 4 of the Cape Town Convention. “Control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ability to exercise voting power, by contract or otherwise. “Controlling” and “Controlled” have meanings correlative thereto. “Corporate Aircraft” means any corporate use aircraft (including the Airframe, Engines and any Parts related to either of the foregoing) purchased from time to time and owned at the time it is proposed to be included in the Borrowing Base by an Equipment Owner. “Covered Entity” means any of the following: (a) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (b) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (c) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b). “Credit Extension” means each of the following: (a) a Borrowing and (b) an L/C Credit Extension. “CSA” means the 0.100% credit spread adjustment added to the Applicable Rate in the event the Borrower selects an interest period of either 1 month, 3 months or 6 months in connection with the borrowing of SOFR Loans. “CWEL” means CASC Willis Lease Finance Company Limited “Daily Simple SOFR” with respect to any applicable determination date means the SOFR published on such date on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s website (or any successor source). “Debtor Relief Laws” means the Bankruptcy Code of the United States, and all other liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy, assignment for the benefit of creditors, moratorium, rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief Laws of the United States or other applicable jurisdictions from time to time in effect. “Default” means any event or condition that constitutes an Event of Default or that, with the giving of any notice, the passage of time, or both, would be an Event of Default. 17 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Default Rate” means (a) with respect to any due and unpaid Obligation for which a rate is specified, a rate per annum equal to two percent (2%) in excess of the rate otherwise applicable thereto and (b) with respect to any due and unpaid Obligation for which a rate is not specified or available, a rate per annum equal to the Base Rate plus the Applicable Rate for Revolving Loans that are Base Rate Loans plus two percent (2%), in each case, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law. “Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable. “Defaulting Lender” means, subject to Section 2.15(b), any Lender that (a) has failed to (i) fund all or any portion of its Loans within two (2) Business Days of the date such Loans were required to be funded hereunder unless such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower in writing that such failure is the result of such Lender’s determination that one or more conditions precedent to funding (each of which conditions precedent, together with any applicable default, shall be specifically identified in such writing) has not been satisfied, or (ii) pay to the Administrative Agent, any L/C Issuer, the Swingline Lender or any other Lender any other amount required to be paid by it hereunder (including in respect of its participation in Letters of Credit or Swingline Loans) within two (2) Business Days of the date when due, (b) has notified the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, any L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender in writing that it does not intend to comply with its funding obligations hereunder, or has made a public statement to that effect (unless such writing or public statement relates to such Lender’s obligation to fund a Loan hereunder and states that such position is based on such Lender’s determination that a condition precedent to funding (which condition precedent, together with any applicable default, shall be specifically identified in such writing or public statement) cannot be satisfied), (c) has failed, within three (3) Business Days after written request by the Administrative Agent or the Borrower, to confirm in writing to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that it will comply with its prospective funding obligations hereunder (provided that such Lender shall cease to be a Defaulting Lender pursuant to this clause (c) upon receipt of such written confirmation by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower), or (d) has, or has a direct or indirect parent company that has, (i) become the subject of a proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law, (ii) had appointed for it a receiver, custodian, conservator, trustee, administrator, assignee for the benefit of creditors or similar Person charged with reorganization or liquidation of its business or assets, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other state or federal regulatory authority acting in such a capacity or (iii) become the subject of a Bail-In Action; provided that a Lender shall not be a Defaulting Lender solely by virtue of the ownership or acquisition of any Equity Interest in that Lender or any direct or indirect parent company thereof by a Governmental Authority so long as such ownership interest does not result in or provide such Lender with immunity from the jurisdiction of courts within the United States or from the enforcement of judgments or writs of attachment on its assets or permit such Lender (or such Governmental Authority) to reject, repudiate, disavow or disaffirm any contracts or agreements made with such Lender. Any determination by the Administrative Agent that a Lender is a Defaulting Lender under any one or more of clauses (a) through (d) above, and the effective date of such status, shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error, and such Lender shall be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender (subject to Section 2.15(b)) as of the date established therefor by the Administrative Agent in a written notice of such determination, which shall be delivered by the Administrative Agent to the Borrower, each L/C Issuer, the Swingline Lender and each other Lender promptly following such determination. “Designated Jurisdiction” means any country or territory to the extent that such country or territory is the subject of any comprehensive embargo or country- or territory-wide Sanction, which as of the Closing Date, are Crimea, the so-called Donetsk People's Republic, the so-called Luhansk People's Republic, the Kherson region of Ukraine, the Zaporizhzhia region of Ukraine, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria. “Dollar” and “$” mean lawful money of the United States. 18 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Domestic Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that is organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia other than a FSHCO. “EASA” means the European Aviation Safety Agency. “EEA Financial Institution” means (a) any credit institution or investment firm established in any EEA Member Country which is subject to the supervision of an EEA Resolution Authority, (b) any entity established in an EEA Member Country which is a parent of an institution described in clause (a) of this definition, or (c) any financial institution established in an EEA Member Country which is a Subsidiary of an institution described in clauses (a) or (b) of this definition and is subject to consolidated supervision with its parent. “EEA Member Country” means any of the member states of the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. “EEA Resolution Authority” means any public administrative authority or any Person entrusted with public administrative authority of any EEA Member Country (including any delegee) having responsibility for the resolution of any EEA Financial Institution. “Electronic Record” and “Electronic Signature” shall have the meanings assigned to them, respectively, by 15 USC §7006, as it may be amended from time to time. “Eligible Asset” means, at any time, an Engine or item of Equipment that meets all of the following criteria: (a) the purchase price of which has been paid in full and it is not subject to any other financing; (b) as to which an Engine Owner (in the case of an Engine) or Equipment Owner (in the case of items of Equipment) has good and marketable title, on which the Collateral Agent has a fully perfected first priority Lien and, in each case, which is subject to no other Liens except for Permitted Liens; (c) as to which, if owned by an Owner Trustee, (i) the Borrower (or its Restricted Subsidiary, if applicable) shall have executed and delivered to the Collateral Agent a Beneficial Interest Pledge Agreement covering, among other things, its Beneficial Interest in the owner trust which owns such Engine(s) or item(s) of Equipment, and (ii) the Owner Trustee shall have executed and delivered to the Collateral Agent an (x) Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement covering, among other things, such Engine or items of Equipment, (y) a Trust Agreement and (z) an Owner Trustee Guaranty; (d) as to which the Engine Owner (in the case of an Engine) or Equipment Owner (in the case of items of Equipment which are Registerable Assets) shall have executed and delivered to the Collateral Agent and/or filed (x) a Mortgage and Security Agreement covering, among other things, such Engine(s), items of Equipment and/or Lease, and (y) the other documentation required in respect of Engines as set forth in Section 4.03, or with respect to other Equipment, as to which the Collateral Agent has a valid and perfected lien; and (e) as to which, in the case of Engines or items of Equipment, it has not suffered an Event of Loss, it is being used solely for lawful purposes and in the ordinary course of business of the Engine Owner or Equipment Owner and, in the case of Engines and Equipment subject to Lease,


 
19 #4869-8209-4807v13 the Lessee, and it is insured against loss by either the Engine Owner, Equipment Owner or the Lessee in accordance with this Agreement and industry practice. “Eligible Assignee” means (a) any Person that meets the requirements to be an assignee under Section 11.06 (subject to such consents, if any, as may be required under Section 11.06(b)(iii)) or (b) any commercial bank having total assets of $40,000,000 or more, which, in each case (i) is engaged in the business of lending money and extending credit under credit facilities substantially similar to the Facility and (ii) is operationally and procedurally able to meet the obligations of a Lender hereunder to the same degree as a commercial bank; provided that each Eligible Assignee must either (aa) be organized under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia or (bb) be organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands or any country which is a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”), or a political subdivision of such a country, and (i) act hereunder through a branch, agency or funding office located in the United States of America or in a country which is a member of the OECD and (ii) be exempt from withholding of tax on interest and deliver the documents related thereto pursuant to Section 3.01(f)(ii)(B)(1). Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in no event shall any of the following be an “Eligible Assignee”: (w) the Borrower or any of the Borrower’s Affiliates or Subsidiaries, (x) any Defaulting Lender or any of its Affiliates or Subsidiaries, or any Person who, upon becoming a Lender hereunder, would constitute a Defaulting Lender or an Affiliate or Subsidiary thereof, (y) a natural Person (or a holding company, investment vehicle or trust for, or owned and operated for the primary benefit of, a natural Person) or (z) any Competitor. “Eligible Corporate Aircraft” means a Corporate Aircraft that is an “Eligible Asset.” “Eligible Engine” means an Engine that is an Eligible Asset and is not an Engine that has been included in the Borrowing Base as an Eligible Saleable Asset. “Eligible Equipment” means Equipment that satisfies each of the following requirements: (a) it is an Eligible Asset; (b) in the case of an Airframe, it is an Acceptable Airframe Class held for lease and which has not been Off-Lease for a period of one hundred eighty (180) days as of the date of determination, Parts, or a Corporate Aircraft; (c) in the case of Corporate Aircraft, it is an Eligible Corporate Aircraft; and (d) in the case of Parts, it is an Eligible Part; provided that all of the Equipment listed on Schedule 5.29 shall constitute Eligible Equipment. “Eligible Lease” means a Lease that satisfies each of the following requirements (provided that in respect of a Leasing Subsidiary, the requirements below (except where otherwise indicated) shall apply both to the Head Lease in respect of which the Borrower is Lessor and to the sublease and sublessee in respect of which a Leasing Subsidiary is sublessor): (a) it is with a Lessee for the Lease of Eligible Engines and/or Eligible Equipment; (b) it is freely assignable and transferable for security purposes, assuming satisfaction of any notice or consent conditions and, except for a Head Lease of any Engine or item of Equipment to a Leasing Subsidiary, prohibits assignment in whole or in part by the Lessee thereof, provided that such Lease may permit a Lessee to assign such Lease to a related entity in connection 20 #4869-8209-4807v13 with a business merger or reorganization, subject to such Lessee’s satisfaction of requirements related to the preservation of the Lessor’s and the Collateral Agent’s rights in connection with such Engine or item of Equipment and its related Lease; (c) it provides that the Lessee’s obligations thereunder are absolute and unconditional and which obligations are not, either pursuant to the terms of such Lease or otherwise, subject to contingencies, defense, deduction, set-off, reduction, claim or counterclaim of any kind whatsoever and as to which no defenses, deductions, set-offs, reductions, claims or counterclaims exist or have been asserted by the Lessee or anyone on its behalf and the Borrower has no material obligations thereunder, including, any service or maintenance of the related Equipment (excluding agreements to share in the costs of applicable airworthiness directives), other than the obligation to sell, lease or finance the Equipment and grant a covenant of quiet enjoyment to such lessee, whereby Lessor covenants not to repossess or to disturb the lessee’s possession or use of a leased asset so long as the lessee is in compliance with its obligations under the lease; (d) it is a triple-net contract and with respect to which the Lessee thereunder is responsible for all payments in connection therewith, including payment of all taxes (including sales and use taxes), insurance and maintenance expenses (or payment of maintenance reserves in lieu thereof) and all other expenses pertaining to the assets subject thereto; (e) with respect to which the Borrower’s books and records are accurate, complete, genuine and in accordance with GAAP; (f) the rent is payable in a Major Currency by periodic, fixed Lease payments (and, in the case of any Head Lease, such rent is equal to the rent payable under the related sublease less any (i) de minimis amounts required by Applicable Law to be maintained by the Subsidiary that is the relevant sublessor, (ii) amounts required or recommended by transfer pricing guidelines to be retained by the Subsidiary that is the relevant sublessor and (iii) other amounts that are reasonably necessary to fund the general and operating expenses of the Subsidiary that is the relevant sublessor); provided that the Borrower will maintain Swap Contracts covering all Leases payable in a Major Currency other than Dollars in the event the aggregate amount included in the Borrowing Base in respect of Engines and/or Equipment subject to such Leases at any time exceeds five percent (5%) of the Borrowing Base; (g) it is the valid and binding obligation of the parties thereto, is in full force and effect and each Engine and/or item of Equipment leased thereunder has been delivered to and accepted by the Lessee; (h) other than a Leasing Subsidiary (with respect to a Head Lease), the Lessee under which is not a Subsidiary, employee, agent or other Affiliate of the Borrower; (i) it requires the Lessee to comply with all maintenance, return, alteration, replacement, pooling and sublease conditions as typically found in leases for similar types of engines or equipment and as necessary to maintain at all times the airworthiness certification and serviceability status of the related Engine or Equipment pursuant to all applicable governmental and regulatory requirements; (j) it requires the Lessee to provide liability insurance, all risk ground and flight engine coverage for damage or loss of the related Engine, and war risk insurance (if applicable), and with respect to which Agents are named as additional insureds on liability insurance and the 21 #4869-8209-4807v13 Collateral Agent is named as a loss payee on hull insurance as set forth in Section 6.07 of this Agreement; (k) unless the Collateral Agent or Required Lenders have confirmed to the Borrower that, based on the credit quality of the Lessee, such insurance is not necessary, it requires the Lessee to provide confiscation and expropriation insurance, with deductibles that are acceptable to Agents, for Engines or Equipment operated (x) on routes with respect to which it is customary for air carriers flying comparable routes to carry such insurance or (y) in any area designated by companies providing such coverage as a recognized or threatened war zone or area of hostilities or an area where there is a substantial risk of confiscation or expropriation; (l) the Lessee is not (a) a Person that is, or is 50% or more owned or controlled by Persons that are, the subject of any Sanctions, and (b) not based in, and the Lease requires that the related Engine or Equipment not be operated in (i) unless appropriate insurance as determined by the Collateral Agent is obtained, any country or any jurisdiction that would not be covered by or would void any insurance coverage required hereunder, or (ii) any country which is a Designated Jurisdiction or the lease to which would violate United States law, rule or regulation or other restrictions; (m) with respect to such Lease, either (i) the designated “Chattel Paper” original of which is in the possession of the Collateral Agent or, with respect to chattel paper, if there shall be more than one original, then the sole counterpart which shall constitute “chattel paper” for purposes of perfection by possession under the UCC shall be in the possession of the Collateral Agent or (ii) to the extent the Borrower has reasonably determined that the requirements of the preceding clause (i) are not capable of being satisfied, the Collateral Agent shall have received, a Chattel Paper Certificate; and (n) for which, in the case of any Head Lease under which a Leasing Subsidiary is the Lessee, (i) the Lease and Head Lease have been assigned to the Collateral Agent pursuant to a Collateral Document and (ii) the sublessee thereunder is not domiciled or whose chief executive office is not located in a non-U.S. jurisdiction in which the ability of the Collateral Agent to foreclose upon and receive possession or sell any related Engine or item of Equipment is unsatisfactory, in each case, as reasonably determined by the Collateral Agent; provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, Ireland, France and India have been determined by the Collateral Agent to be satisfactory. “Eligible Loan Product” means each Loan Product that satisfies each of the following requirements: (a) it is subject to Loan Product Documents that are governed by the laws of the State of New York or England and Wales; (b) all cash principal and interest to be paid by the Obligor in respect of such Loan Product under the Loan Product Documents shall be payable in a Major Currency; (c) it is subject to Loan Product Documents that contain provisions prohibiting the assignment by the relevant Obligor of any benefits or obligations under the Loan Product Documents or with respect to the Underlying Asset or any part thereof to any Person without the consent of the Loan Party acting as lender thereunder in accordance with, and subject to such exceptions as are consistent with, the Standard of Care; 22 #4869-8209-4807v13 (d) a Loan Party (which for the avoidance of doubt, cannot be an Owner Trust) must be the sole lender with respect to such Loan Product, holding 100% of the interest in such Loan Product; (e) the applicable Loan Product Documents shall contain provisions requiring that the relevant Obligor prepay such Loan Product upon effecting a sale or other disposition of the relevant Underlying Asset, plus any applicable premium, other than where such Loan Product Documents permit replacement collateral, consistent with the Standard of Care; and (f) the applicable Loan Product Documents shall require a customary security package (including requirements to register International Interests and assignments thereof) as applicable for the relevant Underlying Asset and transaction, as determined in accordance with the Standard of Care. “Eligible Parts” means Parts that in each case (a) are for, or ancillary to the service of, an Eligible Engine, an aircraft supported by an Eligible Engine, or an Airframe that is Eligible Equipment, (b) are not unmerchantable or obsolete, (c) are physically tagged or identifiable by part or serial numbers, (d) are not subject to a consignment or held on the premises of an air carrier certificated under 49 U.S.C. 44705, and (e) comply with all applicable Aviation Authority requirements. “Eligible PDP Loans” shall mean a PDP Loan that satisfies each of the following requirements: (a) the Obligor in respect of such PDP Loan shall be an orphaned bankruptcy-remote entity (which for the avoidance of doubt, cannot be an Owner Trust) that is obligated to fund pre- delivery payments to an Acceptable Engine Manufacturer pursuant to a purchase agreement between such Acceptable Engine Manufacturer and such Obligor in respect of an Underlying Asset to be purchased by such Obligor; (b) the Obligor in respect of such PDP Loan shall have either (i) executed an agreement for the Sale and Leaseback Transaction for the Underlying Asset with the Borrower or a Guarantor prior to the making of the first PDP Loan in respect of such Underlying Asset or (ii) executed an agreement to borrow secured loans from the Borrower or such Guarantor to finance such Underlying Asset in connection with the delivery by the Eligible Engine Manufacturer to the Obligor of such Underlying Asset; (c) (i) the applicable PDP Loan Documents in respect of such PDP Loan shall include a collateral assignment of the purchase agreement between the Acceptable Engine Manufacturer and the relevant Obligor and (ii) the Borrower or the applicable Guarantor, as applicable, shall have entered into a PDP Direct Agreement in respect of such purchase agreement; and (d) the applicable PDP Loan Documents in respect of such PDP Loan requires the relevant Obligor to fund its share of any pre-delivery payment when due under the applicable purchase agreement between the Acceptable Engine Manufacturer and such Obligor in accordance with pro rata percentages agreed with the applicable Guarantor in the PDP Loan Documents. “Eligible Saleable Assets” means an Engine or any Equipment that (a) is an Eligible Asset, (b) is held for sale, consignment or in inventory and is not subject to a Lease, (c) is not unmerchantable or obsolete, (d) is physically tagged or identifiable by part or serial numbers and (e) complies with all applicable Aviation Authority requirements.


 
23 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Eligible Specified Assets” means a Specified Asset that satisfies each of the following requirements: (a) the purchase price of which has been paid in full and it is not subject to any financing or any Liens other than Permitted Liens as determined by a Specified Asset Lien Search Report applicable to such Specified Asset and delivered by the Specified Asset Owner to Administrative Agent, and any other similar Liens approved by Administrative Agent that are not materially adverse to the interests of the Lenders; (b) is owned by a Specified Asset Owner and to which such Specified Asset Owner has good and marketable title, evidenced by documentation satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and delivered thereto by the Specified Asset Owner; (c) as to which, if the Specified Asset Owner of such Specified Asset is not already a Loan Party, such Specified Asset Owner shall have complied with Section 6.13(a); (d) it is being used solely for lawful purposes and in the ordinary course of business of the Specified Asset Owner and is insured against loss in accordance with this Agreement and industry practice; (e) in respect of any Specified Real Property or Specified Vessel, as to which the Specified Asset Owner shall have delivered an Appraisal to Administrative Agent; and (f) in respect of any Specified Real Property, the applicable Specified Asset Owner is in compliance with the requirements of Section 7.09 with respect thereto. “Engine” means any Stage III compliant jet propulsion engine manufactured by an Acceptable Engine Manufacturer, APU or Regional Engine, in each case owned by an Engine Owner or financed pursuant to any Loan Product or PDP Loan and designed or suitable for use to propel an aircraft, whether or not subject to a Lease. “Engine Owner” means the Borrower, any Owner Trustee or any Subsidiary of the Borrower that complies with the requirements of Section 6.18(a). “Environment” means ambient air, indoor air, surface water, groundwater, drinking water, soil, surface and subsurface strata, and natural resources such as wetland, flora and fauna. “Environmental Laws” means any and all federal, state, local, and foreign statutes, laws (including common law), regulations, standards, ordinances, rules, judgments, interpretations, orders, decrees, permits, agreements or governmental restrictions relating to pollution or the protection of the Environment or human health (to the extent related to exposure to hazardous materials), including those relating to the manufacture, generation, handling, transport, storage, treatment, Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials, air emissions and discharges to waste or public systems. “Environmental Liability” means any liability, contingent or otherwise (including any liability for damages, costs of environmental remediation, fines, penalties or indemnities) whether based in contract, tort, implied or express warranty, strict liability, criminal or civil statute or common law, directly or indirectly relating to (a) any Environmental Law, (b) the generation, use, handling, transportation, storage, treatment or disposal of any Hazardous Materials, (c) exposure to any Hazardous Materials, (d) Release or threatened Release of any Hazardous Materials or (e) any contract, agreement or other consensual arrangement pursuant to which liability is assumed or imposed with respect to any of the foregoing. 24 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Environmental Permit” means any permit, certification, registration, approval, identification number, license or other authorization required under any Environmental Law. “Equipment” means (i) all Airframes, Parts and other aviation assets owned by an Equipment Owner, whether or not such items are subject to a Lease; and (ii) the Corporate Aircraft. “Equipment Market Value” means, with respect to an item of Equipment other than Parts, an amount as determined by the Appraiser to be the amount that would be obtained in an arm’s length cash transaction between willing, able and knowledgeable parties, acting prudently, with an absence of duress and with a reasonable time period available for marketing, adjusted to account for the maintenance status of such item of Equipment, but without taking into account any existing maintenance reserves, any value attributed to Lease payments or any Security Deposits under the related Lease. “Equipment Owner” means the Borrower, any Owner Trustee or any Subsidiary of the Borrower that complies with the requirements of Section 6.18(a). “Equity Interests” means, with respect to any Person, all of the shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the warrants, options or other rights for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person or warrants, rights or options for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of such shares (or such other interests), and all of the other ownership or profit interests in such Person (including partnership, member or trust interests therein), whether voting or nonvoting, and whether or not such shares, warrants, options, rights or other interests are outstanding on any date of determination. “ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. “ERISA Affiliate” means any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) under common control with the Borrower within the meaning of Sections 414(b) or (c) of the Code (and Sections 414(m) and (o) of the Code for purposes of provisions relating to Section 412 of the Code). “ERISA Event” means (a) a Reportable Event with respect to a Pension Plan; (b) the withdrawal of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from a Pension Plan subject to Section 4063 of ERISA during a plan year in which such entity was a “substantial employer” as defined in Section 4001(a)(2) of ERISA or a cessation of operations that is treated as such a withdrawal under Section 4062(e) of ERISA; (c) a complete or partial withdrawal by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from a Multiemployer Plan or notification that a Multiemployer Plan is insolvent; (d) the filing of a notice of intent to terminate, the treatment of a Pension Plan amendment as a termination under Section 4041 or 4041A of ERISA; (e) the institution by the PBGC of proceedings to terminate a Pension Plan; (f) any event or condition which constitutes grounds under Section 4042 of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Pension Plan; (g) the determination that any Pension Plan is considered an at-risk plan or a plan in endangered or critical status within the meaning of Sections 430, 431 and 432 of the Code or Sections 303, 304 and 305 of ERISA; (h) the imposition of any liability under Title IV of ERISA, other than for PBGC premiums due but not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA, upon the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate or (i) a failure by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate to meet all applicable requirements under the Pension Funding Rules in respect of a Pension Plan, whether or not waived, or the failure by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate to make any required contribution to a Multiemployer Plan. 25 #4869-8209-4807v13 “EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule” means the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule published by the Loan Market Association (or any successor person), as in effect from time to time. “Event of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 8.01. “Event of Loss” means (i) if an Engine or item of Equipment is not subject to a Lease, any of the following events: (x) the actual or constructive total loss of such Engine or item of Equipment or the agreed or compromised total loss of such Engine or item of Equipment; (y) its destruction, damage beyond economic repair or being rendered permanently unfit for normal use for any reason whatsoever and (z) any capture, condemnation, confiscation, requisition, purchase, seizure or forfeiture of, or any taking for use or of title to, such Engine or item of Equipment, in each case, that shall have resulted in the loss of possession or title of such Engine or item of Equipment by the Lessor (other than a requisition for use for not more than one hundred eighty (180) days by the United States Government) and (ii) in addition, if an Engine or item of Equipment is subject to a Lease, any events defined as an “Event of Loss,” “Casualty Occurrence” or similar term in such Lease. An Event of Loss shall be deemed to have occurred on the earlier to occur of (a) the Borrower’s or the Administrative Agent’s (as applicable) receipt of insurance proceeds in respect of such Engine or Equipment and (b) the date that is forty-five (45) days after the date of such loss, damage or destruction. “Excluded Subsidiary” means, collectively and each individually, (i) each WEST, any WEST Subsidiaries, Willis Warehouse and other Special Purpose Financing Vehicles, (ii) any Person (a) in which the Borrower (or any Subsidiary of the Borrower) holds an ownership interest and (b) whose Indebtedness is Non-Recourse Debt, (iii) any Subsidiary of the Borrower formed solely for the purpose of owning the equity of another Excluded Subsidiary, (iv) any Subsidiary of the Borrower formed for the purpose of owning or leasing any Corporate Aircraft purchased from time to time, in each case, if not included in the Borrowing Base, and (v) each Subsidiary designated as such on Schedule 5.19(a) (as such Schedule is required to be updated in accordance with Section 6.03(e)); provided that (a) any Excluded Subsidiary that is a Subsidiary and becomes an Engine Owner or an Equipment Owner which pledges Collateral to the Collateral Agent subject to the requirements of Sections 6.13 and 6.18 and (b) any Subsidiary that owns a Specified Asset and executes and delivers to the Administrative Agent a Joinder Agreement shall, in each case, immediately be deemed a Loan Party and shall no longer be an Excluded Subsidiary hereunder. “Excluded Swap Obligation” means, with respect to any Guarantor, any Swap Obligation if, and to the extent that, all or a portion of the Guaranty of such Guarantor of, or the grant by such Guarantor of a Lien to secure, such Swap Obligation (or any Guarantee thereof) is or becomes illegal under the Commodity Exchange Act or any rule, regulation or order of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (or the application or official interpretation thereof) by virtue of such Guarantor’s failure for any reason to constitute an “eligible contract participant” as defined in the Commodity Exchange Act (determined after giving effect to Section 10.11 and any other “keepwell”, support or other agreement for the benefit of such Guarantor and any and all guarantees of such Guarantor’s Swap Obligations by other Loan Parties) at the time the Guaranty of such Guarantor, or grant by such Guarantor of a Lien, becomes effective with respect to such Swap Obligation. If a Swap Obligation arises under a Master Agreement governing more than one Swap Contract, such exclusion shall apply only to the portion of such Swap Obligation that is attributable to Swap Contracts for which such Guaranty or Lien is or becomes excluded in accordance with the first sentence of this definition. “Excluded Taxes” means any of the following Taxes imposed on or with respect to any Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to a Recipient, (a) Taxes imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated), franchise Taxes, and branch profits Taxes, in each case, (i) imposed as a result of such Recipient being organized under the laws of, or having its principal office or, in the case of any Lender, its Lending Office located in, the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (or any political subdivision 26 #4869-8209-4807v13 thereof) or (ii) that are Other Connection Taxes, (b) in the case of a Lender, U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed on amounts payable to or for the account of such Lender with respect to an applicable interest in a Loan or Commitment pursuant to a law in effect on the date on which (i) such Lender acquires such interest in the Loan or Commitment (other than pursuant to an assignment request by the Borrower under Section 11.13) or (ii) such Lender changes its Lending Office, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Sections 3.01(b) or (d), amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable either to such Lender’s assignor immediately before such Lender became a party hereto or to such Lender immediately before it changed its Lending Office, (c) Taxes attributable to such Recipient’s failure to comply with Section 3.01(f) and (d) any U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed pursuant to FATCA. “Existing Credit Agreement” means that certain Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 7, 2019, among inter alios the Borrower, MUFG Bank, Ltd., as agent, and a syndicate of lenders, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time. “FAA” means the Federal Aviation Administration or any Governmental Authority succeeding to the functions thereof. “Facility” means, at any time, the aggregate amount of the Lenders’ Revolving Commitments at such time. “Facility Termination Date” means the date as of which all of the following shall have occurred: (a) the Aggregate Commitments have terminated, (b) all Obligations have been paid in full (other than contingent indemnification obligations), and (c) all Letters of Credit have terminated or expired (other than Letters of Credit that have been Cash Collateralized or as to which other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the applicable L/C Issuers shall have been made). “FAR” means the Federal Aviation Regulations issued by the FAA as in effect from time to time. “FASB ASC” means the Accounting Standards Codification of the Financial Accounting Standards Board. “FATCA” means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, as of the Closing Date (or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with) and any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof and any agreements entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code, as of the date of this Agreement (or any amended or successor version described above) and any intergovernmental agreement (and related fiscal or regulatory legislation, or related official rules or practices) implementing the foregoing. “Federal Funds Rate” means, for any day, the rate per annum calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York based on such day’s federal funds transactions by depository institutions (as determined in such manner as the Federal Reserve Bank of New York shall set forth on its public website from time to time) and published on the next succeeding Business Day by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as the federal funds effective rate; provided that if the Federal Funds Rate as so determined would be less than zero, such rate shall be deemed to be zero for the purposes of this Agreement. “Fee Letter” means the letter agreement, dated August 8, 2024, between the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Arranger. “Financial Statements” means the income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flows of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, internally prepared for each fiscal quarter, and audited for each fiscal year, in each case prepared in accordance with GAAP including the notes and schedules thereto.


 
27 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Flood Hazard Property” means any Specified Real Property that is in an area designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency as having special flood or mudslide hazards. “Flood Insurance Laws” means, collectively, (a) National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994 (which comprehensively revised the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973) as now or hereafter in effect or any successor statute thereto, (b) the Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004 as now or hereafter in effect or any successor statute thereto and (c) the Biggert–Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 as now or hereafter in effect or any successor statute thereto. “Foreign Lender” means (a) if the Borrower is a U.S. Person, a Lender that is not a U.S. Person, and (b) if the Borrower is not a U.S. Person, a Lender that is resident or organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than that in which the Borrower is resident for tax purposes. For purposes of this definition, the United States, each State thereof and the District of Columbia shall be deemed to constitute a single jurisdiction. “Foreign Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that is not a Domestic Subsidiary. “FRB” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States. “Free Flow Cash” means, all residual cash flows (i) from WEST or any Special Purpose Financing Vehicle that incurs Future WEST ABS Financing Non-Recourse Indebtedness and (ii) from Willis Warehouse, that are available after all prior payments under or in respect of any cash distribution waterfall pursuant to any WEST Funding Facility, ABS Financing or Willis Warehouse Financing, solely to the extent such residual cash flows, in each case, are paid, transferred or distributed to, received or retained by the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary free and clear of all Liens in favor of the applicable lenders, agents or other secured parties under any such WEST, ABS Financing or Willis Warehouse Financing. “Free Flow Cash Collateral Account” has the meaning specified in the Pledge Agreement. “Free Flow Cash Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary which is required to be paid or is otherwise the recipient of any Free Flow Cash. “Fronting Exposure” means, at any time there is a Defaulting Lender that is a Lender, (a) with respect to any L/C Issuer, such Defaulting Lender’s Applicable Percentage of the outstanding L/C Obligations other than L/C Obligations as to which such Defaulting Lender’s participation obligation has been reallocated to other Lenders or Cash Collateralized in accordance with the terms hereof, and (b) with respect to the Swingline Lender, such Defaulting Lender’s Applicable Percentage of Swingline Loans other than Swingline Loans as to which such Defaulting Lender’s participation obligation has been reallocated to other Lenders or Cash Collateralized in accordance with the terms hereof. “FSHCO” means any Subsidiary if substantially all of the direct or indirect assets of such Subsidiary are Equity Interest (or Equity Interests and Indebtedness) of one or more Foreign Subsidiaries that are treated as a “controlled foreign corporation” within the meaning of Section 957 of the Code or other FSHCOs. “Fund” means any Person (other than a natural Person) that is (or will be) engaged in making, purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its activities. “Funding Indemnity Letter” means a funding indemnity letter, substantially in the form of Exhibit U. 28 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Future WEST ABS Financing Non-Recourse Indebtedness” means the Indebtedness that is Non- Recourse Debt of any future Special Purpose Financing Vehicle that is incurred in connection with future ABS Financing similar to those transactions contemplated by clauses (i) through (v) of the definition of WEST Funding Facility. “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States set forth from time to time in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (or agencies with similar functions of comparable stature and authority within the accounting profession) including the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, that are applicable to the circumstances as of the date of determination, consistently applied and subject to Section 1.03. “Generator” shall mean a piece of equipment that combines an aeroderivative turbine engine with other components for the purpose of producing electricity and is manufactured by an Acceptable Generator Manufacturer. “Generator Collateral Documents” means, with respect to any Generator, the Collateral Documents entered into by the relevant Loan Party that is the owner of such Generator creating and granting a security interest in such Generator, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents. “Governmental Authority” means the government of the United States or any other nation, or of any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government (including any supra- national bodies such as the European Union or the European Central Bank). “Guarantee” means, as to any Person, (a) any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of such Person guaranteeing or having the economic effect of guaranteeing any Indebtedness of the kind described in clauses (a) through (h) of the definition thereof or other obligation payable or performable by another Person (the “primary obligor”) in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, and including any obligation of such Person, direct or indirect, (i) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or other obligation, (ii) to purchase or lease property, securities or services for the purpose of assuring the obligee in respect of such Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment or performance of such Indebtedness or other obligation, (iii) to maintain working capital, equity capital or any other financial statement condition or liquidity or level of income or cash flow of the primary obligor so as to enable the primary obligor to pay such Indebtedness or other obligation, or (iv) entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee in respect of such Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment or performance thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part), or (b) any Lien on any assets of such Person securing any Indebtedness of the kind described in clauses (a) through (h) of the definition thereof or other obligation of any other Person, whether or not such Indebtedness or other obligation is assumed or expressly undertaken by such Person (or any right, contingent or otherwise, of any holder of such Indebtedness to obtain any such Lien); provided, however, that a “Guarantee” shall not include ordinary course indemnities or guaranties included in leases, purchase and sale agreements, repair and maintenance agreements, servicing and other consulting agreements, or ordinary course trade payables or liabilities. The amount of any Guarantee shall be deemed to be an amount equal to the stated or determinable amount of the related primary obligation, or portion thereof, in respect of which such Guarantee is made or, if not stated or determinable, the maximum reasonably anticipated liability in respect thereof as determined by the guaranteeing Person in good faith. The term “Guarantee” as a verb has a corresponding meaning. “Guaranteed Obligations” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.01. 29 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Guarantors” means, collectively, all Subsidiaries of the Borrower that are not Excluded Subsidiaries or, subject to Section 6.13(c), Immaterial Subsidiaries that are or may from time to time become parties to this Agreement pursuant to Section 6.13. “Guaranty” means, collectively, the Guarantee made by the Guarantors under Article X in favor of the Secured Parties, whether such Guarantor is a party hereto on the Closing Date or, after the Closing Date, becomes a party hereto pursuant to the terms of any Joinder Agreement delivered pursuant to Section 6.13. “Hazardous Materials” means all explosive or radioactive substances or wastes and all hazardous or toxic substances, wastes or other pollutants, including petroleum or petroleum distillates, natural gas, natural gas liquids, asbestos or asbestos-containing materials, polychlorinated biphenyls, radon gas, toxic mold, infectious or medical wastes and all other substances, wastes, chemicals, pollutants, contaminants or compounds of any nature in any form regulated pursuant to any Environmental Law. “Head Lease” means a lease between an Engine Owner or Equipment Owner and a Leasing Subsidiary substantially in the form of the sublease between the Leasing Subsidiary and the applicable Lessee. “Hedge Bank” means any Person in its capacity as a party to a Swap Contract that, at the time it enters into a Swap Contract not prohibited under Articles VI or VII, is a Lender or an Affiliate of a Lender, in its capacity as a party to such Swap Contract (even if such Person ceases to be a Lender or such Person’s Affiliate ceased to be a Lender); provided, in the case of a Secured Hedge Agreement with a Person who is no longer a Lender (or Affiliate of a Lender), such Person shall be considered a Hedge Bank only through the stated termination date (without extension or renewal) of such Secured Hedge Agreement and provided further that for any of the foregoing to be included as a “Secured Hedge Agreement” on any date of determination by the Administrative Agent, the applicable Hedge Bank (other than the Administrative Agent or an Affiliate of the Administrative Agent) must have delivered a Secured Party Designation Notice to the Administrative Agent prior to such date of determination. “Immaterial Subsidiary” means each Subsidiary of the Borrower that the Borrower has elected to designate as an “Immaterial Subsidiary” pursuant to prior written notice to the Collateral Agent. “Indebtedness” means, as to any Person at a particular time, without duplication, all of the following, whether or not included as indebtedness or liabilities in accordance with GAAP: (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money (including Obligations hereunder) and all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes, loan agreements or other similar instruments; (b) all direct or contingent obligations of such Person arising under letters of credit (including standby and commercial), bankers’ acceptances, bank guaranties, surety bonds and similar instruments; (c) net obligations of such Person under any Swap Contract; (d) all obligations of such Person to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services (other than trade accounts payable and purchase price adjustments, earnouts and similar contingent payments payable in the ordinary course of business or otherwise due with respect to Investments permitted hereunder); 30 #4869-8209-4807v13 (e) obligations which would constitute Indebtedness of any other Person (excluding prepaid interest thereon) secured by a Lien on property owned or being purchased by such Person (including indebtedness arising under conditional sales or other title retention agreements), whether or not such indebtedness shall have been assumed by such Person or is limited in recourse; (f) all Attributable Indebtedness in respect of Capitalized Leases and Synthetic Lease Obligations of such Person and all Synthetic Debt of such Person; (g) all indebtedness created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreements with respect to property acquired by the Borrower (even though the rights and remedies of the seller or lender under such agreement in the event of default are limited to repossession or sale of such property); and (h) all Guarantees of such Person in respect of any of the foregoing. For all purposes hereof, the Indebtedness of any Person shall (x) include the Indebtedness of any partnership or joint venture (other than a joint venture that is itself a corporation or limited liability company) in which such Person is a general partner or a joint venturer, unless such Indebtedness is expressly made non-recourse to such Person (other than for breach of standard representations and warranties or misapplication of funds or other customary recourse carve-outs for a non- or limited-recourse transaction) and (y) not include (i) ordinary course trade accounts payable, (ii) any Permitted Preferred Stock, (iii) obligations in respect of netting services, overdraft protections and otherwise in connection with deposit accounts, provided such obligations are satisfied on or before the due date therefor, or (iv) any arrangement for treasury, depositary, overdraft, credit or debit card, purchase card or other cash management services provided to Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or in connection with any transfer or disbursement of funds through an automated clearinghouse or on a same day or immediate or accelerated availability basis or other electronic funds transfer, in each case in the ordinary course of business, provided the obligations with respect any such arrangement are satisfied on or before the due date therefor. The amount of any net obligation under any Swap Contract on any date shall be deemed to be the Swap Termination Value thereof as of such date. “Indemnified Taxes” means all (a) Taxes, other than Excluded Taxes, imposed on or with respect to any payment made by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party under any Loan Document and (b) to the extent not otherwise described in clause (a), Other Taxes. “Indemnitee” has the meaning specified in Section 11.04(b). “Information” has the meaning specified in Section 11.07(a). “Interest Payment Date” means, (a) as to any Term SOFR Loan, the last day of each Interest Period applicable to such Loan and the Maturity Date of the Facility under which such Loan was made; provided, however, that if any Interest Period for a Term SOFR Loan exceeds three (3) months, the respective dates that fall every three (3) months after the beginning of such Interest Period shall also be Interest Payment Dates; and (b) as to any Base Rate Loan or Swingline Loan, the last Business Day of each March, June, September and December and the Maturity Date of the Facility under which such Loan was made (with Swingline Loans being deemed made under the Facility for purposes of this definition). “Interest Period” means, as to each Term SOFR Loan, the period commencing on the date such Term SOFR Loan is disbursed or converted to or continued as a Term SOFR Loan and ending on the date one (1), three (3) or six (6) months thereafter, as selected by the Borrower in its Loan Notice, or such other


 
31 #4869-8209-4807v13 period that is twelve months or less requested by the Borrower and consented to by all the Lenders and the Administrative Agent (in the case or each requested Interest Period, subject to availability); provided that: (a) any Interest Period that would otherwise end on a day that is not a Business Day shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless, in the case of a Term SOFR Loan, such Business Day falls in another calendar month, in which case such Interest Period shall end on the next preceding Business Day; (b) any Interest Period pertaining to a Term SOFR Loan that begins on the last Business Day of a calendar month (or on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the calendar month at the end of such Interest Period) shall end on the last Business Day of the calendar month at the end of such Interest Period; and (c) no Interest Period shall extend beyond the Maturity Date of the Facility under which such Loan was made. “International Interest” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “International Registry” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “Investment” means, as to any Person (a) the purchase or other acquisition of Equity Interests of another Person, (b) a loan, advance or capital contribution to, Guarantee or assumption of debt of, or purchase or other acquisition of any other debt or interest in, another Person (including any partnership or joint venture interest in such other Person and any arrangement pursuant to which the investor guaranties Indebtedness of such other Person), or (c) the purchase or other acquisition (in one transaction or a series of transactions) of assets of another Person which constitute all or substantially all of the assets of such Person or of a division, line of business or other business unit of such Person. For purposes of covenant compliance, the amount of any Investment shall be the amount actually invested (net of returns), without adjustment for subsequent increases or decreases in the value of such Investment. For the avoidance of doubt, finance leases do not constitute Investments. “Investment Grade Lease” means a Lease to a Lessee that maintains a credit rating that is equal to or higher than (i) in the case of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Baa3 (or the equivalent), (ii) in the case of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, BBB- (or the equivalent) or (iii) in the case of any other rating agency acceptable to the Administrative Agent, a rating equivalent to Baa3 or BBB-, as applicable. “IRS” means the United States Internal Revenue Service. “ISP” means the International Standby Practices, International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 590 (or such later version thereof as may be in effect at the applicable time). “Issuer Documents” means with respect to any Letter of Credit, the Letter of Credit Application, and any other document, agreement and instrument entered into by any L/C Issuer and the Borrower (or any other Loan Party) or in favor of such L/C Issuer and relating to such Letter of Credit. “Joinder Agreement” means a joinder agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit D executed and delivered in accordance with the provisions of Section 6.13. “L/C Advance” means, with respect to each Lender, such Lender’s funding of its participation in any L/C Borrowing in accordance with its Applicable Revolving Percentage. 32 #4869-8209-4807v13 “L/C Borrowing” means an extension of credit resulting from a drawing under any Letter of Credit which has not been reimbursed on the date when made or refinanced as a Revolving Borrowing. “L/C Commitment” means, with respect to each L/C Issuer, the commitment of such L/C Issuer to issue Letters of Credit hereunder. The initial amount of each L/C Issuer’s Letter of Credit Commitment is set forth on Schedule 2.03, or if an L/C Issuer has entered into an Assignment and Assumption or has otherwise assumed a Letter of Credit Commitment after the Closing Date, the amount set forth for such L/C Issuer as its Letter of Credit Commitment in the Register maintained by the Administrative Agent. The Letter of Credit Commitment of the L/C Issuer may be modified from time to time by agreement between such L/C Issuer and the Borrower, and notified to the Administrative Agent. “L/C Credit Extension” means, with respect to any Letter of Credit, the issuance thereof or extension of the expiry date thereof, or the increase of the amount thereof. “L/C Issuer” means with respect to a particular Letter of Credit, (a) each L/C Issuer in its capacity as issuer of such Letter of Credits, or any successor issuer thereof, (b) such other Lender selected by the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.03(p) from time to time to issue such Letter of Credit (provided that no Lender shall be required to become an L/C Issuer pursuant to this clause (b) without such Lender’s consent), or any successor issuer thereof or (c) any Lender selected by the Borrower (with the prior consent of the Administrative Agent) to replace a Lender who is a Defaulting Lender at the time of such Lender’s appointment as an L/C Issuer (provided that no Lender shall be required to become an L/C Issuer pursuant to this clause (c) without such Lender’s consent), or any successor issuer thereof. “L/C Obligations” means, as at any date of determination, the aggregate amount available to be drawn under all outstanding Letters of Credit plus the aggregate of all Unreimbursed Amounts (including all L/C Borrowings). For purposes of computing the amount available to be drawn under any Letter of Credit, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.06. For all purposes of this Agreement, if on any date of determination a Letter of Credit has expired by its terms but any amount may still be drawn thereunder by reason of the operation of Rule 3.14 of the ISP, such Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be “outstanding” in the amount so remaining available to be drawn. “Laws” means, collectively, all international, foreign, federal, state and local statutes, treaties, rules, guidelines, regulations, ordinances, codes and administrative or judicial precedents or authorities, including the interpretation or administration thereof by any Governmental Authority charged with the enforcement, interpretation or administration thereof, and all applicable administrative orders, directed duties, requests, licenses, authorizations and permits of, and agreements with, any Governmental Authority, in each case whether or not having the force of law. “Lease” means, with respect to an Engine or an item of Equipment, any written lease agreement, finance lease, conditional sales agreement, purchase option agreement, general terms agreement or other similar arrangement, as may be in effect with respect to such Engine or item of Equipment between a Lessor, including an Engine Owner, an Equipment Owner or a Leasing Subsidiary, and a Lessee, as such agreement or arrangement may be amended, modified, extended, supplemented, assigned or novated from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof and the Loan Documents. “Leasing Subsidiary” means each of Willis Lease (Ireland) Limited, WLFC (Ireland) Limited and, any other “lease-in/lease-out” Subsidiary (including any Immaterial Subsidiary) of the Borrower to which an Engine Owner or Equipment Owner may lease one or more Engines or items of Equipment pursuant to a Head Lease and which are Lessors under Leases of such Engines or Equipment to Lessees. 33 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Leasing Subsidiary Security Agreement” means a leasing subsidiary security agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit I, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, made by each Leasing Subsidiary in favor of the Collateral Agent, whereby each Leasing Subsidiary collaterally assigns to the Collateral Agent a security interest in all of such Leasing Subsidiary’s rights under subleases of Engines and Equipment. “Lender” means (a) each of the Persons identified as a “Lender” on the signature pages hereto, (b) so long as any Revolving Commitment is in effect, any Person that has a Revolving Commitment at such time or (c) if the Revolving Commitments have terminated or expired, any Person that has a Revolving Loan or a participation in L/C Obligations or Swingline Loans at such time and (d) each other Person that becomes a “Lender” in accordance with this Agreement and (e) each of the foregoing’s successors and assigns, and, unless the context requires otherwise, includes the Swingline Lender. “Lender Party” and “Lender Recipient Party” means collectively, the Lenders, the Swing Line Lenders and the L/C Issuers. “Lending Office” means, as to the Administrative Agent, any L/C Issuer or any Lender, the office or offices of such Person described as such in such Person’s Administrative Questionnaire, or such other office or offices as such Person may from time to time notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent; which office may include any Affiliate of such Person or any domestic or foreign branch of such Person or such Affiliate. “Lessee” means the lessee of Engines or Equipment subject to a Lease (including a Leasing Subsidiary in its capacity as lessee under a Head Lease). “Lessor” means (i) any Engine Owner or Equipment Owner party to a Lease as lessor and (ii) a Leasing Subsidiary as sublessor under a Lease. “Letter of Credit” means any letter of credit issued hereunder. “Letter of Credit Application” means an application and agreement for the issuance or amendment of a Letter of Credit in the form from time to time in use by the applicable L/C Issuer. “Letter of Credit Fee” has the meaning specified in Section 2.03(l). “Letter of Credit Sublimit” means, as of any date of determination, an amount equal to the lesser of (a) $25,000,000 and (b) the Facility; provided that each L/C Issuer’s Letter of Credit Sublimit shall not exceed its L/C Commitment. The Letter of Credit Sublimit is part of, and not in addition to, the Facility. “Leverage Ratio” means as of any date of determination, the ratio of the ratio of Total Debt outstanding to Tangible Net Worth. “Lien” means any mortgage, pledge, hypothecation, collateral assignment, encumbrance, lien (statutory or otherwise), charge, or other security interest or preferential arrangement in the nature of a security interest of any kind or nature whatsoever (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, any easement, right of way or other encumbrance on title to real property and any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing). “Loan” means an extension of credit by a Lender to the Borrower under Article II in the form of a Revolving Loan or a Swingline Loan. 34 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Loan Documents” means, collectively, (a) this Agreement, (b) the Notes, (c) any Joinder Agreement, (d) the Collateral Documents, (e) the Fee Letter, (f) each Issuer Document, (g) any agreement creating or perfecting rights in Cash Collateral pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.14, and (h) all other certificates, agreements, documents and instruments executed and delivered, in each case, by or on behalf of any Loan Party pursuant to the foregoing that are expressly designated as a “Loan Document” (but specifically excluding any Secured Hedge Agreement) and any amendments, modifications or supplements thereto or to any other Loan Document or waivers hereof or to any other Loan Document; provided, however, that for purposes of Section 11.01, “Loan Documents” shall mean this Agreement, any Joinder Agreement and the Collateral Documents. “Loan Notice” means a notice of (a) a Borrowing, (b) a conversion of Loans from one Type to the other, or (c) a continuation of Term SOFR Loans, pursuant to Section 2.02(a), which shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit E-1 or such other form as may be approved by the Administrative Agent (including any form on an electronic platform or electronic transmission system as shall be approved by the Administrative Agent), appropriately completed and signed by an Authorized Signatory of the Borrower. “Loan Party” means, collectively, the Borrower and each Guarantor. “Loan Product” means a secured loan made by a Loan Party to an Obligor that such Obligor will, in turn, use to finance such Obligor’s purchase or refinancing of the purchase of Underlying Assets. “Loan Product Documents” means, in respect of a Loan Product, the loan agreement between a Loan Party and an Obligor that evidences a Loan Product, together with all related guarantees, promissory notes, mortgages, security, pledge, collateral assignment or hypothecation agreements and other collateral or credit support documents delivered to the applicable Loan Party in connection therewith. “Local Law Stock Pledge Agreement” means a local law stock pledge, charge or security agreement with respect to the Stock of a Foreign Subsidiary, provided by the Loan Party who owns such Stock of such Foreign Subsidiary in favor of the Collateral Agent whereby the applicable Loan Party pledges to the Collateral Agent at least sixty five percent (65%) of the issued and outstanding Stock of such Foreign Subsidiary owned by such Loan Party. “Maintenance Reserve Payments” means any payment (including any use fee or utilization payment) that is based on the usage of an Engine or which is based on, or in respect of which, the Lessor under a Lease may be obligated to reimburse the Lessee under such Lease for specified maintenance activities with respect to the Engine subject to such Lease. “Major Currencies” means Dollars, Euro, Australian Dollars, British Pound, Canadian Dollars, Japanese Yen and Swiss Francs and such other currencies that are freely tradeable and convertible to Dollars as may be approved by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion. “Margin Value” means: (i) in the case of Eligible Engines, the value of the sum of (a) 85% multiplied by the Net Book Value of all Eligible Engines that have not been Off-Lease for a period of greater than one hundred eighty (180) days as of the date of determination plus (b) 40% multiplied by the Net Book Value of all other Eligible Engines not described in clause (i)(a) of this definition; (ii) in the case of Eligible Equipment (other than Eligible Corporate Aircraft), the value of the sum of (a) 60% multiplied by the Net Book Value of all Eligible Equipment


 
35 #4869-8209-4807v13 that have not been Off-Lease for a period of greater than one hundred eighty (180) days as of the date of determination plus (b) 30% multiplied by the Net Book Value of all other Eligible Equipment not described in clause (ii)(a) of this definition; (iii) in the case of Eligible Saleable Assets, the value of 65% multiplied by the Net Book Value of all Eligible Saleable Assets; (iv) in the case of Eligible Corporate Aircraft, the product of 75% multiplied by the Net Book Value of all Eligible Corporate Aircraft; and (v) in the case of Eligible Specified Assets, the product of 65% multiplied by the sum of the Net Book Value of the Specified Real Properties and the Net Book Value of the Specified Vessel. “Master Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “Swap Contract.” “Material Adverse Effect” means (a) a material adverse change in, or a material adverse effect upon, the operations, business, properties, liabilities (actual or contingent), condition (financial or otherwise) of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole; or (b) a material adverse effect on (i) the ability of any Loan Party to perform its Obligations under any Loan Document to which it is a party or (ii) the rights, remedies and benefits available to, or conferred upon, the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Agent or any Lender under any Loan Documents taken as a whole. “Maturity Date” means the earliest of (a) October 31, 2029; provided, however, that, in each case, if such date is not a Business Day, the Maturity Date shall be the next preceding Business Day, (b) the date Lenders’ Commitments are terminated and the Obligations (under the Loan Documents) are declared to be due and payable pursuant to Section 8.02, or (c) the date of prepayment in full by the Borrower of the Obligations under the Loan Documents in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.05. “Maximum Leverage Ratio” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.11(b). “Maximum Rate” has the meaning specified in Section 11.09. “Measurement Period” means, at any date of determination, the most recently completed four (4) fiscal quarters of the Borrower (or, for purposes of any determination required to be made on a Pro Forma Basis, the most recently completed four (4) fiscal quarters of the Borrower for which financial statements have been delivered pursuant to Sections 6.01(a) or 6.01(b)) or, if fewer than four (4) consecutive fiscal quarters of the Borrower have been completed since the Closing Date, the fiscal quarters of the Borrower that have been completed since the Closing Date (or, for purposes of any determination required to be made on a Pro Forma Basis, if financial statements have been delivered pursuant to Sections 6.01(a) or 6.01(b) for fewer than four (4) consecutive fiscal quarters of the Borrower since the Closing Date, the fiscal quarters of the Borrower for which financial statements have been delivered pursuant to Sections 6.01(a) or 6.01(b) since the Closing Date). “Minimum Collateral Amount” means, at any time, an amount equal to 102% of the Fronting Exposure of all the L/C Issuers with respect to Letters of Credit issued and outstanding at such time. “Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and any successor thereto. 36 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Mortgage and Security Agreement” means any Master Mortgage and Security Agreement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit F that may be executed by any Restricted Subsidiary that has satisfied the requirements of Section 6.18. “Multiemployer Plan” means any employee benefit plan of the type described in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA, to which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate makes or is obligated to make contributions, or during the preceding five (5) plan years, has made or been obligated to make contributions. “Multiple Employer Plan” means a Plan which has two or more contributing sponsors (including the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate) at least two of whom are not under common control, as such a plan is described in Section 4064 of ERISA. “Net Book Value” means, (a) with respect to all Engines and all items of Equipment included in the Borrowing Base, the aggregate value calculated as the lesser of: (i) the sum of the book values of all such Engines and items of Equipment, including any associated maintenance right intangible assets, as determined in accordance with GAAP as set forth on the Borrower and its Subsidiaries financial statements, which for the avoidance of doubt is inclusive of any net investment in Lease receivable (finance or sales- type Lease) or note receivable (failed Sale and Leaseback Transaction) recognized in place of such Engine or item of Equipment’s net book value and (ii) the sum all of such Engines’ Adjusted Base Values and all of such items’ of Equipment Market Values or Parts Market Values, as the case may be, in each case reduced utilizing depreciation methods consistent with current practice and GAAP, and (b) with respect to Specified Assets included in the Borrowing Base, the aggregate value calculated as the lesser of: (i) the sum of the book values of all such Specified Assets determined in accordance with GAAP as set forth on the Borrower and its Subsidiaries financial statements and (ii) the sum of the Specified Asset Market Values for all such Specified Assets, in each case reduced utilizing depreciation methods consistent with current practice and GAAP. “Net Income” means, with respect to any fiscal period, the consolidated net income (or loss) of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries attributable to common shareholders for that period (after Taxes), determined in accordance with GAAP, consistently applied, provided that “Net Income” shall not take into account gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair market value of derivative instruments (within the meaning of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133). “Non-Consenting Lender” means any Lender that does not approve any consent, waiver or amendment that (a) requires the approval of all Lenders or all affected Lenders in accordance with the terms of Section 11.01 and (b) has been approved by the Required Lenders. “Non-Defaulting Lender” means, at any time, each Lender that is not a Defaulting Lender at such time. “Non-Recourse Debt” shall mean Indebtedness for which the remedy for nonpayment or non- performance of any obligation or any default (other than for breach of standard representations and warranties or misapplication of funds or other customary recourse carve-outs for a non- or limited-recourse transaction) in respect thereof is limited to (i) specified collateral securing such indebtedness or (ii) to the Special Purpose Financing Vehicle or Excluded Subsidiary obligated thereunder or (iii) both (i) and (ii) and in respect of which the Borrower is not subject to any personal liability (other than for breach of standard representations and warranties, misapplication of funds or other customary recourse carve-outs for a non- or limited recourse transaction). 37 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Note” means a promissory note made by the Borrower in favor of a Lender evidencing Revolving Loans or Swingline Loans, as the case may be, made by such Lender, substantially in the form of Exhibit P. “Notice of Additional L/C Issuer” means a certificate substantially the form of Exhibit V or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent. “Notice of Loan Prepayment” means a notice of prepayment with respect to a Loan, which shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit T or such other form as may be approved by the Administrative Agent (including any form on an electronic platform or electronic transmission system as shall be approved by the Administrative Agent), appropriately completed and signed by an Authorized Signatory. “Obligations” means (a) all advances to, and debts, liabilities, obligations, covenants and duties of, any Loan Party arising under any Loan Document or otherwise with respect to any Loan, or Letter of Credit and (b) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with enforcement and collection of the foregoing, including the fees, charges and disbursements of counsel, in each case whether direct or indirect (including those acquired by assumption), absolute or contingent, due or to become due, now existing or hereafter arising and including interest, expenses and fees that accrue after the commencement by or against any Loan Party or any Affiliate thereof pursuant to any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Laws naming such Person as the debtor in such proceeding, regardless of whether such interest, expenses and fees are allowed claims in such proceeding; provided that, without limiting the foregoing, (i) the Obligations of a Guarantor shall exclude any Excluded Swap Obligations with respect to such Guarantor and (ii) for the avoidance of doubt, Additional Secured Obligations shall not constitute Obligations. “Obligor” means a third-party borrower to whom a Loan Party lends funds in the form of either Loan Products or PDP Loans. “OFAC” means the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury. “Off-Lease” means, with respect to an Engine or item of Equipment, at the time of determination or for any specified period, not subject to a Lease (or, in respect of an Engine or item of Equipment subject to a Head Lease, not subject to a Lease with a sublessee). “Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate substantially the form of Exhibit L or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent. “Organization Documents” means, (a) with respect to any corporation, the charter or certificate or articles of incorporation and the bylaws (or equivalent or comparable constitutive documents with respect to any non-U.S. jurisdiction); (b) with respect to any limited liability company, the certificate or articles of formation or organization and operating agreement or limited liability company agreement (or equivalent or comparable documents with respect to any non-U.S. jurisdiction); (c) with respect to any partnership, joint venture, trust or other form of business entity, the partnership, joint venture or other applicable agreement of formation or organization (or equivalent or comparable documents with respect to any non- U.S. jurisdiction) and (d) with respect to all entities, any agreement, instrument, filing or notice with respect thereto filed in connection with its formation or organization with the applicable Governmental Authority in the jurisdiction of its formation or organization (or equivalent or comparable documents with respect to any non-U.S. jurisdiction). “Other Connection Taxes” means, with respect to any Recipient, Taxes imposed as a result of a present or former connection between such Recipient and the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (other than 38 #4869-8209-4807v13 connections arising from such Recipient having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations under, received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to or enforced any Loan Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any Loan or Loan Document). “Other Taxes” means all present or future stamp, court or documentary, intangible, recording, filing or similar Taxes that arise from any payment made under, from the execution, delivery, performance, enforcement or registration of, from the receipt or perfection of a security interest under, or otherwise with respect to, any Loan Document, except any such Taxes that are Other Connection Taxes imposed with respect to an assignment (other than an assignment made pursuant to Section 3.06). “Outstanding Amount” means (a) with respect to Revolving Loans and Swingline Loans on any date, the aggregate outstanding principal amount thereof after giving effect to any Borrowings and prepayments or repayments of Revolving Loans and Swingline Loans, as the case may be, occurring on such date; and (b) with respect to any L/C Obligations on any date, the amount of such L/C Obligations on such date after giving effect to any L/C Credit Extension occurring on such date and any other changes in the aggregate amount of the L/C Obligations as of such date, including as a result of any reimbursements by the Borrower of Unreimbursed Amounts. “Overnight Rate” means, for any day, the greater of (i) the Federal Funds Rate and (ii) an overnight rate determined by the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuers, or the Swingline Lender, as the case may be, in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation. “Owner Trust” means an owner trust created under a Trust Agreement. “Owner Trustee” means Wells Fargo Trust Company, N.A., U.S. Bank National Association, Bank of Utah, or such other bank or trust company reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Collateral Agent acting as trustee under a Trust Agreement. “Owner Trustee Guaranty” means each and collectively those certain Master Owner Trustee Guaranties, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit J with such modifications thereto approved by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, made by Owner Trustee in favor of the Collateral Agent, whereby Owner Trustee guaranties performance of the Obligations under the Loan Documents. “Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement” means, each and collectively, those certain Master Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreements, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit H with such modifications thereto approved by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, made by the Borrower in favor of the Collateral Agent, whereby Owner Trustee grants to the Collateral Agent a first priority security interest in that certain Equipment or other collateral as defined therein. “Participant” has the meaning specified in Section 11.06(d)(i). “Participant Register” has the meaning specified in Section 11.06(d)(ii). “Parts” means components of an aircraft or an Engine, any systems within an aircraft or an Engine that have either been removed from an aircraft or an Engine or have not yet been incorporated into an aircraft or an Engine and any other fixed assets ancillary to the service of an aircraft or Engine.


 
39 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Parts Market Value” means, with respect to any Parts, the “current market value” (as such term is defined by the International Society of Transport Aircraft Trading (ISTAT)) as determined by the Appraiser. The current market value shall take into consideration of, maintenance status of such assets, current trading history and other methodologies as are consistent with the methodologies utilized in current industry practices, but without taking into account any existing maintenance reserves. “Patriot Act” has the meaning specified in Section 11.19. “PBGC” means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. “PDP Advance Rate Limitation” means, with respect to a PDP Loan included in the Borrowing Base, an amount not to exceed seventy percent (70%) of the value of the Underlying Asset (as determined based on the lesser of the purchase price of such Underlying Asset (if known) and the list price for such Underlying Asset reasonably available to the Guarantor making such PDP Loan). “PDP Direct Agreements” means any other direct agreements, side letters or other agreements between a Manufacturer and the Guarantor that is the lender of a PDP Loan that are customary for a transaction of this type addressing, among other things, a direct step-in right, purchase and other similar rights of such Guarantor. “PDP Loan” means loans made (or commitments to make loans) by a Loan Party to an Obligor to fund pre-delivery payments for an Underlying Asset to be made by such Obligor to an Acceptable Engine Manufacturer pursuant to a purchase agreement between such Acceptable Engine Manufacturer and such Obligor. “PDP Loan Document” means, in respect of any PDP Loan, the loan agreement between a Loan Party and an Obligor that evidences such PDP Loan, together with all related guarantees, promissory notes, mortgages, security, pledge, collateral assignment or hypothecation agreements, PDP Direct Agreements and other collateral or credit support documents delivered to the applicable Loan Party in connection therewith. “Pension Funding Rules” means the rules of the Code and ERISA regarding minimum funding standards with respect to Pension Plans and set forth in Sections 412, 430, 431, 432 and 436 of the Code and Sections 302, 303, 304 and 305 of ERISA. “Pension Plan” means any employee pension benefit plan (including a Multiple Employer Plan but excluding a Multiemployer Plan) that is maintained or is contributed to by the Borrower and any ERISA Affiliate or with respect to which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate has any liability and is either covered by Title IV of ERISA or is subject to the minimum funding standards under Section 412 of the Code. “Permitted Change of Control” means any transaction that would otherwise constitute a Change of Control; provided that a Permitted Holder retains Control (either directly or indirectly through its Affiliates) over the Voting Stock acquired in such transaction. “Permitted Holder” means each of Charles F. Willis IV and Austin Willis, any member of each of their respective immediate families, and each of their respective trusts, family limited partnerships or heirs. “Permitted Indebtedness” means, Indebtedness, whether secured or unsecured, in an aggregate outstanding principal amount not to exceed at any one time $500,000,000.00; provided that (a) at the time of incurrence of such Indebtedness, no Default has occurred and is continuing and (b) after giving effect to 40 #4869-8209-4807v13 the incurrence of such Indebtedness, the Borrower would be in compliance with the covenants set forth in Section 7.11 as determined on a Pro Forma Basis. “Permitted Liens” means: (a) Liens securing Taxes (excluding any Lien imposed pursuant to any of the provisions of ERISA that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect) or the claims of materialmen, mechanics, carriers, repairmen, warehousemen, or landlords or other like Liens, but which (1) are for amounts not yet due, or (2) which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which the Borrower shall have set aside on its books adequate reserves with respect thereto in accordance with GAAP, provided that such contested claims shall not exceed an aggregate amount of $10,000,000.00 or such higher amount as agreed by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion; (b) Liens consisting of deposits or pledges made in the ordinary course of business in connection with, or to secure payment of, obligations under worker’s compensation, unemployment insurance, or similar legislation; (c) Liens constituting encumbrances in the nature of zoning restrictions, easements, and rights of way or restrictions of record on use of real property which do not materially detract from the value of such real property or impair the use thereof in the business of the Borrower; (d) Liens of record existing on the Closing Date and set forth in Schedule 7.01; (e) Liens created under the Loan Documents; (f) the rights of any Lessee or sublessee under any Lease to utilize any Collateral pursuant to the terms of a Lease, including any purchase option or other rights of a Lessee under a finance lease; (g) Liens arising in connection with legal or equitable proceedings against the Borrower, which the Borrower is contesting with diligence and good faith and which Liens do not have a Material Adverse Effect; (h) Liens in respect of personal property leases that do not affect any assets included in the Borrowing Base, which, in the aggregate, are not substantial in amount and do not materially detract from the value of the property subject thereto or interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the Borrower so as to cause a Material Adverse Effect; (i) any Lien on any asset not included in the Borrowing Base to secure Indebtedness permitted hereunder; (j) Liens securing Indebtedness that has since been repaid in full, which filings the Borrower cannot independently terminate, so long as such Liens are terminated within thirty (30) days of the end of the relevant fiscal quarter, or such longer period as may be agreed by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion; (k) Liens arising out of judgments that do not constitute an Event of Default under this Agreement; 41 #4869-8209-4807v13 (l) any Lien arising by virtue of any statutory or common law provision relating to banker’s liens, rights of set-off or similar rights and remedies as to deposit accounts or other funds maintained with a creditor depository institution in the ordinary course of business; (m) Liens securing Capitalized Lease Obligations on assets subject to such leases provided that such Capitalized Lease Obligations are otherwise permitted under this Agreement; (n) Liens arising from the following types of liabilities of a lessee or any other operator of an Engine, item of Equipment or Specified Asset, so long as such liabilities are either not yet due or are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings that do not give rise to any reasonable likelihood of the sale, forfeiture or other loss of such Engine, item of Equipment or Specified Asset, title thereto or the Collateral Agent’s security interest therein or of criminal or unindemnified civil liability on the part of the Borrower, any Lender or any Agent and with respect to which the lessee maintains adequate reserves (in the reasonable judgment of the Borrower): (A) fees or charges of any airport, air or maritime navigation authority, (B) judgments that do not constitute an Event of Default under this Agreement, or (C) salvage or other rights of insurers; (o) Liens on assets not included in the Borrowing Base evidenced by UCC financing statements which are expressly permitted under the terms of the Loan Documents; (p) Liens consisting of deposits or pledges to secure the performance of bids, tenders, trade contracts, public or statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature incurred in the ordinary course of business; (q) Liens arising on any real property as a result of any eminent domain, condemnation or similar proceeding being commenced with respect to such real property; (r) Liens arising under precautionary UCC filing statements on items in the course of payment or collection; (s) Liens in favor of Governmental Authorities securing the obligations of Foreign Subsidiaries in jurisdictions outside the United States; provided, that such Liens are required by such Governmental Authorities in order for such Foreign Subsidiaries to conduct business in such jurisdiction; (t) Liens on cash and Cash Equivalents arising in connection with the defeasance, discharge, redemption or termination (including by way of cash collateralization) of Indebtedness to the extent such defeasance, discharge, redemption or termination is not prohibited by this Agreement; and (u) Liens on assets which are not Collateral securing Permitted Indebtedness. “Permitted Preferred Stock” means (a) up to $100,000,000.00 of preferred Stock of the Borrower issued from time to time during the term of this Agreement which shall not be mandatorily redeemable earlier than one hundred eighty (180) days after October 31, 2029 and (b) preferred Stock of the Borrower issued prior to the Closing Date and as disclosed on Schedule 5.28 and, in each case, any refinancings, refundings, replacements, renewals, extensions, or exchanges thereof; provided that the amount of preferred Stock is not increased at the time of such refinancing, refunding, replacement, renewal, extension, or exchange except by an amount equal to a reasonable premium or other reasonable amount paid, and fees and expenses reasonably incurred, in connection with such refinancing and by an amount equal to any existing commitments unutilized thereunder and the direct or any contingent obligor with respect thereto is 42 #4869-8209-4807v13 not changed, as a result of or in connection with such refinancing refunding, renewal or extension. For the avoidance of doubt, preferred stock that is redeemable or may become due in connection with fundamental change, make-whole fundamental change, change of control, asset sale or other event risk provisions shall not be considered to be mandatorily redeemable. “Person” means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other entity. “Placard” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.18(b). “Plan” means any employee benefit plan within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA (including a Pension Plan), maintained for employees of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate or any such plan to which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate is required to contribute on behalf of any of its employees. “Platform” has the meaning specified in Section 6.02. “Pledge Agreement” means that certain Pledge and Security Agreement dated as of the Closing Date, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, made by the Loan Parties party thereto in favor of the Collateral Agent. “Pledged Equity” has the meaning specified in the Pledge Agreement. “Prior Agent” has the meaning specified in Section 4.01(h). “Pro Forma Basis” means, with respect to any transaction that, for purposes of determining compliance with the financial covenants, such transaction (including the incurrence of any Indebtedness in connection therewith) shall be deemed to have occurred on and as of the first day of the relevant Measurement Period. In connection with the foregoing and with respect to any (a) Acquisition, income statement and cash flow statement items (whether positive or negative) attributable to the property, line of business or the Person subject to such Acquisition shall be included in the results of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such Measurement Period; (b) interest accrued during the relevant Measurement Period on, and the principal of, any Indebtedness repaid or to be repaid or refinanced in such transaction shall be excluded from the results of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such Measurement Period; (c) any Indebtedness to be incurred or assumed by the Borrower or any Subsidiary in such transaction (A) shall be deemed to have been incurred as of the first day of the applicable Measurement Period, and interest thereon shall be deemed to have accrued from such day on such Indebtedness at the applicable rates provided therefor and (B) if such Indebtedness has a formula or floating rate, shall have an implied rate of interest for the Measurement determined by utilizing the rate which is or would be in effect with respect to such Indebtedness at the time of determination; and (d) the above pro forma calculations shall be made in good faith by a financial or accounting officer of the Borrower who is an Authorized Signatory and may include, for the avoidance of doubt, the amount of synergies and cost savings projected by the Borrower from actions taken or expected to be taken during the 12-month period following the date of such transaction, net of the amount of actual benefits theretofore realized during such period from such actions; provided that (i) such amounts are reasonably identifiable, quantifiable and factually


 
43 #4869-8209-4807v13 supportable in the good faith judgment of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, (ii) such synergies and cost savings are directly attributable to such transaction and (iii) no amounts shall be added pursuant to this clause (d) to the extent duplicative of any amounts that are otherwise added back in computing Consolidated EBITDA, whether through a pro forma adjustment or otherwise, with respect to such period. “Prospective International Interest” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “PTE” means a prohibited transaction class exemption issued by the U.S. Department of Labor, as any such exemption may be amended from time to time. “QFC” has the meaning assigned to the term “qualified financial contract” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. 5390(c)(8)(D). “QFC Credit Support” has the meaning specified in Section 11.21. “Qualified ECP Guarantor” means, at any time, each Loan Party with total assets exceeding $10,000,000 or that qualifies at such time as an “eligible contract participant” under the Commodity Exchange Act and can cause another Person to qualify as an “eligible contract participant” at such time under Section 1a(18)(A)(v)(II) of the Commodity Exchange Act. “Real Property” means any real property owned, leased or operated by the Borrower, any Owner Trustee, or any Subsidiary of the Borrower, including, for the avoidance of doubt, the Specified Real Properties. “Recipient” means the Administrative Agent, any Lender, any L/C Issuer or any other recipient of any payment to be made by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party hereunder. “Regional Engine” means an aircraft engine which is installed and utilized on a regional aircraft, including any Turboprop Engine. “Register” has the meaning specified in Section 11.06(c). “Registerable Asset” means any Eligible Engine or Eligible Equipment with respect to which ownership thereof, a contract of sale in respect of, a lease of, and/or a security interest therein may be filed with the FAA or registered on the International Registry. “Regulation U” means Regulation U of the FRB, as in effect from time to time and all official rulings and interpretations thereunder or thereof. “Related Parties” means, with respect to any Person, such Person’s Affiliates and the partners, directors, officers, employees, agents, trustees, administrators, managers, advisors, consultants, service providers and representatives of such Person and of such Person’s Affiliates. “Release” means any release, spill, emission, discharge, deposit, disposal, leaking, pumping, pouring, dumping, emptying, injection or leaching into the Environment, or into, from or through any building, structure or facility. “Rent” means any amounts of rent and other amounts due under each Lease. 44 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Reportable Event” means any of the events set forth in Section 4043(c) of ERISA, other than events for which the thirty (30) day notice period has been waived. “Request for Credit Extension” means (a) with respect to a Borrowing of Revolving Loans, a Loan Notice, (b) with respect to an L/C Credit Extension, a Letter of Credit Application, and (c) with respect to a Swingline Loan, a Swingline Loan Notice. “Required Lenders” means, at any time, Lenders having Total Revolving Exposures representing more than 50% of the Total Revolving Exposures of all Lenders at such time. The Total Revolving Exposure of any Defaulting Lender shall be disregarded in determining Required Lenders at any time; provided that, the amount of any participation in any Swingline Loan and Unreimbursed Amounts that such Defaulting Lender has failed to fund that have not been reallocated to and funded by another Lender shall be deemed to be held by the Lender that is the Swingline Lender or the applicable L/C Issuer, as the case may be, in making such determination. “Rescindable Amount” has the meaning as specified in Section 2.12(b)(ii). “Resignation Effective Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.06(a). “Resolution Authority” means an EEA Resolution Authority or, with respect to any UK Financial Institution, a UK Resolution Authority. “Restricted Payment” means any dividend, stock repurchase payments or other distribution, direct or indirect, on account of any shares (or equivalent) of any class of Equity Interests of the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, now or hereafter outstanding. “Restricted Subsidiary” means each Subsidiary of the Borrower, other than an Excluded Subsidiary. “Revolving Borrowing” means a borrowing consisting of simultaneous Revolving Loans of the same Type and, in the case of Term SOFR Loans, having the same Interest Period made by each of the Lenders pursuant to Section 2.01(b). “Revolving Commitment” means, as to each Lender, its obligation to (a) make Revolving Loans to the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.01(b), (b) purchase participations in L/C Obligations, and (c) purchase participations in Swingline Loans, in an aggregate principal amount at any one time outstanding not to exceed the amount set forth opposite such Lender’s name on Schedule 1.01(b) under the caption “Revolving Commitment” or opposite such caption in the Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which such Lender becomes a party hereto, as applicable, as such amount may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with this Agreement. The Revolving Commitment of all of the Lenders on the Closing Date shall be $1,000,000,000. “Revolving Exposure” means, as to any Lender at any time, the aggregate principal amount at such time of its outstanding Revolving Loans and such Lender’s participation in L/C Obligations and Swingline Loans at such time. “Revolving Loan” has the meaning specified in Section 2.01(a). “S&P” means Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of S&P Global Inc., and any successor thereto. 45 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Sale and Leaseback Transaction” means, with respect to any Loan Party or any Restricted Subsidiary, any arrangement, directly or indirectly, with any Person whereby such Loan Party or such Restricted Subsidiary shall sell or transfer any property used or useful in its business, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, and thereafter rent or lease such property or other property that it intends to use for substantially the same purpose or purposes as the property being sold or transferred. “Sanction(s)” means any applicable sanction administered or enforced by the United States Government (including OFAC and the U.S. Department of State), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury (“HMT”). “SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, or any Governmental Authority succeeding to any of its principal functions. “Secured Hedge Agreement” means any interest rate, currency, foreign exchange, or commodity Swap Contract not prohibited under Article VI or VII between any Loan Party and any Hedge Bank. “Secured Obligations” means all Obligations and all Additional Secured Obligations. “Secured Parties” means, collectively, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the L/C Issuers, the Hedge Banks, the Indemnitees and each co-agent or sub-agent appointed by the Administrative Agent from time to time pursuant to Section 9.05. “Secured Party Designation Notice” means a notice from any Lender or an Affiliate of a Lender substantially in the form of Exhibit Q. “Security Deposit” means any cash deposits and other collateral provided by, or on behalf of, a Lessee to secure the obligations of such Lessee under a Lease. “Security Election” means the election made, at any time, by the Administrative Agent in its sole discretion to require, with respect to a Specified Real Property, the satisfaction of the requirements described in Section 4.03(e)(ii). “Shareholders’ Equity” means, as of any date of determination, consolidated shareholders’ equity of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of such date, determined in accordance with GAAP. “SOFR” means the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (or a successor administrator). “Solvency Certificate” means a solvency certificate in substantially in the form of Exhibit R. “Solvent” and “Solvency” mean, with respect to any Person on any date of determination, that on such date (a) the fair value of the property of such Person is greater than the total amount of liabilities, including contingent liabilities, of such Person, (b) the present fair saleable value of the assets of such Person is not less than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of such Person on its debts as they become absolute and matured, (c) such Person does not intend to, and does not believe that it will, incur debts or liabilities beyond such Person’s ability to pay such debts and liabilities as they mature, (d) such Person is not engaged in business or a transaction, and is not about to engage in business or a transaction, for which such Person’s property would constitute an unreasonably small capital, and (e) such Person is able to pay its debts and liabilities, contingent obligations and other commitments as they mature in the ordinary course of business. The amount of contingent liabilities at any time shall be computed as 46 #4869-8209-4807v13 the amount that, in the light of all the facts and circumstances existing at such time, represents the amount that can reasonably be expected to become an actual or matured liability. “Special Purpose Financing Vehicle” means a bankruptcy remote Subsidiary or Affiliate (including any Subsidiary of such Person, Willis Warehouse, WEST and the WEST Subsidiaries) of the Borrower or other Person owned by or at the request of the Borrower (excluding any Owner Trustee which shall have executed and delivered an Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement) for the sole purpose of issuing notes or issuing or incurring other Indebtedness pursuant to an ABS Financing; provided that any Indebtedness of such Special Purpose Financing Vehicle shall be Non-Recourse Debt. “Specified Asset Lien Search Report” means a lien search report or other abstract of title that is issued by the applicable Government Authority or other Person, as applicable, describing the Liens of records with respect to a Specified Asset, and is customarily relied on by lenders in extending credit secured by Liens against such Specified Asset (e.g., a title report for real estate). “Specified Asset Market Value” means, with respect to a Specified Asset, an amount as determined by the Appraiser to be the amount that would be obtained in an arm’s length cash transaction between willing, able and knowledgeable parties, acting prudently, with an absence of duress and with a reasonable time period available for marketing, adjusted to account for the maintenance status of such item of Specified Asset, but without taking into account any existing maintenance reserves, any value attributed to Lease payments, if any, or any Security Deposits under the related Lease, if any. “Specified Asset Owner” means (i) the Borrower or (ii) its Subsidiary, in each case as the owner of the relevant Specified Asset. “Specified Assets” means the Specified Real Properties, Specified Vessel and Generators. “Specified Loan Party” means any Loan Party that is not then an “eligible contract participant” under the Commodity Exchange Act (determined prior to giving effect to Section 10.11). “Specified Real Properties” means the land and improvements thereon located (i) in Coconut Creek, Florida and owned by Coconut Creek Aviation Assets LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and (ii) in Bridgend, Wales, UK and owned by Willis Asset Management Limited, a private limited company organized under the laws of England and Wales. “Specified Real Property Collateral Documents” means the Collateral Documents that the Administrative Agent and the Collateral Agent require in connection with the Specified Real Properties being added to the Borrowing Base, including, but not limited to, a first Lien deed of trust or mortgage encumbering the Specified Real Properties, environmental indemnity, all-asset security agreement, assignment of contracts and leases, lender’s policy of title insurance, and such other documents as may reasonably be required, in each case in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents. “Specified Vessel” means that certain 2010 Holland Jachtbouw Motor Yacht, with MTU model 16V200M72 Engine and two Novurania tenders and one Invincible tender, such motor yacht named “FABULOUS CHARACTER” and registered with the British Registry at the port of George Town, Cayman Islands with official number 742343 in the name of Willis Lease Marine LLC, a Cayman Islands limited liability company. “Specified Vessel Collateral Documents” means, with respect to the Specified Vessel being added to the Borrowing Base, (i) a deed of covenants, (ii) a first priority statutory ship mortgage and (iii) a vessel transcript evidencing the Collateral Agent’s Lien on the Specified Vessel, in each case in form and


 
47 #4869-8209-4807v13 substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents, save for the vessel transcript which will be issued in the form provided by the Cayman Islands Shipping Registry. “Stage III” means, with respect to any aircraft or engine, any aircraft or engine which, at the time of its manufacture, was compliant with the noise regulations set forth in FAR Part 36. “Standard of Care” means the customary practice of Borrower and its Subsidiaries, in effect from time to time, in the good faith exercise of their reasonable prudent business judgment. “Stock” means all of the authorized, and the issued and outstanding, stock, shares, partnership interests, limited liability company membership interests or other Equity Interests held by the relevant entity. “Stock Power” means collectively, and each individually, those certain Stock Powers executed by the Borrower in favor of the Collateral Agent in connection with the Pledge Agreement or any Local Law Stock Pledge Agreement. “Subordinated Obligation” means Indebtedness incurred by any Loan Party which by its terms (a) is subordinated in right of payment to the prior payment of the Obligations and (b) contains other terms, including standstill, interest rate, maturity and amortization, and insolvency-related provisions, in all respects acceptable to the Administrative Agent in its sole discretion. “Subsidiary” of a Person means a corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other business entity of which a majority of the shares of Voting Stock is at the time beneficially owned, or the management of which is otherwise controlled, directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, or both, by such Person. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to a “Subsidiary” or to “Subsidiaries” shall refer to a Subsidiary or Subsidiaries of the Borrower. “Successor Rate” has the meaning specified in Section 3.03(b). “Supported QFC” has the meaning specified in Section 11.21. “Swap Contract” means (a) any and all rate swap transactions, basis swaps, credit derivative transactions, forward rate transactions, commodity swaps, commodity options, forward commodity contracts, equity or equity index swaps or options, bond or bond price or bond index swaps or options or forward bond or forward bond price or forward bond index transactions, interest rate options, forward foreign exchange transactions, cap transactions, floor transactions, collar transactions, currency swap transactions, cross-currency rate swap transactions, currency options, spot contracts, or any other similar transactions or any combination of any of the foregoing (including any options to enter into any of the foregoing), whether or not any such transaction is governed by or subject to any master agreement, and (b) any and all transactions of any kind, and the related confirmations, which are subject to the terms and conditions of, or governed by, any form of master agreement published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc., any International Foreign Exchange Master Agreement, or any other master agreement (any such master agreement, together with any related schedules, a “Master Agreement”), including any such obligations or liabilities under any Master Agreement. “Swap Obligations” means with respect to any Guarantor any obligation to pay or perform under any agreement, contract or transaction that constitutes a “swap” within the meaning of Section 1a(47) of the Commodity Exchange Act. 48 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Swap Termination Value” means, in respect of any one or more Swap Contracts, after taking into account the effect of any legally enforceable netting agreement relating to such Swap Contracts, (a) for any date on or after the date such Swap Contracts have been closed out and termination value(s) determined in accordance therewith, such termination value(s), and (b) for any date prior to the date referenced in clause (a), the amount(s) determined as the mark-to-market value(s) for such Swap Contracts, as determined based upon one or more mid-market or other readily available quotations provided by any recognized dealer in such Swap Contracts (which may include a Lender or any Affiliate of a Lender). “Swingline Borrowing” means a borrowing of a Swingline Loan pursuant to Section 2.04. “Swingline Commitment” means, as to any Lender (a) the amount set forth opposite such Lender’s name on Schedule 2.01 or (b) if such Lender has entered into an Assignment and Assumption or has otherwise assumed a Swingline Commitment after the Closing Date, the amount set forth for such Lender as its Swingline Commitment in the Register maintained by the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 11.06(c). “Swingline Lender” means Bank of America in its capacity as provider of Swingline Loans, or any successor swingline lender hereunder. “Swingline Loan” has the meaning specified in Section 2.04(a). “Swingline Loan Notice” means a notice of a Swingline Borrowing pursuant to Section 2.04(b), which shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit E-2 or such other form as approved by the Administrative Agent (including any form on an electronic platform or electronic transmission system as shall be approved by the Administrative Agent), appropriately completed and signed by an Authorized Signatory of the Borrower. “Swingline Sublimit” means an amount equal to the lesser of (a) $75,000,000 and (b) the Facility. The Swingline Sublimit is part of, and not in addition to, the Facility. “Synthetic Debt” means, with respect to any Person as of any date of determination thereof, all obligations of such Person in respect of transactions entered into by such Person that are intended to function primarily as a borrowing of funds are not otherwise included in the definition of “Indebtedness” or as a liability on the Consolidated balance sheet of such Person and its Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP. “Synthetic Lease Obligation” means the monetary obligation of a Person under (a) a so-called synthetic, off-balance sheet or tax retention lease, or (b) an agreement for the use or possession of property (including Sale and Leaseback Transactions), in each case, creating obligations that do not appear on the balance sheet of such Person but which, upon the application of any Debtor Relief Laws to such Person, would be characterized as the indebtedness of such Person (without regard to accounting treatment). “Tangible Net Worth” means on any date of determination, the following with respect to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis: (a) the sum of the total assets less the total liabilities minus (b) intangibles (excluding (i) gains and losses from fair value of derivatives charges whether or not included in other comprehensive income or net income on such date, all as determined in accordance with GAAP, consistently applied and (ii) any intangibles arising under clause (x) of the definition of Consolidated EBITDA). Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent constituting a liability on the Borrower’s balance sheet as determined in accordance with GAAP, consistently applied, the Permitted Preferred Stock shall be excluded as a liability in the calculation of Tangible Net Worth. 49 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Taxes” means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings (including backup withholding), assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto. “Term SOFR” means: (a) for any Interest Period with respect to a Term SOFR Loan, the rate per annum equal to the Term SOFR Screen Rate two (2) U.S. Government Securities Business Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period with a term equivalent to such Interest Period; provided that if the rate is not published prior to 11:00 a.m. on such determination date then Term SOFR means the Term SOFR Screen Rate on the first U.S. Government Securities Business Day immediately prior thereto, in each case, plus the CSA for such Interest Period; and (b) for any interest calculation with respect to a Base Rate Loan on any date, the rate per annum equal to the Term SOFR Screen Rate two (2) U.S. Government Securities Business Days prior to such date with a term of one month commencing that day; provided that if the rate is not published prior to 11:00 a.m. on such determination date then Term SOFR means the Term SOFR Screen Rate on the first U.S. Government Securities Business Day immediately prior thereto, in each case, plus the CSA for such term; provided that if the Term SOFR determined in accordance with either of the foregoing provisions (a) or (b) of this definition would otherwise be less than zero, the Term SOFR shall be deemed zero for purposes of this Agreement. “Term SOFR Loan” means a Loan that bears interest at a rate based on clause (a) of the definition of Term SOFR. “Term SOFR Screen Rate” means the forward-looking SOFR term rate administered by CME (or any successor administrator satisfactory to the Administrative Agent) and published on the applicable Reuters screen page (or such other commercially available source providing such quotations as may be designated by the Administrative Agent from time to time). “Three Primary Lessees” means the three Lessees under Leases which, at the time of determination, have leased (whether under one or more Leases) the highest percentages of the Engines and Equipment described in clause (II)(ii)(J) of the proviso to the definition of Borrowing Base, based on Net Book Value, of all Eligible Engines and Eligible Equipment. “Threshold Amount” means $75,000,000. “Total Credit Exposure” means, as to any Lender at any time, the unused Commitments and Revolving Exposure of such Lender at such time. “Total Debt” means, with respect to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, all Indebtedness described in clause (a) of the definition thereof (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, contingent reimbursement obligations for undrawn letters of credit, surety bonds and similar obligations) and Attributable Indebtedness described in clause (a) of the definition thereof; minus 100% of any WEST Restricted Proceeds; provided, however, any Indebtedness for which the Borrower or its Subsidiaries are contractually obligated to make a prepayment and funds have been set aside for such prepayment but such prepayment has not yet been made shall not be deemed to be Total Debt or be outstanding for purposes of calculating the Maximum Leverage Ratio. 50 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Total Revolving Exposure” means, as to any Lender at any time, the unused Commitments and Revolving Exposure of such Lender at such time. “Total Revolving Outstandings” means, as of any date of determination, the aggregate Outstanding Amount of all Revolving Loans, Swingline Loans and L/C Obligations as of such date. “Trade Date” has the meaning specified in Section 11.06(b)(i)(B). “Transactional User Entity” is defined in the Regulations for the International Registry. “Trust Agreement” means, each and collectively, those certain Trust Agreements entered into prior to the date hereof and any Trust Agreements entered into after the date hereof, each of which Trust Agreements shall be substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit K with such modifications thereto approved by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion, by and between Owner Trustee, as owner trustee, and the Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary, as the sole beneficiary, as each such Trust Agreement is amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, whereby the parties agreed, among other things, that Owner Trustee shall act as trustee with respect to the “Equipment” or “Engine” and “Lease Agreement” as defined therein and by and between Owner Trustee, as owner trustee, and the Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary, as the sole beneficiary, as each Trust Agreement is amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, whereby the parties agreed, among other things, that Owner Trustee shall act as trustee with respect to the “Equipment” or “Engine” and “Lease Agreement” as defined therein. “Turboprop Engine” means a gas turbine engine used in aircraft with at least 550 rated shaft horsepower. “Type” means, with respect to a Loan, its character as a Base Rate Loan or a Term SOFR Loan. “U.S. Government Securities Business Day” means any day except for (a) a Saturday, (b) a Sunday or (c) a day on which the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association recommends that the fixed income departments of its members be closed for the entire day for purposes of trading in United States government securities. “U.S. Loan Party” means any Loan Party that is organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof for the District of Columbia. “U.S. Person” means any Person that is a “United States Person” as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code. “U.S. Special Resolution Regimes” has the meaning specified in Section 11.21. “U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate” has the meaning specified in Section 3.01(f)(ii)(B)(3). “UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of New York; provided that, if perfection or the effect of perfection or non-perfection or the priority of any security interest in any Collateral is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in a jurisdiction other than the State of New York, “UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in such other jurisdiction for purposes of the provisions hereof relating to such perfection, effect of perfection or non- perfection or priority. “UCP” means the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, International Chamber of Commerce Publication No. 600 (or such later version thereof as may be in effect at the applicable time).


 
51 #4869-8209-4807v13 “UK Financial Institution” means any BRRD Undertaking (as such term is defined under the PRA Rulebook (as amended form time to time) promulgated by the United Kingdom Prudential Regulation Authority) or any person subject to IFPRU 11.6 of the FCA Handbook (as amended from time to time) promulgated by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, which includes certain credit institutions and investment firms, and certain affiliates of such credit institutions or investment firms. “UK Resolution Authority” means the Bank of England or any other public administrative authority having responsibility for the resolution of any UK Financial Institution. “Underlying Asset” means any Engine that has been or is in the process of being manufactured by an Acceptable Engine Manufacturer and that is being purchased or is to be purchased by an Obligor. “United States” and “U.S.” mean the United States of America. “Unreimbursed Amount” has the meaning specified in Section 2.03(f). “Unused Line Fee” means that fee set forth in Section 2.09(a). “Voting Stock” means, with respect to any Person, Equity Interests issued by such Person the holders of which are ordinarily, in the absence of contingencies, entitled to vote for the election of directors (or persons performing similar functions) of such Person, even though the right to so vote has been suspended by the happening of such contingency. “WEST” means (i) WEST III, (ii) WEST IV, (iii) WEST V, (iv) WEST VI, or (v) WEST VII, in each case in its capacity as the issuer of the indebtedness referenced under any of the clauses (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) or (v) of the definition of “WEST Funding Facility.” “WEST III” means, Willis Engine Structured Trust III, a Delaware statutory trust which is a Wholly- Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower. “WEST IV” means, Willis Engine Structured Trust IV, a Delaware statutory trust which is a Wholly- Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower. “WEST V” means, Willis Engine Structured Trust V, a Delaware statutory trust which is a Wholly- Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower. “WEST VI” means, Willis Engine Structured Trust VI, a Delaware statutory trust which is a Wholly- Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower. “WEST VII” means, Willis Engine Structured Trust VII, a Delaware statutory trust which is a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower. “WEST Administrative Agency Agreement” means (i) that certain Administrative Agency Agreement dated August 4, 2017 among WEST III, the Borrower, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas and each Managed Group Member as defined therein and made a party thereto, (ii) that certain Administrative Agency Agreement dated August 22, 2018 among WEST IV, the Borrower, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas and each Managed Group Member as defined therein and made a party thereto, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, (iii) that certain Administrative Agency Agreement dated March 3, 2020 among WEST V, the Borrower, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas and each Managed Group Member as defined therein and made a party thereto, (iv) that certain Administrative Agency Agreement dated May 17, 2021 among WEST VI, the Borrower, 52 #4869-8209-4807v13 U.S. Bank National Association and each Managed Group Member as defined therein and made a party thereto, (v) that certain Administrative Agency Agreement dated October 31, 2023 among WEST VII, the Borrower, U.S. Bank National Association and each Managed Group Member as defined therein and made a party thereto; and (vi) such similar agreement(s) entered into with respect to Future WEST ABS Financing Non-Recourse Indebtedness. “WEST Funding Facility” means, collectively or individually, (i) the transactions contemplated by that certain Indenture dated as of August 4, 2017, by and between WEST III, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as the operating bank and trustee, the Borrower, as the administrative agent and BNP Paribas, acting through its New York branch, as the Initial Liquidity Facility Provider, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, (ii) the transactions contemplated by that certain Indenture dated as of August 22, 2018, by and between WEST IV, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as the operating bank and trustee, the Borrower, as the administrative agent and Bank of America, N.A., as the initial liquidity facility provider, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, (iii) the transactions contemplated by that certain Amended and Restated Trust Indenture dated as of March 3, 2020, by and between WEST V, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as the operating bank and trustee, the Borrower, as the administrative agent and Bank of America, N.A., as the initial liquidity facility provider, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, (iv) the transactions contemplated by that certain Trust Indenture dated as of May 17, 2021, by and between WEST VI, U.S. Bank National Association, as the operating bank and trustee, the Borrower, as the administrative agent and Bank of America, N.A., as the initial liquidity facility provider, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, (v) the transactions contemplated by that certain Trust Indenture dated as of October 31, 2023, by and between WEST VII, U.S. Bank National Association, as the operating bank and trustee, the Borrower, as the administrative agent and Bank of America, N.A., as the initial liquidity facility provider, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time; and (vi) such similar agreement(s) entered into with respect to Future WEST ABS Financing Non-Recourse Indebtedness. “WEST Owner Trusts” means the owner trusts in which WEST or a WEST Subsidiary holds 100% of the beneficial interest. “WEST Restricted Proceeds” means, as of any date of determination, the aggregate proceeds of any WEST Funding Facility then on deposit or otherwise maintained in any restricted “asset purchase account” or other restricted account of WEST or any other issuer under a WEST Funding Facility that are not, in accordance with the terms of the applicable WEST Funding Facility, permitted to be released to the Borrower until the engines or other equipment and related leases are transferred or novated, as applicable, to WEST or such other issuer under a WEST Funding Facility. “WEST Servicing Agreement” means (i) that certain Servicing Agreement dated as of August 4, 2017, by and among the Borrower, as servicer and the administrative agent, WEST III, and each member of the Serviced Group as defined therein and made a party thereto, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, (ii) that certain Servicing Agreement dated as of August 22, 2018, by and among the Borrower, as servicer and the administrative agent, WEST IV, and each member of the Serviced Group as defined therein and made a party thereto, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, (iii) that certain Servicing Agreement dated as of March 3, 2020, by and among the Borrower, as servicer and the administrative agent, WEST V, and each member of the Serviced Group as defined therein and made a party thereto, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, (iv) that certain Servicing Agreement dated as of May 17, 2021, by and among the Borrower, as servicer and the administrative agent, WEST VI, and each member of the Serviced Group as defined therein and made a party thereto, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, (v) that certain Servicing Agreement dated as of 53 #4869-8209-4807v13 October 31, 2023, by and among the Borrower, as servicer and the administrative agent, WEST VII, and each member of the Serviced Group as defined therein and made a party thereto, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time; or (vi) such similar agreement entered into with respect to Future WEST ABS Financing Non-Recourse Indebtedness. “WEST Subsidiaries” means collectively, each legal entity owned by WEST or in respect of which WEST or a Subsidiary of WEST holds 100% of the beneficial interest, including the WEST Owner Trusts. “Wholly-Owned Subsidiary” means a Subsidiary of the Borrower, 100% of the capital stock or other equity interest of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Borrower, except for director’s qualifying shares required by Applicable Laws. “Willis Lease (China) Limited” means Willis Lease (China) Limited, a limited liability company formed under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. “Willis Lease (China) Limited Financing Facility” means one or more financing arrangements entered into by Willis Lease (China) Limited in an amount not to exceed One Hundred Million and 00/100 Dollars ($100,000,000.00) for general corporate purposes, including financing spare aircraft engines and equipment. “Willis Warehouse” means Willis Warehouse Facility LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. “Willis Warehouse Financing” means the transactions contemplated by that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of May 3, 2024, among Willis Warehouse, as the borrower, the Lender’s party thereto, Bank of Utah, as security trustee and administrative agent and Bank of America, N.A., as facility agent, as amended, waived, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time. “WMES” means Willis Mitsui & Co Engine Support Limited. “Write-Down and Conversion Powers” means, (a) with respect to any EEA Resolution Authority, the write-down and conversion powers of such EEA Resolution Authority from time to time under the Bail-In Legislation for the applicable EEA Member Country, which write-down and conversion powers are described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule, and (b) with respect to the United Kingdom, any powers of the applicable Resolution Authority under the Bail-In Legislation to cancel, reduce, modify or change the form of a liability of any UK Financial Institution or any contract or instrument under which that liability arises, to convert all or part of that liability into shares, securities or obligations of that person or any other person, to provide that any such contract or instrument is to have effect as if a right had been exercised under it or to suspend any obligation in respect of that liability or any of the powers under that Bail-In Legislation that are related to or ancillary to any of those powers. 1.02 Other Interpretive Provisions. With reference to this Agreement and each other Loan Document, unless otherwise specified herein or in such other Loan Document: (a) The definitions of terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined. Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms. The words “include,” “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation.” The word “will” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “shall.” Unless the context requires otherwise, (i) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument or other 54 #4869-8209-4807v13 document (including the Loan Documents and any Organization Document) shall be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument or other document as from time to time amended, amended and restated, modified, extended, restated, replaced or supplemented from time to time (subject to any restrictions on such amendments, supplements or modifications set forth herein or in any other Loan Document), (ii) any reference herein to any Person shall be construed to include such Person’s successors and assigns, (iii) the words “hereto,” “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder,” and words of similar import when used in any Loan Document, shall be construed to refer to such Loan Document in its entirety and not to any particular provision thereof, (iv) all references in a Loan Document to Articles, Sections, Preliminary Statements, Exhibits and Schedules shall be construed to refer to Articles and Sections of, and Preliminary Statements, Exhibits and Schedules to, the Loan Document in which such references appear, (v) any reference to any law shall include all statutory and regulatory rules, regulations, orders and provisions consolidating, amending, replacing or interpreting such law and any reference to any law, rule or regulation shall, unless otherwise specified, refer to such law, rule or regulation as amended, modified, extended, restated, replaced or supplemented from time to time, (vi) the words “asset” and “property” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, securities, accounts and contract rights and (vii) the word “or” is not exclusive. (b) In the computation of periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word “from” means “from and including;” the words “to” and “until” each mean “to but excluding;” and the word “through” means “to and including.” (c) Section headings herein and in the other Loan Documents are included for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement or any other Loan Document. (d) Any reference herein to a merger, transfer, consolidation, amalgamation, assignment, sale, disposition or transfer, or similar term, shall be deemed to apply to a division of or by a limited liability company, or an allocation of assets to a series of a limited liability company (or the unwinding of such a division or allocation), as if it were a merger, transfer, consolidation, amalgamation, assignment, sale, disposition or transfer, or similar term, as applicable, to, of or with a separate Person. Any division of a limited liability company shall constitute a separate Person hereunder (and each division of any limited liability company that is a Subsidiary, joint venture or any other like term shall also constitute such a Person or entity). 1.03 Accounting Terms; Changes in GAAP; Pro Forma Treatment. (a) Generally. All accounting terms not specifically or completely defined herein shall be construed in conformity with, and all financial data (including financial ratios and other financial calculations) required to be submitted pursuant to this Agreement shall be prepared in conformity with, GAAP applied on a consistent basis, as in effect from time to time, applied in a manner consistent with that used in preparing the Audited Financial Statements, except as otherwise specifically prescribed herein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of determining compliance with any covenant (including the computation of any financial covenant) contained herein, Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries shall be deemed to be carried at 100% of the outstanding principal amount thereof, and the effects of FASB ASC 825 on financial liabilities shall be disregarded. (b) Changes in GAAP. If at any time any change in GAAP would affect the computation of any financial ratio or requirement set forth in any Loan Document, and either the


 
55 #4869-8209-4807v13 Borrower or the Required Lenders shall so request, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Borrower shall negotiate in good faith to amend such ratio or requirement to preserve the original intent thereof in light of such change in GAAP (subject to the approval of the Required Lenders); provided that, until so amended, (i) such ratio or requirement shall continue to be computed in accordance with GAAP prior to such change therein and (ii) the Borrower shall provide to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders financial statements and other documents required under this Agreement or as reasonably requested hereunder setting forth a reconciliation between calculations of such ratio or requirement made before and after giving effect to such change in GAAP. (c) Pro Forma Treatment. Notwithstanding Section 1.03(a) or Section 1.03(b), the parties hereto acknowledge and agree that (i) all calculations of the of the financial covenants set forth in Section 7.11 and for purposes of determining the Applicable Rate shall be made on a Pro Forma Basis with respect to any Acquisition or other transaction that would generate projected synergies and cost savings and (ii) for the avoidance of doubt, dispositions and ordinary course portfolio acquisitions, dispositions other asset trading operations shall not be calculated on a Pro Forma Basis. 1.04 Rounding. Any financial ratios required to be maintained by the Borrower pursuant to this Agreement shall be calculated by dividing the appropriate component by the other component, carrying the result to one place more than the number of places by which such ratio is expressed herein and rounding the result up or down to the nearest number (with a rounding-up if there is no nearest number). 1.05 Times of Day. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to times of day shall be references to Eastern time (daylight or standard, as applicable). 1.06 Letter of Credit Amounts. Unless otherwise specified herein, the amount of a Letter of Credit at any time shall be deemed to be the stated amount of such Letter of Credit in effect at such time; provided, however, that with respect to any Letter of Credit that, by its terms or the terms of any Issuer Document related thereto, provides for one or more automatic increases in the stated amount thereof, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be the maximum stated amount of such Letter of Credit after giving effect to all such increases, whether or not such maximum stated amount is in effect at such time. For clarity, the calculation of the amount of such Letter of Credit shall take into account any reduction on account of (a) any permanent reduction of such Letter of Credit or (b) any amount that is drawn, reimbursed and no longer available under such Letter of Credit. 1.07 Interest Rates. The Administrative Agent does not warrant, nor accept responsibility, nor shall the Administrative Agent have any liability with respect to the administration, submission or any other matter related to any reference rate referred to herein or with respect to any rate (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the selection of such rate and any related spread or other adjustment) that is an alternative or replacement for or successor to any such rate (including any Successor Rate) (or any component of any of the foregoing) or the effect of any of the foregoing, or of any Conforming Changes. The Administrative Agent and its affiliates or other related entities may engage in transactions or other activities that affect any reference rate 56 #4869-8209-4807v13 referred to herein, or any alternative, successor or replacement rate (including any Successor Rate) (or any component of any of the foregoing) or any related spread or other adjustments thereto, in each case, in a manner adverse to the Borrower. The Administrative Agent may select information sources or services in its reasonable discretion to ascertain any reference rate referred to herein or any alternative, successor or replacement rate (including any Successor Rate) (or any component of any of the foregoing), in each case pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and shall have no liability to the Borrower, any Lender or any other person or entity for damages of any kind, including direct or indirect, special, punitive, incidental or consequential damages, costs, losses or expenses (whether in tort, contract or otherwise and whether at law or in equity), for any error or other action or omission related to or affecting the selection, determination, or calculation of any rate (or component thereof) provided by any such information source or service. 1.08 UCC Terms. Terms defined in the UCC in effect on the Closing Date and not otherwise defined herein shall, unless the context otherwise indicates, have the meanings provided by those definitions. Subject to the foregoing, the term “UCC” refers, as of any date of determination, to the UCC then in effect. ARTICLE II COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT EXTENSIONS 2.01 Loans. (a) Revolving Borrowings. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, each Lender severally, not jointly, agrees to make loans (each such loan, a “Revolving Loan”) to the Borrower, in Dollars, from time to time, on any Business Day during the Availability Period, in an aggregate amount not to exceed at any time outstanding the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Commitment; provided, however, that after giving effect to any Revolving Borrowing, (a) the Total Revolving Outstandings shall not exceed the lesser of the Revolving Commitment of all the Lenders and the Borrowing Base, and (b) the Revolving Exposure of any Lender shall not exceed such Lender’s Revolving Commitment. Within the limits of each Lender’s Revolving Commitment, and subject to the other terms and conditions hereof, the Borrower may borrow Revolving Loans, prepay under Section 2.05, and reborrow under this Section 2.01(b). Revolving Loans may be Base Rate Loans or Term SOFR Loans, as further provided herein; provided, however, any Revolving Borrowings made on the Closing Date or any of the three (3) Business Days following the Closing Date shall be made as Base Rate Loans unless the Borrower delivers a Funding Indemnity Letter not less than three (3) Business Days prior to the date of such Revolving Borrowing. 2.02 Borrowings, Conversions and Continuations of Loans. (a) Notice of Borrowing. Each Borrowing, each conversion of Loans from one Type to the other, and each continuation of Term SOFR Loans shall be made upon the Borrower’s irrevocable notice to the Administrative Agent, which may be given by: (i) telephone or (ii) delivery of a Loan Notice; provided that any telephonic notice must be confirmed immediately by delivery to the Administrative Agent of a Loan Notice. Each such Loan Notice must be received by the Administrative Agent not later than 1:00 p.m. (A) two (2) Business Days prior to the requested date of any Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Term SOFR Loans or of any conversion of Term SOFR Loans to Base Rate Loans, and (B) on the requested date of any Borrowing of Base Rate Loans; provided, however, that if the Borrower wishes to request Term SOFR Loans having an Interest Period other than one, three or six months in duration as provided in the definition of 57 #4869-8209-4807v13 “Interest Period,” the applicable notice must be received by the Administrative Agent not later than 1:00 p.m. four (4) Business Days prior to the requested date of such Borrowing, conversion or continuation, whereupon the Administrative Agent shall give prompt notice to the Lenders of such request and determine whether the requested Interest Period is acceptable to all of them. Not later than 1:00 p.m., three (3) Business Days before the requested date of such Borrowing, conversion or continuation, the Administrative Agent shall notify the Borrower (which notice may be by telephone) whether or not the requested Interest Period has been consented to by all the Lenders and the Administrative Agent. Each Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Term SOFR Loans shall be in a principal amount of $5,000,000 or a whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof. Except as provided in Sections 2.03(f) and 2.04(c), each Borrowing of or conversion to Base Rate Loans shall be in a principal amount of $500,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof. Each Loan Notice and each telephonic notice shall specify (I) the Facility and whether the Borrower is requesting a Borrowing, a conversion of Loans from one Type to the other, or a continuation of Loans, as the case may be, under such Facility, (II) the requested date of the Borrowing, conversion or continuation, as the case may be (which shall be a Business Day), (III) the principal amount of Loans to be borrowed, converted or continued, (IV) the Type of Loans to be borrowed or to which existing Loans are to be converted, and (V) if applicable, the duration of the Interest Period with respect thereto. If the Borrower fails to specify a Type of Loan in a Loan Notice or if the Borrower fails to give a timely notice requesting a conversion or continuation, then the applicable Loans shall be made as, or converted to, Base Rate Loans. Any such automatic conversion to Base Rate Loans shall be effective as of the last day of the Interest Period then in effect with respect to the applicable Term SOFR Loans. If the Borrower requests a Borrowing of, conversion to, or continuation of Term SOFR Loans in any such Loan Notice, but fails to specify an Interest Period, it will be deemed to have specified an Interest Period of one (1) month. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, a Swingline Loan may not be converted to a Term SOFR Loan. (b) Advances. Following receipt of a Loan Notice for a Facility, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Appropriate Lender of the amount of its Applicable Percentage under such Facility of the applicable Loans, and if no timely notice of a conversion or continuation is provided by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall notify each Appropriate Lender of the details of any automatic conversion to Base Rate Loans described in Section 2.02(a). In the case of a Borrowing, each Appropriate Lender shall make the amount of its Loan available to the Administrative Agent in immediately available funds at the Administrative Agent’s Office not later than 1:00 p.m. with respect to any Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Term SOFR Loans or 3:00 p.m. with respect to any Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Base Rate Loans on the Business Day specified in the applicable Loan Notice. Upon satisfaction of the applicable conditions set forth in Section 4.02 (and, if such Borrowing is the initial Credit Extension, Section 4.01), the Administrative Agent shall make all funds so received available to the Borrower in like funds as received by the Administrative Agent either by (i) crediting the account of the Borrower on the books of Bank of America with the amount of such funds or (ii) wire transfer of such funds, in each case in accordance with instructions provided to (and reasonably acceptable to) the Administrative Agent by the Borrower; provided, however, that if, on the date a Loan Notice with respect to a Revolving Borrowing is given by the Borrower, there are L/C Borrowings outstanding, then the proceeds of such Revolving Borrowing, first, shall be applied to the payment in full of any such L/C Borrowings, and second, shall be made available to the Borrower as provided above. (c) Term SOFR Loans. Except as otherwise provided herein, a Term SOFR Loan may be continued or converted only on the last day of an Interest Period for such Term SOFR Loan. During the existence of a Default, no Loans may be requested as, converted to or continued as Term 58 #4869-8209-4807v13 SOFR Loans without the consent of the Required Lenders, and the Required Lenders may demand that any or all of the outstanding Term SOFR Loans be converted immediately to Base Rate Loans. (d) Interest Rates. Each determination of an interest rate by the Administrative Agent pursuant to any provision of this Agreement shall be conclusive and binding on the Borrower and the Lenders in the absence of manifest error. (e) Interest Periods. After giving effect to all Revolving Borrowings, all conversions of Revolving Loans from one Type to the other, and all continuations of Revolving Loans as the same Type, there shall not be more than ten (10) Interest Periods in effect in respect of the Facility. (f) Cashless Settlement Mechanism. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, any Lender may exchange, continue or rollover all or the portion of its Loans in connection with any refinancing, extension, loan modification or similar transaction permitted by the terms of this Agreement, pursuant to a cashless settlement mechanism approved by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and such Lender. (g) SOFR Conforming Changes. With respect to SOFR or Term SOFR, the Administrative Agent will have the right to make Conforming Changes from time to time, in consultation with the Borrower, and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Loan Document, any amendments implementing such Conforming Changes will become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement or any other Loan Document; provided that, with respect to any such amendment effected, the Administrative Agent shall post each such amendment implementing such Conforming Changes to the Borrower and the Lenders reasonably promptly after such amendment becomes effective. 2.03 Letters of Credit. (a) The Letter of Credit Commitment. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, in addition to the Loans provided for in Section 2.01, the Borrower may request that an L/C Issuer, in reliance on the agreements of the Lenders set forth in this Section 2.03, issue, at any time and from time to time during the Availability Period, Letters of Credit denominated in Dollars for its own account or the account of any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in such form as is acceptable to the Administrative Agent and such L/C Issuer in its reasonable determination. Letters of Credit issued hereunder shall constitute utilization of the Revolving Commitments. (b) Notice of Issuance, Amendment, Extension, Reinstatement or Renewal. (i) To request the issuance of a Letter of Credit (or the amendment of the terms and conditions, extension of the terms and conditions, extension of the expiration date, or reinstatement of amounts paid, or renewal of an outstanding Letter of Credit), the Borrower shall deliver (or transmit by electronic communication, if arrangements for doing so have been approved by the applicable L/C Issuer) to an L/C Issuer selected by it and to the Administrative Agent not later than 2:00 p.m. at least two (2) Business Days (or such later date and time as the Administrative Agent and such L/C Issuer may agree in a particular instance in their sole discretion) prior to the proposed issuance date or date of amendment, as the case may be a notice requesting the issuance of a Letter of Credit, or identifying the Letter of Credit to be amended, extended, reinstated or renewed, and specifying the date of issuance, amendment, extension, reinstatement or renewal (which shall be a Business Day), the date on which such Letter of Credit is to expire (which shall comply with Section 2.03(d)), the amount of such Letter of Credit, the name and address


 
59 #4869-8209-4807v13 of the beneficiary thereof, the purpose and nature of the requested Letter of Credit and such other information as shall be necessary to prepare, amend, extend, reinstate or renew such Letter of Credit. If requested by the applicable L/C Issuer, the Borrower also shall submit a letter of credit application and reimbursement agreement on such L/C Issuer’s standard form in connection with any request for a Letter of Credit. In the event of any inconsistency between the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the terms and conditions of any form of letter of credit application and reimbursement agreement or other agreement submitted by the Borrower to, or entered into by the Borrower with, an L/C Issuer relating to any Letter of Credit, the terms and conditions of this Agreement shall control. (c) Limitations on Amounts, Issuance and Amendment. A Letter of Credit shall be issued, amended, extended, reinstated or renewed only if (and upon issuance, amendment, extension, reinstatement or renewal of each Letter of Credit the Borrower shall be deemed to represent and warrant that), after giving effect to such issuance, amendment, extension, reinstatement or renewal (w) the aggregate amount of the outstanding Letters of Credit issued by any L/C Issuer shall not exceed its L/C Commitment, (x) the aggregate L/C Obligations shall not exceed the Letter of Credit Sublimit, (y) the Revolving Exposure of any Lender shall not exceed its Revolving Commitment and (z) the Total Revolving Exposure shall not exceed the total Revolving Commitments. (i) No L/C Issuer shall be under any obligation to issue any Letter of Credit if: (A) any order, judgment or decree of any Governmental Authority or arbitrator shall by its terms purport to enjoin or restrain such L/C Issuer from issuing the Letter of Credit, or any Law applicable to such L/C Issuer or any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) from any Governmental Authority with jurisdiction over such L/C Issuer shall prohibit, or request that such L/C Issuer refrain from, the issuance of letters of credit generally or the Letter of Credit in particular or shall impose upon such L/C Issuer with respect to the Letter of Credit any restriction, reserve or capital requirement (for which such L/C Issuer is not otherwise compensated hereunder) not in effect on the Closing Date, or shall impose upon such L/C Issuer any unreimbursed loss, cost or expense which was not applicable on the Closing Date and which such L/C Issuer in good faith deems material to it; (B) the issuance of such Letter of Credit would violate one or more policies of such L/C Issuer applicable to letters of credit generally; (C) except as otherwise agreed by the Administrative Agent and such L/C Issuer, the Letter of Credit is in an initial stated amount less than $100,000, in the case of a commercial Letter of Credit, or $500,000, in the case of a standby Letter of Credit; (D) any Lender is at that time a Defaulting Lender, unless such L/C Issuer has entered into arrangements, including the delivery of Cash Collateral, satisfactory to such L/C Issuer (in its sole discretion) with the Borrower or such Lender to eliminate such L/C Issuer’s actual or potential Fronting Exposure (after giving effect to Section 2.15(a)(iv)) with respect to the Defaulting Lender arising from either the Letter of Credit then proposed to be issued or that Letter of Credit 60 #4869-8209-4807v13 and all other L/C Obligations as to which such L/C Issuer has actual or potential Fronting Exposure, as it may elect in its sole discretion; or (E) the Letter of Credit contains any provisions for automatic reinstatement of the stated amount after any drawing thereunder. (ii) No L/C Issuer shall be under any obligation to amend any Letter of Credit if (A) such L/C Issuer would have no obligation at such time to issue the Letter of Credit in its amended form under the terms hereof, or (B) the beneficiary of the Letter of Credit does not accept the proposed amendment to the Letter of Credit. (d) Expiration Date. Each Letter of Credit shall have a stated expiration date no later than the earlier of (i) the date twelve (12) months after the date of the issuance of such Letter of Credit (or, in the case of any extension of the expiration date thereof, whether automatic or by amendment, twelve months after the then-current expiration date of such Letter of Credit) and (ii) the date that is five (5) Business Days prior to the Maturity Date. (e) Participations. (i) By the issuance of a Letter of Credit (or an amendment to a Letter of Credit increasing the amount or extending the expiration date thereof), and without any further action on the part of the applicable L/C Issuer or the Lenders, such L/C Issuer hereby grants to each Lender, and each Lender hereby acquires from such L/C Issuer, a participation in such Letter of Credit equal to such Lender’s Applicable Percentage of the aggregate amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit. Each Lender acknowledges and agrees that its obligation to acquire participations pursuant to this Section 2.03(e)(i) in respect of Letters of Credit is absolute, unconditional and irrevocable and shall not be affected by any circumstance whatsoever, including any amendment, extension, reinstatement or renewal of any Letter of Credit or the occurrence and continuance of a Default or reduction or termination of the Revolving Commitments. (ii) In consideration and in furtherance of the foregoing, each Lender hereby absolutely, unconditionally and irrevocably agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent, for account of the applicable L/C Issuer, such Lender’s Applicable Percentage of each L/C Disbursement made by an L/C Issuer not later than 1:00 p.m. on the Business Day specified in the notice provided by the Administrative Agent to the Lenders pursuant to Section 2.03(f) until such L/C Disbursement is reimbursed by the Borrower or at any time after any reimbursement payment is required to be refunded to the Borrower for any reason, including after the Maturity Date. Such payment shall be made without any offset, abatement, withholding or reduction whatsoever. Each such payment shall be made in the same manner as provided in Section 2.02 with respect to Loans made by such Lender (and Section 2.02 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to the payment obligations of the Lenders pursuant to this Section 2.03), and the Administrative Agent shall promptly pay to the applicable L/C Issuer the amounts so received by it from the Lenders. Promptly following receipt by the Administrative Agent of any payment from the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.03(f), the Administrative Agent shall distribute such payment to the applicable L/C Issuer or, to the extent that the Lenders have made payments pursuant to this Section 2.03(e) to reimburse such L/C Issuer, then to such Lenders and such L/C Issuer as their interests may appear. Any payment made by a Lender pursuant to this Section 2.03(e) to reimburse an L/C Issuer for any L/C Disbursement shall not constitute a Loan and shall not relieve the Borrower of its obligation to reimburse such L/C Disbursement. 61 #4869-8209-4807v13 (iii) Each Lender further acknowledges and agrees that its participation in each Letter of Credit will be automatically adjusted to reflect such Lender’s Applicable Percentage of the aggregate amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit at each time such Lender’s Commitment is amended pursuant to the operation of Section 2.16, as a result of an assignment in accordance with Section 11.06 or otherwise pursuant to this Agreement. (iv) If any Lender fails to make available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the applicable L/C Issuer any amount required to be paid by such Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.03(e), then, without limiting the other provisions of this Agreement, the applicable L/C Issuer shall be entitled to recover from such Lender (acting through the Administrative Agent), on demand, such amount with interest thereon for the period from the date such payment is required to the date on which such payment is immediately available to such L/C Issuer at a rate per annum equal to the greater of the applicable Overnight Rate and a rate determined by the applicable L/C Issuer in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation, plus any administrative, processing or similar fees customarily charged by such L/C Issuer in connection with the foregoing. If such Lender pays such amount (with interest and fees as aforesaid), the amount so paid shall constitute such Lender’s Revolving Loan included in the relevant Revolving Borrowing or L/C Advance in respect of the relevant L/C Borrowing, as the case may be. A certificate of any L/C Issuer submitted to any Lender (through the Administrative Agent) with respect to any amounts owing under this Section 2.03(e)(iv) shall be conclusive absent manifest error. (f) Reimbursement. If an L/C Issuer shall make any L/C Disbursement in respect of a Letter of Credit, the Borrower shall reimburse such L/C Issuer in respect of such L/C Disbursement by paying to the Administrative Agent an amount equal to such L/C Disbursement not later than 12:00 noon on (i) the Business Day that the Borrower receives notice of such L/C Disbursement, if such notice is received prior to 10:00 a.m. or (ii) the Business Day immediately following the day that the Borrower receives such notice, if such notice is not received prior to such time, provided that, if such L/C Disbursement is not less than $1,000,000, the Borrower may, subject to the conditions to borrowing set forth herein, request in accordance with Section 2.02 or Section 2.04 that such payment be financed with a Borrowing of Base Rate Loans or Swingline Loan in an equivalent amount and, to the extent so financed, the Borrower’s obligation to make such payment shall be discharged and replaced by the resulting Borrowing of Base Rate Loans or Swingline Loan. If the Borrower fails to make such payment when due, the Administrative Agent shall notify each Lender of the applicable L/C Disbursement, the payment then due from the Borrower in respect thereof (the “Unreimbursed Amount”) and such Lender’s Applicable Percentage thereof. Promptly upon receipt of such notice, each Lender shall pay to the Administrative Agent its Applicable Percentage of the Unreimbursed Amount pursuant to Section 2.03(e)(ii), subject to the amount of the unutilized portion of the aggregate Revolving Commitments. Any notice given by any L/C Issuer or the Administrative Agent pursuant to this Section 2.03(f) may be given by telephone if immediately confirmed in writing; provided that the lack of such an immediate confirmation shall not affect the conclusiveness or binding effect of such notice. (g) Obligations Absolute. The Borrower’s obligation to reimburse L/C disbursements as provided in Section 2.03(f) shall be absolute, unconditional and irrevocable, and shall be performed strictly in accordance with the terms of this Agreement under any and all circumstances whatsoever and irrespective of: 62 #4869-8209-4807v13 (i) any lack of validity or enforceability of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any Letter of Credit, or any term or provision herein or therein; (ii) the existence of any claim, counterclaim, setoff, defense or other right that the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary may have at any time against any beneficiary or any transferee of such Letter of Credit (or any Person for whom any such beneficiary or any such transferee may be acting), any L/C Issuer or any other Person, whether in connection with this Agreement, the transactions contemplated hereby or by such Letter of Credit or any agreement or instrument relating thereto, or any unrelated transaction; (iii) any draft, demand, certificate or other document presented under such Letter of Credit proving to be forged, fraudulent, invalid or insufficient in any respect or any statement in such draft or other document being untrue or inaccurate in any respect; or any loss or delay in the transmission or otherwise of any document required in order to make a drawing under such Letter of Credit; (iv) waiver by any L/C Issuer of any requirement that exists for such L/C Issuer’s protection and not the protection of the Borrower or any waiver by such L/C Issuer which does not in fact materially prejudice the Borrower; (v) honor of a demand for payment presented electronically even if such Letter of Credit required that demand be in the form of a draft; (vi) any payment made by any L/C Issuer in respect of an otherwise complying item presented after the date specified as the expiration date of, or the date by which documents must be received under such Letter of Credit if presentation after such date is authorized by the UCC, the ISP or the UCP, as applicable; (vii) payment by the applicable L/C Issuer under a Letter of Credit against presentation of a draft or other document that does not comply strictly with the terms of such Letter of Credit; or any payment made by any L/C Issuer under such Letter of Credit to any Person purporting to be a trustee in bankruptcy, debtor-in-possession, assignee for the benefit of creditors, liquidator, receiver or other representative of or successor to any beneficiary or any transferee of such Letter of Credit, including any arising in connection with any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law; or (viii) any other event or circumstance whatsoever, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing, that might, but for the provisions of this Section 2.03, constitute a legal or equitable discharge of, or provide a right of setoff against, the Borrower’s obligations hereunder. (h) Examination. The Borrower shall promptly examine a copy of each Letter of Credit and each amendment thereto that is delivered to it and, in the event of any claim of noncompliance with the Borrower’s instructions or other irregularity, the Borrower will immediately notify the applicable L/C Issuer. The Borrower shall be conclusively deemed to have waived any such claim against each L/C Issuer and its correspondents unless such notice is given as aforesaid. (i) Liability. None of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, any L/C Issuer, or any of their Related Parties shall have any liability or responsibility by reason of or in connection with the issuance or transfer of any Letter of Credit by the applicable L/C Issuer or any payment or failure to make any payment thereunder (irrespective of any of the circumstances referred to in the


 
63 #4869-8209-4807v13 preceding sentence), or any error, omission, interruption, loss or delay in transmission or delivery of any draft, notice or other communication under or relating to any Letter of Credit (including any document required to make a drawing thereunder), any error in interpretation of technical terms, any error in translation or any consequence arising from causes beyond the control of the applicable L/C Issuer; provided that the foregoing shall not be construed to excuse an L/C Issuer from liability to the Borrower to the extent of any direct damages (as opposed to consequential damages, claims in respect of which are hereby waived by the Borrower to the extent permitted by Applicable Law) suffered by the Borrower that are caused by such L/C Issuer’s failure to exercise care when determining whether drafts and other documents presented under a Letter of Credit comply with the terms thereof. The parties hereto expressly agree that, in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of an L/C Issuer (as finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction), an L/C Issuer shall be deemed to have exercised care in each such determination, and that: (i) an L/C Issuer may replace a purportedly lost, stolen, or destroyed original Letter of Credit or missing amendment thereto with a certified true copy marked as such or waive a requirement for its presentation; (ii) an L/C Issuer may accept documents that appear on their face to be in substantial compliance with the terms of a Letter of Credit without responsibility for further investigation, regardless of any notice or information to the contrary, and may make payment upon presentation of documents that appear on their face to be in substantial compliance with the terms of such Letter of Credit and without regard to any non- documentary condition in such Letter of Credit; (iii) an L/C Issuer shall have the right, in its sole discretion, to decline to accept such documents and to make such payment if such documents are not in strict compliance with the terms of such Letter of Credit; and (iv) this sentence shall establish the standard of care to be exercised by an L/C Issuer when determining whether drafts and other documents presented under a Letter of Credit comply with the terms thereof (and the parties hereto hereby waive, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, any standard of care inconsistent with the foregoing). Without limiting the foregoing, none of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, an L/C Issuer, or any of their Related Parties shall have any liability or responsibility by reason of (A) any presentation that includes forged or fraudulent documents or that is otherwise affected by the fraudulent, bad faith, or illegal conduct of the beneficiary or other Person, (B) an L/C Issuer declining to take-up documents and make payment, (C) against documents that are fraudulent, forged, or for other reasons by which that it is entitled not to honor, (D) following a the Borrower’s waiver of discrepancies with respect to such documents or request for honor of such documents or (E) an L/C Issuer retaining proceeds of a Letter of Credit based on an apparently applicable attachment order, blocking regulation, or third-party claim notified to such L/C Issuer. (j) Applicability of ISP and UCP. Unless otherwise expressly agreed by the applicable L/C Issuer and the Borrower when a Letter of Credit is issued by it (including any such agreement applicable to an existing Letter of Credit), (i) the rules of the ISP shall apply to each standby Letter of Credit, and (ii) the rules of the UCP shall apply to each commercial Letter of Credit. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no L/C Issuer shall be responsible to the Borrower for, and no L/C Issuer’s rights and remedies against the Borrower shall be impaired by, any action or inaction of 64 #4869-8209-4807v13 any L/C Issuer required or permitted under any law, order, or practice that is required or permitted to be applied to any Letter of Credit or this Agreement, including the Law or any order of a jurisdiction where any L/C Issuer or the beneficiary is located, the practice stated in the ISP or UCP, as applicable, or in the decisions, opinions, practice statements, or official commentary of the ICC Banking Commission, the Bankers Association for Finance and Trade – International Financial Services Association (BAFT-IFSA), or the Institute of International Banking Law & Practice, whether or not any Letter of Credit chooses such law or practice. (k) Benefits. Each L/C Issuer shall act on behalf of the Lenders with respect to any Letters of Credit issued by it and the documents associated therewith, and each L/C Issuer shall have all of the benefits and immunities (i) provided to the Administrative Agent in Article IX with respect to any acts taken or omissions suffered by such L/C Issuer in connection with Letters of Credit issued by it or proposed to be issued by it and Issuer Documents pertaining to such Letters of Credit as fully as if the term “Administrative Agent” as used in Article IX included such L/C Issuer with respect to such acts or omissions, and (ii) as additionally provided herein with respect to such L/C Issuer. (l) Letter of Credit Fees. The Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Lender in accordance with its Applicable Revolving Percentage a Letter of Credit fee (the “Letter of Credit Fee”) for each Letter of Credit equal to the Applicable Rate times the daily amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit. Letter of Credit Fees shall be (i) payable on the first Business Day following the end of each March, June, September and December, commencing with the first such date to occur after the issuance of such Letter of Credit and (ii) accrued through and including the last day of each calendar quarter in arrears. If there is any change in the Applicable Rate during any quarter, the daily amount available to be drawn under each Letter of Credit shall be computed and multiplied by the Applicable Rate separately for each period during such quarter that such Applicable Rate was in effect. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, upon the request of the Required Lenders, while any Event of Default exists, all Letter of Credit Fees shall accrue at the Default Rate. (m) Fronting Fee and Documentary and Processing Charges Payable to L/C Issuers. The Borrower shall pay directly to the applicable L/C Issuer for its own account a fronting fee with respect to each Letter of Credit, at the rate per annum equal to the percentage separately agreed upon between the Borrower and such L/C Issuer, computed on the daily amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit on a quarterly basis in arrears. Such fronting fee shall be due and payable no later than the tenth Business Day after the end of each March, June, September and December in the most recently- ended quarterly period (or portion thereof, in the case of the first payment), commencing with the first such date to occur after the issuance of such Letter of Credit, on the Maturity Date and thereafter on demand. For purposes of computing the daily amount available to be drawn under any Letter of Credit, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.06. In addition, the Borrower shall pay directly to the applicable L/C Issuer for its own account, in Dollars the customary issuance, presentation, amendment and other processing fees, and other standard costs and charges, of such L/C Issuer relating to letters of credit as from time to time in effect. Such customary fees and standard costs and charges are due and payable on demand and are nonrefundable. (n) Disbursement Procedures. The L/C Issuer for any Letter of Credit shall, within the time allowed by Applicable Laws or the specific terms of the Letter of Credit following its receipt thereof, examine all documents purporting to represent a demand for payment under such Letter of Credit. Such L/C Issuer shall promptly after such examination notify the Administrative Agent and the Borrower in writing of such demand for payment if such L/C Issuer has made or will make an 65 #4869-8209-4807v13 L/C Disbursement thereunder; provided that any failure to give or delay in giving such notice shall not relieve the Borrower of its obligation to reimburse such L/C Issuer and the Lenders with respect to any such L/C Disbursement. (o) Interim Interest. If the L/C Issuer for any standby Letter of Credit shall make any L/C Disbursement, then, unless the Borrower shall reimburse such L/C Disbursement in full on the date such L/C Disbursement is made, the unpaid amount thereof shall bear interest, for each day from and including the date such L/C Disbursement is made to but excluding the date that the Borrower reimburses such L/C Disbursement, at the rate per annum then applicable to Base Rate Loans; provided that if the Borrower fails to reimburse such L/C Disbursement when due pursuant to clause (f) of this Section 2.03, then Section 2.08(b) shall apply. Interest accrued pursuant to this clause (p) shall be for account of such L/C Issuer, except that interest accrued on and after the date of payment by any Lender pursuant to clause (f) of this Section 2.03 to reimburse such L/C Issuer shall be for account of such Lender to the extent of such payment. (p) Replacement of any L/C Issuer. Any L/C Issuer may be replaced at any time by written agreement between the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the replaced L/C Issuer and the successor L/C Issuer. The Administrative Agent shall notify the Lenders of any such replacement of an L/C Issuer. At the time any such replacement shall become effective, the Borrower shall pay all unpaid fees accrued for the account of the replaced L/C Issuer pursuant to Section 2.03(l). From and after the effective date of any such replacement, (i) the successor L/C Issuer shall have all the rights and obligations of an L/C Issuer under this Agreement with respect to Letters of Credit to be issued by it thereafter and (ii) references herein to the term “L/C Issuer” shall be deemed to include such successor or any previous L/C Issuer, or such successor and all previous L/C Issuer, as the context shall require. After the replacement of an L/C Issuer hereunder, the replaced L/C Issuer shall remain a party hereto and shall continue to have all the rights and obligations of an L/C Issuer under this Agreement with respect to Letters of Credit issued by it prior to such replacement, but shall not be required to issue additional Letters of Credit. (q) Cash Collateralization. (i) If any Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, on the Business Day that the Borrower receives notice from the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders (or, if the maturity of the Loans has been accelerated, Lenders with L/C Obligations representing at least 66-2/3% of the total L/C Obligations) demanding the deposit of Cash Collateral pursuant to this clause (q), the Borrower shall immediately deposit into an account established and maintained on the books and records of the Administrative Agent (the “Collateral Account”) Cash Collateral in cash equal to the Minimum Collateral Amount, provided that the obligation to deposit such Cash Collateral shall become effective immediately, and such deposit shall become immediately due and payable, without demand or other notice of any kind, upon the occurrence of any Event of Default with respect to the Borrower described in clause (f) of Section 8.01. Such deposit shall be held by the Administrative Agent as collateral for the payment and performance of the obligations of the Borrower under this Agreement. In addition, and without limiting the foregoing or clause (d) of this Section 2.03, if any L/C Obligations remain outstanding after the expiration date specified in said clause (d), the Borrower shall immediately deposit into the Collateral Account Cash Collateral in cash in an amount equal to the Minimum Collateral Amount. (ii) The Administrative Agent shall have exclusive dominion and control, including the exclusive right of withdrawal, over the Collateral Account. Other than any 66 #4869-8209-4807v13 interest earned on the investment of such deposits, which investments shall be made at the option and sole discretion of the Administrative Agent and at the Borrower’s risk and expense, such deposits shall not bear interest. Interest or profits, if any, on such investments shall accumulate in the Collateral Account. Moneys in the Collateral Account shall be applied by the Administrative Agent to reimburse each L/C Issuer for L/C disbursements for which it has not been reimbursed, together with related fees, costs, and customary processing charges, and, to the extent not so applied, shall be held for the satisfaction of the reimbursement obligations of the Borrower for the L/C Obligations at such time or, if the maturity of the Loans has been accelerated (but subject to the consent of Lenders with L/C Obligations representing 66-2/3% of the total L/C Obligations), be applied to satisfy other obligations of the Borrower under this Agreement. If the Borrower is required to provide an amount of Cash Collateral hereunder as a result of the occurrence of an Event of Default, such amount (to the extent not applied as aforesaid) shall be returned to the Borrower within three (3) Business Days after all Events of Default have been cured or waived. (r) L/C Issuer Reports to the Administrative Agent. Unless otherwise agreed by the Administrative Agent, each L/C Issuer shall, in addition to its notification obligations set forth elsewhere in this Section 2.03, provide the Administrative Agent a Letter of Credit Report, as set forth below: (i) reasonably prior to the time that such L/C Issuer issues, amends, renews, increases or extends a Letter of Credit, the date of such issuance, amendment, renewal, increase or extension and the stated amount of the applicable Letters of Credit after giving effect to such issuance, amendment, renewal or extension (and whether the amounts thereof shall have changed); (ii) on each Business Day on which such L/C Issuer makes a payment pursuant to a Letter of Credit, the date and amount of such payment; (iii) on any Business Day on which the Borrower fails to reimburse a payment made pursuant to a Letter of Credit required to be reimbursed to such L/C Issuer on such day, the date of such failure and the amount of such payment; (iv) on any other Business Day, such other information as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably request as to the Letters of Credit issued by such L/C Issuer; and (v) for so long as any Letter of Credit issued by an L/C Issuer is outstanding, such L/C Issuer shall deliver to the Administrative Agent (A) on the last Business Day of each calendar month, (B) at all other times a Letter of Credit Report is required to be delivered pursuant to this Agreement, and (C) on each date that (1) an L/C Credit Extension occurs or (2) there is any expiration, cancellation and/or disbursement, in each case, with respect to any such Letter of Credit, a Letter of Credit Report appropriately completed with the information for every outstanding Letter of Credit issued by such L/C Issuer. (s) Additional L/C Issuers. Any Lender hereunder may become an L/C Issuer upon receipt by the Administrative Agent of a fully executed Notice of Additional L/C Issuer which shall be signed by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and each L/C Issuer. Such new L/C Issuer shall provide its L/C Commitment in such Notice of Additional L/C Issuer and upon the receipt by the Administrative Agent of the fully executed Notice of Additional L/C Issuer, the defined term


 
67 #4869-8209-4807v13 L/C Commitment shall be deemed amended to incorporate the L/C Commitment of such new L/C Issuer. (t) Conflict with Issuer Documents. In the event of any conflict between the terms hereof and the terms of any Issuer Document, the terms hereof shall control. 2.04 Swingline Loans. (a) The Swingline. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Swingline Lender, in reliance upon the agreements of the other Lenders set forth in this Section 2.04, shall make loans to the Borrower (each such loan, a “Swingline Loan”) in an aggregate amount not to exceed the Swingline Lender’s Swingline Commitment. Each such Swingline Loan shall be made, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, to the Borrower, in Dollars, from time to time on any Business Day during the Availability Period in an aggregate amount not to exceed at any time outstanding the amount of the Swingline Sublimit; provided, however, that (i) after giving effect to any Swingline Loan, (A) the Total Revolving Outstandings shall not exceed the Facility at such time, and (B) the Revolving Exposure of any Lender at such time shall not exceed such Lender’s Revolving Commitment, (ii) the Borrower shall not use the proceeds of any Swingline Loan to refinance any outstanding Swingline Loan, and (iii) the Swingline Lender shall not be under any obligation to make any Swingline Loan if it shall determine (which determination shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error) that it has, or by such Credit Extension may have, Fronting Exposure. Within the foregoing limits, and subject to the other terms and conditions hereof, the Borrower may borrow under this Section 2.04, prepay under Section 2.05, and reborrow under this Section 2.04. Each Swingline Loan shall bear interest only at a rate based on the Base Rate plus the Applicable Rate. Immediately upon the making of a Swingline Loan, each Lender shall be deemed to, and hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees to, purchase from the applicable Swingline Lender a risk participation in such Swingline Loan in an amount equal to the product of such Lender’s Applicable Revolving Percentage times the amount of such Swingline Loan. (b) Borrowing Procedures. Each Swingline Borrowing shall be made upon the Borrower’s irrevocable notice to the applicable Swingline Lender and the Administrative Agent, which may be given by: (i) telephone or (ii) delivery of a Swingline Loan Notice; provided that any telephonic notice must be confirmed immediately by delivery to the applicable Swingline Lender and the Administrative Agent of a Swingline Loan Notice. Each such Swingline Loan Notice must be received by the Swingline Lender and the Administrative Agent not later than 2:00 p.m. on the requested borrowing date, and shall specify (A) the amount to be borrowed, which shall be a minimum of $100,000, and (B) the requested date of the Borrowing (which shall be a Business Day). Promptly after receipt by the Swingline Lender of any Swingline Loan Notice, the Swingline Lender will confirm with the Administrative Agent (by telephone or in writing) that the Administrative Agent has also received such Swingline Loan Notice and, if not, the Swingline Lender will notify the Administrative Agent (by telephone or in writing) of the contents thereof. Unless the Swingline Lender has received notice (by telephone or in writing) from the Administrative Agent (including at the request of any Lender) prior to 2:00 p.m. on the date of the proposed Swingline Borrowing (1) directing the Swingline Lender not to make such Swingline Loan as a result of the limitations set forth in the first proviso to the first sentence of Section 2.04(a), or (2) that one or more of the applicable conditions specified in Article IV is not then satisfied, then, subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Swingline Lender will, not later than 3:00 68 #4869-8209-4807v13 p.m. on the borrowing date specified in such Swingline Loan Notice, make the amount of its Swingline Loan available to the Borrower at its office by crediting the account of the Borrower on the books of the Swingline Lender in immediately available funds. (c) Refinancing of Swingline Loans. (i) The Swingline Lender at any time in its sole and absolute discretion may request, on behalf of the Borrower (which hereby irrevocably authorizes the Swingline Lender to so request on its behalf), that each Lender make a Base Rate Loan in an amount equal to such Lender’s Applicable Revolving Percentage of the amount of Swingline Loans then outstanding. Such request shall be made in writing (which written request shall be deemed to be a Loan Notice for purposes hereof) and in accordance with the requirements of Section 2.02, without regard to the minimum and multiples specified therein for the principal amount of Base Rate Loans, but subject to the unutilized portion of the Facility and the conditions set forth in Section 4.02. The Swingline Lender shall furnish the Borrower with a copy of the applicable Loan Notice promptly after delivering such notice to the Administrative Agent. Each Lender shall make an amount equal to its Applicable Revolving Percentage of the amount specified in such Loan Notice available to the Administrative Agent in immediately available funds for the account of the Swingline Lender at the Administrative Agent’s Office not later than 1:00 p.m. on the day specified in such Loan Notice, whereupon, subject to Section 2.04(c)(ii), each Lender that so makes funds available shall be deemed to have made a Base Rate Loan to the Borrower in such amount. The Administrative Agent shall remit the funds so received to the Swingline Lender. (ii) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the foregoing, if for any reason any Swingline Loan cannot be refinanced by such a Revolving Borrowing in accordance with Section 2.04(c)(i) (including the failure to satisfy the conditions set forth in Section 4.02), the request for Base Rate Loans submitted by the Swingline Lender as set forth herein shall be deemed to be a request by the Swingline Lender that each of the Lenders fund its risk participation in the relevant Swingline Loan and each Lender’s payment to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Swingline Lender pursuant to Section 2.04(c)(i) shall be deemed payment in respect of such participation. (iii) If any Lender fails to make available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the applicable Swingline Lender any amount required to be paid by such Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.04(c) by the time specified in Section 2.04(c)(i), the applicable Swingline Lender shall be entitled to recover from such Lender (acting through the Administrative Agent), on demand, such amount with interest thereon for the period from the date such payment is required to the date on which such payment is immediately available to the Swingline Lender at a rate per annum equal to the applicable Overnight Rate from time to time in effect, plus any administrative, processing or similar fees customarily charged by the Swingline Lender in connection with the foregoing. If such Lender pays such amount (with interest and fees as aforesaid), the amount so paid shall constitute such Lender’s Revolving Loan included in the relevant Revolving Borrowing or funded participation in the relevant Swingline Loan, as the case may be. A certificate of the Swingline Lender submitted to any Lender (through the Administrative Agent) with respect to any amounts owing under this clause (c)(iii) shall be conclusive absent manifest error. 69 #4869-8209-4807v13 (iv) Each Lender’s obligation to make Revolving Loans or to purchase and fund risk participations in Swingline Loans pursuant to this Section 2.04(c) shall be absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance, including (A) any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, defense or other right which such Lender may have against the Swingline Lender, the Borrower or any other Person for any reason whatsoever, (B) the occurrence or continuance of a Default or (C) any other occurrence, event or condition, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing; provided, however, that each Lender’s obligation to make Revolving Loans pursuant to this Section 2.04(c) is subject to the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 (other than delivery by the Borrower of a Loan Notice). No such funding of risk participations shall relieve or otherwise impair the obligation of the Borrower to repay Swingline Loans, together with interest as provided herein. (d) Repayment of Participations. (i) At any time after any Lender has purchased and funded a risk participation in a Swingline Loan, if the Swingline Lender receives any payment on account of such Swingline Loan, the Swingline Lender will distribute to such Lender its Applicable Revolving Percentage thereof in the same funds as those received by the Swingline Lender. (ii) If any payment received by the applicable Swingline Lender in respect of principal or interest on any Swingline Loan is required to be returned by the Swingline Lender under any of the circumstances described in Section 11.05 (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the Swingline Lender in its discretion), each Lender shall pay to the applicable Swingline Lender its Applicable Revolving Percentage thereof on demand of the Administrative Agent, plus interest thereon from the date of such demand to the date such amount is returned, at a rate per annum equal to the applicable Overnight Rate. The Administrative Agent will make such demand upon the request of the Swingline Lender. The obligations of the Lenders under this clause shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of this Agreement. (e) Interest for Account of Swingline Lender. The Swingline Lender shall be responsible for invoicing the Borrower for interest on the applicable Swingline Loans. Until each Lender funds its Base Rate Loan or risk participation pursuant to this Section 2.04 to refinance such Lender’s Applicable Revolving Percentage of any Swingline Loan, interest in respect of such Applicable Revolving Percentage shall be solely for the account of the applicable Swingline Lender. (f) Payments Directly to Swingline Lender. The Borrower shall make all payments of principal and interest in respect of the Swingline Loans directly to the applicable Swingline Lender. 2.05 Prepayments. (a) Optional. (i) The Borrower may, upon notice to the Administrative Agent pursuant to delivery to the Administrative Agent of a Notice of Loan Prepayment, at any time or from time to time voluntarily prepay Revolving Loans in whole or in part without premium or penalty subject to Section 3.05; provided that, unless otherwise agreed by the Administrative Agent, (A) such notice must be received by the Administrative Agent not later than 2:00 p.m. two (2) Business Days prior to any date of prepayment of Term SOFR 70 #4869-8209-4807v13 Loans and (B) such notice must be received by the Administrative Agent not later than 2:00 p.m. on the date of prepayment of Base Rate Loans; (C) any prepayment of Term SOFR Loans shall be in a principal amount of $5,000,000 or a whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof; and (D) any prepayment of Base Rate Loans shall be in a principal amount of $500,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof or, in each case, if less, the entire principal amount thereof then outstanding. Each such notice shall specify the date and amount of such prepayment and the Type(s) of Loans to be prepaid and, if Term SOFR Loans are to be prepaid, the Interest Period(s) of such Loans. The Administrative Agent will promptly notify each Lender of its receipt of each such notice, and of the amount of such Lender’s ratable portion of such prepayment (based on such Lender’s Applicable Percentage in respect of the relevant Facility). If such notice is given by the Borrower, the Borrower shall make such prepayment and the payment amount specified in such notice shall be due and payable on the date specified therein. Any prepayment of any Term SOFR Loan shall be accompanied by all accrued interest on the amount prepaid, together with any additional amounts required pursuant to Section 3.05. Each prepayment of the outstanding Loans pursuant to this Section 2.05(a) shall be applied to the principal repayment installments thereof in inverse order of maturity. Subject to Section 2.15, such prepayments shall be paid to the Lenders in accordance with their respective Applicable Percentages in respect of each of the relevant Facility. (ii) The Borrower may, upon notice to the Swingline Lender pursuant to delivery to the Swingline Lender of a Notice of Loan Prepayment (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), at any time or from time to time, voluntarily prepay Swingline Loans in whole or in part without premium or penalty; provided that, unless otherwise agreed by the Swingline Lender, (A) such notice must be received by the Swingline Lender and the Administrative Agent not later than 2:00 p.m. on the date of the prepayment, and (B) any such prepayment shall be in a minimum principal amount of $100,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess hereof (or, if less, the entire principal thereof then outstanding). Each such notice shall specify the date and amount of such prepayment. If such notice is given by the Borrower, the Borrower shall make such prepayment and the payment amount specified in such notice shall be due and payable on the date specified therein. (b) Mandatory. Within three (3) Business Days of receiving written notice from the Administrative Agent that (a) the aggregate amount of the Loans then outstanding exceeds the Borrowing Base or (b)(i) the aggregate Net Book Value of all Eligible Engines, Eligible Equipment, Eligible Saleable Assets, and Eligible Specified Assets, in each case, included in the Borrowing Base exceeds (ii) the sum of the most recent Appraised Values of the foregoing, or, with respect to Parts included in the Borrowing Base in respect of which the Administrative Agent has not requested an Appraisal, the Net Book Value thereof (calculated in the case of both (i) and (ii) by multiplying such values times the applicable advance percentage specified therefor), the Borrower shall repay all or such portion of the Loans in an amount equal to the relevant amount determined pursuant to the definition of “Borrowing Base Deficiency” or “Appraisal Deficiency”, as applicable, (or, with respect to Letter of Credit Obligations, Cash Collateralize such Obligations to the extent necessary to eliminate such Borrowing Base Deficiency or Appraisal Deficiency after giving effect to any other repayment of outstanding Loans), together with any breakage fees; provided that with respect to an Appraisal Deficiency which is the result of the annual Appraisal or any other Appraisal requested by the Agent, such three (3) Business Day cure period shall be extended to the date which is ninety (90) days after the date the Borrower has received the final Appraisal required to be delivered as part of such annual or other Appraisal process.


 
71 #4869-8209-4807v13 2.06 Termination or Reduction of Commitments. (a) Optional. The Borrower may, upon notice to the Administrative Agent, terminate the Facility, the Letter of Credit Sublimit or the Swingline Sublimit, or from time to time permanently reduce the Facility, the Letter of Credit Sublimit or the Swingline Sublimit; provided that (i) any such notice shall be received by the Administrative Agent not later than 2:00 p.m. three (3) Business Days prior to the date of termination or reduction, (ii) any such partial reduction shall be in an aggregate amount of $10,000,000 or any whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof and (iii) the Borrower shall not terminate or reduce (A) the Facility if, after giving effect thereto and to any concurrent prepayments hereunder, the Total Revolving Outstandings would exceed the aggregate Commitments of all Lenders, (B) the Letter of Credit Sublimit if, after giving effect thereto, the Outstanding Amount of L/C Obligations not fully Cash Collateralized hereunder would exceed the Letter of Credit Sublimit, or (C) the Swingline Sublimit if, after giving effect thereto and to any concurrent prepayments hereunder, the Outstanding Amount of Swingline Loans would exceed the Letter of Credit Sublimit. (b) Application of Commitment Reductions; Payment of Fees. The Administrative Agent will promptly notify the Lenders of any termination or reduction of the Letter of Credit Sublimit, Swingline Sublimit or the Revolving Commitment under this Section 2.06. Upon any reduction of the Revolving Commitments, the Revolving Commitment of each Lender shall be reduced by such Lender’s Applicable Revolving Percentage of such amount of reduction. All fees in respect of the Facility accrued until the effective date of any termination of the Facility shall be paid on the effective date of such termination. 2.07 Repayment of Loans. (a) Revolving Loans. The Borrower shall repay to the Lenders on the Maturity Date for the Facility the aggregate principal amount of all Revolving Loans outstanding on such date. (b) Swingline Loans. The Borrower shall repay each Swingline Loan on the earlier to occur of (i) the date ten (10) Business Days after such Loan is made and (ii) the Maturity Date for the Facility, unless another date is otherwise agreed in writing between the Borrower and the applicable Swingline Lender. 2.08 Interest and Default Rate. (a) Interest. Subject to the provisions of Section 2.08(b), (i) each Term SOFR Loan under a Facility shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof for each Interest Period from the applicable Borrowing date at a rate per annum equal to Term SOFR for such Interest Period, plus (a) the CSA, as applicable and (b) the Applicable Rate for such Facility; (ii) each Base Rate Loan under a Facility shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof from the applicable Borrowing date at a rate per annum equal to the Base Rate plus the Applicable Rate for such Facility; and (iii) each Swingline Loan shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof from the applicable Borrowing date at a rate per annum equal to the Base Rate plus the Applicable Rate for the Facility. To the extent that any calculation of interest or any fee required to be paid under this Agreement shall be based on (or result in) a calculation that is less than zero, such calculation shall be deemed zero for purposes of this Agreement. 72 #4869-8209-4807v13 (b) Default Rate. (i) If any amount of principal of any Loan is not paid when due (without regard to any applicable grace periods), whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, then upon the request of the Required Lenders, such amount shall thereafter bear interest at a fluctuating interest rate per annum at all times equal to the Default Rate to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Laws. (ii) If any amount (other than principal of any Loan) payable by the Borrower under any Loan Document is not paid when due (without regard to any applicable grace periods), whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, then upon the request of the Required Lenders such amount shall thereafter bear interest at a fluctuating interest rate per annum at all times equal to the Default Rate to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Laws. (iii) Accrued and unpaid interest on past due amounts (including interest on past due interest) shall be due and payable upon demand. (c) Interest Payments. Interest on each Loan shall be due and payable in arrears on each Interest Payment Date applicable thereto and at such other times as may be specified herein. Interest hereunder shall be due and payable in accordance with the terms hereof before and after judgment, and before and after the commencement of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law. 2.09 Fees. In addition to certain fees described in clauses (l), (m) and (p) of Section 2.03: (a) Unused Line Fee. The Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Lender in accordance with its Applicable Revolving Percentage, payable quarterly in arrears, commencing on the first Business Day of the fiscal quarter beginning January 1, 2025 and ending on the Maturity Date, a fee equal to the Applicable Unused Line Fee Percentage times the actual daily amount by which the Facility exceeds the sum of (i) the Outstanding Amount of Revolving Loans and (ii) the Outstanding Amount of L/C Obligations, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 2.15 (the “Unused Line Fee”). For the avoidance of doubt, the Outstanding Amount of Swingline Loans shall not be counted towards or considered usage of the Facility for purposes of determining the Unused Line Fee. (b) Other Fees. (i) The Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent and the Arranger for its own account fees in the amounts and at the times specified in the Fee Letter. Such fees shall be fully earned when paid and shall not be refundable for any reason whatsoever. (ii) The Borrower shall pay to the Lenders such fees as shall have been separately agreed upon in writing in the amounts and at the times so specified. Such fees shall be fully earned when paid and shall not be refundable for any reason whatsoever. 2.10 Computation of Interest and Fees. All computations of interest for Base Rate Loans (including Base Rate Loans determined by reference to Term SOFR) shall be made on the basis of a year of 365 or 366 days, as the case may be, and 73 #4869-8209-4807v13 actual days elapsed. All other computations of fees and interest shall be made on the basis of a three hundred sixty (360) day year and actual days elapsed (which results in more fees or interest, as applicable, being paid than if computed on the basis of a 365 day year). Interest shall accrue on each Loan for the day on which the Loan is made, and shall not accrue on a Loan, or any portion thereof, for the day on which the Loan or such portion is paid, provided that any Loan that is repaid on the same day on which it is made shall, subject to Section 2.12(a), bear interest for one (1) day. Each determination by the Administrative Agent of an interest rate or fee hereunder shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error. 2.11 Evidence of Debt. (a) Maintenance of Accounts. The Credit Extensions made by each Lender shall be evidenced by one or more accounts or records maintained by such Lender in the ordinary course of business. The Administrative Agent shall maintain the Register in accordance with Section 11.06(c). The accounts or records maintained by each Lender shall be conclusive absent manifest error of the amount of the Credit Extensions made by the Lenders to the Borrower and the interest and payments thereon. Any failure to so record or any error in doing so shall not, however, limit or otherwise affect the obligation of the Borrower hereunder to pay any amount owing with respect to the Obligations. In the event of any conflict between the accounts and records maintained by any Lender and the Register, the Register shall control in the absence of manifest error. Upon the request of any Lender made through the Administrative Agent, the Borrower shall execute and deliver to such Lender (through the Administrative Agent) a Note, which shall evidence such Lender’s Loans in addition to such accounts or records. Each Lender may attach schedules to its Note and endorse thereon the date, Type (if applicable), amount and maturity of its Loans and payments with respect thereto. (b) Maintenance of Records. In addition to the accounts and records referred to in Section 2.11(a), each Lender and the Administrative Agent shall maintain in accordance with its usual practice accounts or records evidencing the purchases and sales by such Lender of participations in Letters of Credit and Swingline Loans. In the event of any conflict between the accounts and records maintained by the Administrative Agent and the accounts and records of any Lender in respect of such matters, the accounts and records of the Administrative Agent shall control in the absence of manifest error. 2.12 Payments Generally; the Administrative Agent’s Clawback. (a) General. All payments to be made by the Borrower shall be made free and clear of and without condition or deduction for any counterclaim, defense, recoupment or setoff. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all payments by the Borrower hereunder shall be made to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the respective Lenders to which such payment is owed, at the Administrative Agent’s Office in Dollars and in immediately available funds not later than 2:00 p.m. on the date specified herein. The Administrative Agent will promptly distribute to each Lender its Applicable Percentage in respect of the relevant Facility (or other applicable share as provided herein) of such payment in like funds as received by wire transfer to such Lender’s Lending Office. All payments received by the Administrative Agent after 2:00 p.m. shall be deemed received on the next succeeding Business Day and any applicable interest or fee shall continue to accrue. Subject to Section 2.07(a) and as otherwise specifically provided for in this Agreement, if any payment to be made by the Borrower shall come due on a day other than a Business Day, payment shall be made on the next following Business Day, and such extension of time shall be reflected in computing interest or fees, as the case may be. 74 #4869-8209-4807v13 (b) (i) Funding by Lenders; Presumption by the Administrative Agent. Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from a Lender prior to the proposed date of any Borrowing of Term SOFR Loans (or, in the case of any Borrowing of Base Rate Loans, prior to 12:00 noon on the date of such Borrowing) that such Lender will not make available to the Administrative Agent such Lender’s share of such Borrowing, the Administrative Agent may assume that such Lender has made such share available on such date in accordance with Section 2.02 (or, in the case of a Borrowing of Base Rate Loans, that such Lender has made such share available in accordance with and at the time required by Section 2.02) and may, in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the Borrower a corresponding amount. In such event, if a Lender has not in fact made its share of the applicable Borrowing available to the Administrative Agent, then the applicable Lender and the Borrower severally agree to pay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand such corresponding amount in immediately available funds with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is made available to the Borrower to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at (A) in the case of a payment to be made by such Lender, the Overnight Rate, plus any administrative, processing or similar fees customarily charged by the Administrative Agent in connection with the foregoing, and (B) in the case of a payment to be made by the Borrower, the interest rate applicable to Base Rate Loans. If the Borrower and such Lender shall pay such interest to the Administrative Agent for the same or an overlapping period, the Administrative Agent shall promptly remit to the Borrower the amount of such interest paid by the Borrower for such period. If such Lender pays its share of the applicable Borrowing to the Administrative Agent, then the amount so paid shall constitute such Lender’s Loan included in such Borrowing. Any payment by the Borrower shall be without prejudice to any claim the Borrower may have against a Lender that shall have failed to make such payment to the Administrative Agent. (ii) Payments by the Borrower; Presumptions by the Administrative Agent. Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from the Borrower prior to the date on which any payment is due to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders or any L/C Issuer hereunder that the Borrower will not make such payment, the Administrative Agent may assume that the Borrower has made such payment on such date in accordance herewith and may, in reliance upon such assumption, distribute to the Appropriate Lenders or the applicable L/C Issuers, as the case may be, the amount due. With respect to any payment that the Administrative Agent makes for the account of the Lenders or any L/C Issuer hereunder as to which the Administrative Agent determines (which determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error) that any of the following applies (such payment referred to as the “Rescindable Amount”): (1) the Borrower has not in fact made such payment; (2) the Administrative Agent has made a payment in excess of the amount so paid by the Borrower (whether or not then owed); or (3) the Administrative Agent has for any reason otherwise erroneously made such payment; then each of the Appropriate Lenders or the applicable L/C Issuers, as the case may be, severally agrees to repay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand the Rescindable Amount so distributed to such Lender or such L/C Issuer, in immediately available funds with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is distributed to it to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at the Overnight Rate. A notice of the Administrative Agent to any Lender or the Borrower with respect to any amount owing under this clause (b) shall be conclusive, absent manifest error. (c) Failure to Satisfy Conditions Precedent. If any Lender makes available to the Administrative Agent funds for any Loan to be made by such Lender as provided in the foregoing provisions of this Article II, and such funds are not made available to the Borrower by the


 
75 #4869-8209-4807v13 Administrative Agent because the conditions to the applicable Credit Extension set forth in Article IV are not satisfied or waived in accordance with the terms hereof, the Administrative Agent shall return such funds (in like funds as received from such Lender) to such Lender, without interest. (d) Obligations of Lenders Several. The obligations of the Lenders hereunder to make Loans, to fund participations in Letters of Credit and Swingline Loans and to make payments pursuant to Section 11.04(c) are several and not joint. The failure of any Lender to make any Loan, to fund any such participation or to make any payment under Section 11.04(c) on any date required hereunder shall not relieve any other Lender of its corresponding obligation to do so on such date, and no Lender shall be responsible for the failure of any other Lender to so make its Loan, to purchase its participation or to make its payment under Section 11.04(c). (e) Funding Source. Nothing herein shall be deemed to obligate any Lender to obtain the funds for any Loan in any particular place or manner or to constitute a representation by any Lender that it has obtained or will obtain the funds for any Loan in any particular place or manner. (f) Pro Rata Treatment. Except to the extent otherwise provided herein: (i) each Borrowing (other than Swingline Borrowings) shall be made from the Appropriate Lenders, each payment of fees under Section 2.09 and clauses (l), (m) and (p) of Section 2.03 shall be made for account of the Appropriate Lenders, and each termination or reduction of the amount of the Commitments shall be applied to the respective Commitments of the Lenders, pro rata according to the amounts of their respective Commitments; (ii) each Borrowing shall be allocated pro rata among the Lenders according to the amounts of their respective Commitments (in the case of the making of Revolving Loans) or their respective Loans that are to be included in such Borrowing (in the case of conversions and continuations of Loans); (iii) each payment or prepayment of principal of Loans by the Borrower shall be made for account of the Appropriate Lenders pro rata in accordance with the respective unpaid principal amounts of the Loans held by them; and (iv) each payment of interest on Loans by the Borrower shall be made for account of the Appropriate Lenders pro rata in accordance with the amounts of interest on such Loans then due and payable to the respective Appropriate Lenders. (g) Insufficient Funds. If at any time insufficient funds are received by and available to the Administrative Agent to pay fully all amounts of principal, L/C Borrowings, interest and fees then due hereunder, such funds shall be applied (i) first, toward payment of interest and fees then due hereunder, ratably among the parties entitled thereto in accordance with the amounts of interest and fees then due to such parties, and (ii) second, toward payment of principal and L/C Borrowings then due hereunder, ratably among the parties entitled thereto in accordance with the amounts of principal and L/C Borrowings then due to such parties. 2.13 Sharing of Payments by Lenders. If any Lender shall, by exercising any right of setoff or counterclaim or otherwise, obtain payment in respect of (a) Obligations in respect of the Facility due and payable to such Lender hereunder and under the other Loan Documents at such time in excess of its ratable share (according to the proportion of (i) the amount of such Obligations due and payable to such Lender at such time to (ii) the aggregate amount of the Obligations in respect of Facility due and payable to all Lenders hereunder and under the other Loan Documents at such time) of payments on account of the Obligations in respect of Facility due and payable to all Lenders hereunder and under the other Loan Documents at such time obtained by all the Lenders at such time or (b) Obligations in respect of any of Facility owing (but not due and payable) to such Lender hereunder and under the other Loan Documents at such time in excess of its ratable share (according to the proportion of (i) the amount of such Obligations owing (but not due and payable) to such Lender at such 76 #4869-8209-4807v13 time to (ii) the aggregate amount of the Obligations in respect of Facility owing (but not due and payable) to all Lenders hereunder and under the other Loan Documents at such time) of payments on account of the Obligations in respect of Facility owing (but not due and payable) to all Lenders hereunder and under the other Loan Documents at such time obtained by all of the Lenders at such time, then, in each case under clauses (a) and (b) above, the Lender receiving such greater proportion shall (A) notify the Administrative Agent of such fact, and (B) purchase (for cash at face value) participations in the Loans and sub- participations in L/C Obligations and Swingline Loans of the other Lenders, or make such other adjustments as shall be equitable, so that the benefit of all such payments shall be shared by the Lenders ratably in accordance with the aggregate amount of Obligations in respect of Facility then due and payable to the Lenders or owing (but not due and payable) to the Lenders, as the case may be, provided that: (i) if any such participations or sub-participations are purchased and all or any portion of the payment giving rise thereto is recovered, such participations or sub- participations shall be rescinded and the purchase price restored to the extent of such recovery, without interest; and (ii) the provisions of this Section 2.13 shall not be construed to apply to (A) any payment made by or on behalf of the Borrower pursuant to and in accordance with the express terms of this Agreement (including the application of funds arising from the existence of a Defaulting Lender), (B) the application of Cash Collateral provided for in Section 2.14, or (C) any payment obtained by a Lender as consideration for the assignment of or sale of a participation in any of its Loans or sub-participations in L/C Obligations or Swingline Loans to any assignee or participant, other than an assignment to any Loan Party or any Affiliate thereof (as to which the provisions of this Section 2.13 shall apply). Each Loan Party consents to the foregoing and agrees, to the extent it may effectively do so under Applicable Law, that any Lender acquiring a participation pursuant to the foregoing arrangements may exercise against such Loan Party rights of setoff and counterclaim with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were a direct creditor of such Loan Party in the amount of such participation. 2.14 Cash Collateral. (a) Obligation to Cash Collateralize. At any time there shall exist a Defaulting Lender, within one Business Day following the written request of the Administrative Agent or any L/C Issuer (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), the Borrower shall Cash Collateralize the L/C Issuers’ Fronting Exposure with respect to such Defaulting Lender (determined after giving effect to Section 2.15(a)(iv) and any Cash Collateral provided by such Defaulting Lender) in an amount not less than the Minimum Collateral Amount. (b) Grant of Security Interest. The Borrower, and to the extent provided by any Defaulting Lender, such Defaulting Lender, hereby grants to (and subjects to the control of) the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuers and the Lenders, and agrees to maintain, a first priority security interest in all such cash, deposit accounts and all balances therein, and all other property so provided as Collateral pursuant hereto, and in all proceeds of the foregoing, all as security for the obligations to which such Cash Collateral may be applied pursuant to Section 2.14(c). If at any time the Administrative Agent determines that Cash Collateral is subject to any right or claim of any Person other than the Administrative Agent or the applicable L/C Issuer as herein provided, or that the total amount of such Cash Collateral is less than the Minimum Collateral Amount, the Borrower will, promptly upon demand by the Administrative Agent, pay or provide to the Administrative Agent additional Cash Collateral in an amount sufficient to eliminate such deficiency (determined in the case of Cash Collateral provided 77 #4869-8209-4807v13 pursuant to Section 2.15(a)(v), after giving effect to Section 2.15(a)(v) and any Cash Collateral provided by the Defaulting Lender). All Cash Collateral (other than credit support not constituting funds subject to deposit) shall be maintained in blocked, non-interest bearing deposit accounts at Bank of America. The Borrower shall pay on demand therefor from time to time all customary account opening, activity and other administrative fees and charges in connection with the maintenance and disbursement of Cash Collateral. (c) Application. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, Cash Collateral provided under any of this Section 2.14 or Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.15 or 8.02 in respect of Letters of Credit shall be held and applied to the satisfaction of the specific L/C Obligations, obligations to fund participations therein (including, as to Cash Collateral provided by a Lender that is a Defaulting Lender, any interest accrued on such obligation) and other obligations for which the Cash Collateral was so provided, prior to any other application of such property as may be provided for herein. (d) Release. Cash Collateral (or the appropriate portion thereof) provided to reduce Fronting Exposure or to secure other obligations shall be released promptly following (i) the elimination of the applicable Fronting Exposure or other obligations giving rise thereto (including by the termination of Defaulting Lender status of the applicable Lender (or, as appropriate, its assignee following compliance with Section 11.06(b)(vi))) or (ii) the determination by the Administrative Agent and the applicable L/C Issuer that there exists excess Cash Collateral; provided, however, (A) any such release shall be without prejudice to, and any disbursement or other transfer of Cash Collateral shall be and remain subject to, any other Lien conferred under the Loan Documents and the other applicable provisions of the Loan Documents, and (B) the Person providing Cash Collateral and the applicable L/C Issuer may agree that Cash Collateral shall not be released but instead held to support future anticipated Fronting Exposure or other obligations. 2.15 Defaulting Lenders. (a) Adjustments. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, if any Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender, then, until such time as that Lender is no longer a Defaulting Lender, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law: (i) Waivers and Amendments. Such Defaulting Lender’s right to approve or disapprove any amendment, waiver or consent with respect to this Agreement shall be restricted as set forth in the definition of “Required Lenders” and Section 11.01. (ii) Defaulting Lender Waterfall. Any payment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts received by the Administrative Agent for the account of such Defaulting Lender (whether voluntary or mandatory, at maturity, pursuant to Article VIII or otherwise) or received by the Administrative Agent from a Defaulting Lender pursuant to Section 11.08 shall be applied at such time or times as may be determined by the Administrative Agent as follows: first, to the payment of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent hereunder; second, to the payment on a pro rata basis of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to any L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender hereunder; third, to Cash Collateralize the L/C Issuers’ Fronting Exposure with respect to such Defaulting Lender in accordance with Section 2.14; fourth, as the Borrower may request (so long as no Default or Event of Default exists), to the funding of any Loan in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has failed to fund its portion thereof as required by this Agreement, as determined by the Administrative Agent; fifth, if so determined by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower, to be held in a deposit account and released 78 #4869-8209-4807v13 pro rata in order to (A) satisfy such Defaulting Lender’s potential future funding obligations with respect to Loans under this Agreement and (B) Cash Collateralize the L/C Issuers’ future Fronting Exposure with respect to such Defaulting Lender with respect to future Letters of Credit issued under this Agreement, in accordance with Section 2.14; sixth, to the payment of any amounts owing to the Lenders, the L/C Issuers or Swingline Lender as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by any Lender, any L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender against such Defaulting Lender as a result of such Defaulting Lender’s breach of its obligations under this Agreement; seventh, so long as no Default or Event of Default exists, to the payment of any amounts owing to the Borrower as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by the Borrower against such Defaulting Lender as a result of such Defaulting Lender’s breach of its obligations under this Agreement; and eighth, to such Defaulting Lender or as otherwise as may be required under the Loan Documents in connection with any Lien conferred thereunder or directed by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided that if (x) such payment is a payment of the principal amount of any Loans or L/C Borrowings in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has not fully funded its appropriate share, and (y) such Loans were made or the related Letters of Credit were issued at a time when the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 were satisfied or waived, such payment shall be applied solely to pay the Loans of, and L/C Obligations owed to, all Non-Defaulting Lenders on a pro rata basis prior to being applied to the payment of any Loans of, or L/C Obligations owed to, such Defaulting Lender until such time as all Loans and funded and unfunded participations in L/C Obligations and Swingline Loans are held by the Lenders pro rata in accordance with the Commitments hereunder without giving effect to Section 2.15(a)(v). Any payments, prepayments or other amounts paid or payable to a Defaulting Lender that are applied (or held) to pay amounts owed by a Defaulting Lender or to post Cash Collateral pursuant to this Section 2.15(a)(ii) shall be deemed paid to and redirected by such Defaulting Lender, and each Lender irrevocably consents hereto. (iii) Certain Fees. (A) Fees. No Defaulting Lender shall be entitled to receive any fee payable under Section 2.09(a) for any period during which that Lender is a Defaulting Lender (and the Borrower shall not be required to pay any such fee that otherwise would have been required to have been paid to that Defaulting Lender). (B) Letter of Credit Fees. Each Defaulting Lender shall be entitled to receive Letter of Credit Fees for any period during which that Lender is a Defaulting Lender only to the extent allocable to its Applicable Revolving Percentage of the stated amount of Letters of Credit for which it has provided Cash Collateral pursuant to Section 2.14. (C) Defaulting Lender Fees. With respect to any fee payable under any Letter of Credit Fee not required to be paid to any Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (B) above, the Borrower shall (1) pay to each Non-Defaulting Lender that portion of any such fee otherwise payable to such Defaulting Lender with respect to such Defaulting Lender’s participation in L/C Obligations or Swingline Loans that has been reallocated to such Non-Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (iv) below, (2) pay to each L/C Issuer and the Swingline Lender, as applicable, the amount of any such fee otherwise payable to such Defaulting Lender to the extent allocable to such L/C Issuer’s or the Swingline Lender’s Fronting Exposure to such


 
79 #4869-8209-4807v13 Defaulting Lender, and (3) not be required to pay the remaining amount of any such fee. (iv) Reallocation of Applicable Revolving Percentages to Reduce Fronting Exposure. All or any part of such Defaulting Lender’s participation in L/C Obligations and Swingline Loans shall be reallocated among the Non-Defaulting Lenders in accordance with their respective Applicable Revolving Percentages (calculated without regard to such Defaulting Lender’s Commitment) but only to the extent that such reallocation does not cause the aggregate Revolving Exposure of any Non-Defaulting Lender to exceed such Non-Defaulting Lender’s Revolving Commitment. Subject to Section 11.20, no reallocation hereunder shall constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder against a Defaulting Lender arising from that Lender having become a Defaulting Lender, including any claim of a Non-Defaulting Lender as a result of such Non-Defaulting Lender’s increased exposure following such reallocation. (v) Cash Collateral, Repayment of Swingline Loans. If the reallocation described in clause (a)(iv) above cannot, or can only partially, be effected, the Borrower shall, without prejudice to any right or remedy available to it hereunder or under Applicable Law, (A) first, prepay Swingline Loans in an amount equal to the Swingline Lender’s Fronting Exposure and (B) second, Cash Collateralize the L/C Issuers’ Fronting Exposure in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 2.14. (b) Defaulting Lender Cure. If the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender and each L/C Issuer agrees in writing that a Lender is no longer a Defaulting Lender, the Administrative Agent will so notify the parties hereto, whereupon as of the effective date specified in such notice and subject to any conditions set forth therein (which may include arrangements with respect to any Cash Collateral), that Lender will, to the extent applicable, purchase at par that portion of outstanding Loans of the other Lenders or take such other actions as the Administrative Agent may determine to be necessary to cause the Loans and funded and unfunded participations in Letters of Credit and Swingline Loans to be held pro rata by the Lenders in accordance with their Revolving Commitments (without giving effect to Section 2.15(a)(iv)), whereupon such Lender will cease to be a Defaulting Lender; provided that no adjustments will be made retroactively with respect to fees accrued or payments made by or on behalf of the Borrower while that Lender was a Defaulting Lender; and provided, further, that except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed by the affected parties, no change hereunder from Defaulting Lender to Lender will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from that Lender’s having been a Defaulting Lender. (c) New Swingline Loans/Letters of Credit. So long as any Lender is a Defaulting Lender, (i) the Swingline Lender shall be required to fund any Swingline Loans unless it is satisfied that it will have no Fronting Exposure after giving effect to such Swingline Loan and (ii) no L/C Issuer shall be required to issue, extend, increase, reinstate or renew any letter of Credit unless it is satisfied that it will have no Fronting Exposure after giving effect thereto. 2.16 Increase in Facility. (a) Request for Increase. Provided there exists no Default, upon notice to the Administrative Agent, the Borrower may from time to time, request an increase in the Facility pursuant to Section 2.16(b) by an amount (for all such requests) not exceeding $250,000,000 (an “Incremental Facility”); provided that (i) any such request for an Incremental Facility shall be in a 80 #4869-8209-4807v13 minimum amount of $5,000,000, and (ii) the Borrower may make a maximum of five (5) such requests (or additional requests as the Administrative Agent may agree in its reasonable discretion). (b) Notification by the Administrative Agent; Additional Lenders. To achieve the full amount of a requested increase, and subject to the approval of the Administrative Agent (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), the Borrower may request Incremental Facilities from any Lender (but shall not be obligated to do so) and may also invite additional Persons who are not Lenders, Affiliates of a Lender or an Approved Fund but that would otherwise constitute Eligible Assignees to become Lenders pursuant to a joinder agreement (“New Lenders”) in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and its counsel. (c) Effective Date and Allocations. If the Facility is increased in accordance with this Section 2.16, the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall determine the effective date (the “Revolving Increase Effective Date”) and the final allocation of such increase. The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the Borrower and the Lenders and the New Lenders of the final allocation of such increase and the Revolving Increase Effective Date. (d) Conditions to Effectiveness of Increase. As a condition precedent to such increase, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a certificate of each Loan Party dated as of the Revolving Increase Effective Date (in sufficient copies for each Lender) signed by an Authorized Signatory of such Loan Party (i) certifying and attaching the resolutions adopted by such Loan Party approving or consenting to such increase, and (ii) in the case of the Borrower, certifying that, before and after giving effect to such increase, (A) the representations and warranties contained in Article V and the other Loan Documents are true and correct, on and as of the Revolving Increase Effective Date, and except that for purposes of this Section 2.16, the representations and warranties contained in clauses (a) and (b) of Section 5.06 shall be deemed to refer to the most recent statements furnished pursuant to clauses (a) and (b), respectively, of Section 6.01, and (B) both before and after giving effect to the Incremental Facility, no Default exists. The Borrower shall deliver or cause to be delivered any other customary documents (including legal opinions) as reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent in connection with any Incremental Facility. Each of the Lenders having a Revolving Commitment prior to the Revolving Increase Effective Date (the “Pre-Increase Revolver Lenders”) shall assign to any Lender which is acquiring a new or additional Revolver Commitment on the Revolving Increase Effective Increase Date (the “Post-Increase Revolver Lenders”), and such Post-Increase Revolver Lenders shall purchase from each Pre-Increase Revolver Lender, at the principal amount thereof, such interests in the Loans and participation interests in Letters of Credit on such Revolving Increase Effective Date as shall be necessary in order that, after giving effect to all such assignments and purchases, such Loans and participation interests in Letters of Credit will be held by Pre-Increase Revolver Lenders and Post- Increase Revolver Lenders ratably after giving effect to such increased Revolver Commitments. (e) Conflicting Provisions. This Section 2.16 shall supersede any provisions in Section 2.13 or 11.01 to the contrary. (f) Incremental Facility. All of the other terms and conditions applicable to such Incremental Facility shall be identical to the terms and conditions applicable to the Facility. 81 #4869-8209-4807v13 ARTICLE III TAXES, YIELD PROTECTION AND ILLEGALITY 3.01 Taxes. (a) Defined Terms. For purposes of this Section 3.01, the term “Applicable Law” includes FATCA and the term “Lender” includes any L/C Issuer. (b) Payments Free of Taxes; Obligation to Withhold; Payments on Account of Taxes. Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party under any Loan Document shall be made without deduction or withholding for any Taxes, except as required by Applicable Laws. If any Applicable Laws (as determined in the good faith discretion of an applicable withholding agent) require the deduction or withholding of any Tax from any such payment by the applicable withholding agent, then the applicable withholding agent shall be entitled to make such deduction or withholding and shall timely pay the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with Applicable Law and, if such Tax is an Indemnified Tax, then the sum payable by the applicable Loan Party shall be increased as necessary so that after any required withholding or the making of all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 3.01) the applicable Recipient receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such withholding or deduction been made. (c) Payment of Other Taxes by the Loan Parties. The Loan Parties shall timely pay to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with Applicable Law, or at the option of the Administrative Agent timely reimburse it for the payment of, any Other Taxes. (d) Tax Indemnifications. (i) Each of the Loan Parties shall, and does hereby, jointly and severally indemnify each Recipient, and shall make payment in respect thereof within ten (10) days after demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section 3.01) payable or paid by such Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to such Recipient, and any penalties, interest and reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to the Borrower by a Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Each of the Loan Parties shall also, and does hereby, jointly and severally indemnify the Administrative Agent, and shall make payment in respect thereof within ten (10) days after demand therefor, for any amount which a Lender for any reason fails to pay indefeasibly to the Administrative Agent as required pursuant to Section 3.01(c)(ii) below. (ii) Each Lender shall, and does hereby, severally indemnify and shall make payment in respect thereof within ten (10) days after demand therefor, (A) the Administrative Agent against any Indemnified Taxes attributable to such Lender (but only to the extent that any Loan Party has not already indemnified the Administrative Agent for such Indemnified Taxes and without limiting the obligation of the Loan Parties to do so), (B) the Administrative Agent against any Taxes attributable to such Lender’s failure to 82 #4869-8209-4807v13 comply with the provisions of Section 11.06(d) relating to the maintenance of a Participant Register and (C) the Administrative Agent against any Excluded Taxes attributable to such Lender, in each case, that are payable or paid by the Administrative Agent or a Loan Party in connection with any Loan Document, and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Lender by the Administrative Agent shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Each Lender hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent to set off and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Lender under any Loan Document or otherwise payable by the Administrative Agent to the Lender from any other source against any amount due to the Administrative Agent under this clause (d)(ii). (e) Evidence of Payments. As soon as practicable after any payment of Taxes by any Loan Party to a Governmental Authority, as provided in this Section 3.01, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of any return reporting such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (f) Status of Lenders; Tax Documentation. (i) Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding Tax with respect to payments made under any Loan Document shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, at the time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, such properly completed and executed documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate of withholding. In addition, if reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by Applicable Law or reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as will enable the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding two sentences, the completion, execution and submission of such documentation (other than such documentation set forth in Section 3.01(e)(ii)(A), (ii)(B) and (ii)(D) below) shall not be required if in the Lender’s reasonable judgment such completion, execution or submission would subject such Lender to any material unreimbursed cost or expense or would materially prejudice the legal or commercial position of such Lender. (ii) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event that the Borrower is a U.S. Person, (A) any Lender that is a U.S. Person shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent on or prior to the date on which such Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), executed copies of IRS Form W–9 certifying that such Lender is exempt from U.S. federal backup withholding tax; (B) any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign


 
83 #4869-8209-4807v13 Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), whichever of the following is applicable: (1) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States is a party (x) with respect to payments of interest under any Loan Document, executed copies of IRS Form W–8BEN–E (or W–8BEN, as applicable) establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “interest” article of such tax treaty and (y) with respect to any other applicable payments under any Loan Document, IRS Form W–8BEN–E (or W–8BEN, as applicable) establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “business profits” or “other income” article of such tax treaty; (2) executed copies of IRS Form W–8ECI; (3) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under Section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit O–1 to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, a “10 percent shareholder” of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Code, or a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code (a “U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate”) and (y) executed copies of IRS Form W–8BEN– E (or W–8BEN, as applicable); or (4) to the extent a Foreign Lender is not the beneficial owner, executed copies of IRS Form W–8IMY, accompanied by IRS Form W– 8ECI, IRS Form W–8BEN–E (or W–8BEN, as applicable), a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit O–2 or Exhibit O–3, IRS Form W–9, and/or other certification documents from each beneficial owner, as applicable; provided that if the Foreign Lender is a partnership and one or more direct or indirect partners of such Foreign Lender are claiming the portfolio interest exemption, such Foreign Lender may provide a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit O–4 on behalf of each such direct and indirect partner; (C) any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), executed copies (or originals, as required) of any other form prescribed by Applicable Law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in U.S. federal withholding Tax, duly completed, together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by Applicable Law to permit the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made; and 84 #4869-8209-4807v13 (D) if a payment made to a Lender under any Loan Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding Tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent at the time or times prescribed by law and at such time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent such documentation prescribed by Applicable Law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Code) and such additional documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as may be necessary for the Borrower and the Administrative Agent to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Lender’s obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount to deduct and withhold from such payment. Solely for the purposes of this clause (f)(ii)(D), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement. (iii) Each Lender agrees that if any form or certification it previously delivered pursuant to this Section 3.01 expires or becomes obsolete or inaccurate in any respect, it shall update such form or certification or promptly notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent in writing of its legal inability to do so. (g) Treatment of Certain Refunds. Unless required by Applicable Laws, at no time shall the Administrative Agent have any obligation to file for or otherwise pursue on behalf of a Lender, or have any obligation to pay to any Lender, any refund of Taxes withheld or deducted from funds paid for the account of such Lender. If any Recipient determines, in its sole discretion exercised in good faith, that it has received a refund of any Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by any Loan Party or with respect to which any Loan Party has paid additional amounts pursuant to this Section 3.01, it shall pay to such Loan Party an amount equal to such refund (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by such Loan Party under this Section 3.01 with respect to the Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses (including Taxes) incurred by such Recipient, as the case may be, and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund), provided that each Loan Party, upon the request of the Recipient, agrees to repay the amount paid over to such Loan Party (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) to the Recipient in the event the Recipient is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this clause (g), in no event will the applicable Recipient be required to pay any amount to such Loan Party pursuant to this clause (g) the payment of which would place the Recipient in a less favorable net after-Tax position than such Recipient would have been in if the Tax subject to indemnification and giving rise to such refund had not been deducted, withheld or otherwise imposed and the indemnification payments or additional amounts with respect to such Tax had never been paid. This clause (g) shall not be construed to require any Recipient to make available its tax returns (or any other information relating to its Taxes that it deems confidential) to any Loan Party or any other Person. (h) Survival. Each party’s obligations under this Section 3.01 shall survive the resignation or replacement of the Administrative Agent or any assignment of rights by, or the replacement of, a Lender, the termination of the Commitments and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all other Obligations. 85 #4869-8209-4807v13 3.02 Illegality. If any Lender determines that any Law has made it unlawful, or that any Governmental Authority has asserted that it is unlawful, for any Lender or its Lending Office to make, maintain or fund or charge interest with respect to any Credit Extension, or to determine or charge interest rates based upon SOFR or Term SOFR, then, upon notice thereof by such Lender to the Borrower (through the Administrative Agent), (i) any obligation of such Lender to make or continue Term SOFR Loans or to convert Base Rate Loans to Term SOFR Loans shall be suspended, and (ii) if such notice asserts the illegality of such Lender making or maintaining Base Rate Loans the interest rate on which is determined by reference to the Term SOFR component of the Base Rate, the interest rate on which Base Rate Loans of such Lender shall, if necessary to avoid such illegality, be determined by the Administrative Agent without reference to the Tern SOFR component of the Base Rate, in each case until such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that the circumstances giving rise to such determination no longer exist. Upon receipt of such notice, (A) the Borrower shall, upon demand from such Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), prepay or, if applicable, convert all Term SOFR Loans of such Lender to Base Rate Loans (the interest rate on which Base Rate Loans of such Lender shall, if necessary to avoid such illegality, be determined by the Administrative Agent without reference to the Term SOFR component of the Base Rate), either on the last day of the Interest Period therefor, if such Lender may lawfully continue to maintain such Term SOFR Loan to such day, or immediately, if such Lender may not lawfully continue to maintain such Term SOFR Loans and (B) if such notice asserts the illegality of such Lender determining or charging interest rates based upon SOFR, the Administrative Agent shall during the period of such suspension compute the Base Rate applicable to such Lender without reference to the Term SOFR component thereof until the Administrative Agent is advised in writing by such Lender that it is no longer illegal for such Lender to determine or charge interest rates based upon SOFR. Upon any such prepayment or conversion, the Borrower shall also pay accrued interest on the amount so prepaid or converted, together with any additional amounts required pursuant to Section 3.05. 3.03 Inability to Determine Rates. (a) If in connection with any request for a Term SOFR Loan or a conversion of Base Rate Loans to Term SOFR Loans or a continuation of any of such Loans, as applicable, (i) the Administrative Agent determines (which determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error) that (A) no Successor Rate has been determined in accordance with Section 3.03(b), and the circumstances under clause (i) of Section 3.03(b) or the Scheduled Unavailability Date has occurred or (B) adequate and reasonable means do not otherwise exist for determining Term SOFR for any requested Interest Period with respect to a proposed Term SOFR Loan or in connection with an existing or proposed Base Rate Loan or (ii) the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders determine that for any reason that Term SOFR for any requested Interest Period with respect to a proposed Term SOFR Loan does not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders of funding such Loan, the Administrative Agent will promptly so notify the Borrower and each Lender. Thereafter, (x) the obligation of the Lenders to make or maintain Term SOFR Loans or to convert Base Rate Loans to Term SOFR Loans shall be suspended (to the extent of the affected Term SOFR Loans or Interest Periods), and (y) in the event of a determination described in the preceding sentence with respect to the Term SOFR component of the Base Rate, the utilization of the Term SOFR component in determining the Base Rate shall be suspended, in each case until the Administrative Agent (or, in the case of a determination by the Required Lenders described in clause (ii) of this Section 3.03(a)), until the Administrative Agent upon instruction of the Required Lenders revokes such notice. Upon receipt of such notice, (i) the Borrower may revoke any pending request for a Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Term SOFR Loans (to the extent of 86 #4869-8209-4807v13 the affected Term SOFR Loans or Interest Periods) or, failing that, will be deemed to have converted such request into a request for a Borrowing of Base Rate Loans in the amount specified therein and (ii) any outstanding Term SOFR Loans shall be deemed to have been converted to Base Rate Loans immediately at the end of their respective applicable Interest Period. (b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement or any other Loan Documents, but without limiting Sections 3.03(a) and (b) above, if the Administrative Agent determines (which determination shall be conclusive and binding upon all parties hereto absent manifest error), or the Borrower or Required Lenders notify the Administrative Agent (with, in the case of the Required Lenders, a copy to the Borrower) that the Borrower or Required Lenders (as applicable) have determined (which determination likewise shall be conclusive and binding upon all parties hereto absent manifest error), that: (i) adequate and reasonable means do not exist for ascertaining one month, three month and six month interest periods of Term SOFR including because the Term SOFR Screen Rate is not available or published on a current basis and such circumstances are unlikely to be temporary; or (ii) CME or any successor administrator of the Term SOFR Screen Rate or a Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over the Administrative Agent or such administrator with respect to its publication of Term SOFR, in each case acting in such capacity, has made a public statement identifying a specific date after which one month, three month and six month interest periods of Term SOFR or the Term SOFR Screen Rate shall or will no longer be representative or made available, or permitted to be used for determining the interest rate of U.S. dollar denominated syndicated loans, or shall or will otherwise cease, provided that, at the time of such statement, there is no successor administrator that is satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, that will continue to provide such representative interest periods of Term SOFR after such specific date (the latest date on which one month, three month and six month interest periods of Term SOFR or the Term SOFR Screen Rate are no longer representative or available permanently or indefinitely, the “Scheduled Unavailability Date”); then, on a date and time determined by the Administrative Agent (any such date, the “Term SOFR Replacement Date”), which date shall be at the end of an Interest Period or on the relevant interest payment date, as applicable, for interest calculated and, solely with respect to clause (ii) above, no later than the Scheduled Unavailability Date, Term SOFR will be replaced hereunder and under any Loan Document with Daily Simple SOFR plus the CSA for any payment period for interest calculated that can be determined by the Administrative Agent, in each case, without any amendment to, or further action or consent of any other party to, this Agreement or any other Loan Document (the “Successor Rate”). If the Successor Rate is Daily Simple SOFR plus the CSA, all interest payments will be payable on a monthly basis. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, (i) if the Administrative Agent determines that Daily Simple SOFR is not available on or prior to the Term SOFR Replacement Date or (ii) if the events or circumstances of the type described in Section 3.03(b)(i) or (ii) have occurred with respect to the Successor Rate then in effect, then in each case, the Administrative Agent and the Borrower may amend this Agreement solely for purpose of replacing Term SOFR or any then current Successor Rate in accordance with this Section 3.03 at the end of any Interest Period, relevant interest payment date or payment period for interest calculated, as applicable, with an alternative


 
87 #4869-8209-4807v13 benchmark rate giving due consideration to any evolving or then existing convention for similar U.S. dollar denominated credit facilities syndicated and agented in the United States for such alternative benchmark and, in each case, including any mathematical or other adjustments to such benchmark giving due consideration to any evolving or then existing convention for similar U.S. dollar denominated credit facilities syndicated and agented in the United States for such benchmark. For the avoidance of doubt, any such proposed rate and adjustments, shall constitute a “Successor Rate”. Any such amendment shall become effective at 5:00 p.m. on the fifth Business Day after the Administrative Agent shall have posted such proposed amendment to all Lenders and the Borrower unless, prior to such time, Lenders comprising the Required Lenders have delivered to the Administrative Agent written notice that such Required Lenders object to such amendment. The Administrative Agent will promptly (in one or more notices) notify the Borrower and each Lender of the implementation of any Successor Rate. Any Successor Rate shall be applied in a manner consistent with market practice; provided that to the extent such market practice is not administratively feasible for the Administrative Agent, such Successor Rate shall be applied in a manner as otherwise reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent. Notwithstanding anything else herein, if at any time any Successor Rate as so determined would otherwise be less than zero%, the Successor Rate will be deemed to be zero% for the purposes of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. In connection with the implementation of a Successor Rate, the Administrative Agent will have the right to make Conforming Changes from time to time, in consultation with the Borrower, and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Loan Document, any amendments implementing such Conforming Changes will become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement; provided that, with respect to any such amendment effected, the Administrative Agent shall post each such amendment implementing such Conforming Changes to the Borrower and the Lenders reasonably promptly after such amendment becomes effective. (c) For purposes of this Section 3.03, those Lenders that either have not made, or do not have an obligation under this Agreement to make, the relevant Loans in Dollars shall be excluded from any determination of Required Lenders. 3.04 Increased Costs. (a) Increased Costs Generally. If any Change in Law shall: (i) impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan, insurance charge or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended or participated in by, any Lender or any L/C Issuer; (ii) subject any Recipient to any Taxes (other than (A) Indemnified Taxes, (B) Taxes described in clauses (b) through (d) of the definition of Excluded Taxes and (C) Connection Income Taxes) on its loans, loan principal, letters of credit, commitments, or other obligations, or its deposits, reserves, other liabilities or capital attributable thereto; or 88 #4869-8209-4807v13 (iii) impose on any Lender or any L/C Issuer any other condition, cost or expense (other than Taxes) affecting this Agreement or Term SOFR Loans made by such Lender or any Letter of Credit or participation therein; and the result of any of the foregoing shall be to increase the cost to such Lender of making, converting to, continuing or maintaining any Loan (or of maintaining its obligation to make any such Loan), or to increase the cost to such Lender or such L/C Issuer of participating in, issuing or maintaining any Letter of Credit (or of maintaining its obligation to participate in or to issue any Letter of Credit), or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender or such L/C Issuer hereunder (whether of principal, interest or any other amount) then, upon request of such Lender or such L/C Issuer, the Borrower will pay to such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, for such additional costs incurred or reduction suffered. (b) Capital Requirements. If any Lender or any L/C Issuer determines that any Change in Law affecting such Lender or such L/C Issuer or any Lending Office of such Lender or such Lender’s or such L/C Issuer’s holding company, if any, regarding capital or liquidity requirements has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s or such L/C Issuer’s capital or on the capital of such Lender’s or such L/C Issuer’s holding company, if any, as a consequence of this Agreement, the Commitments of such Lender or the Loans made by, or participations in Letters of Credit or Swingline Loans held by, such Lender, or the Letters of Credit issued by such L/C Issuer, to a level below that which such Lender or such L/C Issuer or such Lender’s or such L/C Issuer’s holding company could have achieved but for such Change in Law (taking into consideration such Lender’s or such L/C Issuer’s policies and the policies of such Lender’s or such L/C Issuer’s holding company with respect to capital adequacy), then from time to time the Borrower will pay to such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or such L/C Issuer or such Lender’s or such L/C Issuer’s holding company for any such reduction suffered. (c) Certificates for Reimbursement. A certificate of a Lender or an L/C Issuer setting forth the amount or amounts necessary to compensate such Lender or such L/C Issuer or its holding company, as the case may be, as specified in clause (a) or (b) of this Section 3.04 and delivered to the Borrower shall be conclusive absent manifest error. The Borrower shall pay such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, the amount shown as due on any such certificate within ten (10) days after receipt thereof. (d) Delay in Requests. Failure or delay on the part of any Lender or any L/C Issuer to demand compensation pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.04 shall not constitute a waiver of such Lender’s or such L/C Issuer’s right to demand such compensation, provided that the Borrower shall not be required to compensate a Lender or an L/C Issuer pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.04 for any increased costs incurred or reductions suffered more than ninety (90) days prior to the date that such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, notifies the Borrower of the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions and of such Lender’s or such L/C Issuer’s intention to claim compensation therefor (except that, if the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions is retroactive, then the ninety (90) day period referred to above shall be extended to include the period of retroactive effect thereof). 89 #4869-8209-4807v13 3.05 Compensation for Losses. Upon demand of any Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) from time to time, the Borrower shall promptly compensate such Lender for and hold such Lender harmless from any loss, cost or expense (excluding loss of anticipated profits) reasonably incurred by it as a result of: (a) any continuation, conversion, payment or prepayment of any Loan other than a Base Rate Loan on a day other than the last day of the Interest Period for such Loan (whether voluntary, mandatory, automatic, by reason of acceleration, or otherwise); (b) any failure by the Borrower (for a reason other than the failure of such Lender to make a Loan) to prepay, borrow, continue or convert any Loan other than a Base Rate Loan on the date or in the amount notified by the Borrower; or (c) any assignment of a Term SOFR Loan on a day other than the last day of the Interest Period therefor as a result of a request by the Borrower pursuant to Section 11.13; including any loss or expense arising from the liquidation or reemployment of funds obtained by it to maintain such Loan or from fees payable to terminate the deposits from which such funds were obtained. The Borrower shall also pay any customary administrative fees charged by such Lender in connection with the foregoing. 3.06 Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders. (a) Designation of a Different Lending Office. If any Lender requests compensation under Section 3.04, or requires the Borrower to pay any Indemnified Taxes or additional amounts to any Lender, any L/C Issuer, or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender or any L/C Issuer pursuant to Section 3.01, or if any Lender gives a notice pursuant to Section 3.02, then at the request of the Borrower, such Lender or such L/C Issuer shall, as applicable, use reasonable efforts to designate a different Lending Office for funding or booking its Loans hereunder or to assign its rights and obligations hereunder to another of its offices, branches or affiliates, if, in the judgment of such Lender or such L/C Issuer, such designation or assignment (i) would eliminate or reduce amounts payable pursuant to Section 3.01 or 3.04, as the case may be, in the future, or eliminate the need for the notice pursuant to Section 3.02, as applicable, and (ii) in each case, would not subject such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be, to any unreimbursed cost or expense and would not otherwise be disadvantageous to such Lender or such L/C Issuer, as the case may be. The Borrower hereby agrees to pay all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by any Lender or any L/C Issuer in connection with any such designation or assignment. (b) Replacement of Lenders. If any Lender requests compensation under Section 3.04, or if the Borrower is required to pay any Indemnified Taxes or additional amounts to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 3.01 and, in each case, such Lender has declined or is unable to designate a different lending office in accordance with Section 3.06(a), the Borrower may replace such Lender in accordance with Section 11.13. 3.07 Survival. All of the Borrower’s obligations under this Article III shall survive termination of the Aggregate Commitments, repayment of all other Obligations hereunder, resignation of the Administrative Agent and the Facility Termination Date. 90 #4869-8209-4807v13 ARTICLE IV CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO CREDIT EXTENSIONS 4.01 Conditions of the Closing Date and the Initial Credit Extension. The occurrence of the Closing Date and the obligation of any L/C Issuer and each Lender to make its initial Credit Extension hereunder is subject to satisfaction of the following conditions precedent: (a) Execution of Credit Agreement; Loan Documents. The Administrative Agent shall have received (i) counterparts of this Agreement, executed by an Authorized Signatory of each Loan Party and a duly authorized officer of each Lender, (ii) for the account of each Lender requesting a Note, a Note executed by an Authorized Signatory of the Borrower, (iii) counterparts of the Pledge Agreement and each other Collateral Document, executed by an Authorized Signatory of the applicable Loan Parties and a duly authorized officer of each other Person party thereto, as applicable and (iv) counterparts of any other Loan Document, executed by an Authorized Signatory of the applicable Loan Party and a duly authorized officer of each other Person party thereto, all of which shall be duly affixed with applicable stamp duty. (b) Officer’s Certificate. The Administrative Agent shall have received an Officer’s Certificate dated the Closing Date, certifying as to the Organization Documents of each Loan Party (which, to the extent filed with a Governmental Authority, shall be certified as of a recent date by such Governmental Authority), the resolutions of the governing body of each Loan Party, the good standing, existence or its equivalent of each Loan Party and of the incumbency (including specimen signatures) of, with respect to the Borrower, the Authorized Signatories and, with respect to each Loan Party, its duly authorized officers. (c) Absence of any Material Adverse Effect. No circumstance or event shall have occurred which constitutes would constitute a Material Adverse Effect under this Agreement. (d) Legal Opinions of Counsel. The Administrative Agent shall have received an opinion or opinions (including, if requested by the Administrative Agent, local counsel opinions) of counsel for the Loan Parties (which may include an opinion of internal counsel with respect to corporate matters), dated the Closing Date and addressed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, in form and substance acceptable to the Administrative Agent. (e) Financial Statements. The Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall have received copies of the financial statements referred to in Section 5.05, each in form and substance satisfactory to each of them. (f) Immaterial Subsidiaries. The Administrative Agent shall have received a report in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent calculating the percentage that the consolidated total assets of all Immaterial Subsidiaries bears to the total assets owned by the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries. (g) Personal Property Collateral. The Administrative Agent shall have received, in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent: (i) searches of UCC filings in the jurisdiction of incorporation or formation, as applicable, of each Loan Party and each jurisdiction where a filing would reasonably need to be made in order to perfect the Administrative Agent’s security interest in the


 
91 #4869-8209-4807v13 Collateral, copies of the financing statements on file in such jurisdictions and evidence that no Liens exist other than Permitted Liens and (B) tax lien, judgment and bankruptcy searches;. (ii) completed UCC financing statements for each appropriate jurisdiction as is necessary, in the Administrative Agent’s reasonable discretion, to perfect the Administrative Agent’s security interest in the Collateral; (iii) stock or membership certificates, if any, evidencing the Pledged Equity and undated stock or transfer powers duly executed in blank; in each case to the extent such Pledged Equity is certificated; and (iv) to the extent required to be delivered, filed, registered or recorded pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Collateral Documents, all instruments, documents and chattel paper in the possession of any of the Loan Parties, together with allonges or assignments as may be necessary or appropriate to create and perfect the Administrative Agent’s and the Lenders’ security interest in the Collateral. (h) Certain Insurance Proceeds: Borrower shall provide a copy of the written agreement by MUFG Bank, Ltd., as agent of the Existing Credit Agreement (“Prior Agent”) and the Borrower in which the Prior Agent agrees that, with respect to any and all insurance proceeds received by Prior Agent after the Closing Date under any insurance policy maintained by the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any Lessee, in each case as a result of the Prior Agent having been named as an additional insured or loss payee under such policy, to (i) promptly notify Borrower and Agent of the receipt of any such insurance proceeds, (ii) hold such insurance proceeds in trust for the Agent and the Borrower and (iii) promptly remit such insurance proceeds in accordance with the written instructions of the Agent. (i) Other Collateral and the Borrowing Base: All other relevant Collateral shall meet the requirements for inclusion in the Borrowing Base as set forth in Section 4.03. (j) Liability, Casualty, Property, Terrorism and Business Interruption Insurance. Subject to Section 6.07(d), the Administrative Agent shall have received copies of insurance policies, declaration pages, certificates, and endorsements of insurance or insurance binders evidencing liability, casualty, property, terrorism and business interruption insurance meeting the requirements set forth herein or in the Collateral Documents. The Loan Parties shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent an Authorization to Share Insurance Information. (k) Solvency Certificate. The Administrative Agent shall have received a Solvency Certificate signed by an Authorized Signatory of the Borrower as to the financial condition, solvency and related matters of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, after giving effect to the initial Borrowings under the Loan Documents and the other transactions contemplated hereby. (l) Compliance Certificate. The Administrative Agent shall have received a Compliance Certificate dated as of the Closing Date. (m) Existing Credit Agreement. All of the existing Indebtedness for borrowed money of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries under the Existing Credit Agreement shall be repaid in full and all security interests related thereto shall be terminated on or prior to the Closing Date. 92 #4869-8209-4807v13 (n) Liens. The Collateral Agent shall hold a perfected, first priority Lien on all Collateral, for the ratable benefit of Lenders, subject only to Permitted Liens. (o) Borrowing Base. An initial Borrowing Base Certificate. (p) Borrowing Base Collateral. The conditions set forth in Section 4.03 with respect to all Collateral proposed to be included in the Borrowing Base as of the Closing Date shall have been satisfied on the Closing Date. (q) Execution Affidavits. The Administrative Agent shall have received execution affidavits or other evidence as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request in order to establish that either (i) all of the Loan Documents have been executed by each Loan Party party thereto outside of the State of Florida and delivered to the Administrative Agent (or its agent) outside of the State of Florida or (ii) all applicable documentary Taxes have been paid. (r) Anti-Money-Laundering; Beneficial Ownership. Upon the reasonable request of any Lender, the Borrower shall have provided to such Lender, and such Lender shall be reasonably satisfied with, the documentation and other information so requested in connection with applicable “know your customer” and anti-money-laundering rules and regulations, including the Patriot Act, and any Loan Party that qualifies as a “legal entity customer” under the Beneficial Ownership Regulation shall have delivered to each Lender that so requests, a Beneficial Ownership Certification in relation to such Loan Party. (s) Consents. The Administrative Agent shall have received evidence that all members, boards of directors, governmental, shareholder and material third party consents and approvals necessary in connection with the entering into of this Agreement have been obtained. (t) Fees and Expenses. The Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall have received all fees and expenses, if any, owing pursuant to the Fee Letter and Section 2.09. (u) Due Diligence. The Lenders shall have completed a due diligence investigation of the Loan Parties in scope, and with results, satisfactory to the Lenders. (v) Other Documents. All other documents provided for herein or which the Administrative Agent or any other Lender may reasonably request or require. (w) Additional Information. Such additional information and materials which the Administrative Agent and/or any Lender shall reasonably request or require. Without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 9.03(c), for purposes of determining compliance with the conditions specified in this Section 4.01, each Lender that has signed this Agreement shall be deemed to have consented to, approved or accepted or to be satisfied with, each document or other matter required thereunder to be consented to or approved by or acceptable or satisfactory to a Lender unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from such Lender prior to the proposed Closing Date specifying its objection thereto. 4.02 Conditions to all Credit Extensions. The obligation of each Lender and the L/C Issuer to honor any Request for Credit Extension is subject to the following conditions precedent: 93 #4869-8209-4807v13 (a) Liens. The Collateral Agent shall hold a perfected, first priority Lien on all Collateral, for the ratable benefit of Lenders, subject only to Section 4.03 and any Permitted Liens. (b) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Borrower and each other Loan Party contained in Article II, Article V or any other Loan Document, or which are contained in any document furnished at any time under or in connection herewith or therewith, shall be true and correct on and as of the date of such Credit Extension, except to the extent any such representations and warranties relate to an earlier date, and except that for purposes of this Section 4.02, the representations and warranties contained in Sections 5.06(a) and (b) shall be deemed to refer to the most recent statements furnished pursuant to Sections 6.01(a) and (b), respectively. (c) No Default or Event of Default. The Borrower shall be in compliance with all the terms and provisions of the Loan Documents, and no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would result after giving effect to such Credit Extension. (d) Request for Credit Extension. The Administrative Agent and, if applicable, the applicable L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender shall have received a Request for Credit Extension in accordance with the requirements hereof. (e) Borrowing Base. The Administrative Agent shall have received a Borrowing Base Certificate dated as of the date of the Request for Credit Extension. (f) Maximum Commitment. The Administrative Agent shall determine that, after giving effect to the requested Credit Extension, the Total Revolving Outstandings will not exceed the relevant Commitment limits set forth in Section 2.01(a). (g) Absence of any Material Adverse Effect. No circumstance or event shall have occurred since the Closing Date that constitutes a Material Adverse Effect under this Agreement, nor would a Material Adverse Effect result from the funding, advance, issuance or incurrence of any Credit Extension. 4.03 Conditions to Borrowing Base Inclusion. (a) With respect to each asset included in the Borrowing Base, as of the Closing Date, or at any time thereafter, concurrently with the making of an advance of the Loans related thereto, (A) which is owned by the Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary, the Collateral Trustee shall have received the documentation required by Section 6.18(a) or (B) which is an Engine or item of Equipment that is owned by an Owner Trustee, the Collateral Agent shall have received the documentation (including any Trust Agreement, Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreements, Beneficial Interest Pledge Agreements, Owner Trustee Guaranty and Leasing Subsidiary Security Agreement, or a supplements to any of the foregoing, as applicable) set forth in clause (c) of the definition of “Eligible Asset.” (b) With respect to any Engine or item of Equipment included in the Borrowing Base, as of the Closing Date or any time thereafter, within five (5) Business Days following an advance of the Loans related thereto, the following conditions shall be satisfied: (i) With respect to each Engine or item of Equipment, to the extent not previously delivered pursuant to 4.03(a), the Collateral Agent shall have received the documentation set forth in the definitions of “Eligible Asset” and “Eligible Lease.” 94 #4869-8209-4807v13 (ii) In respect of any Owner Trustee which shall not have previously provided such documents to the Administrative Agent, the Administrative Agent shall have received (i) a copy of the resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Owner Trustee, in its individual capacity, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Owner Trustee, duly authorizing the execution, delivery and performance by the Owner Trustee of each of the Loan Documents to which the Owner Trustee is or will be a party and (ii) an incumbency certificate of Owner Trustee, as to the persons authorized to execute and deliver the Loan Documents to which it is or will be a party and the signatures of such person or persons. (iii) In the case of any Registerable Asset, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary (in either case, for itself or Owner Trustee) will have caused a Prospective International Interest (or International Interest) in such Registerable Asset listing the Collateral Agent as creditor to be registered with the International Registry with respect to the Mortgage and Security Agreement for such Registerable Asset and shall have caused to be filed with the FAA the Mortgage and Security Agreement or Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement with respect thereto and delivered the same to the Collateral Agent. (iv) In the case of any Registerable Asset, the Administrative Agent shall have received evidence reasonably satisfactory to it (including, with respect to each Registerable Asset which is eligible for registration with the International Registry, a printout of the “priority search certificate” (as defined in the Regulations for the International Registry) from the International Registry or other valid evidence of such ownership acceptable to the Collateral Agent relating to the Collateral Agent’s International Interest with respect to such Registerable Asset) with respect to such Registerable Asset to the effect that: (A) the applicable Engine Owner or Equipment Owner owns such Registerable Asset, free and clear of Liens other than Permitted Liens, and the Lien and International Interests and assignment of International Interests created by the Mortgage and Security Agreement or Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement, as the case may be; (B) the Lien and International Interest (or Prospective International Interest) of the Mortgage and Security Agreement created (or to be created) with respect to such Registerable Asset shall have been registered with the International Registry and the FAA (provided that the Administrative Agent may agree, in its sole discretion, to waive either of such registration requirements for any such Engine or Equipment held solely for the purpose of being broken down into Parts), and, other than any Lease in effect prior to either (x) the date of the Existing Credit Agreement, or (y) the acquisition of such Registerable Asset by the Borrower, no Lien or International Interest shall have been registered on the International Registry or with the FAA prior to such International Interest (or Prospective International Interest) with respect to such Registerable Asset; and (C) with respect to such Registerable Asset and any related Lease, the Borrower (or any Restricted Subsidiary) is in compliance with the applicable provisions of the Mortgage and Security Agreement. (v) If any Registerable Asset is subject to a Lease, then the following statements shall be true, and the Administrative Agent shall have received evidence


 
95 #4869-8209-4807v13 reasonably satisfactory to it (including, with respect to each Cape Town Eligible Lease, a printout of the “priority search certificate” (as defined in the Regulations for the International Registry) from the International Registry or other valid evidence of such ownership acceptable to the Collateral Agent relating to the Lessor’s interest in and International Interest with respect to such Registerable Asset under such Lease) with respect to such Registerable Asset and the related Lease to the effect that: (A) the applicable Engine Owner or Equipment Owner owns such Registerable Asset and Lease, free and clear of Liens other than Permitted Liens and the Lien, the International Interests and the assignment of International Interests created by the Mortgage and Security Agreement and/or Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement; (B) if the Lessee under such Lease is situated in a Contracting State, (x) the International Interest created by such Lease shall have been registered with the International Registry, and no International Interest shall have been registered on the International Registry prior to the registration of such International Interest (or Prospective International Interest) with respect to such Lease, (y) with respect to any Lease entered into after the date of the Existing Credit Agreement, the registration of the International Interest created by such Lease shall be subordinate to the International Interest of the Collateral Agent in the related Registerable Asset, and (z) the assignment (or prospective assignment) of such International Interest by the Lessor to the Collateral Agent shall have been registered with the International Registry; and (C) the applicable Engine Owner or Equipment Owner shall have caused executed originals of the Mortgage and Security Agreement or Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement with respect to such Registerable Asset and/or Lease to be filed with the FAA; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, but subject to clause (A) of this Section 4.03(v) if the Mortgage and Security Agreement or Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement and/or Lease for any Registerable Asset is not available on any borrowing date, but provided that in the case of a Lease of any Registerable Asset, the Lessee thereunder is situated in a Contracting State, the parties hereto agree nevertheless to close on the financing of such Registerable Asset so long as a Prospective International Interest or International Interest in such Registerable Asset and such Mortgage and Security Agreement or Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement and/or Lease has been duly registered in favor of the Collateral Agent at the International Registry (with no prior International Interest in such Registerable Asset or Lease having been registered at the International Registry prior to the registration of such Prospective International Interest or International Interest in favor of the Collateral Agent), in which case the Borrower shall cause the Mortgage and Security Agreement or Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement and/or Lease to be filed with the FAA within three (3) days of such registration of Prospective International Interest or International Interest; (vi) the Borrower (or any Restricted Subsidiary) shall have caused its legal counsel to deliver to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower a memorandum as to the filing with the FAA for recordation and registration of an International Interest on the 96 #4869-8209-4807v13 International Registry with respect to, the Mortgage and Security Agreement or Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement and/or Lease and the lack of filing with the FAA of any intervening documents, and the lack of registration with the International Registry of any intervening interests, with respect to such Registerable Asset and/or Lease, as applicable. (c) With respect to each PDP Loan included in the Borrowing Base, as of the Closing Date or at any time thereafter, within five (5) Business Days following an advance of the Loan related thereto, the following conditions shall be satisfied: (i) to the extent not previously delivered pursuant to Section 4.03(a), the Collateral Agent shall have received the documentation and the PDP Loan shall have met the eligibility criteria set forth in the definition of “Eligible PDP Loan; (ii) the Collateral Agent holds a fully perfected first priority Lien over the Equity Interests of the Loan Party that is the lender of such PDP Loan and the PDP Loan Documents, in each case, pursuant to the Pledge Agreement, which is subject to no other Liens except for Permitted Liens; and (iii) the Collateral Agent shall have received the documents required to be delivered by Sections 2.05(a)(ii) and 2.06(a) of the Pledge Agreement. (d) With respect to each Loan Product included in the Borrowing Base, as of the Closing Date or any time thereafter, within five (5) Business Days following an advance of the Loan related thereto, the following conditions shall be satisfied: (i) to the extent not previously delivered pursuant to Section 4.03(a), the Collateral Agent shall have received the documentation and the Loan Product shall have met the eligibility criteria set forth in the definition of “Eligible Loan Product; (ii) the Collateral Agent holds a fully perfected first-priority Lien over the Loan Product and the Loan Product Documents pursuant to the Pledge Agreement, which is subject to no other Liens except for Permitted Liens; and (iii) the Collateral Agent shall have received the documents required to be delivered by Sections 2.05(a)(ii) and 2.06(a) of the Pledge Agreement. (e) With respect to the Specified Real Property included in the Borrowing Base: (i) as of the Closing Date or any time thereafter, within five (5) Business Days following an advance of the Loan related thereto, irrespective of whether a Security Election has occurred to the extent not previously delivered pursuant to Section 4.03(a), the Collateral Agent shall have received the documentation with respect to such Specified Real Property, and such Specified Real Property shall have met the conditions, set forth in the definition of “Eligible Specified Asset;” and (ii) if a Security Election has occurred, the following conditions shall be satisfied within sixty (60) days (or such longer period as may be necessary to satisfy the relevant conditions as determined by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion), following the Specified Asset Owners receipt of notice from the Administrative Agent that it has made a Security Election: 97 #4869-8209-4807v13 (A) the Administrative Agent shall have performed to its reasonable satisfaction its due diligence review; (B) the Specified Asset Owner shall have executed and delivered to Collateral Agent the Specified Real Property Collateral Documents; (C) all recordings, filings and registrations required under Applicable Law to perfect the Liens under Specified Real Property Collateral Documents have been made; (D) written opinions of counsel to the Specified Asset Owner shall have been delivered to Administrative Agent, covering such matters concerning the Specified Asset Owner and the Specified Real Property Collateral Documents in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Administrative Agent; (E) the applicable Specified Asset Owner shall have delivered to Administrative Agent a completed “Life-of-Loan” Federal Emergency Management Agency Standard Flood Hazard Determination with respect to such Specified Real Property (together with a notice about special flood hazard area status and flood disaster assistance duly executed by Borrower and the applicable Specified Asset Owner relating thereto) and, if any such Specified Real Property is located in a special flood hazard area, a copy of the flood insurance policy or such other evidence of flood insurance reasonably satisfactory in coverage and amounts to Administrative Agent; (F) to the extent the Flood Insurance Laws are applicable with respect to such Specified Real Property, the Administrative Agent shall not enter after the Closing Date into any mortgage in respect of such Specified Real Property until (1) the date that occurs forty-five (45) days after the Administrative Agent has delivered to the Lenders (which may be delivered electronically) with respect to such Specified Real Property the following documents: (i) a completed flood hazard determination from a third party vendor; (ii) if such Specified Real Property is located in a “special flood hazard area”, (I) a notification to the Borrower (or applicable the owner of the Specified Real Property) of that fact and (if applicable) notification to the Borrower that flood insurance coverage is not available and (II) evidence of the receipt by the Borrower of such notice; and (iii) if such notice is required to be provided to the Borrower and flood insurance is available in the community in which such Specified Real Property is located, evidence of required flood insurance and (2) the Administrative Agent shall not have received written notification from any Lender that its flood insurance due diligence and flood insurance compliance has not been completed within such forty five (45)-day period by such Lender; (G) copies of all consents and authorizations of, permits from or filings with any Governmental Authority or other Person required in connection with the execution, delivery, performance or enforceability of the Specified Real Property Collateral Documents shall have been delivered to Administrative Agent; and (H) the Specified Asset Owner shall have delivered to Administrative Agent such other assurances, certificates, documents, consents, evidence of 98 #4869-8209-4807v13 perfection of all Liens under the Specified Real Property Collateral Documents as Administrative Agent may reasonably require. (f) With respect to the Specified Vessel, as of the Closing Date, the following conditions shall be satisfied: (i) to the extent not previously delivered pursuant to Section 4.03(a), the Collateral Agent shall have received the documentation with respect to such Specified Vessel, and the Specified Vessel shall have met the conditions, set forth in the definition of “Eligible Specified Asset;” (ii) the Administrative Agent shall have performed to its reasonable satisfaction its due diligence review; (iii) Specified Asset Owner has executed and delivered to Collateral Agent the Specified Vessel Collateral Documents; (iv) a UCC-1 financing statement shall have been filed with the applicable Governmental Authority in Washington D.C. and all recordings, filings and registrations reasonably required under Applicable Law to perfect the Liens in favor of the Agent under the Specified Vessel Collateral Documents have been made; (v) written opinions of counsel to the Specified Asset Owner shall have been delivered to Administrative Agent, covering such matters concerning the Specified Asset Owner and the Specified Vessel Collateral Documents in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Administrative Agent; and (vi) the Specified Asset Owner shall have delivered to Administrative Agent such other assurances, certificates, documents, consents, evidence of perfection of all Liens under the Specified Vessel Collateral Documents, as Administrative Agent may reasonably require. (g) With respect to any Generator included in the Borrowing Base as of the Closing Date or any time thereafter, within five (5) Business Days following an advance of the Loan related thereto, the following conditions shall be satisfied: (i) to the extent not previously delivered pursuant to Section 4.03(a), the Collateral Agent shall have received the documentation with respect to such Generator, and such Generator shall have met the conditions, set forth in the definition of “Eligible Specified Asset;” (ii) the Specified Asset Owner has executed the Generator Collateral Documents and delivered such Generator Collateral Documents to the Collateral Agent; (iii) all recordings, filings and registrations required under Applicable Law to perfect the Liens under the Generator Collateral Documents have been made; and (iv) the Specified Asset Owner shall have delivered to Administrative Agent such other assurances, certificates, documents, consents, evidence of perfection of all Liens under the Generator Collateral Documents as Administrative Agent may reasonably require.


 
99 #4869-8209-4807v13 ARTICLE V REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES Each Loan Party represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, as of the date made or deemed made, that: 5.01 Existence, Qualification and Power. Each Loan Party (a) is duly organized or formed, validly existing and, as applicable, in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, (b) has all requisite power and authority and all requisite governmental licenses, authorizations, consents and approvals to (i) own or lease its assets and carry on its business and (ii) execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Loan Documents to which it is a party, and (c) is duly qualified and is licensed and, as applicable, in good standing under the Laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership, lease or operation of properties or the conduct of its business requires such qualification or license; except in each case referred to in clause (b)(i) or (c), to the extent that failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 5.02 Authorization; No Contravention. The execution, delivery and performance by each Loan Party of each Loan Document to which such Person is or is to be a party have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other organizational action, and do not and will not (a) contravene the terms of any of such Person’s Organization Documents; (b) conflict with or result in any breach or contravention of, or the creation of (or the requirement to create) any Lien under (other than pursuant to the Loan Documents), or require any payment to be made under (i) any provision of any security issued by such Person or of any agreement, instrument or other undertaking to which such Person is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound or (ii) any order, injunction, writ or decree of any Governmental Authority or any arbitral award to which such Person or its property is subject; or (c) violate any Applicable Law, except, in each case referred to in clause (b) or (c), to the extent that failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 5.03 Governmental Authorization; Other Consents. No approval, consent, exemption, authorization, or other action by, or notice to, or filing with, any Governmental Authority or any other Person is necessary or required in connection with (a) the execution, delivery or performance by any Loan Party of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (b) the grant by any Loan Party of the Liens granted by it pursuant to the Collateral Documents, or (c) the perfection of the Liens created under the Collateral Documents (including the first priority nature thereof), other than, in each of the foregoing cases (i) authorizations, approvals, actions, notices and filings which have been duly obtained, (ii) filings to perfect the Liens created by the Collateral Documents, (iii) after the Closing Date, such permits, licenses, authorizations, approvals and entitlements that are required for the lawful conduct of the Loan Parties’ business, each of which shall have been obtained on or before the date on which it is required to be obtained, and (iv) those approvals, consents, authorizations, actions, notices and filings the failure of which to obtain, take, give or make, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 5.04 Binding Effect. This Agreement has been, and each other Loan Document, when delivered hereunder, will have been, duly executed and delivered by each Loan Party that is party thereto. This Agreement constitutes, and 100 #4869-8209-4807v13 each other Loan Document when so delivered will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Loan Party, enforceable against each Loan Party that is party thereto in accordance with its terms, except to the extent limited by (i) Debtor Relief Laws or (ii) equitable principles relating to the granting of specific performance and other equitable remedies as a matter of judicial discretion. 5.05 Financial Statements; No Material Adverse Effect. (a) Audited Financial Statements. The Audited Financial Statements (i) were prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the period covered thereby, except as otherwise expressly noted therein and (ii) fairly present in all material respects the financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries (on a consolidated basis) as of the date thereof and their results of operations, cash flows and changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the period covered thereby in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the period covered thereby, except as otherwise expressly noted therein. (b) Quarterly Financial Statements. The unaudited Consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries dated June 30, 2024, and the related Consolidated statements of income or operations, Shareholders’ Equity and cash flows for the fiscal quarter ended on that date (i) were prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the period covered thereby, except as otherwise expressly noted therein, and (ii) fairly present in all material respects the financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the date thereof and their results of operations, cash flows and changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the period covered thereby, subject, in the case of clauses (i) and (ii), to the absence of footnotes and to normal year-end audit adjustments. (c) Material Adverse Effect. Since the date of the balance sheet included in the Audited Financial Statements, as of the Closing Date, there has been no event or circumstance, either individually or in the aggregate, that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 5.06 Litigation. Except for the matters set forth in Schedule 5.06, there are no actions, suits, proceedings, claims or disputes pending as to which any Loan Party or any Restricted Subsidiary have been served or have received notice or, to the best knowledge of the Loan Parties, threatened, at law, in equity, in arbitration or before any Governmental Authority, by or against any Loan Party or any Restricted Subsidiary or against any of their properties or revenues that (a) purport to affect or pertain to this Agreement or any other Loan Document or any of the transactions contemplated hereby, or (b) either individually or in the aggregate could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 5.07 No Default. No Default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any other Loan Document. 5.08 Ownership of Property. Each Loan Party has good record and marketable title in fee simple to, or valid leasehold interests in, all Real Property necessary or used in the ordinary conduct of its business, except for such defects in title as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 101 #4869-8209-4807v13 5.09 Environmental Matters. Except as described in Schedule 5.09, as of the Closing Date (a) neither Borrower nor any of its Restricted Subsidiaries at any time has disposed of, discharged, Released or threatened the Release of any Hazardous Materials in violation of any Environmental Law, (b) to the best knowledge of Borrower, no condition exists that violates any Environmental Law affecting any real property owned by Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, (c) no real property or any portion thereof is or has been utilized by Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries as a site for the manufacture of any Hazardous Materials and (d) to the extent that any Hazardous Materials are used, generated or stored by Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries on any real property, or transported to or from such real property by Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, such use, generation, storage and transportation are in compliance with all Environmental Law. 5.10 Insurance. The properties of the Loan Parties and the Restricted Subsidiaries are insured with financially sound and reputable insurance companies not Affiliates of the Borrower, in such amounts, with such deductibles and covering such risks as are customarily carried by companies engaged in similar businesses and owning similar properties in localities where the applicable Loan Party or the applicable Subsidiary operates. The Loan Parties are in compliance with Section 6.07. 5.11 Taxes. Each Loan Party has timely filed all federal, state and other material tax returns and reports required to be filed, and have timely paid all federal, state and other material Taxes (whether or not shown on a tax return), including in its capacity as a withholding agent, levied or imposed upon it or its properties, income or assets otherwise due and payable, except those which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and for which adequate reserves have been provided in accordance with GAAP. 5.12 ERISA Compliance. (a) Each Plan is in compliance with the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and other federal or state laws except to the extent that such non-compliance has not resulted or could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Each Pension Plan that is intended to be a qualified plan under Section 401(a) of the Code has received a favorable determination letter or is subject to a favorable opinion letter from the IRS to the effect that the form of such Plan is qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code and the trust related thereto has been determined by the IRS to be exempt from federal income tax under Section 501(a) of the Code, or an application for such a letter is currently being processed by the IRS. To the best knowledge of the Loan Parties, nothing has occurred that would reasonably be expected to prevent or cause the loss of such tax-qualified status. (b) There are no pending or, to the best knowledge of the Loan Parties, threatened claims, actions or lawsuits, or action by any Governmental Authority, with respect to any Plan that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There has been no prohibited transaction or violation of the fiduciary responsibility rules by the Loan Parties or to the knowledge of the Loan Parties, any of their employees, with respect to any Plan that has resulted or could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. 102 #4869-8209-4807v13 (c) (i) No ERISA Event has occurred, and no Loan Party nor any ERISA Affiliate is aware of any fact, event or circumstance that could reasonably be expected to constitute or result in an ERISA Event with respect to any Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan; (ii) as of the most recent valuation date for any Pension Plan, the funding target attainment percentage (as defined in Section 430(d)(2) of the Code) is 60% or higher and no Loan Party nor any ERISA Affiliate knows of any facts or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to cause the funding target attainment percentage for any such plan to drop below 60% as of the most recent valuation date; (iii) no Loan Party nor any ERISA Affiliate has incurred any liability to the PBGC other than for the payment of premiums, and there are no premium payments which have become due that are unpaid; (iv) neither the Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate has engaged in a transaction that could reasonably be expected to be subject to Section 4069 or Section 4212(c) of ERISA; and (v) no Pension Plan has been terminated by the plan administrator thereof nor by the PBGC, and no event or circumstance has occurred or exists that could reasonably be expected to cause the PBGC to institute proceedings under Title IV of ERISA to terminate any Pension Plan. (d) Neither the Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate maintains or contributes to, or has any unsatisfied obligation to contribute to, or liability under, any active or terminated Pension Plan other than (i) on the Closing Date, those listed on Schedule 5.12 hereto and (ii) thereafter, Pension Plans not otherwise prohibited by this Agreement. (e) The Borrower represents and warrants as of the Closing Date that the Borrower is not and will not be using “plan assets” (within the meaning of Section 3(42) of ERISA or otherwise) of one or more Benefit Plans with respect to the Borrower’s entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments or this Agreement. 5.13 Margin Regulations; Investment Company Act. (a) Margin Regulations. Neither the Borrower nor any of its Restricted Subsidiaries is engaged or will engage, principally or as one of its important activities, in the business of purchasing or carrying margin stock (within the meaning of Regulation U), or extending credit for the purpose of purchasing or carrying margin stock. (b) Investment Company Act. None of the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary is or is required to be registered as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940. 5.14 Disclosure. No report, financial statement, certificate or other written information concerning the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries that was furnished in writing by or on behalf of any Loan Party to the Administrative Agent or any Lender in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and the negotiation of this Agreement or delivered hereunder or under any other Loan Document (in each case as modified or supplemented by other information so furnished) when so furnished and taken as a whole, contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not materially misleading (in each case after giving effect to all supplements and updates provided thereto); provided that, with respect to projected financial information and other forward looking information, each Loan Party represents only that such information was prepared in good faith based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at the time (it being understood and agreed that such projected financial information is not to be viewed as facts and that actual results during the period or periods covered by any such projected financial information may


 
103 #4869-8209-4807v13 differ significantly from the projected results, and no assurance can be given that projected results will be realized). 5.15 Compliance with Laws. Each Loan Party and each Restricted Subsidiary thereof is in compliance with the requirements of all Applicable Laws and all orders, writs, injunctions and decrees applicable to it or to its properties, except in such instances in which (a) such requirement of Law or order, writ, injunction or decree is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted or (b) the failure to comply therewith, either individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 5.16 Solvency. The Loan Parties are, on a Consolidated basis, Solvent. 5.17 Casualty, Etc. Neither the businesses nor the properties of any Loan Party are affected by any fire, explosion, accident, strike, lockout or other labor dispute, drought, storm, hail, earthquake, embargo, act of God or of the public enemy or other casualty (whether or not covered by insurance) that, either individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 5.18 Sanctions Concerns and Anti-Corruption Laws. (a) Sanctions Concerns. No Loan Party, nor any Subsidiary, nor, to the knowledge of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries, any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or representative thereof, is an individual or entity that is, or is 50% or more owned or controlled by one or more individuals or entities that are (i) currently the subject or target of any Sanctions, (ii) included on OFAC’s List of Specially Designated Nationals or HMT’s Consolidated List of Financial Sanctions Targets, or any similar list enforced by the United States Government (including OFAC and the U.S. Department of State), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union or HMT or (iii) located, organized or resident in a Designated Jurisdiction, excepting as may be authorized by general or specific licenses or license exceptions with respect to the applicable Sanctions or to the extent permitted under, or otherwise not be in violation of, the applicable Sanctions. The Borrower and its Subsidiaries have conducted their businesses in compliance with all Sanctions and have instituted and maintained policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote compliance with such Sanctions. (b) Anti-Corruption Laws. The Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries have conducted their business in compliance in all material respects with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the UK Bribery Act 2010 and other applicable anti-corruption legislation in other jurisdictions, and have instituted and maintained policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote compliance with such laws. 5.19 Subsidiaries; Equity Interests; Loan Parties. (a) Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures, Partnerships and Equity Investments. (i) Set forth on Schedule 5.19(a) is a complete and accurate list of all Subsidiaries, joint ventures and partnerships and other equity investments of the Loan 104 #4869-8209-4807v13 Parties as of the Closing Date or as of the last date such Schedule was required to be updated in accordance with Section 6.03(e) and Section 6.13. (ii) Each Subsidiary that is an Excluded Subsidiary is so indicated on Schedule 5.19(a). (b) Loan Parties. Set forth on Schedule 5.19(b) is a complete and accurate list of all Loan Parties, showing as of the Closing Date, or as of the last date such Schedule was required to be updated in accordance with Section 6.13, (as to each Loan Party), or as of the date the Borrower has voluntarily updated such Schedule, which may occur at any time without the consent of, but with notice to, the Agent, (i) the exact legal name, (ii) any former legal names of such Loan Party in the four (4) months prior to the Closing Date, (iii) the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, as applicable, (iv) the type of organization, (v) the address of its chief executive office and (vi) its U.S. federal taxpayer identification number or, in the case of any non-U.S. Loan Party that does not have a U.S. taxpayer identification number, its unique identification number issued to it by the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization. 5.20 Collateral Representations. (a) Collateral Documents. The Collateral Documents create legal, valid and enforceable security interests in, and Liens (subject to Permitted Liens) on, all the right, title and interests in the Collateral purported to be covered thereby, which security interests and Liens are currently perfected security interests, to the extent required by the Collateral Documents. (b) Pledged Equity Interests. Set forth on Schedule 5.20(b), as of the Closing Date and as of the last date such Schedule 5.20(b) was required to be updated in accordance with Section 6.13, is a list of (i) all Pledged Equity and (ii) all other Equity Interests required to be pledged to the Administrative Agent pursuant to the Collateral Documents (in each case, detailing the Grantor (as defined in the Pledge Agreement), the Person whose Equity Interests are pledged, the number of shares of each class of Equity Interests, the certificate number and percentage ownership of outstanding shares of each class of Equity Interests and the class or nature of such Equity Interests (i.e., voting, non-voting, preferred, etc.)). (c) Specified Real Properties. Set forth on Schedule 5.20(c), as of the Closing Date and, with respect to any Specified Real Property added to the Borrowing Base after the Closing Date, as of the last date such Specified Real Property was added to the Borrowing Base, is a list of all Specified Real Properties (including (i) the name of the Loan Party owning such Specified Real Property, (ii) the property address, and (iii) the city, county, state and zip code which such Specified Real Property is located). 5.21 Affected Financial Institutions. No Loan Party is an Affected Financial Institution. 5.22 Covered Entities. No Loan Party is a Covered Entity. 105 #4869-8209-4807v13 5.23 Beneficial Ownership Certification. The information included in the Beneficial Ownership Certification, if applicable, is true and correct in all respects. 5.24 Regulation H. As of the date on which the conditions set forth in Section 4.03(e)(ii) have been satisfied with respect to any Specified Real Property , such Specified Real Property is either (i) not a Flood Hazard Property or (ii) if such Specified Real Property is a Flood Hazard Property the Administrative Agent shall have received the following: (a) the applicable Loan Party’s written acknowledgment of receipt of written notification from the Administrative Agent (i) as to the fact that such Specified Real Property is a Flood Hazard Property, (ii) as to whether the community in which each such Flood Hazard Property is located is participating in the National Flood Insurance Program and (iii) such other flood hazard determination forms, notices and confirmations thereof as requested by the Administrative Agent and (b) copies of insurance policies or certificates of insurance of the applicable Loan Party evidencing flood insurance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and naming the Administrative Agent as loss payee on behalf of the Lenders. All flood hazard insurance policies required hereunder have been obtained and remain in full force and effect, and the premiums thereon have been paid in full. 5.25 Leases, Engines and Equipment. Each of the following is true and correct with respect to each existing Lease for an Engine and/or item of Equipment included in the Borrowing Base that is not Off-Lease: (a) The amounts of rent and other amounts due under each such Lease, as shown on the Borrower’s books and records and on any statement or schedule delivered to the Administrative Agent in connection therewith, are the true and correct amounts actually owed to the Borrower and the other Lessors. (b) With respect to any such Lease, unless the Administrative Agent has received a Chattel Paper Certificate in respect of such Lease, the designated “Chattel Paper” original is in the possession of the Collateral Agent or, with respect to chattel paper, if there shall be more than one original, then the sole counterpart which constitutes “chattel paper” for purposes of perfection by possession under the UCC is in the possession of the Collateral Agent. (c) All rentals, fees, costs, expenses and charges paid or payable by the Lessee under any such Lease, including any brokerage and other fees paid to the Borrower do not violate any Applicable Law relating to the maximum fees, costs, expenses or charges that can be charged in any jurisdiction in which any Engine or Equipment is located or in which the corresponding Lessee is located, or in which a transaction was consummated, or in any other jurisdiction which may have jurisdiction with respect to any such Engine, Equipment, corresponding Lease or Lessee. 5.26 Cape Town Convention. Each of the following is true and correct with respect to each Lease for an Engine and item of Equipment included in the Borrowing Base: (a) Each relevant Loan Party that is the Lessor under such Lease is (i) a “Transactional User Entity” (as such term is defined in the Regulations for the International Registry); (ii) “situated,” for the purposes of the Cape Town Convention, in the United States; and (iii) has the “power to dispose” (as such term is used in the Cape Town Convention) of the Airframe, Engines or Turboprop Engines; 106 #4869-8209-4807v13 (b) The Registerable Assets are “aircraft objects” (as such term is defined in the Cape Town Convention); and (c) The payment of principal of and interest on the Notes, and the performance by the Borrower of the Obligations, are “associated rights” (as such term is defined in the Cape Town Convention) with respect to each Registerable Asset. 5.27 Depreciation Policies. The Borrower’s depreciation policies in effect as of the Closing Date with respect to the Engines, the Equipment and the Specified Assets are as set forth on Schedule 5.27. 5.28 Outstanding Preferred Stock. All issued and outstanding preferred Stock of the Borrower is duly authorized and validly issued. All of the issued and outstanding preferred Stock of the Borrower, as of the Closing Date, is owned by each of the Persons and in the amounts set forth in Schedule 5.28. 5.29 Eligible Engines and Equipment. As of the Closing Date Schedule 5.29 sets forth a list of all Eligible Engines and/or items of Eligible Equipment (other than Eligible Parts) indicating whether such Eligible Engine or Eligible Equipment is subject to a Lease in effect. 5.30 Preservation of International Interests. The Lien, International Interest and assignment of International Interest of each Mortgage and Security Agreement and Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement and the International Interest of each Cape Town Eligible Lease shall be registered with the FAA and/or International Registry, and such rights, International Interests and assignments of International Interest of the Engine Owner, Equipment Owner and the Collateral Agent in each Registerable Asset are at all times maintained as against any third parties under the Applicable Laws of any jurisdiction within the United States and as against any third parties in any Contracting State under the Cape Town Convention. ARTICLE VI AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS Each of the Loan Parties hereby covenants and agrees that on the Closing Date and thereafter until the Facility Termination Date, such Loan Party shall, and shall cause each of its Restricted Subsidiaries to: 6.01 Financial Statements. Deliver to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, in form and detail satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders: (a) Audited Financial Statements. As soon as available, but in any event within ninety (90) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Borrower (or, if earlier, fifteen (15) days after the date required to be filed with the SEC (giving effect to any extension permitted by the SEC)) (commencing with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024), the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as at the end of such fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, all in reasonable detail and prepared in accordance with GAAP, audited and accompanied by a report and opinion of an independent certified public accountant of nationally recognized standing reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent, which report and opinion shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and shall not be subject to any “going concern” or like qualification or


 
107 #4869-8209-4807v13 exception or any qualification or exception as to the scope of such audit, such Consolidated Financial Statements to be certified by an Authorized Signatory. (b) Quarterly Financial Statements. (i) As soon as available, but in any event within forty-five (45) days after the end of each of the first three (3) fiscal quarters of each fiscal year of the Borrower (or, if earlier, five (5) days after the date required to be filed with the SEC (giving effect to any extension permitted by the SEC)) and (ii) as soon as available, but in any event within ninety (90) days after the end of the last fiscal quarter of each fiscal year of the Borrower (or, if earlier, fifteen (15) days after the date required to be filed with the SEC (giving effect to any extension permitted by the SEC)), (A) the Financial Statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as at the end of such fiscal quarter, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the corresponding fiscal quarter of the previous fiscal year and the corresponding portion of the previous fiscal year, all in reasonable detail and prepared in accordance with GAAP, such non- Consolidated Financial Statements to be certified by an Authorized Signatory and (B) company- prepared Financial Statements for the Borrower on a non-consolidated basis for such fiscal quarter. As to any information contained in materials furnished pursuant to Section 6.02(d), the Borrower shall not be separately required to furnish such information under Section 6.01(a) or (b) above, but the foregoing shall not be in derogation of the obligation of the Borrower to furnish the information and materials described in Sections 6.01(a) and (b) above at the times specified therein. 6.02 Certificates; Certain Other Information. Deliver to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, in form and detail satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders: (a) Compliance Certificate. Concurrently with the delivery of the financial statements referred to in Sections 6.01(a) and (b) (i) a duly completed Compliance Certificate signed by an Authorized Signatory of the Borrower. Unless the Administrative Agent or a Lender request executed originals, delivery of the Compliance Certificate may be by electronic communication including fax or email and shall be deemed to be an original and authentic counterpart thereof for all purposes. To the extent new Restricted Subsidiaries that are required to become Guarantors have been formed or acquired, to the extent not previously delivered pursuant to Section 6.13, an updated version of Schedule 5.19(b) shall be attached to the Compliance Certificate delivered following each such Restricted Subsidiary’s formation or acquisition, as applicable. (b) Changes in Entity Structure. In the event of any merger or consolidation of any Loan Party permitted pursuant to the terms hereof, provide prompt (and in any event no later than delivery of the next Compliance Certificate) notice of such change in entity structure to the Administrative Agent, along with such other information as reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent. Provide prompt (and in any event no later than delivery of the next Compliance Certificate) notice to the Administrative Agent, of any change in any Loan Party’s legal name, state of organization, or organizational existence. (c) Audit Reports. Promptly after any request by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, copies of any detailed audit reports submitted to the board of directors (or the audit committee of the board of directors) of any Loan Party by independent accountants in connection with the accounts or books of any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries, or any audit of any of them. (d) Annual Reports; Etc. Promptly after the same are available, copies of each annual report, proxy or Financial Statement or other report or communication sent to the stockholders of the Borrower, and copies of all annual, regular, periodic and special reports and registration 108 #4869-8209-4807v13 statements which the Borrower may file or be required to file with the SEC under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or with any national securities exchange, and in any case not otherwise required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant hereto. (e) Anti-Money-Laundering; Beneficial Ownership Regulation. Promptly following any request therefor, information and documentation reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or any Lender for purposes of compliance with applicable “know your customer” and anti- money-laundering rules and regulations, including the Patriot Act. (f) Beneficial Ownership. To the extent any Loan Party qualifies as a “legal entity customer” under the Beneficial Ownership Regulation, an updated Beneficial Ownership Certification promptly following any change in the information provided in the Beneficial Ownership Certification delivered to any Lender in relation to such Loan Party that would result in a change to the list of beneficial owners identified in such certification. (g) Additional Information. Promptly, such additional financial information regarding any Loan Party or any Restricted Subsidiary thereof, or compliance with the terms of the Loan Documents, as the Administrative Agent or any Lender may from time to time reasonably request. Documents required to be delivered pursuant to Section 6.01(a) or (b) or Section 6.02(g) (to the extent any such documents are included in materials otherwise filed with the SEC) may be delivered electronically and if so delivered, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date (i) on which the Borrower posts such documents, or provides a link thereto on the Borrower’s website on the Internet at the website address listed on Schedule 1.01(a); or (ii) on which such documents are posted on the Borrower’s behalf on an Internet or intranet website, if any, to which each Lender and the Administrative Agent have access (whether a commercial, third-party website or whether sponsored by the Administrative Agent); provided that: the Borrower shall deliver paper copies of such documents to the Administrative Agent or any Lender upon its request to the Borrower to deliver such paper copies until a written request to cease delivering paper copies is given by the Administrative Agent or such Lender. The Administrative Agent shall have no obligation to request the delivery of or to maintain paper copies of the documents referred to above, and in any event shall have no responsibility to monitor compliance by the Borrower with any such request by a Lender for delivery, and each Lender shall be solely responsible for requesting delivery to it or maintaining its copies of such documents. The Borrower hereby acknowledges that (i) the Administrative Agent and/or an Affiliate thereof may, but shall not be obligated to, make available to the Lenders and each L/C Issuer materials and/or information provided by or on behalf of the Borrower hereunder (collectively, “Borrower Materials”) by posting the Borrower Materials on IntraLinks, Syndtrak, ClearPar or a substantially similar electronic transmission system (the “Platform”). 6.03 Notices and Information. Shall provide to the Administrative Agent and, with respect to clauses (a) and (b), each Lender: (a) promptly, and in any event within two (2) Business Days, notice of the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default; (b) promptly, and in any event within two (2) Business Days of when the Borrower becomes aware or, in the exercise of reasonable due diligence should have become aware of the same, written notice if at any time a Borrowing Base Deficiency exists, and promptly, and in any 109 #4869-8209-4807v13 event within five (5) Business Days, written notice of any material damage to or other Event of Loss with respect to any Eligible Engine or Eligible Equipment; (c) (i) within thirty (30) days of the deadline in each calendar year in the reporting requirement under the West Funding Facilities, the audited financial statements of WEST III (unconsolidated), WEST IV (unconsolidated), WEST V (unconsolidated), WEST VI (unconsolidated) and WEST VII (unconsolidated) and (ii) on or before May 31 of each calendar year, the audited financial statements of WMES; (d) as soon as practicable and in any event within fifteen (15) days after the end of each fiscal quarter, a report calculating the percentage that the consolidated total assets of all Immaterial Subsidiaries bears in comparison to the consolidated total assets of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, the Excluded Subsidiaries from such calculation); (e) as soon as practicable and in any event within fifteen (15) days after the end of each fiscal quarter, an updated Schedule 5.19(a); (f) as soon as practicable and in any event within fifteen (15) days after the end of each calendar month, a Borrowing Base Certificate of the Borrower setting forth, as of the end of such calendar month, among other things, (i) a detailed calculation of the Borrowing Base and (ii) a description of the Eligible Engines, Eligible Equipment, Eligible Leases and Eligible Specified Assets included in the Borrowing Base; (g) within fifteen (15) days following the end of each fiscal quarter, the relevant Appraisal(s) with respect to Eligible Engines, Eligible Equipment and/or Eligible Saleable Assets added to the Borrowing Base during such fiscal quarter just ended; (h) promptly upon the earlier of the date on which the Borrower becomes aware or, in the exercise of reasonable due diligence should have become aware of the same, notice, by telephone (to be confirmed within three (3) calendar days in writing from the Borrower to each Lender), of the occurrence of any of the following: (i) any breach under any contract or contracts and breach involves payments by the Borrower in an amount which would result in a Material Adverse Effect; (ii) any instance in which Engines or Equipment are operated (x) on routes with respect to which it is customary for air carriers flying comparable routes to carry confiscation or expropriation insurance for which such insurance has not been obtained or (y) in any area designated by companies providing such coverage as a recognized or threatened war zone or area of hostilities or an area where there is a substantial risk of confiscation or expropriation; and (iii) any “Early Amortization Event,” Event of Default or “Servicer Termination Event” (as such terms are defined in the applicable WEST Funding Facility) under the WEST Funding Facilities; (i) promptly copies of any material amendments, modifications or supplements to (i) any certificates of incorporation or by-laws of the Loan Parties, and (ii) the WEST Funding Facilities, certified, with respect to the certificate of incorporation, by the appropriate state officials, 110 #4869-8209-4807v13 and, with respect to the other foregoing documents, by an Authorized Signatory of the Borrower as a true and correct copy thereof; (j) promptly notice in writing of (i) any litigation, legal proceeding or dispute, other than disputes in the ordinary course of business or, whether or not in the ordinary course of business, affecting the Borrower and/or any Restricted Subsidiary as a defendant, whether or not fully covered by insurance, and regardless of the subject matter thereof, which proceeding or dispute, if determined or resolved against the Borrower and/or any Restricted Subsidiary is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary or (ii) any cancellation or threatened cancellation by any insurance carrier of any insurance policy or policies carried by any Loan Party on the assets and properties of any Loan Party. Each notice pursuant to this Section 6.03 shall be accompanied by a statement of an Authorized Signatory of the Borrower setting forth details of the occurrence referred to therein and to the extent applicable, stating what action the Borrower has taken and proposes to take with respect thereto. 6.04 Payment of Obligations. Pay and discharge as the same shall become due and payable, all material Taxes imposed upon it or its properties or assets, unless the same are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and adequate reserves in accordance with GAAP are being maintained by the Borrower or such Subsidiary; provided that such contested amounts shall not exceed, in the aggregate, $10,000,000 (or such higher amount as may be agreed to by the Agent in its reasonable discretion). 6.05 Preservation of Existence, Etc. (a) Except as permitted by Sections 7.04 and 7.12, preserve and maintain in full force and effect its legal existence under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization; and (b) take all reasonable action to maintain all material rights, privileges, permits, licenses and franchises necessary or desirable in the normal conduct of its business, except to the extent that failure to do so would not have a Material Adverse Effect. 6.06 Maintenance of Properties. Maintain, or with respect to property subject to Leases, require the Lessees to maintain, in good working order and condition consistent with industry practices and standards (taking into consideration ordinary wear and tear), all of its property and not permit any waste thereof, and, in the ordinary course of business, make all needful and proper repairs, replacements, additions and improvements thereto as are necessary for the conduct of its business, except that the failure to maintain, preserve and protect a particular item of property shall not constitute a violation of this covenant if such failure shall not cause a Material Adverse Effect or if such item is at the end of its useful life or otherwise is not of significant value, either intrinsically or to the operations of the Borrower. 6.07 Maintenance of Insurance. (a) Maintenance of Insurance. Maintain, or cause Lessee(s) to maintain, as applicable with financially sound and reputable insurance companies not Affiliates of the Borrower, liability, casualty and other insurance (subject to customary deductibles and retentions) with respect to its properties and business against loss or damage of the kinds customarily insured against by Persons engaged in the same or similar business, of such types and in such amounts as are customarily carried under similar circumstances by such other Persons. Subject to Section 6.07(d), all such insurance shall (i) provide for not less than thirty (30) days’ prior notice to the Administrative


 
111 #4869-8209-4807v13 Agent of termination, lapse or cancellation of such insurance, (ii) name the Administrative Agent as mortgagee (in the case of property insurance) or additional insured on behalf of the Secured Parties (in the case of liability insurance, all risk ground insurance and flight engine coverage for Engines, and war risk insurance (if applicable)) or loss payee (in the case of property insurance and hull insurance), as applicable and (iii) be reasonably satisfactory in all other respects to the Administrative Agent. Upon the occurrence and continuation of a Default or Event of Default, the Borrower hereby directs all present and future insurers under its and its Restricted Subsidiaries’ “All Risk” policies of insurance to pay all proceeds payable thereunder directly to the Administrative Agent for the ratable benefit of Lenders. The Administrative Agent reserves the right at any time, upon review of the Borrower’s risk profile, to require additional forms and limits of insurance to adequately protect the Lenders’ interests in accordance with the Administrative Agent’s normal practices for similarly situated the borrowers, and if the circumstances are unusual, in the Administrative Agent’s sole opinion. (b) Flood Insurance. With respect to any Specified Real Property in respect of which the conditions set forth in Section 4.03(e)(ii) have been satisfied: (i) If any portion of such Specified Real Property is at any time located in an area identified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (or any successor agency) as a special flood hazard area with respect to which flood insurance has been made available under the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (as now or hereafter in effect or successor act thereto), then the Borrower shall, or shall cause each Loan Party or Lessee to (i) maintain, or cause to be maintained, with a financially sound and reputable insurer, flood insurance in an amount and otherwise sufficient to comply with all applicable rules and regulations promulgated pursuant to the Flood Insurance Laws and deliver to the Administrative Agent evidence of such compliance in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent. (ii) The Borrower shall promptly notify the Administrative Agent if such Specified Real Property is, or becomes, a Flood Hazard Property. (c) Evidence of Insurance. Annually, upon expiration of current insurance coverage, the Loan Parties shall provide, or cause to be provided, to the Administrative Agent, such evidence of insurance. (d) Post-Closing Insurance Covenant. On, or promptly following, and in any event within five (5) Business Days of, (i) the Closing Date or (ii) the date which an Engine or item of Equipment is included in the Borrowing Base, each Loan Party that is an Engine Owner or Equipment Owner that is subject to an Eligible Lease will deliver notice to the Lessee thereunder (or in the case of an Engine or item of Equipment subject to a Head Lease, the Borrower shall cause the Leasing Subsidiary to deliver notice to the sublessee under the applicable sublease) notifying the Lessee that the Agent shall be the “Lessor’s Lender” (or any similar concept in the applicable Lease) and providing the Agent’s notice information and requesting that the Lessee (or sublessee as applicable) provide updated insurance certificates and endorsements that comply with the requirements of this Section 6.07 as soon as reasonably practicable and in any event prior to the next annual renewal of the applicable insurance policies and the Borrower shall (or shall cause the Leasing Subsidiary to) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such updated certificates and endorsements from the lessee as soon as reasonably practicable and in any event prior to the next annual renewal of the applicable insurance policies. 112 #4869-8209-4807v13 6.08 Compliance with Laws. Comply with the requirements of all Applicable Laws, including all Environmental Laws, and all orders, writs, injunctions and decrees applicable to it or to its business or property, except in such instances in which (a) such requirement of Law or order, writ, injunction or decree is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted; or (b) the failure to comply therewith could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 6.09 Books and Records. Maintain proper books of record and account, in which full, true and correct entries in conformity with GAAP, in all material respects, consistently applied shall be made of all financial transactions and matters involving the assets and business of such Loan Party or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be; 6.10 Inspection Rights. Permit representatives and independent contractors of the Administrative Agent and each Lender to visit and inspect any of its properties, to examine its corporate, financial and operating records, and make copies thereof or abstracts therefrom, review Placard affixation to Eligible Equipment of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries and to discuss its affairs, finances and accounts with its directors, officers, and independent public accountants, all at the expense of the Borrower with reasonable prior notice to the Borrower and at such reasonable times during normal business hours (but not so as to materially interfere with the business of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries) up to two times per year if no Event of Default has occurred and is then continuing; provided, however, that when an Event of Default exists and is continuing the Administrative Agent or any Lender (or any of their respective representatives or independent contractors) may do any of the foregoing at any time during normal business hours and without advance notice. The Borrower shall reimburse the Administrative Agent for up to $25,000.00 of inspection-related expenses per year or, so long as an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, for all inspection-related expenses incurred while such Event of Default is continuing. 6.11 Use of Proceeds. Use the proceeds of the Credit Extensions for lawful general corporate purposes, including financing aircraft engines owned and held for lease and the purchase of Parts. 6.12 Appraisals. Once per each fiscal year, (a) the Borrower shall permit the Administrative Agent to retain an Appraiser (at the Borrower’s expense) to conduct an Appraisal with respect to all Eligible Engines, Eligible Equipment (other than Eligible Parts but, for clarity, including Eligible Corporate Aircraft), Eligible Saleable Assets (other than Parts constituting Eligible Saleable Assets) and Eligible Specified Assets included in the Borrowing Base and (b) if requested by the Administrative Agent, the Borrower shall permit the Administrative Agent to retain an Appraiser (at the Borrower’s expense) to conduct an Appraisal with respect to all Parts included in the Borrowing Base. 6.13 Joinder of Loan Parties (a) The Loan Parties will cause each Subsidiary that (i) is not an Immaterial Subsidiary, (ii) is not an Excluded Subsidiary or (iii) notwithstanding clause (i), (A) owns or acquires a Specified Asset that the Borrower has added or intends to add to the Borrowing Base or 113 #4869-8209-4807v13 (B) is a Free Flow Cash Subsidiary (unless the equity of such Free Flow Cash Subsidiary is Pledged Equity or subject to an Acceptable Lien), whether newly formed, after acquired or otherwise existing to promptly (and in any event within ten (10) Business Days after such Subsidiary is formed or acquired or designated by the Borrower as a Loan Party (or such longer period of time as agreed to by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion)) to become a Guarantor hereunder by way of execution of a Joinder Agreement. (b) In connection with the foregoing subsection (a), the Loan Parties shall deliver to the Administrative Agent, with respect to each Guarantor added after the Closing Date to the extent applicable, substantially the same documentation required pursuant to Sections 4.01(b), (d), (g), (j) and (s) and such other documents or agreements as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, including information necessary to update Schedules 5.19(a), 5.19(b), 5.20(b), and 5.29, as applicable with respect to such Guarantor. (c) If any such report provided by the Borrower pursuant to Section 6.03(d) evidences that (x) the value of the total assets of any Restricted Subsidiary, together with the consolidated total assets of each other Immaterial Subsidiary as of the relevant date of determination, do not exceed 15% of the consolidated total assets of the Borrower (excluding the Excluded Subsidiaries from such calculation) and such Restricted Subsidiary does not directly own any assets included in the Borrowing Base, such Restricted Subsidiary may be designated by the Borrower by written notice to the Collateral Agent as an Immaterial Subsidiary and shall not be required to comply with Section 6.13(a), (y) the value of the total assets of any Restricted Subsidiary, together with the consolidated total assets of each other Immaterial Subsidiaries as of the relevant date of determination, does exceed 15% of the consolidated total assets of the Borrower (excluding the Excluded Subsidiaries from such calculation), the Borrower shall promptly, and in any event, within three (3) Business Days after the delivery of such report, designate by written notice to the Collateral Agent which Restricted Subsidiary shall no longer be an Immaterial Subsidiary and shall cause such Restricted Subsidiary to comply with Section 6.13(a), or (z) the consolidated total assets of all Immaterial Subsidiaries does not exceed 15% of the consolidated total assets of the Borrower (excluding the Excluded Subsidiaries from such calculation), upon written request by the Borrower to the Collateral Agent and the execution of release documentation that is reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent, each applicable Loan Party, so long as each such Loan Party does not directly own any assets included in the Borrowing Base, that the Borrower designates shall be released from its obligations under Section 6.13(a) and shall be designated as an Immaterial Subsidiary. 6.14 Anti-Corruption Laws; Sanctions. Conduct its business in compliance in all material respects with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the UK Bribery Act 2010 and other applicable anti-corruption legislation in other jurisdictions and with all Sanctions, and maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and achieve and achieve compliance with such laws and Sanctions. 6.15 Further Assurances. Promptly upon request by the Administrative Agent, or any Lender through the Administrative Agent, (a) correct any material defect or error that may be discovered in any Loan Document or in the execution, acknowledgment, filing or recordation thereof, and (b) do, execute, acknowledge, deliver, record, re-record, file, re-file, register and re-register any and all such further acts, deeds, certificates, assurances and other instruments (including promptly completing any registration or stamping of documents as may be applicable) as the Administrative Agent, or any Lender through the Administrative 114 #4869-8209-4807v13 Agent, may reasonably require from time to time in order to (i) carry out more effectively the purposes of the Loan Documents, (ii) to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, subject any Loan Party’s or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries’ properties, assets, rights or interests required to be pledged pursuant to the Collateral Documents to the Liens now or hereafter intended to be covered by any of the Collateral Documents, (iii) perfect and maintain the validity, effectiveness and priority of any of the Collateral Documents and any of the Liens intended to be created thereunder and (iv) assure, convey, grant, assign, transfer, preserve, protect and confirm more effectively unto the Secured Parties the rights granted or now or hereafter intended to be granted to the Secured Parties under any Loan Document or under any other instrument executed in connection with any Loan Document to which any Loan Party or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries is or is to be a party, and cause each of its Restricted Subsidiaries to do so. 6.16 Maintenance of WEST, the Administrative Agent Agreements and the WEST Servicing Agreements. Maintain substantially consistent with past practices and not terminate the Borrower’s interest and/or role under any WEST Administrative Agency Agreement and the Borrower’s management fee arrangement under any WEST Servicing Agreement and promptly notify the Administrative Agent of any deviation from such practices. 6.17 Maintenance of Current Depreciation Policies. Maintain its method of depreciating its assets substantially consistent with past practices as set forth in Schedule 5.27 and promptly notify the Administrative Agent of any deviation from such practices. 6.18 Addition of Collateral; Certain Collateral Matters. (a) Any Subsidiary of the Borrower that owns or acquires any engine or equipment may become an Engine Owner or an Equipment Owner upon the delivery of: (i) notice to the Administrative Agent of such Subsidiary’s intention to include such engine or equipment in the Borrowing Base, subject to the satisfaction of the requirements set forth under Section 4.03, (ii) if such Subsidiary is not a Guarantor, the documents required by Sections 6.13(a) and (b), (iii) an executed Mortgage and Security Agreement and such other Collateral Documents as may be reasonably requested by the Collateral Agent in order to grant in favor of the Collateral Agent a Lien on such engine or equipment, which Lien shall be a fully-perfected first priority Lien which is not subject to any other Lien other than Permitted Liens, (iv) with respect to any Foreign Subsidiary that acquires or owns any Engine or piece of Equipment that is to be included in the Borrowing Base, (x) if such Foreign Subsidiary is organized under the laws of Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, France, Ireland or the United Kingdom, a Local Law Stock Pledge Agreement; provided that, pursuant to a request by the Borrower submitted on each occasion that any Engine or piece of Equipment acquired or owned by such Foreign Subsidiary is proposed to be included in the Borrowing Base, the Collateral Agent, in its absolute discretion, may waive the requirement for the relevant Foreign Subsidiary to obtain a Local Law Stock Pledge Agreement in any of the foregoing jurisdictions listed in this Section 6.18(a)(iv)(x) or (y) if such Foreign Subsidiary is organized under the laws of a non-U.S. jurisdiction other than any such jurisdictions listed in Section 6.18(a)(iv)(x), to the extent required by the Collateral Agent in its reasonable judgment, a Local Law Stock Pledge Agreement and (v) such other documentation as the Administrative Agent may reasonably require. (b) Affix and maintain or use its best efforts to cause each Lessee under a Lease to affix to and maintain on all Eligible Engine(s) or item(s) of Eligible Equipment (other than Eligible


 
115 #4869-8209-4807v13 Parts) a placard bearing an inscription substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit M or such other inscription as the Administrative Agent from time to time may reasonably request (a “Placard”). The Borrower shall, upon request, provide to the Administrative Agent a list of all Eligible Engines or items of Eligible Equipment (other than Eligible Parts) subject to a Lease indicating, to the best knowledge of the Borrower, which Engines have Placards affixed and on which no such Placard is affixed. (c) the Borrower shall cause any Subsidiary that owns or acquires a Specified Asset that the Borrower intends to add to the Borrowing Base to execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent a Joinder Agreement pursuant to Section 6.13, and the relevant Collateral Documents with respect to such Specified Asset and deliver to the Administrative Agent the other items specified in the definition of “Eligible Specified Asset” and Section 4.03 with respect to such Specified Asset. 6.19 International Registry. Cause, or shall cause any other party, as applicable, at the Borrower’s expense, to (i) register with the FAA and/or International Registry, and thereafter maintain, the Lien, International Interest and assignment of International Interest of each of the Mortgage and Security Agreement and each Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement and the International Interest of each Cape Town Eligible Lease; and (ii) maintain the rights and International Interests and assignment of International Interest of the Engine Owner, Equipment Owner and the Administrative Agent in each Registerable Asset, as against any third parties under the Applicable Laws of any jurisdiction within the United States and as against any third parties in any Contracting State under the Cape Town Convention. The Borrower agrees to furnish the Collateral Agent with copies of all documents relating to the foregoing and with recording and registration data as promptly as practicable following the issuance of the same by the FAA and the International Registry. ARTICLE VII NEGATIVE COVENANTS Each of the Loan Parties hereby covenants and agrees that on the Closing Date and thereafter until the Facility Termination Date, no Loan Party shall, nor shall it permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly: 7.01 Liens. Create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its property, or any Collateral, whether now owned or hereafter acquired or engage in any Sale and Leaseback Transaction of its property or any Collateral, except for the following: (a) Liens under the Loan Documents; (b) Permitted Liens; (c) Liens on property acquired by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries that were in existence at the time of the acquisition of such property and were not created in contemplation of such acquisition; (d) Liens securing (i) purchase money Indebtedness permitted by Section 7.02 and (ii) Indebtedness that directly or indirectly refinances purchase money Indebtedness referred to in the preceding clause (i) and that is otherwise permitted by Section 7.02, solely to the extent such Liens 116 #4869-8209-4807v13 are on and limited to the capital assets acquired, constructed or financed with the proceeds of the Indebtedness referred to in clause (i); (e) Sale and Leaseback Transactions with respect to assets not included in the Borrowing Base; and (f) Liens or other contractual covenants binding on the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries that prohibit Liens on the stock of any Excluded Subsidiary granted by the Borrower in favor of a lender in connection with any financing thereof, in each case where such financing otherwise complies with the requirements of this Agreement. 7.02 Indebtedness. Create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Indebtedness, except: (a) the Secured Obligations; (b) Indebtedness outstanding on the Closing Date and listed on Schedule 7.02 and any refinancings, refundings, renewals or extensions thereof; provided that the amount of such Indebtedness is not increased at the time of such refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension except by an amount equal to a reasonable premium or other reasonable amount paid, and fees and expenses reasonably incurred, in connection with such refinancing and by an amount equal to any existing commitments unutilized thereunder and the direct or any contingent obligor with respect thereto is not changed, as a result of or in connection with such refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension; (c) Indebtedness in respect of Capitalized Leases; provided, however, that the aggregate amount of all such Indebtedness at any one time outstanding shall not exceed $5,000,000; (d) In addition to Indebtedness permitted in Section 7.02(j) below, intercompany Indebtedness owed by any Subsidiary to the Borrower or to any other Subsidiary; provided that such Indebtedness shall not have been transferred to any Person other than the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries; (e) Indebtedness related to existing and future (i) ABS Financings including, but not limited, to WEST, (ii) the Willis Warehouse Financing and (iii) Non-Recourse Debt including Non- Recourse Debt incurred by (x) any Special Purpose Financing Vehicle or (y) any Loan Party or a Restricted Subsidiary thereof in the nature of a Guarantee of, or a pledge of Equity Interests of, any such Special Purpose Financing Vehicle that is expressly made non-recourse to such Loan Party or Restricted Subsidiary thereof (other than for breach of standard representations and warranties or misapplication of funds or other customary recourse carve-outs for a non- or limited-recourse transaction); (f) Subordinated Obligations in such amount as may be approved in writing by the Administrative Agent and the Lenders; (g) Guaranteed Indebtedness in support of the obligations of Willis Lease (China) Limited under the Willis Lease (China) Limited Financing Facility; (h) Indebtedness pursuant to Swap Contracts, solely to the extent entered into in the ordinary course of business for the purpose of mitigating risks associated with liabilities, 117 #4869-8209-4807v13 commitments, investments, assets or property and not for the purpose of speculation or taking a market risk; (i) Guarantees of the Borrower or any Subsidiary in respect of Indebtedness otherwise permitted hereunder of the Borrower or any other Subsidiary (so long as the primary obligations of any such Subsidiary, if applicable, are not prohibited by this Agreement) (A) for Guarantees that are effective as of the Closing Date, in any amount and (B) for Guarantees that become effective after the Closing Date, in an aggregate amount that shall not exceed $10,000,000 at any one time outstanding; and (j) In addition to the foregoing, Permitted Indebtedness. 7.03 Investments. Make or hold any Investments, except: (a) Investments in existence on the Closing Date and disclosed on Schedule 7.03; (b) Investments in a Person that is the subject of a merger or acquisition so long as such merger or acquisition is not prohibited by the terms of this Agreement; (c) Investments held by the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents; (d) Investments in officers, directors and employees of the Borrower and Subsidiaries for travel, entertainment, relocation, anticipated bonus and analogous ordinary business purposes; (e) Investments (i) by a Restricted Subsidiary in Borrower or (ii) by Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary in another Restricted Subsidiary; (f) Investments consisting of the extension of credit to customers or suppliers of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business and any Investments received in satisfaction or partial satisfaction thereof; (g) Investments received in connection with the settlement of a bona fide dispute with another Person; (h) Swap Contracts permitted under this Agreement; (i) Investments consisting of PDP Loans and Loan Products included in the Borrowing Base; (j) Investments in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75,000,000 at any one time outstanding (i) consisting of PDP Loans, Eligible PDP Loans, Loan Products or Eligible Loan Products that are not included in the Borrowing Base and (ii) that would otherwise constitute a PDP Loan, Eligible PDP Loan, Loan Product or Eligible Loan Product but for the fact that the (A) Underlying Asset is not an Engine and may instead also be an Airframe or aircraft; provided that if it is an Airframe or aircraft, such Airframe or aircraft shall be in an Acceptable Airframe Class, (B) the Person making the applicable loan to the Obligor is not a Loan Party and may instead also be any Restricted Subsidiary thereof, or (C) the circumstances described in both (A) and (B) have occurred; 118 #4869-8209-4807v13 (k) Guarantees permitted by Section 7.02; (l) Investments that constitute Permitted Liens or are made in connection therewith; (m) Investments made in connection with a Permitted Change of Control; and (n) other Investments not exceeding $150,000,000 in the aggregate at any one time outstanding. 7.04 Mergers. Merge or consolidate with or into any Person, except (a) mergers and consolidations of a Subsidiary of the Borrower into the Borrower or a Subsidiary or of Subsidiaries with each other; (b) mergers and consolidations in connection with any Permitted Change of Control; and (c) a merger or consolidation of a Person into the Borrower or with or into a Subsidiary of the Borrower that is not prohibited by Section 7.10; provided that with respect to clause (c), (i) the Borrower or such Subsidiary is the surviving entity, (ii) no Change of Control results therefrom, (iii) no Default or Event of Default then exists or would result therefrom, (iv) the Borrower executes such amendments to the Loan Documents as the Administrative Agent may reasonably determine are appropriate as a result of such merger, (v) the aggregate consideration paid or to be paid (whether cash, notes, stock, or assumption of debt or otherwise) by the Borrower and/or its Subsidiaries in any one such merger or consolidation does not exceed (1) $100,000,000 individually, and (2) such aggregate consideration with respect to all such mergers or consolidations shall not exceed $200,000,000 in any fiscal year for the Borrower and (vi) the Leverage Ratio after giving effect to any such merger or consolidation (calculated on a Pro Forma Basis as of the last day of the most recent fiscal quarter for which Financial Statements have been delivered pursuant to Sections 6.01(a)) is equal to or less than 3.50 to 1.00. 7.05 Restricted Payments. Declare or make, directly or indirectly, any Restricted Payment, or incur any obligation (contingent or otherwise) to do so except: (a) the Loan Parties may declare and make Restricted Payments in an aggregate amount that does not exceed (A) $8,000,000 plus (B) 100% of cumulative Net Income calculated beginning with fiscal quarter in which the Closing Date occurs and each fiscal quarter thereafter, less any other Restricted Payments made in reliance on this Section 7.05(a); provided that no Default or Event of Default Exists or would result therefrom; (b) the Loan Parties may declare and make other Restricted Payments, provided that, (i) no Default or Event of Default exists or would result therefrom and (ii) after giving effect to any such Restricted Payment on a Pro Forma Basis, the Leverage Ratio is not greater than 3.50 to 1.00; (c) any Restricted Subsidiary may make Restricted Payments to Borrower or another Restricted Subsidiary; (d) the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary may make Restricted Payments in connection with any Permitted Change of Control; (e) the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary may declare and make dividend payments or other distributions payable solely in common Equity Interests of such Person; and


 
119 #4869-8209-4807v13 (f) the Borrower may declare or make dividends or other distributions to holders of the Permitted Preferred Stock in accordance with the terms thereof; provided that no Default or Event of Default exists or would result therefrom. 7.06 Change in Nature of Business. Engage in any material line of business substantially different from those lines of business conducted by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on the Closing Date or any business substantially related or incidental thereto. 7.07 No Adverse Selection. Allow any adverse selection procedures to be used by any Loan Party between the Facility and any other credit facility to which any Loan Party is a party (including the WEST Funding Facilities and the Willis Warehouse Financing) in selecting any Engine or item of Equipment for inclusion in the Borrowing Base. 7.08 Transactions with Affiliates. Enter into or permit to exist any transaction or series of transactions with any officer, director or Affiliate of such Person other than (a) advances to employees in the ordinary course of business not to exceed $100,000 in the aggregate outstanding at any time, (b) trade credit advanced in the ordinary course of business, (c) transactions between or among the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, and (d) other transactions on overall terms at least as favorable to the Borrower or its Subsidiaries as would be the case in an arm’s length transaction between unrelated parties of equal bargaining power. 7.09 Specified Real Property Double Negative Pledge Covenant. To the extent that the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary (a) is as of the Closing Date or (b) becomes at a later date, a Specified Asset Owner of any Specified Real Property included in the Borrowing Base (i) pledge, or permit to exist any Lien on, such Specified Real Property, except (A) Liens securing the Obligations, (B) the Permitted Liens identified in clauses (a), (c), (e) and (s) of the definition of “Permitted Liens,” (C) subject to prong (V) in the last proviso of the definition of “Borrowing Base”, the Permitted Liens identified in clause (q) of the definition of “Permitted Liens”, (D) the Permitted Liens identified in clause (d) of the definition of “Permitted Liens”, (E) subject, in each case, to (1) the value secured by the Lien comprising no more than five percent (5%) of the Net Book Value of the Specified Real Property included in the Borrowing Base, (2) such Lien being fully bonded and (3) the related proceeding or judgment being subject to appeal, the Permitted Liens identified in clauses (g) and (k) of the definition of “Permitted Liens” unless such Permitted Lien shall not have been unconditionally released within sixty (60) days after the date such Lien arose, was issued or levied (as may be extended with the prior written approval of the Administrative Agent in the exercise of its sole discretion) and (F) Liens approved by Administrative Agent in its absolute discretion; and (ii) enter into or permit to exist any agreement with any Person, other than in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document, which prohibits or limits the ability of such Specified Asset Owner of such Specified Real Property to create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien upon or with respect to the relevant Specified Real Property. 7.10 Use of Proceeds. Use the proceeds of any Credit Extension, whether directly or indirectly, and whether immediately, incidentally or ultimately, (a) to purchase or carry margin stock (within the meaning of Regulation U) or to extend credit to others for the purpose of purchasing or carrying margin stock or to refund indebtedness 120 #4869-8209-4807v13 originally incurred for such purpose or (b) in connection with the Acquisition of a public corporation if such Acquisition is opposed by the board of directors of such corporation or business entity. 7.11 Financial Covenants. (a) Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio as of the end of any Measurement Period ending as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Borrower to be less than 2.25 to 1.00. (b) Maximum Leverage Ratio. Permit the Leverage Ratio as of the end of any Measurement Period ending as of the end of each fiscal quarter of the Borrower set forth below (the “Maximum Leverage Ratio”) to be greater than the ratio set forth below opposite such period: Measurement Period Ending Maximum Leverage Ratio Closing Date through June 30, 2025 4.25 to 1.00 July 1, 2025 and each fiscal quarter thereafter 4.00 to 1.00 7.12 Amendments of Organization Documents. Amend or modify (a) any of its Organizational Documents in such a way that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; (b) amend its fiscal year; (c) amend its name, state of formation, form of organization or chief executive office without providing prompt written notice to the Administrative Agent and taking all actions deemed necessary or appropriate by the Administrative Agent to protect and perfect the Collateral Agent’s Liens continuously upon the Collateral; or (d) its accounting policies or reporting practices, excepts as required by GAAP. 7.13 Sale and Leaseback Transactions. Enter into any Sale and Leaseback Transaction except as contemplated in Section 7.01(e). 7.14 Preferred Stock. Have issued and or have any outstanding preferred Stock of the Borrower other than Permitted Preferred Stock. 7.15 Payment of Subordinated Obligations. Pay any (a) principal (including sinking fund payments) or any other amount (other than scheduled interest payments) with respect to any Subordinated Obligation, or purchase or redeem (or offer to purchase or redeem) any Subordinated Obligation, or deposit any monies, securities or other property with any trustee or other Person to provide assurance that the principal or any portion thereof of any Subordinated Obligation will be paid when due or otherwise to provide for the defeasance of any Subordinated Obligation or (b) scheduled interest on any Subordinated Obligation unless the payment thereof is then permitted pursuant to the terms of the indenture or other agreement governing such Subordinated Obligation; provided that the Borrower and its Subsidiaries shall be permitted to pay regularly scheduled payments of principal and interest on Subordinated Obligations so long as no Event of Default is then continuing. 121 #4869-8209-4807v13 7.16 Cancellation or Amendment, Etc. of Indebtedness. Cancel or modify any Indebtedness owing to it, except for reasonable consideration in the ordinary course of its business or to the extent that it would not have a Material Adverse Effect on the Borrower’s financial condition. 7.17 Sanctions. Directly or indirectly, use any Credit Extension or the proceeds of any Credit Extension, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such Credit Extension or the proceeds of any Credit Extension to any Person, to fund any activities of or business with any Person, that, at the time of such funding, is the subject of Sanctions, or in any other manner that, in each case, will result in a violation by any Person (including any Person participating in the transaction, whether as Lender, Arranger, the Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer, Swingline Lender, or otherwise) of Sanctions. 7.18 Anti-Corruption Laws. Directly or indirectly, use any Credit Extension or the proceeds of any Credit Extension for any purpose which would breach the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the UK Bribery Act 2010 and other anti-corruption legislation in other jurisdictions. 7.19 No Liens on WEST Subsidiaries. Not (i) cause or create Liens on the Borrower’s interest in the WEST Subsidiaries or the WEST Administrative Agency Agreement and/or management fee arrangement with WEST under the WEST Servicing Agreement (including any rights to payment thereunder) or (ii) permit any Lien on the Borrower’s interest in the WEST Subsidiaries or the WEST Administrative Agency Agreement and/or management fee arrangement with WEST under the WEST Servicing Agreement, other than Liens currently existing under the relevant WEST Funding Facility provided such Liens shall not adversely affect the Borrower’s interest therein. 7.20 Subordination of Fees. Agree to subordinate, on terms satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, any fees paid to any Subsidiaries or Affiliates of the Borrower pursuant to ongoing contractual arrangements for services provided to the Borrower, including licensing, management and marketing fees. 7.21 Maintenance of the Borrowing Base. Subject to the Borrower’s right to cure set forth in Section 2.05, not sell, transfer or dispose of any Collateral which is included in the Borrowing Base if a Borrowing Base Deficiency would occur as a result of the consummation of the sale, transfer or disposition of such Collateral. ARTICLE VIII EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES 8.01 Events of Default. Any of the following shall constitute an event of default (each, an “Event of Default”): (a) Non-Payment. The Borrower or any other Loan Party fails to pay (i) when and as required to be paid herein, any amount of principal of any Loan or any L/C Obligation or deposit any funds as Cash Collateral in respect of L/C Obligations, or (ii) within three (3) days after the 122 #4869-8209-4807v13 same becomes due, any interest on any Loan or on any L/C Obligation, any fee due hereunder or any other amount payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document; or (b) Specific Covenants. Any Loan Party fails to perform or observe any term, covenant or agreement contained in any of Section 6.01, 6.02, 6.03, 6.05, 6.07, 6.11, Article VII or Article X; or (c) Other Defaults. Any Loan Party fails to perform or observe any other covenant or agreement (not specified in Section 8.01(a) or (b) above) contained in any Loan Document on its part to be performed or observed and such failure continues for thirty (30) days; or (d) Representations and Warranties. Any representation, warranty, certification or statement of fact made or deemed made by or on behalf of the Borrower or any other Loan Party herein, in any other Loan Document, or in any document delivered in connection herewith or therewith shall be incorrect or misleading in any material respect when made or deemed made; or (e) Cross-Default. (i) Any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof (other than a Subsidiary (x) described in clause (i) or (ii) of the definition of “Excluded Subsidiary” or (y) a Subsidiary that is formed solely for the purpose of owning the equity of another Excluded Subsidiary described in clause (i) or (ii) of the definition of “Excluded Subsidiary”) fails to make any payment when due (whether by scheduled maturity, required prepayment, acceleration, demand, or otherwise) in respect of any Indebtedness or Guarantee (other than Indebtedness hereunder and Indebtedness under Swap Contracts) having an aggregate principal amount (including undrawn committed or available amounts and including amounts owing to all creditors under any combined or syndicated credit arrangement) of more than the Threshold Amount, or fails to observe or perform any other agreement or condition relating to any such Indebtedness or Guarantee or contained in any instrument or agreement evidencing, securing or relating thereto, or any other event occurs, the effect of which default or other event is to cause, or to permit the holder or holders of such Indebtedness or the beneficiary or beneficiaries of such Guarantee (or a trustee or agent on behalf of such holder or holders or beneficiary or beneficiaries) to cause, with the giving of notice if required, such Indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount of more than the Threshold Amount to be demanded or to become due or to be repurchased, prepaid, defeased or redeemed (automatically or otherwise), or an offer to repurchase, prepay, defease or redeem such Indebtedness to be made, prior to its stated maturity, or such Guarantee to become payable or Cash Collateral in respect thereof to be demanded; or (ii) there occurs under any Swap Contract an Early Termination Date (as defined in such Swap Contract) resulting from (A) any event of default under such Swap Contract as to which a Loan Party is the Defaulting Party (as defined in such Swap Contract) or (B) any Termination Event (as so defined) under such Swap Contract as to which a Loan Party is an Affected Party (as so defined) and, in either event, the Swap Termination Value owed by such Loan Party as a result thereof is greater than the Threshold Amount; or (f) Insolvency Proceedings, Etc. Any Loan Party institutes or consents to the institution of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law, or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors; or applies for or consents to the appointment of any receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator or similar officer for it or for all or any material part of its property; or any receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator or similar officer is appointed without the application or consent of such Person; or any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law relating to any such Person or to all or any material part of its property is instituted without the consent of such Person and continues undismissed or unstayed for sixty (60) calendar days, or an order for relief is entered in any such proceeding; or


 
123 #4869-8209-4807v13 (g) Inability to Pay Debts; Attachment. (i) Any Loan Party becomes unable or admits in writing its inability or fails generally to pay its debts as they become due, or (ii) any writ or warrant of attachment or execution or similar process is issued or levied against all or any part of the property of any such Person(s) having a value of more than the Threshold Amount and is not released, vacated or fully bonded within sixty (60) days after its issue or levy; or (h) Judgments. There is entered against any Loan Party one or more final judgments or orders for the payment of money in an aggregate amount (as to all such judgments and orders) exceeding the Threshold Amount unless (i) covered by independent third-party insurance as to which the insurer is rated at least “A” by A.M. Best Company and such insurer has been notified of the potential claim and does not dispute coverage or (ii) vacated, stayed, bonded, paid or discharged within a period of thirty (30) days from the date of such judgment; or (i) ERISA. (i) An ERISA Event occurs with respect to a Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan which has resulted or could reasonably be expected to result in liability of any Loan Party to the Pension Plan, Multiemployer Plan or the PBGC in an aggregate amount which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or (ii) the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate fails to pay when due, after the expiration of any applicable grace period, any installment payment with respect to its withdrawal liability under Section 4201 of ERISA under a Multiemployer Plan in an aggregate amount which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; or (j) Default Under or Invalidity of Loan Documents. (i) Any Loan Party fails to perform or observe any covenant or agreement contained in any other Loan Document or any default or event of default occurs under any other Loan Document; or (ii) any provision of any Loan Document, at any time after its execution and delivery and for any reason other than as expressly permitted hereunder or thereunder or satisfaction in full of all Obligations arising under the Loan Documents, ceases to be in full force and effect; or any Loan Party or any other Person contests in any manner the validity or enforceability of any provision of any Loan Document; or any Loan Party denies that it has any or further liability or obligation under any provision of any Loan Document, or purports to revoke, terminate or rescind any provision of any Loan Document; or it is or becomes unlawful for a Loan Party to perform any of its obligations under the Loan Documents; or (k) Collateral Documents. Any Collateral Document after delivery thereof pursuant to the terms of the Loan Documents shall for any reason cease to create a valid and perfected first- priority Lien (or a lesser priority if expressly permitted pursuant to the Loan Documents) (subject to Permitted Liens) on the Collateral purported to be covered thereby, or any Loan Party shall assert the invalidity of such Liens, except to the extent that (i) any such loss of perfection or priority results from the failure to file UCC financing statements or continuation statements or other applicable filings with respect to Registerable Assets or Specified Assets that, in either case, would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, and (ii) such, the Borrower takes such action as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request to remedy such loss of perfection or priority and such loss of perfection or priority is in fact remedied within thirty (30) days (or such longer time as the Administrative Agent may agree in writing in its absolute discretion); (l) Change of Control. Any Change of Control (other than a Permitted Change of Control) occurs; 124 #4869-8209-4807v13 (m) Material Business. Any Loan Party is enjoined, restrained, or in any way prevented by the order of any court or other Governmental Authority, the effect of which order restricts such Person from conducting all or any material part of its business; (n) Loan Party Dissolution. Any Loan Party voluntarily or involuntarily dissolves or is dissolved, terminates or is terminated, provided that (i) the Borrower may terminate any Owner Trust in connection with a sale or consignment of the Collateral owned by such Owner Trust and (ii) (a) (x) the Borrower may, with the prior approval of the Administrative Agent, dissolve, terminate or otherwise liquidate any Loan Party so long as the aggregate total assets of the Loan Party dissolved, terminated or liquidated immediately prior to such event does not represent more than five percent (5%) of the consolidated total assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries or (y) such Loan Party liquidates into another Restricted Subsidiary and (b) with respect to any such Restricted Subsidiary that has or is required to execute a Joinder Agreement pursuant to Section 6.13, following the dissolution, termination or liquidation of such Person, substantially all of the assets of such Person are transferred to the Borrower or another Person (that, in the case of the event described in the foregoing clause (y), is the resulting Subsidiary) that then guaranties the Obligations of this Agreement pursuant to a Joinder Agreement; (o) WEST Funding Facility and Future WEST ABS. The occurrence of any Event of Default or Servicer Termination (as such terms are defined in the WEST Funding Facility) under the Willis Warehouse Financing, WEST Funding Facility or the Future WEST ABS Financing Non-Recourse Indebtedness; Without limiting the provisions of Article IX, if a Default shall have occurred under the Loan Documents, then such Default will continue to exist until it either is cured (to the extent specifically permitted) in accordance with the Loan Documents or is otherwise expressly waived by the Administrative Agent (with the approval of requisite Appropriate Lenders (in their sole discretion)) as determined in accordance with Section 11.01; and once an Event of Default occurs under the Loan Documents, then such Event of Default will continue to exist until it is expressly waived by the requisite Appropriate Lenders or by the Administrative Agent with the approval of the requisite Appropriate Lenders, as required hereunder in Section 11.01. 8.02 Remedies upon Event of Default. If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Administrative Agent shall, at the request of, or may, with the consent of, the Required Lenders, take any or all of the following actions: (a) declare the Commitment of each Lender to make Loans and any obligation of each L/C Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions to be terminated, whereupon such commitments and obligation shall be terminated; (b) declare the unpaid principal amount of all outstanding Loans, all interest accrued and unpaid thereon, and all other amounts owing or payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document to be immediately due and payable, without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived by the Borrower; (c) require that the Borrower Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations (in an amount equal to the Minimum Collateral Amount with respect thereto); and 125 #4869-8209-4807v13 (d) exercise on behalf of itself, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers all rights and remedies available to it, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers under the Loan Documents or Applicable Law or equity; provided, however, that upon the occurrence of an event described in Section 8.01(f) with respect to the Borrower, the Commitment of each Lender to make Loans and any obligation of each L/C Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions shall automatically terminate, the unpaid principal amount of all outstanding Loans and all interest and other amounts as aforesaid shall automatically become due and payable, and the obligation of the Borrower to Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations as aforesaid shall automatically become effective, in each case without further act of the Administrative Agent or any Lender. 8.03 Application of Funds. (a) After the exercise of remedies provided for in Section 8.02 (or after the Loans have automatically become immediately due and payable and the L/C Obligations have automatically been required to be Cash Collateralized as set forth in the proviso to Section 8.02) or if at any time insufficient funds are received by and available to the Administrative Agent to pay fully all Secured Obligations then due hereunder, any amounts received on account of the Secured Obligations shall, subject to the provisions of Sections 2.14 and 2.15, be applied by the Administrative Agent in the following order: First, to payment of that portion of the Secured Obligations constituting fees, indemnities, expenses and other amounts (including fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the Administrative Agent and amounts payable under Article III) payable to the Administrative Agent in its capacity as such; Second, to payment of that portion of the Secured Obligations constituting fees, indemnities and other amounts (other than principal, interest and Letter of Credit Fees) payable to the Lenders and the L/C Issuers(including fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the respective Lenders and the L/C Issuers) arising under the Loan Documents and amounts payable under Article III, ratably among them in proportion to the respective amounts described in this Second clause payable to them; Third, to payment of that portion of the Secured Obligations constituting accrued and unpaid Letter of Credit Fees and interest on the Loans, L/C Borrowings and other Secured Obligations arising under the Loan Documents, ratably among the Lenders and the L/C Issuers in proportion to the respective amounts described in this Third clause payable to them; Fourth, to payment of that portion of the Secured Obligations constituting unpaid principal of the Loans, L/C Borrowings and Secured Obligations then owing under Secured Hedge Agreements and to the to the Administrative Agent for the account of the applicable L/C Issuer, to Cash Collateralize that portion of L/C Obligations comprised of the aggregate undrawn amount of Letters of Credit to the extent not otherwise Cash Collateralized by the Borrower pursuant to Sections 2.03 and 2.14, in each case ratably among the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the L/C Issuers, the Hedge Banks in proportion to the respective amounts described in this Fourth clause held by them; and Last, the balance, if any, after all of the Secured Obligations have been indefeasibly paid in full, to the Borrower or as otherwise required by Law. 126 #4869-8209-4807v13 (b) Subject to Sections 2.03(c) and 2.14, amounts used to Cash Collateralize the aggregate undrawn amount of Letters of Credit pursuant to the Fourth clause above shall be applied to satisfy drawings under such Letters of Credit as they occur. If any amount remains on deposit as Cash Collateral after all Letters of Credit have either been fully drawn or expired, such remaining amount shall be applied to the other Secured Obligations, if any, in the order set forth above. Excluded Swap Obligations with respect to any Guarantor shall not be paid with amounts received from such Guarantor or its assets, but appropriate adjustments shall be made with respect to payments from other Loan Parties to preserve the allocation to Secured Obligations otherwise set forth above in this Section 8.03. (c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, Secured Obligations arising under Secured Hedge Agreements shall be excluded from the application described above if the Administrative Agent has not received a Secured Party Designation Notice, together with such supporting documentation as the Administrative Agent may request, from the applicable Hedge Bank, as the case may be. Each Hedge Bank not a party to this Agreement that has given the notice contemplated by the preceding sentence shall, by such notice, be deemed to have acknowledged and accepted the appointment of the Administrative Agent pursuant to the terms of Article IX for itself and its Affiliates as if a “Lender” party hereto. ARTICLE IX THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT 9.01 Appointment and Authority. (a) Appointment. Each of the Lenders and the L/C Issuers hereby irrevocably appoints, designates and authorizes Bank of America to act on its behalf as the Administrative Agent hereunder and under the other Loan Documents and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such actions on its behalf and to exercise such powers as are delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms hereof or thereof, together with such actions and powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. The provisions of this Article IX are solely for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers, and neither the Borrower nor any other Loan Party shall have rights as a third party beneficiary of any of such provisions. It is understood and agreed that the use of the term “agent” herein or in any other Loan Documents (or any other similar term) with reference to the Administrative Agent is not intended to connote any fiduciary or other implied (or express) obligations arising under agency doctrine of any Applicable Law. Instead such term is used as a matter of market custom, and is intended to create or reflect only an administrative relationship between contracting parties. In addition, to the extent required under the laws of any jurisdiction other than the United States of America, each of the Lenders and Secured Parties hereby grants to the Administrative Agent any required powers of attorney to execute any Collateral Document or other Loan Document governed by the laws of such jurisdiction on such Lender’s or Secured Party’s behalf. (b) The Collateral Agent. The Administrative Agent shall also act as the “Collateral Agent” under the Loan Documents, and each of the Lenders (including in its capacities as a potential Hedge Bank) and the L/C Issuer hereby irrevocably appoints and authorizes the Administrative Agent to act as the agent of such Lender and the L/C Issuer for purposes of acquiring, holding and enforcing any and all Liens on Collateral granted by any of the Loan Parties to secure any of the Secured Obligations, together with such powers and discretion as are reasonably incidental thereto. In this connection, the Administrative Agent, as “Collateral Agent” and any co-agents, sub-agents and attorneys-in-fact appointed by the Administrative Agent


 
127 #4869-8209-4807v13 pursuant to Section 9.05 for purposes of holding or enforcing any Lien on the Collateral (or any portion thereof) granted under the Collateral Documents, or for exercising any rights and remedies thereunder at the direction of the Administrative Agent, shall be entitled to the benefits of all provisions of this Article IX and Article XI (including Section 11.04(c), as though such co-agents, sub-agents and attorneys-in-fact were the “Collateral Agent” under the Loan Documents) as if set forth in full herein with respect thereto. 9.02 Rights as a Lender. The Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder shall have the same rights and powers in its capacity as a Lender as any other Lender and may exercise the same as though it were not the Administrative Agent and the term “Lender” or “Lenders” shall, unless otherwise expressly indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, include the Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder in its individual capacity. Such Person and its Affiliates may accept deposits from, lend money to, own securities of, act as the financial advisor or in any other advisory capacity for and generally engage in any kind of banking, trust, financial, advisory, underwriting or other business with any Loan Party or any Subsidiary or other Affiliate thereof as if such Person were not the Administrative Agent hereunder and without any duty to account therefor to the Lenders or to provide notice to or consent of the Lenders with respect thereto. 9.03 Exculpatory Provisions. (a) The Administrative Agent or the Arranger, as applicable, shall not have any duties or obligations except those expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents, and its duties hereunder shall be administrative in nature. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrative Agent or the Arranger, as applicable, and its Related Parties: (i) shall not be subject to any fiduciary or other implied duties, regardless of whether a Default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) shall not have any duty to take any discretionary action or exercise any discretionary powers, except discretionary rights and powers expressly contemplated hereby or by the other Loan Documents that the Administrative Agent is required to exercise as directed in writing by the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be expressly provided for herein or in the other Loan Documents), provided that the Administrative Agent shall not be required to take any action that, in its opinion or the opinion of its counsel, may expose the Administrative Agent to liability or that is contrary to any Loan Document or Applicable Law, including for the avoidance of doubt any action that may be in violation of the automatic stay under any Debtor Relief Law or that may effect a forfeiture, modification or termination of property of a Defaulting Lender in violation of any Debtor Relief Law; and (iii) shall not have any duty or responsibility to disclose, and shall not be liable for the failure to disclose, to any Lender or any L/C Issuer any credit or other information concerning the business, prospects, operations, property, financial and other condition or creditworthiness of any of the Loan Parties or any of their Affiliates that is communicated to, or in the possession of, the Administrative Agent, Arranger or any of their Related Parties in any capacity, except for notices, reports and other documents expressly required to be furnished to the Lenders by the Administrative Agent herein. 128 #4869-8209-4807v13 (b) Neither the Administrative Agent nor any of its Related Parties shall be liable for any action taken or not taken by the Administrative Agent under or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby (i) with the consent or at the request of the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be necessary), or as the Administrative Agent shall believe in good faith shall be necessary, under the circumstances as provided in Sections 11.01 and 8.02) or (ii) in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and non-appealable judgment. The Administrative Agent shall be deemed not to have knowledge of any Default unless and until notice describing such Default is given in writing to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower, a Lender or an L/C Issuer. (c) Neither the Administrative Agent nor any of its Related Parties have any duty or obligation to any Lender or participant or any other Person to ascertain or inquire into (i) any statement, warranty or representation made in or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (ii) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered hereunder or thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith, (iii) the performance or observance of any of the covenants, agreements or other terms or conditions set forth herein or therein or the occurrence of any Default, (iv) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any other agreement, instrument or document, or the creation, perfection or priority of any Lien purported to be created by the Collateral Documents, (v) the value or the sufficiency of any Collateral, or (vi) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Article IV or elsewhere herein, other than to confirm receipt of items expressly required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent. 9.04 Reliance by the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely upon, and shall be fully protected in relying and shall not incur any liability for relying upon, any notice, request, certificate, communication, consent, statement, instrument, document or other writing (including any electronic message, Internet or intranet website posting or other distribution) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed, sent or otherwise authenticated by the proper Person. The Administrative Agent also may rely upon any statement made to it orally or by telephone and believed by it to have been made by the proper Person, and shall be fully protected in relying and shall not incur any liability for relying thereon. In determining compliance with any condition hereunder to the making of a Loan, or the issuance, extension, renewal or increase of a Letter of Credit, that by its terms must be fulfilled to the satisfaction of a Lender or an L/C Issuer, the Administrative Agent may presume that such condition is satisfactory to such Lender or such L/C Issuer unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice to the contrary from such Lender or such L/C Issuer prior to the making of such Loan or the issuance of such Letter of Credit. The Administrative Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be counsel for the Loan Parties), independent accountants and other experts selected by it, and shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it in accordance with the advice of any such counsel, accountants or experts. For purposes of determining compliance with the conditions specified in Section 4.01, each Lender that has signed this Agreement shall be deemed to have consented to, approved or accepted or to be satisfied with, each document or other matter required thereunder to be consented to or approved by or acceptable or satisfactory to a Lender unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from such Lender prior to the proposed Closing Date specifying its objections. 9.05 Delegation of Duties. The Administrative Agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers hereunder or under any other Loan Document by or through any one or more sub-agents appointed by the 129 #4869-8209-4807v13 Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent and any such sub-agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers by or through their respective Related Parties. The exculpatory provisions of this Article IX shall apply to any such sub-agent and to the Related Parties of the Administrative Agent and any such sub-agent, and shall apply to their respective activities in connection with the syndication of the Facilities as well as activities as the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for the negligence or misconduct of any sub-agents except to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction determines in a final and non-appealable judgment that the Administrative Agent acted with gross negligence or willful misconduct in the selection of such sub-agents. 9.06 Resignation of Administrative Agent. (a) Notice. The Administrative Agent may at any time give notice of its resignation to the Lenders, the L/C Issuers and the Borrower. Upon receipt of any such notice of resignation, the Required Lenders shall have the right, subject to the approval of the Borrower (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), to appoint a successor, which shall be a bank with an office in the United States, or an Affiliate of any such bank with an office in the United States. If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within thirty (30) days after the retiring the Administrative Agent gives notice of its resignation (or such earlier day as shall be agreed by the Required Lenders) (the “Resignation Effective Date”), then the retiring the Administrative Agent may (but shall not be obligated to) on behalf of the Lenders and the L/C Issuers, subject to the approval of the Borrower (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) appoint a successor the Administrative Agent meeting the qualifications set forth above; provided that in no event shall any successor the Administrative Agent be a Defaulting Lender. Whether or not a successor has been appointed, such resignation shall become effective in accordance with such notice on the Resignation Effective Date. (b) Defaulting Lender. If the Person serving as the Administrative Agent is a Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (d) of the definition thereof, the Required Lenders may, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, by notice in writing to the Borrower and such Person remove such Person as the Administrative Agent and, subject to the approval of the Borrower (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), appoint a successor. If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within thirty (30) days (or such earlier day as shall be agreed by the Required Lenders) (the “Removal Effective Date”), then such removal shall nonetheless become effective in accordance with such notice on the Removal Effective Date. (c) Effect of Resignation or Removal. With effect from the Resignation Effective Date or the Removal Effective Date (as applicable) (i) the retiring or removed the Administrative Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder and under the other Loan Documents (except that in the case of any collateral security held by the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders or the L/C Issuers under any of the Loan Documents, the retiring or removed the Administrative Agent shall continue to hold such collateral security until such time as a successor the Administrative Agent is appointed) and (ii) except for any indemnity payments or other amounts then owed to the retiring or removed the Administrative Agent, all payments, communications and determinations provided to be made by, to or through the Administrative Agent shall instead be made by or to each Lender and each L/C Issuer directly, until such time, if any, as the Required Lenders appoint a successor the Administrative Agent as provided for above. Upon the acceptance of a successor’s appointment as the Administrative Agent hereunder, such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring removed the Administrative Agent (other than as provided in Section 3.01(g) and other than any rights to indemnity payments or other amounts owed to the retiring removed the 130 #4869-8209-4807v13 Administrative Agent as of the Resignation Effective Date or the Removal Effective Date, as applicable), and the retiring removed the Administrative Agent shall be discharged from all of its duties and obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents (if not already discharged therefrom as provided above in this Section 9.06). The fees payable by the Borrower to a successor the Administrative Agent shall be the same as those payable to its predecessor unless otherwise agreed between the Borrower and such successor. After the retiring removed the Administrative Agent’s resignation removal hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, the provisions of this Article XI and Section 11.04 shall continue in effect for the benefit of such retiring removed the Administrative Agent, its sub-agents and their respective Related Parties in respect of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any of them (A) while the retiring removed the Administrative Agent was acting as the Administrative Agent and (B) after such resignation or removal for as long as any of them continues to act in any capacity hereunder or under the other Loan Documents, including (1) acting as the Collateral Agent or otherwise holding any collateral security on behalf of any of the Secured Parties and (2) in respect of any actions taken in connection with transferring the agency to any successor the Administrative Agent. 9.07 Non-Reliance on the Administrative Agent, the Arranger and the Other Lenders. Each Lender and each L/C Issuer expressly acknowledges that none of the Administrative Agent nor the Arranger has made any representation or warranty to it, and that no act by the Administrative Agent or the Arranger hereafter taken, including any consent to, and acceptance of any assignment or review of the affairs of any Loan Party or any Affiliate thereof, shall be deemed to constitute any representation or warranty by the Administrative Agent or the Arranger to any Lender or each L/C Issuer as to any matter, including whether the Administrative Agent or the Arranger have disclosed material information in their (or their Related Parties’) possession. Each Lender and each L/C Issuer represents to the Administrative Agent and the Arranger that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent, the Arranger, any other Lender or any of their Related Parties and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis of, appraisal of, and investigation into, the business, prospects, operations, property, financial and other condition and creditworthiness of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries, and all applicable bank or other regulatory Laws relating to the transactions contemplated hereby, and made its own decision to enter into this Agreement and to extend credit to the Borrower hereunder. Each Lender and each L/C Issuer also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent, the Arranger, any other Lender or any of their Related Parties and based on such documents and information as it shall from time to time deem appropriate, continue to make its own credit analysis, appraisals and decisions in taking or not taking action under or based upon this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any related agreement or any document furnished hereunder or thereunder, and to make such investigations as it deems necessary to inform itself as to the business, prospects, operations, property, financial and other condition and creditworthiness of the Loan Parties. Each Lender and each L/C Issuer represents and warrants that (i) the Loan Documents set forth the terms of a commercial lending facility and (ii) it is engaged in making, acquiring or holding commercial loans in the ordinary course and is entering into this Agreement as a Lender or L/C Issuer for the purpose of making, acquiring or holding commercial loans and providing other facilities set forth herein as may be applicable to such Lender or L/C Issuer, and not for the purpose of purchasing, acquiring or holding any other type of financial instrument, and each Lender and each L/C Issuer agrees not to assert a claim in contravention of the foregoing. Each Lender and each L/C Issuer represents and warrants that it is sophisticated with respect to decisions to make, acquire and/or hold commercial loans and to provide other facilities set forth herein, as may be applicable to such Lender or such L/C Issuer, and either it, or the Person exercising discretion in making its decision to make, acquire and/or hold such commercial loans or to provide such other facilities, is experienced in making, acquiring or holding such commercial loans or providing such other facilities.


 
131 #4869-8209-4807v13 9.08 No Other Duties, Etc. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, none of the titles listed on the cover page hereof shall have any powers, duties or responsibilities under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, except in its capacity, as applicable, as the Administrative Agent, the Arranger, a Lender or an L/C Issuer hereunder. 9.09 The Administrative Agent May File Proofs of Claim; Credit Bidding. (a) In case of the pendency of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law or any other judicial proceeding relative to any Loan Party, the Administrative Agent (irrespective of whether the principal of any Loan or L/C Obligation shall then be due and payable as herein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Administrative Agent shall have made any demand on the Borrower) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise: (i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of the principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Loans, L/C Obligations and all other Secured Obligations that are owing and unpaid and to file such other documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Lenders, the L/C Issuers and the Administrative Agent (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Lenders, the L/C Issuers and the Administrative Agent and their respective agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Lenders, the L/C Issuers and the Administrative Agent under Sections 2.03(h) and (i), 2.09 and 11.04) allowed in such judicial proceeding; and (ii) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Lender and each L/C Issuer to make such payments to the Administrative Agent and, in the event that the Administrative Agent shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Lenders and the L/C Issuers, to pay to the Administrative Agent any amount due for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Administrative Agent and its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Administrative Agent under Sections 2.09 and 11.04. (b) Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Administrative Agent (i) to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Lender or any L/C Issuer any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Secured Obligations or the rights of any Lender or any L/C Issuer to authorize the Administrative Agent to vote in respect of the claim of any Lender or any L/C Issuer or in any such proceeding or (ii) credit bid any Obligation held by any Lender or the L/C Issuer in a proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law without the prior consent of such Lender or the L/C Issuer, as applicable. (c) The Secured Parties hereby irrevocably authorize the Administrative Agent, at the direction of the Required Lenders, to credit bid all or any portion of the Secured Obligations (including accepting some or all of the Collateral in satisfaction of some or all of the Secured Obligations pursuant to a deed in lieu of foreclosure or otherwise) and in such manner purchase (either directly or through one or more acquisition vehicles) all or any portion of the Collateral (i) at any sale thereof conducted under the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code of the United States, 132 #4869-8209-4807v13 including under Sections 363, 1123 or 1129 of the Bankruptcy Code of the United States, or any similar Laws in any other jurisdictions to which a Loan Party is subject, (ii) at any other sale or foreclosure or acceptance of collateral in lieu of debt conducted by (or with the consent or at the direction of) the Administrative Agent (whether by judicial action or otherwise) in accordance with any Applicable Law. In connection with any such credit bid and purchase, the Secured Obligations owed to the Secured Parties shall be entitled to be, and shall be, credit bid on a ratable basis (with Secured Obligations with respect to contingent or unliquidated claims receiving contingent interests in the acquired assets on a ratable basis that would vest upon the liquidation of such claims in an amount proportional to the liquidated portion of the contingent claim amount used in allocating the contingent interests) in the asset or assets so purchased (or in the Equity Interests or debt instruments of the acquisition vehicle or vehicles that are used to consummate such purchase). In connection with any such bid (A) the Administrative Agent shall be authorized to form one or more acquisition vehicles to make a bid, (B) to adopt documents providing for the governance of the acquisition vehicle or vehicles (provided that any actions by the Administrative Agent with respect to such acquisition vehicle or vehicles, including any disposition of the assets or Equity Interests thereof shall be governed, directly or indirectly, by the vote of the Required Lenders, irrespective of the termination of this Agreement and without giving effect to the limitations on actions by the Required Lenders contained in clause (a) of Section 11.01 of this Agreement), and (C) to the extent that Secured Obligations that are assigned to an acquisition vehicle are not used to acquire Collateral for any reason (as a result of another bid being higher or better, because the amount of Secured Obligations assigned to the acquisition vehicle exceeds the amount of debt credit bid by the acquisition vehicle or otherwise), such Secured Obligations shall automatically be reassigned to the Lenders pro rata and the Equity Interests and/or debt instruments issued by any acquisition vehicle on account of the Secured Obligations that had been assigned to the acquisition vehicle shall automatically be cancelled, without the need for any Secured Party or any acquisition vehicle to take any further action. 9.10 Collateral and Guaranty Matters. (a) Each of the Lenders (including in its capacities as a potential Hedge Bank) and the L/C Issuers irrevocably authorize the Administrative Agent, at its option and in its discretion, (i) to release any Lien on any property granted to or held by the Administrative Agent under any Loan Document (i) upon the Facility Termination Date, (ii) that is sold or otherwise disposed of or to be sold or otherwise disposed of as part of or in connection with any sale or other disposition permitted hereunder or under any other Loan Document, or (iii) if approved, authorized or ratified in writing by the Required Lenders in accordance with Section 11.01; (ii) to subordinate any Lien on any property granted to or held by the Administrative Agent under any Loan Document to the holder of any Lien on such property that is permitted by Section 7.01; and (iii) to release any Guarantor from its obligations under the Guaranty if such Person (A) ceases to be a Subsidiary as a result of a transaction permitted under the Loan Documents or (B) is designated by Borrower as an Immaterial Subsidiary pursuant to clause (z) of Section 6.13(c). (b) Upon request by the Administrative Agent at any time, the Required Lenders will confirm in writing the Administrative Agent’s authority to release or subordinate its interest in particular types or items of property, or to release any Guarantor from its obligations under the 133 #4869-8209-4807v13 Guaranty pursuant to this Section 9.10. In each case as specified in this Section 9.10, the Administrative Agent will, at the Borrower’s expense, execute and deliver to the applicable Loan Party such documents as such Loan Party may reasonably request to evidence the release of such item of Collateral from the assignment and security interest granted under the Collateral Documents or to subordinate its interest in such item, or to release such Guarantor from its obligations under the Guaranty, in each case in accordance with the terms of the Loan Documents and this Section 9.10. (c) The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have a duty to ascertain or inquire into any representation or warranty regarding the existence, value or collectability of the Collateral, the existence, priority or perfection of the Administrative Agent’s Lien thereon, or any certificate prepared by any Loan Party in connection therewith, nor shall the Administrative Agent be responsible or liable to the Lenders for any failure to monitor or maintain any portion of the Collateral. 9.11 Secured Hedge Agreements. Except as otherwise expressly set forth herein or in the Guaranty or any Collateral Document, no Hedge Bank that obtains the benefit of the provisions of Section 8.03, the Guaranty or any Collateral by virtue of the provisions hereof or any Collateral Document shall have any right to notice of any action or to consent to, direct or object to any action hereunder or under any other Loan Document or otherwise in respect of the Collateral (including the release or impairment of any Collateral) (or to notice of or to consent to any amendment, waiver or modification of the provisions hereof or of the Guaranty or any Collateral Document) other than in its capacity as a Lender and, in such case, only to the extent expressly provided in the Loan Documents. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article IX to the contrary, the Administrative Agent shall not be required to verify the payment of, or that other satisfactory arrangements have been made with respect to, Secured Obligations arising under Secured Hedge Agreements except to the extent expressly provided herein and unless the Administrative Agent has received a Secured Party Designation Notice of such Secured Obligations, together with such supporting documentation as the Administrative Agent may request, from the applicable Hedge Bank, as the case may be provided, that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Administrative Agent shall not be required to verify the payment of, or that other satisfactory arrangements have been made with respect to, Secured Obligations arising under Secured Hedge Agreements in the case of the Revolving Maturity Date. 9.12 Certain ERISA Matters. (a) Each Lender (x) represents and warrants, as of the date such Person became a Lender party hereto, to, and (y) covenants, from the date such Person became a Lender party hereto to the date such Person ceases being a Lender party hereto, for the benefit of, the Administrative Agent and not, for the avoidance of doubt, to or for the benefit of the Borrower or any other Loan Party, that at least one of the following is and will be true: (i) such Lender is not using “plan assets” (within the meaning of Section 3(42) of ERISA or otherwise) of one or more Benefit Plans with respect to such Lender’s entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments, or this agreement, (ii) the transaction exemption set forth in one or more PTEs, such as PTE 84– 14 (a class exemption for certain transactions determined by independent qualified professional asset managers), PTE 95–60 (a class exemption for certain transactions involving insurance company general accounts), PTE 90–1 (a class exemption for certain 134 #4869-8209-4807v13 transactions involving insurance company pooled separate accounts), PTE 91–38 (a class exemption for certain transactions involving bank collective investment funds) or PTE 96– 23 (a class exemption for certain transactions determined by in-house asset managers), is applicable with respect to such Lender’s entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement, (iii) (A) such Lender is an investment fund managed by a “Qualified Professional Asset Manager” (within the meaning of Part VI of PTE 84–14), (B) such Qualified Professional Asset Manager made the investment decision on behalf of such Lender to enter into, participate in, administer and perform the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement, (C) the entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement satisfies the requirements of sub-sections (b) through (g) of Part I of PTE 84–14 and (D) to the best knowledge of such Lender, the requirements of subsection (a) of Part I of PTE 84–14 are satisfied with respect to such Lender’s entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement. (b) In addition, unless clause (i) in the immediately preceding clause (a) is true with respect to a Lender, such Lender further (x) represents and warrants, as of the date such Person became a Lender party hereto, to, and (y) covenants, from the date such Person became a Lender party hereto to the date such Person ceases being a Lender party hereto, for the benefit of, the Administrative Agent and not, for the avoidance of doubt, to or for the benefit of the Borrower or any other Loan Party, that the Administrative Agent is not a fiduciary with respect to the assets of such Lender involved in such Lender’s entrance into, participation in, administration of and performance of the Loans, the Letters of Credit, the Commitments and this Agreement (including in connection with the reservation or exercise of any rights by the Administrative Agent under this Agreement, any Loan Document or any documents related hereto or thereto). 9.13 Recovery of Erroneous Payments. Without limitation of any other provision in this Agreement, if at any time the Administrative Agent makes a payment hereunder in error to any Lender Recipient Party, whether or not in respect of an Obligation due and owing by the Borrower at such time, where such payment is a Rescindable Amount, then in any such event, each Lender Recipient Party receiving a Rescindable Amount severally agrees to repay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand the Rescindable Amount received by such Lender Recipient Party in immediately available funds in the currency so received, with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such Rescindable Amount is received by it to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at the greater of the Federal Funds Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation. Each Lender Recipient Party irrevocably waives any and all defenses, including any “discharge for value” (under which a creditor might otherwise claim a right to retain funds mistakenly paid by a third party in respect of a debt owed by another) or similar defense to its obligation to return any Rescindable Amount. The Administrative Agent shall inform each Lender Recipient Party promptly upon determining that any payment made to such Lender Recipient Party comprised, in whole or in part, a Rescindable Amount.


 
135 #4869-8209-4807v13 ARTICLE X CONTINUING GUARANTY 10.01 Guaranty. Each Guarantor hereby absolutely and unconditionally, jointly and severally guarantees, as primary obligor and as a guaranty of payment and performance and not merely as a guaranty of collection, prompt payment when due, whether at stated maturity, by required prepayment, upon acceleration, demand or otherwise, and at all times thereafter, of any and all Secured Obligations (for each Guarantor, subject to the proviso in this sentence, its “Guaranteed Obligations”); provided that (a) the Guaranteed Obligations of a Guarantor shall exclude any Excluded Swap Obligations with respect to such Guarantor and (b) the liability of each Guarantor individually with respect to this Guaranty shall be limited to an aggregate amount equal to the largest amount that would not render its obligations hereunder subject to avoidance under Section 548 of the Bankruptcy Code of the United States or any comparable provisions of any applicable state law or other Applicable Law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Guaranteed Obligations shall include any such indebtedness, obligations, and liabilities, or portion thereof, which may be or hereafter become unenforceable or compromised or shall be an allowed or disallowed claim under any proceeding or case commenced by or against any debtor under any Debtor Relief Laws or as the result of any Bail-In Action. The Administrative Agent’s books and records showing the amount of the Obligations shall be admissible in evidence in any action or proceeding, and shall be binding upon each Guarantor, and conclusive for the purpose of establishing the amount of the Secured Obligations. This Guaranty shall not be affected by the genuineness, validity, regularity or enforceability of the Secured Obligations or any instrument or agreement evidencing any Secured Obligations, or by the existence, validity, enforceability, perfection, non-perfection or extent of any collateral therefor, or by any fact or circumstance relating to the Secured Obligations which might otherwise constitute a defense to the obligations of the Guarantors, or any of them, under this Guaranty (other than the defense of prior payment), and each Guarantor hereby irrevocably waives any defenses it may now have or hereafter acquire in any way relating to any or all of the foregoing (other than the defense of prior payment). 10.02 Rights of Lenders. Each Guarantor consents and agrees that the Secured Parties may, at any time and from time to time, without notice or demand, and without affecting the enforceability or continuing effectiveness hereof: (a) amend, extend, renew, compromise, discharge, accelerate or otherwise change the time for payment or the terms of the Secured Obligations or any part thereof; (b) take, hold, exchange, enforce, waive, release, fail to perfect, sell, or otherwise dispose of any security for the payment of this Guaranty or any Secured Obligations; (c) apply such security and direct the order or manner of sale thereof as the Administrative Agent, each L/C Issuer and the Lenders in their sole discretion may determine; and (d) release or substitute one or more of any endorsers or other guarantors of any of the Secured Obligations. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Guarantor consents to the taking of, or failure to take, any action which might in any manner or to any extent vary the risks of such Guarantor under this Guaranty or which, but for this provision, might operate as a discharge of such Guarantor. 10.03 Certain Waivers. Each Guarantor waives (a) any defense arising by reason of any disability or other defense of the Borrower or any other guarantor, or the cessation from any cause whatsoever (including any act or omission of any Secured Party) of the liability of the Borrower or any other Loan Party; (b) any defense based on any claim that such Guarantor’s obligations exceed or are more burdensome than those of the Borrower or any other Loan Party; (c) the benefit of any statute of limitations affecting any Guarantor’s liability 136 #4869-8209-4807v13 hereunder; (d) any right to proceed against the Borrower or any other Loan Party, proceed against or exhaust any security for the Secured Obligations, or pursue any other remedy in the power of any Secured Party whatsoever; (e) any benefit of and any right to participate in any security now or hereafter held by any Secured Party; and (f) to the fullest extent permitted by law, any and all other defenses or benefits that may be derived from or afforded by Applicable Law limiting the liability of or exonerating guarantors or sureties. Each Guarantor expressly waives all setoffs and counterclaims and all presentments, demands for payment or performance, notices of nonpayment or nonperformance, protests, notices of protest, notices of dishonor and all other notices or demands of any kind or nature whatsoever with respect to the Secured Obligations, and all notices of acceptance of this Guaranty or of the existence, creation or incurrence of new or additional Secured Obligations. 10.04 Obligations Independent. The obligations of each Guarantor hereunder are those of primary obligor, and not merely as surety, and are independent of the Secured Obligations and the obligations of any other guarantor, and a separate action may be brought against each Guarantor to enforce this Guaranty whether or not the Borrower or any other person or entity is joined as a party. 10.05 Subrogation. No Guarantor shall exercise any right of subrogation, contribution, indemnity, reimbursement or similar rights with respect to any payments it makes under this Guaranty until all of the Secured Obligations and any amounts payable under this Guaranty have been indefeasibly paid and performed in full and the Commitments and Facility are terminated. If any amounts are paid to a Guarantor in violation of the foregoing limitation, then such amounts shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Secured Parties and shall forthwith be paid to the Secured Parties to reduce the amount of the Secured Obligations, whether matured or unmatured. 10.06 Termination; Reinstatement. This Guaranty is a continuing and irrevocable guaranty of all Secured Obligations now or hereafter existing and shall remain in full force and effect until the Facility Termination Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Guaranty shall continue in full force and effect or be revived, as the case may be, if any payment by or on behalf of the Borrower or a Guarantor is made, or any of the Secured Parties exercises its right of setoff, in respect of the Secured Obligations and such payment or the proceeds of such setoff or any part thereof is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by any of the Secured Parties in their discretion) to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party, in connection with any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Laws or otherwise, all as if such payment had not been made or such setoff had not occurred and whether or not the Secured Parties are in possession of or have released this Guaranty and regardless of any prior revocation, rescission, termination or reduction. The obligations of each Guarantor under this Section 10.06 shall survive termination of this Guaranty. 10.07 Stay of Acceleration. If acceleration of the time for payment of any of the Secured Obligations is stayed, in connection with any case commenced by or against a Guarantor or the Borrower under any Debtor Relief Laws, or otherwise, all such amounts shall nonetheless be payable by each Guarantor, jointly and severally, immediately upon written demand by the Secured Parties. 137 #4869-8209-4807v13 10.08 Condition of the Borrower. Each Guarantor acknowledges and agrees that it has the sole responsibility for, and has adequate means of, obtaining from the Borrower and any other guarantor such information concerning the financial condition, business and operations of the Borrower and any such other guarantor as such Guarantor requires, and that none of the Secured Parties has any duty, and such Guarantor is not relying on the Secured Parties at any time, to disclose to it any information relating to the business, operations or financial condition of the Borrower or any other guarantor (each Guarantor waiving any duty on the part of the Secured Parties to disclose such information and any defense relating to the failure to provide the same). 10.09 Appointment of the Borrower. Each of the Loan Parties hereby appoints the Borrower to act as its agent for all purposes of this Agreement, the other Loan Documents and all other documents and electronic platforms entered into in connection herewith and agrees that (a) the Borrower may execute such documents and provide such authorizations on behalf of such Loan Parties as the Borrower deems appropriate in its sole discretion and each Loan Party shall be obligated by all of the terms of any such document and/or authorization executed on its behalf, (b) any notice or communication delivered by the Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer or a Lender to the Borrower shall be deemed delivered to each Loan Party and (c) the Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer or the Lenders may accept, and be permitted to rely on, any document, authorization, instrument or agreement executed by the Borrower on behalf of each of the Loan Parties. 10.10 Right of Contribution. The Guarantors agree among themselves that, in connection with payments made hereunder, each Guarantor shall have contribution rights against the other Guarantors as permitted under Applicable Law. 10.11 Keepwell. Each Loan Party that is a Qualified ECP Guarantor at the time the Guaranty or the grant of a Lien under the Loan Documents, in each case, by any Specified Loan Party becomes effective with respect to any Swap Obligation, hereby jointly and severally, absolutely, unconditionally and irrevocably undertakes to provide such funds or other support to each Specified Loan Party with respect to such Swap Obligation as may be needed by such Specified Loan Party from time to time to honor all of its obligations under the Loan Documents in respect of such Swap Obligation (but, in each case, only up to the maximum amount of such liability that can be hereby incurred without rendering such Qualified ECP Guarantor’s obligations and undertakings under this Article X voidable under Applicable Law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer, and not for any greater amount). The obligations and undertakings of each Qualified ECP Guarantor under this Section 10.11 shall remain in full force and effect until the Secured Obligations have been indefeasibly paid and performed in full. Each Loan Party intends this Section 10.11 to constitute, and this Section 10.11 shall be deemed to constitute, a guarantee of the obligations of, and a “keepwell, support, or other agreement” for the benefit of, each Specified Loan Party for all purposes of the Commodity Exchange Act. 10.12 Limitation of Guaranty. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Loan Document or otherwise, the Loan Parties, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders hereby irrevocably agree that the Guaranteed Obligations of each Guarantor in respect of the guarantee set forth in this Section 10 at any time shall be limited to the maximum amount as will result in the Guaranteed Obligations of such Guarantor not constituting a fraudulent transfer, conveyance or avoidance under Section 548 of the Bankruptcy Code of the United States or any comparable 138 #4869-8209-4807v13 provisions of any applicable state law after giving full effect to the liability under such guarantee set forth in this Section 10 and its related contribution rights (which each Guarantor shall have against each other Guarantor as permitted under Applicable Law) but before taking into account any liabilities under any other guarantee by such Guarantor. ARTICLE XI MISCELLANEOUS 11.01 Amendments, Etc. (a) Subject to Section 3.03, no amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, and no consent to any departure by the Borrower or any other Loan Party therefrom, shall be effective unless in writing signed by the Required Lenders (or by the Administrative Agent with the consent of the Required Lenders) and the Borrower or the applicable Loan Party, as the case may be, and acknowledged by the Administrative Agent, and each such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given; provided, however, that no such amendment, waiver or consent shall: (i) extend or increase the Commitment of any Lender (or reinstate any Commitment terminated pursuant to Section 8.02) other than pursuant to Section 2.16 in respect of which such Lender has agreed to increase its Commitment, without the written consent of such Lender (it being understood and agreed that a waiver of, or consent to departure from, any condition precedent, representation, warranty, covenant, Event of Default, Default, mandatory prepayment or a mandatory reduction in Commitments is not considered an extension or increase in Commitments of any Lender); (ii) postpone any date fixed by this Agreement or any other Loan Document for any payment (excluding mandatory prepayments) of principal, interest, fees or other amounts due to the Lenders (or any of them) or reduce the amount of, waive or excuse any such payment hereunder or under such other Loan Document without the written consent of each Lender entitled to such payment; (iii) reduce the principal of, or the rate of interest specified herein on, any Loan or L/C Borrowing, or (subject to clause (D) of the second proviso to this Section 11.01) any fees or other amounts payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document without the written consent of each Lender directly and adversely affected thereby; provided, however, that (i) only the consent of the Required Lenders shall be necessary to waive any Default or Event of Default, amend the definition of “Default Rate” or to waive any obligation of the Borrower to pay interest or Letter of Credit Fees at the Default Rate and (ii) any change to the definition of “Leverage Ratio,” “Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio,” and any other financial covenant (if any) or the component definitions thereof shall not constitute a reduction in any rate of interest; (iv) change Section 2.12(f), Section 2.13 or Section 8.03 in a manner that would have the effect of altering the ratable reduction of Commitments, pro rata payments or pro rata sharing of payments required hereunder without the written consent of each Lender affected thereby; (v) change any provision of this Section 11.01 or the definition of “Required Lenders” or any other provision of any Loan Document specifying the number or


 
139 #4869-8209-4807v13 percentage of Lenders required to amend, waive or otherwise modify any rights hereunder or thereunder or make any determination or grant any consent hereunder, without the written consent of each Lender affected thereby; (vi) release all or substantially all of the Collateral in any transaction or series of related transactions, (except as otherwise permitted herein or in the other Loan Documents, including pursuant to Section 9.10 hereof, in which case such release may be made by the Administrative Agent acting alone), without the written consent of each Lender; (vii) release all or substantially all of the value of the Guaranty, without the written consent of each Lender, except to the extent the release of any Subsidiary from the Guaranty is permitted, except as otherwise permitted hereunder or in the other Loan Documents, including pursuant to Section 9.10 (in which case such release may be made by the Administrative Agent acting alone); (viii) increase the percentages of (I) Net Book Value as set forth in paragraphs (a) through (f) and (i) or (II) outstanding principal amount as set forth in paragraphs (g) and (h), in the definition of “Borrowing Base,” the effect of which would be to increase amounts available to be borrowed, without the written consent of all the Lenders; (ix) subordinate the Lien on all or substantially all of the Collateral securing the Secured Obligations to the Lien securing any other Indebtedness without the written consent of each Lender affected thereby; provided that the consent of each affected Lender pursuant to this clause (x) shall not be required (A) in connection with any “debtor-in- possession” financing or the use of the Collateral in any insolvency proceeding; (B) with respect to any subordination of Liens expressly permitted pursuant to Section 9.10 as in effect on the Closing Date or pursuant to transactions otherwise permitted hereunder; or (C) to the extent the underlying transactions effecting any such subordination are offered to all Lenders on a pro rata basis and on the same terms and conditions (other than with respect to any upfront, arranger, commitment, underwriting, work, syndication or similar fees); or (x) modify Section 9.09(b)(ii) without the consent of each affected Lender and each affected L/C Issuer. and provided, further, that (A) no amendment, waiver or consent shall, unless in writing and signed by the L/C Issuers in addition to the Lenders required above, if applicable, affect the rights or duties of the L/C Issuers under this Agreement or any Issuer Document relating to any Letter of Credit issued or to be issued by it; (B) no amendment, waiver or consent shall, unless in writing and signed by the Swingline Lender in addition to the Lenders required above, if applicable, affect the rights or duties of the Swingline Lender under this Agreement; (C) no amendment, waiver or consent shall, unless in writing and signed by the Administrative Agent in addition to the Lenders required above, if applicable, affect the rights or duties of the Administrative Agent under this Agreement or any other Loan Document; (D) the Fee Letter may be amended, or rights or privileges thereunder waived, in a writing executed only by the parties thereto and (E) the term L/C Commitment may be amended pursuant to a fully executed (and delivered to the Administrative Agent) Notice of Additional L/C Issuer. (b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, (i) no Defaulting Lender shall have any right to approve or disapprove any amendment, waiver or consent hereunder (and any 140 #4869-8209-4807v13 amendment, waiver or consent which by its terms requires the consent of all Lenders or each affected Lender, or all Lenders or each affected Lender under a Facility, may be effected with the consent of the applicable Lenders other than Defaulting Lenders), except that (A) the Commitment of any Defaulting Lender may not be increased or extended without the consent of such Lender and (B) any waiver, amendment or modification requiring the consent of all Lenders or each affected Lender, or all Lenders or each affected Lender under a Facility, that by its terms affects any Defaulting Lender disproportionately adversely relative to other affected Lenders shall require the consent of such Defaulting Lender; (ii) each Lender is entitled to vote as such Lender sees fit on any bankruptcy reorganization plan that affects the Loans, and each Lender acknowledges that the provisions of Section 1126(c) of the Bankruptcy Code of the United States supersedes the unanimous consent provisions set forth herein and (iii) the Required Lenders shall determine whether or not to allow a Loan Party to use cash collateral in the context of a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding and such determination shall be binding on all of the Lenders. (c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, this Agreement may be amended and restated without the consent of any Lender (but with the consent of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent) if, upon giving effect to such amendment and restatement, such Lender shall no longer be a party to this Agreement (as so amended and restated), the Commitments of such Lender shall have been terminated or assigned to another Lender, such Lender shall have no other commitment or other obligation hereunder and shall have been paid in full all principal, interest and other amounts owing to it or accrued for its account under this Agreement. (d) Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, if the Administrative Agent and the Borrower acting together identify any ambiguity, omission, mistake, typographical error or other defect in any provision of this Agreement or any other Loan Document (including the schedules and exhibits thereto), then the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall be permitted to amend, modify or supplement such provision to cure such ambiguity, omission, mistake, typographical error or other defect, and such amendment shall become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement. 11.02 Notices; Effectiveness; Electronic Communications. (a) Notices Generally. Except in the case of notices and other communications expressly permitted to be given by telephone (and except as provided in clause (b) below), all notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by fax transmission or e-mail transmission as follows, and all notices and other communications expressly permitted hereunder to be given by telephone shall be made to the applicable telephone number, as follows: (i) if to the Borrower or any other Loan Party, the Administrative Agent, any L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender, to the address, fax number, e-mail address or telephone number specified for such Person on Schedule 1.01(a); and (ii) if to any other Lender, to the address, fax number, e-mail address or telephone number specified in its Administrative Questionnaire (including, as appropriate, notices delivered solely to the Person designated by a Lender on its Administrative Questionnaire then in effect for the delivery of notices that may contain material non-public information relating to the Borrower). Notices and other communications sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail, shall be deemed to have been given when received; notices and other 141 #4869-8209-4807v13 communications sent by fax transmission shall be deemed to have been given when sent (except that, if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient). Notices and other communications delivered through electronic communications to the extent provided in clause (b) below shall be effective as provided in such clause (b). This Agreement was prepared by: Milbank LLP 55 Hudson Yards New York, NY 10001 Attention: Alexandra Johnson Phone: (212) 530-5479 E-mail: ajohnson@milbank.com (b) Electronic Communications. (i) Notices and other communications to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the Swingline Lender and the L/C Issuers hereunder may be delivered or furnished by electronic communication (including e-mail, FPML messaging, and Internet or intranet websites) pursuant to an electronic communications agreement (or such other procedures approved by the Administrative Agent in its sole discretion); provided that the foregoing shall not apply to notices to any Lender, the Swingline Lender or any L/C Issuer pursuant to Article II if such Lender, the Swingline Lender or such L/C Issuer, as applicable, has notified the Administrative Agent that it is incapable of receiving notices under such Article II by electronic communication. The Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender, any L/C Issuer or the Borrower may each, in its discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it, provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications. (ii) Unless the Administrative Agent otherwise prescribes, (A) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgment from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e-mail or other written acknowledgement) and (B) notices and other communications posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received by the intended recipient upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgement from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e-mail address or other written acknowledgement) indicating that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor; provided that for both clauses (A) and (B), if such notice or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice, email or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient. (c) The Platform. THE PLATFORM IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE.” THE AGENT PARTIES (AS DEFINED BELOW) DO NOT WARRANT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE BORROWER MATERIALS OR THE ADEQUACY OF THE PLATFORM, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM LIABILITY FOR ERRORS IN OR OMISSIONS FROM THE BORROWER MATERIALS. NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR FREEDOM FROM VIRUSES OR OTHER CODE DEFECTS, 142 #4869-8209-4807v13 IS MADE BY ANY AGENT PARTY IN CONNECTION WITH THE BORROWER MATERIALS OR THE PLATFORM. In no event shall the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties (collectively, the “Agent Parties”) have any liability to the Borrower, any Lender, any L/C Issuer or any other Person for losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses of any kind (whether in tort, contract or otherwise) arising out of the Borrower’s, any Loan Party’s or the Administrative Agent’s transmission of the Borrower Materials or notices through the Platform, any other electronic platform or electronic messaging service, or through the Internet. (d) Change of Address, Etc. Each of the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, each L/C Issuer and the Swingline Lender may change its address, fax number or telephone number or e-mail address for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto. Each other Lender may change its address, fax number or telephone number or e-mail address for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, each L/C Issuer and the Swingline Lender. In addition, each Lender agrees to notify the Administrative Agent from time to time to ensure that the Administrative Agent has on record (i) an effective address, contact name, telephone number, fax number and e-mail address to which notices and other communications may be sent and (ii) accurate wire instructions for such Lender. (e) Reliance by the Administrative Agent, L/C Issuers and Lenders. The Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuers and the Lenders shall be entitled to rely and act upon any notices (including telephonic or electronic notices, Loan Notices, Letter of Credit Applications, Notice of Loan Prepayment and Swingline Loan Notices) purportedly given by or on behalf of any Loan Party even if (i) such notices were not made in a manner specified herein, were incomplete or were not preceded or followed by any other form of notice specified herein, or (ii) the terms thereof, as understood by the recipient, varied from any confirmation thereof. The Loan Parties shall indemnify the Administrative Agent, each L/C Issuer, each Lender and the Related Parties of each of them from all losses, costs, expenses and liabilities resulting from the reliance by such Person on each notice purportedly given by or on behalf of a Loan Party. All telephonic notices to and other telephonic communications with the Administrative Agent may be recorded by the Administrative Agent, and each of the parties hereto hereby consents to such recording. 11.03 No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies; Enforcement. (a) No failure by any Lender, any L/C Issuer or the Administrative Agent to exercise, and no delay by any such Person in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder or under any other Loan Document shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder or under any other Loan Document preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided, and provided under each other Loan Document, are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided by law. (b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in any other Loan Document, the authority to enforce rights and remedies hereunder and under the other Loan Documents against the Loan Parties or any of them shall be vested exclusively in, and all actions and proceedings at law in connection with such enforcement shall be instituted and maintained exclusively by, the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 8.02 for the benefit of all the Lenders and the L/C Issuers; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not prohibit (a) the Administrative Agent from exercising on its own behalf the rights and remedies that inure to its benefit (solely in its capacity as the Administrative Agent) hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, (b) any L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender from exercising the rights and remedies


 
143 #4869-8209-4807v13 that inure to its benefit (solely in its capacity as an L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender, as the case may be) hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, (c) any Lender from exercising setoff rights in accordance with Section 11.08 (subject to the terms of Section 2.13), or (d) any Lender from filing proofs of claim or appearing and filing pleadings on its own behalf during the pendency of a proceeding relative to any Loan Party under any Debtor Relief Law; and provided, further, that if at any time there is no Person acting as the Administrative Agent hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, then (i) the Required Lenders shall have the rights otherwise ascribed to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 8.02 and (ii) in addition to the matters set forth in clauses (b), (c) and (d) of the preceding proviso and subject to Section 2.13, any Lender may, with the consent of the Required Lenders, enforce any rights and remedies available to it and as authorized by the Required Lenders. 11.04 Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver. (a) Costs and Expenses. The Loan Parties shall pay (i) all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent and its Affiliates (including, but not limited to, (A) the reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of one primary outside counsel and one additional local counsel in each relevant jurisdiction, such local counsel subject to the Borrower’s prior written consent, for the Administrative Agent and its Affiliates and (B) due diligence expenses), in connection with the syndication of the credit facilities provided for herein, the preparation, negotiation, execution, delivery and administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents or any amendments, modifications or waivers of the provisions hereof or thereof (whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby shall be consummated), (ii) all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the L/C Issuers in connection with the issuance, amendment, extension, reinstatement or renewal of any Letter of Credit or any demand for payment thereunder and (iii) all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer (including the fees, charges and disbursements of one primary outside counsel and one additional local counsel in each relevant jurisdiction, such local counsel subject to the Borrower’s prior written consent, for the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer), in connection with the enforcement or protection of its rights (A) in connection with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, including its rights under this Section 11.04, or (B) in connection with Loans made or Letters of Credit issued hereunder, including all such reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred during any workout, restructuring or negotiations in respect of such Loans or Letters of Credit; provided, however, that the Loan Parties shall not be obligated to reimburse any of the legal fees of the Administrative Agent, Lender or any L/C Issuer that were incurred prior to the Closing Date in excess of the amount previously agreed between the Borrower and the Administrative Agent. (b) Indemnification by the Loan Parties. The Loan Parties shall indemnify the Administrative Agent (and any sub-agent thereof), each Lender and each L/C Issuer, and each Related Party of any of the foregoing Persons (each such Person being called an “Indemnitee”) against, and hold each Indemnitee harmless from, any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and related expenses (including the fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for any Indemnitee which, in the case of counsel, shall be limited to the reasonable and documented fees, disbursements and other charges of (i) one primary counsel and one additional local counsel in each relevant jurisdiction for the Administrative Agent and (ii) one additional primary counsel, and one additional counsel in each applicable jurisdiction, for all other Indemnitees (taken as a whole)), incurred by any Indemnitee or asserted against any Indemnitee by any Person (including the Borrower or any other Loan Party) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of (i) the execution or delivery of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument 144 #4869-8209-4807v13 contemplated hereby or thereby (including the Indemnitee’s reliance on any Communication executed using an Electronic Signature, or in the form of an Electronic Record, the performance by the parties hereto of their respective obligations hereunder or thereunder or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, or, in the case of the Administrative Agent (and any sub-agent thereof) and its Related Parties only, the administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents (including in respect of any matters addressed in Section 3.01), (ii) any Loan or Letter of Credit or the use or proposed use of the proceeds therefrom (including any refusal by any L/C Issuer to honor a demand for payment under a Letter of Credit if the documents presented in connection with such demand do not strictly comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit), (iii) any actual or alleged presence or Release of Hazardous Materials on or from any property owned, leased or operated by a Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries, or any Environmental Liability related in any way to a Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iv) any actual or prospective claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing, whether based on contract, tort or any other theory, whether brought by a third party or by the Borrower or any other Loan Party, and regardless of whether any Indemnitee is a party thereto; provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses (x) are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and non-appealable judgment to have resulted from the bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee, (y) result from a claim brought by the Borrower or any other Loan Party against an Indemnitee for a material breach of such Indemnitee’s obligations hereunder or under any other Loan Document, if the Borrower or such Loan Party has obtained a final and non- appealable judgment in its favor on such claim as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction or (z) arise solely from claims of any Indemnitee against one or more other Indemnitees that do not involve or have not resulted from (1) an act or omission of an Indemnitee in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Lender, L/C Issuer, or Arranger or (2) an act or omission (or alleged act or omission) by Borrower or its Subsidiaries. Without limiting the provisions of Section 3.01(c), this Section 11.04(b) shall not apply with respect to Taxes other than any Taxes that represent losses, claims, damages, etc. arising from any non-Tax claim. (c) Reimbursement by Lenders. To the extent that the Loan Parties for any reason fail to indefeasibly pay any amount required under clauses (a) or (b) of this Section 11.04 to be paid by it to the Administrative Agent (or any sub-agent thereof), any L/C Issuer, the Swingline Lender or any Related Party of any of the foregoing, each Lender severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), any L/C Issuer, the Swingline Lender or such Related Party, as the case may be, such Lender’s pro rata share (determined as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed expense or indemnity payment is sought based on each Lender’s share of the Total Credit Exposure at such time) of such unpaid amount (including any such unpaid amount in respect of a claim asserted by such Lender), such payment to be made severally among them based on such Lender’s Applicable Percentage (determined as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed expense or indemnity payment is sought), provided, that the unreimbursed expense or indemnified loss, claim, damage, liability or related expense, as the case may be, was incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), such L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender in its capacity as such, or against any Related Party of any of the foregoing acting for the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), such L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender in connection with such capacity. The obligations of the Lenders under this clause (c) are subject to the provisions of Section 2.12(d). (d) Waiver of Consequential Damages, Etc. To the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, none of the parties to this Agreement shall assert, and each party hereby waives, and acknowledges that no other Person shall have, any claim against any Indemnitee or any party hereto, on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as 145 #4869-8209-4807v13 opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby, the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, any Loan or Letter of Credit or the use of the proceeds thereof (other than, in the case of any Loan Party, in respect of any such damages incurred or paid by an Indemnitee to a third party for which such Indemnitee is otherwise entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Section 11.04). No Indemnitee referred to in clause (b) above shall be liable for any damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of any information or other materials distributed to such unintended recipients by such Indemnitee through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems in connection with this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby other than for direct or actual damages resulting from the gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee as determined by a final and non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction. (e) Payments. All amounts due under this Section 11.04 shall be payable not later than ten (10) Business Days after demand therefor. (f) Survival. The agreements in this Section 11.04 and the indemnity provisions of Section 11.02(e) shall survive the resignation of the Administrative Agent, the LC Issuers and the Swingline Lender, the replacement of any Lender, the termination of the Aggregate Commitments and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all the other Obligations. 11.05 Payments Set Aside. To the extent that any payment by or on behalf of the Borrower is made to the Administrative Agent, any L/C Issuer or any Lender, or the Administrative Agent, any L/C Issuer or any Lender exercises its right of setoff, and such payment or the proceeds of such setoff or any part thereof is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the Administrative Agent, such L/C Issuer or such Lender in its discretion) to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party, in connection with any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law or otherwise, then (a) to the extent of such recovery, the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such setoff had not occurred, and (b) each Lender and the L/C Issuer severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent upon demand its applicable share (without duplication) of any amount so recovered from or repaid by the Administrative Agent, plus interest thereon from the date of such demand to the date such payment is made at a rate per annum equal to the applicable Overnight Rate from time to time in effect. The obligations of the Lenders and the L/C Issuer under clause (b) of the preceding sentence shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of this Agreement. 11.06 Successors and Assigns. (a) Successors and Assigns Generally. The provisions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and thereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except neither the Borrower nor any other Loan Party may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent and each Lender and no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder except (i) to an assignee in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.06(b), (ii) by way of participation in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.06(d), or (iii) by way of pledge or assignment of a security interest subject to the restrictions of Section 11.06(e) (and any other attempted assignment or transfer by any party hereto shall be null and void). Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and 146 #4869-8209-4807v13 assigns permitted hereby, Participants to the extent provided in Section 11.06(d) and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of each of the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuers and the Lenders) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement. (b) Assignments by Lenders. Any Lender may at any time assign to one or more assignees all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents (including all or a portion of its Commitment(s) and the Loans (including for purposes of this clause (b), participations in L/C Obligations and in Swingline Loans) at the time owing to it); provided that (in each case with respect to any Facility) any such assignment shall be subject to the following conditions: (i) Minimum Amounts. (A) in the case of an assignment of the entire remaining amount of the assigning Lender’s Commitment under any Facility and/or the Loans at the time owing to it or contemporaneous assignments to related Approved Funds (determined after giving effect to such assignments) that equal at least the amount specified in clause (b)(i)(B) of this Section 11.06 in the aggregate or in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund, no minimum amount need be assigned; and (B) in any case not described in clause (b)(i)(A) of this Section 11.06, the aggregate amount of the Commitment (which for this purpose includes Loans outstanding thereunder) or, if the Commitment is not then in effect, the principal outstanding balance of the Loans of the assigning Lender subject to each such assignment, determined as of the date the Assignment and Assumption with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent or, if “Trade Date” is specified in the Assignment and Assumption, as of the Trade Date, shall not be less than $5,000,000, in the case of any assignment in respect of the Facility, unless each of the Administrative Agent and, so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower otherwise consents (each such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed). (ii) Proportionate Amounts. Each partial assignment shall be made as an assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents with respect to the Loans and/or the Commitment assigned, except that this clause (b)(ii) shall not apply to the Swingline Lender’s rights and obligations in respect of Swingline Loans. (iii) Required Consents. No consent shall be required for any assignment except to the extent required by clause (b)(i)(B) of this Section 11.06 and, in addition: (A) the consent of the Borrower (provided that, with respect to an assignment to an Eligible Assignee, such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be required unless (1) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at the time of such assignment or (2) such assignment is to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund; provided that the Borrower shall be deemed to have consented to any such assignment unless it shall object thereto by written notice to the Administrative Agent within five (5) Business Days after having received notice thereof;


 
147 #4869-8209-4807v13 (B) the consent of the Administrative Agent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be required for assignments in respect of any Commitment if such assignment is to a Person that is not a Lender with a Commitment in respect of the Facility, an Affiliate of such Lender or an Approved Fund with respect to such Lender; and (C) the consent of each L/C Issuer and the Swingline Lender shall be required for any assignment in respect of the Facility. (iv) Assignment and Assumption. The parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an Assignment and Assumption, together with a processing and recordation fee in the amount of $3,500; provided, however, that the Administrative Agent may, in its sole discretion, elect to waive such processing and recordation fee in the case of any assignment. The assignee, if it is not a Lender, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent an Administrative Questionnaire. (v) No Assignment to Certain Persons. No such assignment shall be made (A) to the Borrower or any of the Borrower’s Affiliates or Subsidiaries, (B) to any Defaulting Lender or any of its Subsidiaries, or any Person who, upon becoming a Lender hereunder, would constitute any of the foregoing Persons described in this clause (B), (C) to a natural Person (or a holding company, investment vehicle or trust for, or owned and operated by or for the primary benefit of one or more natural Persons) or (D) to any Competitor. (vi) Certain Additional Payments. In connection with any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder, no such assignment shall be effective unless and until, in addition to the other conditions thereto set forth herein, the parties to the assignment shall make such additional payments to the Administrative Agent in an aggregate amount sufficient, upon distribution thereof as appropriate (which may be outright payment, purchases by the assignee of participations or sub-participations, or other compensating actions, including funding, with the consent of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, the applicable pro rata share of Loans previously requested but not funded by the Defaulting Lender, to each of which the applicable assignee and assignor hereby irrevocably consent), to (A) pay and satisfy in full all payment liabilities then owed by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent, any L/C Issuer or any Lender hereunder (and interest accrued thereon) and (B) acquire (and fund as appropriate) its full pro rata share of all Loans and participations in Letters of Credit and Swingline Loans in accordance with its Applicable Percentage. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder shall become effective under Applicable Law without compliance with the provisions of this clause (b)(vi), then the assignee of such interest shall be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender for all purposes of this Agreement until such compliance occurs. (vii) Subject to acceptance and recording thereof by the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 11.06(c), from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment and Assumption, the assignee thereunder shall be a party to this Agreement and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Assumption covering all of the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, such 148 #4869-8209-4807v13 Lender shall cease to be a party hereto but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of Sections 3.01, 3.04, 3.05 and 11.04 with respect to facts and circumstances occurring prior to the effective date of such assignment); provided, that except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed by the affected parties, no assignment by a Defaulting Lender will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from that Lender’s having been a Defaulting Lender. Upon request, the Borrower (at its expense) shall execute and deliver a Note to the assignee Lender. Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this clause (b) shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with Section 11.06(d). (c) Register. The Administrative Agent, acting solely for this purpose as a non- fiduciary agent of the Borrower (and such agency being solely for Tax purposes), shall maintain at the Administrative Agent’s Office a copy of each Assignment and Assumption delivered to it (or the equivalent thereof in electronic form) and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Commitments of, and principal amounts (and interest amounts) of the Loans and L/C Obligations (and, if applicable, Notes) owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the “Register”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive, absent manifest error, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower and any Lender (with respect to such Lender’s interest only), at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice. If an assigning Lender holds any Notes, the assigning Lender shall, upon the effectiveness of such assignment and upon written request of the Borrower surrender such Notes to the Administrative Agent for cancellation, and, if requested by either the assignee or the assigning Lender, the Borrower shall issue and deliver a new Note to such assignee and/or to such assigning Lender, with appropriate insertions, to reflect the new Loans and/or Loans of the assignee and/or the assigning Lender. (d) Participations. (i) Any Lender may at any time, without the consent of, but with notice to, the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, sell participations to any Person that is an Eligible Assignee (each, a “Participant”) in all or a portion of such Lender’s rights and/or obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and/or the Loans (including such Lender’s participations in L/C Obligations and/or Swingline Loans) owing to it); provided that (i) such Lender’s obligations under this Agreement shall remain unchanged, (ii) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations and (iii) the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, each Lender shall be responsible for the indemnity under Section 11.04(c) without regard to the existence of any participations. (ii) Any agreement or instrument pursuant to which a Lender sells such a participation shall provide that such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce this Agreement and to approve any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; provided that such agreement or instrument may provide that such Lender will not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, waiver or other modification that purports to: (A) extend the Maturity Date or any other date upon which any payment of money is due to the Lenders, (B) reduce the rate of interest, any fee or any 149 #4869-8209-4807v13 other monetary amount payable to the Lenders, (C) reduce the amount of any installment of principal due under this Agreement, or (C) release all or a substantial portion of the Collateral from the Lien of the Collateral Documents if the effect is to cause the outstanding principal amount of the Loans to exceed the amount of the Borrowing Base that affects such Participant, except if such release of Collateral occurs in connection with a disposition permitted under this Agreement in which case such release shall not require the consent of any of the Lenders or of any holder of a participation interest. The Borrower agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Sections 3.01, 3.04 and 3.05 (subject to the requirements and limitations therein, including the requirements under Section 3.01(e) (it being understood that the documentation required under Section 3.01(e) shall be delivered to the Lender who sells the participation)) to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to clause (b) of this Section 11.06; provided that such Participant (A) shall be subject to the provisions of Sections 3.06 and 11.13 as if it were an assignee under clause (b) of this Section 11.06 and (B) shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Sections 3.01 or 3.04, with respect to any participation, than the Lender from whom it acquired the applicable participation would have been entitled to receive, except to the extent such entitlement to receive a greater payment results from a Change in Law that occurs after the Participant acquired the applicable participation. Each Lender that sells a participation agrees, at the Borrower’s request and expense, to use reasonable efforts to cooperate with the Borrower to effectuate the provisions of Section 3.06 with respect to any Participant. To the extent permitted by law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 11.08 as though it were a Lender; provided that such Participant agrees to be subject to Section 2.13 as though it were a Lender. Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrower, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each Participant and the principal amounts (and interest amounts) of each Participant’s interest in the Loans or other obligations under the Loan Documents (the “Participant Register”); provided that no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any Participant or any information relating to a Participant’s interest in any commitments, loans, letters of credit or its other obligations under any Loan Document) to any Person except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such commitment, loan, letter of credit or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103–1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations. The entries in the Participant Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary. For the avoidance of doubt, the Administrative Agent (in its capacity as the Administrative Agent) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register. (e) Certain Pledges. Any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement (including under its Note or Notes, if any) to secure obligations of such Lender, including any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank; provided that no such pledge or assignment shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto. (f) Resignation as L/C Issuer or Swingline Lender after Assignment. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if at any time any L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender assigns all of its Commitment and Loans pursuant to clause (b) above, such L/C Issuer or Swingline Lender, as applicable, may, (i) upon thirty (30) days’ notice to the Administrative Agent, the 150 #4869-8209-4807v13 Borrower and the Lenders, resign as an L/C Issuer and/or (ii) upon thirty (30) days’ notice to the Borrower, resign as the Swingline Lender. In the event of any such resignation as an L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender, the Borrower shall be entitled to appoint from among the Lenders a successor L/C Issuer or Swingline Lender hereunder; provided, however, that no failure by the Borrower to appoint any such successor shall affect the resignation of the applicable L/C Issuer and/or Swingline Lender, as applicable, as an L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender, as the case may be. If the applicable L/C Issuer resigns as an L/C Issuer, it shall retain all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of an L/C Issuer hereunder with respect to all Letters of Credit outstanding as of the effective date of its resignation as an L/C Issuer and all L/C Obligations with respect thereto (including the right to require the Lenders to make Base Rate Loans or fund risk participations in Unreimbursed Amounts pursuant to Section 2.03(c)). If the applicable Swingline Lender resigns as the Swingline Lender, it shall retain all the rights of the Swingline Lender provided for hereunder with respect to Swingline Loans made by it and outstanding as of the effective date of such resignation, including the right to require the Lenders to make Base Rate Loans or fund risk participations in outstanding Swingline Loans pursuant to Section 2.04(c). Upon the appointment of a successor L/C Issuer and/or Swingline Lender, (A) such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring L/C Issuer or Swingline Lender, as the case may be, and (B) the successor L/C Issuer shall issue letters of credit in substitution for the Letters of Credit, if any, outstanding at the time of such succession or make other arrangements satisfactory to the applicable retiring L/C Issuer to effectively assume the obligations of the applicable retiring L/C Issuer with respect to such Letters of Credit. 11.07 Treatment of Certain Information; Confidentiality. (a) Treatment of Certain Information. Each of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers agrees to maintain the confidentiality of the Information (as defined below), except that Information may be disclosed (i) to its Affiliates, its auditors, in the case of the Administrative Agent, its Related Parties and in the case of a Lender, its Related Parties who need to know such information in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby or are otherwise actively involved in the provision of banking services requested by Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries (it being understood that the Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such Information and instructed to keep such Information confidential), (ii) to the extent required or requested by any regulatory authority having jurisdiction over such Person or its Related Parties (including any self-regulatory authority, such as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners), (iii) to the extent required by Applicable Laws or regulations or by any subpoena or similar legal process (in which case, the Administrative Agent, Lender or L/C Issuer, as applicable, agrees to inform Borrower of such disclosure to the extent not prohibited by Applicable Law), (iv) in connection with the exercise of any remedies hereunder or under any other Loan Document or any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document or the enforcement of rights hereunder or thereunder, (v) subject to an agreement containing provisions substantially the same as those of this Section 11.07, to (A) any assignee of or Participant in, or any prospective assignee of or Participant in, any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement or any Eligible Assignee invited to be a Lender pursuant to Section 2.16(b) or (B) any actual or prospective party (or its Related Parties) to any swap, derivative or other transaction under which payments are to be made by reference to the Borrower and its obligations, this Agreement or payments hereunder, or prospective assignee or Participant, in reliance on this clause (v), (vi) on a confidential basis to (A) any rating agency in connection with rating the Borrower or its Subsidiaries or the credit facilities provided hereunder or (B) the provider of any Platform or other electronic delivery service used by the Administrative Agent, any L/C Issuer and/or the Swingline Lender to deliver the Borrower Materials or notices to the Lenders or (vii) the CUSIP Service Bureau or any similar agency in connection with the application, issuance,


 
151 #4869-8209-4807v13 publishing and monitoring of CUSIP numbers or other market identifiers with respect to the credit facilities provided hereunder, or (viii) with the consent of the Borrower or to the extent such Information (ix) becomes publicly available other than as a result of a breach of this Section 11.07, (x) becomes available to the Administrative Agent, any Lender, any L/C Issuer or any of their respective Affiliates on a nonconfidential basis from a source other than the Borrower or its Subsidiaries or (xi) is independently discovered or developed by a party hereto without utilizing any Information received from the Borrower or its Subsidiaries or violating the terms of this Section 11.07. For purposes of this Section 11.07, “Information” means all information received from the Borrower or any Subsidiary relating to the Borrower or any Subsidiary or any of their respective businesses, other than any such information that is available to the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any L/C Issuer on a nonconfidential basis prior to disclosure by the Borrower or any Subsidiary. Any Person required to maintain the confidentiality of Information as provided in this Section 11.07 shall be considered to have complied with its obligation to do so if such Person has exercised the same degree of care to maintain the confidentiality of such Information as such Person would accord to its own confidential information. In addition, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may disclose the existence of this Agreement and information about this Agreement to market data collectors, similar service providers to the lending industry and service providers to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders in connection with the administration of this Agreement, the other Loan Documents and the Commitments. (b) Non-Public Information. Each of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuers acknowledges that (i) the Information may include material non-public information concerning a Loan Party or a Subsidiary, as the case may be, (ii) it has developed compliance procedures regarding the use of material non-public information and (iii) it will handle such material non-public information in accordance with Applicable Law, including United States federal and state securities Laws. (c) Press Releases. The Loan Parties and their Affiliates agree that they will not in the future issue any press releases or other public disclosure using the name of the Administrative Agent or any Lender or their respective Affiliates or referring to this Agreement or any of the Loan Documents without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent, unless (and only to the extent that) the Loan Parties or such Affiliate is required to do so under law and then, in any event the Loan Parties or such Affiliate will consult with such Person before issuing such press release or other public disclosure. (d) Customary Advertising Material. The Loan Parties consent to the publication by the Administrative Agent or any Lender of customary advertising material relating to the transactions contemplated hereby using the name, product photographs, logo or trademark of the Loan Parties. 11.08 Right of Setoff. If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, each Lender, each L/C Issuer and each of their respective Affiliates is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, after obtaining the prior written consent of the Required Lenders and the Administrative Agent, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law to set off and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final, in whatever currency) at any time held and other obligations (in whatever currency) at any time owing by such Lender, such L/C Issuer or any such Affiliate to or for the credit or the account of the Borrower or any other Loan Party against any and all of the obligations of the Borrower or such Loan Party now or hereafter existing under this Agreement or any other Loan Document to such Lender, such L/C Issuer or such Affiliates, irrespective of whether or not such Lender, such L/C Issuer or Affiliate shall 152 #4869-8209-4807v13 have made any demand under this Agreement or any other Loan Document and although such obligations of the Borrower or such Loan Party may be contingent or unmatured, secured or unsecured, or are owed to a branch, office or Affiliate of such Lender or such L/C Issuer different from the branch, office or Affiliate holding such deposit or obligated on such indebtedness; provided that in the event that any Defaulting Lender shall exercise any such right of setoff, (a) all amounts so set off shall be paid over immediately to the Administrative Agent for further application in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.15 and, pending such payment, shall be segregated by such Defaulting Lender from its other funds and deemed held in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuers and the Lenders, and (b) the Defaulting Lender shall provide promptly to the Administrative Agent a statement describing in reasonable detail the Secured Obligations owing to such Defaulting Lender as to which it exercised such right of setoff. The rights of each Lender, each L/C Issuer and their respective Affiliates under this Section 11.08 are in addition to other rights and remedies (including other rights of setoff) that such Lender, such L/C Issuer or their respective Affiliates may have under Applicable Law. Each Lender and such L/C Issuer agrees to notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent promptly after any such setoff and application, provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such setoff and application. 11.09 Interest Rate Limitation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any Loan Document, the interest paid or agreed to be paid under the Loan Documents shall not exceed the maximum rate of non-usurious interest permitted by Applicable Law (the “Maximum Rate”). If the Administrative Agent or any Lender shall receive interest in an amount that exceeds the Maximum Rate, the excess interest shall be applied to the principal of the Loans or, if it exceeds such unpaid principal, refunded to the Borrower. In determining whether the interest contracted for, charged, or received by the Administrative Agent or a Lender exceeds the Maximum Rate, such Person may, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, (a) characterize any payment that is not principal as an expense, fee, or premium rather than interest, (b) exclude voluntary prepayments and the effects thereof, and (c) amortize, prorate, allocate, and spread in equal or unequal parts the total amount of interest throughout the contemplated term of the Obligations hereunder. 11.10 Integration; Effectiveness. This Agreement, the other Loan Documents, and any separate letter agreements with respect to fees payable to the Administrative Agent or any L/C Issuer, constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof. Except as provided in Section 4.01, this Agreement shall become effective when it shall have been executed by the Administrative Agent and when the Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts hereof that, when taken together, bear the signatures of each of the other parties hereto, and thereafter shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successor and assigns. 11.11 Survival of Representations and Warranties. All representations and warranties made hereunder and in any other Loan Document or other document delivered pursuant hereto or thereto or in connection herewith or therewith shall survive the execution and delivery hereof and thereof. Such representations and warranties have been or will be relied upon by the Administrative Agent and each Lender, regardless of any investigation made by the Administrative Agent or any Lender or on their behalf and notwithstanding that the Administrative Agent or any Lender may have had notice or knowledge of any Default at the time of any Credit Extension, and shall continue in full force and effect as long as any Loan or any other Obligation hereunder shall remain unpaid or unsatisfied or any Letter of Credit shall remain outstanding. 153 #4869-8209-4807v13 11.12 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, (a) the legality, validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall not be affected or impaired thereby and (b) the parties shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions. The invalidity of a provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. Without limiting the foregoing provisions of this Section 11.12, if and to the extent that the enforceability of any provisions in this Agreement relating to Defaulting Lenders shall be limited by Debtor Relief Laws, as determined in good faith by the Administrative Agent, any L/C Issuer or the Swingline Lender, as applicable, then such provisions shall be deemed to be in effect only to the extent not so limited. 11.13 Replacement of Lenders. (a) If the Borrower is entitled to replace a Lender pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.06, or if any Lender is a Defaulting Lender or a Non-Consenting Lender or if any other circumstance exists hereunder that gives the Borrower the right to replace a Lender as a party hereto, then the Borrower may, at its sole expense and effort, upon notice to such Lender and the Administrative Agent, require such Lender to assign and delegate, without recourse (in accordance with and subject to the restrictions contained in, and consents required by, Section 11.06), all of its interests, rights (other than its existing rights to payments pursuant to Sections 3.01 and 3.04) and obligations under this Agreement and the related Loan Documents to an Eligible Assignee that shall assume such obligations (which assignee may be another Lender, if a Lender accepts such assignment), provided that: (i) the Borrower shall have paid to the Administrative Agent the assignment fee (if any) specified in Section 11.06(b); (ii) such Lender shall have received payment of an amount equal to 100% of the outstanding principal of its Loans and L/C Advances, accrued interest thereon, accrued fees and all other amounts payable to it hereunder and under the other Loan Documents (including any amounts under Section 3.05) from the assignee (to the extent of such outstanding principal and accrued interest and fees) or the Borrower (in the case of all other amounts); (iii) in the case of any such assignment resulting from a claim for compensation under Section 3.04 or payments required to be made pursuant to Section 3.01, such assignment will result in a reduction in such compensation or payments thereafter; (iv) such assignment does not conflict with Applicable Laws; and (v) in the case of an assignment resulting from a Lender becoming a Non- Consenting Lender, the applicable assignee shall have consented to the applicable amendment, waiver or consent. (b) A Lender shall not be required to make any such assignment or delegation if, prior thereto, as a result of a waiver by such Lender or otherwise, the circumstances entitling the Borrower to require such assignment and delegation cease to apply. 154 #4869-8209-4807v13 (c) Each party hereto agrees that (i) an assignment required pursuant to this Section 11.13 may be effected pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption executed by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the assignee and (ii) the Lender required to make such assignment need not be a party thereto in order for such assignment to be effective and shall be deemed to have consented to an be bound by the terms thereof; provided, that, following the effectiveness of any such assignment, the other parties to such assignment agree to execute and deliver such documents necessary to evidence such assignment as reasonably requested by the applicable Lender, provided further that any such documents shall be without recourse to or warranty by the parties thereto. (d) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 11.13 to the contrary, (A) any Lender that acts as an L/C Issuer may not be replaced hereunder at any time it has any Letter of Credit outstanding hereunder unless arrangements satisfactory to such Lender (including the furnishing of a backstop standby letter of credit in form and substance, and issued by an issuer, reasonably satisfactory to such L/C Issuer or the depositing of Cash Collateral into a Cash Collateral account in amounts and pursuant to arrangements reasonably satisfactory to such L/C Issuer) have been made with respect to such outstanding Letter of Credit and (B) the Lender that acts as the Administrative Agent may not be replaced hereunder except in accordance with the terms of Section 9.06. 11.14 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Etc. (a) GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS (EXCEPT, AS TO ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT, AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH THEREIN) AND ANY CLAIMS, CONTROVERSY, DISPUTE OR CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR TORT OR OTHERWISE) BASED UPON, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT (EXCEPT, AS TO ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT, AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH THEREIN) AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY AND THEREBY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. (b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION. EACH OF THE PARTIES IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT COMMENCE ANY ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING OF ANY KIND OR DESCRIPTION, WHETHER IN LAW OR EQUITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR IN TORT OR OTHERWISE, AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, OR ANY RELATED PARTY OF THE FOREGOING IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS RELATING HERETO OR THERETO, IN ANY FORUM OTHER THAN THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SITTING IN NEW YORK COUNTY AND OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT OF THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS AND AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH NEW YORK STATE COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT OR IN ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ANY


 
155 #4869-8209-4807v13 LENDER OR ANY L/C ISSUER MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT AGAINST THE BORROWER OR ANY OTHER LOAN PARTY OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION TO COLLECT THE OBLIGATIONS, TO REALIZE ON THE COLLATERAL OR ANY OTHER SECURITY FOR THE OBLIGATIONS, OR TO ENFORCE A JUDGMENT OR OTHER COURT ORDER IN FAVOR OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, SUCH LENDER OR SUCH L/C ISSUER. (c) WAIVER OF VENUE. EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN CLAUSE (b) OF THIS SECTION 11.14. EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT. (d) SERVICE OF PROCESS. EACH PARTY HERETO IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO SERVICE OF PROCESS IN THE MANNER PROVIDED FOR NOTICES IN SECTION 11.02. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT WILL AFFECT THE RIGHT OF ANY PARTY HERETO TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY OTHER MANNER PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. 11.15 Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (a) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (b) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 11.15. 11.16 Subordination. To the extent required by the terms of this Section 11.16, each Loan Party (a “Subordinating Loan Party”) hereby subordinates the payment of all obligations and indebtedness of any other Loan Party owing to it, whether now existing or hereafter arising, including but not limited to any obligation of any such other Loan Party to the Subordinating Loan Party as subrogee of the Secured Parties or resulting from such Subordinating Loan Party’s performance under this Guaranty, to the indefeasible payment in full in cash of all Obligations. After the occurrence of any Event of Default and during the continuation thereof, if the Administrative Agent acting at the direction of the Required Lenders so requests or otherwise if required in accordance with the express terms of any subordination agreement benefitting the Obligations applicable thereto, any such obligation or indebtedness of any such other Loan Party to the Subordinating Loan Party shall be enforced and performance received by the Subordinating Loan Party as trustee for the Secured 156 #4869-8209-4807v13 Parties and the proceeds thereof shall be paid over to the Secured Parties on account of the Secured Obligations for application in accordance with Section 8.03, but without reducing or affecting in any manner the liability of the Subordinating Loan Party under this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, so long as no Default has occurred and is continuing, the Loan Parties may make and receive payments with respect to obligations and indebtedness of any other Loan Party ; provided, that in the event that any Loan Party receives any payment of any obligations and indebtedness of any other Loan Party at a time when such payment is prohibited by this Section 11.16, such payment shall be held by such Loan Party, in trust for the benefit of, and shall be paid forthwith over and delivered, upon written request, to the Administrative Agent. 11.17 No Advisory or Fiduciary Responsibility. In connection with all aspects of each transaction contemplated hereby (including in connection with any amendment, waiver or other modification hereof or of any other Loan Document), the Borrower and each other Loan Party acknowledges and agrees, and acknowledges its Affiliates’ understanding, that: (a) (i) the arranging and other services regarding this Agreement provided by the Administrative Agent, the Arranger and the Lenders and their respective Affiliates are arm’s-length commercial transactions between the Borrower, each other Loan Party and their respective Affiliates, on the one hand, and the Administrative Agent, the Arranger and the Lenders and their respective Affiliates, on the other hand, (ii) each of the Borrower and the other Loan Parties has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate, and (iii) the Borrower and each other Loan Party is capable of evaluating, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the other Loan Documents; (b) (i) the Administrative Agent, the Arranger and each Lender and each of their respective Affiliates each is and has been acting solely as a principal and, except as expressly agreed in writing by the relevant parties, has not been, is not, and will not be acting as an advisor, agent or fiduciary, for the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any of their respective Affiliates, or any other Person and (ii) neither the Administrative Agent, the Arranger, nor any Lender nor any of their respective Affiliates has any obligation to the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any of their respective Affiliates with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby except those obligations expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents; and (c) the Administrative Agent, the Arranger and the Lenders and their respective Affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Borrower, the other Loan Parties and their respective Affiliates, and neither the Administrative Agent, the Arranger, nor any Lender nor any of their respective Affiliates has any obligation to disclose any of such interests to the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any of their respective Affiliates. To the fullest extent permitted by law, each of the Borrower and each other Loan Party hereby waives and releases any claims that it may have against the Administrative Agent, the Arranger, the Lenders and their respective Affiliates with respect to any breach or alleged breach of agency or fiduciary duty in connection with any aspect of any transactions contemplated hereby. 11.18 Electronic Execution; Electronic Records; Counterparts. This Agreement, any Loan Document and any other Communication, including Communications required to be in writing, may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures. Each of the Loan Parties and each of the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer, the Swingline Lender, and each Lender (collectively, each a “Credit Party”) agrees that any Electronic Signature on or associated with any Communication shall be valid and binding on such Person to the same extent as a manual, original signature, and that any Communication entered into by Electronic Signature, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of such Person enforceable against such Person in accordance with the terms thereof to the same extent as if a manually executed original signature was delivered. Any Communication may be executed in as many counterparts as necessary or convenient, including both paper and electronic counterparts, but all such counterparts are one and the same 157 #4869-8209-4807v13 Communication. For the avoidance of doubt, the authorization under this paragraph may include use or acceptance of a manually signed paper Communication which has been converted into electronic form (such as scanned into PDF format), or an electronically signed Communication converted into another format, for transmission, delivery and/or retention. The Administrative Agent and each of the Credit Parties may, at its option, create one or more copies of any Communication in the form of an imaged Electronic Record (“Electronic Copy”), which shall be deemed created in the ordinary course of such Person’s business, and destroy the original paper document. All Communications in the form of an Electronic Record, including an Electronic Copy, shall be considered an original for all purposes, and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, neither the Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer nor Swingline Lender is under any obligation to accept an Electronic Signature in any form or in any format unless expressly agreed to by such Person pursuant to procedures approved by it; provided, further, without limiting the foregoing, (a) to the extent the Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and/or Swingline Lender has agreed to accept such Electronic Signature, the Administrative Agent and each of the Credit Parties shall be entitled to rely on any such Electronic Signature purportedly given by or on behalf of any Loan Party and/or any Credit Party without further verification and (b) upon the request of the Administrative Agent or any Credit Party, any Electronic Signature shall be promptly followed by such manually executed counterpart. For purposes hereof, “Electronic Record” and “Electronic Signature” shall have the meanings assigned to them, respectively, by 15 USC §7006, as it may be amended from time to time. None of the Administrative Agent, any L/C Issuer nor the Swingline Lender shall be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into the sufficiency, validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of any Loan Document or any other agreement, instrument or document (including, for the avoidance of doubt, in connection with the Administrative Agent’s, such L/C Issuer’s or the Swingline Lender’s reliance on any Electronic Signature transmitted by telecopy, emailed .pdf or any other electronic means). The Administrative Agent, each L/C Issuer and the Swingline Lender shall be entitled to rely on, and shall incur no liability under or in respect of this Agreement or any other Loan Document by acting upon, any Communication (which writing may be a fax, any electronic message, Internet or intranet website posting or other distribution or signed using an Electronic Signature) or any statement made to it orally or by telephone and believed by it to be genuine and signed or sent or otherwise authenticated (whether or not such Person in fact meets the requirements set forth in the Loan Documents for being the maker thereof). Each of the Loan Parties and each Credit Party hereby waives (i) any argument, defense or right to contest the legal effect, validity or enforceability of this Agreement, any other Loan Document based solely on the lack of paper original copies of this Agreement, such other Loan Document, and (ii) waives any claim against the Administrative Agent, each Credit Party and each Related Party for any liabilities arising solely from the Administrative Agent’s and/or any Credit Party’s reliance on or use of Electronic Signatures, including any liabilities arising as a result of the failure of the Loan Parties to use any available security measures in connection with the execution, delivery or transmission of any Electronic Signature. Each of the parties hereto represents and warrants to the other parties that it has the corporate capacity and authority to execute this Agreement and any other Communication through electronic means and there are no restrictions on doing so in that party’s constitutive documents. 11.19 USA Patriot Act Notice. Each Lender that is subject to the Patriot Act and the Administrative Agent (for itself and not on behalf of any Lender) hereby notifies the Borrower and the other Loan Parties that pursuant to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107–56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)) (the “Patriot Act”), it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies the Borrower and each other Loan Party, which information includes the name and address of the Borrower and each other 158 #4869-8209-4807v13 Loan Party and other information that will allow such Lender or the Administrative Agent, as applicable, to identify the Borrower and each other Loan Party in accordance with the Patriot Act. The Borrower and each other Loan Party shall, promptly following a request by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, provide all such other documentation and information that the Administrative Agent or such Lender requests in order to comply with its ongoing obligations under applicable “know your customer” and anti- money laundering rules and regulations, including the Patriot Act. 11.20 Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of Affected Financial Institutions. Solely to the extent any Lender or L/C Issuer that is an Affected Financial Institution is a party to this Agreement and notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Loan Document or in any other agreement, arrangement or understanding among any such parties, each party hereto acknowledges that any liability of any Lender or L/C Issuer that is an Affected Financial Institution arising under any Loan Document, to the extent such liability is unsecured, may be subject to the Write-Down and Conversion Powers of an Affected Resolution Authority and agrees and consents to, and acknowledges and agrees to be bound by: (a) the application of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by the applicable Resolution Authority to any such liabilities arising hereunder which may be payable to it by any Lender or L/C Issuer that is an Affected Financial Institution; and (b) the effects of any Bail-In Action on any such liability, including, if applicable: (i) a reduction in full or in part or cancellation of any such liability; (ii) a conversion of all, or a portion of, such liability into shares or other instruments of ownership in such Affected Financial Institution, its parent undertaking, or a bridge institution that may be issued to it or otherwise conferred on it, and that such shares or other instruments of ownership will be accepted by it in lieu of any rights with respect to any such liability under this Agreement or any other Loan Document; or (iii) the variation of the terms of such liability in connection with the exercise of the Write-Down and Conversion Powers of the applicable Resolution Authority. 11.21 Acknowledgement Regarding Any Supported QFCs. To the extent that the Loan Documents provide support, through a guarantee or otherwise, for any Swap Contract or any other agreement or instrument that is a QFC (such support, “QFC Credit Support”, and each such QFC, a “Supported QFC”), the parties acknowledge and agree as follows with respect to the resolution power of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (together with the regulations promulgated thereunder, the “U.S. Special Resolution Regimes”) in respect of such Supported QFC and QFC Credit Support (with the provisions below applicable notwithstanding that the Loan Documents and any Supported QFC may in fact be stated to be governed by the laws of the State of New York and/or of the United States or any other state of the United States): In the event a Covered Entity that is party to a Supported QFC (each, a “Covered Party”) becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer of such Supported QFC and the benefit of such QFC Credit Support (and any interest and obligation in or under such Supported QFC and such QFC Credit Support, and any rights in property securing such Supported QFC or such QFC Credit Support) from such Covered Party will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if the Supported QFC and such QFC Credit Support (and any such interest, obligation and rights in property)


 
159 #4869-8209-4807v13 were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. In the event a Covered Party or a BHC Act Affiliate of a Covered Party becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under the Loan Documents that might otherwise apply to such Supported QFC or any QFC Credit Support that may be exercised against such Covered Party are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if the Supported QFC and the Loan Documents were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. Without limitation of the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that rights and remedies of the parties with respect to a Defaulting Lender shall in no event affect the rights of any Covered Party with respect to a Supported QFC or any QFC Credit Support. [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.] -Signature Page- Credit Agreement IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written. BORROWER: WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware Corporation By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Executive Vice President -Signature Page- Credit Agreement GUARANTORS: WILLIS AERONAUTICAL SERVICES, INC., a Delaware corporation By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Senior Vice President COCONUT CREEK AVIATION ASSETS LLC, a Delaware limited liability company By: WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation Its Sole Member By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Executive Vice President WILLIS LEASE MARINE LLC, a company registered in the Cayman Islands as a Limited Liability Company, By: WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation Its sole manager By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Executive Vice President WILLIS ASSET MANAGEMENT LIMITED, an English private company limited by shares By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Director -Signature Page- Credit Agreement WILLIS AVIATION SERVICES LIMITED, an English private company limited by shares By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Director


 
-Signature Page- Credit Agreement BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as the Administrative Agent By: /s/ Rose Thomas Name: Rose Thomas Title: Assistant Vice President -Signature Page- Credit Agreement BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as a Lender, L/C Issuer and Swingline Lender By: /s/ Jason Eshler Name: Jason Eshler Title: SVP -Signature Page- Credit Agreement LENDERS: APPLE BANK, as a Lender By: /s/ Sonda Rowland Name: Sonda Rowland Title: Senior Vice President -Signature Page- Credit Agreement BANKUNITED, N.A., as a Lender By: /s/ Amishi Patel Name: Amishi Patel Title: Senior Vice President


 
-Signature Page- Credit Agreement BNP PARIBAS, as a Lender By: /s/ Robert Papas Name: Robert Papas Title: Managing Director By: /s/ Bradley Goodenough Name: Bradley Goodenough Title: Vice President -Signature Page- Credit Agreement CITY NATIONAL BANK, as a Lender By: /s/ Stephanie Leimbach Name: Stephanie Leimbach Title: Vice President -Signature Page- Credit Agreement CREDIT AGRICOLE CORPORATE AND INVESTMENT BANK, as a Lender By: /s/ Brian Bolotin Name: Brian Bolotin Title: Managing Director By: /s/ Cecilia Park Name: Cecilia Park Title: Managing Director -Signature Page- Credit Agreement FIRST-CITIZENS BANK & TRUST COMPANY, as a Lender By: /s/ Brian Miner Name: Brian Miner Title: Managing Director


 
-Signature Page- Credit Agreement HSBC BANK USA, N.A., as a Lender By: /s/ Michael P Righi Name: Michael P Righi Title: Managing Director -Signature Page- Credit Agreement THE HUNTINGTON NATIONAL BANK, as a Lender By: /s/ Rochelle Thomas Name: Rochelle Thomas Title: Authorized Signer -Signature Page- Credit Agreement MUFG BANK, LTD., as a Lender By: /s/ Aqmar Chowdhury Name: Aqmar Chowdhury Title: Director -Signature Page- Credit Agreement PNC BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as a Lender By: /s/ Samreen Fatima Name: Samreen Fatima Title: Vice President


 
-Signature Page- Credit Agreement U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as a Lender By: /s/ Jimmy Valdiviezo Name: Jimmy Valdiviezo Title: Vice President -Signature Page- Credit Agreement WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A., as a Lender By: /s/ Matthew Stuart Name: Matthew Stuart Title: Vice President Schedule 1.01(c) 4888-1317-3471.v8 Schedule 1.01(c) Competitors 1. AAR Corp; 2. AerCap Holdings N.V.; 3. AerFin Limited; 4. Aergo Capital Limited; 5. Aero Capital Solutions, Inc.; 6. AerSale; 7. Aircastle Advisor LLC; 8. Air Lease Corporation; 9. Airtrails GmbH; 10. Altavair; 11. Alterna Capital; 12. Apollo Aviation Group; 13. Aviation Capital Group (including Boullioun Aviation Services); 14. Apollo Global Management (including Merx Aviation, Perseus Aviation, and PK Airfinance); 15. Avolon Aviation Capital; 16. Azorra; 17. Banc of America Leasing; 18. Barings; 19. BBAM/ONEX; 20. Beautech Power Systems; 21. Bohai Leasing Co., Limited; 22. Brigade; 23. CALC; 24. Carlyle Aviation Partners; 25. Carval Investors; 26. Castlelake, LP; 27. CDB Leasing; 28. Tokyo Century Leasing; 29. Cerberus Capital Management; 30. Cheung Kong Holdings; 31. CMIG Leasing; 32. CMB Leasing; 33. Compass; 34. Deucalion; 35. Engine Lease Finance Corporation; 36. Erste; 37. FALKO Regional Aircraft; 38. Fly Leasing; 39. Fortress Investments (including FTAI); 40. GA Telesis; 41. GATX; 42. GOAL Leasing; 43. Griffin Global Asset Management; 44. High Ridge Aviation; 45. ICBC Leasing; 46. Infinity Aviation; 47. Investec Aviation Finance; 48. ITOCHU; 49. Jackson Square Aviation; 50. Jetstream Aviation Capital; 51. Jet Trading and Leasing; 52. Lease Corporation International; 53. Macquarie AirFinance; 54. Magellan Aviation; 55. MC Aviation Partners Inc.; 56. Nordic Aviation (including Jetscape); 57. Novus Aviation; 58. Oaktree; 59. Oak Hill; 60. Orix Aviation; 61. Pacific Airfinance; 62. Perot/Petrus; 63. Phoenix Aircraft Leasing; 64. Pratt & Whitney, UT Capital; 65. Q Aviation; 66. Rolls Royce; 67. Santos Dumont; 68. Sky Aero Management Limited; 69. Sky Leasing, LLC; 70. SkyWorks; 71. SMBC Aero Engine Lease; 72. SMBC Aviation Capital; 73. ST Aero; 74. Total Engine Asset Management Pte Ltd; 75. Varde Partners; 76. Volito; 77. Volvo Aero Services; 78. Wayzata Investment Management; 79. Wings Capital Partners; 80. WorldStar Aviation; or 81. Zephryus. Schedule 5.09 Environmental Matters None. Schedule 5.09 4888-1317-3471.v8 edule . 9 - - . edule . 9 nvir nmental atters one.


 
Schedule 5.12 Pension Plans None. Schedule 5.12 4888-1317-3471.v8 edule . 2 - - . Schedule 5.12 nsion l ns one. Schedule 5.19(a) 4888-1317-3471.v8 Schedule 5.19(a) Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures, Partnerships and Other Equity Investments Part I – Restricted Subsidiaries Restricted Subsidiaries State or Jurisdiction of Incorporation Willis Lease Finance Corporation Delaware; corporation Willis Aeronautical Services, Inc. Delaware: corporation Coconut Creek Aviation Assets LLC Delaware; limited liability company Willis Lease Marine LLC Cayman Islands; limited liability company Willis Asset Management Limited England and Wales; private company limited by shares Bridgend Asset Management Limited England and Wales; private company limited by shares Willis Aviation Services Limited England and Wales; private company limited by shares Willis Lease (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland; company limited by shares WLFC (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland; private company limited by shares Willis Lease Finance India IFSC Pvt. Ltd. India; private company limited by shares Willis Lease France France; Société par actions simplifiées (SAS) WEST Engine Funding LLC Delaware; limited liability company Schedule 5.19(a) 4888-1317-3471.v8 Part II – Excluded Subsidiaries Excluded Subsidiaries State or Jurisdiction of Incorporation Facility Engine Acquisition LLC Delaware; limited liability company WEST Engine Acquisition LLC Delaware; limited liability company WLFC Funding (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland; company limited by shares Willis Lease Finance (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland; private company limited by shares Willis Lease Singapore Pte. Ltd. Rep. of Singapore; private company limited by shares Willis Engine Structured Trust III Delaware; business trust WEST III France France; Société á responsabilité limitée WEST III Engines (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland; private company limited by shares Willis Engine Structured Trust IV Delaware; business trust WEST IV France France; Société á responsabilité limitée WEST IV Engines (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland; private company limited by shares Willis Engine Structured Trust V Delaware; business trust WEST V Engines (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland; private company limited by shares WEST V France France; Société á responsabilité limitée Willis Engine Structured Trust VI Delaware; business trust WEST VI Assets Corporation Delaware corporation WEST VI Engines (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland; private company limited by shares Willis Engine Structured Trust VII Delaware; business trust Willis Sustainable Fuels (UK) Limited England and Wales; private company limited by shares Willis Aviation Finance LLC Delaware; limited liability company Willis Lease Machinery (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. China; private company limited by shares Willis Warehouse Facility LLC Delaware; limited liability company Part III – Joint Ventures, Partnerships and Other Equity Investments Joint Ventures, Partnerships and Other Equity Investments State or Jurisdiction of Incorporation Carbonshift LLC Delaware Willis Mitsui & Co Engine Support Limited Rep. of Ireland CASC Willis Lease Finance Company Limited | China Schedule 5.19(a) 4888-1317-3471.v8 edule . 9(a) - - . int entures, rt erships d ther quity st ents t te r risdicti n f r oration arbonshift C ela are illis itsui o ngine pport i ited ep. f d SC illis ease i nce pany i ited hina


 
Schedule 5.19(b) 4888-1317-3471.v8 Schedule 5.19(b) Loan Parties Legal Name Former Names Jurisdiction Type of Organization Address of Chief Executive Office Address of Principal Place of Business US Federal Taxpayer Identification Number Organization Identification Number Willis Lease Finance Corporation N/A Delaware Corporation 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway, Coconut Creek, Florida 33073, USA 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway, Coconut Creek, Florida 33073, USA 68-0070656 20197003089 Willis Aeronautical Services, Inc. N/A Delaware Corporation 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway, Coconut Creek, Florida 33073, USA 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway, Coconut Creek, Florida 33073, USA 37-1743227 131229187 Coconut Creek Aviation Assets LLC N/A Delaware Limited Liability Company 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway, Coconut Creek, Florida 33073, USA 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway, Coconut Creek, Florida 33073, USA 82-3649075 20177250526 Willis Lease Marine LLC N/A Cayman Islands Limited Liability Company 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway, Coconut Creek, Florida 33073, USA 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway, Coconut Creek, Florida 33073, USA N/A HA-2044 Willis Asset Management Limited N/A England and Wales Private Company Limited by Shares Aviation House, Brocastle Avenue, Waterton Industrial Estate, Bridgend, CF313XR Wales, UK Aviation House, Brocastle Avenue, Waterton Industrial Estate, Bridgend, CF313XR Wales, UK N/A 10438325 Schedule 5.19(b) 4888-1317-3471.v8 Legal Name Former Names Jurisdiction Type of Organization Address of Chief Executive Office Address of Principal Place of Business US Federal Taxpayer Identification Number Organization Identification Number Willis Aviation Services Limited N/A England and Wales Private Company Limited by Shares Teesside International Airport, Hangar 2, Darlington, Tees Valley, DL2 1NJ, UK Teesside International Airport, Hangar 2, Darlington, Tees Valley, DL2 1NJ, UK N/A 14002276 Schedule 5.20(b) 4888-1317-3471.v8 Schedule 5.20(b) Pledged Equity Owner of Equity Interests Company Entity State or Jurisdiction of Incorporation Number of Shares of Each Class of Equity Interest Pledged Percentage of Equity Interests Pledged Class of Equity Interests (i.e., voting, non-voting, preferred, etc.) Certificate Number Willis Lease Finance Corporation Willis Aeronautical Services, Inc. Delaware: corporation 1000 100% Common Shares No. 2 Willis Lease Finance Corporation Coconut Creek Aviation Assets LLC Delaware; limited liability company N/A 100% Membership Interest N/A Willis Lease Finance Corporation Willis Lease Marine LLC Cayman Islands; limited liability company N/A 65% Membership Interest N/A Willis Lease Finance Corporation Willis Asset Management Limited England and Wales; private company limited by shares 1 1% Ordinary Shares No. 5 Willis Lease Finance Corporation Willis Asset Management Limited England and Wales; private company limited by shares 64 64% Ordinary Shares No. 3 Willis Lease Finance Corporation Willis Aviation Services Limited England and Wales; private company limited by shares 1 1% Ordinary Shares No. 2 Willis Lease Finance Corporation Willis Aviation Services Limited England and Wales; private company limited by shares 64 64% Ordinary Shares No. 3 Schedule 5.20(c) Specified Real Properties Loan Party Address Coconut Creek Aviation Assets LLC 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway Coconut Creek, Broward County, FL 33073 Willis Asset Management Limited Aviation House, Brocastle Avenue Waterton Industrial Estate Bridgend, Wales, United Kingdom CF31 3XR Schedule 5.20(c) 4888-1317-3471.v8 - 7-3471.v edule 5.20(c) 8 31 . 8 edule . 0(c) ecified eal r perties oan arty dre s oconut reek viati n sets C 00 yons echnology ay oconut r ek, r ard ounty, 073 illis set anagement i ited viation ouse, rocastle venue aterton ustrial state ri gend, ales, nited i F31 R


 
Schedule 5.27 4888-1317-3471.v8 Schedule 5.27 Depreciation Policies Based on specific aspects of the equipment, the Borrower generally depreciates engines on a straight-line basis over a 15-year period from the acquisition date to a 55% residual value. This methodology is believed to accurately reflect the Borrower’s typical holding period for the engine assets and, that the residual value assumption reasonably approximates the selling price of the assets 15 years from date of acquisition. The typical 15 year holding period is the estimated useful life of the Borrower’s engines based on its business model and plans and represents how long the Borrower anticipates holding a newly acquired engine. The technical useful life of a new engine can be in excess of 25 years. The Borrower reviews the useful life and residual values of all engines periodically as demand changes to accurately depreciate the cost of equipment over the useful life of the engines. The aircraft and airframes owned by the Borrower are depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 13 to 20 years to a 15% to 17% residual value. The marine vessel owned by Willis Lease Marine LLC is depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 18 years to a 15% residual value. The other leased parts and related equipment owned by the Borrower are depreciated on a straight- line basis over an estimated useful life of 14 to 15 years to a 25% residual value. The useful life of older generation engines and aircraft may be significantly less based upon the technical status of the engine, as well as supply and demand factors. For these older generation engines and aircraft, the remaining useful life and the remaining expected holding period are typically the same. For older generation engines or aircraft that are unlikely to be repaired at the end of the current expected useful lives, the Company depreciates the engines or aircraft over their estimated lives to a residual value based on an estimate of the wholesale value of the parts after disassembly. The Borrower reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Impairment is identified by review of appraisals or by comparison of undiscounted forecasted cash flows, including estimated sales proceeds, over the life of the asset with the assets’ book value. If the forecasted undiscounted cash flows are less than the book value, the asset is written down to its fair value. Fair value is determined per individual asset by reference to independent appraisals, quoted market prices (e.g., an offer to purchase) and other factors considered relevant by the Borrower. The Borrower conducts a formal annual review of the carrying value of long- lived assets and also evaluates assets during the year if a triggering event is identified indicating impairment is possible. Major overhauls paid for by the Borrower (including planned replacement of life limited parts, planned performance restorations, and qualifying unplanned maintenance events), which improve functionality or extend the original useful life, are capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of the estimated period to the next overhaul (“deferral method”) or the remaining useful life of the equipment. The Borrower does not accrue for planned major maintenance. For equipment which is unlikely to be repaired at the end of its current expected life, and is likely to be disassembled upon lease termination, the Borrower depreciates the equipment over its estimated life to a residual value based on an estimate of the wholesale value of the parts after disassembly. If useful lives or residual values are lower than those estimated by the Borrower, upon sale of the equipment, a loss may be realized. Schedule 5.28 Preferred Stock Class of Preferred Amount Issued Owner and ownership Purchase Price Stock percentage Series A Preferred Stock | 3,250,000 shares Development Bank of $20.00/share Japan Inc. 100% Schedule 5.28 4888-1317-3471.v8 edule . 8 - - . Schedule 5.28 r ferred t ck la s f referred t ck ount ed wner d nership centage rchase rice eries r ferred t k , , 00 res evel p ent ank f an c. . 0/share Schedule 5.29 4888-1317-3471.v8 Schedule 5.29 Eligible Engines and Equipment No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 1. 3624 A320-233 WLFC Yes Off Lease 2. 124348 PW124B WLFC No Off Lease 3. 127051 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 4. 127077 PW127M WLFC No Off Lease 5. 127132 PW127M WLFC Yes Binter Technic 6. 129006 PW127M WLFC No Off Lease 7. 311380 AE 3007A1 WLFC Yes Link Conexión Aérea, S.A. de C.V., dba TAR Aerolíneas [in return] 8. 569863 CFM56-5B6/3 WLFC No Off Lease 9. 573520 CFM56-5B3/3 WLFC Yes Air India Limited 10. 697264 CFM56-5B6/P WLFC Yes Air India Limited 11. 697462 CFM56-5B6/3 WLFC Yes Air India Limited 12. 697580 CFM56-5B6/3 WLFC Yes Air India Limited 13. 697741 CFM56-5B3/3 WLFC Yes Air India Limited 14. 697815 CFM56-5B3/3 WLFC Yes Air India Limited Schedule 5.29 4888-1317-3471.v8 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 15. 697824 CFM56-5B3/3 WLFC Yes Off Lease 16. 697831 CFM56-5B6/3 WLFC No Off Lease 17. 697834 CFM56-5B4/3 WLFC Yes Air India Limited 18. 697836 CFM56-5B3/3 WLFC Yes Air India Limited 19. 697996 CFM56-5B6/3 WLFC Yes Air India Limited 20. 699504 CFM56-5B3/3 WLFC No Off Lease 21. 699615 CFM56-5B6/3 WLFC No Off Lease 22. 699626 CFM56-5B6/3 WLFC Yes Air India Limited 23. 699767 CFM56-5B4/3 WLFC No Off Lease 24. 699788 CFM56-5B4/3 WLFC Yes Air India Limited 25. 36640 [802143, 802169] Boeing 737-7H4 [CFM56-7B22/3] WLFC Yes Southwest Airlines Co. 26. 36641 [896966, 896977] Boeing 737-7H4 [CFM56-7B22/3] WLFC Yes Southwest Airlines Co. 27. 36642 [896774, 896846] Boeing 737-7H4 [CFM56-7B22/3] WLFC Yes Southwest Airlines Co. 28. 699 [AV0001, EB0219] ATR 72-500 [PW127F] WLFC No Off Lease 29. 767 [EB0313, EB0208] ATR 72-500 [PW127F] WLFC No Off Lease 30. 919 [AV0009, ED0949] ATR 72-500 [PW127M] WLFC Yes Transportes Aereos Guatemaltecos, Sociedad Anonima


 
Schedule 5.29 4888-1317-3471.v8 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 31. AM0115 PW127M WLFC No Off Lease 32. ED0036 PW127M WLFC Yes Vietnam Airlines JSC 33. ED0227 PW127M WLFC Yes Azul Linhas Aereas Brasileiras, S.A. 34. ED0291 PW127M WLFC Yes Binter Technic 35. ED0311 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 36. ED0321 PW127M WLFC Yes Vietnam Airlines JSC 37. ED0326 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 38. ED0659 PW127M WLFC Yes Binter Technic 39. ED1336 PW127M WLFC Yes Binter Technic 40. ED1350 PW127M WLFC Yes Azul Linhas Aereas Brasileiras, S.A. 41. ED1413 PW127M WLFC Yes Azul Linhas Aereas Brasileiras, S.A. 42. ED1463 PW127M WLFC Yes Azul Linhas Aereas Brasileiras, S.A. 43. ED1503 PW127M WLFC Yes Azul Linhas Aereas Brasileiras S.A. 44. ED1571 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 45. ED1678 PW127M WLFC Yes Interglobe Aviation Limited 46. ED1692 PW127M WLFC Yes Interglobe Aviation Limited Schedule 5.29 4888-1317-3471.v8 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 47. ED1720 PW127M WLFC Yes Interglobe Aviation Limited 48. ED1797 PW127M WLFC Yes Interglobe Aviation Limited 49. ED1843 PW127M WLFC Yes Interglobe Aviation Limited 50. ED1884 PW127M WLFC Yes Interglobe Aviation Limited 51. ED1979 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 52. ED2057 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 53. ED2058 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 54. ED2059 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 55. ED2060 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 56. ED2108 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 57. ED2109 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 58. ED2128 PW127M WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 59. FA0790 PW150A WLFC No Off Lease 60. FA0791 PW150A WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 61. FA0976 PW150A WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 62. FA0977 PW150A WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP Schedule 5.29 4888-1317-3471.v8 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 63. FA0995 PW150A WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 64. FA0996 PW150A WLFC No Off Lease 65. FA1336 PW150A WLFC Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 66. P-1342 APU WLFC Yes Epcor B.V. 67. P-5038 APU WLFC Yes SpiceJet Ltd. [in return] 68. R-2175 APU WLFC Yes Heston Airlines UAB 69. VA0837 PT6A-140 WLFC Yes Azul Conecta Ltda 70. P-5058 APU WLFC No Off Lease 71. P-5417 APU WLFC Yes Epcor B.V. [in return] 72. P-7080 APU WLFC Yes Air Vanuatu (Operations) Limited d/b/a Air Vanuatu [in liquidation] 73. 3408002 QEC Kit WFTC, NA No Off Lease 74. 424641 CF34-10E6 Bank of Utah Yes Azul Linhas Aereas Brasileiras, S.A. 75. 424642 CF34-10E6 Bank of Utah Yes Azul Linhas Aereas Brasileiras, S.A. 76. 424667 CF34-10E7 US Bank N.A. Yes Azul Linhas Aereas Brasileiras, S.A. [in return] 77. 567121 CFM56-5C4 Bank of Utah No Off Lease 78. 567180 CFM56-5C4 Bank of Utah No Off Lease Schedule 5.29 4888-1317-3471.v8 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 79. 567187 CFM56-5C4 Bank of Utah Yes Hi Fly Ltd. 80. 567188 CFM56-5C4 Bank of Utah No Off Lease 81. 567189 CFM56-5C4 Bank of Utah Yes Hi Fly Ltd. 82. 567193 CFM56-5C4 Bank of Utah Yes Hi Fly Ltd. 83. 573260 CFM56-5B4/3 Bank of Utah Yes Air India Limited 84. 575160 CFM56-5B4/P Bank of Utah No Off Lease 85. 575162 CFM56-5B5/P Bank of Utah Yes Air India Limited 86. 575194 CFM56-5B4/P WFTC, NA Yes Air India Limited 87. 575195 CFM56-5B6/P Bank of Utah No Off Lease 88. 575247 CFM56-5B4/P Bank of Utah Yes Air India Limited 89. 577214 CFM56-5B4/P WFTC, NA Yes SR Technics Switzerland Ltd. 90. 577565 CFM56-5B3/3 Bank of Utah No Air India Limited 91. 577899 CFM56-5B6/P Bank of Utah No Off Lease 92. 643131 CFM56-5B4/3 Bank of Utah No Off Lease 93. 643361 CFM56-5B4/3 Bank of Utah Yes Air India Limited 94. 657441 CFM56-7B26E WFTC, NA Yes Quantum Investments Limited [in return]


 
Schedule 5.29 4888-1317-3471.v8 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 95. 697262 CFM56-5B5/P Bank of Utah No Air India Limited 96. 697372 CFM56-5B4/P Bank of Utah Yes Air India Limited 97. 729740 CFM56-5B4/3 Bank of Utah No Off Lease 98. 770242 PW1127GA-JM Bank of Utah Yes International Aero Engines, LLC 99. 770282 PW1127GA-JM Bank of Utah Yes International Aero Engines, LLC 100. 770508 PW1133GA-JM Bank of Utah Yes International Aero Engines, LLC 101. 771747 PW1127GA-JM Bank of Utah Yes JetBlue Airways Corporation 102. 772035 PW1100G-JM Bank of Utah Yes International Aero Engines, LLC 103. 779654 CFM56-5B3/P Bank of Utah Yes GHZ Air 1966 LLC 104. 779665 CFM56-5B3/P Bank of Utah Yes GHZ Air 1966 LLC 105. 779666 CFM56-5B4/P Bank of Utah Yes Air India Limited 106. 801230 PW1133G-JM Bank of Utah Yes VietJet Aviation Joint Stock Company 107. 801268 PW1133G-JM Bank of Utah Yes VietJet Aviation Joint Stock Company 108. 801471 PW1133G-JM Bank of Utah Yes International Aero Engines, LLC 109. 811568 CF6-80E1A4 WFTC, NA Yes KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 110. 865429 CFM56-7B24E WFTC, NA Yes MAB Leasing Limited Schedule 5.29 4888-1317-3471.v8 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 111. 865544 CFM56-7B24E Bank of Utah Yes All Nippon Airways Trading Co. Ltd. 112. 874662 CFM56-7B24 WFTC, NA No Off Lease 113. 874995 CFM56-7B26/3 Bank of Utah Yes MAB Leasing Limited 114. 877198 CFM56-7B26 WFTC, NA No Off Lease 115. 888763 CFM56-7B24 US Bank N.A. No Off Lease 116. 889996 CFM56-7B26 Bank of Utah Yes KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 117. 890967 CFM56-7B22 Bank of Utah Yes SES Shannon Engine Support Ltd 118. 894386 CFM56-7B24 WFTC, NA Yes American Airlines, Inc. 119. 896390 CFM56-7B24 Bank of Utah Yes Air Changan [in return] 120. 960120 CFM56-7B26/3 Bank of Utah Yes KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 121. 994889 CF34-10E7 WFTC, NA Yes Expired lease with LLC «Aircompany «Ikar» 122. 1896 [V10623, V11850] A320-232 [V2527- A5] Bank of Utah Yes SIA “SmartLynx Airlines” 123. 3215 [697244, 697389] A320-214 [CFM56-5B4/P] Bank of Utah Yes SIA “SmartLynx Airlines” 124. 3221 [697390, 697391] A320-214 [CFM56-5B4/P] Bank of Utah Yes SIA “SmartLynx Airlines” 125. FA0278 PW150A Bank of Utah Yes Pratt & Whitney Canada Leasing, LP 126. V10400 V2527-A5 Bank of Utah Yes Heston Airlines UAB Schedule 5.29 4888-1317-3471.v8 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 127. V10432 V2527-A5 Bank of Utah Yes Heston Airlines UAB 128. V10533 V2533-A5 Bank of Utah Yes Vietnam Airlines JSC 129. V11065 V2524-A5 Bank of Utah No Off Lease 130. V11120 V2524-A5 Bank of Utah No Off Lease 131. V11297 V2524-A5 Bank of Utah No Off Lease 132. V11359 V2524-A5 Bank of Utah No Off Lease 133. V11396 V2527-A5 Bank of Utah Yes Heston Airlines UAB 134. V11628 V2527-A5 Bank of Utah No Off Lease 135. V11631 V2527-A5 Bank of Utah No Off Lease 136. V11844 V2527-A5 Bank of Utah Yes Heston Airlines UAB 137. V12334 V2524-A5 Bank of Utah Yes Scandinavian Airlines System Denmark- Norway-Sweden 138. V15346 V2527M-A5 Bank of Utah Yes Vietnam Airlines JSC 139. V15369 V2527M-A5 Bank of Utah Yes Vietnam Airlines JSC 140. V18841 V2533-A5 WFTC, NA Yes American Airlines, Inc. 141. V18845 V2533-A5 WFTC, NA Yes China Southern Airlines Company Limited 142. V18874 V2533-A5 WFTC, NA Yes Vietnam Airlines JSC Schedule 5.29 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 143. V18973 V2527-A5 Bank of Utah Yes Air New Zealand Ltd. 144. V18977 V2527-A5 Bank of Utah Yes Vietnam Airlines JSC 145. 890962 [OT 28262] CFM56-7B26 Bank of Utah No Bradley Air Services Limited (operating as Canadian North) [in return] 146. 577704 [OT 2854] CFM56-5B5/P US Bank N.A. No Off Lease 147. 577706 [OT 2854] CFM56-5B5/P US Bank N.A. No Off Lease 148. 424142 V2524-A5 WASI No Off Lease 149. 567122 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 150. 567123 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 151. 567124 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 152. 567133 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 153. 567136 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 154. 567142 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 155. 567145 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 156. 567157 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 157. 567179 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 158. 567191 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease


 
Schedule 5.29 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 159. 567205 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 160. 697491 CFM56-5B4/3 WASI No Off Lease 161. 703162 CF6-80C2-B4F WASI No Off Lease 162. 706194 CF6-80C2B6F WASI No Off Lease 163. 721655 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 164. 727340 PW4062 WASI No Off Lease 165. 727393 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 166. 727763 PW4062-3 WASI No Off Lease 167. 733319 PW4168 WASI No Off Lease 168. 733348 PW4168A WASI No Off Lease 169. 733490 PW4168 WASI No Off Lease 170. 733496 PW4168 WASI No Off Lease 171. 733587 PW4168A WASI No Off Lease 172. 741568 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 173. 741857 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 174. 779228 CFM56-5B6/2P WASI No Off Lease Schedule 5.29 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 175. 779282 CFM56-5B6/2P WASI No Off Lease 176. 779316 CFM56-5B WASI No Off Lease 177. 779462 CFM56-5B4 WASI No Off Lease 178. 857424 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 179. 872016 CF34-3B1 WASI No Off Lease 180. 872108 V2524-A5 WASI No Off Lease 181. 872815 CF34-3B1 WASI No Off Lease 182. 874442 CFM56-7B20/3 WASI No Off Lease 183. 874603 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 184. 874701 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 185. 874708 CFM56-5B WASI No Off Lease 186. 875837 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 187. 876489 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 188. 876519 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 189. 876602 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 190. 876611 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease Schedule 5.29 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 191. 876686 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 192. 877318 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 193. 888337 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 194. 888503 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 195. 888565 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 196. 889302 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 197. 889500 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 198. 889623 PW4060-3 WASI No Off Lease 199. 890617 CFM56-7B22 WASI No Off Lease 200. 892688 CFM56-7B WASI No Off Lease 201. 994893 CF34-10E6 WASI No Off Lease 202. V10309 V2524-A5 WASI No Off Lease 203. V10611 V2500-A5 WASI No Off Lease 204. V10619 V2500-A5 WASI No Off Lease 205. V11330 V2500-A5 WASI No Off Lease 206. V11713 V2524-A5 WASI No Off Lease Schedule 5.29 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 207. V11774 V2500-A5 WASI No Off Lease 208. V12373 V2527-A5 WASI No Off Lease 209. V13051 V2500-A5 WASI No Off Lease 210. V13053 V2500-A5 WASI No Off Lease 211. V0120 V2500-A1 WASI No Off Lease 212. 729086 PW4062-3 WASI No Off Lease 213. 733186 CFM56-5A3 WASI No Off Lease 214. 725434 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 215. V12145 V2527-A5 WASI No Off Lease 216. 725933 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 217. 722236 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 218. 727255 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 219. 716430 PW2040 WASI No Off Lease 220. 874155 CFM56-7B22 WASI No Off Lease 221. 779482 CFM56-5B4/P WASI No Off Lease 222. 858839 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease


 
Schedule 5.29 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 223. 727057 PW2037 WASI No Off Lease 224. 874157 CFM56-7B22 WASI No Off Lease 225. 994976 CF6-50C2 WASI No Off Lease 226. 860131 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 227. 707288 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 228. 741816 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 229. 723310 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 230. 856526 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 231. 858588 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 232. 577840 CFM56-5B4/P WASI No Off Lease 233. 721198 CFM56-3B2 WASI No Off Lease 234. 725493 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 235. 874711 CFM56-7B24 WASI No Off Lease 236. 455805 CF6-50C2 WASI No Off Lease 237. 725154 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 238. 193773 CF34-8E5A1 WASI No Off Lease Schedule 5.29 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 239. 874910 CFM56-7B24 WASI No Off Lease 240. 725522 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 241. 725765 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 242. 733438 PW4168 WASI No Off Lease 243. 779266 CFM56-5B6/2P WASI No Off Lease 244. 726634 PW2040 WASI No Off Lease 245. 721877 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 246. 690290 CF6-80C2B4 WASI No Off Lease 247. 724862 PW4158 WASI No Off Lease 248. 194264 CF34-8C5 WASI No Off Lease 249. 695684 CF6-80C2B6 WASI No Off Lease 250. 779515 CFM56-5B6/P WASI No Off Lease 251. 740342 CFM56-5C3F WASI No Off Lease 252. 722244 CFM56-3C1 WASI No Off Lease 253. 779904 CFM56-5B6/P WASI No Off Lease 254. 567190 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease Schedule 5.29 No. MSN/ESN Equipment Type Owner Leased as of Closing Date (Yes/No) Lessee 255. 575573 CFM56-5B4/P WASI No Off Lease 256. 702272 CF6-80C2B7F WASI No Off Lease 257. 731208 CFM56-5A1 WASI No Off Lease 258. 731242 CFM56-5A1 WASI No Off Lease 259. 731257 CFM56-5A1 WASI No Off Lease 260. 731274 CFM56-5A1 WASI No Off Lease 261. 731283 CFM56-5A1 WASI No Off Lease 262. 731355 CFM56-5A1 WASI No Off Lease 263. 731856 CFM56-5A1 WASI No Off Lease 264. 733229 CFM56-5A1 WASI No Off Lease 265. 741704 CFM56-5C4/P WASI No Off Lease 266. 741837 CFM56-5C4 WASI No Off Lease 267. 779223 CFM56-5B6/2P WASI No Off Lease 268. 779229 CFM56-5B6/2P WASI No Off Lease 269. 872554 CF34-3B1 WASI No Off Lease 270. 874419 CFM56-7B24/3 WASI No Off Lease INo. MSN/ESN Equipment Owner Leased as of | Lessee Type Closing Date (Yes/No) 271. 874420 CFM56-7B24/3 WASI No Off Lease 272. 876739 CFMS56-7B24/3 WASI No Off Lease 273. 894269 CFM56-7B22 WASI No Off Lease 274. V10123 V2527-A5 WASI No Off Lease Schedule 5.29 edule . 9 o. SN/ESN ui ent ype wner eased s f l si g ate es/ o) e s e 1. 420 56-7B24/3 ASI o f ease 2. 739 FM56-7B24/3 ASI o f ease 3. 269 56-7B 2 ASI o f ease 4. 10123 2527-A5 ASI o f ease


 
Schedule 7.01 Schedule 7.01 Existing Liens Liens in favor of U.S. Bank National Association Acting through its Division U.S. Bank Equipment Finance on (1) one Bombardier Inc. Model BD-700-1A10 (Global Express) aircraft bearing MSN 9089 and (2) two Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG model BR 700-710A2-20 aircraft engines bearing MSNs 12291 and 12290. Liens disclosed on the Title Search Report dated October 24, 2024, by Old Republic National Title Insurance Company with respect to the Specified Real Property located in Coconut Creek, Florida. Liens disclosed in the official copy registers of title dated October 21, 2024, by the HM Land Registry with respect to the Specified Real Property located in Bridgend, Wales, UK. Schedule 7.02 Schedule 7.02 Existing Indebtedness and Guaranteed Indebtedness Creditor Original Principal Amount / Notional Amount Balance as of the Closing Date Description U.S. Bank National Association $18,095,000.00 $0.00 Promissory Note secured by one (1) Bombardier Model BD- 700-1A10 (Global Express) aircraft bearing MSN 9089 and two (2) Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Model BR700-710A2-20 aircraft engines bearing MSNs 12291 and 12290. Chishima Real Estate Co., Ltd. $17,840,000.00 $17,733,207.66 Indebtedness of the Borrower with respect to JOLCO with Chishima in respect of one (1) PW1133GA-JM aircraft engine bearing ESN 770625. JAVA Co., Ltd. $22,610,000.00 $22,225,482.55 Indebtedness of the Borrower with respect to JOLCO with JAVA in respect of one (1) PW1133GA-JM aircraft engine bearing ESN 771508. Chishima Real $22,980,000.00 $20,847,693.75 Indebtedness of the Borrower Estate Co., Ltd. with respect to JOLCO with Chishima in respect of one (1) LEAP 1B28G06 aircraft engine bearing ESN 60A755. Schedule 7.02 edule . 2 his i a eal state o., td. , 0, 00. 0 , 7,693.75 btedne s f e orr er ith ect t O ith his i a ect f e ) P 06 raft ine ari g 7 5. Schedule 7.03 Existing Investments 1) Investments in each entity listed on Part II and Part HI of Schedule 5.19(a). Schedule 7.03edule . edule . 3 xisti g st ents ) st ents h tit art d art I I f edule . 9(a).


 
SCHEDULE 1.01(a) Certain Addresses For Notices: Administrative Agent’s Office: (for payments, advances, rates, lender Requests): Bank of America, N.A. 900 W. Trade St Mail Code: NC1-026-6-04 Charlotte, NC 28255-001 Attention: Chevelle Cozart Telephone: 980-388-7473 Electronic Mail: chevelle.cozart@bofa.com and ecredit_dedicated@bofa.com Wire Instructions: Bank of America, N.A., NY ABA#: 026009593 Account Name: SLC Operations Account No.: 1366072250600 Ref: Willis Lease Finance Corporation Other Notices and Financial Reporting as Administrative Agent: (for financials, communications) Bank of America, N.A. Agency Management 540 W. Madison St Mail Code: IL4-540-22-29 Chicago, Illinois 60601 Attention: Rose Thomas Telephone: 312.828.3417 Telecopier: 877.206.8413 Electronic Mail: rose.thomas2@bofa.com With a copy to: Bank of America, N.A. Agency Management 540 W. Madison St Mail Code: IL4-540-22-29 Chicago, Illinois 60601 Attention: Gerund N. Diamond, as Agency Management Telephone: 312.992.8588 Telecopier: 312.453.3635 Electronic Mail: gerund.diamond@bofa.com Standby LC: Bank of America Trade Operations Mail Code: PA6-580-02-30 1 Fleet Way Scranton, PA 18507 Phone: (570) 496-9619 Fax: (800-755-8740 Email: tradeclientserviceteamus@bofa.com SWING LINE LENDER: (for Payments and Revolver for Credit Extension): Bank of America, N.A. 900 W. Trade St Mail Code: NC1-026-06-04 Charlotte, NC 28255-0001 Attention: Chevelle Cozart Telephone: 980.388-7473 Electronic Mail: chevelle,cozart@bofa.com Wiring Instructions: Bank of America, N.A., NY ABA#: 026009593 Account Name: SLC Operations Account No.: 1366072250600 Ref: Willis Lease Finance Corporation Borrower: Willis Lease Finance Corporation 60 E. Sir Francis Drake Blvd., Suite 209 Larkspur, CA 94939 Attn: General Counsel Telephone No.: 415-408-4732 Email: dpoulakidas@willislease.com Schedule 1.01(b) – Initial Commitments and Applicable Percentages Commitment Percentage Bank of America, N.A. $200,000,000 20.00% MUFG Bank, Ltd. $150,000,000 15.00% Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank $90,000,000 9.00% PNC Bank National Association $80,000,000 8.00% BNP Paribas New York $80,000,000 8.00% City National Bank $70,000,000 7.00% U.S. Bank National Association $70,000,000 7.00% The Huntington National Bank $70,000,000 7.00% Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. $60,000,000 6.00% First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company $45,000,000 4.50% HSBC Bank USA, N.A. $30,000,000 3.00% Bank United, N. A. $30,000,000 3.00% Apple Bank $25,000,000 2.50% Total Commitment $1,000,000,000 100% Schedule 2.01 — Swingline Commitment Swingline Commitment Bank of America, N.A. $75,000,000 edule . 1 – ingline mitment ingline mitment ank f merica, . . , 0,0 0


 
Schedule 2.03 — Letter of Credit Commitments Letter of Credit Commitment Bank of America, N.A. $25,000,000 edule . 3 – e ter f redit o mitments e ter f redit o mitment ank f merica, . . , 0,0 0 EXHIBIT A Form of Administrative Questionnaire [Appended] #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 I T r f dm nistrative uestio naire pended] LMA and LSTA, Effective March 2, 2023 LMA / LSTA Standard Administrative Details Form The Loan Market Association ("LMA") and Loan Syndications & Trading Association ("LSTA") consent to the use and reproduction of this document for the preparation and documentation of agreements relating to transactions or potential transactions in the loan markets. © Loan Market Association, Loan Syndications & Trading Association. All rights reserved. LSTA/LMA Standard Administrative Details Form BORROWER DETAILS Borrower Name Willis Lease Finance Corp ENTITY DETAILS Name Lender’s name as it appears on tax/registration documentation. MEI Markit Entity ID Financial or non-financial institution Institution type. GIIN FATCA Global Intermediary Identification Number (Optional) CRN UK Company Registration Number (Optional) LEI Legal Entity ID (Optional) Entity Type Type of lender. If lender/entity type does not appear in list, you may provide your own value. Address (of Lending Office): Registered address of lending office, including country of domicile. Signature Block: Signature Block as it would appear on settlement documentation. E.g. (for separately managed account): ABC Fund by 123 Asset Management as Advisor Fund Manager Name of fund/asset manager, as would be referenced in the sig. block. MEI Markit Entity ID Lender Parent Name of legal parent if different from lender entity. (Optional) MEI Markit Entity ID NOTICE/SERVICING MESSAGE DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS Firm Name of Company Fax Fax Number Email Email Address Email Pfd. Firm Name of Company Fax Fax Number Email Email Address Email Pfd. STANDARD SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTIONS / WIRING INSTRUCTIONS Payment Method MT103 or MT202 Currency Applicable Currency. Account With Institution Name of Beneficiary’s Bank (usually custodian/trustee) SWIFT BIC 8/11-Character BIC of Beneficiary’s Bank ABA # Routing # or UK Sort Code of Beneficiary’s Bank (optional) Beneficiary Customer Name of Ultimate Beneficiary (Lender) Beneficiary Account # Account # of Ultimate Beneficiary IBAN IBAN of Ultimate Beneficiary (optional) Payment Reference (Remittance Info) Use Standard Wire Reference Format*: [Borrower Name] [Facility Name/Abbr.] [Facility/Deal CUSIP/ISIN] [Payment Purpose(s)] [Transaction Reference ID] Special Instructions Template above can be used for wire instructions where receiving bank is custodian/trustee, and lender has dedicated account. Additional templates provided at Appendix A.


 
OR STANDARD SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTIONS / WIRING INSTRUCTIONS FOLLOWING ISO20022 UPDATES This alternate should be used for wire instructions where receiving bank is custodian/trustee, and lender has dedicated account following updates to ISO20022. It will not be appropriate for those lenders for e.g. USD debt in US. Additional templates provided at Appendix A. Payment Method PACS.008 or PACS.009 Currency Applicable Currency. Receiver BIC Name of Correspondent Bank Creditor Agent Name of Beneficiary’s Bank (usually custodian/trustee) Creditor Agent BIC 8/11-Character BIC of Beneficiary’s Bank Creditor Name of Ultimate Beneficiary (Lender) Creditor Account # Account # of Ultimate Beneficiary IBAN1 IBAN of Ultimate Beneficiary (optional) Payment Reference (Remittance Info) Use Standard Wire Reference Format*: [Borrower Name] [Facility Name/Abbr.] [Facility/Deal CUSIP/ISIN] [Payment Purpose(s)] [Transaction Reference ID] Special Instructions 1In some instances it may be appropriate to add an additional account number where required. Consider on a case-by-case basis depending on currencies used in the underlying transaction. SERVICE PROVIDERS & THIRD-PARTY DATA ACCESS Doc. Delivery Recon & Inventory Role Custodian/Trustee Name Name of Company MEI Markit Entity ID ☐ ☐ Role Relationship to lender. Name Name of Company MEI Markit Entity ID ☐ ☐ CREDIT CONTACTS (LEGAL DOCUMENTATION, AMENDMENTS & WAIVERS) Name Name of group or individual. Select group or Individual Firm Firm with which contact is affiliated. Address: Registered address of contact’s office (if different than the lender’s office), including country of domicile. Phone Fax Email ☐ Data Room Access Pfd. Contact Method Preferred contact method for inquiries. Copy and paste section above to add any additional contacts. It is recommended that at least one of the contacts be a group. OPERATIONS CONTACTS (INQUIRIES ONLY) Name Name of group or individual. Select group or Individual Firm Firm with which contact is affiliated. Address: Registered address of contact’s office (if different than the lender’s office), including country of domicile. Phone Fax Email ☐ Settlements ☐ Servicing ☐ SSI Verification ☐ KYC Pfd. Contact Method Preferred contact method for inquiries. Copy and paste section above to add any additional contacts. It is recommended that at least one of the contacts be a group. LETTER OF CREDIT CONTACTS Name Name of group or individual. Select group or Individual Firm Firm with which contact is affliated. Address: Registered address of contact’s office (if different than the lender’s office), including country of domicile. Phone Phone number (optional for groups) Fax Fax Number Email Email Address Pfd. Contact Method Preferred contact method for inquiries. Copy and paste section above to add any additional contacts. It is recommended that at least one of the contacts be a group. ADDITIONAL ENTITY DETAILS & KYC/FATCA INFORMATION Country of Incorporation Country of Incorporation of lender Country of Tax Residence Country of Residence of lender for tax purposes EIN US Employee ID Number UK Treaty Passport # UK Treaty Passport # US Tax Form Type of tax form used/attached UK Treaty Passport Expiry Date UK Treaty Passport Expiry Date Entity Referenced As Primary Entity CURRENCIES AND JURISDICTIONS FOR MULTICURRENCY TRANSACTIONS INFORMATION PLEASE CHECK BOX OF THE CURRENCIES YOUR INSTITUTION CAN FUND UNDER THIS TRANSACTION: PLEASE CHECK BOX IF YOUR INSTITUTION IS LICENSED TO FUND TO BORROWERS LOCATED IN THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES: Appendix A: Additional Wire Instruction Templates and Bank of America USD / FX Wire Instructions: Template below can be used for wire instructions where recipient is intermediary bank with nostro account for custodian and the Lender does not have a dedicated account. Lender may copy and paste the template below as many times as necessary to capture various currency remittance instructions. Currency Applicable Currency. Correspondent Bank Name of Receiver’s Correspondent Bank (SWIFT 54a) SWIFT BIC 8/11-Character SWIFT BIC of Correspondent Bank Intermediary Bank Name of Intermediary Bank (SWIFT 56a) SWIFT BIC 8/11-Character SWIFT BIC of Intermediary Bank ABA # ABA/Routing # or UK Sort Code of Intermediary Bank (optional) Account With Institution Name of Beneficiary’s Bank – usually custodian (SWIFT 57a) SWIFT BIC 8/11-Character SWIFT BIC of Beneficiary’s Bank IBAN IBAN of Beneficiary’s Bank at Intermediary Beneficiary Customer Name of Ultimate Beneficiary (Lender) (SWIFT 59a) Beneficiary Account # Account # / Code of Ultimate Beneficiary Payment Reference (Remittance Info) Use Standard Wire Reference Format*: [Borrower Name] [Facility Name/Abbr.] [Facility/Deal CUSIP/ISIN] [Payment Purpose(s)] [Transaction Reference ID] Special Instructions Lender’s Payment Instructions: Please input payment instructions for each respective currency referenced in CURRENCIES AND JURISDICTIONS FOR MULTICURRENCY TRANSACTIONS INFORMATION section above. If your respective institution is unable to fund any of the currencies noted, please notify Administrative Agent immediately. Bank of America’s Payment Instructions: USD Payment Instructions: Pay to: Bank of America, N.A. ABA # 026009593 New York, NY Account #: 1366072250600 Attn: Wire Clearing Acct for Syn Loans - LIQ Ref: Willis Lease Finance Corp Multi-Currency Payment Instructions: Multi-Currency Payment Instructions 3-2021.pdf Appendix B: Lender’s Organizational Structure and Tax Status: Please refer to the enclosed withholding tax instructions below and then complete this section accordingly. Lender Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN): Tax Withholding Form Delivered to Bank of America (circle applicable one): W-9 W-8BEN W-8BEN-E W-8ECI W-8EXP W-8IMY Tax Contact: First: MI: Last: Title: Street Address: Suite/ Mail Code: City: State: Postal Code: Country: Telephone: Facsimile: E-Mail Address: SyndTrak E-Mail Address: NON–U.S. LENDER INSTITUTIONS 1. Corporations: If your institution is organized outside of the United States, is classified as a Corporation or other non-flow through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and is the beneficial owner of the interest and other income it receives, you must complete one of the following three tax forms, as applicable to your institution: a.) Form W-8BEN (Certificate of Foreign Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding and Reporting (and a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate if applicable)) or Form W-8BEN-E, b.) Form W-8ECI (Certificate of Foreign Person’s Claim that Income is Effectively Connected with the Conduct of a Trade or Business in the United States), or c.) Form W-


 
8EXP (Certificate of Foreign Government or Other Foreign Organization for United States Tax Withholding and Reporting). A U.S. taxpayer identification number is required for any institution submitting a Form W-8 ECI. It is also required on Form W-8BEN or Form W-8BEN-E for certain institutions claiming the benefits of a tax treaty with the U.S. Please refer to the instructions when completing the form applicable to your institution. 2. Flow-Through Entities If your institution is organized outside the U.S., and is classified for U.S. federal income tax purposes as either a Partnership, Trust, Qualified or Non-Qualified Intermediary, or other non-U.S. flow-through entity, an original Form W- 8IMY (Certificate of Foreign Intermediary, Foreign Flow-Through Entity, or Certain U.S. branches for United States Tax Withholding and Reporting) must be completed by the intermediary together with a withholding statement. Flow-through entities other than Qualified Intermediaries are required to include tax forms for each of the underlying beneficial owners. Please refer to the instructions when completing this form U.S. LENDER INSTITUTIONS: If your institution is incorporated or organized within the United States, you must complete and return Form W-9 (Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification). Pursuant to the language contained in the tax section of the Credit Agreement, the applicable tax form for your institution must be completed and returned on or prior to the date on which your institution becomes a lender under this Credit Agreement. Failure to provide the proper tax form when requested will subject your institution to U.S. tax withholding. *Additional guidance and instructions as to where to submit this documentation can be found at this link: IRS Tax Form Tool Kit.pdf Bank of America is committed to the protection of personal information we collect and process. We conduct regular assessment reviews and abide by rigorous privacy standards to protect personal information we collect, use and share. For more information about how we protect your privacy, including specific rights that may apply, please visit bankofamerica.com/privacynotice. Please ensure that you share this information with those in your organization whose information you are sharing with us such as your third party representatives, employees, officers, directors, shareholders, and other related individuals. #4857-3188-8880v1 EXHIBIT B Form of Assignment and Assumption This Assignment and Assumption (this “Assignment and Assumption”) is dated as of the Effective Date set forth below and is entered into by and between [the][each]1 Assignor identified in item 1 below ([the][each, an] “Assignor”) and [the][each]2 Assignee identified in item 2 below ([the][each, an] “Assignee”). [It is understood and agreed that the rights and obligations of [the Assignors][the Assignees]3 hereunder are several and not joint.]4 Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement identified below (the “Credit Agreement”), receipt of a copy of which is hereby acknowledged by the Assignee. The Standard Terms and Conditions set forth in Annex 1 attached hereto are hereby agreed to and incorporated herein by reference and made a part of this Assignment and Assumption as if set forth herein in full. For an agreed consideration, [the][each] Assignor hereby irrevocably sells and assigns to [the Assignee][the respective Assignees], and [the][each] Assignee hereby irrevocably purchases and assumes from [the Assignor][the respective Assignors], subject to and in accordance with the Standard Terms and Conditions and the Credit Agreement, as of the Effective Date inserted by the Administrative Agent as contemplated below (a) all of [the Assignor’s][the respective Assignors’] rights and obligations in [its capacity as a Lender][their respective capacities as Lenders] under the Credit Agreement and any other Loan Documents in the amount[s] and equal to the percentage interest[s] identified below of all the outstanding rights and obligations under the respective facilities identified below (including, without limitation, the [Letters of Credit and the Swingline Loans] included in such facilities5) and (b) to the extent permitted to be assigned under applicable law, all claims, suits, causes of action and any other right of [the Assignor (in its capacity as a Lender)][the respective Assignors (in their respective capacities as Lenders)] against any Person, whether known or unknown, arising under or in connection with the Credit Agreement, any other Loan Documents or the loan transactions governed thereby or in any way based on or related to any of the foregoing, including, but not limited to, contract claims, tort claims, malpractice claims, statutory claims and all other claims at law or in equity related to the rights and obligations sold and assigned pursuant to clause (a) above (the rights and obligations sold and assigned by [the][any] Assignor to [the][any] Assignee pursuant to clauses (a) and (b) above being referred to herein collectively as [the][an] “Assigned Interest”). Each such sale and assignment is without recourse to [the][any] Assignor and, except as expressly provided in this Assignment and Assumption, without representation or warranty by [the][any] Assignor. 1. Assignor[s]: [Assignor [is][is not] a Defaulting Lender] 2. Assignee[s]: [for each Assignee, indicate [Affiliate][Approved Fund] of [identify Lender]] 1 For bracketed language here and elsewhere in this form relating to the Assignor(s), if the assignment is from a single Assignor, choose the first bracketed language. If the assignment is from multiple Assignors, choose the second bracketed language. 2 For bracketed language here and elsewhere in this form relating to the Assignee(s), if the assignment is to a single Assignee, choose the first bracketed language. If the assignment is to multiple Assignees, choose the second bracketed language. 3 Select as appropriate. 4 Include bracketed language if there are either multiple Assignors or multiple Assignees. 5 Include all applicable subfacilities. #4857-3188-8880v1 3. Borrower: Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation 4. Administrative Agent: Bank of America, N.A., as the administrative agent under the Credit Agreement 5. Credit Agreement: Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the Borrower, the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time 6. Assigned Interest[s]: Assignor[s]6 Assignee[s]7 Facility Assigned8 Aggregate Amount of Commitment/ Loans for all Lenders9 Amount of Commitment/ Loans Assigned Percentage Assigned of Commitment/ Loans10 CUSIP Number $ $ % $ $ % $ $ % [7. Trade Date: __________________]11 Effective Date: __________________, 20__ [TO BE INSERTED BY THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND WHICH SHALL BE THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF RECORDATION OF TRANSFER IN THE REGISTER THEREFOR.] [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] 6 List each Assignor, as appropriate. 7 List each Assignee, as appropriate. 8 Fill in the appropriate terminology for the types of facilities under the Credit Agreement that are being assigned under this Assignment (e.g. “Revolving Commitment”, “Term Commitment”, etc.). 9 Amounts in this column and in the column immediately to the right to be adjusted by the counterparties to take into account any payments or prepayments made between the Trade Date and the Effective Date. 10 Set forth, to at least 9 decimals, as a percentage of the Commitment/Loans of all Lenders thereunder. 11 To be completed if the Assignor and the Assignee intend that the minimum assignment amount is to be determined as of the Trade Date.


 
#4857-3188-8880v1 The terms set forth in this Assignment and Assumption are hereby agreed to: ASSIGNOR [NAME OF ASSIGNOR] By: Name: Title: ASSIGNEE [NAME OF ASSIGNEE] By: Name: Title: Consented to and Accepted: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and Swingline Lender By: Name: Title: Consented to: WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, A Delaware corporation By: Name: Title: #4857-3188-8880v1 ANNEX 1 TO ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION Standard Terms and Conditions for Assignment and Assumption 1. Representations and Warranties. 1.1. Assignor. [The][Each] Assignor (a) represents and warrants that (i) it is the legal and beneficial owner of [the][the relevant] Assigned Interest, (ii) [the][such] Assigned Interest is free and clear of any lien, encumbrance or other adverse claim, (iii) it has full power and authority, and has taken all action necessary, to execute and deliver this Assignment and Assumption and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and (iv) it [is][is not] a Defaulting Lender; and (b) assumes no responsibility with respect to (i) any statements, warranties or representations made in or in connection with the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, (ii) the execution, legality, validity, enforceability, genuineness, sufficiency or value of the Loan Documents or any collateral thereunder, (iii) the financial condition of the Borrower, any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates or any other Person obligated in respect of any Loan Document or (iv) the performance or observance by the Borrower, any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates or any other Person of any of their respective obligations under any Loan Document. 1.2. Assignee. [The][Each] Assignee (a) represents and warrants that (i) it has full power and authority, and has taken all action necessary, to execute and deliver this Assignment and Assumption and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and to become a Lender under the Credit Agreement, (ii) it meets all the requirements to be an assignee under the terms of the Credit Agreement (subject to such consents, if any, as may be required under the terms of the Credit Agreement), (iii) from and after the Effective Date, it shall be bound by the provisions of the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents as a Lender thereunder and, to the extent of [the][the relevant] Assigned Interest, shall have the obligations of a Lender thereunder, (iv) it is sophisticated with respect to decisions to acquire assets of the type represented by [the][such] Assigned Interest and either it, or the Person exercising discretion in making its decision to acquire [the][such] Assigned Interest, is experienced in acquiring assets of such type, (v) it has received a copy of the Credit Agreement, and has received or has been accorded the opportunity to receive copies of the most recent financial statements delivered pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, and such other documents and information as it deems appropriate to make its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Assignment and Assumption and to purchase [the][such] Assigned Interest, (vi) it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Assignment and Assumption and to purchase [the][such] Assigned Interest, and (vii) if it is a Foreign Lender, attached hereto is any documentation required to be delivered by it pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, duly completed and executed by [the][such] Assignee; and (b) agrees that (i) it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent, [the][any] Assignor or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit decisions in taking or not taking action under the Loan Documents, and (ii) it will perform in accordance with their terms all of the obligations which by the terms of the Loan Documents are required to be performed by it as a Lender. 2. Payments. From and after the Effective Date, the Administrative Agent shall make all payments in respect of [the][each] Assigned Interest (including payments of principal, interest, fees and other amounts) to [the][the relevant] Assignor for amounts which have accrued to but excluding the Effective Date and to [the][the relevant] Assignee for amounts which have accrued from and after the Effective Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Administrative Agent shall make all payments of interest, fees or other amounts paid or payable in kind from and after the Effective Date to [the][the relevant] Assignee. #4857-3188-8880v1 3. General Provisions. This Assignment and Assumption shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. This Assignment and Assumption may be executed in any number of counterparts, which together shall constitute one instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Assignment and Assumption by fax transmission or other electronic mail transmission (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Assignment and Assumption. This Assignment and Assumption shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York. EXHIBIT C [Form of] Compliance Certificate TO: RE: DATE: Financial Statement Date: [________], [____] Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement;” the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware Corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time [Date] The undersigned Authorized Signatory hereby certifies as of the date hereof that [he/she] is the [_____________________] of the Borrower and that, as such, [he/she] is authorized to execute and deliver this Certificate to the Administrative Agent on the behalf of the Borrower pursuant to Section 6.02(a) of the Credit Agreement, and that: 1. [The Borrower has delivered the year-end audited Consolidated Financial Statements required by Section 6.01(a) of the Credit Agreement for the fiscal year of the Borrower ended as of the above date, together with the report and opinion of an independent certified public accountant required by such section.]1[The Borrower has delivered the unaudited Financial Statements required by Section 6.01(b) of the Credit Agreement for the fiscal quarter of the Borrower ended as of the above date.]2 2. A review of the activities of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries during the fiscal period covered by this Certificate has been made under the supervision of the undersigned with a view to determining whether during such fiscal period the Borrower and each of the other Loan Parties performed and observed all of their respective Obligations. To the best knowledge of the undersigned, during such fiscal period each of the Loan Parties performed and observed all covenants and conditions of the Loan Documents applicable to it, and no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing[, with the exceptions set forth below and in response to which Borrower, or the applicable Loan Party, has taken or proposes to take the following actions:]3. 3. The computations, analyses and information indicating compliance with respect to the covenants contained in Section 7.11 of the Credit Agreement are set forth on Schedule A attached hereto. 1 NTD: Use for fiscal year-end financial statements. 2 NTD: Use for fiscal quarter-end financial statements. 3 NTD: Include only if a Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.


 
[4. Attached hereto is an updated copy of Schedule 5.19(b) to the Credit Agreement as required by Section 6.02(a) of the Credit Agreement.]4 Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Certificate by fax transmission or other electronic mail transmission (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Certificate. [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] 4 NTD: Include only if a new Restricted Subsidiary has become a Guarantor during the applicable fiscal period and such Schedule was not previously delivered pursuant to 6.13. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation By: Name: Title: I LIS SE CE RPORATION, el are r oration y: a e: itle: Schedule A Financial Statement Date: [ 1, ] (“Statement Date’) edule i ancial t ent ate: ________], [____ t ent ate”) [Schedule 5.19(b)] [Loan Parties] [TO BE COMPLETED BY BORROWER] edule . (b)] an arties] E PLETED ER]


 
` Exhibit D TO CREDIT AGREEMENT [FORM OF] JOINDER AGREEMENT THIS JOINDER AGREEMENT (this “Joinder”) dated as of [____], is by and between [____], a [____] (the “New Subsidiary”) and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. in its capacity as Administrative Agent under the Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Administrative Agent, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as collateral agent, the Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time. All capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in (or by reference in) the Credit Agreement. The Loan Parties are required by Section 6.13 of the Credit Agreement to cause the New Subsidiary to become a “Guarantor”. Accordingly, the New Subsidiary hereby agrees with the Administrative Agent as follows: Section 1. The New Subsidiary hereby acknowledges, agrees and confirms that, by its execution of this Joinder, the New Subsidiary will be deemed to be a party to the Credit Agreement and a “Guarantor” for all purposes of the Credit Agreement, and shall have all of the obligations of a Guarantor thereunder as if it had executed the Credit Agreement. The New Subsidiary hereby ratifies, as of the date hereof, and agrees to be bound by, all of the terms, provisions and conditions applicable to the Guarantors contained in the Credit Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing terms of this Section 1, the New Subsidiary hereby jointly and severally together with the other Guarantors, guarantees to the Administrative Agent, each Lender and each other holder of the Secured Obligations, as provided in Article X of the Credit Agreement, as primary obligor and not as surety, the prompt payment and performance of the Secured Obligations in full when due (whether at stated maturity, as a mandatory prepayment, by acceleration or otherwise) strictly in accordance with the terms thereof. Section 2. [The New Subsidiary hereby acknowledges, agrees and confirms that, by its execution of this Joinder, the New Subsidiary will be deemed to be a party to the Pledge Agreement and a “Grantor” for all purposes of the Pledge Agreement, and shall have all the obligations of an Grantor thereunder as if it had executed the Pledge Agreement. The New Subsidiary hereby ratifies, as of the date hereof, and agrees to be bound by, all of the terms, provisions and conditions contained in the Pledge Agreement. Without limiting generality of the foregoing terms of this Section 2, to secure the prompt payment and performance in full when due, whether by lapse of time, acceleration, mandatory prepayment or otherwise, of the Secured Obligations (as defined in the Pledge Agreement), the New Subsidiary hereby grants, pledges and assigns to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the holders of the Secured Obligations, a continuing Exhibit D - 1 Exhibit D - 2 security interest in all right, title and interest of the New Subsidiary in and to the Collateral (as such term is defined in Section 2.01 of the Pledge Agreement) of the New Subsidiary.]1 Section 3. The New Subsidiary hereby represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent that: (a) Set forth on Schedule 1 is a supplement that updates Schedule 5.19(a) to the Credit Agreement with respect to the New Subsidiary. (b) Set forth on Schedule 2 is a supplement that updates Schedule 5.19(b) to the Credit Agreement with respect to the New Subsidiary. (c) Set forth on Schedule 3 is a supplement that updates Schedule 5.20(b) to the Credit Agreement [and Schedule I to the Pledge Agreement]2 with respect to the New Subsidiary. (d) [Set forth on Schedule 4 is a supplement that updates Schedule 5.29 to the Credit Agreement with respect to the New Subsidiary.]3 (e) The exact legal name and state of organization of the New Subsidiary is as set forth on the signature pages hereto. (f) Except as set forth on Schedule [5], the New Subsidiary has not during the five years preceding the date hereof (i) changed its legal name, (ii) changed its state of formation, or (ii) been party to a merger or consolidation. Section 4. The address of the New Subsidiary for all notices and other communications is the address set forth for the Borrower on Schedule 1.01(a) of the Credit Agreement. Section 5. GOVERNING LAW. This Joinder shall in all respects be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York. Section 6. This Joinder may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement. Subject to Section 11.18 of the Credit 1 Include if New Subsidiary is (i) a Cash Flow Subsidiary, (ii) owns any Stock of any Subsidiary that is a Guarantor (iii) is or will act as the lender of an Eligible PDP Loan or Eligible Loan Product that will be added to the Borrowing Base or (iv) is a Specified Asset Owner of any Generator that will be added to the Borrowing Base. 2 Include if New Subsidiary’s equity will be pledged as collateral under the Pledge Agreement or if New Subsidiary owns any Stock of any Subsidiary that is a Guarantor. 3 Include if New Subsidiary owns Eligible Engines and/or items of Eligible Equipment to be added to the Borrowing Base as of the date of the Joinder. Exhibit D - 3 Agreement, this Agreement may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures (including facsimile and .pdf) and shall be considered an original and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. Section 7. The provisions of Sections 11.14 and 11.15 of the Credit Agreement are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms. [signature pages follow] Exhibit D - 4 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the New Subsidiary has caused this Joinder to be duly executed by its authorized officer, and the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, has caused the same to be accepted by its authorized officer, as of the day and year first above written. [Name of New Subsidiary], a [insert type of entity and jurisdiction of organization] By: Name: Title: Acknowledged and accepted: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent By: Name: Title:


 
Exhibit E-1 - 1 Exhibit E-1 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT [FORM OF] LOAN NOTICE Date: ___________, 20___ To: Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent Ladies and Gentlemen: Reference is made to that certain Credit Agreement dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended, or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time parties thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, “Administrative Agent”), the Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto. Capitalized terms used herein and not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth for such terms in the Credit Agreement. 1. Pursuant to Section 2.02(a) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrower hereby requests a [Borrowing][conversion or continuation] of Revolving Loan as follows: (a) Amount of requested Loan1: $________________ (b) Date of requested Loan2: ______________________ (c) Type of requested Loan (Check one box): Base Rate Loan Term SOFR Loan3, for an Interest Period of __________ month[s]4 1 Each SOFR Loan must be in a principal amount of at least $5,000,000.00 or a whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof. Each Base Rate Loan shall be in a principal amount of $500,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof. 2 Must be a Business Day 3 After giving effect to all Revolving Borrowings, all conversions of Revolving Loans from one Type to the other, and all continuations of Revolving Loans as the same Type, there shall not be more than ten (10) Interest Periods in effect in respect of the Facility 4 Specify whether 1, 3 or 6-month Interest Period. Alternatively, select such other period that is twelve months or less and consented to by all the Lenders. Exhibit E-1 - 2 2. The Borrowing of Revolving Loans, if any, requested herein complies with the proviso to the first sentence of Section 2.01(a) of the Credit Agreement. On and as of the date of such Borrowing, the Borrower hereby represents and warrants that: (a) each of the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 [and 4.03(a)]5 of the Credit Agreement have been satisfied; (b) subject to Sections 4.03(b), 4.03(c), 4.03(d), 4.03(e) and 4.03(g) of the Credit Agreement, each Engine, item of Equipment, PDP Loan, Loan Product, Specified Real Property, Specified Vessel, or Generator included in the Borrowing Base is, respectively, an Eligible Engine, an item of Eligible Equipment, an Eligible PDP Loan, an Eligible Loan Product or an Eligible Specified Asset; and (c) subject, in each case, to Section 4.03(b), 4.03(c), 4.03(d), 4.03(e) and 4.03(g) of the Credit Agreement, the Collateral Documents create legal, valid and enforceable security interests in, and Liens (subject to Permitted Liens) on, all the right, title and interests in the Collateral purported to be covered thereby, which security interests and Liens, upon the satisfaction of the conditions precedent set forth in the Credit Agreement including but not limited to Section 4.03(b), 4.03(c), 4.03(d), 4.03(e) and 4.03(g), will be perfected security interests, to the extent required by the Collateral Documents. 3. [The Borrower requests that the proceeds of the requested Loan be deposited into the following account [_______________].]6 4. This Borrowing Notice is executed by an Authorized Signatory of Borrower. The undersigned, in such capacity, hereby certifies, on behalf of Borrower, each and every matter contained herein to be true and correct. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation By: Name: Title: 5 Include if new assets are being added to the Borrowing Base in connection with the requested Loan. 6 Include only for a Borrowing; for continuation or conversion, delete. Exhibit E-2 - 1 EXHIBIT E-2 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT [FORM OF] SWINGLINE LOAN NOTICE Date: ___________, 20___ To: Bank of America, N.A., as Swingline Lender Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent Ladies and Gentlemen: Reference is made to that certain Credit Agreement that certain Credit Agreement dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended, or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time parties thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, “Administrative Agent”), the Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto. Capitalized terms used herein and not defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Credit Agreement. 1. Pursuant to Section 2.04(b) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrower hereby requests a Borrowing of a Swingline Loan under the Facility as follows: (a) Amount of requested Loan1: $________________ (b) Date of requested Loan2: ______________________ 2. The Borrowing of a Swingline Loan requested herein complies with the requirements of the provisos to the first sentence of Section 2.04(a) of the Credit Agreement. The Borrower hereby represents and warrants that each of the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 [and 4.03(a)]3 of the Credit Agreement have been satisfied on and as of the date of Swingline Loan. 3. The Borrower requests that the proceeds of the requested Swingline Loan be deposited into the following account [_______________]. 4. This Borrowing Notice is executed on by an Authorized Signatory of Borrower. The undersigned, in such capacity, hereby certifies, on behalf of Borrower, each and every matter contained herein to be true and correct. 1 Each SOFR Loan must be in a principal amount of at least $5,000,000.00 or a whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof. Each Base Rate Loan shall be in a principal amount of $500,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof. 2 Must be a Business Day 3 Include if new assets are being added to the Borrowing Base in connection with the requested Loan. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation By: Name: Title: Exhibit E-2 - 2 xhibit -2 I LIS SE N CE RPORATION, el are r oration y: a e: itle:


 
EXHIBIT F Form of Mortgage and Security Agreement [Appended] #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 - - I T r f ortgage d ecurity gree ent pended] [FORM OF] MORTGAGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT dated as , 2024 made by [WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION][INSERT NAME OF APPLICABLE WLFC SUBSIDIARY], as Grantor in favor of BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Mortgagee F F] RTGAGE D RITY EE ENT ted s ____________, 24 ade I LIS SE CE RPORATION][INSERT E F I BLE LFC SIDIARY], s rantor r f K F ERICA, . ., s ort - i - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARTICLE I CERTAIN DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................... 1 Section 1.01 Definitions................................................................................................... 1 ARTICLE II GRANTING CLAUSE.............................................................................................. 3 ARTICLE III COVENANTS ......................................................................................................... 4 Section 3.01 Registration; Maintenance and Operation .................................................. 4 Section 3.02 Further Assurances...................................................................................... 6 Section 3.03 Liens. ........................................................................................................... 6 Section 3.04 Books and Records ..................................................................................... 6 Section 3.05 Priority of Mortgagee’s Security Interest ................................................... 7 Section 3.06 Mortgagee’s Rights. .................................................................................... 7 Section 3.07 Reinstatement .............................................................................................. 8 Section 3.08 Insurance ..................................................................................................... 8 ARTICLE IV EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES .......................................................... 8 Section 4.01 Events of Default ........................................................................................ 9 Section 4.02 Remedies ..................................................................................................... 9 Section 4.03 Expenses of Enforcement ......................................................................... 10 Section 4.04 Waiver of Appraisement Etc ..................................................................... 11 Section 4.05 Waiver of Claims ...................................................................................... 11 Section 4.06 Additional Waivers ................................................................................... 11 Section 4.07 Remedies Cumulative, No Waiver ........................................................... 11 Section 4.08 Application of Proceeds ............................................................................ 12 Section 4.09 Delay or Omission: Possession of Notes. ................................................. 12 Section 4.10 Power of Attorney ..................................................................................... 12 ARTICLE V CONCERNING THE LEASES .............................................................................. 13 Section 5.01 Acknowledgment of Leases ...................................................................... 13 Section 5.02 Quiet Enjoyment. Etc. .............................................................................. 13 Section 5.03 Miscellaneous. .......................................................................................... 13 ARTICLE VI MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS ..................................................................... 14 Section 6.01 Amendments, Etc. ..................................................................................... 14 Section 6.02 Notices ...................................................................................................... 14 - ii - Section 6.03 Continuing Lien and Security Interests; Transfer ..................................... 14 Section 6.04 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial .................................. 15 Section 6.05 Severability ............................................................................................... 15 Section 6.06 Entire Agreement ...................................................................................... 15 Section 6.07 Counterparts .............................................................................................. 15 Section 6.08 Credit Agreement to Control .................................................................... 15 Section 6.09 Time of the Essence .................................................................................. 15 Section 6.10 Termination and Release........................................................................... 15


 
- 1 - MORTGAGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT THIS MORTGAGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT, dated as of ___________, 2024 (as amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time, the “Mortgage”) made by [WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION][INSERT NAME OF APPLICABLE WLFC SUBSIDIARY], a [Delaware corporation][insert jurisdiction and type of entity] (the “Grantor”) in favor of BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as Collateral Agent for itself and on behalf of the Secured Parties under the Credit Agreement (as defined below) (together with its successors and assigns, the “Mortgagee”). WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, [Grantor][Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”)] has entered into that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of ___________, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the Borrower, the [Grantor and the other] Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Mortgagee, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time. All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Credit Agreement; and WHEREAS, [the Grantor is a Subsidiary of Borrower and will receive substantial direct and indirect benefit from the transactions under the Credit Agreement and] it is a condition precedent and requirement under the Credit Agreement that the Grantor shall have entered into this Mortgage to secure the Secured Obligations; and NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto covenant and agree as follows: ARTICLE I CERTAIN DEFINITIONS Section 1.01 Definitions. All capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in (or by reference in) the Credit Agreement. The interpretive provisions of Section 1.02 of the Credit Agreement are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms. As used in this Mortgage, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below: “Act” shall mean the United States Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended, as in effect on the date of this Mortgage, as recodified in 49 U.S.C. § 40101 et seq., as amended, or any successor or substituted legislation at the time in effect and applicable. “Administrator” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “Aircraft” means the aircraft described by manufacturer, model, serial number, and registration number in Exhibit A hereto or in a Mortgage Supplement hereto which has not been - ii - the subject of a release, together with any and all Parts and Engines which are either incorporated or installed in or attached to such aircraft’s Airframe, and all documentation in respect thereof. “Airframe” means, subject to the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement, the remaining parts of an aircraft, less its Engines, as described Exhibit A hereto or in a Mortgage Supplement hereto which has not been the subject of a release. “Aircraft Objects” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “Bill of Sale” means, in respect to an Aircraft, Airframe or Engine, the warranty bill of sale executed in favor of Grantor in form satisfactory to the Mortgagee evidencing the transfer of title to such Aircraft, Airframe or Engine. “Cape Town Convention” means the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment and the Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment, both of which were signed in Cape Town, South Africa on November 16, 2001, and including the Regulations for the International Registry and the Procedures for the International Registry, as promulgated thereafter. “Collateral” shall have the meaning set forth in the Granting Clause (Article II) hereof. “Contract of Sale” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “Contracting State” shall have the meaning given to such term under Article 4 in the Cape Town Convention. “Default” means any event specified in Section 4.01 hereof which, with the passage of time or notice or both, would, unless cured or waived become an Event of Default. “Engine” means each engine that is (i) an “Engine” (as such terms is defined in the Credit Agreement) and (ii) described on Exhibit A hereto or in a Mortgage Supplement hereto which has not been the subject of a release (each of which has 550 or more rated takeoff horsepower or the equivalent of such horsepower). An Engine shall also include any and all Parts which are either incorporated or installed in or attached to such Engine or required to be subject to the lien and security interest of this Mortgage. “Equipment” means (i) all Airframes, Parts and other aviation assets owned by the Grantor, whether or not such items are subject to a Lease. “Event of Default” means any of the events specified in Section 4.01 hereof. “International Interest” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “International Registry” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. - iii - “Lease” means any “Lease” (as such term is defined in the Credit Agreement), including those described on Exhibit A hereto or in a Mortgage Supplement hereto and any and all after­ acquired Leases hereafter arising in which Grantor is lessor or an assignee of a lessor, in each case, covering an Engine or Equipment as each such Lease may be modified, amended or supplemented from time to time. “Lease Event of Default” means, with respect to a given Lease, an “Event of Default” or comparable term as defined in the Lease. “Lessee” means, with respect to any Lease, the Lessee as defined therein. “Mortgage Documents” means this Mortgage and all documents relating to the perfection and/or establishment of the Lien intended to be created by this Mortgage (including, without limitation, the Mortgage Supplement(s), the Notes, any other documents relating to the Mortgagee’s security interest in the Collateral and any documents expressly stated to be Mortgage Documents). “Mortgaged Property” means the Aircraft, Engines and Equipment, as applicable, as described on Exhibit A hereto or in a Mortgage Supplement hereto which has not been the subject of a release. “Mortgage Supplement” means any mortgage supplement, substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto. “Proceeds” means whatever is receivable or received when any Mortgaged Property or other collateral is sold, exchanged, collected or otherwise disposed of, including, without limitation, all amounts payable or paid under insurance, requisition or other payments as the result of any loss (including an Event of Loss) or damage to such Mortgaged Property. “Professional User Entity” is defined in the Regulations for the International Registry. “Prospective Sale” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “Records” shall have the meaning set forth in the Granting Clause hereof. “Security Agreement” shall have the meaning given to the term in the Cape Town Convention. ARTICLE II GRANTING CLAUSE The Grantor hereby assigns, mortgages, transfers and confirms unto the Mortgagee, and hereby grants to the Mortgagee, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a first priority security interest in, all right, title and interest of the Grantor in and to the following property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired and all replacements of the following property as collateral security for the prompt and complete payment and performance of all Secured Obligations (herein collectively called the “Collateral”), to wit: - iv - (a) the Mortgaged Property; (b) all of the Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to any Lease of Mortgaged Property, including, without limitation, each Lease together with all schedules, supplements, amendments, modifications, assignments, extensions, renewals of or replacements for any such Lease, executed from time to time, and all payments, including, without limitation, the right to exercise the rights and remedies under the Lease and to receive all rentals, payments and monies due and to become due, including, without limitation, all payments of rent, all maintenance reserves, if any, each Security Deposit, and all proceeds thereof, insurance proceeds and all other amounts due or to become due thereunder (subject, in each case, to the rights of the Lessee thereto under the applicable Lease); (c) all records, logs and other materials required to be maintained with respect to the Mortgaged Property by Persons in operational control of the Mortgaged Property under any applicable laws, rules or regulations and all logs, books, maintenance records and other information relating to the Mortgaged Property pertaining thereto (collectively, the “Records”) as well as all right, title and interest of the Grantor in, to and under the overhaul, repair and maintenance manuals, programs and catalogues which are part of or used in connection with the maintenance program for any Mortgaged Property and all warranties and rights relating thereto in respect of the Mortgaged Property; and (d) all Proceeds of all or any of the foregoing. So long as an Event of Default has not occurred and is not continuing, the Grantor shall be entitled to remain in full possession, enjoyment and control of the Collateral and to manage and use the Collateral and each part thereof with the same rights and franchises appertaining thereto; provided always that the possession, use, enjoyment and control of the Collateral shall at all times be subject to the terms of this Mortgage and the other Loan Documents and the Lien and security interest granted thereunder and hereunder. The parties hereto agree that for all purposes of the Cape Town Convention, (i) this Mortgage is effective to constitute an International Interest with respect to each Airframe and Engine, (ii) each Airframe and Engine constitute an Aircraft Object, (iii) the Grantor is situated in a Contracting State and has the power to dispose of each Airframe and Engine, (iv) this Mortgage constitutes a Security Agreement and the interests created hereunder are eligible for registration with the International Registry relating to each Airframe and Engine and (v) this Mortgage constitutes an assignment of associated rights secured by or associated with each Airframe and Engine and the Mortgagee hereby acknowledges and agrees that such assignment shall be effective to assign any related International Interests in each Airframe and Engine for all purposes of the Cape Town Convention. ARTICLE III COVENANTS Section 3.01 Registration; Maintenance and Operation. The Grantor, at its own cost and expense, will:


 
- v - (a) prior to mortgaging the Mortgaged Property or Lease, (i) register with the International Registry (x) the ownership interest of the Grantor in each Airframe and Engine represented by the Contract of Sale (or Prospective Sale) constituting the Bill of Sale, as long as the seller of the relevant Airframe or Engine is situated in a Contracting State, as provided for in the Cape Town Convention, and (y) the Grantor’s ownership interest with respect to each Contract of Sale with respect to each Airframe, Engine and Lease, as long as the lessee of the relevant Airframe or Engine under such Lease is situated in a Contracting State, as provided for in the Cape Town Convention, and (ii) cause the Mortgaged Property and Lease to be duly registered and at all times thereafter remain duly registered in the name of the Grantor in accordance with the Act, if applicable, or other applicable law; (b) make or cause such filings, registrations, or otherwise with the FAA, International Registry, and otherwise under the UCC as shall be required to perfect the Lien of Mortgagee with respect to all Collateral under the Mortgage, including but not limited to the following: (1) register the International Interest (or Prospective International Interest) of the Mortgagee, under this Mortgage, with respect to each Airframe, Engine and Lease with the International Registry (so long as the lessee of the relevant Airframe or Engine under such Lease is situated in a Contracting State, as provided for in the Cape Town Convention), provided that, the Grantor shall not be required to register any interest (or assignment thereof) with the International Registry with respect to any Engine relating to an aircraft that is registered in a jurisdiction which is a “title grabbing” or “title accession” jurisdiction if the applicable Lease in respect of such aircraft or Engine prohibits such registration; provided further that if the Grantor is advised by legal counsel in the jurisdiction of registration of an Aircraft (other than the United States) that a registration described in this Section 3.01(b)(1) with the International Registry cannot properly be made so long as the Aircraft is registered in such jurisdiction unless a security agreement governed by the laws of such jurisdiction is entered into, then such registration with the International Registry shall not be required for so long as such Aircraft is registered in such jurisdiction; (2) register the International Interest (or Prospective International Interest) of the Lessor, under the Lease with respect to each Airframe and Engine with the International Registry (so long as the lessee of the relevant Airframe or Engine under such Lease is situated in a Contracting State, as provided for in the Cape Town Convention); (3) file for recordation the Prospective International Interest or International Interest and Lien under this Mortgage and the Lease with the FAA pursuant to the Act; (4) file UCC financing statements in such states in the United States of America as required, in the judgment of Mortgagee, to perfect the Lien of Mortgagee in all UCC Collateral, which financing statements shall name - vi - Mortgagee as secured party and as Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties; and (5) maintain the rights and International Interests and assignment of International Interests of the Grantor and Mortgagee in each Airframe and Engine, as against any third parties under the applicable laws of any jurisdiction within the United States and as against any third parties in any Contracting State under the Cape Town Convention; (c) at all times maintain, service, repair, overhaul and test or cause to be maintained, serviced, repaired, overhauled and tested the Mortgaged Property so as to keep the same in as good operating condition as when originally mortgaged hereunder, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and, in any event in the condition required by the relevant Lease; and (d) maintain or cause to be maintained (in the English language) all Records. Grantor hereby confirms, represents and warrants that no further action, including any filing or recording of any document (including any financing statement in respect thereof under Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code of any applicable jurisdiction), is necessary or advisable to establish as against third parties the perfected first priority Lien of the Mortgagee on the Grantor’s interest in the Mortgaged Property and each Lease and in order to properly file, register and record this Mortgage, the International Interest of the Mortgagee under the Mortgage, the assignment of International Interest of Mortgagee under the applicable Lease, or the International Interest of the Lessor in each Airframe and Engine under the applicable Lease, in any applicable jurisdiction in the United States. The Grantor agrees to furnish Mortgagee with copies of all documents relating to the foregoing and with recording and registration data as promptly as practicable following the issuance of the same by the FAA and the International Registry. Section 3.02 Further Assurances. The Grantor will promptly, and in any event no more than five (5) Business Days after such action is required by this Mortgage, take, or cause to be taken, at the Grantor’s cost and expense, such action with respect to the execution, delivery, recording, registration and filing of this Mortgage and any financing statements, Mortgage Supplements or other instruments as are necessary or desirable, or that the Mortgagee may from time to time request, to fully carry out the intent and purpose of this Mortgage and/or to establish, protect, preserve, and/or perfect the Liens created by this Mortgage. The Grantor agrees to furnish to the Mortgagee (a) timely notice of the necessity of any such action, together with such instruments, in execution form, and such other information as may be required to enable the Mortgagee to take such action, and (b) evidence of every such action taken by the Grantor. In addition to the foregoing, during the term of this Mortgage, the Grantor shall establish and maintain a valid and existing account as a Transactional User Entity with the International Registry to make registrations in regard to this Mortgage as required by the Mortgagee. Section 3.03 Liens. The Grantor will not create, consent to or suffer to exist any Lien upon or with respect to any of the Collateral, except for Permitted Liens. Section 3.04 Books and Records. The Grantor shall faithfully keep complete and accurate books and records and make all necessary entries therein to reflect the quantities, costs, - vii - current values and locations of all Collateral, the events and transactions giving rise thereto and all payments, credits and adjustments applicable thereto, shall keep the Mortgagee fully and accurately informed as to the locations of all such books and records. Section 3.05 Priority of Mortgagee’s Security Interest. The Grantor represents, warrants and agrees that no effective security agreement, mortgage, deed of trust, financing statement, equivalent security or Lien instrument or continuation statement covering all or any part of the Collateral is or will be on file or of record in any public office or otherwise, except those filed by the Grantor in favor of Mortgagee pursuant to this Mortgage and/or other Loan Documents, and those relating to other Permitted Liens. The Grantor shall defend the right, title and interest of Mortgagee in and to the Collateral against the claims and demands of all Persons whomsoever, except if such claims or demands are the direct result of Mortgagee’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, and the Grantor shall take such actions, including (i) the prompt delivery of all Chattel Paper subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement, (ii) notification of Mortgagee’s interest in Collateral at Mortgagee’s request, and (iii) the institution of litigation or other proceedings against third parties as shall be prudent in order to protect and preserve the Grantor’s and Mortgagee’s respective and several interests in the Collateral. Section 3.06 Mortgagee’s Rights. (a) In addition to any and all rights under this Mortgage and the other Loan Documents, at any time after the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default, Mortgagee may, at any time in Mortgagee’s own name or in the name of the Grantor, (i) communicate with account debtors, parties to contracts or Leases, and obligors in respect of Chattel Paper or other property constituting Collateral hereunder to verify to Mortgagee’s satisfaction the existence, amount and terms of any such debtor accounts, contracts, Leases, Chattel Paper or other property constituting Collateral hereunder, and (ii) without prior notice to the Grantor, notify account debtors, parties to contracts or Leases, and obligors in respect of Chattel Paper or other property constituting Collateral hereunder that such Collateral has been assigned to Mortgagee and that payments shall be made directly to Mortgagee. Upon the request of Mortgagee, the Grantor shall so notify such parties to contracts or Leases, and obligors in respect of Chattel Paper, Leases or other property constituting Collateral hereunder. (b) It is expressly agreed by the Grantor that the Grantor shall remain liable under each contract, license and Lease to observe and perform all the conditions and obligations to be observed and performed by it thereunder, and Mortgagee shall have no obligation or liability whatsoever to any Person under any contract, license or Lease (between the Grantor, Engine Owner and Equipment Owner and any Person other than Mortgagee) by reason of or arising out of the execution, delivery or performance of this Mortgage, and Mortgagee shall not be required or obligated in any manner (i) to perform or fulfill any of the obligations of the Grantor thereunder, (ii) to make any payment or inquiry, or (iii) to take any action of any kind to collect or enforce any performance or the payment of any amounts which may have been assigned to it or to which it may be entitled at any time or times under or pursuant to any contract, license or Lease. (c) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Grantor, at its own expense, shall cause its independent certified public accountants to prepare and deliver to Mortgagee at any time and from time to time, promptly upon Mortgagee’s request: (i) a - viii - reconciliation of all deposit accounts of the Grantor; (ii) an aging of all deposit accounts of the Grantor; (iii) trial balances; and (iv) test verifications of such accounts as Mortgagee may request. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Grantor, at its own expense, shall cause its independent certified public accountants to deliver to Mortgagee the results of (x) any physical verifications of all or any portion of the Collateral made or observed by such accountants, and (y) any verifications of the Grantor’s deposit accounts, in each case when and if any such verifications are conducted. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, Mortgagee shall be permitted to observe and consult with the Grantor and the Grantor’s certified public accountants in the performance of these tasks. Section 3.07 Reinstatement. The provisions of this Mortgage shall to the extent permitted by Applicable Law remain in full force and effect and continue to be effective even if: (a) any petition is filed by or against the Grantor for liquidation or reorganization; (b) the Grantor becomes insolvent or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors; (c) a receiver or trustee is appointed for all or any significant part of the Grantor’s assets; or (d) at any time payment and performance of the Secured Obligations, or any part thereof: is, pursuant to Applicable Law, rescinded or reduced in amount, or must otherwise be restored or returned by any obligee of the Secured Obligations, whether as a “voidable preference,” “fraudulent transfer” or otherwise, all as though such payment or performance had not been made. In the event that any payment, or any part thereof, is rescinded, reduced, restored or returned, the Secured Obligations and Mortgagee’s Liens in the Collateral shall be reinstated and deemed reduced only by any amount paid and not so rescinded, reduced, restored or returned. Section 3.08 Insurance. The Grantor shall bear the risk of the Mortgaged Property being destroyed, irreparably damaged or rendered permanently unfit for sale, lease or use or being damaged in part, from any cause whatsoever at any time during the term of this Mortgage, and shall maintain, or cause Lessee to maintain, as applicable with financially sound and reputable insurance companies not Affiliates of the Grantor, liability, casualty and other insurance (subject to customary deductibles and retentions) with respect to its properties and business against loss or damage of the kinds customarily insured against by Persons engaged in the same or similar business, of such types and in such amounts as are customarily carried under similar circumstances by such other Persons. Subject to Section 6.07(d) of the Credit Agreement, all such insurance shall (i) provide for not less than thirty (30) days’ prior notice to the Administrative Agent of termination, lapse or cancellation of such insurance, (ii) name the Administrative Agent as additional insured on behalf of the Secured Parties (in the case of liability insurance, all risk ground insurance and flight engine coverage for Engines, and war risk insurance (if applicable)) or loss payee (in the case of property insurance and hull insurance), as applicable and (iii) be reasonably satisfactory in all other respects to the Administrative Agent. If the Grantor or the applicable Lessee fails to pay any premium on any such insurance, the Mortgagee shall have the right, but shall be under no obligation, to pay such premium for the Grantor’s account. The Grantor shall repay to the Mortgagee on demand all sums which the Mortgagee shall have paid under this section in respect of insurance premiums, with interest thereon and the Grantor’s liability to the Mortgagee for such repayment with interest shall be included in the Secured Obligations. ARTICLE IV EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES


 
- ix - Section 4.01 Events of Default. The Grantor shall be in default upon the occurrence of an Event of Default as defined under the Credit Agreement. Section 4.02 Remedies. If any Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, (a) Mortgagee, at its option, may exercise any rights and remedies provided to Agents under the Credit Agreement and/or available at law or equity, including all rights and remedies provided under the Uniform Commercial Code in any jurisdiction where enforcement is sought, which include but are not limited to, the following: (i) without notice accelerate the maturity of any part or all of the Secured Obligations and terminate any agreement for the granting of further credit to the [Borrower][Grantor]; (ii) sell, lease or otherwise dispose of Collateral at public or private sale; (iii) transfer any Collateral into its own name or that of its nominee; (iv) retain Collateral in satisfaction of the Secured Obligations, with notice of such retention sent to the Grantor as required by law; (v) notify any parties obligated on any Collateral consisting of deposit accounts, debt instruments, Chattel Paper, choses in action or the like to make payment to Mortgagee and enforce collection of any Collateral; (vi) file any action or proceeding which Mortgagee deems necessary or appropriate to protect and preserve the right, title and interest of Mortgagee in the Collateral; (vii) exercise its banker’s lien or right of setoff in the same manner as though the credit were unsecured and (viii) apply all or a portion of sums received or collected from or on account of Collateral, including the proceeds of any sales thereof, to the payment of the costs and expenses incurred in preserving and enforcing rights of Mortgagee including reasonable attorneys’ fees (including the allocated costs of Mortgagee’s in-house counsel and legal staff), and after application of such sums to the Secured Obligations as set forth in the Credit Agreement, Mortgagee shall account to the Grantor for any surplus remaining thereafter, and shall pay such surplus to the party entitled thereto, including any second secured party who has made a proper demand upon Mortgagee and has furnished proof to Mortgagee as requested in the manner provided by law; in like manner, the Grantor agrees to pay to Mortgagee without demand any deficiency after any Collateral has been disposed of and proceeds applied as aforesaid. (b) The Grantor expressly agrees that, subject to Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof: Mortgagee may collect, receive, assemble, process, appropriate and realize upon the Collateral, or any part thereof, and may forthwith sell, lease, assign, give an option or options to purchase or otherwise dispose of and deliver said Collateral (or contract to do so), or any part thereof, in one or more parcels at public or private sale or sales, at any exchange at such prices as it may deem best, for cash or on credit or for future delivery without assumption of any credit risk. Mortgagee shall have the right upon any such public sale or sales and, to the extent permitted by law, to purchase for the benefit of Mortgagee by credit bid the whole or any part of said Collateral so sold, free of any right or equity of redemption, which equity of redemption the Grantor hereby releases. Such sales may be adjourned, or continued from time to time with or without notice. The Grantor shall remain liable for any deficiency if the proceeds of any sale or disposition of the Collateral are insufficient to pay the Secured Obligations and all other amounts to which Mortgagee is entitled. (c) The Grantor further agrees, subject to Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof, to assemble the Collateral and make it available to Mortgagee at places which Mortgagee shall reasonably select. Until Mortgagee is able to effect a sale, lease, or other disposition of the Collateral and subject to Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof, Mortgagee shall have the right to complete, - x - assemble, use or operate the Collateral or any part thereof, to the extent that Mortgagee deems appropriate, for the purpose of preserving such Collateral or its value or for any other purpose. In addition, the Grantor will provide, without cost or expense to the Mortgagee, storage facilities for any such Mortgaged Property and will cause such Mortgaged Property to be maintained as required by the terms hereof and of the Credit Agreement. Mortgagee shall have no obligation to the Grantor to maintain or preserve the rights of the Grantor as against third parties with respect to any Collateral while such Collateral is in the possession of Mortgagee. (d) Upon the completion of any sale of any Collateral, full title and (subject to Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof) right of possession to such Mortgaged Property so sold shall (subject to any retention of title by the Mortgagee as part of the terms of such sale) pass to the accepted purchaser forthwith upon the completion of such sale, and the Grantor shall deliver, in accordance with the instructions of the Mortgagee (including causing the such Mortgaged Property to be delivered to such airports as the Mortgagee may specify), such Mortgaged Property so sold. The Mortgagee is hereby irrevocably appointed the true and lawful attorney of the Grantor, and in its stead, to make all necessary conveyances of such Mortgaged Property if so sold. Nevertheless, if so requested by the Mortgagee or by any purchaser, the Grantor shall confirm any such sale or conveyance by executing and delivering all proper instruments of conveyance or releases as may be designated in any such request. If the Grantor shall for any reason fail to deliver such Mortgaged Property or any part thereof after demand by the Mortgagee, the Mortgagee (subject to Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof) may, without being responsible for loss or damage, except to the extent caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Mortgagee, (i) obtain a judgment conferring on the Mortgagee the right to immediate possession or requiring the Grantor to deliver immediate possession of all or part of such Mortgaged Property to the Mortgagee, to the entry of which judgment the Grantor hereby specifically consents, or (ii) with or, to the fullest extent provided by law, without such judgment, pursue the whole or any part of such Mortgaged Property wherever it may be found and enter any of the premises where such Mortgaged Property may be and take possession of and remove the same. Upon every such taking of possession, the Mortgagee may (but shall not be obligated to), from time to time, make all such reasonable expenditures for maintenance, insurance, repairs, replacements, alterations, additions and improvements to and of such Mortgaged Property as it may deem proper. (e) The Grantor hereby covenants and agrees that a notice, which shall be sent in accordance with the provisions of the Credit Agreement or this Mortgage, at least ten (10) Business Days before the date of any of the acts described in this Section 4.02 shall be deemed to be reasonable notice of such act and, specifically, reasonable notification of the time and place of any public sale hereunder and reasonable notification of the time after which any private sale or other intended disposition to be made hereunder is to be made. (f) Mortgagee shall be entitled, as a matter of right as against the Grantor, without notice or demand and without regard to the adequacy of the security for the Secured Obligations by virtue of this Mortgage or any other collateral or to the solvency of the Grantor, upon the commencement of judicial proceedings by it to enforce any right under this Mortgage, to the appointment of a receiver of all or any part of the Collateral. Section 4.03 Expenses of Enforcement. The Grantor shall pay to the Mortgagee on demand any and all reasonable expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and legal expenses - xi - and including the allocated costs of Mortgagee’s in-house counsel and legal staff) which may have been incurred by the Mortgagee, with interest (i) in the prosecution or defense of any action growing out of or connected with the subject matter of this Mortgage, the Secured Obligations, the Collateral or any of the Mortgagee’s rights therein or thereto; or (ii) in connection with the custody, preservation, use, operation, preparation for sale or sale of any of the Collateral or in connection with obtaining possession of any of the Collateral or otherwise exercising any of Mortgagee’s rights and remedies pursuant to this Mortgage, the incurring of all of which are hereby authorized to the extent the Mortgagee deems the same advisable. The Borrower’s liability to the Mortgagee for any such payment with interest shall be included in the Secured Obligations. The Grantor, to the extent of its rights in the Collateral, waives and releases any right to require the Mortgagee to collect any of the Secured Obligations from any other Collateral (as defined under the Credit Agreement) or any other collateral then held by the Mortgagee under any theory of marshaling of assets or otherwise. Section 4.04 Waiver of Appraisement Etc. The Grantor agrees, to the fullest extent that it lawfully may, that it will not (and hereby irrevocably waives its right to) at any time plead, or claim the benefit or advantage of, any appraisement, valuation, stay, extension, moratorium or redemption law now or hereafter in force, in order to prevent or hinder the enforcement of this Mortgage or the absolute sale of the Collateral. Section 4.05 Waiver of Claims. To the maximum extent permitted by Applicable Law, the Grantor waives all claims, damages, and demands against Mortgagee, its Affiliates, agents, and the officers and employees of any of them arising out of the repossession, retention or sale of any Collateral and any other acts or failure to act in connection with Mortgagee’s rights and remedies hereunder, except such as are determined in a final judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction to have arisen out of the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Person. Section 4.06 Additional Waivers. The Grantor waives: (a) all right to require Mortgagee to proceed against any other person including [the Borrower, any other Guarantor] under the Credit Agreement or to apply any Collateral that Mortgagee may hold at any time or to pursue any other remedy, Collateral, endorsers or guarantors may be released, substituted or added without affecting the liability of the Grantor hereunder; (b) the benefit of any statute of limitations in any action upon any obligations of the Grantor secured hereby; (c) any right of subrogation and any right to participate in Collateral until all obligations secured hereby have been paid in full; and (d) to the fullest extent permitted by law, any right to oppose the appointment of a receiver or similar official to operate Borrower’s business after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default. Section 4.07 Remedies Cumulative, No Waiver. No remedy herein conferred upon the Mortgagee is intended to be exclusive of any other remedy, but every such remedy shall be cumulative and shall be in addition to every other remedy herein conferred or now or hereafter existing in law. The exercise by the Mortgagee of any one right or remedy shall not be deemed a waiver or release of or any election against any other right or remedy, and the Mortgagee may proceed against the Grantor or any other Person and the Collateral and any other collateral granted by the Grantor to the Mortgagee under any other agreement, all in any order and through any available remedies. A waiver on any one occasion shall not be construed as a waiver or bar on any future occasion. All property of any kind held at any time by the Mortgagee as Collateral shall - xii - stand as one general continuing collateral security for all the Secured Obligations and may be retained by the Mortgagee as security until all the Secured Obligations are fully satisfied. Section 4.08 Application of Proceeds. Proceeds of any sale, lease or other disposition or other realization upon any Collateral pursuant to this Mortgage and all other sums realized or held by the Mortgagee under this Mortgage or any proceedings hereunder (including any proceeds of insurance) shall be applied by any Secured Party upon receipt as set forth in Section 8.03 Credit Agreement. Section 4.09 Delay or Omission: Possession of Notes. (a) No delay or omission of the Mortgagee to exercise any right or remedy arising upon the happening of any Default or Event of Default shall impair any right or remedy or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such Default or Event of Default or an acquiescence therein; and every right and remedy given to the Mortgagee by this Article IV or by Applicable Law may be exercised from time to time and as often as may be deemed expedient by the Mortgagee. (b) All rights of action under this Mortgage may be enforced by the Mortgagee without the possession of any Note(s) or any other instrument or document evidencing any obligation or the production thereof in any proceeding. Section 4.10 Power of Attorney. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default, the Grantor hereby irrevocably appoints the Mortgagee the true and lawful attorney of the Grantor for the duration of this Mortgage (with full power of substitution) in the name, place and stead of, and at the expense of, the Grantor in connection with the enforcement of the rights and remedies provided for in this Article IV: (a) to give any necessary receipts or acquittances for amounts collected or received hereunder, (b) to make all necessary transfers of the Mortgaged Property in connection with any sale, lease or other disposition made pursuant hereto, (c) to execute and deliver for value all necessary or appropriate bills of sale, assignments and other instruments in connection with any such sale, lease or other disposition, the Grantor hereby ratifying and confirming all that such attorney (or any substitute) shall lawfully do hereunder and pursuant hereto, (d) to sign any agreements, orders or other documents in connection with or pursuant to any Lease, (e) to endorse Borrower’s name on any checks, notices, acceptances, money orders, drafts, or other forms of payment or security that may come into Mortgagee’s possession; (f) to receive, open, and retain all mail addressed to the Grantor relating to the Collateral, (g) to make, settle, and adjust all claims under Borrower’s policies of insurance and make all determinations and decisions with respect to such policies of insurance relating to the Collateral, (h) to settle and adjust disputes and claims respecting the Accounts directly with Account Debtors, for amounts and upon terms which Mortgagee determines to be reasonable, and Mortgagee may cause to be executed and delivered any documents and releases which Mortgagee determines to be necessary, and (i) to sign the name of the Grantor on any document to be executed, recorded or filed in order to perfect or continue perfected Mortgagee’s Lien upon the Collateral if the Grantor fails to do so promptly after request therefor by Mortgagee, including filing any financing or continuation statement without the signature of the Grantor to the extent permitted by Applicable Law. The power of attorney granted hereby may not be exercised unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and Mortgagee has notified Grantor that it will enforce its


 
- xiii - security interest in the Collateral if such notice is specifically required under the applicable Loan Documents (including pursuant to any notice and cure rights). The appointment of Mortgagee as Borrower’s attorney-in-fact, and each and every one of Mortgagee’s rights and powers, being coupled with an interest, is irrevocable until all of the Secured Obligations have been fully repaid and performed. MORTGAGEE AND ANY OF ITS OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, LENDERS OR REPRESENTATIVES SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE TO THE GRANTOR OR ANY OTHER PERSON FOR ANY ACT OR FAILURE TO ACT PURSUANT TO THE POWERS GRANTED UNDER THE POWER OF ATTORNEY HEREIN OR OTHERWISE, EXCEPT FOR ITS OR THEIR OWN GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR WILLFUL MISCONDUCT, NOR FOR ANY PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. ARTICLE V CONCERNING THE LEASES Section 5.01 Acknowledgment of Leases. The Grantor and the Mortgagee acknowledge and agree for the benefit of each Lessee that notwithstanding any other provisions hereof to the contrary, the Lien of this Mortgage shall, so long as no Lease Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, be expressly subject to all of the rights of such Lessee under the applicable Lease. Section 5.02 Quiet Enjoyment. Etc. The Grantor and the Mortgagee acknowledge and agree for the benefit of each Lessee that notwithstanding any other provision hereof to the contrary: (a) so long as no Lease Event of Default under the applicable Lease shall have occurred and be continuing, the Mortgagee shall not interfere or permit any Person acting by, through or under the Mortgagee to interfere with any right of such Lessee peaceably and quietly without hindrance or molestation to hold, possess and use, during the term of the applicable Lease and in accordance with the terms thereof, the applicable Mortgaged Property; (b) subject to the provisions of this Mortgage, and until the occurrence of an Event of Default (which Event of Default has not been waived in writing by the Mortgagee) and upon demand by the Mortgagee following notice to Grantor that it will enforce its security interest in the Collateral (if such notice is specifically required under the applicable Loan Documents (including pursuant to any notice and cure rights)), the Grantor may exercise all the rights and enjoy all the benefits of the lessor under the applicable Lease; (c) any amounts held by the Mortgagee or any agent or trustee acting on behalf of the Mortgagee for which application is provided in the Lease or applicable replacement lease shall be applied solely as provided in such lease. Section 5.03 Miscellaneous. (a) The Grantor shall remain liable as lessor under the applicable Lease to perform all the obligations assumed by the Grantor thereunder. The obligations of the Grantor under the applicable Lease may be performed by Mortgagee or any subsequent assignee of the Mortgagee (“Subsequent Mortgagee”) without releasing the Grantor therefrom. The Mortgagee or any Subsequent Mortgagee shall have no liability or obligation under any Lease by reason of this Mortgage and shall not, by reason of this Mortgage, be obligated to perform any of the - xiv - obligations of the Grantor under the Leases or to file any claim or take any other action to collect or enforce any payment assigned hereunder. (b) The Grantor hereby agrees (i) to perform duly and punctually each of the terms, conditions and covenants contained in the Leases, and (ii) subject to the Grantor’s business judgment and reasonable commercial practice, to exercise promptly and diligently each and every right it may have under the Leases. (c) The Grantor does hereby warrant and represent that all Leases are in full force and effect and that it has not assigned or pledged, and hereby covenants that it will not assign or pledge, so long as this Mortgage shall remain in effect, the whole or any part of the rights to the Leases or any other of the rights hereby assigned, to anyone other than the Mortgagee except in the case of Permitted Liens or as may otherwise be permitted under the Credit Agreement. ARTICLE VI MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Section 6.01 Amendments, Etc. None of the terms or provisions of this Mortgage may be waived, amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except by a written instrument executed by the Grantor and Mortgagee, provided, that any provision of this Mortgage may be waived by the Mortgagee in a written letter or agreement executed by the Mortgagee or by facsimile transmission from the Mortgagee, and any such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. Section 6.02 Notices. The provisions of Section 11.02 of the Credit Agreement shall be incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms; provided that the address of the Grantor for all notices and other communications is the address set forth for the Borrower on Schedule 1.01(a) of the Credit Agreement. Section 6.03 Continuing Lien and Security Interests; Transfer. This Mortgage shall create a continuing lien and security interest in the Collateral and (i) shall remain in full force and effect until the earlier to occur of the following: (a) payment in full of the Obligations (other than contingent obligations which by their nature cannot be satisfied by payment at such time) and (b) either (i) expiration of the term of the Credit Agreement or (ii) termination of the obligation of any Lender to make any advances to the Borrower pursuant to the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document (ii) shall be binding upon the Grantor, its successors and assigns, and (iii) shall inure, together with the rights and remedies of the Mortgagee hereunder, to the benefit of the Mortgagee, and its respective successors, transferees and assigns. The Mortgagee may, but subject to the provisions of Section 9.06 of the Credit Agreement, assign or otherwise transfer its rights hereunder or under the Credit Agreement to any other Person, and such other Person shall thereupon become vested with all the benefits in respect thereof granted to the Mortgagee herein or otherwise, subject, however, to the provisions hereof; provided that, as soon as practicable after such assignment or transfer, Mortgagee shall notify the Grantor of any change in payment instructions necessitated by such assignment or transfer. - xv - Section 6.04 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial. The provisions of Sections 11.14 and 11.15 of the Credit Agreement are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms. Section 6.05 Severability. The invalidity of any one or more of the provisions of this Mortgage shall not affect the remaining provisions of this Mortgage; if any one or more of the provisions of this Mortgage should be held by any court of law to be invalid, or should operate to render this Mortgage invalid or to impair the lien and security interest of this Mortgage on all or the major portion of the property intended to be mortgaged hereunder, this Mortgage shall be construed as if such provisions had not been contained therein. Section 6.06 Entire Agreement. This Mortgage (including all exhibits hereto) and the documents executed pursuant hereto constitute the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements, commitments, understandings or inducements (oral or written, expressed or implied), and may not be modified, altered or amended except by a written agreement signed by Grantor and Mortgagee. Section 6.07 Counterparts. This Mortgage may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Mortgage by electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Mortgage. Subject to Section 11.18 of the Credit Agreement, this Mortgage may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures (including facsimile and .pdf) and shall be considered an original and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. Section 6.08 Credit Agreement to Control. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Mortgage and the terms of the Credit Agreement, the terms of the Credit Agreement shall control. Section 6.09 Time of the Essence. Time is of the essence for performance of any obligations under this Mortgage. Section 6.10 Termination and Release. (a) Full Release. Upon the earlier to occur of (i) payment in full of all Obligations (other than contingent obligations which by their nature cannot be satisfied by payment at such time) and either (x) expiration of the term of the Credit Agreement or (y) termination of the obligation of any Lender to make any advances to the Borrower pursuant to the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document; or (ii) release by the Mortgagee of the Lien created hereunder in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Mortgage, the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents, this Mortgage, and all of the powers, rights and interests granted hereunder and created hereby shall forthwith terminate, and the Mortgagee shall, at the cost and expense of the Grantor, execute and deliver all such documents and instruments reasonably necessary to accomplish the same, within a reasonable period of time. - xvi - (b) Partial Release. Notwithstanding paragraph (a), the Grantor shall be entitled to have any item of Collateral released from this Mortgage, which partial releases shall be in form reasonably satisfactory to Mortgagee, for the following reasons: (i) for sale or other disposal of Collateral not prohibited by the Credit Agreement; or (ii) to allow the relevant Collateral to be pledged to another lender in connection with the incurrence of Indebtedness permitted under the Credit Agreement, but solely to the extent the Lien created herein shall be required to be released and not subordinated as a condition thereof (and the Grantor shall use reasonable efforts to require such subordination in lieu of release). If any item of Collateral released pursuant to the foregoing is then the subject of a Lease from the Grantor and if the lessee has deposited with the Grantor any related cash, letter of credit, guaranty or security deposit, maintenance reserve or other cash deposit that does not constitute payment of rental under the relevant Lease, then at the time of release of the relevant Collateral the Mortgagee shall also release the related cash deposit and letter of credit. [Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]


 
S-1 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Mortgage to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written. [WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION][INSERT NAME OF APPLICABLE WLFC SUBSIDIARY] As Grantor By: Name: Title: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as Collateral Agent As Mortgagee By: Name: Title: Exhibit A - 1 EXHIBIT A The Mortgaged Property and Leases Mortgaged Property Description Lease Description [insert description of Mortgaged Property, including manufacturer, model type and serial number. For descriptions of Aircraft, Airframes and Engines, confirm the description of such Mortgaged Property with FAA counsel] [Any now existing and all after-acquired leases of the Engines or Aircraft described in this Exhibit A hereafter arising in which Owner Trustee is the lessor or an assignee of a lessor with respect to the Engines or Aircraft, as the same may be modified, amended or supplemented from time to time [, including but not limited to the following: Insert description of existing lease here with FAA recording information]1]2 1 If the Engine or Aircraft is subject to a lease, include the bracketed language and insert the description of the existing lease with FAA recording information. Otherwise, delete the bracketed wording. 2 Include this wording each time the Mortgaged Property is an Engine or Aircraft. EXHIBIT B FORM OF MORTGAGE SUPPLEMENT [Appended. ] Exhibit B-1 xhibit - HIBIT F RTGAGE ENT ended. FORM OF MORTGAGE SUPPLEMENT THIS MORTGAGE SUPPLEMENT dated ___________________, 20___ (the “Mortgage Supplement”) is made by [WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION][INSERT NAME OF APPLICABLE WLFC SUBSIDIARY], a [Delaware corporation][insert jurisdiction and type of entity] (the “Grantor”) in favor of BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as Collateral Agent for itself and on behalf of the Secured Parties (as defined below) (together with its successors and assigns, the “Mortgagee”). WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, [Grantor][Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Borrower”)] has entered into that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the [Grantor][Borrower], the [Grantor and the other] Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Mortgagee, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time. All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Credit Agreement; WHEREAS, [the Grantor is a Subsidiary of Borrower and will receive substantial direct and indirect benefit from the transactions under the Credit Agreement and] it is a condition precedent and requirement under the Credit Agreement that the Grantor shall have entered into that certain Mortgage and Security Agreement dated as of ___________, 2024 in favor of the Mortgagee, which was recorded by the FAA on _________, 2024 and assigned FAA Conveyance No. ___________, (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, herein called the “Mortgage”); WHEREAS, the Mortgage provides for the execution and delivery from time to time of Mortgage Supplements thereto, each of which shall describe certain additional Collateral (such term and other defined terms in the Mortgage being herein used with the same meanings) and shall specifically mortgage such Collateral to the Mortgagee; and WHEREAS, the Grantor desires to mortgage, pledge and grant a security interest in the Mortgaged Property and Lease as set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, this Mortgage Supplement witnesseth, that to secure (i) the prompt and complete payment and performance when due of all of the Secured Obligations and (ii) the performance and observance by the Grantor of all the agreements, covenants and provisions in the Mortgage, and in consideration of the premises and of the covenants contained in the Mortgage, and of the sum of $1.00 paid to the Grantor by the Mortgagee at or before the delivery hereof, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, the Grantor has mortgaged, pledged, granted a security interest in and confirmed unto the Mortgagee, and does hereby mortgage, pledge, grant a security interest in and confirm unto the Mortgagee, the following described property to be included in the defined term “Collateral” and to be subject to all terms of the Mortgage, as amended hereby: Exhibit B-2


 
Exhibit B-3 A. [(i) [One (1) _____________ model _____ aircraft engine bearing Manufacturer’s Serial Number ___________ (which is described on the pre-populated drop down menus of the International Registry as a ________ model _______ engine bearing manufacturer’s serial number ________) , together with all Parts which are either incorporated or installed in or attached to such Engine or required to be subject to the lien and security interest of this Mortgage;][One (1) ___________ model ____________ aircraft bearing manufacturer’s serial number ___________ and Registration Number _____ (which is described on the pre-populated drop down menus of the International Registry as a ________ model _______ aircraft bearing manufacturer’s serial number ________).] (ii) Each of the lease agreements described below and any and all after-acquired leases hereafter arising in which Grantor is lessor or an assignee of a lessor covering such Mortgaged Property, as the same may be modified, amended or supplemented from time to time: [list any existing leases here] B. all right, title and interest of the Grantor in, to and under the overhaul, repair and maintenance manuals, programs and catalogues which are part of or used in connection with the maintenance program and all warranties and rights relating thereto in respect of such Mortgaged Property; C. all Records; and D. all Proceeds of all or any of the foregoing. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD all and singular the aforesaid property unto the Mortgagee, its successors and assigns, for the uses and purposes and subject to the terms and provisions set forth in the Mortgage. This Mortgage Supplement shall be construed as supplemental to the Mortgage and shall form a part of the Mortgage and the Mortgage is hereby incorporated by reference herein and is hereby ratified, approved and confirmed. This Mortgage Supplement is being delivered in the state of New York. This Mortgage Supplement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Mortgage Supplement by electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Mortgage Supplement. Subject to Section 11.18 of the Credit Agreement, this Mortgage Supplement may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures (including facsimile and .pdf) and shall be considered an original and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. AND, FURTHER, the Grantor hereby acknowledges that the Collateral covered by this Mortgage Supplement has been delivered to the Grantor and is included in the property of the Grantor covered by all the terms and conditions of the Mortgage. [Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank] Exhibit B-4xhibit - D, THER, e rantor r y ledges at e o lateral ered is ortgage pl ent s en li ered e rantor d ed e perty f e rantor ered l e s d diti ns f e ortgage. ainder f ge t a ly eft l nk] Exhibit B-5 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Mortgage Supplement to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written. [WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION] [INSERT NAME OF APPLICABLE WLFC SUBSIDIARY] By: Name: Title: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as Collateral Agent As Mortgagee By: Name: Title: EXHIBIT G Form of Beneficial Interest Pledge Agreement [Appended] #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 - - I T r f eneficial rest l ge gree ent pended]


 
MASTER BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT dated as of October [__], 2024 among [WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION][or if by Subsidiary that is a Guarantor _______________], as Owner Participant, BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Collateral Agent and [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [BANK OF UTAH][U.S. BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION], not in its individual capacity, but solely as owner trustee, as Owner Trustee MASTER BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT THIS BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, the “Pledge Agreement”), dated as of October 31, 2024, is among [WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation][or if by Subsidiary that is Guarantor ______________,] (the “Owner Participant”), [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [BANK OF UTAH][U.S. BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][or other Owner Trustee], not individually, but solely as Owner Trustee (the “Owner Trustee”), under those certain Trust Agreements (as defined below), and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. (together with its successors and assigns, “Collateral Agent”), in its capacity as Collateral Agent for itself and on behalf of the Secured Parties under the Credit Agreement (as defined below). W I T N E S S E T H: WHEREAS, Owner Participant and the Owner Trustee entered into the Trust Agreements (as hereinafter defined), pursuant to which the Owner Trustee has agreed to hold the Trust Estate (as defined in each Trust Agreement) for the benefit of the Owner Participant in accordance with the terms of the Trust Agreements; WHEREAS, the Owner Trustee made that certain Master Owner Trustee Guaranty dated as of October [__], 2024 in favor of the Collateral Agent (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, the “Owner Trustee Guaranty”) pursuant to which the Owner Trustee has agreed to guaranty certain obligations of the Owner Participant in accordance with the terms of the Owner Trustee Guaranty, which Owner Trustee Guaranty is secured by that certain Master Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement dated as of October [__], 2024, made by the Owner Trustee, in its capacity as trustee, in favor of the Collateral Agent (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, the “Owner Trustee Mortgage”). WHEREAS, the [Owner Participant, as borrower][Willis Lease Finance Corporation (“the Borrower”)], has entered into that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the [Owner Participant][ Borrower], the [Owner Participant and the other] Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Agent, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as the Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time; and WHEREAS, it is a condition under the Credit Agreement that the Owner Participant and the Owner Trustee shall have executed and delivered this Pledge Agreement to the Collateral Agent pursuant to which the Owner Participant shall pledge to the Collateral Agent all of the Owner Participant’s rights and interests in, to and under the Trust Agreements, including, all of the Owner Participant’s right, title and interest thereunder in and to each Trust Estate (such rights and interests and such right, title and interest being referred to herein collectively as the “Beneficial Interest”). 2 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Owner Participant and the Owner Trustee hereby agree with the Collateral Agent as follows: 1. Defined Terms. All capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in (or by reference in) the Credit Agreement. The interpretive provisions of Section 1.02 of the Credit Agreement are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms. As used in this Pledge Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below: “BIPA Supplement” means any BIPA supplement, substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto. “Code” means the Uniform Commercial Code as from time to time in effect in the State of New York. “Collateral” shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 2 of this Pledge Agreement. “Equipment” shall have the meaning assigned to it in the Trust Agreement. “Excluded Payment” means (i) any indemnity payments paid or payable pursuant to the Leases to or in respect of the Owner Participant, its Affiliates, successors and permitted assigns and their directors, officers, employees, servants and agents or any corresponding payments, (ii) proceeds of public liability insurance in respect of the Equipment payable as a result of insurance claims made, or losses suffered, by the Owner Participant, which are payable directly to or in respect of the Owner Participant, or its Affiliates, successors and permitted assigns and their directors, officers, employees, servants and agents, respectively, for its own account, (iii) proceeds of insurance maintained with respect to the Equipment by the Owner Participant or any Affiliate thereof for its or their own account or benefit and permitted under the Leases, (iv) any interest that pursuant to the Loan Documents may from time to time accrue in respect of any of the amounts described in clauses (i) through (iii) above, (v) the proceeds from the enforcement of any right to enforce the payment of any amount described in clauses (i) through (iii) above (provided that the rights referred to in this clause (v) shall not be deemed to include the exercise of any remedies provided for in the Leases other than the right to sue for specific performance of any covenant to make such payment or to sue for damages in respect of the breach of any such covenant), and (vi) any right to exercise any election or option or make any decision or determination, or to give or receive any notice, consent, waiver or approval, or to take any other action in respect of, but in each case, only to the extent relating to, any Excluded Payments. Nothing herein is intended to limit or restrict any Lien granted to the Collateral Agent under any other Loan Document. “Lease” shall mean that certain lease agreement as described in each Trust Agreement, as applicable. “Lessee” shall mean the Lessee under the applicable Lease. “Proceeds” shall have the meaning specified in the Code. 3 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT “Trust Agreement” shall mean each trust agreement described on Exhibit A hereto or in a BIPA Supplement hereto which has not been the subject of a release. “Trust Estate” shall have the meaning specified in each Trust Agreement, as applicable. 2. Grant of Lien. (a) As collateral security for the prompt payment and performance of all Obligations and all obligations of the Owner Participant (referred to herein collectively as the “Secured Obligations”), for the ratable benefit of Secured Parties, the Owner Participant hereby grants, bargains, conveys and assigns to the Collateral Agent a first priority Lien in all of the following property now owned or at any time hereafter acquired by the Owner Participant or in which the Owner Participant now has or at any time in the future may acquire any right, title or interest, excluding, however, any and all Excluded Payments (collectively, the “Collateral”): (1) the Beneficial Interest (including all rights of the Owner Participant in and to the Trust Agreements and the Trust Estates and all rights of Owner Participant in and to the Leases and any insurance or requisition proceeds in respect of the Equipment); and (2) to the extent not otherwise included, all Proceeds and products of any and all of the foregoing (including proceeds of the sale of the Equipment). (b) So long as an Event of Default has not occurred and is not continuing, the Owner Participant shall be entitled to remain in full possession, enjoyment and control of the Collateral and to manage and use the same and each part thereof with the same rights and franchises appertaining thereto; provided always that the possession, use, enjoyment and control of the Collateral shall at all times be subject to the terms of this Pledge Agreement and the other Loan Documents and the Lien and security interest granted hereunder and thereunder. 3. Limitations on Collateral Agent’s Obligations. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Owner Participant and the Owner Trustee shall remain liable under each of the agreements constituting part of or relating to the Beneficial Interest to observe and perform all the conditions and obligations to be observed and performed by them thereunder, all in accordance with the terms and provisions thereof. The Collateral Agent shall have no obligation or liability under any of the agreements constituting part of or relating to the Beneficial Interest by reason of or arising out of this Pledge Agreement or the receipt by the Collateral Agent of any payment relating thereto pursuant hereto, nor shall the Collateral Agent be obligated in any manner to perform any of the obligations of the Owner Participant under or pursuant to any of the agreements constituting part of or relating to the Beneficial Interest, to make any payment, to make any inquiry as to the nature or the sufficiency of any payment received by it or as to the sufficiency of any performance by any party under any of the agreements constituting part of or relating to the Beneficial Interest, to present or file any claim, to take any action to enforce any performance or to collect the payment of any amounts which may have been assigned to it or to which it may be entitled at any time or times. 4. Representations and Warranties. The Owner Participant hereby represents and warrants that:


 
4 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (a) Title; No Other Liens. Except for the Lien granted to the Collateral Agent pursuant to this Pledge Agreement and Permitted Liens, the Owner Participant has not granted any Lien in, or other claims in respect of, the Collateral. No security agreement, financing statement or other public notice with respect to all or any part of the Collateral has been placed by the Owner Participant on file or of record in any public office, except such as may have been filed in favor of the Collateral Agent pursuant to this Pledge Agreement, another Loan Document or any Permitted Liens. (b) Perfected First Priority Liens. The Owner Participant will take such action within the United States as the Collateral Agent reasonably determines necessary in order to perfect a first priority Lien in the Collateral in favor of the Collateral Agent. (c) Contracts. Assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by the other parties thereto, each of the agreements constituting part of the Beneficial Interest to which the Owner Participant is a party is in full force and effect and constitutes a valid and legally enforceable obligation of the Owner Participant, except as enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, or by equitable principles relating to the granting of specific performance and other equitable remedies as a matter of judicial discretion. No consent or authorization of, filing with or other act by or in respect of any Governmental Authority applicable to it is required in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Owner Participant or the validity or enforceability against the Owner Participant of any of the agreements constituting part of the Beneficial Interest other than those which have been duly obtained, made or performed. Neither the Owner Participant nor (to the best of the Owner Participant’s knowledge) any other party to any of the agreements constituting part of the Beneficial Interest is in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms thereof. The Owner Participant has fully performed all obligations owing up to this date under each of the agreements constituting part of the Beneficial Interest. The right, title and interest of the Owner Participant in, to and under each of the agreements constituting part of the Beneficial Interest are not subject to any defense, offset, counterclaim or claim which would materially adversely affect the value of such agreements as Collateral, nor have any of the foregoing been asserted or alleged against the Owner Participant as to any of the agreements constituting part of or relating to the Beneficial Interest. The Owner Participant shall deliver to the Collateral Agent a complete and correct copy of each of the agreements constituting part of or relating to the Beneficial Interest, including all amendments, supplements and other modifications thereto. 5. Covenants. The Owner Participant covenants and agrees with the Collateral Agent that, from and after the date of this Pledge Agreement until the Secured Obligations are paid in full or the Lien created hereunder is released or terminated in accordance with the terms hereof: (a) Further Documentation. Subject to Section 4(b), at any time and from time to time, upon the written request of the Collateral Agent, and at the sole expense of the Owner Participant, the Owner Participant will promptly and duly execute and deliver such further instruments and documents and take such further action as the Collateral Agent may reasonably request for the purpose of obtaining or preserving the full benefits of this Pledge Agreement and of the rights and powers herein granted, including the filing of any financing or continuation 5 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT statements under the Uniform Commercial Code in effect in the applicable jurisdiction with respect to the Liens created hereby. (b) Expenses of Enforcement. Subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Owner Participant shall pay to the Collateral Agent on demand any and all reasonable expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and legal expenses) which may have been incurred by the Collateral Agent, with interest (i) in the prosecution or defense of any action growing out of or connected with the subject matter of this Pledge Agreement, the Secured Obligations, the Collateral or any of the Collateral Agent’s rights therein or thereto; or (ii) in connection with the custody, preservation, use, operation, preparation for sale or sale of any of the Collateral or in connection with obtaining possession of any of the Collateral, the incurring of all of which are hereby authorized to the extent the Collateral Agent deems the same advisable. The Owner Participant’s liability to the Collateral Agent for any such payment with interest shall be included in the Secured Obligations. The Proceeds of any Collateral received by the Collateral Agent at any time before or after default, whether from a sale or other disposition of Collateral or otherwise, or the Collateral itself, may be applied to the payment in full or in part of such of the Secured Obligations and in such order and manner as the Collateral Agent may elect. The Owner Participant, to the extent of its rights in the Collateral, waives and releases any right to require the Collateral Agent to collect any of the Secured Obligations from any other of the Collateral or any other collateral then held by the Collateral Agent under any theory of marshaling of assets or otherwise. (c) Notices. The Owner Participant will advise the Collateral Agent promptly, in reasonable detail, at its address set forth in the Credit Agreement, of any Lien (other than Liens created hereby or permitted under the Credit Agreement) on, or claim asserted against, any of the Collateral of which it has knowledge. (d) No Amendment to Trust Agreement. The Owner Participant will not amend, supplement, modify or terminate any Trust Agreement, or revoke the trust established pursuant to any Trust Agreement, without the Collateral Agent’s prior written consent; provided, however, that so long as no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Owner Participant may, without such consent: (1) amend or supplement any Trust Agreement to add property to a Trust Estate or to substitute Equipment, provided that the terms of the Credit Agreement are complied with in connection with such substitution; (2) amend any Trust Agreement in any manner that does not adversely affect the interests of the Collateral Agent; and (3) replace the Owner Trustee in accordance with the terms of any Trust Agreement, provided that the successor Owner Trustee agrees in writing to be bound by the terms of this Pledge Agreement, the Owner Trustee Guaranty and the Owner Trustee Mortgage. (e) Information and Reports. The Owner Participant will promptly furnish or cause to be furnished to the Collateral Agent such information, reports and records in respect of or relating to the Beneficial Interest as the Collateral Agent may reasonably request from time to time. (f) Books and Records; Inspection. The Owner Participant will faithfully keep or cause to be kept complete and accurate books and records and make all necessary entries therein to reflect the quantities, costs, current values and locations of all Collateral, the events 6 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT and transactions giving rise thereto and all payments, credits and adjustment applicable thereto, shall keep the Collateral Agent fully and accurately informed as to the locations of all such books and records and shall permit the Collateral Agent’s agents to have such access to them and to any other records pertaining to the Owner Participant’s business as the Collateral Agent may request from time to time. 6. Collateral Agent’s Appointment as Attorney-in-Fact. (a) Powers. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default, the Owner Participant hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Collateral Agent and any officer or agent thereof, with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful attorney-in-fact with full irrevocable power and authority in the place and stead of the Owner Participant and in the name of the Owner Participant or in its own name, from time to time in the Collateral Agent’s discretion, for the purpose of carrying out the terms of this Pledge Agreement, to take any and all appropriate action and to execute any and all documents and instruments which may be necessary or desirable to accomplish the purposes of this Pledge Agreement, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Owner Participant hereby gives the Collateral Agent the power and right, on behalf of the Owner Participant, without notice to or assent by the Owner Participant, to do the following: (i) in the case of any Collateral, in the name of the Owner Participant or its own name, or otherwise, take possession of and indorse and collect any checks, drafts, notes, acceptances or other instruments for the payment of moneys due under any agreement constituting part of the Beneficial Interest or with respect to any other Collateral (including the Trust Estates) and to file any claim or take any other action or proceeding in any court of law or equity or otherwise deemed appropriate by the Collateral Agent for the purpose of collecting any and all such moneys due under any agreement constituting part of the Beneficial Interest or with respect to any other Collateral (including the Trust Estates) whenever payable; (ii) pay or discharge taxes and Liens (other than Permitted Liens) levied or placed on or threatened against the Collateral or any part thereof; and (iii) (A) direct any party liable for any payment under any of the Collateral to make payment of any and all moneys due or to become due thereunder directly to the Collateral Agent or as the Collateral Agent shall direct; (B) ask or demand for, collect, receive payment of and receipt for, any and all moneys, claims and other amounts due or to become due at any time in respect of or arising out of any Collateral; (C) commence and prosecute any suits, actions or proceedings at law or in equity in any court of competent jurisdiction to collect the Collateral or any thereof and to enforce any other right in respect of any Collateral; (D) to defend any suit, action or proceeding brought against the Owner Participant with respect to any Collateral; (E) settle, compromise or adjust any suit, action or proceeding described in clause (D) above and, in connection therewith, give such discharges or releases as the Collateral Agent may deem appropriate; and (F) generally, sell, transfer, pledge and make any agreement with respect to or otherwise deal with any of the Collateral as fully and completely as though the Collateral Agent were the absolute owner thereof for all purposes, and perform at the Collateral Agent’s option and the Owner Participant’s expense, at any time, or from time to time, all acts and things which the Collateral Agent deems necessary to protect, preserve or realize upon the Collateral and the 7 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT Collateral Agent’s Liens thereon and to effect the intent of this Pledge Agreement, all as fully and effectively as the Owner Participant might do. The Collateral Agent agrees not to exercise its rights under this Section when doing so would be inconsistent with the acknowledgment and agreement made by the Collateral Agent under Sections 5.01 and 5.02 of the Mortgage for the benefit of the Lessee. (b) Other Powers. The Owner Participant also authorizes the Collateral Agent, at any time and from time to time, to execute, in connection with the sale provided for in Section 9 hereof, any endorsements, assignments or other instruments of conveyance or transfer with respect to the Collateral. (c) No Duty on Collateral Agent’s Part. The powers conferred on the Collateral Agent hereunder are solely to protect the Collateral Agent’s interests in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon the Collateral Agent to exercise any such powers. The Collateral Agent shall be accountable only for amounts that it actually receives as a result of the exercise of such powers, and neither it nor any of its officers, directors, employees or agents shall be responsible to the Owner Participant for any act or failure to act hereunder, except for its own gross negligence or willful misconduct. 7. Performance by Collateral Agent of Owner Participant’s Obligations. If the Owner Participant fails to perform or comply with any of its agreements contained herein and the Collateral Agent, as provided for by the terms of this Pledge Agreement, shall itself perform or comply, or otherwise cause performance or compliance, with such agreement, the reasonable expenses of the Collateral Agent incurred in connection with such performance or compliance, together with interest thereon at the rate provided for in the Credit Agreement, shall be payable by the Owner Participant to the Collateral Agent on demand and shall constitute Secured Obligations secured hereby. 8. Proceeds. It is agreed that if an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing (a) all Proceeds received by the Owner Participant consisting of cash, checks and other near-cash items shall be held by the Owner Participant in trust for the Collateral Agent, segregated from other funds of the Owner Participant, and shall, forthwith upon receipt by the Owner Participant, be turned over to the Collateral Agent in the exact form received by the Owner Participant (duly endorsed by the Owner Participant to the Collateral Agent, if required), and (b) any and all such Proceeds received by the Collateral Agent (whether from the Owner Participant or otherwise) may, in the sole discretion of the Collateral Agent, be held by the Collateral Agent and applied in the manner specified in Section 11 hereof. 9. Remedies. If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the Collateral Agent may exercise, in addition to all other rights and remedies granted to it in this Pledge Agreement and in any other instrument or agreement securing, evidencing or relating to the Secured Obligations, all rights and remedies of a secured party under the Code. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Collateral Agent, without demand of performance or other demand, presentment, protest, advertisement or notice of any kind (except any notice required by law referred to below) to or upon the Owner Participant or any other Person (all and each of which demands, defenses, advertisements and notices are hereby waived), may during an Event


 
8 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT of Default that has occurred and is continuing forthwith collect, receive, appropriate and realize upon the Collateral, or any part thereof, and/or may forthwith sell, lease, assign, give option or options to purchase, or otherwise dispose of and deliver the Collateral or any part thereof (or contract to do any of the foregoing), in one or more parcels at public or private sale or sales, at any exchange, broker’s board or office of the Collateral Agent or elsewhere upon such terms and conditions as it may deem advisable and at such prices as it may deem best, for cash or on credit or for future delivery without assumption of any credit risk. The Collateral Agent shall have the right upon any such public sale or sales, and, to the extent permitted by law, upon any such private sale or sales, to purchase the whole or any part of the Collateral so sold, free of any right or equity of redemption in the Owner Participant, which right or equity is hereby waived or released. The Owner Participant further agrees, at the Collateral Agent’s request, to assemble the Collateral and make it available to the Collateral Agent at places which the Collateral Agent shall reasonably select, whether at the Owner Participant’s premises or elsewhere. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Owner Participant waives all claims, damages and demands it may acquire against the Collateral Agent arising out of its exercise of any rights hereunder. If any notice of a proposed sale or other disposition of Collateral shall be required by law, such notice shall be deemed reasonable and proper if given, and the Collateral Agent agrees to give such notice to the Owner Participant in any event, at least ten (10) Business Days before such sale or other disposition. 10. Limitation on Duties Regarding Preservation of Collateral. The Collateral Agent’s sole duty with respect to the custody, safekeeping and physical preservation of the Collateral in its possession, under Section 9-207 of the Code or otherwise, shall be to deal with it in the same manner as the Collateral Agent deals with similar property for its own account. Neither the Collateral Agent nor any of its directors, officers, employees or agents shall be liable for failure to demand, collect or realize upon all or any part of the Collateral or for any delay in doing so or shall be under any obligation to sell or otherwise dispose of any Collateral upon the request of the Owner Participant or otherwise. 11. Application of Proceeds. All amounts received by the Collateral Agent in respect of any of the Collateral after the occurrence of an Event of Default and all Proceeds received by the Collateral Agent with respect to the exercise of remedies against the Collateral (or any part thereof) shall be held by the Collateral Agent and applied in the manner specified in Section 8.03 of the Credit Agreement. 12. The Owner Trustee. The Owner Trustee acknowledges and consents to the grant and pledge of the Liens in the Beneficial Interest as set forth in Section 2 hereof and irrevocably agrees as follows: (a) The Owner Trustee hereby covenants with and undertakes to the Collateral Agent as follows: (i) it shall promptly furnish or cause to be furnished to the Collateral Agent such information, reports and records in respect of or relating to the Beneficial Interest as the Collateral Agent may reasonably request from time to time; 9 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (ii) except as may be permitted by the Credit Agreement, it shall not without the prior written consent of the Collateral Agent sell, transfer, assign or otherwise encumber or dispose of the Beneficial Interest (or any interest or right therein, including but not limited to a transfer of Owner Participant’s interest pursuant to Article VIII of the Trust Agreements) or create or incur any Lien (other than a Permitted Lien) in or upon the Beneficial Interest (or any part thereof); and (iii) following the occurrence of an Event of Default and while the same is continuing, it will (a) refrain from taking any action at the request of Owner Participant in relation or relating to the Beneficial Interest, and shall, prior to taking any such requested action, obtain written consent from Collateral Agent for the same, and (b) take any action as requested in writing by Collateral Agent from time to time. (b) The Collateral Agent shall at any time following the occurrence of an Event of Default and while the same is continuing be entitled by written notice to the Owner Participant and the Owner Trustee to direct the Owner Trustee (subject to the terms of the relevant Trust Agreement) to: (i) exercise any and all of the rights of the Owner Trustee in respect of the Leases or any other agreement comprising part of the Trust Estates, in each case in accordance with the terms thereof provided that the Owner Trustee shall not be obligated to take any steps pursuant to such notice which would result in a breach by it of its obligations under any of the aforementioned agreements; and/or (ii) pay all monies payable to the Owner Participant pursuant to the terms of the Trust Agreement or in connection with the Beneficial Interest by wire transfer in immediately available funds directly to the Collateral Agent to the following account: [Account details to be inserted]1 Accordingly, the Owner Trustee irrevocably agrees and undertakes as follows: (c) it shall recognize the power of attorney granted by the Owner Participant to the Collateral Agent pursuant to Section 6 hereof and shall recognize the Collateral Agent as the Owner Participant’s attorney-in-fact in the performance of all actions permitted pursuant to Section 6. (d) except as permitted hereunder, it will not amend, supplement, modify or terminate the Trust Agreements, or revoke the trust established pursuant to the Trust Agreements, without the Collateral Agent’s prior written consent. 13. Powers Coupled with an Interest. All authorizations and agencies herein contained with respect to the Collateral are irrevocable and powers coupled with an interest. 14. Severability. Any provision of this Pledge Agreement which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. 1 NTD: Milbank, please provide account details. 10 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT 15. No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies. The Collateral Agent shall not by any act (except by a written instrument pursuant to Section 16 hereof), delay, indulgence, omission or otherwise be deemed to have waived any right or remedy hereunder or to have acquiesced in any Default or Event of Default or in any breach of any of the terms and conditions hereof. No failure to exercise, nor any delay in exercising, on the part of the Collateral Agent, any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof. No single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. A waiver by the Collateral Agent of any right or remedy hereunder on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy which the Collateral Agent would otherwise have on any future occasion. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative, may be exercised singly or concurrently and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law. 16. Waivers and Amendments; Successors and Assigns. None of the terms or provisions of this Pledge Agreement may be waived, amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except by a written instrument executed by the Owner Participant, the Owner Trustee and the Collateral Agent, provided, that any provision of this Pledge Agreement may be waived by the Collateral Agent in a written letter or agreement executed by the Collateral Agent or by facsimile transmission from the Collateral Agent, and any such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. This Pledge Agreement shall be binding upon the successors and assigns of the Owner Participant and the Owner Trustee and shall inure to the benefit of the Collateral Agent and its successors and assigns, provided that neither Owner Participant nor Owner Trustee shall assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Collateral Agent. 17. Notices. All notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by fax transmission or e-mail transmission as follows, and all notices and other communications expressly permitted hereunder to be given by telephone shall be made to the applicable telephone number, as follows: Owner Participant: [Willis Lease Finance Corporation] [__________] [__________] Attn: [__________] Telephone No.: [__________] Facsimile No.: [__________] Email: [__________] Owner Trustee: [__________] [__________] [__________] Attn: [__________] 11 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT Telephone No.: [__________] Facsimile No.: [__________] Email: [__________] Collateral Agent: Bank of America, N.A. [__________] [__________] Attn: [__________] Telephone No.: [__________] Facsimile No.: [__________] Email: [__________] Notices and other communications sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail, shall be deemed to have been given when received; notices and other communications sent by fax transmission shall be deemed to have been given when sent (except that, if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient). Unless the Mortgagee otherwise prescribes, (A) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgment from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e-mail or other written acknowledgement) and (B) notices and other communications posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received by the intended recipient upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgement from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e-mail address or other written acknowledgement) indicating that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor; provided that for both clauses (A) and (B), if such notice or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice, email or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient. 18. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial. (a) GOVERNING LAW. THIS PLEDGE AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIMS, CONTROVERSY, DISPUTE OR CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR TORT OR OTHERWISE) BASED UPON, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS PLEDGE AGREEMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY AND THEREBY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. (b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION. EACH OF THE PARTIES IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT COMMENCE ANY ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING OF ANY KIND OR DESCRIPTION,


 
12 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT WHETHER IN LAW OR EQUITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR IN TORT OR OTHERWISE, AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, OR ANY RELATED PARTY OF THE FOREGOING IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS PLEDGE AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS RELATING HERETO OR THERETO, IN ANY FORUM OTHER THAN THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SITTING IN NEW YORK COUNTY AND OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT OF THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS AND AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH NEW YORK STATE COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS PLEDGE AGREEMENT OR IN ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE COLLATERAL AGENT MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS PLEDGE AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT AGAINST THE OWNER PARTICIPANT OR THE OWNER TRUSTEE OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION TO COLLECT THE OBLIGATIONS, TO REALIZE ON THE COLLATERAL OR ANY OTHER SECURITY FOR THE OBLIGATIONS, OR TO ENFORCE A JUDGMENT OR OTHER COURT ORDER IN FAVOR OF THE COLLATERAL AGENT. (c) WAIVER OF VENUE. EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS PLEDGE AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN CLAUSE (b) OF THIS SECTION 18. EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT. (d) WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS PLEDGE AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (a) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (b) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS PLEDGE AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN 13 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT DOCUMENTS BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 18. 19. Miscellaneous. The Collateral Agent may, with the consent of Owner Trustee and Owner Participant (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld) and subject to the provisions of Section 9.06 of the Credit Agreement, assign or otherwise transfer its rights hereunder or under the Credit Agreement to any other Person, and such other Person shall thereupon become vested with all the benefits in respect thereof granted to the Collateral Agent herein or otherwise, subject, however, to the provisions hereof; provided that, as soon as practicable after such assignment or transfer, the Collateral Agent shall notify the Owner Participant of any change in payment instructions necessitated by such assignment or transfer. 20. Termination and Release. (a) Full Release. Upon the earliest to occur of the following: (a) payment in full of all Obligations (other than contingent obligations which by their nature cannot be satisfied by payment at such time) and either (i) expiration of the term of the Credit Agreement or (ii) termination of the obligation of any Lender to make Credit Extensions to Owner Participant pursuant to the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document or (b) the release, in accordance with the terms of Section 6.10 of the Owner Trustee Mortgage, of the pledge of the Beneficial Interest created in favor of the Collateral Agent under this Pledge Agreement, this Pledge Agreement and all of the powers, rights and interests granted hereunder and created hereby, shall forthwith terminate, and the Collateral Agent shall, upon the request and at the expense of the Owner Participant, execute and deliver all such documents and instruments reasonably necessary to accomplish the same, within a reasonable time thereafter. (b) Partial Release. Notwithstanding paragraph (a), the Owner Participant shall be entitled to have any item of Collateral released from this Pledge Agreement, which partial releases shall be in form reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent, for the following reasons: (i) for sale or other disposal of Collateral not prohibited by the Credit Agreement; or (ii) to allow the relevant Collateral to be pledged to another lender in connection with the incurrence of Indebtedness permitted under the Credit Agreement, but solely to the extent the Lien created herein shall be required to be released and not subordinated as a condition thereof (and the Owner Participant shall use reasonable efforts to require such subordination in lieu of release). If any item of Collateral released pursuant to the foregoing is then the subject of a lease from the Owner Participant and if the Lessee has deposited with the Owner Participant any related cash, letter of credit, guaranty or security deposit, maintenance reserve or other cash deposit that does not constitute payment of rental under the relevant lease, then at the time of release of the relevant Collateral, the Collateral Agent shall also release the related cash deposit and letter of credit. 21. Trustee Capacity. It is understood and agreed that the Owner Trustee is entering into this Pledge Agreement solely in its capacity as Trustee under the Trust Agreements, and that it shall not be liable or accountable in its individual capacity in any circumstances whatsoever except for the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Owner Trustee in its individual capacity and as otherwise expressly provided in the Trust Agreements, but otherwise shall be liable or accountable solely to the extent of the assets of the applicable Trust Estates. [Remainder of page intentionally left blank; signatures on following pages] 14 [FORM OF] BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT F F] EFICIAL IN EST GE D RITY ainder f ge t a ly ft l nk; tures ing ges] Exhibit A-1 BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Beneficial Interest Pledge and Security Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first above written. [WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION], as Owner Participant By: Name: Title: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Collateral Agent By: Name: Title: [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, not individually but solely as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreement] [BANK OF UTAH, not individually but solely as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreement] [U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, not individually but solely as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreement] By: Name: Title:


 
The Trust Agreements EXHIBIT A | a l . [insert Trust Agreement description] 2. [insert Trust Agreement description] 3. [insert Trust Agreement description] 4. [insert Trust Agreement description] 5. 6. Exhibit A-1 BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT xhibit -1 EFICI L IN EST GE D RITY I T he rust gree ents 1 ert rust gree ent scription] . ert rust gree ent scription] . ert rust gree ent scription] . ert rust gree ent scription] . . EXHIBIT B FORM OF BIPA SUPPLEMENT [Appended. ] Exhibit B-1 BENEFICIAL INTEREST PLEDGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT xhibit -1 EFICI L IN EST GE D RITY HIBIT F ENT ended. FORM OF BIPA SUPPLEMENT THIS BENEFICIAL INTEREST AND PLEDGE AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENT dated ___________________, 20___ (the “BIPA Supplement”) is among [WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation][or if by Subsidiary that is Guarantor ______________,] (the “Owner Participant”), [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [BANK OF UTAH][U.S. BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][or other Owner Trustee], not individually, but solely as Owner Trustee (the “Owner Trustee”), under those certain Trust Agreements, and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. (together with its successors and assigns, “Collateral Agent”), in its capacity as Collateral Agent for itself and on behalf of the Secured Parties under the Credit Agreement (as defined below). WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, the [Owner Participant, as borrower][Willis Lease Finance Corporation (“the Borrower”)], has entered into that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the [Owner Participant][ Borrower], the [Owner Participant and the other] Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Agent, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as the Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time. All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Credit Agreement; WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent and requirement under the Credit Agreement that the Owner Participant shall have entered into that certain Beneficial Interest and Pledge Agreement dated as of ___________, 2024 in favor of the Collateral Agent, (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, herein called the “Pledge Agreement”); WHEREAS, the Pledge Agreement provides for the execution and delivery from time to time of BIPA Supplements thereto, each of which shall describe certain additional Collateral (such term and other defined terms in the Pledge Agreement being herein used with the same meanings) and shall specifically pledge such Collateral to the Collateral Agent; and WHEREAS, as collateral security for the prompt payment and performance of the Secured Obligations, for the ratable benefit of Secured Parties, the Owner Participant hereby grants, bargains, conveys and assigns to the Collateral Agent a first priority Lien in all of the following property now owned or at any time hereafter acquired by the Owner Participant or in which the Owner Participant now has or at any time in the future may acquire any right, title or interest, excluding, however, any and all Excluded Payments (collectively, the “Collateral”): (1) the Beneficial Interest, including all rights of the Owner Participant in and to the Beneficial Interest(s) described on Schedule 1 hereto (including, all rights of the Owner Participant in and to the Trust Agreement(s) described on Schedule 1 hereto and the corresponding Trust Estate(s) and all rights of Owner Participant in and to the Lease(s) and any insurance or requisition proceeds in respect of the Equipment); and Exhibit B-3 (2) to the extent not otherwise included, all Proceeds and products of any and all of the foregoing (including, without limitation, proceeds of the sale of the applicable Equipment). This BIPA Supplement shall be construed as supplemental to the Pledge Agreement and shall form a part of the Pledge Agreement and the Pledge Agreement is hereby incorporated by reference herein and is hereby ratified, approved and confirmed. This BIPA Supplement is being delivered in the state of New York. This BIPA Supplement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this BIPA Supplement by electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement. Subject to Section 11.18 of the Credit Agreement, this BIPA Supplement may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures (including facsimile and .pdf) and shall be considered an original and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. It is understood and agreed that the Owner Trustee is entering into this BIPA Supplement solely in its capacity as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreement[s] (as defined in Schedule 1 hereto), and that it shall not be liable or accountable in its individual capacity in any circumstances whatsoever except for the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Owner Trustee in its individual capacity and as otherwise expressly provided in the Trust Agreements, but otherwise shall be liable or accountable solely to the extent of the assets of the Trust Estate. AND, FURTHER, the Owner Participant hereby acknowledges that the Collateral covered by this BIPA Supplement is included in the property of the Owner Participant covered by all the terms and conditions of the Pledge Agreement. [Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]


 
Exhibit B-1 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this BIPA Supplement to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written. [WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION], as Owner Participant By: Name: Title: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Collateral Agent By: Name: Title: [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [BANK OF UTAH] [U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION], not individually but solely as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreements, as Owner Trustee By: Name: Title: Schedule 1 to the BIPA Supplement 1. [insert description of Trust Agreement] 2. [insert an additional Trust Agreement description, if applicable] Exhibit B-1 xhibit - edule e ple ent . ert scripti n f rust gr ement] . ert diti nal rust gree ent scription, plicable] EXHIBIT H Form of Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement [Appended] #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 I T r f ner rust e ortgage d ecurity gree ent pended] [FORM OF] MASTER OWNER TRUSTEE MORTGAGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT dated as _____________, 2024 made by [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [BANK OF UTAH][U.S. BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][or other Owner Trustee], not in its individual capacity, but solely as Owner Trustee, as Owner Trustee in favor of BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Mortgagee


 
- i - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARTICLE I CERTAIN DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................... 1 Section 1.01 Definitions................................................................................................... 1 ARTICLE II GRANTING CLAUSE.............................................................................................. 4 ARTICLE III COVENANTS ......................................................................................................... 5 Section 3.01 Registration; Maintenance and Operation .................................................. 5 Section 3.02 Further Assurances...................................................................................... 7 Section 3.03 Liens ............................................................................................................ 7 Section 3.04 Books and Records ..................................................................................... 7 Section 3.05 Priority of Mortgagee’s Security Interest ................................................... 7 Section 3.06 Mortgagee’s Rights. .................................................................................... 7 Section 3.07 Reinstatement .............................................................................................. 8 Section 3.08 Insurance ..................................................................................................... 8 ARTICLE IV EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES .......................................................... 9 Section 4.01 Events of Default ........................................................................................ 9 Section 4.02 Remedies ..................................................................................................... 9 Section 4.03 Expenses of Enforcement ......................................................................... 11 Section 4.04 Waiver of Appraisement Etc. .................................................................... 11 Section 4.05 Waiver of Claims ...................................................................................... 11 Section 4.06 Additional Waivers ................................................................................... 12 Section 4.07 Remedies Cumulative, No Waiver ........................................................... 12 Section 4.08 Application of Proceeds ............................................................................ 12 Section 4.09 Delay or Omission: Possession of Notes. ................................................. 12 Section 4.10 Power of Attorney ..................................................................................... 13 ARTICLE V CONCERNING THE LEASES .............................................................................. 13 Section 5.01 Acknowledgment of Leases. ..................................................................... 13 Section 5.02 Quiet Enjoyment. Etc. .............................................................................. 14 Section 5.03 Miscellaneous. .......................................................................................... 14 ARTICLE VI MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS ..................................................................... 14 Section 6.01 Amendments, Etc. ..................................................................................... 14 Section 6.02 Notices. ..................................................................................................... 15 - ii - Section 6.03 Continuing Lien and Security Interests; Transfer ..................................... 16 Section 6.04 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Venue; Waiver of Jury Trial. ... 16 Section 6.05 Severability ............................................................................................... 18 Section 6.06 Entire Agreement ...................................................................................... 18 Section 6.07 Counterparts .............................................................................................. 18 Section 6.08 Credit Agreement to Control .................................................................... 18 Section 6.09 Time of the Essence .................................................................................. 18 Section 6.10 Termination and Release........................................................................... 18 - 1 - MASTER OWNER TRUSTEE MORTGAGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT THIS MASTER OWNER TRUSTEE MORTGAGE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT, dated as of _____________, 2024 (as amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time, the “Mortgage”) made by [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [BANK OF UTAH][U.S. BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][or other Owner Trustee], not individually, but solely as Owner Trustee (the “Owner Trustee”) in favor of BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as Collateral Agent for itself and on behalf of the Secured Parties under the Credit Agreement (as defined below) (together with its successors and assigns, the “Mortgagee”). WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”) has entered into that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of _____________, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the Borrower, the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent and as Collateral Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time. All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Credit Agreement; WHEREAS, the Borrower and the Owner Trustee have entered into those certain Trust Agreements (as hereafter defined) pursuant to which Owner Trustee has agreed to hold the Trust Estate (as defined in each Trust Agreement) for the benefit of the Borrower in accordance with the terms of each Trust Agreement; WHEREAS, the Owner Trustee has guaranteed the payment and performance of all of the obligations of the Borrower under the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents pursuant to the Owner Trustee Guaranty (as hereafter defined); WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent and requirement under the Credit Agreement that the Owner Trustee shall have entered into this Mortgage to secure the Secured Obligations; and NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto covenant and agree as follows: ARTICLE I CERTAIN DEFINITIONS Section 1.01 Definitions. All capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in (or by reference in) the Credit Agreement. The interpretive provisions of Section 1.02 of the Credit Agreement are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms. As used in this Mortgage, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below: - ii - “Act” shall mean the United States Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended, as in effect on the date of this Mortgage, as recodified in 49 U.S.C. § 40101 et seq., as amended, or any successor or substituted legislation at the time in effect and applicable. “Administrator” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “Aircraft” means the aircraft[, if any,]1 described by manufacturer, model, serial number, and registration number in Exhibit A hereto or in a Mortgage Supplement hereto which has not been the subject of a release, together with any and all Parts and Engines which are either incorporated or installed in or attached to such aircraft’s Airframe, and all documentation in respect thereof. “Airframe” means, subject to the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement, the remaining parts of an aircraft, less its Engines, as described Exhibit A hereto or in a Mortgage Supplement hereto which has not been the subject of a release. “Aircraft Objects” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “Bill of Sale” means, in respect to an Aircraft, Airframe or Engine, the warranty bill of sale executed in favor of Owner Trustee in form satisfactory to the Mortgagee evidencing the transfer of title to such Aircraft, Airframe or Engine. “Cape Town Convention” means the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment and the Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment, both of which were signed in Cape Town, South Africa on November 16, 2001, and including the Regulations for the International Registry and the Procedures for the International Registry, as promulgated thereafter. “Collateral” shall have the meaning set forth in the Granting Clause (Article II) hereof. “Contract of Sale” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “Contracting State” shall have the meaning given to such term under Article 4 in the Cape Town Convention. “Default” means any event specified in Section 4.01 hereof which, with the passage of time or notice or both, would, unless cured or waived become an Event of Default. “Engine” means each engine that is (i) an “Engine” (as such terms is defined in the Credit Agreement) and (ii) described on Exhibit A hereto or in a Mortgage Supplement hereto which has not been the subject of a release (each of which has 550 or more rated takeoff horsepower or the equivalent of such horsepower). An Engine shall also include any and all Parts which are either 1 NTD: to be used for Wells Fargo Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement only.


 
- iii - incorporated or installed in or attached to such Engine or required to be subject to the lien and security interest of this Mortgage. “Equipment” means (i) all Airframes, Parts and other aviation assets owned by the Owner Trustee, whether or not such items are subject to a Lease. “International Interest” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “International Registry” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “Lease” means any “Lease” (as such term is defined in the Credit Agreement), including those described on Exhibit A hereto or in a Mortgage Supplement hereto and any and all after­ acquired Leases hereafter arising in which Owner Trustee is lessor or an assignee of a lessor, in each case, covering an Engine or Equipment as each such Lease may be modified, amended or supplemented from time to time. “Lease Event of Default” means, with respect to a given Lease, an “Event of Default” or comparable term as defined in the Lease. “Lessee” means, with respect to any Lease, the Lessee as defined therein. “Mortgage Documents” means this Mortgage and all documents relating to the perfection and/or establishment of the Lien intended to be created by this Mortgage (including, without limitation, the Mortgage Supplement(s), the Notes, any other documents relating to the Mortgagee’s security interest in the Collateral and any documents expressly stated to be Mortgage Documents). “Mortgaged Property” means the Aircraft, Engines and Equipment, as applicable, as described on Exhibit A hereto or in a Mortgage Supplement hereto which has not been the subject of a release. “Mortgage Supplement” means any mortgage supplement, substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto. “Owner Trustee Guaranty” means that certain Master Owner Trustee Guaranty dated as of _____________, 2024 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time) by the Owner Trustee in favor of the Collateral Agent. “Proceeds” means whatever is receivable or received when any Mortgaged Property or other collateral is sold, exchanged, collected or otherwise disposed of, including, without limitation, all amounts payable or paid under insurance, requisition or other payments as the result of any loss (including an Event of Loss) or damage to such Mortgaged Property. “Professional User Entity” is defined in the Regulations for the International Registry. - iv - “Prospective Sale” shall have the meaning given to such term in the Cape Town Convention. “Records” shall have the meaning set forth in the Granting Clause hereof. “Security Agreement” shall have the meaning given to the term in the Cape Town Convention. “Trust Agreement” shall mean each trust agreement described on Exhibit B hereto or in a Mortgage Supplement hereto which has not been the subject of a release. ARTICLE II GRANTING CLAUSE The Owner Trustee hereby assigns, mortgages, transfers and confirms unto the Mortgagee, and hereby grants to the Mortgagee, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a first priority security interest in, all right, title and interest of the Owner Trustee in and to the following property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired and all replacements of the following property as collateral security for the prompt and complete payment and performance of all Secured Obligations (herein collectively called the “Collateral”), to wit: (a) the Mortgaged Property; (b) all of the Owner Trustee’s right, title and interest in and to any Lease of Mortgaged Property, including, without limitation, each Lease together with all schedules, supplements, amendments, modifications, assignments, extensions, renewals of or replacements for any such Lease, executed from time to time, and all payments, including, without limitation, the right to exercise the rights and remedies under the Lease and to receive all rentals, payments and monies due and to become due, including, without limitation, all payments of rent, all maintenance reserves, if any, each Security Deposit, and all proceeds thereof, insurance proceeds and all other amounts due or to become due thereunder (subject, in each case, to the rights of the Lessee thereto under the applicable Lease); (c) all records, logs and other materials required to be maintained with respect to the Mortgaged Property by Persons in operational control of the Mortgaged Property under any applicable laws, rules or regulations and all logs, books, maintenance records and other information relating to the Mortgaged Property pertaining thereto (collectively, the “Records”) as well as all right, title and interest of the Owner Trustee in, to and under the overhaul, repair and maintenance manuals, programs and catalogues which are part of or used in connection with the maintenance program for any Mortgaged Property and all warranties and rights relating thereto in respect of the Mortgaged Property; and (d) all Proceeds of all or any of the foregoing. So long as an Event of Default has not occurred and is not continuing, the Owner Trustee shall be entitled to remain in full possession, enjoyment and control of the Collateral and to manage and use the Collateral and each part thereof with the same rights and franchises appertaining thereto; provided always that the possession, use, enjoyment and control of the Collateral shall at - v - all times be subject to the terms of this Mortgage and the other Loan Documents and the Lien and security interest granted thereunder and hereunder. The parties hereto agree that for all purposes of the Cape Town Convention, (i) this Mortgage is effective to constitute an International Interest with respect to each Airframe and Engine, (ii) each Airframe and Engine constitute an Aircraft Object, (iii) the Owner Trustee is situated in a Contracting State and has the power to dispose of each Airframe and Engine, (iv) this Mortgage constitutes a Security Agreement and the interests created hereunder are eligible for registration with the International Registry relating to each Airframe and Engine and (v) this Mortgage constitutes an assignment of associated rights secured by or associated with each Airframe and Engine and the Mortgagee hereby acknowledges and agrees that such assignment shall be effective to assign any related International Interests in each Airframe and Engine for all purposes of the Cape Town Convention. ARTICLE III COVENANTS Section 3.01 Registration; Maintenance and Operation. The Owner Trustee, at its own cost and expense, will: (a) prior to mortgaging the Mortgaged Property or Lease, (i) register with the International Registry (x) the ownership interest of the Owner Trustee in each Airframe and Engine represented by the Contract of Sale (or Prospective Sale) constituting the Bill of Sale, as long as the seller of the relevant Airframe or Engine is situated in a Contracting State, as provided for in the Cape Town Convention, and (y) the Owner Trustee’s ownership interest with respect to each Contract of Sale with respect to each Airframe, Engine and Lease, as long as the lessee of the relevant Airframe or Engine under such Lease is situated in a Contracting State, as provided for in the Cape Town Convention, and (ii) cause the Mortgaged Property and Lease to be duly registered and at all times thereafter remain duly registered in the name of the Owner Trustee in accordance with the Act, if applicable, or other applicable law; (b) make or cause such filings, registrations, or otherwise with the FAA, International Registry, and otherwise under the UCC as shall be required to perfect the Lien of Mortgagee with respect to all Collateral under the Mortgage, including but not limited to the following: (1) register the International Interest (or Prospective International Interest) of the Mortgagee, under this Mortgage, with respect to each Airframe, Engine and Lease with the International Registry (so long as the lessee of the relevant Airframe or Engine under such Lease is situated in a Contracting State, as provided for in the Cape Town Convention), provided that, the Owner Trustee shall not be required to register any interest (or assignment thereof) with the International Registry with respect to any Engine relating to an aircraft that is registered in a jurisdiction which is a “title grabbing” or “title accession” jurisdiction if the applicable Lease in respect of such aircraft or Engine prohibits such registration; provided further that if the Owner Trustee is advised by legal counsel in the jurisdiction of registration of an Aircraft (other than the United - vi - States) that a registration described in this Section 3.01(b)(1) with the International Registry cannot properly be made so long as the Aircraft is registered in such jurisdiction unless a security agreement governed by the laws of such jurisdiction is entered into, then such registration with the International Registry shall not be required for so long as such Aircraft is registered in such jurisdiction; (2) register the International Interest (or Prospective International Interest) of the Lessor, under the Lease with respect to each Airframe and Engine with the International Registry (so long as the lessee of the relevant Airframe or Engine under such Lease is situated in a Contracting State, as provided for in the Cape Town Convention); (3) file for recordation the Prospective International Interest or International Interest and Lien under this Mortgage and the Lease with the FAA pursuant to the Act; (4) file UCC financing statements in such states in the United States of America as required, in the judgment of Mortgagee, to perfect the Lien of Mortgagee in all UCC Collateral, which financing statements shall name Mortgagee as secured party and as Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties; and (5) maintain the rights and International Interests and assignment of International Interests of the Owner Trustee and Mortgagee in each Airframe and Engine, as against any third parties under the applicable laws of any jurisdiction within the United States and as against any third parties in any Contracting State under the Cape Town Convention; (c) at all times maintain, service, repair, overhaul and test or cause to be maintained, serviced, repaired, overhauled and tested the Mortgaged Property so as to keep the same in as good operating condition as when originally mortgaged hereunder, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and, in any event in the condition required by the relevant Lease; and (d) maintain or cause to be maintained (in the English language) all Records. Owner Trustee hereby confirms, represents and warrants that no further action, including any filing or recording of any document (including any financing statement in respect thereof under Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code of any applicable jurisdiction), is necessary or advisable to establish as against third parties the perfected first priority Lien of the Mortgagee on the Owner Trustee’s interest in the Mortgaged Property and each Lease and in order to properly file, register and record this Mortgage, the International Interest of the Mortgagee under the Mortgage, the assignment of International Interest of Mortgagee under the applicable Lease, or the International Interest of the Lessor in each Airframe and Engine under the applicable Lease, in any applicable jurisdiction in the United States. The Owner Trustee agrees to furnish Mortgagee with copies of all documents relating to the foregoing and with recording and registration data as promptly as practicable following the issuance of the same by the FAA and the International Registry.


 
- vii - Section 3.02 Further Assurances. The Owner Trustee will promptly, and in any event no more than five (5) Business Days after a request by Mortgagee, take, or cause to be taken, at the Owner Trustee’s cost and expense, such action with respect to the execution, delivery, recording, registration and filing of this Mortgage and any financing statements, Mortgage Supplements or other instruments as are necessary or desirable, or that the Mortgagee may from time to time request, to fully carry out the intent and purpose of this Mortgage and/or to establish, protect, preserve, and/or perfect the Liens created by this Mortgage. The Owner Trustee agrees to furnish to the Mortgagee (a) timely notice of the necessity of any such action, together with such instruments, in execution form, and such other information as may be required to enable the Mortgagee to take such action, and (b) evidence of every such action taken by the Owner Trustee. In addition to the foregoing, during the term of this Mortgage, the Owner Trustee shall establish and maintain a valid and existing account as a Transactional User Entity with the International Registry to make registrations in regard to this Mortgage as required by the Mortgagee. Section 3.03 Liens. The Owner Trustee will not create, consent to or suffer to exist any Lien upon or with respect to any of the Collateral, except for Permitted Liens. Section 3.04 Books and Records. The Owner Trustee shall faithfully keep complete and accurate books and records and make all necessary entries therein to reflect the quantities, costs, current values and locations of all Collateral, the events and transactions giving rise thereto and all payments, credits and adjustments applicable thereto, shall keep the Mortgagee fully and accurately informed as to the locations of all such books and records. Section 3.05 Priority of Mortgagee’s Security Interest. The Owner Trustee represents, warrants and agrees that no effective security agreement, mortgage, deed of trust, financing statement, equivalent security or Lien instrument or continuation statement covering all or any part of the Collateral is or will be on file or of record in any public office or otherwise, except those filed by the Owner Trustee in favor of Mortgagee pursuant to this Mortgage and/or other Loan Documents, and those relating to other Permitted Liens. The Owner Trustee shall defend the right, title and interest of Mortgagee in and to the Collateral against the claims and demands of all Persons whomsoever, except if such claims or demands are the direct result of Mortgagee’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, and the Owner Trustee shall take such actions, including (i) the prompt delivery of all Chattel Paper subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement, (ii) notification of Mortgagee’s interest in Collateral at Mortgagee’s request, and (iii) the institution of litigation or other proceedings against third parties as shall be prudent in order to protect and preserve the Owner Trustee’s and Mortgagee’s respective and several interests in the Collateral. Section 3.06 Mortgagee’s Rights. (a) In addition to any and all rights under this Mortgage and the other Loan Documents, at any time after the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default, Mortgagee may, at any time in Mortgagee’s own name or in the name of the Owner Trustee, (i) communicate with account debtors, parties to contracts or Leases, and obligors in respect of Chattel Paper or other property constituting Collateral hereunder to verify to Mortgagee’s satisfaction the existence, amount and terms of any such debtor accounts, contracts, Leases, Chattel Paper or other property constituting Collateral hereunder, and (ii) without prior notice to the Owner Trustee, notify account debtors, parties to contracts or Leases, and obligors in respect of Chattel Paper or other property - viii - constituting Collateral hereunder that such Collateral has been assigned to Mortgagee and that payments shall be made directly to Mortgagee. Upon the request of Mortgagee, the Owner Trustee shall so notify such parties to contracts or Leases, and obligors in respect of Chattel Paper, Leases or other property constituting Collateral hereunder. (b) It is expressly agreed by the Owner Trustee that the Owner Trustee shall remain liable under each contract, license and Lease to observe and perform all the conditions and obligations to be observed and performed by it thereunder, and Mortgagee shall have no obligation or liability whatsoever to any Person under any contract, license or Lease (between the Owner Trustee, Engine Owner and Equipment Owner and any Person other than Mortgagee) by reason of or arising out of the execution, delivery or performance of this Mortgage, and Mortgagee shall not be required or obligated in any manner (i) to perform or fulfill any of the obligations of the Owner Trustee thereunder, (ii) to make any payment or inquiry, or (iii) to take any action of any kind to collect or enforce any performance or the payment of any amounts which may have been assigned to it or to which it may be entitled at any time or times under or pursuant to any contract, license or Lease. (c) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Owner Trustee, at its own expense, shall cause its independent certified public accountants to prepare and deliver to Mortgagee at any time and from time to time, promptly upon Mortgagee’s request: (i) a reconciliation of all deposit accounts of the Owner Trustee; (ii) an aging of all deposit accounts of the Owner Trustee; (iii) trial balances; and (iv) test verifications of such accounts as Mortgagee may request. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Owner Trustee, at its own expense, shall cause its independent certified public accountants to deliver to Mortgagee the results of (x) any physical verifications of all or any portion of the Collateral made or observed by such accountants, and (y) any verifications of the Owner Trustee’s deposit accounts, in each case when and if any such verifications are conducted. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, Mortgagee shall be permitted to observe and consult with the Owner Trustee and the Owner Trustee’s certified public accountants in the performance of these tasks. Section 3.07 Reinstatement. The provisions of this Mortgage shall to the extent permitted by Applicable Law remain in full force and effect and continue to be effective even if: (a) any petition is filed by or against the Owner Trustee for liquidation or reorganization; (b) the Owner Trustee becomes insolvent or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors; (c) a receiver or trustee is appointed for all or any significant part of the Owner Trustee’s assets; or (d) at any time payment and performance of the Secured Obligations, or any part thereof: is, pursuant to Applicable Law, rescinded or reduced in amount, or must otherwise be restored or returned by any obligee of the Secured Obligations, whether as a “voidable preference,” “fraudulent transfer” or otherwise, all as though such payment or performance had not been made. In the event that any payment, or any part thereof, is rescinded, reduced, restored or returned, the Secured Obligations and Mortgagee’s Liens in the Collateral shall be reinstated and deemed reduced only by any amount paid and not so rescinded, reduced, restored or returned. Section 3.08 Insurance. The Owner Trustee shall bear the risk of the Mortgaged Property being destroyed, irreparably damaged or rendered permanently unfit for sale, lease or use or being damaged in part, from any cause whatsoever at any time during the term of this Mortgage, and - ix - shall maintain, or cause Lessee to maintain, as applicable with financially sound and reputable insurance companies not Affiliates of the Owner Trustee, liability, casualty and other insurance (subject to customary deductibles and retentions) with respect to its properties and business against loss or damage of the kinds customarily insured against by Persons engaged in the same or similar business, of such types and in such amounts as are customarily carried under similar circumstances by such other Persons. Subject to Section 6.07(d) of the Credit Agreement, all such insurance shall (i) provide for not less than thirty (30) days’ prior notice to the Administrative Agent of termination, lapse or cancellation of such insurance, (ii) name the Administrative Agent as additional insured on behalf of the Secured Parties (in the case of liability insurance, all risk ground insurance and flight engine coverage for Engines, and war risk insurance (if applicable)) or loss payee (in the case of property insurance and hull insurance), as applicable and (iii) be reasonably satisfactory in all other respects to the Administrative Agent. If the Owner Trustee or the applicable Lessee fails to pay any premium on any such insurance, the Mortgagee shall have the right, but shall be under no obligation, to pay such premium for the Owner Trustee’s account. The Owner Trustee shall repay to the Mortgagee on demand all sums which the Mortgagee shall have paid under this section in respect of insurance premiums, with interest thereon and the Owner Trustee’s liability to the Mortgagee for such repayment with interest shall be included in the Secured Obligations. ARTICLE IV EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES Section 4.01 Events of Default. The Owner Trustee shall be in default upon the occurrence of an Event of Default. Section 4.02 Remedies. If any Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, (a) Mortgagee, at its option, may exercise any rights and remedies provided to Agents under the Credit Agreement and/or available at law or equity, including all rights and remedies provided under the Uniform Commercial Code in any jurisdiction where enforcement is sought, which include but are not limited to, the following: (i) without notice accelerate the maturity of any part or all of the Secured Obligations and terminate any agreement for the granting of further credit to the Borrower; (ii) sell, lease or otherwise dispose of Collateral at public or private sale; (iii) transfer any Collateral into its own name or that of its nominee; (iv) retain Collateral in satisfaction of the Secured Obligations, with notice of such retention sent to the Owner Trustee as required by law; (v) notify any parties obligated on any Collateral consisting of deposit accounts, debt instruments, Chattel Paper, choses in action or the like to make payment to Mortgagee and enforce collection of any Collateral; (vi) file any action or proceeding which Mortgagee deems necessary or appropriate to protect and preserve the right, title and interest of Mortgagee in the Collateral; (vii) exercise its banker’s lien or right of setoff in the same manner as though the credit were unsecured and (viii) apply all or a portion of sums received or collected from or on account of Collateral, including the proceeds of any sales thereof, to the payment of the costs and expenses incurred in preserving and enforcing rights of Mortgagee including reasonable attorneys’ fees (including the allocated costs of Mortgagee’s in-house counsel and legal staff), and after application of such sums to the Secured Obligations as set forth in the Credit Agreement, Mortgagee shall account to the Owner Trustee for any surplus remaining thereafter, and shall pay such surplus to the party entitled thereto, including any second secured party who - x - has made a proper demand upon Mortgagee and has furnished proof to Mortgagee as requested in the manner provided by law; in like manner, the Owner Trustee agrees to pay to Mortgagee without demand any deficiency after any Collateral has been disposed of and proceeds applied as aforesaid. (b) The Owner Trustee expressly agrees that, subject to Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof: Mortgagee may collect, receive, assemble, process, appropriate and realize upon the Collateral, or any part thereof, and may forthwith sell, lease, assign, give an option or options to purchase or otherwise dispose of and deliver said Collateral (or contract to do so), or any part thereof, in one or more parcels at public or private sale or sales, at any exchange at such prices as it may deem best, for cash or on credit or for future delivery without assumption of any credit risk. Mortgagee shall have the right upon any such public sale or sales and, to the extent permitted by law, to purchase for the benefit of Mortgagee by credit bid the whole or any part of said Collateral so sold, free of any right or equity of redemption, which equity of redemption the Owner Trustee hereby releases. Such sales may be adjourned, or continued from time to time with or without notice. The Owner Trustee shall remain liable for any deficiency if the proceeds of any sale or disposition of the Collateral are insufficient to pay the Secured Obligations and all other amounts to which Mortgagee is entitled. (c) The Owner Trustee further agrees, subject to Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof, to assemble the Collateral and make it available to Mortgagee at places which Mortgagee shall reasonably select. Until Mortgagee is able to effect a sale, lease, or other disposition of the Collateral and subject to Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof, Mortgagee shall have the right to complete, assemble, use or operate the Collateral or any part thereof, to the extent that Mortgagee deems appropriate, for the purpose of preserving such Collateral or its value or for any other purpose. In addition, the Owner Trustee will provide, without cost or expense to the Mortgagee, storage facilities for any such Mortgaged Property and will cause such Mortgaged Property to be maintained as required by the terms hereof and of the Credit Agreement. Mortgagee shall have no obligation to the Owner Trustee to maintain or preserve the rights of the Owner Trustee as against third parties with respect to any Collateral while such Collateral is in the possession of Mortgagee. (d) Upon the completion of any sale of any Collateral, full title and (subject to Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof) right of possession to such Mortgaged Property so sold shall (subject to any retention of title by the Mortgagee as part of the terms of such sale) pass to the accepted purchaser forthwith upon the completion of such sale, and the Owner Trustee shall deliver, in accordance with the instructions of the Mortgagee (including causing the such Mortgaged Property to be delivered to such airports as the Mortgagee may specify), such Mortgaged Property so sold. The Mortgagee is hereby irrevocably appointed the true and lawful attorney of the Owner Trustee, and in its stead, to make all necessary conveyances of such Mortgaged Property if so sold. Nevertheless, if so requested by the Mortgagee or by any purchaser, the Owner Trustee shall confirm any such sale or conveyance by executing and delivering all proper instruments of conveyance or releases as may be designated in any such request. If the Owner Trustee shall for any reason fail to deliver such Mortgaged Property or any part thereof after demand by the Mortgagee, the Mortgagee (subject to Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof) may, without being responsible for loss or damage, except to the extent caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Mortgagee, (i) obtain a judgment conferring on the Mortgagee the right to immediate possession or requiring the Owner Trustee to deliver immediate possession of all or part of such Mortgaged Property to the Mortgagee, to the entry of which judgment the Owner


 
- xi - Trustee hereby specifically consents, or (ii) with or, to the fullest extent provided by law, without such judgment, pursue the whole or any part of such Mortgaged Property wherever it may be found and enter any of the premises where such Mortgaged Property may be and take possession of and remove the same. Upon every such taking of possession, the Mortgagee may (but shall not be obligated to), from time to time, make all such reasonable expenditures for maintenance, insurance, repairs, replacements, alterations, additions and improvements to and of such Mortgaged Property as it may deem proper. (e) The Owner Trustee hereby covenants and agrees that a notice, which shall be sent in accordance with the provisions of the Credit Agreement or this Mortgage, at least ten (10) Business Days before the date of any of the acts described in this Section 4.02 shall be deemed to be reasonable notice of such act and, specifically, reasonable notification of the time and place of any public sale hereunder and reasonable notification of the time after which any private sale or other intended disposition to be made hereunder is to be made. (f) Mortgagee shall be entitled, as a matter of right as against the Owner Trustee, without notice or demand and without regard to the adequacy of the security for the Secured Obligations by virtue of this Mortgage or any other collateral or to the solvency of the Owner Trustee, upon the commencement of judicial proceedings by it to enforce any right under this Mortgage, to the appointment of a receiver of all or any part of the Collateral. Section 4.03 Expenses of Enforcement. The Owner Trustee shall pay to the Mortgagee on demand any and all reasonable expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and legal expenses and including the allocated costs of Mortgagee’s in-house counsel and legal staff) which may have been incurred by the Mortgagee, with interest (i) in the prosecution or defense of any action growing out of or connected with the subject matter of this Mortgage, the Secured Obligations, the Collateral or any of the Mortgagee’s rights therein or thereto; or (ii) in connection with the custody, preservation, use, operation, preparation for sale or sale of any of the Collateral or in connection with obtaining possession of any of the Collateral or otherwise exercising any of Mortgagee’s rights and remedies pursuant to this Mortgage, the incurring of all of which are hereby authorized to the extent the Mortgagee deems the same advisable. The Borrower’s liability to the Mortgagee for any such payment with interest shall be included in the Secured Obligations. The Owner Trustee, to the extent of its rights in the Collateral, waives and releases any right to require the Mortgagee to collect any of the Secured Obligations from any other Collateral (as defined under the Credit Agreement) or any other collateral then held by the Mortgagee under any theory of marshaling of assets or otherwise. Section 4.04 Waiver of Appraisement Etc. The Owner Trustee agrees, to the fullest extent that it lawfully may, that it will not (and hereby irrevocably waives its right to) at any time plead, or claim the benefit or advantage of, any appraisement, valuation, stay, extension, moratorium or redemption law now or hereafter in force, in order to prevent or hinder the enforcement of this Mortgage or the absolute sale of the Collateral. Section 4.05 Waiver of Claims. To the maximum extent permitted by Applicable Law, the Owner Trustee waives all claims, damages, and demands against Mortgagee, its Affiliates, agents, and the officers and employees of any of them arising out of the repossession, retention or sale of any Collateral and any other acts or failure to act in connection with Mortgagee’s rights - xii - and remedies hereunder, except such as are determined in a final judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction to have arisen out of the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Person. Section 4.06 Additional Waivers. The Owner Trustee waives: (a) all right to require Mortgagee to proceed against any other person including the Borrower or any other Guarantor under the Credit Agreement or to apply any Collateral that Mortgagee may hold at any time or to pursue any other remedy, Collateral, endorsers or guarantors may be released, substituted or added without affecting the liability of the Owner Trustee hereunder; (b) the benefit of any statute of limitations in any action upon any obligations of the Owner Trustee secured hereby; (c) any right of subrogation and any right to participate in Collateral until all obligations secured hereby have been paid in full; and (d) to the fullest extent permitted by law, any right to oppose the appointment of a receiver or similar official to operate Borrower’s business after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default. Section 4.07 Remedies Cumulative, No Waiver. No remedy herein conferred upon the Mortgagee is intended to be exclusive of any other remedy, but every such remedy shall be cumulative and shall be in addition to every other remedy herein conferred or now or hereafter existing in law. The exercise by the Mortgagee of any one right or remedy shall not be deemed a waiver or release of or any election against any other right or remedy, and the Mortgagee may proceed against the Owner Trustee or any other Person and the Collateral and any other collateral granted by the Owner Trustee to the Mortgagee under any other agreement, all in any order and through any available remedies. A waiver on any one occasion shall not be construed as a waiver or bar on any future occasion. All property of any kind held at any time by the Mortgagee as Collateral shall stand as one general continuing collateral security for all the Secured Obligations and may be retained by the Mortgagee as security until all the Secured Obligations are fully satisfied. Section 4.08 Application of Proceeds. Proceeds of any sale, lease or other disposition or other realization upon any Collateral pursuant to this Mortgage and all other sums realized or held by the Mortgagee under this Mortgage or any proceedings hereunder (including any proceeds of insurance) shall be applied by any Secured Party upon receipt as set forth in Section 8.03 Credit Agreement. Section 4.09 Delay or Omission: Possession of Notes. (a) No delay or omission of the Mortgagee to exercise any right or remedy arising upon the happening of any Default or Event of Default shall impair any right or remedy or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such Default or Event of Default or an acquiescence therein; and every right and remedy given to the Mortgagee by this Article IV or by Applicable Law may be exercised from time to time and as often as may be deemed expedient by the Mortgagee. (b) All rights of action under this Mortgage may be enforced by the Mortgagee without the possession of any Note(s) or any other instrument or document evidencing any obligation or the production thereof in any proceeding. - xiii - Section 4.10 Power of Attorney. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default, the Owner Trustee hereby irrevocably appoints the Mortgagee the true and lawful attorney of the Owner Trustee for the duration of this Mortgage (with full power of substitution) in the name, place and stead of, and at the expense of, the Owner Trustee in connection with the enforcement of the rights and remedies provided for in this Article IV: (a) to give any necessary receipts or acquittances for amounts collected or received hereunder, (b) to make all necessary transfers of the Mortgaged Property in connection with any sale, lease or other disposition made pursuant hereto, (c) to execute and deliver for value all necessary or appropriate bills of sale, assignments and other instruments in connection with any such sale, lease or other disposition, the Owner Trustee hereby ratifying and confirming all that such attorney (or any substitute) shall lawfully do hereunder and pursuant hereto, (d) to sign any agreements, orders or other documents in connection with or pursuant to any Lease, (e) to endorse Borrower’s name on any checks, notices, acceptances, money orders, drafts, or other forms of payment or security that may come into Mortgagee’s possession; (f) to receive, open, and retain all mail addressed to the Owner Trustee relating to the Collateral, (g) to make, settle, and adjust all claims under Borrower’s policies of insurance and make all determinations and decisions with respect to such policies of insurance relating to the Collateral, (h) to settle and adjust disputes and claims respecting the Accounts directly with Account Debtors, for amounts and upon terms which Mortgagee determines to be reasonable, and Mortgagee may cause to be executed and delivered any documents and releases which Mortgagee determines to be necessary, and (i) to sign the name of the Owner Trustee on any document to be executed, recorded or filed in order to perfect or continue perfected Mortgagee’s Lien upon the Collateral if the Owner Trustee fails to do so promptly after request therefor by Mortgagee, including filing any financing or continuation statement without the signature of the Owner Trustee to the extent permitted by Applicable Law. The power of attorney granted hereby may not be exercised unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and Mortgagee has notified Owner Trustee that it will enforce its security interest in the Collateral if such notice is specifically required under the applicable Loan Documents (including pursuant to any notice and cure rights). The appointment of Mortgagee as Borrower’s attorney-in-fact, and each and every one of Mortgagee’s rights and powers, being coupled with an interest, is irrevocable until all of the Secured Obligations have been fully repaid and performed. MORTGAGEE AND ANY OF ITS OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, LENDERS OR REPRESENTATIVES SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE TO THE OWNER TRUSTEE OR ANY OTHER PERSON FOR ANY ACT OR FAILURE TO ACT PURSUANT TO THE POWERS GRANTED UNDER THE POWER OF ATTORNEY HEREIN OR OTHERWISE, EXCEPT FOR ITS OR THEIR OWN GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR WILLFUL MISCONDUCT, NOR FOR ANY PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. ARTICLE V CONCERNING THE LEASES Section 5.01 Acknowledgment of Leases. The Owner Trustee and the Mortgagee acknowledge and agree for the benefit of each Lessee that notwithstanding any other provisions hereof to the contrary, the Lien of this Mortgage shall, so long as no Lease Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, be expressly subject to all of the rights of such Lessee under the applicable Lease. - xiv - Section 5.02 Quiet Enjoyment. Etc. The Owner Trustee and the Mortgagee acknowledge and agree for the benefit of each Lessee that notwithstanding any other provision hereof to the contrary: (a) so long as no Lease Event of Default under the applicable Lease shall have occurred and be continuing, the Mortgagee shall not interfere or permit any Person acting by, through or under the Mortgagee to interfere with any right of such Lessee peaceably and quietly without hindrance or molestation to hold, possess and use, during the term of the applicable Lease and in accordance with the terms thereof, the applicable Mortgaged Property; (b) subject to the provisions of this Mortgage, and until the occurrence of an Event of Default (which Event of Default has not been waived in writing by the Mortgagee) and upon demand by the Mortgagee following notice to Owner Trustee that it will enforce its security interest in the Collateral (if such notice is specifically required under the applicable Loan Documents (including pursuant to any notice and cure rights)), the Owner Trustee may exercise all the rights and enjoy all the benefits of the lessor under the applicable Lease; (c) any amounts held by the Mortgagee or any agent or trustee acting on behalf of the Mortgagee for which application is provided in the Lease or applicable replacement lease shall be applied solely as provided in such lease. Section 5.03 Miscellaneous. (a) The Owner Trustee shall remain liable as lessor under the applicable Lease to perform all the obligations assumed by the Owner Trustee thereunder. The obligations of the Owner Trustee under the applicable Lease may be performed by Mortgagee or any subsequent assignee of the Mortgagee (“Subsequent Mortgagee”) without releasing the Owner Trustee therefrom. The Mortgagee or any Subsequent Mortgagee shall have no liability or obligation under any Lease by reason of this Mortgage and shall not, by reason of this Mortgage, be obligated to perform any of the obligations of the Owner Trustee under the Leases or to file any claim or take any other action to collect or enforce any payment assigned hereunder. (b) The Owner Trustee hereby agrees (i) to perform duly and punctually each of the terms, conditions and covenants contained in the Leases, and (ii) subject to the Owner Trustee’s business judgment and reasonable commercial practice, to exercise promptly and diligently each and every right it may have under the Leases. (c) The Owner Trustee does hereby warrant and represent that all Leases are in full force and effect and that it has not assigned or pledged, and hereby covenants that it will not assign or pledge, so long as this Mortgage shall remain in effect, the whole or any part of the rights to the Leases or any other of the rights hereby assigned, to anyone other than the Mortgagee except in the case of Permitted Liens or as may otherwise be permitted under the Credit Agreement. ARTICLE VI MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Section 6.01 Amendments, Etc. None of the terms or provisions of this Mortgage may be waived, amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except by a written instrument executed


 
- xv - by the Owner Trustee and Mortgagee, provided, that any provision of this Mortgage may be waived by the Mortgagee in a written letter or agreement executed by the Mortgagee or by facsimile transmission from the Mortgagee, and any such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. Section 6.02 Notices. All notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by fax transmission or e-mail transmission as follows, and all notices and other communications expressly permitted hereunder to be given by telephone shall be made to the applicable telephone number, as follows: Owner Trustee: [__________] [__________] [__________] Attn: [__________] Telephone No.: [__________] Facsimile No.: [__________] Email: [__________] With a copy to: [Willis Lease Finance Corporation] [__________] [__________] Attn: [__________] Telephone No.: [__________] Facsimile No.: [__________] Email: [__________] Mortgagee: Bank of America, N.A. [__________] [__________] Attn: [__________] Telephone No.: [__________] Facsimile No.: [__________] Email: [__________] Notices and other communications sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail, shall be deemed to have been given when received; notices and other - xvi - communications sent by fax transmission shall be deemed to have been given when sent (except that, if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient). Unless the Mortgagee otherwise prescribes, (A) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgment from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e- mail or other written acknowledgement) and (B) notices and other communications posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received by the intended recipient upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgement from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e-mail address or other written acknowledgement) indicating that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor; provided that for both clauses (A) and (B), if such notice or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice, email or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient. Section 6.03 Continuing Lien and Security Interests; Transfer. This Mortgage shall create a continuing lien and security interest in the Collateral and (i) shall remain in full force and effect until the earlier to occur of the following: (a) payment in full of the Obligations (other than contingent obligations which by their nature cannot be satisfied by payment at such time) and (b) either (i) expiration of the term of the Credit Agreement or (ii) termination of the obligation of any Lender to make any advances to the Borrower pursuant to the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document (ii) shall be binding upon the Owner Trustee, its successors and assigns, and (iii) shall inure, together with the rights and remedies of the Mortgagee hereunder, to the benefit of the Mortgagee, and its respective successors, transferees and assigns. The Mortgagee may, but subject to the provisions of Section 9.06 of the Credit Agreement, assign or otherwise transfer its rights hereunder or under the Credit Agreement to any other Person, and such other Person shall thereupon become vested with all the benefits in respect thereof granted to the Mortgagee herein or otherwise, subject, however, to the provisions hereof; provided that, as soon as practicable after such assignment or transfer, Mortgagee shall notify the Owner Trustee of any change in payment instructions necessitated by such assignment or transfer. Section 6.04 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Venue; Waiver of Jury Trial. (a) GOVERNING LAW. THIS MORTGAGE AND ANY CLAIMS, CONTROVERSY, DISPUTE OR CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR TORT OR OTHERWISE) BASED UPON, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS MORTGAGE AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY AND THEREBY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. (b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION. EACH OF THE PARTIES IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT COMMENCE ANY ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING OF ANY KIND OR DESCRIPTION, WHETHER IN LAW OR EQUITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR IN TORT OR OTHERWISE, AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, OR ANY RELATED PARTY OF THE FOREGOING IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS MORTGAGE OR - xvii - THE TRANSACTIONS RELATING HERETO OR THERETO, IN ANY FORUM OTHER THAN THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SITTING IN NEW YORK COUNTY AND OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT OF THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS AND AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH NEW YORK STATE COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS MORTGAGE OR IN ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE MORTGAGEE MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS MORTGAGE OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT AGAINST THE OWNER PARTICIPANT OR THE OWNER TRUSTEE OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION TO COLLECT THE OBLIGATIONS, TO REALIZE ON THE COLLATERAL OR ANY OTHER SECURITY FOR THE OBLIGATIONS, OR TO ENFORCE A JUDGMENT OR OTHER COURT ORDER IN FAVOR OF THE MORTGAGEE. (c) WAIVER OF VENUE. EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS MORTGAGE OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN CLAUSE (b) OF THIS SECTION 6.04. EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT. (d) WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS MORTGAGE OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (a) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (b) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS MORTGAGE - xviii - AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 6.04. Section 6.05 Severability. The invalidity of any one or more of the provisions of this Mortgage shall not affect the remaining provisions of this Mortgage; if any one or more of the provisions of this Mortgage should be held by any court of law to be invalid, or should operate to render this Mortgage invalid or to impair the lien and security interest of this Mortgage on all or the major portion of the property intended to be mortgaged hereunder, this Mortgage shall be construed as if such provisions had not been contained therein. Section 6.06 Entire Agreement. This Mortgage (including all exhibits hereto) and the documents executed pursuant hereto constitute the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements, commitments, understandings or inducements (oral or written, expressed or implied), and may not be modified, altered or amended except by a written agreement signed by Owner Trustee and Mortgagee. Section 6.07 Counterparts. This Mortgage may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Mortgage by electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Mortgage. Subject to Section 11.18 of the Credit Agreement, this Mortgage may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures (including facsimile and .pdf) and shall be considered an original and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. [Any person that uses electronic signatures and electronic methods to send communications to the Owner Trustee assumes all risks arising out of such use, including without limitation the risk of the Owner Trustee acting on an unauthorized communication, and the risk of interception or misuse by third parties.]2 Section 6.08 Credit Agreement to Control. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Mortgage and the terms of the Credit Agreement, the terms of the Credit Agreement shall control. Section 6.09 Time of the Essence. Time is of the essence for performance of any obligations under this Mortgage. Section 6.10 Termination and Release. (a) Full Release. Upon the earlier to occur of (i) payment in full of all Obligations (other than contingent obligations which by their nature cannot be satisfied by payment at such time) and either (x) expiration of the term of the Credit Agreement or (y) termination of the obligation of any Lender to make any advances to the Borrower pursuant to the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document; or (ii) release by the Mortgagee of the Lien created hereunder in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Mortgage, the Credit 2 NTD: include for U.S. Bank only. It is required by U.S. Bank where electronic signatures are permitted.


 
- xix - Agreement and the other Loan Documents, this Mortgage, and all of the powers, rights and interests granted hereunder and created hereby shall forthwith terminate, and the Mortgagee shall, at the cost and expense of the Owner Trustee, execute and deliver all such documents and instruments reasonably necessary to accomplish the same, and shall take all actions necessary to discharge any interests in the Mortgaged Property on the International Registry in favor of Mortgagee, within a reasonable period of time. (b) Partial Release. Notwithstanding paragraph (a), the Owner Trustee shall be entitled to have any item of Collateral released from this Mortgage, which partial releases shall be in form reasonably satisfactory to Mortgagee, for the following reasons: (i) for sale or other disposal of Collateral not prohibited by the Credit Agreement; or (ii) to allow the relevant Collateral to be pledged to another lender in connection with the incurrence of Indebtedness permitted under the Credit Agreement, but solely to the extent the Lien created herein shall be required to be released and not subordinated as a condition thereof (and the Owner Trustee shall use reasonable efforts to require such subordination in lieu of release). If any item of Collateral released pursuant to the foregoing is then the subject of a Lease from the Owner Trustee and if the lessee has deposited with the Owner Trustee any related cash, letter of credit, guaranty or security deposit, maintenance reserve or other cash deposit that does not constitute payment of rental under the relevant Lease, then at the time of release of the relevant Collateral the Mortgagee shall also release the related cash deposit and letter of credit. Section 6.11 Capacity of Mortgagor. It is understood and agreed that the Mortgagor is entering into this Mortgage solely in its capacity as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreements, and that it shall not be liable or accountable in its individual capacity in any circumstances whatsoever except for the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Mortgagor in its individual capacity and as otherwise expressly provided in the Trust Agreements, but otherwise shall be liable or accountable solely to the extent of the assets of the Trust Estate. [Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank] S-1 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Mortgage to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written. [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][BANK OF UTAH][U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION], not individually but solely as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreements, As Owner Trustee By: Name: Title: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as Collateral Agent As Mortgagee By: Name: Title: Exhibit A - 1 EXHIBIT A The Mortgaged Property and Leases Mortgaged Property Description Lease Description [insert description of Mortgaged Property, including manufacturer, model type and serial number. For descriptions of Aircraft, Airframes and Engines, confirm the description of such Mortgaged Property with FAA counsel] [Any now existing and all after-acquired leases of the Engines or Aircraft described in this Exhibit A hereafter arising in which Owner Trustee is the lessor or an assignee of a lessor with respect to the Engines or Aircraft, as the same may be modified, amended or supplemented from time to time [, including but not limited to the following: Insert description of existing lease here with FAA recording information]3]4 3 If the Engine or Aircraft is subject to a lease, include the bracketed language and insert the description of the existing lease with FAA recording information. Otherwise, delete the bracketed wording. 4 Include this wording each time the Mortgaged Property is an Engine or Aircraft. EXHIBIT B The Trust Agreements | a l . [insert Trust Agreement description] 2. [insert Trust Agreement description] 3. [insert Trust Agreement description] 4. [insert Trust Agreement description] 5. Exhibit B-1 xhibit - I T he rust gree ents 1 ert rust gree ent scription] . ert rust gree ent scription] . ert rust gree ent scription] . ert rust gree ent scription] .


 
EXHIBIT C FORM OF MORTGAGE SUPPLEMENT [Appended. ] Exhibit C-1 xhibit - HIBIT F RTGAGE ENT ended. Exhibit C-2 FORM OF MORTGAGE SUPPLEMENT THIS MORTGAGE SUPPLEMENT dated ___________________, 20___ (the “Mortgage Supplement”) is made by [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [BANK OF UTAH][U.S. BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][or other Owner Trustee], not individually, but solely as Owner Trustee (the “Owner Trustee”) under those certain Trust Agreement(s) described in Schedule 1 hereto, in favor of BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as Collateral Agent for itself and on behalf of the Secured Parties under the Credit Agreement (as defined below) (together with its successors and assigns, the “Mortgagee”). WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Borrower”) has entered into that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of ___________, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the Borrower, the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Mortgagee, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time. All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Credit Agreement; WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent and requirement under the Credit Agreement that the Owner Trustee shall have entered into that certain Master Owner Trustee Mortgage and Security Agreement dated as of ___________, 2024 in favor of the Mortgagee, which was recorded by the FAA on _________, 2024 and assigned FAA Conveyance No. ___________, (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, herein called the “Mortgage”); WHEREAS, the Mortgage provides for the execution and delivery from time to time of Mortgage Supplements thereto, each of which shall describe certain additional Collateral (such term and other defined terms in the Mortgage being herein used with the same meanings) and shall specifically mortgage such Collateral to the Mortgagee; and WHEREAS, the Owner Trustee desires to mortgage, pledge and grant a security interest in the Mortgaged Property and Lease as set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, this Mortgage Supplement witnesseth, that to secure (i) the prompt and complete payment and performance when due of all of the Secured Obligations and (ii) the performance and observance by the Owner Trustee of all the agreements, covenants and provisions in the Mortgage, and in consideration of the premises and of the covenants contained in the Mortgage, and of the sum of $1.00 paid to the Owner Trustee by the Mortgagee at or before the delivery hereof, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, the Owner Trustee has mortgaged, pledged, granted a security interest in and confirmed unto the Mortgagee, and does hereby mortgage, pledge, grant a security interest in and confirm unto the Mortgagee, the following described property to be included in the defined term “Collateral” and to be subject to all terms of the Mortgage, as amended hereby: A. [(i) [One (1) _____________ model _____ aircraft engine bearing Manufacturer’s Serial Number ___________ (which is described Exhibit C-3 on the pre-populated drop down menus of the International Registry as a ________ model _______ engine bearing manufacturer’s serial number ________) , together with all Parts which are either incorporated or installed in or attached to such Engine or required to be subject to the lien and security interest of this Mortgage;][One (1) ___________ model ____________ aircraft bearing manufacturer’s serial number ___________ and Registration Number _____ (which is described on the pre-populated drop down menus of the International Registry as a ________ model _______ aircraft bearing manufacturer’s serial number ________).] (ii) Each of the lease agreements described below and any and all after-acquired leases hereafter arising in which Owner Trustee is lessor or an assignee of a lessor covering such Mortgaged Property, as the same may be modified, amended or supplemented from time to time: [list any existing leases here] B. all right, title and interest of the Owner Trustee in, to and under the overhaul, repair and maintenance manuals, programs and catalogues which are part of or used in connection with the maintenance program and all warranties and rights relating thereto in respect of such Mortgaged Property; C. all Records; and D. all Proceeds of all or any of the foregoing. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD all and singular the aforesaid property unto the Mortgagee, its successors and assigns, for the uses and purposes and subject to the terms and provisions set forth in the Mortgage. This Mortgage Supplement shall be construed as supplemental to the Mortgage and shall form a part of the Mortgage and the Mortgage is hereby incorporated by reference herein and is hereby ratified, approved and confirmed. This Mortgage Supplement is being delivered in the state of New York. This Mortgage Supplement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Mortgage Supplement by electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Mortgage Supplement. Subject to Section 11.18 of the Credit Agreement, this Mortgage Supplement may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures (including facsimile and .pdf) and shall be considered an original and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. It is understood and agreed that the Mortgagor is entering into this Mortgage Supplement solely in its capacity as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreement[s] (as defined in Schedule 1 Exhibit C-4 hereto), and that it shall not be liable or accountable in its individual capacity in any circumstances whatsoever except for the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Mortgagor in its individual capacity and as otherwise expressly provided in the Trust Agreements, but otherwise shall be liable or accountable solely to the extent of the assets of the Trust Estate. AND, FURTHER, the Owner Trustee hereby acknowledges that the Collateral covered by this Mortgage Supplement has been delivered to the Owner Trustee and is included in the property of the Owner Trustee covered by all the terms and conditions of the Mortgage. [Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]


 
Exhibit C-5 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Mortgage Supplement to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written. [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [BANK OF UTAH][U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION], not individually but solely as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreements, As Owner Trustee By: Name: Title: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as Collateral Agent As Mortgagee By: Name: Title: SCHEDULE 1 TO THE MORTGAGE SUPPLEMENT The Trust Agreement(s) 1. [insert description of Trust Agreement] 2. [insert an additional Trust Agreement description, if applicable] Exhibit C-6 xhibit - DULE E RTGAGE ENT he rust gr ement(s) . ert scripti n f rust greement] . ert diti nal rust gree ent scription, plicable] EXHIBIT | Form of Leasing Subsidiary Security Agreement [Appended] #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 - - I I I r f easing bsidiary curity gree ent pended] Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment – [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] [FORM OF] MASTER LEASING SUBSIDIARY SECURITY AGREEMENT ([LEASING SUBSIDIARY]) dated [__], 20[__] [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] as the Leasing Subsidiary and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. as Agent MASTER LEASING SUBSIDIARY SECURITY AGREEMENT RELATING TO THE LEASE OF EACH ENGINE AND EACH ITEM EQUIPMENT DESCRIBED ON SCHEDULE 4 HERETO, AS SUPPLEMENTED FROM TIME TO TIME


 
-2- Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment – [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] THIS MASTER LEASING SUBSIDIARY SECURITY AGREEMENT (as amended, modified, or supplemented, from time to time, this “Agreement”) dated [__], 20[__], is between [LEASING SUBSIDIARY], a [jurisdiction] [entity] (the “Leasing Subsidiary”) and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as Collateral Agent and Administrative Agent under the Credit Agreement (as defined below) (the “Agent”). RECITALS A. Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), as borrower, has entered into that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the Borrower, the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Agent, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as the Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time. B. It is a condition precedent and requirement under the Credit Agreement that the Leasing Subsidiary execute and deliver this Agreement to secure the Secured Obligations. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which hereby are acknowledged, IT IS AGREED as follows: 1. Definitions. 1.1 All capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in (or by reference in) the Credit Agreement. The interpretative provisions of Section 1.02 of the Credit Agreement are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis and the parties hereto agree to such terms. 1.2 As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below: “Assigned Property” means all of the Leasing Subsidiary's rights, title, benefit and interest, whether now existing or hereafter acquired, to, in and under each Sublease including (without limitation) all monies whatsoever payable to or for the account of the Leasing Subsidiary under such Sublease and all other rights and benefits whatsoever accruing to the Leasing Subsidiary as a result of such Sublease (including the Insurances) together with the benefit of any security granted or issued to the Leasing Subsidiary as security for the performance of any other party's obligations under such Sublease. “Engine” means each aircraft engine as more particularly defined in Schedule 4 attached hereto, as the same may be updated from time to time after the Closing Date pursuant to a Sections 3.4 and 5 of this Agreement. “Equipment” means each Airframe, those Parts, and each Corporate Aircraft as more particularly defined in Schedule 4 attached hereto, as the same may be updated from time to time after the Closing Date pursuant to Sections 3.4 and 5 of this Agreement. -3- Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment – [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] “Head Lease” with respect to an Engine or item of Equipment, the head lease agreement associated with such Engine or item of Equipment in Schedule 4 attached hereto, as the same may be updated from time to time after the Closing Date pursuant to Sections 3.4 and 5 of this Agreement. “”“Insurances” means, with respect to an Engine or item of Equipment and the Sublease related thereto, all of the Leasing Subsidiary's rights, title, benefit and interest to, in and under the insurances procured by the applicable Sublessee in fulfillment of its obligations under such Sublease (other than any policy of third party liability insurance), including (without limitation) all monies payable to or for the account of the Leasing Subsidiary under the Insurances and all other rights and benefits whatsoever accruing to the Leasing Subsidiary as a result of the Insurances. “Sublease” means, with respect to an Engine or item of Equipment, the Sublease agreement associated with such Engine or item of Equipment in Schedule 4 attached hereto, as the same may be updated from time to time after the Closing Date pursuant to Sections 3.4 and 5 of this Agreement. “Sublessee” means, with respect to each Sublease, the Sublessee under the applicable Sublease, as more particularly defined in Schedule 4 attached hereto, as the same may be updated from time to time after the Closing Date pursuant to Sections 3.4 and 5 of this Agreement. “Supplement” means a supplement to this Agreement executed by the Leasing Subsidiary and the Agent in substantially the form attached as Schedule 5 hereto. 2. Representations and Warranties. 2.1 The Leasing Subsidiary hereby represents and warrants to the Agent that as of the Closing Date: (a) the Leasing Subsidiary has the full power and authority and legal right to execute, deliver and perform the terms of this Agreement and such execution, delivery and performance is duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Leasing Subsidiary and this Agreement constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Leasing Subsidiary, enforceable against the Leasing Subsidiary in accordance with its terms, except to the extent limited by (i) Debtor Relief Laws or (ii) equitable principles relating to the granting of specific performance and other equitable remedies as a matter of judicial discretion; (b) each Sublease described in Schedule 4 attached hereto constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Leasing Subsidiary and is in full force and effect and has not been varied or modified in any way or cancelled and neither the Leasing Subsidiary nor (so far as The Leasing Subsidiary is actually aware) the relevant Sublessee are in default thereunder nor has any Event of Loss occurred with respect to the applicable Engine or item of Equipment; and (c) it has not assigned, charged, pledged or otherwise encumbered any of its rights and benefits under the Assigned Property, other than the security interest created hereby and the rights of the Agent hereunder. -4- Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment – [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] 2.2 The Leasing Subsidiary hereby represents and warrants to the Agent that as of the date on which each Supplement is entered into: (a) the Leasing Subsidiary has the full power and authority and legal right to execute, deliver and perform the terms of this Agreement, as supplemented by such Supplement, and such execution, delivery and performance is duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Leasing Subsidiary and this Agreement, as supplemented by such Supplement, constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Leasing Subsidiary, enforceable against the Leasing Subsidiary in accordance with its terms, except to the extent limited by (i) Debtor Relief Laws or (ii) equitable principles relating to the granting of specific performance and other equitable remedies as a matter of judicial discretion; (b) solely with respect to such Supplement being entered into, each Sublease described in such Supplement constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Leasing Subsidiary and is in full force and effect and has not been varied or modified in any way or cancelled and neither the Leasing Subsidiary nor (so far as The Leasing Subsidiary is actually aware) the relevant Sublessee is in default thereunder nor has any Event of Loss occurred with respect to the applicable Engine or item of Equipment; and (c) it has not assigned, charged, pledged or otherwise encumbered any of its rights and benefits under the Assigned Property described in such Supplement being entered into, other than the security interest created hereby and the rights of the Agent hereunder. 3. Assignment of Collateral Security Interest. 3.1 The Leasing Subsidiary as legal and beneficial owner, for the purpose of securing the Secured Obligations, hereby collaterally assigns and grants a security interest in favor of the Agent in all right, title and interest of the Leasing Subsidiary, whether now existing or hereafter arising, in, to and under the Assigned Property. 3.2 Any and all monies and rights comprising the Assigned Property shall be payable to the Leasing Subsidiary and performed in accordance with the provisions regulating payment and performance thereof in any Sublease until such time as an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing and the Agent shall direct to the contrary, whereupon the Leasing Subsidiary shall forthwith, and the Agent may, at any time thereafter, instruct the persons from whom such monies are then payable to pay the same to the Agent or as it may direct. 3.3 The Agent's rights under this Agreement shall become exercisable only upon the occurrence of an Event of Default which is continuing. 3.4 Upon the sale or other disposal of any Engine or Equipment in accordance with the Credit Agreement, termination of any Sublease included in the Assigned Property or any other release by the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 9.10 of the Credit Agreement, the lien and security interest created hereby or under any Supplement in, to, and under all Assigned Property related to such Engine or Equipment sold or otherwise disposed of in accordance with the Credit Agreement shall automatically terminate or such terminated Sublease or other property or person subject to such release, be released and discharged and Schedule 4 to this Agreement shall be deemed to have been updated to delete such Engine, Equipment, Sublease or other -5- Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment – [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] property or person subject to such release; provided that this Agreement shall be reinstated if at any time payment and performance of the Secured Obligations, or any part thereof, are, pursuant to applicable law, rescinded or reduced in amount or must otherwise be restored or returned by the Agent, whether as a “voidable preference”, “fraudulent preference”, “fraudulent conveyance” or otherwise, all as though such payment or performance had not been made. 3.5 Any amount received by the Agent pursuant to this Agreement shall be applied in discharging any sums then due and owing which are secured by this Agreement in accordance with Section 8.03 of the Credit Agreement. 3.6 This security is in addition to, and shall not be merged in, or in any way prejudice, any other security interest, document or right which the Agent may now or at any time hereafter hold or have. 4. Notice of Assignment. 4.1 Following the occurrence of an Event of Default, and during the continuance thereof, and if requested by the Agent in writing to do so, the Leasing Subsidiary shall deliver a notice of assignment forthwith to each affected Sublessee in the form of Schedule 1 and to brokers through whom the Insurances are placed in the form of Schedule 3 (or such other form as the Agent may agree) and shall use its reasonable endeavors to procure an acknowledgement of the relevant Sublessee in the form of Schedule 2 (or such other form as the Agent may agree). 4.2 From time to time after the execution of this Agreement, the Leasing Subsidiary shall deliver to the Agent evidence, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent that this Agreement or prescribed particulars thereof and each Supplement or prescribed particulars thereof have been delivered to and filed with all relevant authorities in all applicable jurisdictions reasonably requested by the Agent and to the extent required by the Credit Agreement. 5. Supplements. The Leasing Subsidiary shall execute a Supplement in favor of the Agent with respect to each Sublease of any additional Engine or item of Equipment subleased by the Leasing Subsidiary from time to time following the execution of this Agreement if it desires to satisfy the condition precedent to the inclusion of such Engine or item of Equipment in the Borrowing Base, in accordance with Section 4.03 of the Credit Agreement. Upon execution and delivery of each Supplement by the Leasing Subsidiary and the Agent, such Supplement shall be construed as supplemental to and shall form a part of this Agreement, shall modify the defined terms “Assigned Property,” “Engine,” “Equipment,” “Head Lease,”“” “Sublease” and “Sublessee” hereunder to include the additional property or persons described thereunder, Schedule 4 to this Agreement shall be deemed to have been updated to include the additional property or persons described in such Supplement and the filings and registrations as set forth in Section 4.2 hereof shall be accomplished with respect to the Assigned Property as contemplated in such Supplement. 6. Covenants. 6.1 The Leasing Subsidiary hereby covenants with the Agent that:


 
-6- Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment – [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] (a) it will do or permit to be done each and every act or thing which the Agent may from time to time reasonably require to be done for the purpose of enforcing the Agent's rights in relation to the Assigned Property as set forth in this Agreement (including each Supplement); (b) except as permitted pursuant to the applicable Head Lease and the applicable Sublease or as otherwise permitted by the Credit Agreement or the other Loan Documents, it will not transfer, assign, sell, dispose of or otherwise alienate, nor will it create or permit to exist any mortgage, charge, pledge lien or other security interest whatsoever, howsoever created or arising, over any of its rights, title, benefit or interest under the Assigned Property; (c) following the occurrence of an Event of Default which is continuing, the Leasing Subsidiary will not without the prior written consent of the Agent, not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed, amend or modify any provision of the Sublease which would in any way be prejudicial to the Agent's rights or agree or purport to do so. 7. Leasing Subsidiary Acknowledgements. 7.1 It is agreed that notwithstanding the provisions of this Agreement: (a) the Leasing Subsidiary shall at all times remain liable to perform all the duties and obligations of the Leasing Subsidiary in relation to the Assigned Property to the same extent as if this Agreement had not been executed; (b) the exercise by the Agent of any of the rights assigned hereunder shall not release the Leasing Subsidiary from any of its duties or obligations to the Sublessee under the applicable Sublease except to the extent that such exercise by the Agent shall constitute performance of such duties and obligations; (c) the Agent shall not have any obligation or liability under the Assigned Property by reason of, or arising out of, this Agreement or be obliged to perform any of the obligations or duties of the Leasing Subsidiary under the Assigned Property or to make any payment or to present or file any claim or to take any other action to collect or enforce any claim for any payment assigned hereunder; (d) at any time following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default the Agent shall be entitled to notify the Sublessee that the Agent's rights and remedies under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents have become exercisable, and after the delivery of such notice, during the continuance of such Event of Default, all such rights and powers may be exercisable only by the Agent; (e) the Agent shall not be obliged to make any enquiry as to the nature or sufficiency of any payment made under the Assigned Property or received by it hereunder in the exercise of its rights and remedies after the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default or to make any claim or take any other action to collect any monies or to enforce any rights and benefits to which the Agent shall be entitled in the exercise of such rights and remedies; (f) the Agent shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever in the event that the exercise by the Leasing Subsidiary of any of its rights or powers under the Assigned Property -7- Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment – [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] may be adjudged improper or to constitute a breach or repudiation of the Assigned Property by the Leasing Subsidiary; and (g) in the event of any circumstances whereby further performance of any Sublease becomes impossible or unlawful or is otherwise frustrated, such impossibility, unlawfulness or frustration shall not affect the validity of any payments already received by the Agent in the exercise of its rights and remedies after the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default pursuant to this Agreement. 8. Power of Attorney. Subject to the last sentence of this Section 8, as security for the performance of the Secured Obligations and for conferring on the Agent the benefit of the rights expressed to be conferred under this Agreement, the Leasing Subsidiary irrevocably appoints and constitutes the Agent as the Leasing Subsidiary's true and lawful attorney with full power (in the name of the Leasing Subsidiary or otherwise) to carry out any of the Leasing Subsidiary's obligations under this Agreement, to ask, require, demand, receive, compound and give acquittance for any and all monies and advises for monies due or to become due, under or arising out of, the Subleases or the Assigned Property, to enforce any provision thereof, to give valid receipts and discharges, to endorse any cheques or other installments or orders in connection therewith, and generally to file any claims or take any action or institute any proceedings which may seem necessary or advisable to the Agent, for the purpose of putting into effect the intent of this Agreement. The powers conferred on the Agent by this Section 8 shall only be exercisable by the Agent following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, but no party dealing with the Agent as such attorney shall be bound to enquire as to whether this condition has in fact been satisfied. 9. Application of Proceeds. If any sum paid or recovered in respect of the liabilities of the Leasing Subsidiary under this Agreement is less than the amount then due, the Agent may apply that sum in accordance with the provisions of Section 8.03 of the Credit Agreement. 10. Continuing Security. The security hereby constituted shall be a continuing security and shall not be discharged by reason of any matter which would otherwise discharge the Leasing Subsidiary from its obligations hereunder, except as provided for in Section 3.4 above. 11. Delays, Waivers, Rights Cumulative. No failure by the Agent to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder or preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided, are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided by law. 12. Notices. The provisions of Section 11.02 of the Credit Agreement shall be incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms; provided that the address of the Leasing Subsidiary for all notices and other communications is the address set forth for the Borrower on Schedule 1.01(a) of the Credit Agreement. 13. Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, (a) the legality, validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this -8- Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment – [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] Agreement shall not be affected or impaired thereby and (b) the parties shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions. The invalidity of a provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. 14. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial. The provisions of Sections 11.14 and 11.15 of the Credit Agreement are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms. 15. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement. Subject to Section 11.18 of the Credit Agreement, this Agreement may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures (including facsimile and .pdf) and shall be considered an original and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. 16. Amendments. None of the terms or provisions of this Agreement may be waived, amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except by a written instrument executed by the Leasing Subsidiary and the Agent, provided, that any provision of this Agreement may be waived by the Agent in a written letter or agreement executed by the Agent or by facsimile transmission or Electronic Record from the Agent, and any such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. [Remainder of page intentionally left blank; signatures on following pages] S-1 Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment – [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written. “Leasing Subsidiary” [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] By: Name: Title “Agent” BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Collateral Agent By: Name: Title:


 
Schedule 1-1 Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment – [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] SCHEDULE 1 NOTICE OF ASSIGNMENT From: [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] To: [__________________] [_____________], 20__ Dear Sirs, We hereby give you notice that by that certain Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Agreement dated [__] (the “Agreement”) between us and Bank of America, N.A., as Agent (the “Agent”) we have collaterally assigned and granted a security interest to the Agent all our right, title and interest in and to: 1. the [describe Lease Agreement] (the “Sublease”), dated as of [________________], between ourselves and yourselves, as amended, novated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time relating to [describe Engine(s) or item of Equipment including, when applicable, by manufacturer's serial no.] (the [“Engine”][or][“Equipment”]). 2. All monies that may be payable by you under the Sublease shall be paid to the US Dollar Bank Account in the name of the Agent with [ ] Bank Account No. [ ] (the “Account”) with immediate effect unless and until the Agent otherwise directs to you in writing PROVIDED ALWAYS that your obligations under the Sublease shall not be increased as a result of making any such payments to the Account and if same would occur we will locate the Account in a jurisdiction so as to ensure that there is no increase in your obligations under the Sublease. 3. This notice and the instructions herein contained are irrevocable. Please acknowledge receipt of this notice to the Agent on the enclosed Acknowledgment. Yours faithfully, For and on behalf of [Leasing Subsidiary] Schedule 2-1 Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment – [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] SCHEDULE 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT From: [___________] To: Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Agent c.c. [LEASING SUBSIDIARY [ ], 20___ Dear Sirs, We acknowledge receipt of a Notice of Assignment dated [______________, 20__] (the “Notice”) relating to a leasing subsidiary security agreement (the “Agreement”) between [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] (the “Leasing Subsidiary”) and you, Bank of America, N.A., as the Agent. We acknowledge that the Agreement is effective to confer on you certain rights, title and interest of the Leasing Subsidiary under the Sublease as defined in the Agreement. All terms defined in the Notice shall have the same meaning herein. In consideration of payment to us of US$1.00, we hereby agree as follows: 1. That we will pay to you at the Account (or such other account as you may nominate) all amounts from time to time payable by us under the Sublease. 2. That we will not, without your prior written consent, create or permit to exist any mortgage, charge, pledge, lien or other security interest whatsoever, howsoever created or arising in and over the Engineor item of Equipment (as applicable) which results directly or indirectly from acts of or claims against ourselves except as expressly permitted by the Sublease. 3. That we will perform, observe and comply with all our other undertakings and obligations under the Sublease in your favor and for your benefit as if you were named therein instead of the Leasing Subsidiary, and if you so request, in regard to the Sublease, enter into a new agreement with you or your nominee, on the same terms (mutatis mutandis) as the Sublease. 4. With effect from the date of receipt of the Assignment Notice, we agree that we shall not recognize the exercise by the Leasing Subsidiary of any of its rights and powers under the Sublease unless and until requested to do so by you. Yours faithfully, For and on behalf of [_____________________] SMRH:4887-8951-6180.9 Schedule 3-1 Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment - Willis Lease Finance India IFSC Private Limited SCHEDULE 3 NOTICE OF ASSIGNMENT Address to: Insurance Brokers From: [Leasing Subsidiary] We, [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] (the “Leasing Subsidiary”), the lessor of [describe Engine(s) or item of Equipment, including when applicable by manufacturer's serial number] (the [“Engine”][or][“Equipment”]) pursuant to a Sublease (as amended and supplemented from time to time) between the Leasing Subsidiary and[_____________], hereby give notice that, by a certain Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Agreement, dated as of [__] and entered into between the Leasing Subsidiary and Bank of America, N.A.., in its capacity as Agent and on behalf of the “Secured Parties” under that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of [__], 2024 (the “Agent”), the Leasing Subsidiary has collaterally assigned and granted a security interest to the Agent in all its rights, title benefit and interest in to and under all insurances in respect of the [Engine(s)][or][Equipment] except third party liability insurances. THE LEASING SUBSIDIARY: For and on behalf of Willis Lease Finance India IFSC Private Limited SCHEDULE 4 ENGINE, EQUIPMENT, HEADLEASE, SUBLEASE, AND SUBLESSEE DETAILS Engine or Equipment Sublease Sublessee Head Lease N Y Om ) oy BR B) wy ) NM be Schedule 4-1 Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment — [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] edule - aster asing bsidiary curity ssi ent – L SI G SI I RY] DULE GINE, I ENT, DLEASE, LEASE, D E S E TAILS gine r ui ent blease ble s e ead ase 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.


 
- SCHEDULE 5 FORM OF LEASING SUBSIDIARY SECURITY ASSIGNMENT SUPPLEMENT NO. [__] ([LEASING SUBSIDIARY]) THIS LEASING SUBSIDIARY SECURITY ASSIGNMENT SUPPLEMENT NO. [__] dated _______________, 20__ (this “Supplement”) is between [LEASING SUBSIDIARY], a [jurisdiction] [entity] (the “Leasing Subsidiary”), and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as Agent under the Credit Agreement (as defined below) (together with its successors and assigns, the "Agent"). RECITALS: Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), as borrower, has entered into that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the "Credit Agreement") by and among the Borrower, the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Agent, Bank of America, N.A., the Swing Line Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time. B. The Leasing Subsidiary has executed that certain Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Agreement dated as of [__________] in favor of the Agent (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, the “Lease Security Agreement”) to secure the Secured Obligations; C. The Lease Security Agreement provides for the execution and delivery from time to time of Supplements (as defined in the Lease Security Agreement) thereto, each of which shall describe certain additional Assigned Property, shall specifically collaterally assign and grant a security interest in such Assigned Property to the Agent and shall supplement and form part of the Lease Security Assignment; and D. The Leasing Subsidiary desires to collaterally assign to the Agent the Assigned Property covered by this Supplement as set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 1. In this Supplement (including the Recitals) all capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Lease Security Agreement, or if not defined in the Lease Security Agreement, the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Credit Agreement. 2. In accordance with, and subject to, the Lease Security Agreement, the Leasing Subsidiary as legal and beneficial owner, for the purpose of securing the Secured Obligations, hereby assigns and grants a security interest and in favor of the Agent in all right, title, and interest of Assignor, whether now existing or hereafter arising, in, to and under each Sublease described in Exhibit A attached hereto, including (without limitation) all monies whatsoever payable to or for the account of the Leasing Subsidiary under such Sublease and all other rights and benefits whatsoever accruing to the Agent as a result of such Sublease (including the Insurances) together with the benefit of any security granted or issued to the Leasing Subsidiary as security for the performance of any other party's obligations under such Sublease(s) and all such rights, title, benefits and interest shall become part of the Assigned Property. 3. Each of the representations and warranties set forth in Section 2.2 of the Lease Security Agreement is hereby made as of the date hereof with respect to this Supplement and the Assigned Property described herein. 4. Pursuant to Section 5 of the Lease Security Assignment, this Supplement shall be construed as supplemental to the Lease Security Agreement and shall form a part of the Lease Security Agreement. The Lease Security Agreement is hereby ratified, approved and confirmed, and each provision thereof applicable to this Supplement is hereby incorporated by reference herein mutatis mutandis. 5. The provisions of Sections 11.14 and 11.15 of the Credit Agreement are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms. 6. This Supplement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Supplement by electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement. Subject to Section 11.18 of the Credit Agreement, this Supplement may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures (including facsimile and .pdf) and shall be considered an original and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. 7. None of the terms or provisions of this Supplement may be waived, amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except by a written instrument executed by the Leasing Subsidiary and the Agent, provided, that any provision of this Supplement may be waived by the Agent in a written letter or agreement executed by the Agent or by facsimile transmission or Electronic Record from the Agent, and any such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given. [Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank] -Signature Page to Leasing Subsidiary Security Agreement Supplement No. [__]- - IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Supplement to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written. [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] By: Name: Title: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as Agent By: Name: Title EXHIBIT A ENGINE, EQUIPMENT, HEADLEASE, SUBLEASE AND SUBLESSEE DETAILS Engine or Equipment Sublease Sublessee | Head Lease - Master Leasing Subsidiary Security Assignment - Willis Schedule 5-1 [LEASING SUBSIDIARY] Schedule 5-1 aster asi g bsidiary curity ssi ent illis L SI G SI I RY] I T GINE, I ENT, DLEASE, EASE D E S E TAILS gine r ui ent blease ble s e ead ease 8.


 
Exhibit J TO CREDIT AGREEMENT [FORM OF] MASTER OWNER TRUSTEE GUARANTY THIS MASTER OWNER TRUSTEE GUARANTY dated as of __________, 2024 (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, the “Guaranty”), made by [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][BANK OF UTAH][U.S. BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][Other Guarantor], not in its individual capacity, except as expressly provided herein, but solely as trustee (the “Guarantor”) under the Trust Agreements (as defined below), for the benefit of BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. (together with its successors and assigns, the “Collateral Agent”), in its capacity as Collateral Agent, for itself and on behalf of the Secured Parties under the Credit Agreement (as defined below). Reference is made to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of __________, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), by and among WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Collateral Agent, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as administrative agent, the Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time. All capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in (or by reference in) the Credit Agreement. It is a condition under the Credit Agreement that the Guarantor shall have executed and delivered this Guaranty to the Collateral Agent to guarantee performance of the Secured Obligations under the Loan Documents. Accordingly, the Guarantor hereby agrees with the Collateral Agent as follows: Section 1. DEFINED TERMS. All capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in (or by reference in) the Credit Agreement. The interpretive provisions of Section 1.02 of the Credit Agreement are incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, and the parties hereto agree to such terms. As used in this Guaranty, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below: “Excluded Swap Obligation” shall mean any obligation of a Loan Party under the Credit Agreement with respect to a “swap,” as defined in Section 1a(47) of the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), if and to the extent that the Guarantor’s guaranteeing of such swap obligation, or the Guarantor’s granting of a security interest or lien to secure such swap obligation, is or becomes illegal under the CEA, or any rule, regulation or order of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (or the application or official interpretation of any thereof), by virtue of the Guarantor’s failure for any reason to constitute an “eligible contract participant,” as defined in Section 1a(18) of the CEA and the regulations thereunder, at the time such guarantee or such security interest grant becomes effective with respect to such swap obligation. If any such swap obligation arises under a master agreement governing more than one swap, the foregoing exclusion shall apply only to those swap obligations that are attributable to swaps in respect of which the Guarantor’s guaranteeing of, or the Guarantor’s granting of a security interest or lien to secure, such swaps is or becomes illegal. “Owner Trusty Guaranty Supplement” means any Owner Trusty Guaranty Supplement, substantially in the form of Schedule 2 hereto. “Trust Agreements” means each trust agreement described on Schedule 1 hereto or in a Owner Trustee Guaranty Supplement hereto which has not been the subject of a release. Section 2. GUARANTY. From and after the date hereof, the Guarantor hereby absolutely and unconditionally, guarantees, as primary obligor and as a guaranty of payment and performance and not merely as a guaranty of collection, prompt payment when due, whether at stated maturity, by required prepayment, upon acceleration, demand or otherwise, and at all times thereafter, of any and all Secured Obligations (subject to the proviso in this sentence, its “Guaranteed Obligations”); provided that (a) the Guaranteed Obligations of the Guarantor shall exclude any Excluded Swap Obligations and (b) the liability of the Guarantor with respect to this Guaranty shall be limited to an aggregate amount equal to the largest amount that would not render its obligations hereunder subject to avoidance under Section 548 of the Bankruptcy Code of the United States or any comparable provisions of any applicable state law or other Applicable Law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Guaranteed Obligations shall include any such indebtedness, obligations, and liabilities, or portion thereof, which may be or hereafter become unenforceable or compromised or shall be an allowed or disallowed claim under any proceeding or case commenced by or against any debtor under any Debtor Relief Laws or as the result of any Bail-In Action. The Administrative Agent’s books and records showing the amount of the Obligations shall be admissible in evidence in any action or proceeding, and shall be binding upon the Guarantor, and conclusive for the purpose of establishing the amount of the Secured Obligations. This Guaranty shall not be affected by the genuineness, validity, regularity or enforceability of the Secured Obligations or any instrument or agreement evidencing any Secured Obligations, or by the existence, validity, enforceability, perfection, non-perfection or extent of any collateral therefor, or by any fact or circumstance relating to the Secured Obligations which might otherwise constitute a defense to the obligations of the Guarantor under this Guaranty (other than the defense of prior payment), and the Guarantor hereby irrevocably waives any defenses it may now have or hereafter acquire in any way relating to any or all of the foregoing (other than the defense of prior payment). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Guaranty, the term “Secured Obligations” shall not include any Excluded Swap Obligation. The Guarantor hereby waives all notices of any character whatsoever with respect to this Guaranty and the Secured Obligations, including notice of the acceptance hereof and reliance hereon, of the present existence or future incurring of any Secured Obligations, of the amounts, terms and conditions thereof, and of any defaults thereon, and further waives the defenses of diligence, presentment for payment, protest, demand or extensions of time for payment. The Guarantor hereby consents to the taking of, or failure to take, from time to time without notice to the Guarantor, any such action of any nature whatsoever with respect to the Obligations and with respect to any rights against any Person or Persons or in any property, including any renewals, extensions, modifications, postponements, compromises, settlements, substitutions, refusals or failures to exercise or enforce, indulgences, waivers, surrenders, exchanges and releases, and the Guarantor will remain fully liable hereon notwithstanding any of the foregoing. The Guarantor hereby waives the benefit of all laws now or hereafter in effect in any way limiting or restricting its liability hereunder, including without limitation: (a) except for the defense of payment made on account of the Secured Obligations to the Collateral Agent or the Administrative Agent or any Lender, all defenses whatsoever (legal or equitable) to the Guarantor's liability hereunder including (i) defenses, set-offs, counterclaims or claims that Guarantor may have against the Borrower or any other party liable to the Collateral Agent or the Administrative Agent or any Lender and (ii) any defense, set-off, counterclaim or claim of any kind or nature, arising directly or indirectly from the present or future lack of perfection, sufficiency, validity or enforceability of the Secured Obligations or any security therefor; (b) all right to stay of execution and exemption of property in any action to enforce its liability hereunder; (c) all rights accorded it under any other statutory provisions of any other applicable jurisdiction affecting the rights of the Collateral Agent to enforce the obligations of the Guarantor under this Guaranty; (d) all notice of any adverse change in the financial condition of the Borrower or of any other fact that might increase Guarantor's risk; (e) any defense based upon or arising out of an election of remedies by the Collateral Agent; (f) the benefit of any statute of limitations affecting the Guarantor's liability hereunder or the enforcement thereof (and any act which shall defer or delay the operation of any statute of limitations applicable to the Secured Obligations shall similarly operate to defer or delay the operation of such statute of limitations applicable to the Guarantor's liability hereunder); and (g) all rights and defenses arising out of an election of remedies by the Collateral Agent, even though that election of remedies may have the effect of destroying the Guarantor’s rights of subrogation and reimbursement against the Borrower. To the maximum extent permitted by law, Guarantor hereby waives any right of subrogation or reimbursement Guarantor has or may have as against the Borrower with respect to the Secured Obligations, until the Secured Obligations have been indefeasibly paid in full. In addition, Guarantor hereby waives any right to proceed against the Borrower, now or hereafter, for contribution, indemnity, reimbursement, and any other suretyship rights and claims, whether direct or indirect, liquidated or contingent, whether arising under express or implied contract or by operation of law, which Guarantor may now have or hereafter have as against the Borrower with respect to the Secured Obligations. Guarantor also hereby waives any rights to recourse to or with respect to any asset of the Borrower. Guarantor agrees that in light of the immediately foregoing waivers, the execution of this Guaranty shall not be deemed to make Guarantor a "creditor" of the Borrower, and that for purposes of Sections 547 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code of the United States, Guarantor shall not be deemed a "creditor" of the Borrower. WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF ANY OTHER WAIVER OR OTHER PROVISION SET FORTH IN THIS GUARANTY, GUARANTOR HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ANY AND ALL SURETYSHIP RIGHTS, BENEFITS, SANCTIONS OR DEFENSES ARISING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY UNDER ANY APPLICABLE LAW. Section 3. The Guarantor hereby represents and warrants to the Collateral Agent that: (a) The Guarantor is [a corporation organized and existing] 1 [a national banking association/trust company, incorporated] 2 [under the laws of Utah] 3 , duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, and has the corporate power and authority necessary to enter into and perform its obligations hereunder and under the Trust Agreements, and has full right, power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations as Guarantor pursuant to the Trust Agreements under each of the Loan Documents to which it is a party. (b) This Guaranty constitutes the valid and binding agreement of Guarantor. The transactions contemplated hereby and the execution, delivery and performance of this Guaranty by Guarantor have (i) been duly authorized by Guarantor and (ii) do not and will not violate the constitutional documents of Guarantor. (c) All authorizations, consents, registrations and notifications required to be obtained by the Guarantor in connection with the entry into, performance, validity and enforceability of this Guaranty and the transactions contemplated by this Guaranty, have been obtained or effected (as appropriate) and are in full force and effect. Section 4. NOTICES. All notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by fax transmission or e-mail transmission as follows, and all notices and other communications expressly permitted hereunder to be given by telephone shall be made to the applicable telephone number, as follows: Guarantor: [___________] [__________] [__________] Attn: [__________] Telephone No.: [__________] Facsimile No.: [__________] Email: [__________] with a copy to: [Willis Lease Finance Corporation] [__________] [__________] Attn: [__________] Telephone No.: [__________] Facsimile No.: [__________] 1 Bank of Utah only 2 Wells Fargo and U.S. Bank 3 Wells Fargo and Bank of Utah only


 
Email: [__________] Collateral Agent: [Bank of America, N.A.] [__________] [__________] Attn: [__________] Telephone No.: [__________] Facsimile No.: [__________] Email: [__________] Section 5. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Venue; Waiver of Jury Trial. (a) GOVERNING LAW. THIS GUARANTY AND ANY CLAIMS, CONTROVERSY, DISPUTE OR CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR TORT OR OTHERWISE) BASED UPON, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY AND THEREBY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. (b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION. EACH OF THE PARTIES IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT COMMENCE ANY ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING OF ANY KIND OR DESCRIPTION, WHETHER IN LAW OR EQUITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR IN TORT OR OTHERWISE, AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, OR ANY RELATED PARTY OF THE FOREGOING IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY OR THE TRANSACTIONS RELATING HERETO OR THERETO, IN ANY FORUM OTHER THAN THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SITTING IN NEW YORK COUNTY AND OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT OF THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS AND AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH NEW YORK STATE COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS GUARANTY OR IN ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE COLLATERAL AGENT MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT AGAINST THE OWNER PARTICIPANT OR THE OWNER TRUSTEE OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION TO COLLECT THE OBLIGATIONS, TO REALIZE ON THE COLLATERAL OR ANY OTHER SECURITY FOR THE OBLIGATIONS, OR TO ENFORCE A JUDGMENT OR OTHER COURT ORDER IN FAVOR OF THE COLLATERAL AGENT. (c) WAIVER OF VENUE. EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN CLAUSE (b) OF THIS SECTION 4. EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT. (d) WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS GUARANTY OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (a) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (b) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS GUARANTY AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 4. Section 6. COUNTERPARTS. This Guaranty may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Guaranty by electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement. Subject to Section 11.18 of the Credit Agreement, this Guaranty may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures (including facsimile and .pdf) and shall be considered an original and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. Section 7. ATTORNEY'S COST. The Guarantor agrees to pay all reasonable attorney's fees and disbursements and all other reasonable and actual costs and out-of-pocket expenses which may be incurred by the Collateral Agent in the enforcement of this Guaranty. Section 8. CURRENCY OF PAYMENT. Any payment to be made by Guarantor shall be made in the same currency as designated for payment in the Credit Agreement and such designation of the currency of payment is of the essence. Section 9. BINDING EFFECT; ASSIGNMENT. The provisions of this Guaranty shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Guarantor and the Collateral Agent and their respective successors and assigns, except that the Guarantor may not assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder. Section 10. TERMINATION OF GUARANTY. This Guaranty shall terminate and be of no further force and effect upon the earliest to occur of the following: (a) payment in full of all Obligations (other than contingent obligations which by their nature cannot be satisfied by payment at such time) and either (i) expiration of the term of the Credit Agreement or (ii) termination of the obligation of any Lender to make any advances to the Borrower pursuant to the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document or (b) transfer of the Beneficial Interest contemplated by the Trust Agreements to the Borrower or any Subsidiary or Affiliate in connection with an ABS Financing. Section 11. TRUST COMPANY. [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][BANK OF UTAH][U.S. BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][Other Guarantor] (the “Trust Company”) is entering into this Guaranty solely in its capacity as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreements, and not in its individual capacity. Accordingly, each of the representations, warranties, undertakings and agreements herein made on the part of the Trust Company, is made and intended not as a personal representation, warranty, undertaking or agreement by or for the purpose or with the intention of binding the Trust Company personally, but is made solely in its capacity as Owner Trustee. This Guaranty is executed and delivered by the Trust Company solely in the exercise of the powers expressly conferred upon it as trustee under the Trust Agreements; and no personal liability or responsibility is assumed hereunder by or shall at any time be enforceable against the Trust Company or any successor in trust on account of any action taken or omitted to be taken or any representation, warranty, undertaking or agreement hereunder of the Trust Company, either expressed or implied, all such personal liability, if any, being expressly waived by the parties hereto, except that the parties hereto, or any Person acting by, through or under them, making a claim hereunder, may look to the Trust Estate (as defined in each Trust Agreement) for satisfaction of the same and the Trust Company or its successor in trust, as applicable, shall be personally liable for its own gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties as Owner Trustee or otherwise. [signature page follows] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Guarantor has caused this Guaranty to be duly executed by its authorized officer, and the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, has caused the same to be accepted by its authorized officer, as of the day and year first above written. GUARANTOR [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [BANK OF UTAH] [U.S. BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION], not in its individual capacity, except as expressly provided herein, but solely as Owner Trustee, as Guarantor By: ___________________ Name: ___________________ Title: ___________________ Acknowledged and accepted: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Collateral Agent By: ___________________ Name: ___________________ Title: ___________________


 
SCHEDULE 1 The Trust Agreements | a l . [insert Trust Agreement description] 2. [insert Trust Agreement description] 3. [insert Trust Agreement description] 4. [insert Trust Agreement description] 5. DULE he rust gree ents 1 ert rust gree ent scription] . ert rust gree ent scription] . ert rust gree ent scription] . ert rust gree ent scription] . SCHEDULE 2 FORM OF OWNER TRUSTEE SUPPLEMENT [Appended. ] DULE F NER ST E ENT ended. FORM OF OWNER TRUSTEE GUARANTY SUPPLEMENT THIS OWNER TRUSTEE GUARANTY SUPPLEMENT dated ___________________, 20___ (the “Guaranty Supplement”) is among [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [BANK OF UTAH][U.S. BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][or other Owner Trustee], not individually, but solely as Owner Trustee (the “Owner Trustee”), under those certain Trust Agreements, and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. (together with its successors and assigns, “Collateral Agent”), in its capacity as Collateral Agent for itself and on behalf of the Secured Parties under the Credit Agreement (as defined below). WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, the Willis Lease Finance Corporation (“the Borrower”), has entered into that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of __________, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the Borrower, the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, the Agent, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as the Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time. All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Credit Agreement; WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent and requirement under the Credit Agreement that the Owner Participant shall have entered into that certain Master Owner Trustee Guaranty dated as of ___________, 2024 in favor of the Collateral Agent, (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, herein called the “Guaranty”); and WHEREAS, the Guaranty provides for the execution and delivery from time to time of Guaranty Supplements thereto, each of which shall describe certain additional Trust Agreements (such term and other defined terms in the Guaranty herein used with the same meanings). NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Owner Trustee and the Collateral hereby agree that the list of Trust Agreements as described in Schedule 1 of the Guaranty shall be supplemented to include the Trust Agreement(s) described on Exhibit A hereto. This Guaranty Supplement shall be construed as supplemental to the Guaranty and shall form a part of the Guaranty and the Guaranty is hereby incorporated by reference herein and is hereby ratified, approved and confirmed. This Guaranty Supplement is being delivered in the state of New York. This Guaranty Supplement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Guaranty Supplement by electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement. Subject to Section 11.18 of the Credit Agreement, this Guaranty Supplement may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures (including facsimile and .pdf) and shall be considered an original and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. It is understood and agreed that the Guarantor is entering into this Guaranty Supplement solely in its capacity as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreement[s] (as defined in Exhibit A hereto), and that it shall not be liable or accountable in its individual capacity in any circumstances whatsoever except for the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Guarantor in its individual capacity and as otherwise expressly provided in the Trust Agreements, but otherwise shall be liable or accountable solely to the extent of the assets of the Trust Estate. [Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]


 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Owner Trustee Guaranty Supplement to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written. BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Collateral Agent By: Name: Title: [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [BANK OF UTAH] [U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION], not individually but solely as Owner Trustee under the Trust Agreements, as Owner Trustee By: Name: Title: Exhibit A to the Owner Guaranty Supplement 1. [insert description of Trust Agreement] 2. [insert an additional Trust Agreement description, if applicable] xhibit e wner uaranty ple ent . ert scripti n f rust gr ement] . ert diti nal rust gree ent scription, li l ] EXHIBIT Ki TO CREDIT AGREEMENT FORM OF TRUST AGREEMENT TRUST AGREEMENT NO. | | dated as of 20 between WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, Owner Participant and [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION][BANK OF UTAH][OTHER OWNER TRUSTEE], Owner Trustee IBIT 1 EDIT EE ENT F UST EE ENT UST EE ENT . [____] ted s f ______ ,2 __ t en I LIS SE CE RPORATION, wner rti i ant d LLS O UST PANY, I NAL CI TI N][ NK F H][ ER NER UST E], wner rust e -1- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] TRUST AGREEMENT NO. _____ THIS TRUST AGREEMENT NO. _____dated as of_________, 20__, (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, the “Trust Agreement”) (with respect to the following aircraft engine: one________ model ________ aircraft engine, bearing manufacturer's serial number__________) between WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (the “Owner Participant”), and [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association under the laws of the United States of America] [BANK OF UTAH, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Utah] [OTHER OWNER TRUSTEE] (in its individual capacity, [“BOU”][“WFB”][“___”] and otherwise not in its individual capacity but solely as trustee hereunder with its permitted successors and assigns the “Owner Trustee”). NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties hereto covenant and agree as follows: ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND TERMS Section 1.01. Certain Definitions. All definitions contained in this Section 1.01 shall be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined. For all purposes of this Trust Agreement the following terms shall have the following meanings: “Beneficial Interest Pledge and Security Agreement” means any agreement pursuant to which the Owner Participant pledges its interest in the Owner Trust to the Secured Party as security for obligations under and in connection with a Credit Agreement. [“Bill of Sale” means the [warranty] bill of sale with respect to the Equipment issued by [_________] in favor of the Owner Trustee.] “Credit Agreement” means any agreement pursuant to which one or more lenders have extended credit to the Owner Participant. “Closing Date” means [_________, 20__]. “Corporate Trust Department” means the office of the Owner Trustee located at [Wells Fargo Trust Company, National Association, 299 South Main Street, 5th Floor, Salt Lake City, UT 84111] [Bank of Utah, 50 South 200 East, Suite 110, Salt Lake City, UT, 84111] [address of Other Owner Trustee]. “Equipment” means [___________]. “Lease Agreement” means any lease agreement upon which the Owner Trustee is the lessor or an assignee of the lessor, with respect to the Equipment, as modified, amended or supplemented from time to time, and in respect of which the Owner Trustee is acting in its capacity as bare legal trustee for the Owner Participant.


 
-2- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] “Mortgage and Security Agreement” any agreement pursuant to which the Owner Trustee pledges its interest in the Trust Estate to Secured Party as security for obligations under and in connection with the Credit Agreement. “Owner Trustee Guaranty” means any guaranty by Owner Trustee of obligations under the Credit Agreement. “Secured Party” means the lender or any agent for any lender or group of lenders under the Credit Agreement. “Trust Estate” means all estate, right, title and interest of the Owner Trustee in and to: (i) the Equipment, (ii) the Lease Agreement [other documents related to the Lease Agreement, such as assignment and/or bill of sale], (iii) all amounts of rent, security deposits, maintenance reserves, use fees, proceeds of sale, lease or other disposition of the Equipment, insurance proceeds (other than liability insurance proceeds payable to or for the benefit of an additional or named insured for its own account), guarantee payments, fees, premiums and requisition payments, indemnity payments, damage, or other payments or proceeds of any kind for or in respect of the Equipment, the Lease Agreement or other document payable to, or received by or for the account of Owner Trustee, excluding any fees, expenses or indemnities of Owner Trustee payable to it in its individual capacity. Unless the context otherwise requires, all capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned thereto in the Credit Agreement. ARTICLE II AUTHORITY TO EXECUTE CERTAIN OPERATIVE DOCUMENTS; DECLARATION OF TRUST Section 2.01. Authority to Execute Documents. The Owner Participant hereby authorizes and directs the Owner Trustee to execute and deliver any agreements, instruments or documents to which the Owner Trustee is a party in the respective forms thereof delivered from time to time by the Owner Participant to the Owner Trustee for execution and delivery. Section 2.02. Declaration of Trust. The Owner Trustee hereby declares that it will hold legal title to the Trust Estate upon the bare trust hereinafter set forth for the absolute use and benefit of the Owner Participant and the Owner Participant shall have the exclusive right to direct how the Trust Estate shall be dealt with pursuant to and subject to the terms of this trust. Section 2.03. Name of Trust. The name of the trust created pursuant to this Trust Agreement shall be “Owner Trust___________”. Section 2.04. Location of Trust. As long as the Owner Participant’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are outstanding, the trust created pursuant to this Trust Agreement shall maintain its principal place of business and chief executive office at the address noted for the Owner Trustee in Section 11.05 hereof. -3- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] ARTICLE III CONVEYANCE OF THE EQUIPMENT Section 3.01. Conveyance of the Equipment. The Owner Participant hereby authorizes and directs the Owner Trustee to, and the Owner Trustee agrees for the benefit of the Owner Participant that it will: (a) [accept delivery from the Owner Participant [or other Person designated by the Owner Participant] of the bill of sale for the Equipment;] (b) execute and deliver the Lease Agreement; (c) execute and deliver the Owner Trustee Guaranty; (d) execute and deliver the Mortgage and Security Agreement; (e) execute and deliver the Beneficial Interest Pledge and Security Agreement; (f) [specify other steps to be taken and documentation entered into connection with the delivery of the Equipment and its lease; and] (g) execute and deliver all such other instruments, documents or certificates and take all such other actions in accordance with the directions of the Owner Participant, as the Owner Participant may deem necessary or advisable in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby or otherwise. ARTICLE IV RECEIPT, DISTRIBUTION AND APPLICATION OF INCOME FROM THE TRUST ESTATE Section 4.01. Distribution of Payments. (a) Payments to Owner Trustee. The Owner Trustee will receive all amounts constituting part of the Trust Estate which are payable to the account of the Owner Trustee under this Trust Agreement, and shall forthwith distribute said amounts: First, to payment to the Owner Trustee for any fees, expenses, costs or liabilities incurred for which the Owner Trustee is entitled to payment, reimbursement or indemnity from the Owner Participant and for which the Owner Trustee has not been paid or reimbursed from any other source; and Second, to payment of the entire balance to the Owner Participant. (b) Multiple Owner Participants. If, as a result of a transfer by an Owner Participant under Section 8.01 of this Trust Agreement, there is more than one Owner Participant hereunder, each such Owner Participant shall hold in proportion to its respective beneficial -4- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] interest in the Trust Estate, an undivided beneficial interest in the entire Trust Estate and is entitled to receive ratably with any other Owner Participant, payments distributable by the Owner Trustee hereunder. No Owner Participant shall have legal title to the Equipment or any other portion of the Trust Estate. Section 4.02. Method of Payments. The Owner Trustee shall make distributions or cause distributions to be made to the Owner Participant pursuant to this Article IV by transferring by wire transfer in immediately available funds on the day received (or on the next succeeding Business Day if the funds to be so distributed shall not have been received by the Owner Trustee by 1:00 p.m., Mountain time), the amount to be distributed to such account or accounts of the Owner Participant as the Owner Participant may designate from time to time in writing to the Owner Trustee; provided, however, that the Owner Trustee shall use reasonable efforts to invest overnight in federal funds all monies received by it at or later than 1:00 p.m., Mountain time. ARTICLE V DUTIES OF THE OWNER TRUSTEE Section 5.01. Action Upon Instructions. Subject to the terms of Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof, upon the written instructions at any time and from time to time of the Owner Participant, the Owner Trustee will take such of the following actions as may be specified in such instructions: (i) give such notice or direction or exercise such right, remedy or power hereunder or under any document to which the Owner Trustee may be a party or in respect of all or any part of the Trust Estate, or take such other action, as shall be specified in such instructions; (ii) take such action to preserve or protect the Trust Estate (including the discharge of Liens) as may be specified in such instructions; (iii) approve as satisfactory to it all matters required by the terms of any document to which the Owner Trustee may be a party or to be satisfactory to the Owner Trustee, it being understood that without written instructions of the Owner Participant, the Owner Trustee shall not approve any such matter as satisfactory to it; (iv) retain, lease or otherwise dispose of, or from time to time take such other action with respect to, the Equipment on such terms as shall be designated in such instructions; and (v) take or refrain from taking such other action or actions as may be specified in such instructions. Section 5.02. Indemnification. The Owner Trustee shall not be required to take any action under Section 5.01 hereof if the Owner Trustee shall reasonably believe such action is not adequately indemnified by the Owner Participant under Section 7.01 hereof, unless the Owner Participant agrees to furnish such additional indemnity as shall reasonably be required, in manner and form reasonably satisfactory to the Owner Trustee and to pay the reasonable compensation of the Owner Trustee for the services performed or to be performed by it pursuant to such direction and any reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel or agents employed by the Owner Trustee in connection therewith. The Owner Trustee shall not be required to take any action under Section 5.01 hereof if the Owner Trustee shall reasonably determine, or shall have been advised by counsel, in its reasonable opinion, that such action is contrary to the terms of any document to which the Owner Trustee may be a party or to applicable law. -5- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] Section 5.03. No Duties Except as Specified in Trust Agreement or Instructions. The Owner Trustee shall not have any duty or obligation to manage, control, use, sell, dispose of or otherwise deal with the Equipment or any other part of the Trust Estate, except as expressly provided by the terms hereof or in a written instruction from the Owner Participant received pursuant to the terms of Section 5.01, and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Trust Agreement against the Owner Trustee. [BOU] [WFB] [___] agrees that it will, in its individual capacity and at its own cost or expense (but without any right of indemnity in respect of any such cost or expense under Section 7.01 hereof), promptly take such action as may be necessary to duly discharge and satisfy in full all Liens on all or any part of the Trust Estate attributable to it in its individual capacity. Section 5.04. No Action Except Under Specified Documents or Instruction. The Owner Trustee agrees that it will not manage, control, use, sell, dispose of or otherwise deal with the Equipment or any other part of the Trust Estate except (i) as expressly required by the terms of any document to which the Owner Trustee may be a party, (ii) as expressly provided by the terms hereof, or (iii) as expressly provided in written instructions from the Owner Participant pursuant to Section 5.01 hereof. ARTICLE VI THE OWNER TRUSTEE Section 6.01. Acceptance of Trusts and Duties. [BOU] [WFB] [___] accepts the trusts hereby created and agrees to perform the same but only upon the terms hereof applicable to it. The Owner Trustee also agrees to receive and disburse all monies received by it constituting part of the Trust Estate upon the terms hereof. [BOU] [WFB] [___] shall not be answerable or accountable under any circumstances, except (a) for its own willful misconduct or gross negligence, (b) its failure (in its individual capacity) to perform its obligations under the last sentence of Section 5.03 hereof, (c)for its or the Owner Trustee's failure to use ordinary care to disburse funds or to comply with the first sentence of Section 6.08 hereof and (d) for liabilities that may result from the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of it in its individual capacity (or from the failure by it in its individual capacity to perform any covenant) in Section 6.03 hereof. Section 6.02. Absence of Certain Duties. Except in accordance with written instructions furnished pursuant to Section 5.01 hereof and except as provided in, and without limiting the generality of, Sections 3.01 and 5.03 hereof and the last sentence of Section 9.01(b) hereof, neither the Owner Trustee nor [BOU] [WFB] [___] shall have any duty (i) to see to any recording or filing of any document or of any supplement to any thereof or to see to the maintenance of any such recording or filing or any other filing of reports with the Federal Aviation Administration or other governmental agencies, except that [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity agrees to comply with the Federal Aviation Administration reporting requirements set forth in 14 C.F.R. § 47.45 and 14 C.F.R. § 47.51, and the Owner Trustee shall complete and timely submit (and furnish the Owner Participant with a copy of) any and all reports relating to the Equipment which may from time to time be required by the Federal Aviation Administration or any government or governmental authority having jurisdiction, (ii) to see to any insurance on the Equipment or to effect or maintain any such insurance, or (iii) to see


 
-6- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] to the payment or discharge of any tax, assessment or other governmental charge or any lien or encumbrance of any kind owing with respect to, assessed or levied against any part of the Trust Estate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Owner Trustee will furnish to the Owner Participant, promptly upon receipt thereof, duplicates or copies of all reports, notices, requests, demands, tax bills, invoices, certificates and financial statements received under or in connection with the Trust Estate, except to the extent to which a responsible officer of the Owner Trustee reasonably believes (and confirms by telephone call with the Owner Participant) that duplicates or copies thereof have already been furnished to the Owner Participant by some other person. Section 6.03. No Representations or Warranties as to Certain Matters. NEITHER THE OWNER TRUSTEE NOR [BOU] [WFB] [___] MAKES OR SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE MADE (a) ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE TITLE, AIRWORTHINESS, VALUE, CONDITION, DESIGN, OPERATION, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR USE FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THE EQUIPMENT OR ANY PART THEREOF, AS TO THE ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE, OR ANY OTHER REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE EQUIPMENT OR ANY PART THEREOF WHATSOEVER, except that [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity warrants that on the Closing Date the Owner Trustee shall have received whatever title was conveyed to it by [________] and that the Equipment shall during the term of this Trust Agreement be free of Liens attributable to [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity, or (b) any representation or warranty as to the validity, legality or enforceability of this Trust Agreement, or any other document or instrument, or as to the correctness of any statement contained in any thereof except to the extent that any such statement is expressly made herein or therein by such party as a representation by the Owner Trustee or by [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity, as the case may be, and except that [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity hereby represents and warrants that this Trust Agreement has been, and (assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the Owner Participant of this Trust Agreement) the other Loan Documents to be entered into by the Owner Trustee have been duly executed and delivered by one of its officers who is duly authorized to execute and deliver such instruments on behalf of itself or the Owner Trustee, as the case may be, and that the Trust Agreement, and such other Loan Documents constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of [BOU] [WFB] [___] or the Owner Trustee, as the case may be, enforceable against [BOU] [WFB] [___] or the Owner Trustee, as the case may be, in accordance with their respective terms. Section 6.04. No Segregation of Monies; Interest. Monies received by the Owner Trustee hereunder need not be segregated in any manner except to the extent provided by law, and shall be invested as provided in Section 4.02 hereof. Section 6.05. Reliance Upon Certificates, Counsel and Agents. The Owner Trustee shall incur no liability to anyone in acting in good faith in reliance upon and in accordance with any signature, instrument, notice, resolution, request, consent, order, certificate, report, opinion, bond or other document or paper reasonably believed by it to be genuine and reasonably believed by it to be signed by the proper party or parties. Unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein, any request, direction, order or demand of the Owner Participant mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by written instruments signed by a person purporting to be the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President or any other -7- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] officer and in the name of the Owner Participant. In the administration of trusts hereunder, the Owner Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereof and perform its powers and duties hereunder directly or through agents or attorneys and may, at the expense of the Trust Estate, consult with counsel, accountants and other skilled persons to be selected and employed by it. The Owner Trustee shall not be liable for anything done, suffered or omitted in good faith by it in accordance with the advice or opinion of any such counsel, accountants or other skilled persons and the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for the negligence of any such counsel, accountant or other skilled person appointed by it with due care hereunder. Section 6.06. Not Acting in Individual Capacity. In acting hereunder, the Owner Trustee acts solely as trustee and not in its individual capacity except as otherwise expressly provided herein; and, except as may be otherwise expressly provided in this Trust Agreement, all persons having any claim against the Owner Trustee by reason of the transactions contemplated hereby shall look only to the Trust Estate for payment or satisfaction thereof except to the extent the Owner Trustee shall expressly agree otherwise in writing. Section 6.07. Fees; Compensation. The Owner Trustee shall be entitled to receive compensation on the terms heretofore agreed upon between Owner Trustee and Owner Participant, together with reimbursement within thirty (30) days of its request for all reasonable expenses incurred or made by it in accordance with any of the provisions of this Trust Agreement (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses of its counsel, accountants or other skilled persons and of all other persons not regularly in its employ). The Owner Participant shall be required to pay the fees of the Owner Trustee comprising the compensation and reimbursement of expenses to which the Owner Trustee is entitled under this Section 6.07, provided that the Owner Trustee shall have a lien upon the Trust Estate for any such fee not paid by the Owner Participant as contemplated by this Section 6.07, and such lien shall entitle the Owner Trustee to priority as to payment thereof over payment to any other person under this Trust Agreement. Section 6.08. Tax Returns. The Owner Trustee shall be responsible for the keeping of all appropriate books and records relating to the receipt and disbursement of all monies under this Trust Agreement or any agreement contemplated hereby. The Owner Participant shall be responsible for causing to be prepared and filed all income tax returns required to be filed by the Owner Participant. The Owner Trustee shall be responsible for causing to be prepared, at the request and expense of the Owner Participant, all income tax returns required to be filed with respect to the trust created hereby and shall execute and file such returns. Owner Participant, upon request, will furnish the Owner Trustee with all such information as may be reasonably required from the Owner Participant in connection with the preparation of such income tax returns. ARTICLE VII INDEMNIFICATION OF [BOU] [WFB] [___] BY OWNER PARTICIPANT Section 7.01. Owner Participant to Indemnify [BOU] [WFB] [___]. The Owner Participant hereby agrees to assume liability for, and hereby indemnifies, protects, saves and keeps harmless [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity and its successors, assigns, legal -8- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] representatives, agents and servants, from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, taxes (excluding any taxes payable by [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity on or measured by any compensation received by [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity for its services hereunder), claims, actions, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements (including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees and expenses, and including without limitation any liability of an owner, any strict liability and any liability without fault) of any kind and nature whatsoever which may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity in any way relating to or arising out of this Trust Agreement or in any way relating to or arising out of the manufacture, purchase, acceptance, nonacceptance, rejection, ownership, delivery, lease, possession, use, operation, condition, sale, return or other disposition of the Equipment or any part thereof (including, without limitation, latent and other defects, whether or not discoverable, and any claim for patent, trademark or copyright infringement), or in any way relating to or arising out of the administration of the Trust Estate or the action or inaction of the Owner Trustee or [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity hereunder, except (a) in the case of willful misconduct or gross negligence on the part of the Owner Trustee or [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity in the performance or nonperformance of its duties hereunder or under any other document to which the Owner Trustee may be a party or (b) those resulting from the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity (or from the failure of [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity to perform any of its covenants) in Section 6.03 hereof or in any other document to which the Owner Trustee may be a party or (c) as may result from a breach by [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity of its covenant in the last sentence of Section 5.03 hereof or (d) in the case of the failure to use ordinary care on the part of the Owner Trustee or [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity in the disbursement of funds or in compliance with the provisions of the first sentence of Section 6.08 hereof. The indemnities contained in this Section 7.01 extend to [BOU] [WFB] [___] only in its individual capacity and shall not be construed as indemnities of the Trust Estate (except to the extent, if any, that [BOU] [WFB] [___] in its individual capacity has been reimbursed by the Trust Estate for amounts covered by the indemnities contained in this; Section 7.01). The indemnities contained in this Section 7.01 shall survive the termination of this Trust Agreement. ARTICLE VIII TRANSFER OF THE OWNER PARTICIPANT'S INTEREST Section 8.01. Transfer of Interests. If there is more than one Owner Participant, no assignment, conveyance or other transfer by an Owner Participant of any of its right, title or interest in and to this Trust Agreement or the Trust Estate shall be valid unless each other Owner Participant's prior written consent (which consent may be withheld in the sole discretion of such other Owner Participants) is given to such assignment, conveyance or other transfer. Section 8.02. Actions of the Owner Participants. If at any time prior to the termination of this Trust Agreement there is more than one Owner Participant, then, subject to Section 11.05 hereof, during such time, if any action is required to be taken by all Owner Participants and whenever any direction, authorization, approval, consent, instruction, or other action is permitted to be given or taken by the Owner Participant, such direction, authorization, approval, consent, instruction, or other action shall be given or taken only upon unanimous agreement of all Owner -9- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] Participants; provided, however, that the termination of this Trust Agreement pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 hereof may be effected upon the election of any Owner Participant. ARTICLE IX SUCCESSOR OWNER TRUSTEES; CO-TRUSTEES Section 9.01. Resignation of Owner Trustee; Appointment of Successor. (a) Resignation or Removal. The Owner Trustee or any successor Owner Trustee may resign at any time without cause by giving at least 60 days' prior written notice to the Owner Participant, such resignation to be effective upon the acceptance of appointment by the successor Owner Trustee under Section 9.01(b) hereof. In addition, the Owner Participant may at any time remove the Owner Trustee with or without cause by a notice in writing delivered to the Owner Trustee, such removal to be effective upon the acceptance of appointment by the successor Owner Trustee under Section 9.01(b) hereof. In the case of the resignation or removal of the Owner Trustee, the Owner Participant may appoint a successor Owner Trustee by an instrument signed by the Owner Participant. If a successor Owner Trustee shall not have been appointed within 30 days after such notice of resignation or removal, the Owner Trustee may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction to appoint a successor Owner Trustee to act until such time, if any, as a successor shall have been appointed as above provided. Any successor Owner Trustee so appointed by such court shall immediately and without further act be superseded by any successor Owner Trustee appointed as above provided. (b) Execution and Delivery of Documents, etc. Any successor Owner Trustee, however appointed, shall execute and deliver to the predecessor Owner Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon such successor Owner Trustee, without further act, shall become vested with all the estates, properties, rights, powers, duties and trusts of the predecessor Owner Trustee in the trusts hereunder with like effect as if originally named the Owner Trustee herein; but nevertheless, upon the written request of such successor Owner Trustee, such predecessor Owner Trustee shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Owner Trustee, upon the trusts herein expressed, all the estates, properties, rights, powers and trusts of such predecessor Owner Trustee, and such predecessor Owner Trustee shall duly assign, transfer, deliver and pay over to such successor Owner Trustee all monies or other property then held by such predecessor Owner Trustee upon the trusts herein expressed. Upon the appointment of any successor Owner Trustee hereunder, the predecessor Owner Trustee will execute such documents as are provided to it by such successor Owner Trustee and will take such further actions as are requested of it by such successor Owner Trustee as are reasonably requested. (c) Qualifications. Any successor Owner Trustee, however appointed, shall be a “citizen of the United States” within the meaning of 49 U.S.C. § 40102(a)(15) and shall also be a bank or trust company organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000, if there be such an institution willing, able and legally qualified to perform the duties of the Owner Trustee hereunder upon reasonable or customary terms. No such successor trustee shall charge fees for its services as an Owner Trustee in excess of the then prevailing market rates for such services.


 
-10- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] (d) Merger, etc. Any corporation into which [BOU] [WFB] [___] may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which [BOU] [WFB] [___] shall be a party, or any corporation to which substantially all the corporate trust business of [BOU] [WFB] [___] may be transferred, shall, subject to the terms of Section 9.01(c) hereof, be the Owner Trustee hereunder without further act. Section 9.02. Co-Trustees and Separate Trustees. If at any time it shall be necessary or prudent in order to conform to any law of any jurisdiction in which all or any part of the Trust Estate is located, or the Owner Trustee being advised by counsel shall determine that it is so necessary or prudent in the interest of the Owner Participant or the Owner Trustee, or the Owner Trustee shall have been directed to do so by the Owner Participant, the Owner Trustee and the Owner Participant shall execute and deliver an agreement supplemental hereto and all other instruments and agreements necessary or proper to constitute another bank or trust company or one or more persons (any and all of which shall be a “citizen of the United States” as defined in 49 U.S.C. § 40102(a)(15)) approved by the Owner Trustee and the Owner Participant, either to act as co-trustee, jointly with the Owner Trustee, or to act as separate trustee hereunder (any such co-trustee or separate trustee being herein sometimes referred to as an “additional trustee”). In the event the Owner Participant shall not have joined in the execution of such agreements supplemental hereto within ten days after the receipt of a written request from the Owner Trustee so to do, or in case an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the Owner Trustee may act under the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.02 without the concurrence of the Owner Participant; and the Owner Participant hereby appoints the Owner Trustee its agent and attorney- in-fact to act for it under the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.02 in either of such contingencies. Every additional trustee hereunder shall, to the extent permitted by law, be appointed and act, and the Owner Trustee and its successors shall act, subject to the following provisions and conditions: (a) All powers, duties, obligations and rights conferred upon the Owner Trustee in respect of the custody, control and management of monies, the Equipment or documents authorized to be delivered hereunder shall be exercised solely by the Owner Trustee; (b) All other rights, powers, duties and obligations conferred or imposed upon the Owner Trustee shall be conferred or imposed upon and exercised or performed by the Owner Trustee and such additional trustee jointly, except to the extent that under any law of any jurisdiction in which any particular act or acts are to be performed (including the holding of title to the Trust Estate) the Owner Trustee shall be incompetent or unqualified to perform such act or acts, in which event such rights, powers, duties and obligations shall be exercised and performed by such additional trustee; (c) No power given to any such additional trustee shall be exercised hereunder by such additional trustee, except jointly with, or with the consent in writing of, the Owner Trustee; -11- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] (d) No trustee hereunder shall be personally liable by reason of any action or omission of any other trustee hereunder; and (e) The Owner Trustee and Owner Participant may remove any such additional trustee, at any time, by an instrument in writing signed by both parties; provided, in the event that the Owner Participant shall not have joined in the execution of any such instrument within ten days after the receipt of a written request from the Owner Trustee so to do, the Owner Trustee shall have the power to remove any such additional trustee without the concurrence of the Owner Participant, and the Owner Participant hereby appoints the Owner Trustee its agent and attorney-in-fact in connection therewith. ARTICLE X SUPPLEMENTS AND AMENDMENTS TO TRUST AGREEMENT AND OTHER DOCUMENTS Section 10.01. Supplements and Amendments. This Trust Agreement may not be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except by an instrument in writing signed by the Owner Trustee and the Owner Participant. Subject to Section 10.02 hereof, the Owner Trustee will execute any amendment, supplement or other modification of this Trust Agreement or of any other document to which the Owner Trustee may be a party which it is requested to execute by the Owner Participant. Section 10.02. Discretion as to Execution of Documents. Prior to executing any document required to be executed by it pursuant to the terms of Section 10.01 hereof, the Owner Trustee shall be entitled to receive an opinion of its counsel to the effect that the execution of such document is authorized hereunder. If in the opinion of the Owner Trustee any such document adversely affects any right, duty, immunity or indemnity in favor of the Owner Trustee hereunder or under any other document to which the Owner Trustee is a party, the Owner Trustee may in its discretion decline to execute such document. Section 10.03. Absence of Requirements as to Form. It shall not be necessary for any written request furnished pursuant to Section 10.01 hereof to specify the particular form of the proposed documents to be executed pursuant to such section, but it shall be sufficient if such request shall indicate the substance thereof. Section 10.04. Distribution of Documents. Promptly after the execution by the Owner Trustee of any document entered into pursuant to Section 10.01 hereof, the Owner Trustee shall mail, by certified mail, postage prepaid, a conformed copy thereof to the Owner Participant, but the failure of the Owner Trustee to mail such conformed copy shall not impair or affect the validity of such document. ARTICLE XI MISCELLANEOUS Section 11.01. Termination of Trust Agreement. This Trust Agreement and the trusts created hereby shall be of no further force or effect upon the earlier of (a) the sale or other final -12- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] disposition by the Owner Trustee of all property constituting part of the Trust Estate and the final distribution by the Owner Trustee of all monies or other property or proceeds constituting part of the Trust Estate in accordance with Article IV hereof or (b) twenty-one years less one day after the death of the last survivor of all of the descendants of the grandparents of David C. Rockefeller living on the date of the earliest execution of this Trust Agreement by any party hereto, but if this Trust Agreement and the trusts created hereby shall be or become authorized under applicable law to be valid for a period commencing on the 21st anniversary of the death of such last survivor (or, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, if legislation shall become effective providing for the validity of this Trust Agreement and the trusts created hereby for a period in gross exceeding the period for which this Trust Agreement and the trusts created hereby are hereinabove stated to extend and be valid), then this Trust Agreement and the trusts created hereby shall not terminate under this subsection (b) but shall extend to and continue in effect, but only if such non-termination and extension shall then be valid under applicable law, until the day preceding such date as the same shall, under applicable law, cease to be valid; otherwise this Trust Agreement and the trusts created hereby shall continue in full force and effect in accordance with the term hereof. Section 11.02. Owner Participant Has No Legal Title in Trust Estate. No Owner Participant shall have legal title to any part of the Trust Estate. No transfer, by operation of law or otherwise, of any right, title and interest of the Owner Participant in and to the Trust Estate hereunder shall of itself operate to terminate this Trust Agreement or the trusts hereunder or entitle any successors or transferees of the Owner Participant to an accounting or to the transfer of legal title to any part of the Trust Estate. Nothing in this Section 11.02 shall, however, prevent the trust declared in Section 2.02. from being a bare trust, and any Owner Participant shall be entitled to terminate this Trust Agreement at its election. Section 11.03. Assignment, Sale, etc. of Equipment. Any assignment, sale, transfer or other conveyance of the Equipment or any part thereof by the Owner Trustee made pursuant to the terms hereof shall bind the Owner Participant and shall be effective to transfer or convey all right, title and interest of the Owner Trustee and the Owner Participant in and to the Equipment so assigned, sold, transferred or conveyed. No purchaser or other grantee shall be required to inquire as to the authorization, necessity, expediency or regularity of such assignment, sale, transfer or conveyance or as to the application of any sale or other proceeds with respect thereto by the Owner Trustee. Section 11.04. Trust Agreement for Benefit of Certain Parties Only. Except for the terms of Article VIII hereof and except as otherwise provided in Article IX and Sections 2.02, 6.07, 10.01 and 11.01 hereof, nothing herein, whether expressed or implied, shall be construed to give any person other than the Owner Trustee and the Owner Participant any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Trust Agreement; but this Trust Agreement shall be held to be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Owner Trustee and the Owner Participant. Section 11.05. Notices. All notices, demands, instructions and other communications required or permitted to be given to or made upon any party hereto shall be in writing and shall be personally delivered or sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, or by facsimile, or by prepaid courier service, and shall be deemed to be given for purposes of this Agreement on the day that such writing is delivered or, if sent by registered or certified mail, three Business -13- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] Days after being deposited in the mails addressed to the intended recipient thereof in accordance with the provisions of this Section 11.05. Unless otherwise specified in a notice sent or delivered in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 11.05, notices, demands, instructions and other communications in writing shall be given to or made upon the respective parties hereto at their respective addresses (or to their respective facsimile numbers) as follows: (A) if to Owner Trustee, to: [Bank of Utah, 50 South 200 East, Suite 110, Salt Lake City, Utah 84111, telecopier: (801) 746-3519, email: corptrust@bankofutah.com, attention: Corporate Trust] [Wells Fargo Trust Company, National Association, 299 South Main Street, 5th Floor, Salt Lake City, Utah 84111, telecopier: (801) 246-7142, attention: Corporate Trust Lease Group] [Other Owner Trustee, notice address, email, and telecopier], (B) if to the Original Owner Participant to: Willis Lease Finance Corporation, 60 East Sir Francis Drake Blvd., Suite 209, Larkspur, CA 94939, telecopier: (415) 408-4701, Attention: General Counsel or (C) if to a Subsequent Owner Participant, addressed to such Subsequent Owner Participant at such address as such Subsequent Owner Participant shall have furnished by notice to the parties hereto. Section 11.06. Severability. Subject to Sections 11.06 and 11.12 hereof, any provision hereof which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. Section 11.07. Waivers, etc. No term or provision hereof may be changed, waived, discharged or terminated orally, but only by an instrument in writing entered into in compliance with the terms of Article X hereof; and any waiver of the terms hereof shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose given. Section 11.08. Counterparts. This Trust Agreement may be executed by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. Section 11.09. Binding Effect, etc. All covenants and agreements contained herein shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the Owner Trustee and its successors and assigns, and the Owner Participant, its successors and, to the extent permitted by Article VIII hereof, its assigns. Any request, notice, direction, consent, waiver or other instrument or action by an Owner Participant shall bind its successors and assigns. Section 11.10. Headings; References. The headings of the various Articles and Sections herein are for convenience of reference only and shall not define or limit any of the terms or provisions hereof. Section 11.11. Governing Law. IN ALL RESPECTS, INCLUDING ALL MATTERS OF CONSTRUCTION, VALIDITY AND PERFORMANCE, THIS TRUST AGREEMENT AND THE OBLIGATIONS ARISING HEREUNDER SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND ENFORCED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF UTAH APPLICABLE TO CONTRACTS MADE AND PERFORMED IN SUCH STATE, WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES THEREOF REGARDING CONFLICTS OF LAWS, AND ANY APPLICABLE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.


 
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank; signatures on following pages] -14- TRUST AGREEMENT NO.[__] - ST EE ENT . _ _] ainder f ge n t a ly l ft l k; atures ing ges] S-1 TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [____] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Trust Agreement to be duly executed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized as of the day and year first above written. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION By: Name: Title: [BANK OF UTAH] [WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION] [OTHER OWNER TRUSTEE] By: Name: Title: EXHIBIT K2 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT FORM OF TRUST AGREEMENT TRUST AGREEMENT NO. | | dated as of 20 between WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, Owner Participant and U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, Owner Trustee -1- IBIT 2 EDIT EE ENT F UST EE ENT UST EE ENT . [____] ted s f ______ ,2 __ t en I LIS SE CE RPORATION, wner rti i ant d .S. K I NAL CIATION, wner rust e -1- TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [ESN] THIS TRUST AGREEMENT NO. [ESN] dated as of [Date] (as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, the “Trust Agreement”) (with respect to the following aircraft engine: one _______ model ________ aircraft engine, bearing manufacturer’s serial number ________) between WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION (“Willis”), a Delaware corporation (the “Beneficiary”), and U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association (in its individual capacity, “U.S. Bank” and otherwise not in its individual capacity but solely as trustee hereunder with its permitted successors and assigns, the “Trustee” or “Owner Trustee”). ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND TERMS Section 1.1 Certain Definitions. For all purposes of this Trust Agreement the following terms shall have the following meaning, such meaning shall be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms. “Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, such Person or is a director or officer of such Person; “control” of a Person means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting stock, by contract or otherwise. “Beneficiary” means Willis or, in the event of the execution and delivery of a Trust Supplement pursuant to Section 8.2 of this Trust Agreement, the entity named as Successor Beneficiary in such Trust Supplement (the “Successor Beneficiary”), together with their respective permitted successors or assigns. “Business Day” means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or other day on which banks in the State of California, New York or the state in which the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee is located are authorized or required to close. “Credit Documents” has the meaning given to such term in the Credit Schedule, if any, attached as Schedule 1 hereto. “Corporate Trust Office” means U.S. Bank National Association, Global Corporate Trust Services, 190 S. LaSalle Street, 7th Floor, Chicago, Illinois, 60603, the office in which the Trustee administers the transactions contemplated by this Trust Agreement. “Engine” means one [make] model [model] aircraft engine bearing manufacturer’s serial number [ESN], including any and all parts which are either incorporated or installed in or attached to the Engine.


 
-2- “Lease” or “Lease Agreement” means any lease between Trustee and any lessee in force with respect to the Engine and any future lease of the Engine. “Permitted Investments” means (i) an interest-bearing money market deposit account which account may be with U.S. Bank National Association, or (ii) investment in shares of the First American Funds money market funds. “Responsible Officer” means the officer within the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee with responsibility for administration of the transactions contemplated by this Trust Agreement. “Trustee Agreements” means this Trust Agreement, the Credit Documents, if any, and any and all documents deemed necessary in connection with the execution of the Credit Documents, if any. “Trust Estate” means all estate, right, title and interest of Trustee in and to: (i) the Engine, (ii) in the event that the Engine is subject to a Lease, such Lease, and any other documents related to such Lease, (iii) (a) all rent, security deposits, maintenance reserves, use fees, proceeds of sale, lease or other disposition of the Engine, insurance proceeds (other than liability insurance proceeds payable to or for the benefit of an additional or named insured for its own account), guaranty payments, fees, premiums and requisition payments, indemnity payments owing to the Trustee, damage, or other payments or proceeds of any kind for or in respect of the Engine, the Lease, if any, or other documents related thereto, payable to, or received by or for the account of Trustee, excluding any fees, expenses or indemnities of Trustee payable to it in its individual capacity, and (b) all right, title and interest of Beneficiary in and to any agreement with (1) the manufacturer of such Engine, (2) each predecessor owner (other than the manufacturer) of such Engine and each immediately succeeding owner up to and including Beneficiary, and (3) each predecessor lessor of the related Lease, if any, and each immediately succeeding lessor up to and including Beneficiary, and (iv) all payments, proceeds and income of the foregoing or related thereto. Unless the context otherwise requires, all capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned thereto in the Credit Agreement. “Willis” means Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation. Section 1.2 Credit Schedule. The definitions set forth in the Credit Schedule attached hereto as Schedule 1 shall be applicable only if the Engine is subject to a secured financing; if the Engine is not subject to a secured financing, the definitions in the Credit Schedule shall not be applicable and references to the Credit Documents shall be disregarded. -3- ARTICLE II AUTHORITY TO EXECUTE CERTAIN OPERATIVE DOCUMENTS; DECLARATION OF TRUST Section 2.1 Declaration of Trust; Name of Trust. Beneficiary transfers legal title to the Trust Estate to Trustee to hold in trust under the terms of this Trust Agreement. Trustee hereby declares that it will hold legal title to the Trust Estate upon the bare trust hereinafter set forth for the absolute use and benefit of Beneficiary, and the Beneficiary shall have the exclusive right to direct how the Trust Estate shall be dealt with pursuant to and subject to the terms of this Trust Agreement. The name of the trust hereinafter set forth shall be “Owner Trust [ESN]”. ARTICLE III AUTHORITY TO EXECUTE DOCUMENTS Section 3.1 Authority to Execute Documents. The Beneficiary hereby authorizes and directs the Owner Trustee to, and the Owner Trustee hereby agrees for the benefit of the Beneficiary that it will: (a) execute and deliver [accept delivery from the Beneficiary [or other Person designated by the Beneficiary] of the Bill of Sale;] (b) execute and deliver the Lease Agreement; (c) execute and deliver the Owner Trustee Guaranty; (d) execute and deliver the Mortgage and Security Agreement; (e) execute and deliver the Beneficial Interest Pledge and Security Agreement; (f) [specify other steps to be taken and documentation entered into connection with the delivery of the Engine and the Lease, if any; and] (g) execute and deliver all such other agreements, instruments, documents or certificates and take all such other actions in accordance with the directions of Beneficiary, as Beneficiary may deem necessary or advisable in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby or otherwise. -4- ARTICLE IV RECEIPT, DISTRIBUTION AND APPLICATION OF INCOME FROM THE TRUST ESTATE Section 4.1 Distribution of Payments. Trustee agrees to receive and disburse all monies received by it constituting part of the Trust Estate and shall forthwith distribute said amounts, first, to payment to Trustee for any fees, expenses, costs or liabilities incurred for which Trustee is entitled to payment, reimbursement or indemnity from Beneficiary and for which Trustee has not been paid or reimbursed from any other source, and second, to payment of the entire balance to Beneficiary or its designee pursuant to written instructions of Beneficiary. Section 4.2 Method of Payments. Multiple Beneficiaries. If, as a result of a transfer by a Beneficiary under Section 8.1 of this Trust Agreement, there is more than one Beneficiary hereunder, each such Beneficiary shall hold in proportion to its respective beneficial interest in the Trust Estate, an undivided beneficial interest in the entire Trust Estate and is entitled to receive ratably with any other Beneficiary, payments distributable by the Owner Trustee hereunder. No Beneficiary shall have legal title to the Equipment or any other portion of the Trust Estate. Trustee shall make distributions or cause distributions to be made to Beneficiary pursuant to this Article IV by wire transfer in immediately available funds on the day received (or on the next succeeding Business Day if immediately available funds to be so distributed shall not have been received by Trustee by 1:00 p.m., New York, New York time), the amount to be distributed to such account or accounts of Beneficiary as Beneficiary may designate from time to time in writing to Trustee; provided, however, that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts to invest overnight in Permitted Investments as directed in writing by the Beneficiary (which may be in the form of standing instructions to be effective pending receipt of subsequent written investment instructions) all monies received by it at or later than 1:00 p.m., Eastern time, subject to such investments being available at the time of day funds are received, but in any event no investment shall be required if such funds are received later than 4 p.m. Eastern time. ARTICLE V DUTIES OF THE TRUSTEE Section 5.1 Action Upon Instructions. Subject to the terms of Sections 5.2, 5.3 and 5.5, upon the written instructions at any time and from time to time of Beneficiary, Trustee will take such of the following actions as may be specified in such instructions: (i) give such notice or direction or exercise such right, remedy or power hereunder or any of the Trustee Agreements or in respect of all or any part of the Trust Estate, or take such other action, as shall be specified in such instructions (including entering into such agreements and instruments as shall be necessary under Article X); (ii) take such action to preserve or protect the Trust Estate (including the discharge of Liens) as may be specified in -5- such instructions; (iii) approve as satisfactory to it all matters required by the terms of any of the Trustee Agreements to be satisfactory to Trustee, it being understood that without written instructions of Beneficiary, Trustee shall not approve any such matter as satisfactory to it; (iv) convey any or all of Trustee’s right, title and interest in and to the Engine for such amount, on such terms and to such purchaser or purchasers as shall be designated in such instructions, or retain, lease or otherwise dispose of, or from time to time take such other action with respect to, the Engine on such terms as shall be designated in such instructions; and (v) take or refrain from taking such other action or actions as may be specified in such instructions. Section 5.2 Indemnification. Trustee shall not be required to take any action under Section 5.1 hereof if Trustee shall reasonably believe such action is not adequately indemnified by Beneficiary under Section 7.1 hereof, unless Beneficiary agrees to furnish such additional indemnity as shall reasonably be required, in manner and form reasonably satisfactory to Trustee and to pay the reasonable compensation of Trustee for the services performed or to be performed by it pursuant to such direction and any reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel, accountants, experts or agents engaged by Trustee in connection therewith. Trustee shall not be required to take any action under Section 5.1 hereof if Trustee shall reasonably determine, or shall have been advised by counsel, in its reasonable opinion, that such action is contrary to the terms of any document to which Trustee may be a party, to applicable law, or will result in personal liability to the Trustee. If Trustee chooses to not take any action, as provided under this section, Trustee shall promptly notify the Beneficiary of this decision and its reasons therefor. The Trustee shall not be required to risk or expend its own funds in the performance of its duties under this Trust Agreement or the other Trustee Agreements. Section 5.3 No Duties Except as Specified in Trust Agreement or Instructions. Trustee shall not have any duty or obligation to manage, control, use, sell, dispose of or otherwise deal with the Engine or any other part of the Trust Estate, or to confirm the performance by any lessee under a Lease of such lessee’s obligations, or see to the recording, filing or registration of any such Lease or the perfection of any security interests granted to, or by Trustee or such Lease, except as expressly provided by the terms hereof or in a written instruction from Beneficiary received pursuant to the terms of Section 5.1, and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Trust Agreement against Trustee. Section 5.4 No Action Except Under Specified Documents or Instruction. (a) Trustee shall have no power, right or authority to, and agrees that it will not, manage, control, use, sell, dispose of or otherwise deal with the Engine or any other part of the Trust Estate except (i) as expressly required by the terms of any of the Trustee Agreements, (ii) as expressly provided by the terms hereof, or (iii) as expressly provided in written instructions from Beneficiary pursuant to Sections 5.1 or 5.5. (b) Trustee shall take, or shall permit Beneficiary to take, any and all actions necessary with respect to the Engine and the Lease in order to comply with Trustee’s obligations under the Trustee Agreements. Trustee shall execute and deliver to Beneficiary any and all


 
-6- documents, certificates, forms or other instruments, including without limitation, powers of attorney, deemed necessary or incidental to the accomplishment of the foregoing obligations. Section 5.5 Notice of Event of Default. (a) If Trustee shall have knowledge of an event of default or other event that gives rise to the right to exercise remedies under a Lease (a “Lease Event of Default”), or if Trustee shall have knowledge of an event which, with the giving of notice, lapse of time or making of a determination could become a Lease Event of Default (a “Lease Default”) Trustee shall give to Beneficiary and the Secured Party prompt written notice thereof by facsimile, electronic mail or overnight delivery. (b) Subject to the terms of Section 5.2, Trustee shall take such action or shall refrain from taking such action, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Trustee Agreements, with respect to such Lease Default or Lease Event of Default, as Trustee shall be directed in writing by Beneficiary. For all purposes of this Trust Agreement and the Trustee Agreements, in the absence of actual knowledge of a Responsible Officer in the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of a Lease Default or Lease Event of Default unless notified in writing by the Beneficiary or the Secured Party. ARTICLE VI THE TRUSTEE Section 6.1 Acceptance of Trusts and Duties. U.S. Bank accepts the trust hereby created and agrees to perform the associated duties but only upon the terms hereof applicable to it. U.S. Bank shall not be answerable or accountable under any circumstances, except (a) for its own willful misconduct or gross negligence, (b) for its or Trustee’s failure to use ordinary care to disburse funds or to comply with the first sentence of Section 6.8 hereof and (c) liabilities that may result from the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty made by it (or from the failure by it to perform any covenant) in Section 6.3 hereof. U.S. Bank agrees that it will and at its own cost or expense (but without any right of indemnity in respect of any such cost or expense under Section 7.1 hereof), promptly take such action as may be necessary to duly discharge and satisfy in full all Liens on all or any part of the Trust Estate attributable to it and unrelated to the transactions contemplated by the Trustee Agreements. Section 6.2 Absence of Certain Duties. Except in accordance with written instructions furnished pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof and except as provided in, and without limiting the generality of, Sections 3.1 and 5.3 hereof and the last sentence of Section 9.1(b) hereof, neither Trustee nor U.S. Bank shall have any duty (i) to see to any recording or filing of any document or of any supplement thereto or to see to the maintenance of any such recording or filing or any other filing of reports with the Federal Aviation Administration or other governmental agencies, except that U.S. Bank agrees to comply with the Federal Aviation Administration reporting requirements set forth in 14 C.F.R. § 47, and Trustee shall complete and timely submit (and furnish Beneficiary with a copy of) any and all reports relating to the Engine as prepared by Beneficiary that may from time to time be required -7- by the Federal Aviation Administration or any government or governmental authority having jurisdiction, (ii) to see to any insurance on the Engine or to effect or maintain any such insurance, or (iii) to see to the payment or discharge of any tax, assessment or other governmental charge or any lien or encumbrance of any kind owing with respect to, assessed or levied against any part of the Trust Estate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Trustee will furnish to Beneficiary, promptly upon receipt thereof, duplicates or copies of all reports, notices, requests, demands, tax bills, invoices, certificates and financial statements received under or in connection with the Trust Estate, except to the extent to which a Responsible Officer of Trustee reasonably believes (and confirms by telephone call with the Beneficiary) that duplicates or copies thereof have already been furnished to Beneficiary by some other person. Section 6.3 No Representations or Warranties as to Certain Matters. NEITHER TRUSTEE NOR U.S. BANK MAKES OR SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE MADE (a) ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE TITLE, AIRWORTHINESS, VALUE, CONDITION, WORKMANSHIP, DESIGN, OPERATION, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR USE FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THE ENGINE OR ANY PART THEREOF, AS TO THE ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE, AS TO THE ABSENCE OF ANY INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR COPYRIGHT, AS TO THE ABSENCE OF OBLIGATIONS BASED ON STRICT LIABILITY IN TORT, OR ANY OTHER REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE ENGINE OR ANY PART THEREOF WHATSOEVER, except that U.S. Bank warrants that Trustee shall have received whatever title was conveyed to it by or at the direction of Beneficiary and that the Engine shall during the term of this Trust Agreement be free of Liens attributable to U.S. Bank and unrelated to the transactions contemplated by the Trustee Agreements, or (b) any representation or warranty as to the validity, legality or enforceability of this Trust Agreement, or any other document or instrument, or as to the correctness of any statement contained in any thereof except to the extent that any such statement is expressly made herein or therein by such party as a representation by Trustee or by U.S. Bank, as the case may be, and except that U.S. Bank hereby represents and warrants that this Trust Agreement has been (assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by Beneficiary of this Trust Agreement) duly executed and delivered by one of its officers who is duly authorized to execute and deliver such instruments on behalf of itself or Trustee, as the case may be, and that this Trust Agreement constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of U.S. Bank or Trustee, as the case may be, enforceable against U.S. Bank or Trustee, as the case may be, in accordance with its terms. Section 6.4 No Segregation of Monies; Interest. Monies received by Trustee hereunder need not be segregated in any manner except to the extent provided by law, and shall be invested as provided in Section 4.2 hereof. Section 6.5 Reliance Upon Certificates, Counsel and Agents. Trustee shall incur no liability to anyone in acting in good faith in reliance upon and in accordance with any signature, instrument, notice, resolution, request, consent, order, certificate, -8- report, opinion, bond or other document or paper reasonably believed by it to be genuine and reasonably believed by it to be signed by the proper party or parties. Unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein, any request, direction, order or demand of Beneficiary mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by written instruments signed by a person purporting to be the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President or any other officer and in the name of Beneficiary. In the administration of trusts hereunder, Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereof and perform its powers and duties hereunder directly or through agents or attorneys and may, at the expense of the Trust Estate, consult with counsel, accountants and other skilled persons to be selected and employed by it. Trustee shall not be liable for anything done, suffered or omitted in good faith by it in accordance with the advice or opinion of any such counsel, accountants or other skilled persons and Trustee shall not be liable for the negligence of any such counsel, accountant or other skilled person appointed by it with due care hereunder. Section 6.6 Not Acting in Individual Capacity. In acting hereunder, Trustee acts solely as trustee and not in its individual capacity except as otherwise expressly provided herein, and, except as may be otherwise expressly provided in this Trust Agreement, all persons having any claim against Trustee by reason of the transactions contemplated hereby shall look only to the Trust Estate for payment or satisfaction thereof except to the extent Trustee shall expressly agree otherwise in writing. Section 6.7 Fees; Compensation. Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and Beneficiary shall be required to pay, compensation on the terms heretofore agreed upon between Trustee and Beneficiary, including indemnifications payable hereunder, together with reimbursement within thirty (30) days of its request for all reasonable expenses incurred or made by it in accordance with any of the provisions of this Trust Agreement (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses of its counsel, accountants or other skilled persons and of all other persons not regularly in its employ). Trustee shall have a lien upon the Trust Estate for any such compensation or reimbursement not paid by Beneficiary as contemplated by this Section 6.7 and such lien shall entitle Trustee to priority as to payment thereof over payment to any other person under this Trust Agreement. Section 6.8 Tax Returns. The Trustee shall be responsible for the keeping of all appropriate books and records relating to the receipt and disbursement of all monies under this Trust Agreement or any agreement contemplated hereby. The Beneficiary shall be responsible for causing to be prepared all income tax returns required to be filed with respect to the trust created hereby, provided that the Trustee shall execute and file all such income tax returns required to be filed. The Beneficiary shall deliver all such completed returns to the Trustee with instructions for filing at least 10 Business Days prior to the deadline for filing such returns. The Beneficiary, upon request, will furnish the Trustee with all such information as may be reasonably required from the Beneficiary in connection with the execution and filing of such income tax returns. -9- ARTICLE VII INDEMNIFICATION OF U.S. BANK BY BENEFICIARY Section 7.1 Beneficiary to Indemnify U.S. Bank. Beneficiary hereby agrees to assume liability for, and hereby indemnifies, protects, saves and keeps harmless U.S. Bank and its successors, assigns, officers, directors, legal representatives, agents and servants, from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, taxes (excluding any taxes payable by U.S. Bank on or measured by any compensation received by U.S. Bank for its services hereunder), claims, actions, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements (including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees and expenses, and including without limitation any liability of an owner, any strict liability and any liability without fault) of any kind and nature whatsoever that may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against U.S. Bank in any way relating to or arising out of this Trust Agreement or in any way relating to or arising out of the manufacture, purchase, acceptance, nonacceptance, rejection, ownership, delivery, lease, possession, use, operation, condition, sale, return or other disposition of the Engine or any part thereof (including, without limitation, latent and other defects, whether or not discoverable, and any claim for patent, trademark or copyright infringement), or in any way relating to or arising out of the administration of the Trust Estate or the action or inaction of Trustee or U.S. Bank hereunder, including incurred in connection with the enforcement of the obligations of Beneficiary in this Section 7.1, except (a) in the case of willful misconduct or gross negligence on the part of Trustee or U.S. Bank in the performance or nonperformance of its duties hereunder or under any other document to which Trustee may be a party or (b) those resulting from the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of U.S. Bank (or from the failure of U.S. Bank to perform any of its covenants) in Section 6.3 hereof or in any other document to which Trustee may be a party or (c) as may result from a breach by U.S. Bank of its covenant in the last sentence of Section 6.3 hereof or (d) in the case of the failure to use ordinary care on the part of Trustee or U.S. Bank in the disbursement of funds. The indemnities contained in this Section 7.1 extend to U.S. Bank only in its individual capacity and shall not be construed as indemnities of the Trust Estate (except to the extent, if any, that U.S. Bank in its individual capacity has been reimbursed by the Trust Estate for amounts covered by the indemnities contained in this Section 7.1). The indemnities contained in this Section 7.1 shall survive the termination of this Trust Agreement. ARTICLE VIII TRANSFER OF THE BENEFICIARY’S INTEREST Section 8.1 Transfer of Interests. If there is more than one Beneficiary, no assignment, conveyance or other transfer by an Beneficiary of any of its right, title or interest in and to this Trust Agreement or the Trust Estate shall be valid unless each other Beneficiary’s prior written consent (which consent may be withheld in the sole discretion of such other Beneficiaries) is given to such assignment, conveyance or other transfer.


 
-10- Section 8.2 Actions of the Beneficiaries. If at any time prior to the termination of this Trust Agreement there is more than one Beneficiary, then, subject to Section 11.5 hereof, during such time, if any action is required to be taken by all Beneficiaries and whenever any direction, authorization, approval, consent, instruction, or other action is permitted to be given or taken by the Beneficiary, such direction, authorization, approval, consent, instruction, or other action shall be given or taken only upon unanimous agreement of all Beneficiaries; provided, however, that the termination of this Trust Agreement pursuant to Sections 11.1 or 11.2 hereof may be affected upon the election of any Beneficiary. Section 8.3 Succession of Beneficiary. Beneficiary shall be Beneficiary under this Trust Agreement unless and until (i) Beneficiary shall convey to a Successor Beneficiary the Beneficiary’s beneficial interest in the Trust Estate and (ii) the Beneficiary, such Successor Beneficiary and Trustee shall acknowledge such transfer or assignment by the execution and delivery by each of the Beneficiary, such Successor Beneficiary and Trustee of a trust supplement (a “Trust Supplement”) substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto. Following the execution and delivery of such Trust Supplement, and with effect as of the date and time specified therein as the “Effective Time”, all references herein to the “Beneficiary” shall be deemed to mean the Successor Beneficiary named in such Trust Supplement. All costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) of Trustee relating to any such transfer or assignment (or proposed transfer or assignment) shall be the responsibility of the transferring or assigning Beneficiary. The Beneficiary hereby acknowledges that, in accordance with Section 326 of the USA Patriot Act, the Trustee, like all financial institutions and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, are required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account. The Beneficiary agrees that it shall provide the Trustee, and will require any proposed Successor Beneficiary to provide the Trustee with such information as the Trustee may request in order to satisfy the requirements of the USA Patriot Act. Satisfactory completion of all required “know your customer” due diligence necessary to comply with the documentation requirements of the USA Patriot Act shall be a condition to the acknowledgment by the Trustee of any transfer or assignment permitted under this Article VIII. ARTICLE IX SUCCESSOR TRUSTEES; CO-TRUSTEES Section 9.1 Resignation of Trustee; Appointment of Successor. (a) Resignation or Removal. Trustee or any successor Trustee may resign at any time without cause by giving at least sixty (60) days’ prior written notice to Beneficiary, such resignation to be effective upon the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee under Section 9.1(b) hereof. In addition, Beneficiary may at any time remove Trustee with or without cause by a notice delivered to Trustee, such removal to be effective upon the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee under Section 9.1(b) hereof. In the case of the resignation or removal of Trustee, Beneficiary may appoint a successor Trustee by an instrument -11- signed by Beneficiary. If a successor Trustee shall not have been appointed within thirty (30) days after such notice of resignation or removal, Trustee may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction to appoint a successor Trustee to act until such time, if any, as a successor shall have been appointed as above provided. Any successor Trustee so appointed by such court shall immediately and without further act be superseded by any successor Trustee appointed as above provided. (b) Execution and Delivery of Documents, etc. Any successor Trustee, however appointed, shall execute and deliver to the predecessor Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon such successor Trustee, without further act, shall become vested with all the estates, properties, rights, powers, duties and trusts of the predecessor Trustee in the trusts hereunder with like effect as if originally named Trustee herein; but nevertheless, upon the written request of such successor Trustee, such predecessor Trustee shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee, upon the trusts herein expressed, all the estates, properties, rights, powers and trusts of such predecessor Trustee, and such predecessor Trustee shall duly assign, transfer, deliver and pay over to such successor Trustee all monies or other property then held by such predecessor Trustee upon the trusts herein expressed. Upon the appointment of any successor Trustee hereunder, the predecessor Trustee will execute such documents as are provided to it by such successor Trustee and will take such further actions as are requested of it by such successor Trustee as are reasonably requested provided all sums owing to the Trustee hereunder have been paid or the Responsible Officer has otherwise reasonably determined that provision for payment has been or will be made. (c) Qualifications. Any successor Trustee, however appointed, shall be a “citizen of the United States” within the meaning of 49 U.S.C. § 40102(a)(15) and shall also be a bank or trust company organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000, if there be such an institution willing, able and legally qualified to perform the duties of the Owner Trustee hereunder upon reasonable or customary terms. No such successor trustee shall charge fees for its services as an Owner Trustee in excess of the then prevailing market rates for such services. (d) Merger, etc. Any corporation into which U.S. Bank may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which U.S. Bank shall be a party, or any corporation to which substantially all the corporate trust business of U.S. Bank may be transferred, shall, subject to the terms of Section 9.1(c) hereof, be Trustee hereunder without further act. Section 9.2 Co-Trustees and Separate Trustees. If at any time it shall be necessary or prudent in order to conform to any law of any jurisdiction in which all or any part of the Trust Estate is located, or Trustee being advised by counsel shall determine that it is so necessary or prudent in the interest of Beneficiary or Trustee, or Trustee shall have been directed to do so by Beneficiary, Trustee and Beneficiary shall execute and deliver an agreement supplemental hereto and all other instruments and agreements necessary or proper to constitute another bank or trust company or one or more persons (any and all of which shall be a “citizen of the United States” within the meaning of 49 U.S.C. § 40102(a)(15)) approved by Trustee and Beneficiary, either to act as co-trustee, jointly with -12- Trustee, or to act as separate trustee hereunder (any such co-trustee or separate trustee being herein sometimes referred to as an “additional trustee”). In the event Beneficiary shall not have joined in the execution of such agreements supplemental hereto within ten days after the receipt of a written request from Trustee so to do; and Beneficiary hereby appoints Trustee its agent and attorney-in-fact to act for it under the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.2 in either of such contingencies. Every additional trustee hereunder shall, to the extent permitted by law, be appointed and act, and Trustee and its successors shall act, subject to the following provisions and conditions: (a) All powers, duties, obligations and rights conferred upon Trustee in respect of the custody, control and management of monies, the Engine or documents authorized to be delivered hereunder shall be exercised solely by Trustee; (b) All other rights, powers, duties and obligations conferred or imposed upon Trustee shall be conferred or imposed upon and exercised or performed by Trustee and such additional trustee jointly, except to the extent that under any law of any jurisdiction in which any particular act or acts are to be performed (including the holding of title to the Trust Estate) Trustee shall be incompetent or unqualified to perform such act or acts, in which event such rights, powers, duties and obligations shall be exercised and performed by such additional trustee; (c) No power given to, or which it is provided hereby may be exercised by, any such additional trustee shall be exercised hereunder by such additional trustee, except jointly with, or with the consent in writing of, Trustee; (d) No trustee hereunder shall be personally liable by reason of any action or omission of any other trustee hereunder; and (e) Beneficiary, at any time, by an instrument in writing may remove any such additional trustee. In the event that Beneficiary shall not have joined in the execution of any such instrument within ten days after the receipt of a written request from Trustee so to do, Trustee shall have the power to remove any such additional trustee without the concurrence of Beneficiary; and Beneficiary hereby appoints Trustee its agent and attorney-in-fact for it in such connection in such contingency. ARTICLE X SUPPLEMENTS AND AMENDMENTS TO TRUST AGREEMENT AND OTHER DOCUMENTS Section 10.1 Section 10.1 Supplements and Amendments. This Trust Agreement may not be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except by an instrument in writing signed by Trustee and Beneficiary. Subject to Section 10.2 hereof, Trustee will execute any amendment, supplement or other modification of this Trust Agreement or of any other document to which Trustee may be a party which it is requested to execute by Beneficiary; provided, however, that Trustee shall not execute any such amendment, supplement -13- or other modification which, by the express provisions of any of the above documents, requires the consent of any other party unless such consent shall have been obtained; and provided, further, that without the prior written consent of Beneficiary, (a) no such supplement, amendment or modification shall modify any of the provisions of Article IV or this Section 10.1; and (b) no such supplement, amendment or modification shall require Beneficiary to invest or advance funds or shall entail any additional personal liability or the surrender of any indemnification, claim or individual right on the part of Beneficiary with respect to any agreement or obligation. Section 10.2 Discretion as to Execution of Documents. Prior to executing any document required to be executed by it pursuant to the terms of Section 10.1 hereof, Trustee shall be entitled to receive an opinion of its counsel to the effect that the execution of such document is authorized hereunder. If in the opinion of Trustee any such document adversely affects any right, duty, immunity or indemnity in favor of Trustee hereunder or under any other document to which Trustee is a party, Trustee may in its discretion decline to execute such document. Section 10.3 Absence of Requirements as to Form. It shall not be necessary for any written request furnished pursuant to Section 10.1 hereof to specify the particular form of the proposed documents to be executed pursuant to such Section, but it shall be sufficient if such request shall indicate the substance thereof. Section 10.4 Distribution of Documents. Promptly after the execution by Trustee of any document entered into pursuant to Section 10.1 hereof, Trustee shall mail, by certified mail, courier (e.g., Federal Express) or other commercially reasonable means, postage prepaid, a conformed copy thereof to Beneficiary, but the failure of Trustee to mail such conformed copy shall not impair or affect the validity of such document. ARTICLE XI MISCELLANEOUS Section 11.1 Termination of Trust Agreement. This Trust Agreement and the trusts created hereby shall be of no further force or effect upon the earlier of (a) the sale or other final disposition by Trustee of all property constituting part of the Trust Estate and the final distribution by Trustee of all monies or other property or proceeds constituting part of the Trust Estate in accordance with Article IV hereof or (b) twenty- one years less one day after the death of the last survivor of all of the descendants of the grandparents of David C. Rockefeller living on the date of the earliest execution of this Trust Agreement by any party hereto, but if this Trust Agreement and the trusts created hereby shall be or become authorized under applicable law to be valid for a period commencing on the 21st anniversary of the death of such last survivor (or, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, if legislation shall become effective providing for the validity of this Trust Agreement


 
-14- and the trusts created hereby for a period in gross exceeding the period for which this Trust Agreement and the trusts created hereby are hereinabove stated to extend and be valid), then this Trust Agreement and the trusts created hereby shall not terminate under this subsection (b) but shall extend to and continue in effect, but only if such non-termination and extension shall then be valid under applicable law, until the day preceding such date as the same shall, under applicable law, cease to be valid; otherwise this Trust Agreement and the trusts created hereby shall continue in full force and effect in accordance with the terms hereof. Section 11.2 Beneficiary Has No Legal Title in Trust Estate. No Beneficiary shall have legal title to any part of the Trust Estate. No transfer, by operation of law or otherwise, of any right, title and interest of Beneficiary in and to the Trust Estate hereunder shall operate to terminate this Trust Agreement or the trusts hereunder or entitle any successors or transferees of Beneficiary to an accounting or to the transfer of legal title to any part of the Trust Estate. Nothing in this Section 11.2 shall, however, prevent the trust declared in Section 2.1 from being a bare trust, and any Beneficiary shall be entitled to terminate this Trust Agreement at its election. Section 11.3 Assignment, Sale, etc. of Engine. Any assignment, sale, transfer or other conveyance of the Engine or any part thereof by Trustee made pursuant to the terms hereof shall bind Beneficiary and shall be effective to transfer or convey all right, title and interest of Trustee and Beneficiary in and to the Engine so assigned, sold, transferred or conveyed. No purchaser or other grantee shall be required to inquire as to the authorization, necessity, expediency or regularity of such assignment, sale, transfer or conveyance or as to the application of any sale or other proceeds with respect thereto by Trustee. Section 11.4 Trust Agreement for Benefit of Certain Parties Only. Except (a) to the extent contemplated by and as provided in the agreements Trustee is directed to enter into pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 3.1 hereof, (b) for the terms of Article VIII hereof and (c) as otherwise provided in Article IX and Sections 6.7, 10.1 and 11.1 hereof, nothing herein, whether expressed or implied, shall be construed to give any person other than Trustee and Beneficiary any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Trust Agreement; but this Trust Agreement shall be held to be for the sole and exclusive benefit of Trustee and Beneficiary. Section 11.5 Notices. All notices, demands, instructions and other communications required or permitted to be given to or made upon any party hereto shall be in writing and shall be personally delivered or sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, or by facsimile, or by prepaid courier service, and shall be deemed to be given for purposes of this Agreement on the day that such writing is delivered or, if sent by registered or certified mail, three Business Days after being deposited in the mails addressed to the intended recipient thereof in accordance with the provisions of this Section 11.5. Unless otherwise specified in a notice sent or delivered in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 11.5, notices, demands, instructions and -15- other communications in writing shall be given to or made upon the respective parties hereto at their respective addresses (or to their respective facsimile numbers) as follows: (A) if to Trustee, to: U.S. Bank National Association, Global Structured Finance, 190 South LaSalle Street, 7th Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60603, attention: Brian Kozack, email: brian.kozack@usbank.com or (B) if to Beneficiary to: Willis Lease Finance Corporation, 60 East Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, Suite 209, Larkspur, CA 94939, facsimile: (415) 408-4701, Attention: General Counsel, email: legal@willislease.com. Section 11.6 Severability. Subject to Sections 11.6 and 11.11 hereof, any provision hereof that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. Section 11.7 Waivers, etc. No term or provision hereof may be changed, waived, discharged or terminated orally, but only by an instrument in writing entered into in compliance with the terms of Article X hereof; and any waiver of the terms hereof shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose given. Section 11.8 Counterparts. This Trust Agreement may be executed by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. Section 11.9 Binding Effect, etc. All covenants and agreements contained herein shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, Trustee and its successors and assigns, and Beneficiary, its successors and, to the extent permitted by Article VIII hereof, its assigns. Any request, notice, direction, consent, waiver or other instrument or action by a Beneficiary shall bind its successors and assigns. Section 11.10 Headings; References. The headings of the various Articles and Sections herein are for convenience of reference only and shall not define or limit any of the terms or provisions hereof. Section 11.11 Governing Law. THIS TRUST AGREEMENT SHALL IN ALL RESPECTS BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE INTERNAL LAWS OF THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT INCLUDING ALL MATTERS OF CONSTRUCTION, VALIDITY AND PERFORMANCE. -16- Section 11.12 Consent to Jurisdiction. OWNER TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY NEW YORK STATE OR FEDERAL COURT SITTING IN NEW YORK CITY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS TRUST AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER RELATED DOCUMENT, AND OWNER TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH NEW YORK STATE COURT OR, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. OWNER TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES TO THE FULLEST EXTENT IT MAY EFFECTIVELY DO SO, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING. [Signature Page Follows] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Trust Agreement to be duly executed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized as of the day and year first above written. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION By: Name: Title: U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION By: Name: Title: -17- - - I I NE S HEREOF, e rties reto ve sed is rust gree ent e ly cuted eir ective ffi ers nto ly t orized s f e y d ear st ve ri ten. I LIS SE N CE PORATION y: a e: itle: .S. K TI AL CIATION y: a e: itle:


 
-18- SCHEDULE 1 CREDIT SCHEDULE “Beneficial Interest Pledge and Security Agreement” means any agreement pursuant to which the Beneficiary pledges its interest in the Owner Trust to the Secured Party as security for obligations under and in connection with a Credit Agreement. “Bill of Sale” means the [warranty] bill of sale with respect to the Equipment issued by __________ in favor of the Owner Trustee.] “Credit Agreement” means any agreement pursuant to which one or more lenders have extended credit to the Beneficiary. “Equipment” means the Engine and ____________________. “Mortgage and Security Agreement” any agreement pursuant to which the Owner Trustee pledges its interest in the Trust Estate to Secured Party as security for obligations under and in connection with the Credit Agreement. “Owner Trustee Guaranty” means any guaranty executed by Owner Trustee in connection with and as required under the Credit Agreement. “Secured Party” means the lender or any agent for any lender or group of lenders under the Credit Agreement. -19- EXHIBIT A TRUST SUPPLEMENT NO. 1 THIS TRUST SUPPLEMENT dated as of [____________], 20[__] (this “Supplement”) among WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (“Beneficiary”), [____________], a [____________] (the “Successor Beneficiary”) and U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association (the “Trustee”). RECITALS A. Beneficiary and the Trustee have entered into that certain Trust Agreement No. [_______] dated as of [____________], 20[__] (the “Trust Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other things, the Trustee agreed to hold the Trust Estate for the use and benefit of the Beneficiary; and B. The Successor Beneficiary and Beneficiary desire that the Successor Beneficiary should succeed to all of the rights and obligations of Beneficiary as Beneficiary under the Trust Agreement, as amended and supplemented hereby. AGREEMENT NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt, adequacy and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows: 1. All capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the Trust Agreement. 2. Pursuant to Section 8.2 of the Trust Agreement, Beneficiary and the Successor Beneficiary hereby acknowledge that at and with effect from _______ o’clock [am/pm] GMT on ______ [ ] (the “Effective Time”), (a) Beneficiary transferred and assigned to the Successor Beneficiary, its successors and assigns, all of Beneficiary rights and interests in, to and under the Trust Estate and the Trust Agreement, other than any rights of the Beneficiary that are expressly retained by the Beneficiary, and (b) the Successor Beneficiary agreed to accept such assignment and assumed any and all duties, obligations and liabilities of Beneficiary with respect thereto arising from and after the Effective Time, and agreed to be bound by all of the terms of Trust Agreement. 3. Successor Beneficiary hereby represents and warrants that (i) it is a duly organized and existing [type of entity] organized and in good standing under the laws of [_____] , and (ii) it (or its obligations under the Trustee Agreements have been unconditionally guaranteed pursuant to a guaranty agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee by an Affiliate) who has a combined capital and surplus or tangible net worth of at least $50,000,000. 4. Beneficiary, the Successor Beneficiary and the Trustee acknowledge and agree that, with effect from and after the Effective Time, all references in the Trust Agreement to the “Beneficiary” shall be deemed to mean the Successor Beneficiary. [Signature Page Follows] -20- - - ature ge ll s] IN WITNESS HEREOF, the parties have executed this Supplement by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized on the day and date set forth above. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION By: Name: Title: [SUCCESSOR BENEFICIARY] By: Name: Title: U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee By: Name: Title: -21- - - I I NE S REOF, e rties e cuted is ple ent eir ective ffi ers nto ly t orized e y d te t rth ove. I LIS SE N CE PORATION y: a e: itle: SU SSOR EFICI RY] y: a e: itle: .S. K TI AL SOCIATION, s rust e y: a e: itle:


 
EXHIBIT L Form of Officer’s Certificate [LOAN PARTY] OFFICER’S CERTIFICATE The undersigned, [Name], [Position] of [Loan Party], a [Jurisdiction] [Type of Entity] (the “Company”), certifies, on behalf of the Company, that: (a) I am the duly elected [Position] of the Company and, as such, I have knowledge of the records of the Company. This Certificate is provided pursuant to 4.01(b) of the Credit Agreement dated as of [⚫], 2024, among the Company, [Willis Lease Finance Corporation as Borrower], the [other] Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”). (b) Attached hereto as Exhibit A is a true and correct copy of the [Certificate of Incorporation][Certificate of Formation][other constitutive documents] of the Company and all amendments thereto. Such Certificate is in full force and effect as of the date hereof. (c) Attached hereto as Exhibit B is a true and correct copy of the [Bylaws][Limited Liability Company Agreement][other governing documents] of the Company and all amendments thereto. Such Bylaws are in full force and effect as of the date hereof. (d) Attached hereto as Exhibit C is a true and correct copy of Resolutions of the [Board of Directors][Sole Member][Members][other governing body] of the Company duly adopted [at a meeting held [__], 2024][by unanimous written consent]. Such Resolutions are in full force and effect as of the date hereof. (e) Attached hereto as Exhibit D is a true and correct copy of the certificates of good standing, existence or equivalent of the Company. (f) Attached hereto as Exhibit E is an Incumbency Certificate identifying the [Authorized Signatories of the Company]12[officers of the Company that have been duly authorized to execute the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to which the Company is to be a party]13. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has signed this Certificate on __________, 2024. [Company] 12 Include for Borrower and delete second bracketed alternative. 13 Include for Guarantors and delete first bracketed alternative. By: Name: [_] Title: [J] #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 y: __________________________________ a e: _] itle: __] EXHIBITA [TYPE OF CHARTER DOCUMENT] (see attached) #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 I I A T E F RTER UMENT] e tt ed) EXHIBIT B [TYPE OF GOVERNING DOCUMENT] (see attached) IBIT T E F VERNING UMENT] e a )


 
EXHIBIT C RESOLUTIONS (see attached) IBIT LUTIONS e a ) EXHIBIT D CERTIFICATE OF GOOD STANDING (see attached) #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 IBIT TIFI ATE F OD DING e t ed) #4857-3188-8880v1 EXHIBIT E CERTIFICATE OF INCUMBENCY The following persons are, on the date hereof, duly elected officers of the Company [and Authorized Signatories (as defined in the Credit Agreement)]14 holding the office set forth opposite his name and each signature set forth below is the true facsimile signature of such person. Name Office Signature __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ 14 Include for Borrower; otherwise delete. #4857-3188-8880v1 EXHIBIT M Form of Placard Placard to be used for Engines owned by Bank of Utah as Owner Trustee: THIS ASSET IS OWNED BY AND LEASED FROM BANK OF UTAH, AS OWNER TRUSTEE, AND IS SUBJECT TO A FIRST PRIORITY SECURITY INTEREST IN FAVOR OF ONE OR MORE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. C/O Willis Lease Finance Corporation, as Servicer 60 East Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, Suite 209 Larkspur, CA 94939 415-408-4700 Placard to be used for Engines owned by Wells Fargo Trust Company as Owner Trustee: THIS ASSET IS OWNED BY AND LEASED FROM WELLS FARGO TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS OWNER TRUSTEE, AND IS SUBJECT TO A FIRST PRIORITY SECURITY INTEREST IN FAVOR OF ONE OR MORE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. C/O Willis Lease Finance Corporation, as Servicer 60 East Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, Suite 209 Larkspur, CA 94939 415-408-4700 Placard to be used for Engines owned by U.S. Bank as Owner Trustee: THIS ASSET IS OWNED BY AND LEASED FROM U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS OWNER TRUSTEE, AND IS SUBJECT TO A FIRST PRIORITY SECURITY INTEREST IN FAVOR OF ONE OR MORE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS C/O Willis Lease Finance Corporation, as Servicer 60 East Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, Suite 209 Larkspur, CA 94939 415-408-4700


 
#4857-3188-8880v1 Placard to be used for Engines owned by Borrower or Subsidiaries: THIS ASSET IS OWNED BY WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, OR AN AFFILIATE, AND IS SUBJECT TO A FIRST PRIORITY SECURITY INTEREST IN FAVOR OF ONE OR MORE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. C/O Willis Lease Finance Corporation, for itself and/or as Servicer 60 East Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, Suite 209 Larkspur, CA 94939 415-408-4700 Exhibit N-1 Exhibit N TO CREDIT AGREEMENT [FORM OF] BORROWING BASE CERTIFICATE AS OF [________] To: Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent This Borrowing Base Certificate (“Certificate”) is delivered pursuant to that certain Credit Agreement dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Borrower”), the lenders from time to time parties thereto (collectively, the “Lenders” and, individually, a “Lender”), Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, “Administrative Agent”), and Bank of America, N.A., as collateral agent (in such capacity, “Collateral Agent”). Terms defined in the Credit Agreement and not otherwise defined in this Certificate shall have the meanings defined for them in the Credit Agreement. Section references herein relate to the Credit Agreement unless stated otherwise. This Certificate covers the fiscal month ending [_______], 20[__] (the “Determination Date”), and is delivered to Administrative Agent pursuant to [Section 4.02(e)]1[Section 6.03(f)]2 of the Credit Agreement. The following calculations determine the Borrowing Base and the amount that is available in respect of Credit Extensions as of the Determination Date under the Facility described in the Credit Agreement and related Loan Documents. Attached hereto as Schedule A are such other calculations demonstrating that the Borrowing Base is in compliance with the concentration limitations set forth in subclause (ii) of clause (II) of the proviso in the definition of “Borrowing Base” in the Credit Agreement. [Attached hereto as Schedule B is a description of the Eligible Engines, Eligible Equipment, Eligible Leases and Eligible Specified Assets included in the Borrowing Base.]3 Such calculations are derived from the books and records of Borrower in accordance with the relevant definitions of financial terms set forth in the Credit Agreement: I. BORROWING BASE (a) Eligible Engines (not Off-Lease for more than 180 days) (i) Net Book Value of Eligible Engines that are not Off-Lease at such time and that have not been Off-Lease for more than 180 days $ (ii) times 85% x .85 Total Eligible Engines (not Off-Lease) [(i) x (ii)] $ (b) Eligible Engines (Off-Lease) 1 NTD: Use when Borrowing Base Certificate is submitted in connection with a Request for Credit Extension. 2 NTD: Use for monthly reporting. 3 NTD: Use for monthly reporting under 6.03(f). Exhibit N-2 (i) Net Book Value of all other Eligible Engines $ (ii) times 40% x .40 Total of Eligible Engines (Off-Lease) [(i) x (ii)] $ (c) Eligible Equipment (not Off-Lease for more than 180 days) (i) Net Book Value of Eligible Equipment that is not Off-Lease and that has not been Off-Lease for more than 180 days $ (ii) times 60% x .60 Total Eligible Equipment (not Off-Lease) [(i) x (ii)] $ (d) Eligible Equipment (Off-Lease) (i) Net Book Value of all other Eligible Equipment (other than Eligible Corporate Aircraft) $ (ii) times 30% x .30 Total Eligible Equipment (Off-Lease) [(i) x (ii)] $ (e) Eligible Saleable Assets (i) Net Book Value of Eligible Saleable Assets $ (ii) times 65% x .65 Total Eligible Saleable Assets [(i) x (ii)] $ (f) Eligible Corporate Aircraft (i) Net Book Value of Eligible Corporate Aircraft $ (ii) times 75% x .75 Total Eligible Corporate Aircraft [(i) x (ii)] $ (g) Eligible Loan Products (i) Outstanding principal amount of all Eligible Loan Products in respect of which no Security Failure4 has occurred as of the Determination Date $ 4 “Security Failure” shall mean the relevant Loan Party’s security interest in, perfection and/or priority over, any PDP Loan and related PDP Loan Documents or any Loan Product and related Loan Product Documents is non- existent or has lapsed as of the Determination Date. Exhibit N-3 (ii) times 85% x .85 Total Eligible Loan Products [(i) x (ii)] $ (h) Eligible PDP Loans (i) Outstanding principal amount of all Eligible PDP Loans5 (A) that do not exceed the PDP Advance Rate Limitation in respect thereof, (B) in respect of which no PDP Loan Revaluation Triggering Event6 has occurred on or prior to the Determination Date and (C) in respect of which no Security Failure has occurred as of the Determination Date $ (ii) plus with respect to any Eligible PDP Loan in respect of which a PDP Loan Revaluation Triggering Event has occurred, the value of the Eligible PDP Loan as reflected on the Borrower’s consolidated balance sheet for the most recently ended fiscal quarter (iii) times 50% x .50 Total Eligible PDP Loans [((i) + (ii)) x (ii)] $ (i) Eligible Specified Assets (i) Net Book Value of Eligible Specified Real Properties7 $ (ii) Net Book Value of Eligible Specified Vessel $ (iii) Net Book Value of Generators (iv) Total Net Book Value [(i) + (ii) + (iii)] $ 5 With respect to any Eligible PDP Loan, if (i) any default (howsoever defined) under any of the PDP Loan Documents applicable to such Eligible PDP Loan shall have occurred that entitled the relevant Loan Party to exercise step-in rights, (ii) such Loan Party has failed to exercise such step-in rights on or prior to the last date on which such step-in rights can be exercised under such PDP Loan Documents and (iii) the failure by such Loan Party to exercise such step-in rights results in a complete write-off to $0 of such Eligible PDP Loan, as reflected on the consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower, then the outstanding principal amount of such Eligible PDP Loan shall be zero. 6 “PDP Loan Revaluation Triggering Event” shall mean the relevant Loan Party’s purchase price calculated in accordance with the applicable PDP Direct Agreement for the relevant Underlying Asset, as such purchase price is projected as of the currently scheduled delivery date and calculated based on the facts and circumstances as of the Determination Date, is greater than the projected market value of such Underlying Asset as reasonably determined by the Borrower as of the Determination Date. 7 To the extent any of the Specified Real Properties is subject to a Lien described in prong (q) of the definition of “Permitted Lien”, so long as such Lien remains on the relevant Specified Real Property, the contribution to the Borrowing Base of such Specified Real Property shall be zero (0), provided that, to the extent such Lien is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted, the contribution to the Borrowing Base of such Specified Real Property shall be zero (0) upon such Specified Real Property being subject to such Lien for more than sixty (60) days.


 
Exhibit N-4 (v) times 65% x .65 Total Eligible Specified Assets [(iv) x (v)] $ (j) Appraisal Adjustment to Borrowing Base (i) Borrowing Base [Sum of Totals for (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) & (i)] $ less: (ii) Appraisal adjustment (based on annual Appraisal (pursuant to definition of Borrowing Base (proviso, subsection I)), if applicable) $ BORROWING BASE (Adjusted for Appraisal) $ II. FACILITY AVAILABILITY The available amount under the Facility and the Borrowing Base as of the Determination Date is calculated as the lesser of the following (1) and (2): (1) Revolving Commitment of all Lenders ($1,000,000,000.00 subject to Section 2.16) $ And (2) Borrowing Base (i) Borrowing Base (Adjusted for Appraisal in item I above) as of the Determination Date $ FACILITY AVAILABILITY [Equals lesser of (1) and (2)] $ III. AMOUNT AVAILABLE FOR CREDIT EXTENSIONS / BORROWING BASE DEFICIENCY (1) Facility Availability (from II above) $ Minus (2) Revolving Loans outstanding ($ ) Minus (3) Swingline Loans outstanding ($ ) Minus (4) L/C Obligations outstanding ($ AMOUNT AVAILABLE FOR BORROWING (OR, IF NEGATIVE, $ AMOUNT OF BORROWING BASE DEFICIENCY) [ (1) - (2) — (3) - (4)] [Signature on following page. ] Exhibit N-5 xhibit - ) / bligations t t ding ) OUNT AI ABLE R WING R, ATIVE, OUNT F WING SE FI I NCY) [ ) ) – ) – (4)] ature ing e. Exhibit N-6 This Certificate is executed on [DATE], by the [TITLE OF OFFICER] of Borrower, an Authorized Signatory. The undersigned hereby further certifies that each and every matter contained herein is derived from the books and records of Borrower and is true and correct in all material respects. [NAME AND TITLE OF OFFICER] of WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation Schedule A Concentration Limitations [see attached] Exhibit N-7 xhibit - edule oncentration i itations e ed]


 
[Schedule B Eligible Engines, Eligible Equipment, Eligible Leases and Eligible Specified Assets [see attached]]® 8 NTD: Use for monthly reporting under 6.03(f). Exhibit N-8xhibit - edule li i le ngines, li i le uipment, li i le eases d li i le ecified sets e ed]]8 8 TD: se r onthly rti g der . 3(f). 4880-8390-9873.v4 EXHIBIT O-1 Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Lenders That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) Reference is hereby made to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024, by and among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”). Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01 of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (a) it is the sole record and beneficial owner of the Loan(s) (as well as any Note(s) evidencing such Loan(s)) in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (b) it is not a bank within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (c) it is not a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code, and (d) it is not a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code. The undersigned has furnished the Administrative Agent and the Borrower with a certificate of its non-U.S. Person status on IRS Form W-8BEN-E. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (a) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, and (b) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished the Borrower and the Administrative Agent with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments. Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement. [NAME OF FOREIGN LENDER] By: Name: Title: Date: [________ __], [___] 4880-8390-9873.v4 EXHIBIT O-2 Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Participants That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) Reference is hereby made to the Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024, by and among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”). Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01 of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (a) it is the sole record and beneficial owner of the participation in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (b) it is not a bank within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (c) it is not a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code, and (d) it is not a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code. The undersigned has furnished its participating Lender with a certificate of its non-U.S. Person status on IRS Form W-8BEN-E. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (a) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform such Lender in writing, and (b) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished such Lender with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments. Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement. [NAME OF PARTICIPANT] By: Name: Title: Date: ________ __, ____ 4880-8390-9873.v4 EXHIBIT O-3 Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Participants That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) Reference is hereby made to the Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024, by and among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”). Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01 of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (a) it is the sole record owner of the participation in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (b) its direct or indirect partners/members are the sole beneficial owners of such participation, (c) with respect such participation, neither the undersigned nor any of its direct or indirect partners/members is a bank extending credit pursuant to a loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of its trade or business within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (d) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code, and (e) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code. The undersigned has furnished its participating Lender with IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by one of the following forms from each of its partners/members that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption: (a) an IRS Form W-8BEN-E (for an entity) or IRS Form W-8BEN (as applicable) or (b) an IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by an IRS Form W-8BEN-E (for an entity) or IRS Form W-8BEN (as applicable) from each of such partner’s/member’s beneficial owners that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (i) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform such Lender and (ii) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished such Lender with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments. Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement. [NAME OF PARTICIPANT] By: Name: Title: Date: ________ __, ____


 
4880-8390-9873.v4 EXHIBIT O-4 Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Lenders That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes) Reference is hereby made to the Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024, by and among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”). Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01 of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (a) it is the sole record owner of the Loan(s) (as well as any Note(s) evidencing such Loan(s)) in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (b) its direct or indirect partners/members are the sole beneficial owners of such Loan(s) (as well as any Note(s) evidencing such Loan(s)), (c) with respect to the extension of credit pursuant to this Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, neither the undersigned nor any of its direct or indirect partners/members is a bank extending credit pursuant to a loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of its trade or business within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (d) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code and (e) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code. The undersigned has furnished the Administrative Agent and the Borrower with IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by one of the following forms from each of its partners/members that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption: (a) an IRS Form W-8BEN-E (for an entity) or IRS Form W-8BEN (as applicable) or (b) an IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by an IRS Form W-8BEN-E (for an entity) or IRS Form W-8BEN (as applicable) from each of such partner’s/member’s beneficial owners that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (i) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, and (ii) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished the Borrower and the Administrative Agent with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments. Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement. [NAME OF LENDER] By: Name: Title: Date: ________ __, ___ 4880-8390-9873.v4 EXHIBIT P Form of Note [___________], [____] FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), hereby promises to pay to [_____________________] or its registered assigns (the “Lender”), in accordance with the provisions of the Credit Agreement (as hereinafter defined), the principal amount of each Revolving Loan from time to time made by the Lender to the Borrower under that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Credit Agreement;” the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among the Borrower, the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time. The Borrower promises to pay interest on the unpaid principal amount of each Revolving Loan from the date of such Revolving Loan until such principal amount is paid in full, at such interest rates and at such times as provided in the Credit Agreement. Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.04(f) of the Credit Agreement with respect to Swingline Loans, all payments of principal and interest shall be made to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lender in Dollars in immediately available funds at the Administrative Agent’s Office. If any amount is not paid in full when due hereunder, such unpaid amount shall bear interest, to be paid upon demand, from the due date thereof until the date of actual payment (and before as well as after judgment) computed at the per annum rate set forth in the Credit Agreement. This Note is one of the Notes referred to in the Credit Agreement and is subject to the provisions therein including the Register and Participant Register, and the holder is entitled to the benefits thereof and may be prepaid in whole or in part subject to the terms and conditions provided therein. Revolving Loans made by the Lender shall be evidenced by one or more loan accounts or records maintained by the Lender in the ordinary course of business. The Lender may also attach schedules to this Note and endorse thereon the date, amount and maturity of its Revolving Loans and payments with respect thereto. The Borrower, for itself, its successors and assigns, hereby waives diligence, presentment, protest and demand and notice of protest, demand, dishonor and non-payment of this Note. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Note by fax transmission or other electronic mail transmission (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Note. THIS NOTE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation By: Name: Title: #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 I LIS SE N CE RPORATION, el are r oration y: a e: itle: 4880-8390-9873.v4 EXHIBIT Q Form of Secured Party Designation Notice TO: Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent RE: Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024, by and among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”; capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement) DATE: [Date] [Name of Hedge Bank] (the “Secured Party”) hereby notifies you, pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, that the Secured Party meets the requirements of a Hedge Bank under the terms of the Credit Agreement and is a Hedge Bank under the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents. By executing and delivering this Secured Party Designation Notice, the Secured Party, as provided in the Credit Agreement, hereby agrees to be bound by all of the provisions of the Loan Documents which are applicable to it as a provider of a Swap Contract and hereby (a) confirms that it has received a copy of the Loan Documents and such other documents and information as it has deemed appropriate to make its own decision to enter into this Secured Party Designation Notice, (b) appoints and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such action as agent on its behalf and to exercise such powers and discretion under the Credit Agreement, the other Loan Documents or any other instrument or document furnished pursuant thereto as are delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms thereof, together with such powers as are incidental thereto (including the provisions of Section 9.01 of the Credit Agreement), and (c) agrees that it will be bound by the provisions of the Loan Documents and will perform in accordance with its terms all the obligations which by the terms of the Loan Documents are required to be performed by it as a provider of a Swap Contract. Without limiting the foregoing, the Secured Party agrees to indemnify the Administrative Agent as contemplated by Section 11.04(c) of the Credit Agreement. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this notice by fax transmission or other electronic mail transmission (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this notice. A duly authorized officer of the undersigned has executed this notice as of the day and year set forth above. THIS NOTE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. , as a Hedge Bank By:


 
Name: Title: #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 - - a e: itle: 4880-8390-9873.v4 EXHIBIT R Form of Solvency Certificate TO: Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent RE: Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024, by and among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”; capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement) DATE: [Date] The undersigned Authorized Signatory of the Borrower is familiar with the properties, businesses, assets and liabilities of the Loan Parties, on a consolidated basis, and is duly authorized to execute this certificate on behalf of the Borrower and the other Loan Parties. The undersigned certifies that [he][she] has made such investigation and inquiries as to the financial condition of the Loan Parties as the undersigned deems necessary and prudent for the purpose of providing this Solvency Certificate. The undersigned acknowledges that the Administrative Agent and the Lenders are relying on the truth and accuracy of this Certificate in connection with the making of Credit Extensions and the other transactions contemplated under the Credit Agreement. The undersigned certifies that the financial information, projections and assumptions which underlie and form the basis for the representations made in this Certificate were reasonable when made and were made in good faith and continue to be reasonable as of the date hereof. BASED ON THE FOREGOING, the undersigned certifies that, after giving effect to the initial Borrowings under the Credit Agreement and the other transactions contemplated by the Credit Agreement on the date hereof, the Loan Parties, on a consolidated basis, are Solvent. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Certificate by fax transmission or other electronic mail transmission (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Certificate. [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation By: Name: Title: #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 - - I LIS SE N CE RPORATION, el are r oration y: a e: itle: 4880-8390-9873.v4 EXHIBIT S Form of Authorization to Share Insurance Information TO: Insurance Agent RE: Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024, by and among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”; capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement) DATE: [Date] Grantor: [Insert Applicable Loan Party Name] (the “Grantor”) Administrative Agent: Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent for the Secured Parties, I.S.A.O.A., A.T.I.M.A. * (the “Administrative Agent”) Attn: MAC Legal Collateral Administration Mail Code CA4-702-02-25 2001 Clayton Road, 2nd Floor Concord, CA 94520 Policy Number: [Insert Applicable Policy Number] Insurance Company/Agent: [Insert Applicable Insurance Company/Agent] (the “Insurance Agent”) Insurance Company Address: [Insert Insurance Company’s Address] Insurance Company Telephone No.: [Insert Insurance Company’s Telephone No.] Insurance Company Fax No.: [Insert Insurance Company’s Fax No.] The Grantor hereby authorizes the Insurance Agent to send evidence of all insurance to the Administrative Agent, as may be requested by the Administrative Agent, together with requested insurance policies, certificates of insurance, declarations and endorsements. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Certificate by fax transmission or other electronic mail transmission (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Certificate. * I.S.A.O.A. stands for “its successors and/or assigns.” A.T.I.M.A. stands for “as their interest may appear.”


 
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]R I DER F E N LLY FT ] [GRANTOR NAME], a [Jurisdiction and Type of Organization] By: Name: Title: #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 G TOR ME], ris icti n d ype f rganization] y: a e: itle: 4880-8390-9873.v4 EXHIBIT T Form of Notice of Loan Prepayment TO: Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Swingline Lender RE: Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024, by and among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented, increased, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”; capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement) DATE: [Date] The Borrower hereby notifies the Administrative Agent that on [_____________]15 pursuant to the terms of Section 2.05 (Prepayments) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrower intends to prepay/repay the following Loans as more specifically set forth below16: [Voluntary prepayment of Revolving Loans in the following amount(s) Term SOFR Loans: $ .17 Applicable Interest Period: month[s]. Base Rate Loans: $ .18] [Voluntary prepayment of Swingline Loans in the following amount(s): $______________.] The Borrower may rescind this Notice of Loan Prepayment at any time prior to the date of prepayment specified above, or to change the date of prepayment to a later date. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this notice by fax transmission or other electronic mail transmission (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this notice. REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] 15 Specify date of such prepayment. 16 Note to Borrower. Scheduled payments and advances should only be processed by auto debit, wire or to BAC’s ACH account (not check or cashier’s check). Unscheduled payments should only be received by wire or DDA transfers (not ACH or check or cashier’s check). 17 Please note minimum prepayment amounts in Section 2.05(a) of the Credit Agreement. 18 Please note minimum prepayment amounts in Section 2.05(a) of the Credit Agreement. WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware Corporation By: Name: Title: #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 - - I LIS SE N CE RPORATION, el are orporation y: a e: itle:


 
4880-8390-9873.v4 EXHIBIT U Form of Funding Indemnity Letter TO: Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent Lenders to the Credit Agreement (as hereinafter defined) RE: Credit Agreement, to be dated on or about October 31, 2024, by and among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time (as amended, modified, extended, restated, replaced, or supplemented from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”; capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement) DATE: [Date] This letter is delivered in anticipation of the closing of the above-referenced Credit Agreement. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings assigned thereto in the most recent draft of the Credit Agreement circulated to the Borrower and the Lenders. The Borrower anticipates that all conditions precedent to the effectiveness of the Credit Agreement will be satisfied on October 31, 2024 (the “Effective Date”). The Borrower wishes to borrow the initial Revolving Loans, described in the Loan Notice delivered in connection with this letter agreement, on the Effective Date as Term SOFR Loans (the “Effective Date Term SOFR Loans”). The Borrower acknowledges that (a) in order to accommodate the foregoing request, the Lenders are making funding arrangements for value on the Effective Date, (b) there can be no assurance that the Credit Agreement will become effective as of the Effective Date, (c) the Lenders will not make such Effective Date Term SOFR Loans unless the Credit Agreement has been fully executed and the requirements set forth in Article IV of the Credit Agreement are satisfied (the “Funding Requirements”), and (d) if the Funding Requirements are not satisfied on or before the Effective Date, the Lenders may sustain funding losses as a result of such failure to close on such date. In order to induce the Lenders to make the funding arrangements necessary to make the Effective Date Term SOFR Loans on the Effective Date, the Borrower agrees promptly upon demand to compensate each Lender and hold each applicable Lender harmless from any loss, cost or expense (excluding loss of anticipated profits) which such Lender may reasonably incur as a consequence of any failure to (i) satisfy the Funding Requirements or (ii) borrow the Effective Date Term SOFR Loans Rate Loans on the Effective Date from such Lender for any reason whatsoever (including the failure of the Credit Agreement to become effective). For purposes of calculating amounts payable by the Borrower to any Lender under this paragraph, the provisions of Section 3.05 of the Credit Agreement shall apply as if the Credit Agreement were in effect with respect to the Effective Date Term SOFR Loans Rate Loans (regardless of whether the Credit Agreement ever becomes effective). This letter agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, which together shall constitute one instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this letter agreement by fax transmission or other electronic mail transmission (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this letter agreement. This letter agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York. [REMAINDER OF PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK] #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 his r ent all e verned , d str ed r ance ith, e a s f e tate f e ork. R I DER F E FT N LLY NK] WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation By: Name: Title: #485 7-3188-8880v1 85 I LIS SE N CE RPORATION, el are r oration y: a e: itle: 4880-8390-9873.v4 EXHIBIT V Form of Notice of Additional L/C Issuer TO: Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent RE: Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2024, by and among Willis Lease Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto from time to time (as amended, modified, extended, restated, replaced, or supplemented from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”; capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement) DATE: [Date] [Insert Name of additional L/C Issuer] (“Lender”), a Lender under the Credit Agreement and the Borrower hereby provide notice to the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer(s) pursuant to the terms of Section 2.03(s) that the Lender wishes to become an L/C Issuer under the Credit Agreement [with an L/C Commitment of [____] (the “Lender’s L/C Commitment”)]. It is hereby agreed that upon receipt by the Administrative Agent of a fully executed copy of this Notice, the Lender shall be deemed an L/C Issuer under the Credit Agreement[,][and] Schedule 2.03 to the Credit Agreement shall be deemed to be amended to read as Schedule 2.03 attached hereto[ and the defined term “L/C Commitment” set forth in the Credit Agreement shall be deemed amended to reflect the Lender’s L/C Commitment]. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this notice by fax transmission or other electronic mail transmission (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this notice. A duly authorized officer of the undersigned has executed this notice as of the day and year set forth above. [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]


 
WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation By: Name: Title: [LENDER’S NAME] By: Name: Title: Acknowledged and Agreed: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. as Administrative Agent By: Name: Title: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as an L/C Issuer By: Name: Title: [[INSERT OTHER L/C ISSUERS], as [an] L/C Issuer By: Name: Title: ]]


 
EX-10.75 5 a1075-bofawaiver.htm EX-10.75 a1075-bofawaiver
EXECUTION VERSION 4899-8569-1656.v5 LIMITED WAIVER NO. 1 to CREDIT AGREEMENT Dated as of December 19, 2024 This LIMITED WAIVER NO. 1 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT (this “Waiver”), is entered into as of December 19, 2024, by and among WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (“Borrower”), the GUARANTORS party hereto, BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., in its capacity as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “Administrative Agent”). RECITALS A. Borrower, the Guarantors, the Administrative Agent and certain financial institutions and other persons from time to time party thereto (collectively, the “Lenders”), have entered into that certain Credit Agreement dated as of October 31, 2024 (as the same may be further amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified, the “Credit Agreement”; capitalized terms used herein but not defined shall be used herein as defined in the Credit Agreement). B. Borrower intends to acquire certain Engines set forth on Schedule 1 to this Waiver (the “Specified Engines”) that upon the acquisition thereof, will be Off-Lease, and Borrower wishes to include the Specified Engines in the Borrowing Base. C. Pursuant to subsection (II)(ii)(G) of the proviso of the definition of “Borrowing Base” set forth in Section 1.01 of the Credit Agreement, the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of Eligible Engines and Eligible Equipment (excluding Regional Engines, regional Airframes and Eligible Corporate Aircraft) which are Off-Lease shall not exceed 20% of the Borrowing Base (the “Off-Lease Concentration Limitation”). D. Borrower has informed the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that if the Specified Engines were included in the Borrowing Base, the Off-Lease Concentration Limitation would be exceeded and has requested that the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders exclude the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base of the Margin Values of the Specified Engines solely for purposes of calculating whether the Off-Lease Concentration Limitation would be exceeded (the “Limited Waiver”). E. The Administrative Agent (in such capacity and on behalf of the Required Lenders acting with the consent of such Required Lenders) agrees, subject to the terms and conditions set forth below, to the Limited Waiver. NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereto agree and covenant as follows: AGREEMENT 1. Limited Waiver. Subject to the terms and conditions set out herein, from the Effective Date (as defined below) until April 1, 2025, the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders hereby grant the Limited Waiver. For the avoidance of doubt, after giving effect to the Limited Waiver, no other provision 2 4899-8569-1656.v5 of this Waiver is intended to (a) amend, limit or waive any other provision of the definition of “Borrowing Base” or any other eligibility condition contained in the Credit Agreement or (b) limit the inclusion in the Borrowing Base of the Net Book Value or Margin Value of any Specified Engine for any other purpose to the extent such Specified Engine and any Lease related thereto otherwise satisfies the conditions of the Credit Agreement for inclusion in the Borrowing Base. 2. Conditions. This Waiver shall become effective as of the date by which the Administrative Agent shall have received a counterpart of this Waiver, duly executed by the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (acting with the consent of the Required Lenders) (such date, the “Effective Date”). 3. Borrower’s Representations and Warranties. Borrower represents and warrants, for the benefit of the Lenders and the Administrative Agent, as follows: 3.1 Borrower has all requisite power and authority under applicable law and under its certificate of incorporation and bylaws to execute, deliver and perform this Waiver, and to perform the Loan Documents as waived hereby; 3.2 all actions, waivers and consents (corporate, regulatory and otherwise) necessary or appropriate for the Borrower to execute, deliver and perform this Waiver have been taken and/or received; 3.3 this Waiver constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Borrower enforceable against it in accordance with the terms hereof (except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles, whether enforcement is sought by proceedings in equity or at law); 3.4 the execution, delivery and performance of this Waiver will not (a) violate or contravene any material requirement of Applicable Law, (b) result in any material breach or violation of, or constitute a material default under, any agreement or instrument by which the Borrower or any of its property may be bound; 3.5 the representations and warranties contained in the Credit Agreement are correct in all material respects on and as of the date of this Waiver, before and after giving effect to the same, as though made on and as of such date (other than any such representations or warranties that, by their terms, are specifically made as of a date other than the date hereof); and 3.6 no Default has occurred and is continuing. 4. Reference to and Effect on the Credit Agreement and the Other Loan Documents. 4.1 Upon the effectiveness of this Waiver, each reference in the Credit Agreement to “this Agreement”, “hereunder”, “hereof”, “herein” or words of like import, and each reference in the other Loan Documents to “the Credit Agreement”, “thereunder”, “thereof”, “therein” or words of like import, shall mean and be a reference to the Credit Agreement as waived hereby. 4.2 Except as specifically waived herein, the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents are and shall continue to be in full force and effect and are hereby reaffirmed, ratified and confirmed in all respects. 3 4899-8569-1656.v5 4.3 The execution, delivery and effectiveness of this Waiver is limited to the matters specified herein and shall not operate as a waiver of any right, power or remedy of the Administrative Agent or the Lenders under the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document or constitute a modification, acceptance, or waiver of any other provision of the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, except as specifically set forth herein. 5. Payment of Expenses. Borrower shall pay the fees and expenses of the Administrative Agent in connection with this Waiver in accordance with Section 11.04 of the Credit Agreement. 6. Execution in Counterparts. This Waiver may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Waiver by electronic imagining means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Waiver. Subject to Section 11.18 of the Credit Agreement, this Waiver may be in the form of an Electronic Record and may be executed using Electronic Signatures (including facsimile and .pdf) and shall be considered an original and shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a paper record. 7. Governing Law; Severability. THIS WAIVER AND ANY CLAIMS, CONTROVERSY, DISPUTE OR CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR TORT OR OTHERWISE) BASED UPON, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS WAIVER AN THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. If any provision of this Waiver is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, (a) the legality, validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Waiver and the other Loan Documents shall not be affected or impaired thereby and (b) the parties shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions. The invalidity of a provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. 8. No Impairment; No Novation. Except as specifically hereby waived, the Loan Documents shall each remain unaffected by this Waiver and all Loan Documents shall remain in full force and effect. 9. Integration. The Loan Documents, including this Waiver: (a) integrate all the terms and conditions mentioned in or incidental to the Loan Documents; (b) supersede all oral negotiations and prior and other writings with respect to their subject matter; and (c) are intended by the parties as the final expression of the agreement with respect to the terms and conditions set forth in those documents and as the complete and exclusive statement of the terms agreed to by the parties. If there is any conflict between the terms, conditions and provisions of this Waiver and those of any other agreement or instrument, including any of the other Loan Documents, the terms, conditions and provisions of this Waiver shall prevail. 10. Loan Document. This Waiver shall constitute a Loan Document under and as defined in the Credit Agreement and shall be construed and administered in accordance with all of the terms and provisions of the Credit Agreement. [Signature Pages Follow] [SIGNATURE PAGE TO LIMITED WAIVER NO. 1 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT] 4899-8569-1656.v5 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have agreed to the foregoing as of the date first set forth above. BORROWER: WILLIS LEASE FINANCE LEASE CORPORATION, a Delaware Corporation By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Executive Vice President


 
[SIGNATURE PAGE TO LIMITED WAIVER NO. 1 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT] 4899-8569-1656.v5 GUARANTORS: WILLIS AERONAUTICAL SERVICES, INC., a Delaware corporation By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Executive Vice President COCONUT CREEK AVIATION ASSETS LLC, a Delaware limited liability company By: WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation Its sole manager By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Executive Vice President WILLIS LEASE MARINE LLC, a Cayman Islands limited liability company By: WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation Its sole manager By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Executive Vice President WILLIS ASSET MANAGEMENT LIMITED, an English private company limited by shares By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Director WILLIS AVIATION SERVICES LIMITED, an English private company limited by shares By: /s/ Dean M. Poulakidas Name: Dean M. Poulakidas Title: Director [SIGNATURE PAGE TO LIMITED WAIVER NO. 1 TO CREDIT AGREEMENT] 4899-8569-1656.v5 ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as the Administrative Agent and as acting with the consent of the Required Lenders By: /s/ Rose Thomas Name: Rose Thomas Title: Assistant Vice President 4899-8569-1656.v5 SCHEDULE 1 SPECIFIED ENGINES ESN Equipment Type 1 801545 PW 1133 2 800942 PW 1133 3 801635 PW 1133 4 801637 PW 1133 5 801638 PW 1133 6 801640 PW 1133 7 801641 PW 1133 8 801458 PW 1133 9 801644 PW 1133


 
EX-10.76 6 a1076-willispw1100gxjmsp.htm EX-10.76 a1076-willispw1100gxjmsp
CONTRACT TO PURCHASE PW1133G-JM SPARE ENGINES BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AERO ENGINES, LLC AND WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, FOR ITSELF AND AS SERVICER DATED DECEMBER 17, 2024 This document contains proprietary information of International Aero Engines, LLC (“IAE LLC”). IAE LLC offers the information contained in this document on the condition that you not disclose or reproduce the information to or for the benefit of any third party without IAE LLC’s written consent. Neither receipt nor possession of this document, from any source, constitutes IAE LLC’s permission. Possessing, using, copying or disclosing this document to or for the benefit of any third party without IAE LLC’s written consent may result in criminal and/or civil liability. This document does not contain any export regulated technical data. Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx REK TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................... 3 2. SPARE ENGINE PURCHASE, PRICE AND PAYMENT ............................................... 4 3. RESERVED.................................................................................................................. 7 4. WARRANTIES, AND SERVICE POLICIES .................................................................. 7 5. RESERVED.................................................................................................................. 7 6. SALE AND PART OUT ................................................................................................. 8 7. EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND TERMINATION .............................................................. 8 8. COMPLIANCE WITH LAW, GOVERNING LAW AND FORUM..................................... 10 9. MISCELLANEOUS ....................................................................................................... 14 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1 PW1133G-JM Turbofan Engine Model Specification Appendix 2 Delivery Schedule and Pricing Appendix 3 PW1100G-JM Engine and Parts Service Policy Appendix 4 Reserved Appendix 5 QEC Kit Appendix 6 Reserved Appendix 7 Forms of Warranty Bill of Sale Appendix 8 List of Permitted Affiliates IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 2 THIS CONTRACT is made this TO BE WRITTEN IN BY IAE (this “Contract”), BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AERO ENGINES, LLC, a limited liability company organized and existing under the laws of Delaware, with a place of business located at 400 Main Street, East Hartford, Connecticut 06118, United States of America (hereinafter called “IAE LLC”); and WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with a place of business located at 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway, Coconut Creek, Florida 33073, United States of America (for itself and in its capacity as Servicer on behalf of the Permitted Affiliates (as defined below), hereinafter called “Willis”). IAE LLC and Willis hereinafter are referred to individually as a “Party” and collectively as the “Parties”. WHEREAS: Willis desires to purchase from IAE LLC, and IAE LLC desires to sell to Willis, nine (9) new PW1133G-JM Spare Engines, which will be operated by one or more lessees of IAE LLC to support such lessee’s Airbus A320 NEO family aircraft powered by PW1133G-JM engines; and The Parties hereby set out the terms on which Willis will purchase the Spare Engines from IAE LLC and IAE LLC will sell such Spare Engines to Willis. NOW THEREFORE, THE PARTIES AGREE AS FOLLOWS: 1. DEFINITIONS In this Contract, unless the context otherwise requires: 1.1 “Aircraft” means an Airbus A320 NEO family aircraft operated by a lessee of IAE LLC. 1.2 “Bill of Sale” means a bill of sale in the form attached as Appendix 7 to this Contract. 1.3 “Certification Authority” means the United States Federal Aviation Administration or “FAA”. 1.4 “Delivery Date” means the date set forth in Appendix 2 for each Spare Engine, subject to adjustment as set forth therein. IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 3 1.5 “Delivery Location” means IAE LLC’s facility in Middletown, CT or HAECO’s facility in Dallas, Texas. 1.6 "Engine Bag” means a new IAE LLC-approved engine moisture and vapour proof storage bag. 1.7 “Engine Stand” means a new IAE LLC-approved engine transportation stand. 1.8 “Parts” has the meaning set forth in the Service Policy. 1.9 “Permitted Affiliates” means, collectively, those parties set forth in Appendix 8 attached hereto, or such other parties as consented to in writing by IAE LLC, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed; provided, however, that if (i) any such party at any time becomes subject to any event described in Sections 7.1.1a-7.1.1d, or (ii) IAE LLC is legally prohibited from doing business with such party, then such party shall cease to be a Permitted Affiliate. 1.10 “Spare Engine” means, individually or collectively as the context requires, IAE LLC PW1133G-JM engines that are the subject of this Contract, described as Standard Equipment as specified in Appendix 1, including the Engine Parts listed as included in Appendix 5. 1.11 “Spare Engine Part” means any part in a Spare Engine that is manufactured and sold by IAE LLC and delivered new in a Spare Engine. 1.12 “Specification” means the IAE LLC Engine Specifications attached as Appendix 1. 1.13 “Standard Equipment” means any item identified under the Standard Equipment section in the Specification. 2. SPARE ENGINE PURCHASE, PRICE AND PAYMENT 2.1 Spare Engines purchase from IAE LLC 2.1.1 Subject to Willis’ payment of the Spare Engine Purchase Price, IAE LLC hereby agrees to sell to Willis, and Willis hereby agrees to purchase from IAE LLC, the Spare Engines to be delivered as per the schedule set forth in Appendix 2. 2.1.2 Each Spare Engine delivery requires one (1) Spare Engine Bag and one (1) Spare Engine Stand. IAE LLC shall provide Willis with an Engine Bag and a Spare Engine Stand, to be delivered with each Spare Engine according to the schedule set forth in Appendix 2. IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 4


 
2.2 The purchase price for each Spare Engines is the amount set forth in the table below (the “Purchase Price”). EXPRESSED IN JANUARY 2024 UNITED STATES DOLLARS ENGINE TYPE PURCHASE PRICE PW1133G-JM [*] The Purchase Price includes the Engine Stand and Engine Bag. 2.2.1 No fewer than [*] business days prior to each applicable date of Delivery of a Spare Engine, IAE LLC shall invoice and Willis shall pay the Spare Engine Purchase Price in the amount of [*] for each Spare Engine. Such payment shall be paid to and received by IAE LLC on the date that the applicable Spare Engine is available for delivery and subject to satisfaction of all other requirements of this Contract. This payment must be received by IAE LLC prior to transfer of title of the applicable Spare Engine. 2.2.2 All payments to IAE LLC shall be made by cash wire transfer to the following account unless otherwise instructed by IAE LLC in writing: [*] [*] New York, New York 10005 United States of America Account Name: [*] Account Number: [*] Domestic ABA Routing No.: [*] International Swift Code: [*] 2.3 Delivery Title and Risk of Loss or Damage 2.3.1 On the Delivery Date for each Spare Engine, Engine Bag and Engine Stand, at the Delivery Location IAE LLC will transfer title to Willis or its Permitted Affiliate, to be evidenced by delivery of a Warranty Bill of Sale (either physically or electronically) in the form of Appendix 7 attached hereto. Such title transfer of the Spare Engine(s), Engine Bag and Engine Stand shall constitute delivery (“Delivery”) of such Spare Engines to Willis. IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 5 IAE LLC shall be responsible for the risk of loss of the Spare Engines until Delivery of such Spare Engines to Willis on the Delivery Date. 2.3.2 IAE LLC will provide Willis with the Spare Engine serial number no later than five (5) business days prior to the Delivery Date. 2.4 Conditions Precedent for IAE Without prejudice to Article 7, IAE LLC’s obligation to deliver, or cause to be delivered, the Spare Engine(s), Engine Bag(s), and Engine Stand(s) is subject to the nonexistence of the following events, the existence of which will excuse IAE LLC from delivering, or causing to be delivered, the Spare Engine(s), Engine Bag(s), or Engine Stand(s) until such time as the event is cured (provided that such event is capable of being cured): 2.4.1 a continuing event of default (taking into account any applicable grace period) by Willis in any payment due under this Contract (including any Appendix or amendments hereto); or 2.4.2 any event that is a Termination Event (as defined below) or would constitute a Termination Event, but for lapse of time, has occurred and is continuing. 2.5 Closing 2.5.1 Date of Closing. IAE LLC and Willis will use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the sale of each Spare Engine to occur on the scheduled Closing date. 2.5.2 Closing. For each Spare Engine, upon the satisfaction or waiver, each as confirmed by Willis, of each of the conditions precedent set forth in Section 2.4 with respect to such Spare Engine (other than receipt of the Bill of Sale), and upon the satisfaction or waiver, each as confirmed by IAE LLC, of each of the conditions precedent set forth in Section 2.4 with respect to such Spare Engine (other than receipt of the Acceptance Certificate), Willis will execute and deliver the Acceptance Certificate for the Spare Engine to IAE LLC in escrow and IAE LLC will execute and deliver the Bill of Sale for the Engine to Buyer in escrow. Upon IAE LLC’s receipt of the Spare Engine’s Purchase Price (which confirmation will be given promptly upon receipt, and in no event later than the same Business Day), the Bill of Sale and the Acceptance Certificate for the Spare Engine will be automatically released from escrow at such time (each, a “Closing”). IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 6 2.6 Documentation, Inspection and Acceptance 2.6.1 IAE LLC will ensure that the Spare Engines conform to the Specification through the maintenance of procedures, systems and records approved by the Certification Authority, and that a duly signed FAA-issued Authorized Release Certificate (FAA Form 8130-3, Airworthiness Approval Tag) or Certificate of Conformity (as the case may be) is issued for such purposes. In addition, and subject to Section 7.1 herein, IAE LLC will provide Willis with a copy of the borescope inspection video in the IAE LLC portal in respect of each Spare Engine on or before the Delivery Date thereof. 2.6.2 The Spare Engines will be accompanied by all of its related documentation on the Delivery Date. When Willis is set up as an IAE LLC customer, as soon as practicable, (i) within [*] for a preliminary version and (ii) within [*] for the final version, in each case following Delivery, the VSL Report link within the IAE LLC customer portal will be uploaded with an electronic copy of all such documentation. 2.6.3 If Willis refuses, is unable to accept, or otherwise hinders delivery, or if IAE LLC at Willis’ written request agrees to delay delivery of any Spare Engine, Willis will nevertheless pay to IAE LLC or cause IAE LLC to be paid as if, for the purposes of payment only, such undelivered Spare Engine had been Delivered on the Delivery Date. Willis will also pay to IAE LLC such reasonable sums as IAE LLC may require for storing, maintaining and insuring such undelivered Spare Engine from the Delivery Date until the date that Willis takes delivery of such Spare Engine. 3. RESERVED 4. WARRANTIES, AND SERVICE POLICIES 4.1 Warranties and Service Policies for the PW1100G-JM Engine IAE LLC will provide Willis the benefits of the Warranties and Service Policies, which is attached as Appendix 3, and LLP Life Assurance Plan (as previously provided) for the Spare Engines. 5. RESERVED IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 7 6. SALE AND PART OUT 6.1 Right of First Refusal With respect to each Spare Engine, for a period of [*] from the manufacture date of such Spare Engine, In the event Willis decides to transfer, sell, or otherwise dispose of any Spare Engine that is the subject of this Contract in an arm’s length transaction to an independent third party, Willis agrees to grant IAE LLC the right of first refusal to purchase such Spare Engine at the price and upon substantially the same payment terms offered by the third party. Upon receipt of any bona fide offer, Willis will notify IAE LLC in writing of the price and terms, and IAE LLC will respond to this notice within [*] after receipt thereof, indicating whether IAE LLC desires to exercise its rights hereunder. For purposes of this Section 6.1, a sale to an independent third party shall not include a sale by Willis to (i) [*]; provided, however, any such sale agreement with (i) or (ii) will grant IAE LLC the right of first to refusal to purchase such Spare Engine, consistent with the terms of this Section 6.1, in the event the Spare Engine is subsequently offered to be sold in an arm’s length transaction to an independent third party. 6.2 Covenant Against Spare Engine Part-Out Willis further agrees that the Spare Engines are for the sole purpose of supporting Willis’ engine leasing business through the loan or lease of such Spare Engines to Willis’ customers and that Willis (a) will not disassemble any such Spare Engine into parts to be used or sold separately, and (b) will ensure that any agreement with its customers will prohibit the disassembly of such Spare Engine into parts to be used or sold separately and will include IAE LLC as a third party beneficiary of such prohibition. This Section 6.2 applies with respect to each Spare Engine, for a period of [*] from the manufacture date of such Spare Engine. Willis’s failure to comply with this Article 6 is a material breach of this Contract. 7. EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND TERMINATION 7.1 Termination Events 7.1.1 Each of the following constitutes a “Termination Event” under this Contract: a. Willis commences any case, proceeding or action with respect to it or its property in any jurisdiction relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 8


 
reorganization, dissolution, liquidation, winding-up, or otherwise relating relief from or readjustment of any of its debts or obligations (excluding refinancing of its debt facilities); or b. Willis seeks the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian or other similar official for it or for all or substantially all of its assets, or makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or c. Willis otherwise becomes subject to any case, proceeding or action of the type referred to in Sections 7.1.1a or 7.1.1b that is not stayed, dismissed or discharged within [*] of the filing thereof; or d. An action is commenced against Willis seeking issuance of a warrant of attachment, execution, distraint or similar process against all or substantially all of its assets that is not stayed, dismissed or discharged within [*] of the filing thereof; or e. Willis’s failure to pay when due any amount owed hereunder within [*] following such due date; or f. Willis’s breach of Section 7.1 or Section 8.1, or a material breach of any other provision hereunder. 7.1.2 This Contract will automatically terminate upon the occurrence of any Termination Event specified in Sections 7.1.1a through 7.1.1d above, upon which time all amounts then outstanding hereunder and which Willis is obligated to pay hereunder will become immediately due and payable to IAE LLC, in addition to any and all other remedies available to IAE LLC under applicable law. Upon the occurrence of any other Termination Event, IAE LLC may, at its option, exercise any and all remedies available to it under applicable law, including, without limitation, the right by written notice, effective immediately, to unilaterally terminate this Contract, upon which time all amounts then outstanding hereunder and which Willis is obligated to pay hereunder will become immediately due and payable to IAE LLC. In the event of any Termination Event, all payments previously made by Willis hereunder are non-refundable. 7.2 Effect of Termination Upon the expiration or termination of this Contract, all rights and obligations of the Parties, including without limitation IAE LLC’s obligation to deliver goods not yet delivered, will terminate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any liabilities and obligations (including payment obligations and the Warranties) that have accrued IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 9 and have not been previously paid, executed or discharged prior to expiration or termination will survive. 8. COMPLIANCE WITH LAW, GOVERNING LAW AND FORUM 8.1 Compliance with Export/Import Laws and Regulations 8.1.1 The Parties agree to comply with any and all applicable export, import, sanctions and U.S. anti-boycott laws, regulations, orders and authorizations that apply to their respective activities and obligations set forth in this Contract (collectively “Export Laws”), including but not limited to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (22 CFR 120-130) (“ITAR”), the Export Administration Regulations (15 CFR 730 et seq.) (“EAR”) and any regulations and orders administered by the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulations (31 CFR Chapter V). Nothing in this Contract shall be construed as requiring a Party to perform an obligation that is noncompliant with any Export Laws. Furthermore, any Party that receives any technology, commodity, technical data, software, goods and services (including products derived from or based on such technical data) information or any other item subject to any applicable Export Laws, shall adhere to and comply with those laws, regulations, orders and authorizations. 8.1.2 The Parties shall use best efforts to apply for, obtain, comply with and maintain all export, re-export, and transfer authorizations, including approvals, consents, licenses, agreements, registrations and other authorizations (collectively “Export Licenses”) that are required or may be required to perform the activities and obligations set forth in this Agreement. No ITAR regulated items, technical data, or defense services will be provided without obtaining the proper authorization or Export Licenses. Upon IAE LLC’s request, Willis shall, without delay, provide any information and documentation requested by IAE LLC in support of its Export Licenses applications or compliance activities, including import certificates and end-user statements. 8.1.3 Prior to the transfer of any U.S. origin technical data, item or document, controlled by the EAR or ITAR, the transferring Party shall provide to the receiving Party the Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) or the ITAR category of such technical data and shall clearly indicate such on the technical data, item or document. 8.1.4 The Parties to this Contract shall not knowingly or unknowingly divert or cause to be diverted, any commodities, technical data, software, goods and services (including products derived from or based on such technical data) subject to the Export Laws to any (i) person, (ii) entity, (iii) country or IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 10 (iv) any entity located or incorporated in a country, that is on any denied party list or list of sanctioned countries, pursuant to either the Export Laws or any other applicable governing regulations. 8.1.5 If ITAR or EAR controlled technical data or items are transferred to a U.S. entity, then that entity must only allow access to that technical data or items by the following personnel: (i) U.S. citizens, or (ii) U.S. permanent resident alien, or (iii) who have U.S. protected individual status as defined by 8 USC 1324b(a)(3), or (iv) who are working under a valid U.S. export authorization. Upon request of the transferring Party, the receiving Party shall provide appropriate documentation evidencing the aforementioned requirements. 8.1.6 The Parties shall not export, re-export, transfer, disclose or otherwise provide physical or electronic access to technical data controlled under the Export Laws to any person (including unauthorized third-party information technology (“IT”) service providers) not authorized to receive said technical data under existing Export Laws and/or Export Licenses. 8.1.7 Neither Party shall modify or divert the other Party’s commodities, technical data, software, goods and services (including products derived from or based on such technical data) subject to the Export Laws to any military application, unless (i) such Party receives advance, written authorization from the other Party and (ii) such modification or diversion is done in compliance with all applicable Export Laws. Neither Party shall modify or divert the other Party’s commodities, technical data, software, goods and services (including products derived from or based on such technical data) subject to the Export Laws to any military application or other end- use prohibited by applicable Export Laws. 8.1.8 Willis represents that it is aware that all sales and distribution of IAE LLC’s Products, which include all tangible items and related software, technology or services (together “Products and Services”), may constitute an export, re-export, or retransfer of such Products and Services. Willis certifies that such sales and distribution will be conducted in accordance with applicable Export Laws, which may require prior approval and/or prohibit transactions with sanctioned countries/regions or designated parties/entities/individuals. Willis shall not sell, transfer, export, or re-export the Products and Services, or provide any warranty, repair, replacement, or guarantee services for end-use in Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia, and/or Syria. 8.1.9 The United States (“U.S.”) restricts the export, re-export, or transfer of certain U.S. controlled items under the U.S. Department Commerce Control List to military end-users and for certain military end-uses in IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 11 countries identified in 15 C.F.R. § 744.21 of the U.S. EAR, as amended from time to time. Additionally, the United States maintains an embargo, comprehensive sanctions or strict export controls for certain countries and regions that would likewise require a license for the export, re-export or transfer of certain items; including those countries and regions identified in country groups E:1 and E:2 of 15 C.F.R. Part 740 Supplement 1 of the EAR and as of the execution date of this Contract are Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria as well as those countries or regions identified in 15 C.F.R. §§ 746.6 or 746.8 of the EAR, the whole as amended from time to time. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Contract, Willis shall notify IAE LLC of any actual or proposed export, re-export, or transfer to (i) a known military end-user or for a known military end-use of the Engines or Products and Services by any country for which military end-use or military end-user restrictions apply, as detailed in 15 C.F.R. § 744.21 of the EAR, as amended from time to time; and/or (ii) Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria or any country or region identified in country groups E:1 and E:2 of 15 C.F.R. Part 740 Supplement 1 of the EAR or 15 C.F.R. §§ 746.6 or 746.8 of the EAR, as amended from time to time. Such notification shall be done in accordance with the Notices section of this Contract. Consistent with the requirement to abide by all applicable Export Laws, and for the avoidance of doubt, IAE LLC shall not be obligated to deliver, to support, or to perform in any way if it is determined by IAE LLC that (i) such delivery, support, or performance would be inconsistent with applicable Export Laws, including those referenced above; or (ii) the Engine or any Products and Services have been or will be used for an end use or by an end user described in this Section 7.1.9. 8.2 Governing Law and Forum 8.2.1 This Contract is governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the substantive laws of the State of New York, United States of America, without regard to principles of conflicts of law. The United Nations Convention of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods shall not apply. 8.2.2 [*] IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 12


 
8.2.3 [*] 8.2.4 Each Party will comply with all applicable United States of America laws, rules and regulations in exercising its rights and performing its obligations hereunder. 8.2.5 The Parties agree that all controversies, disputes, claims, differences or matters that arise from this Contract and any arbitration that arise thereof are subject to the provisions set forth in Section 9.4. IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 13 9. MISCELLANEOUS 9.1 Delay in Delivery 9.1.1 If IAE LLC is hindered or prevented from performing any obligation hereunder, including but not limited to delivering any Spare Engine by its Delivery Date by reason of: a. any cause beyond the reasonable control of IAE LLC, or b. fires, industrial disputes or introduction of essential modifications ((a) and (b) together, “Force Majeure”); the Delivery Date will be extended by a period equal to the period for which delivery was so hindered or prevented, and IAE LLC will have no liability whatsoever in respect of such delay. Notwithstanding the foregoing, If IAE LLC is hindered or prevented, or if IAE LLC determines that it will be hindered or prevented, from Delivering any Spare Engine to Willis due to Force Majeure for a period longer than the earlier to occur of (a) [*] after the Delivery Date set forth in Appendix 2, both Parties shall meet to discuss in good faith an extension of the applicable Delivery Date or another amendment to this Contract. If the Parties do not agree on such extension or amendment, then Willis shall be entitled to terminate its obligation to purchase the Spare Engine(s) affected by such Force Majeure Delay, with immediate effect and without judicial recourse, by giving IAE LLC a written notice of its intention to do so, without liability resulting from such Force Majeure Delay for either Party. 9.1.2 If, by reason of any of the causes set forth in Section 9.1.1 above, IAE LLC is hindered or prevented from delivering any goods (including any Spare Engines) to purchasers (including Willis), then IAE LLC shall have the right to allocate, in good faith and in its own discretion, such goods as they become available among all such purchasers and IAE LLC shall have no liability whatsoever to Willis for any delay in delivery resulting from such allocation. The Delivery Date will be extended by a period equal to the period of delay resulting from such allocation by IAE LLC. 9.1.3 If IAE LLC is hindered or prevented from Delivering any Spare Engine to Willis due to a reason other than Force Majeure for a period longer than of [*] after the Delivery Date set forth in Appendix 2, both Parties shall meet to discuss in good faith an extension of the applicable Delivery Date or another amendment to this Contract. If the Parties do not agree on such extension or amendment, then Willis shall be entitled to terminate its obligation, at its option, to purchase either (i) the Spare Engine(s) affected by such Inexcusable Delay, or (ii) any undelivered Spare Engine(s) IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 14 remaining under the Contract, with immediate effect and without judicial recourse, by giving IAE LLC a written notice of its intention to do so, without liability resulting from such Inexcusable Delay for either Party. 9.2 Patents 9.2.1 Subject to the conditions set forth in this Section 9.2 and as the sole liability of IAE LLC in respect of any claims for infringement of intellectual property rights, IAE LLC will indemnify Willis against any claims alleging that the use of the Spare Engines by Willis within any country subject to Article 27 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation of 7th December 1944 (The Chicago Convention) at the date of such claim infringes any patent, design, or model duly granted or registered. Notwithstanding the foregoing, IAE LLC will not incur any liability to Willis for any consequential damages or any loss of use of any Spare Engine or of the Aircraft on which a Spare Engine is installed arising directly or indirectly as a result of such claim. 9.2.2 Willis will promptly give IAE LLC written notice of any infringement claim whereupon IAE LLC will have the right in its sole discretion to assume the defense of, or dispose or settle such claim at its own expense. Willis will assist IAE LLC in all reasonable respects in connection with IAE LLC’s defense, disposition or settlement of such claim. Willis will not perform any act or omission that may directly or indirectly prejudice IAE LLC in connection with the matters set forth in this Section 9.2. 9.2.3 IAE LLC may, at its discretion, provide a substantially equivalent non- infringing Spare Engine of equal or greater value in substitution for any alleged infringing Spare Engine. 9.2.4 Section 9.2.1 will not apply to claims for infringement in respect of (i) any good manufactured to the specific design instructions of Willis; (ii) any good not designed, manufactured or supplied by IAE LLC (IAE LLC will in the event of any claim for infringement assign to Willis the benefits of any indemnity given to IAE LLC by the designer, manufacturer or supplier of such good to the extent IAE LLC has the right to do so); (iii) the manner or method in which any Spare Engine is installed on an Aircraft; or (iv) any combination of a Spare Engine with any other item or items other than an Aircraft. 9.3 Right of Setoff IAE LLC reserves its right to set off any credits issued to Willis under the Spare Engine Warranties against any of Willis‘s outstanding payment obligations to IAE LLC under this Contract or any other agreement solely between IAE LLC and Willis. IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 15 9.4 Non-Disclosure and Non-Use 9.4.1 Subject to Section 9.4.3 below, Willis agrees to not disclose to any third party (other than the Permitted Affiliates in connection with the potential or actual assignment of this Contract, together with Willis’s or such Permitted Affiliates’ employees, directors, officers, financiers and professional advisers, provided that each such person or entity has a need to know and further provided that each such person or entity is bound by non-disclosure requirements at least as restrictive as those contained herein) any Information that it acquires directly or indirectly from IAE LLC and agrees not to use the same other than for the purpose for which it was disclosed, or to the extent permitted under Section 9.4.5, without the written approval of IAE LLC. For purposes of this Section 9.4, “Information” includes but is not limited to all oral or written information, know-how, data, reports, drawings and specifications, and all provisions of this Contract. 9.4.2 Willis is responsible for the observance of the provisions of Section 9.4.1 above by its employees, professional advisers, and any parties to which Willis discloses Information in accordance herewith. 9.4.3 Section 9.4.1 above does not apply to information that is or becomes generally known in the aero engine industry nor prevent disclosure of Information solely to the extent necessary for Willis to lease, sell or maintain the Spare Engine (i.e. Spare Engine records). 9.4.4 Willis will obtain and maintain at all times all required authorizations, including without limitation all export licenses, import licenses, exchange permits and any other governmental authorizations required in connection with the transactions contemplated under this Contract. Willis will restrict disclosure of any and all Information in obtaining such licenses, permits, or authorizations. Willis will ship, deliver or otherwise convey, as applicable, the Spare Engines and Information only to those destinations permitted under such licenses, permits, or authorizations. 9.4.5 If Willis is required to disclose any Information through a valid governmental, judicial or regulatory agency order, including any applicable stock exchange rules, Willis will: (i) provide IAE LLC with prompt written notice of such requirement, together with a full and complete copy of such governmental, judicial or regulatory agency order, so that IAE LLC may seek a protective order or any other remedy, or waive compliance with the terms of this Contract to the extent necessary to allow Willis to comply with such governmental, judicial or regulatory agency order; and (ii) take all available actions to resist or narrow the required disclosure to only such Information as is specifically required to respond to such order, and to maintain the confidentiality of all such other undisclosed Information to the IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 16


 
fullest extent permitted by law. If Willis is required to disclose this Contract as a “material definitive agreement” under Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations, the Parties agree as follows, in each case, to the extent permitted by such regulations and any determination of the SEC: (i) in its 8-K filing, Willis will not disclose the Spare Engine models that are the subject of this Contract and will only disclose the extended list price of all of the Spare Engines, and (ii) with respect to the 10-Q filing that will attach this Contract, Willis will allow IAE LLC to provide, and will consider, its determination of what portions of the Contract can be redacted and filed separately with the SEC provided that such determination is provided in a timely manner. 9.5 Taxes 9.5.1 [*] 9.5.2 [*] 9.5.3 [*] 9 .6 Amendment This Contract may be amended only by written agreement by the Parties. 9.7 Assignment Willis may not assign this Contract or any of its obligations hereunder, whether in whole or part, without the prior written consent of IAE LLC. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Willis may, upon prior written notice to IAE LLC, assign this Contract or any of its obligations hereunder, whether in whole or part, to any Permitted Affiliate(s), without the prior written consent of IAE LLC. IAE LLC may, without recourse, assign this Contract or any of its rights and/or delegate any of its obligations hereunder (a) to any subsidiary or affiliate of IAE LLC or United Technologies Corporation, or (b) in connection with any merger, IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 17 consolidation, reorganization, or voluntary sale or transfer of its assets; provided that such assignee and/or delegate is: (i) solvent at the time of such transfer; and (ii) to the extent required by law, authorized by the applicable regulatory authorities to perform or procure the performance of all obligations being delegated and/or assigned. Any assignment made in violation of this Section 9.7 will be null and void. 9.8 Severability and Invalidity If any provision of this Contract or the application thereof to either Party is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable to any extent, the remainder of this Contract and the application thereof will not be affected and will be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. 9.9 Appendices In the event of any unresolved conflict or discrepancy between the Appendices (which are hereby expressly made a part of this Contract) and the terms contained within the body of this Contract, the terms contained within the body of this Contract will control. 9.10 Headings The Article or Section headings and the Table of Contents are for informational purposes only, do not form a part of this Contract, and shall not govern or affect the interpretation of this Contract. 9.11 Notices Except as expressly agreed in this Contract, all notices hereunder will be in English and sent by certified mail or recognized international carrier to: In the case of IAE LLC: International Aero Engines, LLC 400 Main Street Mail Stop [*] East Hartford, Connecticut 06118 United States of America Attention: Chief Legal Officer Email: [*] IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 18 In the case of Willis: Willis Lease Finance Corporation 4700 Lyons Technology Parkway Coconut Creek, FL 33073 Attention: Legal Department Email: [*] or in each case to such other address as may be notified from time to time by either Party in accordance with this Section 9.11. 9.12 Exclusion of Other Provisions and Previous Understandings 9.12.1 This Contract (including all Appendices) expresses the complete and exclusive agreement of the Parties relating to the subject matter hereof and applies to the exclusion of all other provisions on or attached to or otherwise forming part of any order form of Willis, or any acknowledgment or acceptance by IAE LLC, or of any other document relating to the subject matter hereof. 9.12.2 Neither Party has relied on any representations, agreements, statements or understandings made prior to the execution of this Contract, whether orally or in writing, relating to the subject matter hereof, other than those expressly incorporated in this Contract. This Contract represents the entire agreement between the Parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior representations, agreements, statements and understandings. 9.13 No Construction Against Drafter This Contract has been the subject of negotiation between the Parties. If an ambiguity or question of intent arises with respect to any provision herein, this Contract will be construed as if drafted jointly by IAE LLC and Willis and no presumption or burden of proof will arise favoring or disfavoring either Party by virtue of authorship of any of the provisions of this Contract. 9.14 Technical Training IAE LLC will credit Willis’s account with the IAE-designated customer training center in East Hartford, Connecticut (“CTC”), at no charge, an amount equal to [*] Student-Days of technical training for each Spare Engine Delivered (the “Training Credits”). The Training Credits may be used towards any PW1100/1500- related training courses detailed in CTC’s training catalog. As used herein, “Student-Days” equals the number of students multiplied by the number of class days. All training credits provided under this Section 9.14 must be taken IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 19 within [*] after delivery of the last Spare Engine. Additionally, any remaining training credits related to the previous purchase of PW1100 engines can also be used for PW1100/1500 related training at Willis’ option. 9.15 International Registry IAE LLC acknowledges and agrees that it will cooperate with Willis in order to register the Warranty Bill of Sale for each Spare Engine delivered under this Contract as a Contract of Sale on the International Registry within forty-eight (48) hours following the transfer of title of each Spare Engine. 9.16 Acceptance, Execution and Enforceability This Contract is available for the Parties’ consideration until [*]. If the foregoing is acceptable to Willis, please indicate such acceptance by having an authorized official of Willis sign in the designated space below and return via email to [*]. After acceptance by IAE LLC, IAE LLC will return an electronic copy of the fully executed Contract to Willis, with one (1) fully executed duplicate original to Willis’ address listed in Section 9.11. The Parties agree that facsimile, electronic, or PDF signatures will be deemed to be of the same force and effect as documents signed with a wet ink signature. 9.16 The price allocable hereunder to any goods or services alleged to be the cause of any loss or damage to Willis will be the total ceiling limit on the liability of IAE LLC, its majority member, and their respective subsidiaries or affiliates, whether founded in statute, contract, tort (including negligence), or strict liability, or any other theory, arising out of or resulting from: (a) this Contract or the performance hereunder or breach hereof; or (b) the design, manufacture, delivery, sale, furnishing, replacement, or use of any goods or maintenance services sold by IAE LLC. In no event will IAE LLC, its majority member, and their respective subsidiaries or affiliates, have any liability for any indirect, incidental, special, consequential, or punitive damages. This Contract may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which will be considered an original but all of which together constitute one and the same instrument. Upon mutual execution, this document will become an enforceable contract. [signatures follow] IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 20


 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Contract to be duly executed as of the date first entered above and deem that it is executed in the State of Connecticut. INTERNATIONAL AERO ENGINES, LLC By : / s / Er in L . McGar ry Name: Erin L. McGarry Tit le: Sr. Director, Global Leasing and Cargo WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION, FOR ITSELF AND AS SERVICER By : / s / Br ian R. Ho le Name: Brian R. Hole Tit le: President IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 21 APPENDIX 1 PW1133G-JM TURBOFAN ENGINE MODEL SPECIFICATION [*] IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 22 APPENDIX 2 PW1133G-JM SPARE ENGINE DELIVERY SCHEDULE AND PURCHASE PRICE SPARE ENGINE RANK DELIVERY DATE SPARE ENGINE PURCHASE PRICE 1 December 2024 US$[*] 2 December 2024 US$[*] 3 December 2024 US$[*] 4 December 2024 US$[*] 5 December 2024 US$[*] 6 December 2024 US$[*] 7 December 2024 US$[*] 8 December 2024 US$[*] 9 December 2024 US$[*] IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 23 APPENDIX 3 PW1100G-JM ENGINE AND PARTS SERVICE POLICY [*] IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 24


 
APPENDIX 4 RESERVED IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 25 APPENDIX 5 QEC KIT [*] IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 33 APPENDIX 6 RESERVED IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 34 APPENDIX 7 FORM OF SPARE ENGINE WARRANTY BILL OF SALE International Aero Engines, LLC (“IAE LLC”), a limited liability company organized and existing under the laws of Delaware and having an office and place of business at 400 Main Street, East Hartford, Connecticut 06118, United States of America (“Seller”), is the owner of the full legal and beneficial title to the following equipment (collectively, the “Engine”): 1. One IAE LLC model PW1133G-JM spare engine bearing manufacturer’s serial number _________________ in non-QEC, bare engine configuration; 2. One new IAE LLC-approved engine moisture and vapour proof storage bag; 3. One new IAE LLC-approved engine transportation stand model number cradle ___________________ with _______________ base; 4. All appliances, parts, instruments, appurtenances, accessories, furnishings or other equipment or property installed in or attached to the Engine, to which Seller holds title; and 5. All records applicable to such Engine. For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, Seller does hereby sell, grant, transfer, deliver and set over to _______________ , a _________________ organized and existing under the laws of ________________ , with a place of business at __________________ (“Buyer”) and its successors and assignees forever all right, title and interest in and to the Engine, to have and to hold the Engine for its and their use forever. This Warranty Bill of Sale is made and delivered pursuant to the provisions of the Contract to Purchase PW1133G-JM Spare Engines between Seller and Willis Lease Finance Corporation (for itself and as Servicer) dated December __, 2024, and shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Seller has caused this Warranty Bill of Sale to be executed and delivered as of this _______________ day of ________________ , 20______. INTERNATIONAL AERO ENGINES, LLC By: Name: Title: IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 35


 
APPENDIX 8 LIST OF [*] [*] IAE LLC Proprietary - Subject to the Restrictions on the Front Page Willis PW1100G-JM Spare NEB (2024.12.16) Execution Version.docx Page 36


 
EX-19.1 7 exhibit191insidertradingpo.htm EX-19.1 Document




Exhibit 19.1
WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION

INSIDER TRADING POLICY

The following is the insider trading policy of Willis Lease Finance Corporation (the “Company”) and outlines the procedures that all Company personnel must follow. This policy and procedure arises from our responsibilities as a public company. Failure to comply with these procedures could result in a serious violation of the securities laws by you and/or the Company and can involve both civil and criminal penalties. It is important that you review our policy carefully. The insider trading policy provides as follows:

Definition of Insider: Reason for Policy

An “insider” is a person who possesses, or has access to, material information concerning the Company that has not been fully disclosed to the public (see below for a definition of “material information”). Insiders may be subject to criminal prosecution and/or civil liability for trading (purchase or sale) in the Company stock when they know material information concerning the Company that has not been fully disclosed to the public. Criminal prosecution for insider trading can and often does result in prison sentences for the violator. Civil actions may be brought by private plaintiffs or the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”); the SEC is authorized by statute to seek a penalty in such actions of the profits made or losses avoided by the violator. Finally, in addition to the potential criminal and civil liabilities mentioned above, in certain circumstances the Company may be able to recover all profits made by an insider, plus collect other damages.

Insider trading proscriptions are not limited to trading by the insider alone; it is also illegal to advise others to trade on the basis of undisclosed material information. Liability in such cases can extend both to the “tippee” – the person to whom the insider disclosed inside information - and to the “tipper,” the insider himself.

Finally, insider trading can cause a substantial loss of confidence in the Company and its stock on the part of the public and the securities markets. This could obviously have an adverse impact on the Company and its shareholders.

Applicability of Policy

This policy applies to all transactions in the Company stock by “insiders.” As a rule of thumb insiders are (1) members of the Board of Directors and officers of the Company, and (2) any employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, who know material information regarding the Company that has not been fully disclosed to the public. This policy also applies to the immediate families (defined as direct family living in the same household) of such insiders. A person can be an insider for a limited time with respect to certain material information even though he or she is not an officer or director. For example, a secretary who knows that a significant contract or order has just been received may be an insider with respect to that information until the news has been fully disclosed to the public.

Definition of Full Disclosure

Full disclosure to the public generally means a press release followed by publication in the print media, typically The Wall Street Journal. A speech to an audience, a TV or radio appearance or an article in an obscure magazine do not qualify as full disclosure. Full disclosure means that the securities markets have had the opportunity to digest the news. Generally, two to three business days following publication in The Wall Street Journal (or release to national wire services) is regarded as sufficient for dissemination and interpretation of material information.

Definition of Material Information

It is not possible to define all categories of material information. In general, information should be regarded as material if there is a likelihood that it would be considered important by an investor in making a decision regarding the purchase or sale of the Company stock. While it may be difficult under this standard to determine whether certain information is material, there are various categories of information that would almost always be regarded as material, such as information covering major contract approvals or rejections, major corporate partnering transactions, proposed acquisitions, unanticipated changes in the level of sales, orders or expenses, earnings announcements, significant pricing changes, proposed commencement or changes in dividends, planned stock splits, new equity or debt offerings, significant litigation developments, top management changes and similar matters. If any insider has questions as to the materiality of information, he or she should contact the General Counsel for clarification.







Further, any officer, director or employee who believes he or she would be regarded as an insider who is contemplating a transaction in the Company stock and who is unsure of the applicability of this policy must contact the General Counsel prior to executing the transaction to determine if he or she may properly proceed. Officers and directors should be particularly careful, since avoiding the appearance of engaging in stock transactions on the basis of material undisclosed information can be as important as avoiding a transaction actually based on such information.

Any employee who has access to inside information on a regular basis (for example, receipt of monthly financial highlights) is well advised to utilize the same trading window defined below for officers and directors. Such an employee must check with the General Counsel before initiating a transaction in the Company stock.

Almost No Exceptions

There are almost no exceptions to the prohibition against insider trading. For example, it does not matter that the transactions in question may have been planned or committed to before the insider came into possession of the undisclosed material information, regardless of the economic loss that the person may believe he or she might suffer as a consequence of not trading.

As noted above, this policy applies to the immediate families of insiders. Although immediate family is narrowly defined, an employee should be especially careful with respect to family or to unrelated persons living in the same household.

Finally, remember that there are no limits on the size of a transaction that will trigger insider trading liability; relatively small trades have in the past occasioned SEC investigations and lawsuits.

Specific Procedures

1.Any officer, director, employee or other person associated with the Company who knows of any “material information” (see the definition above) concerning the Company that has not been disclosed to the public must refrain from trading (purchase or sale), and must refrain from advising others to trade, in the Company stock until the third business day after public disclosure of such information is made.

2.Any officer, director or employee who knows of any material information concerning the Company that has not been disclosed to the public must report such information promptly to the General Counsel.

3.Officers and directors may engage in a transaction (purchase or sale) in the Company stock only during the period commencing on the third business day after the day on which the Company’s financial results for any particular fiscal period has been released to the national wire services and ending thirty (30) calendar days later. The “window period” may be closed early or entirely if, in the judgment of the Company’s President, Chief Financial Officer or General Counsel, there exists undisclosed information that would make trading by officers or directors inappropriate.

4.Even within the “window period,” officers and directors who desire to buy or sell Company stock must consult in advance with the General Counsel to confirm that there is no undisclosed information that would make such a trade inappropriate.

5.Employees (other than officers and directors) may engage in a transaction (purchase or sale) in the Company stock at any time except between the date on which any material information that has not been disclosed to the public is in the possession of the employee and the close of business on the day after the day such information is publicly disclosed.

6.The only exceptions to the policy are set forth below. It does not matter that the “insider” may have decided to engage in a transaction before learning of the undisclosed material information or that delaying the transaction might result in economic loss. It is also irrelevant that publicly disclosed information about the Company might, even aside from the undisclosed material information, provide a substantial basis for engaging in the transaction. Officers, directors and employees simply cannot trade in the Company stock while in possession of undisclosed material information about the Company. The only exceptions to the policy are as follows:

a.Exercise of a stock option under the Company’s 1996 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan or Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Note that this exception does not include a subsequent sale of the shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of the option under such plans.

b.Non-employee directed purchases under the Company’s 401(k) Plan, if applicable.







c.Any transaction specifically approved in writing in advance by the General Counsel.

Violation of the laws against insider trading can result in both civil and criminal penalties and may result in termination of your employment by the Company. Therefore, please review the attached information carefully. If you have any questions, please contact the General Counsel.

EX-21.1 8 exhibit211subsidiariesofth.htm EX-21.1 Document

Exhibit 21.1
WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARIES

List of Subsidiaries

Subsidiary State or Jurisdiction of Incorporation
Bridgend Asset Management Limited United Kingdom
Coconut Creek Aviation Assets LLC Delaware
Facility Engine Acquisition LLC Delaware
WEST Engine Acquisition LLC Delaware
WEST Engine Funding LLC Delaware
WEST III Engines (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland
WEST III France France
WEST IV Engines (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland
WEST IV France France
WEST V Engines (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland
WEST V France France
WEST VI Assets Corporation Delaware
WEST VI Engines (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland
Willis Aeronautical Services, Inc. Delaware
Willis Asset Management Limited United Kingdom
Willis Aviation Finance LLC Delaware
Willis Aviation Services Limited United Kingdom
Willis Engine Structured Trust III Delaware
Willis Engine Structured Trust IV Delaware
Willis Engine Structured Trust V Delaware
Willis Engine Structured Trust VI Delaware
Willis Engine Structured Trust VII Delaware
Willis Global Engine Testing LLC Delaware
Willis Lease (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland
Willis Lease Finance (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland
Willis Lease Finance India IFSC Private Limited India
Willis Lease France France
Willis Lease Marine LLC Cayman Islands
Willis Lease Singapore Pte. Ltd. Singapore
Willis Sustainable Fuels (UK) Limited United Kingdom
Willis Warehouse Facility LLC Delaware
WLFC (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland
WLFC Funding (Ireland) Limited Rep. of Ireland

EX-23.1 9 exhibit231consentofgrantth.htm EX-23.1 Document

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We have issued our reports dated March 11, 2025, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting included in the Annual Report of Willis Lease Finance Corporation on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said reports in the Registration Statements of Willis Lease Finance Corporation on Forms S-8 (File No. 333-277969, File No. 333-263530, File No. 333-226695, File No. 333-221463, File No. 333-219572, File No. 333-170049, File No. 333-142914 and File No. 333-118127).

/s/ Grant Thornton LLP
Cincinnati, Ohio
March 11, 2025


EX-31.1 10 exhibit311-2024.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Austin C. Willis, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Willis Lease Finance Corporation;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 11, 2025 /s/ Austin C. Willis
Austin C. Willis
Chief Executive Officer and Director

EX-32 11 exhibit32-2024.htm EX-32 Document

Exhibit 32
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Each of the undersigned hereby certifies, in his or her capacity as an officer of Willis Lease Finance Corporation (the “Company”), for purposes of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his or her knowledge:
•the Annual Report of the Company on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
•the information contained in such report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operation of the Company.
Date:
March 11, 2025
/s/ Austin C. Willis
Austin C. Willis
Chief Executive Officer and Director
/s/ Scott B. Flaherty
Scott B. Flaherty
Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.2 12 exhibit312-2024.htm EX-32.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Scott B. Flaherty, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Willis Lease Finance Corporation;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 11, 2025 /s/ Scott B. Flaherty
Scott B. Flaherty
Chief Financial Officer

EX-97.1 13 exhibit971compensationreco.htm EX-97.1 Document



Exhibit 97.1
WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION

COMPENSATION RECOVERY POLICY

(Adopted and approved on October 25, 2023 and effective as of October 2, 2023)

1.Purpose

Willis Lease Finance Corporation (collectively with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is committed to promoting high standards of honest and ethical business conduct and compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. As part of this commitment, the Company has adopted this Compensation Recovery Policy (this “Policy”). This Policy is designed to comply with Section 10D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and explains when the Company will be required to seek recovery of Incentive Compensation awarded or paid to a Covered Person. Please refer to Exhibit A attached hereto (the “Definitions Exhibit”) for the definitions of capitalized terms used throughout this Policy.

2.Miscalculation of Financial Reporting Measure Results

In the event of a Restatement, the Company will seek to recover, reasonably promptly, all Recoverable Incentive Compensation from a Covered Person. Such recovery, in the case of a Restatement, will be made without regard to any individual knowledge or responsibility related to the Restatement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company is required to undertake a Restatement, the Company will not be required to recover the Recoverable Incentive Compensation if the Compensation Committee determines it Impracticable to do so, after exercising a normal due process review of all the relevant facts and circumstances.

If such Recoverable Incentive Compensation was not awarded or paid on a formulaic basis, the Company will seek to recover the amount that the Compensation Committee determines in good faith should be recouped.

3.Other Actions

The Compensation Committee may, subject to applicable law, seek recovery in the manner it chooses, including by seeking reimbursement from the Covered Person of all or part of the compensation awarded or paid, by electing to withhold unpaid compensation, by set-off, or by rescinding or canceling unvested stock.

In the reasonable exercise of its business judgment under this Policy, the Compensation Committee may in its sole discretion determine whether and to what extent additional action is appropriate to address the circumstances surrounding a Restatement to minimize the likelihood of any recurrence and to impose such other discipline as it deems appropriate.

4.No Indemnification or Reimbursement

Notwithstanding the terms of any other policy, program, agreement or arrangement, in no event will the Company or any of its affiliates indemnify or reimburse a Covered Person for any loss under this Policy and in no event will the Company or any of its affiliates pay premiums on any insurance policy that would cover a Covered Person’s potential obligations with respect to Recoverable Incentive Compensation under this Policy.

5.Administration of Policy

The Compensation Committee will have full authority to administer this Policy. The Compensation Committee will, subject to the provisions of this Policy and Rule 10D-1 of the Exchange Act, and the Company’s applicable exchange listing standards, make such determinations and interpretations and take such actions in connection with this Policy as it deems necessary, appropriate or advisable. All determinations and interpretations made by the Compensation Committee will be final, binding and conclusive.

6.Other Claims and Rights

The remedies under this Policy are in addition to, and not in lieu of, any legal and equitable claims the Company or any of its affiliates may have or any actions that may be imposed by law enforcement agencies, regulators, administrative bodies, or other authorities. Further, the exercise by the Compensation Committee of any rights pursuant to this Policy will not impact any other rights that the Company or any of its affiliates may have with respect to any Covered Person subject to this Policy.






7.Acknowledgement by Covered Persons; Condition to Eligibility for Incentive Compensation

The Company will provide notice and seek acknowledgement of this Policy, in substantially the form included as Exhibit B attached hereto, from each Covered Person, provided that the failure to provide such notice or obtain such acknowledgement will have no impact on the applicability or enforceability of this Policy. After the Effective Date, the Company must be in receipt of a Covered Person's acknowledgement as a condition to such Covered Person’s eligibility to receive Incentive Compensation. All Incentive Compensation subject to this Policy will not be earned, even if already paid, until the Policy ceases to apply to such Incentive Compensation and any other vesting conditions applicable to such Incentive Compensation are satisfied.

8.Amendment; Termination

The Board or the Compensation Committee may amend or terminate this Policy at any time.

9.Effectiveness

Except as otherwise determined in writing by the Compensation Committee, this Policy will apply to any Incentive Compensation that is Received by a Covered Person on or after the Effective Date. This Policy will survive and continue notwithstanding any termination of a Covered Person’s employment with the Company and its affiliates.

10.Successors

This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Covered Persons and their successors, beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators, or other legal representatives.







































Exhibit A

WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION

COMPENSATION RECOVERY POLICY

DEFINITIONS EXHIBIT

“Applicable Period” means the three completed fiscal years of the Company immediately preceding the earlier of (i) the date the Board, a committee of the Board, or the officer or officers of the Company authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, concludes (or reasonably should have concluded) that a Restatement is required or (ii) the date a court, regulator, or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare a Restatement. The “Applicable Period” also includes any transition period (that results from a change in the Company’s fiscal year) within or immediately following the three completed fiscal years identified in the preceding sentence.

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

“Compensation Committee” means the Company’s committee of independent directors responsible for executive compensation decisions, or in the absence of such a committee, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board.

“Covered Person” means any person who is, or was at any time, during the Applicable Period, an Executive Officer of the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, a Covered Person may include a former Executive Officer that left the Company, retired, or transitioned to an employee role (including after serving as an Executive Officer in an interim capacity) during the Applicable Period.

"Effective Date” means October 2, 2023.

“Executive Officer” means the Company’s president, principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or if there is no such accounting officer, the controller), any vice-president in charge of a principal business unit, division, or function (such as sales, administration, or finance), any other officer who performs a policy-making function, or any other person (including an officer of the Company’s parent(s) or subsidiaries) who performs similar policy-making functions for the Company.

“Financial Reporting Measure” means a measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements (including, but not limited to, “non-GAAP” financial measures, such as those appearing in the Company’s earnings releases or Management Discussion and Analysis), and any measure that is derived wholly or in part from such measure. Stock price and total shareholder return (and any measures derived wholly or in part therefrom) shall be considered Financial Reporting Measures.

“Impracticable.” The Compensation Committee may determine in good faith that recovery of Recoverable Incentive Compensation is “Impracticable” if: (i) pursuing such recovery would violate home country law of the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company where that law was adopted prior to November 28, 2022 and the Company provides an opinion of home country counsel to that effect acceptable to the Company’s applicable listing exchange; (ii) the direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing this Policy would exceed the Recoverable Incentive Compensation and the Company has (A) made a reasonable attempt to recover such amounts and (B) provided documentation of such attempts to recover to the Company’s applicable listing exchange; or (iii) recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of Section 401(a)(13) or Section 411(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Incentive Compensation” means any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure. Incentive Compensation does not include any base salaries (except with respect to any salary increases earned wholly or in part based on the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure performance goal); bonuses paid solely at the discretion of the Compensation Committee or Board that are not paid from a “bonus pool” that is determined by satisfying a Financial Reporting Measure performance goal; bonuses paid solely upon satisfying one or more subjective standards and/or completion of a specified employment period; non-equity incentive plan awards earned solely upon satisfying one or more strategic measures or operational measures; and equity awards that vest solely based on the passage of time and/or attaining one or more non-Financial Reporting Measures.






“Received.” Incentive Compensation is deemed “Received” in the Company’s fiscal period during which the Financial Reporting Measure specified in the Incentive Compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of the Incentive Compensation occurs after the end of that period.

“Recoverable Incentive Compensation” means the amount of any Incentive Compensation (calculated on a pre-tax basis) Received by a Covered Person during the Applicable Period that is in excess of the amount that otherwise would have been Received if the calculation were based on the Restatement. For the avoidance of doubt, Recoverable Incentive Compensation does not include any Incentive Compensation Received by a person (i) before such person began service in a position or capacity meeting the definition of an Executive Officer, (ii) who did not serve as an Executive Officer at any time during the performance period for that Incentive Compensation, or (iii) during any period the Company did not have a class of its securities listed on a national securities exchange or a national securities association. For Incentive Compensation based on (or derived from) stock price or total shareholder return where the amount of Recoverable Incentive Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in the applicable Restatement, the amount will be determined by the Compensation Committee based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Restatement on the stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Incentive Compensation was Received (in which case, the Company will maintain documentation of such determination of that reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to the Company’s applicable listing exchange).

“Restatement” means an accounting restatement of any of the Company’s financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Exchange Act, or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, due to the Company’s material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under U.S. securities laws, regardless of whether the Company or Covered Person misconduct was the cause for such restatement. “Restatement” includes any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements (commonly referred to as “Big R” restatements), or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period (commonly referred to as “little r” restatements).








































Exhibit B

WILLIS LEASE FINANCE CORPORATION

COMPENSATION RECOVERY POLICY

ACKNOWLEDGMENT


By signing below, the undersigned acknowledges that they have read and understood, and they agree to be subject to the terms of, the Willis Lease Finance Corporation Compensation Recovery Policy.


Date: _______________________        Signature: ____________________________________


Printed Name: _________________________________