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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 8-K

 

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): June 10, 2025

 

 

Identiv, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

Delaware

000-29440

77-0444317

(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation)

(Commission File Number)

(IRS Employer
Identification No.)

 

 

 

 

 

1900-B Carnegie Avenue

 

Santa Ana, California

 

92705

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 

(Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (657) 356-8384

 

 

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
☐Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
☐Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
☐Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class

 

Trading
Symbol(s)

 


Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share

 

INVE

 

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

 


 

 

Item 5.02 Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.

 

As previously disclosed, on April 9, 2025, each of Gary Kremen, Richard Kuntz, Mick Lopez, and Kirsten Newquist tendered their resignation from their current Class I or Class III directorship, as applicable, effective immediately prior to the 2026 annual meeting of stockholders (the “2026 Annual Meeting”) of Identiv, Inc. (the “Company”). Further, each of Laura Angelini and James Ousley tendered their resignation from their then current Class II directorship, effective immediately prior to the Company’s 2025 annual meeting of stockholders held on June 10, 2025 (the “2025 Annual Meeting”).

 

These resignations were conditioned upon (i) stockholder approval of an amendment to the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), to declassify the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) (the “Declassification Amendment”) at the 2025 Annual Meeting and (ii) the subsequent filing and effectiveness of the Declassification Amendment. As disclosed below, the stockholders of the Company approved the Declassification Amendment at the 2025 Annual Meeting, which became effective on June 10, 2025. Accordingly, the classified structure of the Board will terminate at the 2026 Annual Meeting, and at such meeting and at each annual meeting of stockholders thereafter, all directors will stand for election for one-year terms.

 

In addition, as previously disclosed, the Board approved an amendment to the Company’s corporate governance guidelines to provide that if a majority of the votes cast for a director are marked “against” or “withheld” in an uncontested election, the director must promptly tender his or her irrevocable resignation for the Board’s consideration. The amended guidelines further provide that the Board shall nominate or elect as a director only persons who have agreed to tender, promptly following his or her election or re-election to the Board, an irrevocable resignation that will be effective if (i) a majority of the votes cast for the director are marked “against” or “withheld” at the next annual meeting at which the nominee faces re-election and (ii) the Board accepts such resignation. The Company has previously received such irrevocable, conditional resignations from each of Ms. Angelini, Dr. Kuntz, Mr. Lopez, Ms. Newquist, and Mr. Ousley. Mr. Kremen previously tendered his resignation from the Board effective immediately prior to the 2026 Annual Meeting.

 

Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.

 

The information contained in Item 5.02 is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.03.

 

Restated Certificate of Incorporation

 

At the 2025 Annual Meeting, the Company’s stockholders approved, among other things, (i) the Declassification Amendment and (ii) an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation to provide for the exculpation of certain of the Company’s officers from liability in specific circumstances, as permitted by Delaware law, and make other non-substantive, ministerial changes (the “Officer Exculpation Amendment,” and together with the Declassification Amendment, the “Amendments”).

 

Following stockholder approval at the 2025 Annual Meeting, on June 10, 2025, the Company filed certificates of amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the Amendments, which became effective upon filing. Following such filings, also on June 10, 2025, the Company filed a restated certificate of incorporation (the “Restated Certificate of Incorporation”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to integrate all prior amendments and restate the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation in its entirety.

 

The foregoing description of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.

 

Amended and Restated Bylaws

 

In connection with the Declassification Amendment, the Board previously approved and adopted new bylaws, which amended and restated the Company’s bylaws in their entirety (the “Amended and Restated Bylaws”), with such adoption contingent upon the approval and effectiveness of the Declassification Amendment. The Amended and Restated Bylaws became effective on June 10, 2025, concurrently with the effectiveness of the Declassification Amendment.

 

The Amended and Restated Bylaws contain conforming changes to implement the declassification of the Board and contain certain other provisions to modernize and clarify the Company’s corporate governance practices, including to:

 


 

Revise certain procedural mechanics and disclosure requirements in connection with stockholder nominations of directors and submissions of proposals regarding other business at stockholder meetings (other than proposals to be included in the Company’s proxy materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)), including to, among other things:
o
add provisions relating to the “universal proxy” rules adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act (“Rule 14a-19”), including notice and solicitation requirements;
o
require that stockholders who solicit proxies with respect to nominees for director must comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19, and that failure by a stockholder who solicits proxies for their own director nominees to comply with Rule 14a-19 will result in their nominees being ineligible for election to the Board;
o
require additional background information and disclosures regarding proposing stockholders, including both record holders and beneficial owners, and any of their respective affiliates, proposed director nominees and the business to be brought before the meeting, and any other persons involved in or related to the stockholder’s solicitation of proxies;
o
provide that stockholders submitting a nomination or proposing shall further update and supplement the information contained in such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the later of the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation (i) not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and (ii) not later than eight (8) business days prior to the later of the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed); and
o
require that a stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders use a proxy card color other than white.
Revise the advance notice windows for nominations and other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder to not earlier than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day nor later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the ninetieth (90th) day before the anniversary of the date the Company’s proxy statement was first released to stockholders in connection with the previous year’s annual meeting of stockholders.
Increase the quorum requirement for stockholder meetings from one-third to a majority of the voting power of the capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy.
Add procedural parameters relating to stockholder-requested special meetings, including to:
o
require disclosure of the requesting stockholder’s record and beneficial ownership;
o
require identification of the business to be acted upon at the meeting, including any director nominations;
o
permit the Company to request nominee questionnaires regarding background, qualifications, stock ownership, and independence;
o
permit the Board to fix a record date to determine the stockholders entitled to submit written requests to call a special meeting; and
o
limit the business at such meetings to the matters specified in the stockholder’s request and any additional matters determined by the Board.
Revise director removal provisions to allow removal with or without cause as provided in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, consistent with the declassification of the Board.
Provide that any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors or any vacancies in the Board resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal from office or other cause shall be filled as provided in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, except as otherwise provided by applicable law, and subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock then outstanding.
Provide that a majority of the directors then in office (excluding vacancies), but in no case less than one-third of total authorized directorships, shall constitute quorum for meetings of the Board.
Expand the authority that may be delegated to Board committees and provide that the Board may designate such committees by resolution.

 


 

Provide the chairperson of a meeting of stockholders with authority to adjourn such meeting, whether or not a quorum is present.
Permit electronic delivery of stockholder communications.
Revise indemnification and advancement provisions, including to:
o
limit mandatory coverage to current and former directors and Board-elected officers;
o
require undertakings for advancement of expenses in all cases; and
o
include a “fees-on-fees” clause for successful enforcement actions, providing for reimbursement of expenses incurred to enforce indemnification rights.
Include a forum selection provision which provides that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, (a) the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought in the name or right of the Company or on its behalf; (ii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim for breach of any fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, employee, agent, or stockholder of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders; (iii) any action or proceeding arising or asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or any provision of the certificate of incorporation of the Company, any issuance of preferred stock of the corporation, or the bylaws of the Company; (iv) any action or proceeding to interpret, apply, enforce, or determine the validity of the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws of the Company; or (v) any action or proceeding asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine and (b) the U.S. federal district courts shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933.

 

The Amended and Restated Bylaws also incorporate various other non-material updates and technical, modernizing, clarifying and conforming changes. The foregoing description of the Amended and Restated Bylaws is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Amended and Restated Bylaws, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 3.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 5.07 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

On June 10, 2025, the Company held its 2025 Annual Meeting. The final results for each of the matters submitted to the stockholders at the 2025 Annual Meeting are as follows:

1. The Declassification Amendment was approved. The votes were as follows:

For

Against

Abstain

Broker Non-Votes

14,902,232

1,585,243

5,750

3,915,680

 

2. The following Class II director nominees were elected to each serve for a one-year term expiring at the 2026 Annual Meeting, to hold office until their respective successors have been elected and qualified, or upon their earlier death, resignation or removal. The votes were as follows:

For

 Withheld

 Broker Non-Votes

Laura Angelini

12,310,402

4,182,823

3,915,680

James E. Ousley

11,100,798

5,392,427

3,915,680

 

3. The Officer Exculpation Amendment was approved. The votes were as follows:

For

Against

Abstain

Broker Non-Votes

13,165,695

3,317,204

10,326

3,915,680

4. The compensation of the Company’s named executive officers was approved, on a non-binding advisory basis. The votes were as follows:

For

Against

Abstain

Broker Non-Votes

10,344,097

4,741,144

1,407,984

3,915,680

 

 


 

5. The appointment of BPM LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 was ratified. The votes were as follows:

For

Against

Abstain

20,320,846

80,672

7,387

Item 8.01 Other Events.

As a result of the adoption of the Amended and Restated Bylaws, in order to be considered at the 2026 Annual Meeting, a stockholder’s nomination or proposal of other business must be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Company’s Secretary at the Company’s principal executive offices not earlier than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on December 31, 2025 nor later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on January 30, 2026. This is a change from the deadlines contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

 

(d) Exhibits.

 

Exhibit No.

Description

3.1

Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Identiv, Inc.

3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Identiv, Inc., as amended June 10, 2025.

104

Cover page Interactive data file (embedded within the inline XBRL document).

 

 

 


 

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Identiv, Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

June 13, 2025

By:

 

  /s/ Justin Scarpulla

Justin Scarpulla

Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


EX-3.1 2 inve-ex3_1.htm EX-3.1 EX-3.1

Exhibit 3.1

RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

IDENTIV, INC.

(Originally incorporated on December 13, 1996
under the name SCM Microsystems, Inc.)

I.

The name of this corporation is Identiv, Inc. (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “Corporation”).

II.

The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is Incorporating Services, Ltd., 3500 S. DuPont Highway, in the City of Dover County of Kent (19901). The name of the registered agent at that address is Incorporating Services, Ltd.

III.

The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law of Delaware.

IV.

The Corporation is authorized to issue two classes of shares, designated “Preferred Stock” and “Common Stock.” The total number of shares which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 60,000,000 of which 50,000,000 shares shall be Common Stock at $0.001 par value per share and 10,000,000 shares shall be Preferred Stock at $0.001 par value per share.

Shares of Preferred Stock authorized by this Certificate of Incorporation may be issued from time to time in one or more series. For any wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock, the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) is authorized to fix or alter the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted to or imposed upon wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock, and the number of shares constituting any such series and the designation thereof, or any of them.

For any series of Preferred Stock having issued and outstanding shares, the Board of Directors is also authorized to decrease the number of shares of any series of Preferred Stock prior or subsequent to the issuance of that series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding. In case the number of shares of any series shall be so decreased, the shares constituting such decrease shall resume the status of undesignated Preferred Stock.

Pursuant to the authority conferred by this Article IV, the following series of Preferred Stock has been designated, each such series consisting of such number of shares, with such designation and such rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions as are stated and expressed in Exhibit A attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference:


 

Exhibit A: Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock

V.

The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred upon them by statute or by this Certificate of Incorporation or the bylaws of the Corporation, the Board of Directors are hereby empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation. Election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the bylaws so provide.

VI.

The Board of Directors is authorized to make, adopt, amend; alter or repeal the bylaws of the Corporation. The stockholders shall also have power to make, adopt, amend, alter or repeal the bylaws of the Corporation.

VII.

To the fullest extent permitted by law, no director or officer (as such term is used in Section 102(b)(7) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, as amended from time to time) of the Corporation shall be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, as applicable.

If the General Corporation Law of Delaware is hereafter amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director or officer, then the liability of a director or officer of the Corporation, without any further corporate action on the part of the Corporation, shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of Delaware, as so amended.

Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article VII by the stockholders of the Corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director or officer of the Corporation existing at the time of such repeal or modification.

VIII.

The stockholders of the Corporation may not take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting but must take any such action at a duly called annual or special meeting.

IX.

Subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock to elect additional directors under certain circumstances:


 

1.
The number of directors which constitute the entire Board of Directors shall be as specified in the bylaws of the Corporation.
2.
The Board of Directors shall be divided into three classes as nearly equal in size as is practicable, hereby designated Class I, Class II and Class III.
3.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, directors elected at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2025 and at each annual meeting of stockholders thereafter shall serve for terms expiring at the next annual meeting of stockholders following their election and shall hold office until their respective successors have been elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation, removal or death.
4.
For the avoidance of doubt, effective as of the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2026 (or the first annual meeting of stockholders thereafter at which all directors elected by stockholders generally are elected for a one-year term expiring at the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders), the division of the Board of Directors into classes shall terminate.

Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding with respect to any directors elected by the holders of such series, (i) any director serving in a class of directors elected for a term expiring at the third annual meeting of stockholders following the election of such class shall be removable only for cause, and all other directors shall be removable either with or without cause, and (ii) the removal of any director, whether with or without cause, shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class.

Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, and subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, vacancies occurring on the Board of Directors for any reason and newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director, and any director so chosen shall serve for a term expiring at the next election of directors and hold office until his or her successor has been elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation, removal or death.

X.

(i) Any merger or combination between the Corporation and an entity or person owning, directly or indirectly, 10% of the Corporation’s shares (an “Interested Purchaser”), and (ii) any sale of the Corporation or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation to an Interested Purchaser (a transaction of the type described in clauses (i) and (ii) is referred to as a “Transaction”‘) will require the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the combined voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote, unless either: (i) the Transaction is approved by a two-thirds (2/3) of the members of the Board of Directors; or (ii) as a result of the Transaction, all holders of then-outstanding shares of the Corporation (other than the Interested Purchaser) receive cash in an amount at least equal to the greatest of (a) the highest price paid by the Interested Purchaser for any shares of the Corporation during the offer; or (b) an amount reflecting the same or a greater percentage relationship to the then market price of the Corporation’s stock as the highest price per share paid by the Interested Purchaser during the tender offer bears to the market price of the stock immediately prior to the commencement of the tender offer; or (c) an amount equal to the earnings per share of the Corporation for the four full consecutive fiscal quarters immediately preceding the proposed Transaction multiplied by the then current price/earnings ratio of the Interested Purchaser.


 

XI.

The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation.

* * *


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which only restates and integrates and does not further amend the provisions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation as heretofore amended or supplemented, there being no discrepancies between those provisions and the provisions of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, and it having been duly adopted by the Corporation’s Board of Directors in accordance with Section 245 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, has been executed by the undersigned duly authorized officer of the Corporation on this 10th day of June, 2025.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Kirsten Newquist

 

 

Name: Kirsten Newquist

 

 

Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 


 

EXHIBIT A

 

A-1


 

IDENTIV, INC.

CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION OF PREFERENCES,
RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS
OF
SERIES B NON-VOTING CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

PURSUANT TO SECTION 151 OF THE
DELAWARE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW

The undersigned, Steven Humphreys and Sandra Wallach, do hereby certify that:

1. They are the President and Secretary, respectively, of Identiv, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”).

2. The Corporation is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, none of which have been issued.

3. The following resolutions were duly adopted by the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”):

WHEREAS, the certificate of incorporation of the Corporation provides for a class of its authorized stock known as preferred stock, consisting of 10,000,000 shares, $0.001 par value per share, issuable from time to time in one or more series;

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors is authorized to fix the dividend rights, dividend rate, voting rights, conversion rights, rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences of any wholly unissued series of preferred stock and the number of shares constituting any series and the designation thereof, of any of them; and

WHEREAS, it is the desire of the Board of Directors, pursuant to its authority as aforesaid, to fix the rights, preferences, restrictions and other matters relating to a series of preferred stock, which shall consist of up to 5,000,000 shares of the preferred stock which the Corporation has the authority to issue, as follows:

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Board of Directors does hereby provide for the issuance of a series of preferred stock for cash or exchange of other securities, rights or property and does hereby fix and determine the rights, preferences, restrictions and other matters relating to such series of preferred stock as follows:

A-2


 

TERMS OF PREFERRED STOCK

Section 1. Definitions. For the purposes hereof, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

“Accreted Value” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.

“Accretion Rate” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3. Notwithstanding the foregoing, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, and for so long as such Triggering Event continues, the Accretion Rate shall automatically increase by an additional 1% quarterly; provided, however, that in no event will the Accretion Rate exceed 9%.

“Additional Shares of Common Stock” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(c)(v).

“Affiliate” means, with respect to a Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with such Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

“Alternate Consideration” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(b).

“Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 6(d).

“Business Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.

“Change of Control Transaction” means the occurrence after the applicable Original Issue Date in one or more related transactions of any of (a) an acquisition (whether by way of merger, share exchange, consolidation, business combination or similar transaction) by an individual or legal entity or “group” (as described in Rule 13d-5(b)(1) promulgated under the Exchange Act) of effective control (whether through legal or beneficial ownership of capital stock of the Corporation, or by contract) of in excess of 50% of the voting securities of the Corporation, (b) the Corporation merges into or consolidates with any other Person, or any Person merges into or consolidates with the Corporation and, after giving effect to such transaction, the stockholders of the Corporation immediately prior to such transaction own less than 50% of the aggregate voting power of the Corporation or the successor entity of such transaction, or (c) the Corporation sells, leases, licenses, conveys, transfers or otherwise disposes of all or substantially all of its assets to another Person.

“Closing” means a closing of the purchase and sale of Preferred Stock pursuant to Section 2.1 or Section 2.2 of the Purchase Agreement.

A-3


 

“Closing Price” shall mean, with respect to the Common Stock at a time on any date of determination, the consolidated closing bid price per share on the relevant Trading Market immediately preceding such time. If such time takes place during market hours, before the close of the regular session at 4 PM Eastern Time, then the previous trading day’s consolidated closing bid price is used. If such time takes place after the close of the regular session, then that day’s consolidated closing bid price is used.

“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Common Stock” means the Corporation’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class or type of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities or instruments of the Corporation or its subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, rights, options, warrants or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

“Conversion Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

“Conversion Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(b).

“Conversion Shares” means, collectively, the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the shares of Preferred Stock in accordance with the terms hereof.

“Convertible Securities” means evidences of indebtedness, shares or other securities directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable for shares or Common Stock, including but not limited to the Preferred Stock, warrants, notes, or other rights to acquire securities of the Corporation (but excluding Options).

“Effective Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(c)(v).

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Fully Diluted Limited” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(c)(i).

“Fundamental Transaction” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(b).

“Holder” means a holder of Preferred Stock.

“Liquidation” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.

“Minimum Conversion Price” means $3.27 subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination, repurchase or similar recapitalization with respect to the Corporation.

A-4


 

“Notice of Conversion” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

“Options” means rights, options or warrants to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire Common Stock or Convertible Securities.

“Original Issue Date” means, with respect to a share of Preferred Stock, the date of the first issuance of such share of Preferred Stock regardless of the number of transfers of such share of Preferred Stock and regardless of the number of certificates which may be issued to evidence such share of Preferred Stock.

“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

“Preferred Stock” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.

“Purchase Agreement” means the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 21, 2017, by and among the Corporation and certain Holders, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Share Delivery Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(c)(i).

“Stated Value” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2, as the same may be increased pursuant to Section 3.

“Subsequent Financing” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(c)(i).

“Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for business.

“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the Nasdaq Stock Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

“Transfer Agent” means American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, the current transfer agent of the Corporation with a mailing address of 6201 15th Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11219 and a telephone number of 800.937.5449, and any successor transfer agent of the Corporation.

“Triggering Event” means (a) the failure to pay any amounts owed to any Holder when due, (b) the failure of the Corporation to deliver shares of Common Stock when required in connection with a conversion of Preferred Stock, (c) any material breach by the Corporation of the Purchase Agreement that has not been cured within forty-five (45) days following delivery to the Corporation of written notice in respect thereof, (d) any material breach by the Corporation of the terms of this Certificate of Designation that has not been cured within forty-five (45) days following delivery to the Corporation of written notice in respect thereof and (e) any material breach of the Corporation’s obligations regarding “Registration Rights” pursuant to that certain Stockholder Agreement, dated as of December 21, 2017, by and among the Corporation and certain Holders that has not been cured within forty-five (45) days following delivery to the Corporation of written notice in respect thereof.

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“Underlying Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issued and issuable upon conversion of Preferred Stock in accordance with the terms of this Certificate of Designation.

Section 2. Designation, Amount and Par Value. A series of preferred stock is hereby created out of the authorized and unissued shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Corporation and shall be designated as Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Stock”). The total number of shares of Preferred Stock that the Corporation is authorized to issue is five million (5,000,000). Each share of Preferred Stock shall have a par value of $0.001 per share and a stated value equal to $4.00 (the “Stated Value”).

Section 3. Dividends. From and after the applicable Closing, the Stated Value for each share of Preferred Stock issued at such Closing will accrete at an annual rate of (i) five percent (5%) for each of the first six (6) years following such Closing and (ii) three percent (3%) for each year thereafter (the “Accretion Rate”), in each case, compounded annually at year-end (the Stated Value as so accreted, the “Accreted Value”). For each year following the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Initial Closing (as defined in the Purchase Agreement), the Corporation shall have the option to eliminate any such year’s accretion in respect of the shares of Preferred Stock owned by any Holder by paying such Holder prior to the end of such year an amount in cash equal to the product obtained by multiplying the Accretion Rate by the Accreted Value for each such share of Preferred Stock at the time that the Corporation selects the option to pay in cash. If the Corporation declares or makes any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or right to acquire its assets), securities, evidences of indebtedness or other property to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, evidences of indebtedness, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) or proposes to redeem or exchange, or redeems or exchanges any shares of Common Stock or any other securities of the Company (other than redemptions pursuant to any bona fide employee or director incentive or benefit plan of the Corporation adopted by the Board of Directors or redemptions in connection with the cashless exercise of Options) (a “Distribution”), then, in each such case, each Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that such Holder would have participated therein if such Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of the Preferred Stock held by such Holder (without regard to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution; provided, however, to the extent that such Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in such Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then such Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of such Holder until such time, if ever, as its rights thereto would not result in such Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation.

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Except as set forth in this Section 3, no other Distributions shall be paid on shares of Preferred Stock other than pursuant to Section 5.

Section 4. Voting Rights. Except as otherwise provided herein or as otherwise required by law, the Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for so long as (i) at least 500,000 shares of Preferred Stock are outstanding or (ii) any shares of Preferred Stock that cannot be converted in accordance with the terms hereof are outstanding, the Corporation shall not, without the affirmative vote of the Holders owning a majority of the then-outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, (a) amend, alter, waive or repeal (by merger, amendment, recapitalization, consolidation, reorganization or otherwise) this Certificate of Designation (or any provision thereof), (b) amend, alter, waive or repeal (by merger, amendment, recapitalization, consolidation, reorganization or otherwise) its certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other charter documents (or any provision thereof), but not including this Certificate of Designation for purposes of this clause (b), (x) if the amendment would adversely affect the Preferred Stock or the Holders (in their capacity as holders of Preferred Stock), or (y) to create or authorize the creation of any class or series of capital stock unless the same does not rank senior to the Preferred Stock with respect to any power, preference or special right of the Preferred Stock set forth in this Certificate of Designation, (c) issue any shares of Preferred Stock other than pursuant to (x) the Purchase Agreement or (y) a stockholder rights plan in respect of which (1) each Holder and its Affiliates are excluded or exempted Persons, and (2) each Holder has the same rights and obligations as the holders of Common Stock (on an as-converted basis disregarding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation for such purpose), (d) increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock, or (e) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing. Further, in the event of a prospective Change of Control Transaction or Fundamental Transaction where the price per share distributable to the Corporation’s stockholders in respect thereof is anticipated to be less than $4.00 per share, as adjusted pursuant to any provision of Section 7, each Holder of outstanding shares of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of Common Stock into which the shares of Preferred Stock held by such Holder are convertible as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote on such prospective Change of Control Transaction or Fundamental Transaction (disregarding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation for such purpose).

Section 5. Liquidation. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, Change of Control Transaction or Fundamental Transaction (each, a “Liquidation”), each Holder shall be entitled to receive out of the assets and funds of the Corporation, whether capital or surplus, in respect of each share of Preferred Stock held by such Holder at such time the same amount and form of consideration such Holder would receive if all of the Preferred Stock, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends, thereon was fully converted to Common Stock (disregarding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation for such purposes) immediately prior to such Liquidation, subject to any previously implemented anti-dilution adjustment in accordance with this Certificate of Designation, which amounts shall be paid pari passu with the amounts payable to the holders of Common Stock. A Fundamental Transaction or Change of Control Transaction shall be deemed a Liquidation; provided, that a Change of Control Transaction where the Corporation is the surviving corporation and Common Stock remains listed or quoted on any Trading Market, shall not be deemed a Liquidation.

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The Corporation shall mail to each Holder written notice of any such Liquidation not less than 20 days prior to the payment date stated therein.

Section 6. Conversion.

(a) Conversions at Option of Holder. Each share of Preferred Stock shall be convertible by the Holder thereof, at any time and from time to time, (i) following the sixth (6th) anniversary of the Initial Closing or (ii) if earlier, during the thirty (30) day period following the last Trading Day of any period of three (3) or more consecutive Trading Days that the Closing Price of a share of Common Stock as reflected on a Trading Market exceeds $10.00, in each case, at the option of the Holder thereof, into such number of shares of Common Stock (subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the Accreted Value of such share of Preferred Stock by the Conversion Price then in effect. A Holder shall effect any such conversion by providing the Corporation with the form of conversion notice attached as Exhibit D to the Purchase Agreement (a “Notice of Conversion”). Each Notice of Conversion provided by any Holder shall specify (A) the number of shares of Preferred Stock to be converted by such Holder, (B) the number of shares of Preferred Stock owned by such Holder prior to the conversion at issue, (C) the number of shares of Preferred Stock owned subsequent to the conversion at issue by such Holder and (D) the date on which such conversion is to be effected, which date may not be prior to the date such Holder delivers by facsimile or email such Notice of Conversion to the Corporation (such date, the “Conversion Date”). If no Conversion Date is specified in a Notice of Conversion, the Conversion Date shall be the date that such Notice of Conversion is deemed delivered to the Corporation hereunder. No ink-original Notice of Conversion shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Conversion form be required. The calculations and entries set forth in the Notice of Conversion shall control in the absence of manifest or mathematical error. To effect any conversion of shares of Preferred Stock, a Holder shall not be required to surrender the certificate(s) representing such shares of Preferred Stock to the Corporation unless all of the shares of Preferred Stock held by such Holder are so converted, in which case such Holder shall deliver the certificate representing such shares of Preferred Stock promptly following the Conversion Date at issue. Shares of Preferred Stock converted into Common Stock or redeemed in accordance with the terms hereof shall be canceled and shall not be reissued.

(b) Conversion Price. The conversion price for Preferred Stock shall equal to the Stated Value, subject to adjustment as set forth herein (the “Conversion Price”).

(c) Mechanics of Conversion.

i. Delivery of Conversion Shares Upon Conversion. Not later than three (3) Trading Days after each Conversion Date (the “Share Delivery Date”), the Corporation shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the converting Holder the number of Conversion Shares being acquired upon the conversion of the Preferred Stock set forth in the applicable Notice of Conversion.

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ii. Failure to Deliver Conversion Shares. If, in the case of any Notice of Conversion, the applicable Conversion Shares are not delivered to, or as directed by, the applicable Holder by the Share Delivery Date, such Holder shall be entitled to elect by written notice to the Corporation at any time on or before its receipt of such Conversion Shares, to rescind such Notice of Conversion, in which event the Corporation shall promptly return to such Holder any original Preferred Stock certificate(s) delivered to the Corporation in connection with such Notice of Conversion and such Holder shall promptly return to the Corporation the Conversion Shares issued to such Holder pursuant to the rescinded Notice of Conversion to the extent they are actually received by such Holder following such rescission.

iii. Reservation of Shares Issuable Upon Conversion. The Corporation covenants that it will reserve and at all times keep available out of its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock for the sole purpose of issuance upon conversion of Preferred Stock, as herein provided, free from preemptive rights or any other actual contingent purchase rights of Persons (other than the Holders), not less than such aggregate number of shares of Common Stock as shall be issuable upon the conversion of the then outstanding shares of Preferred Stock. The Corporation covenants that all shares of Common Stock that shall be so issuable shall, upon issue, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all liens, claims, security interests and other encumbrances created by the Corporation. The Corporation further covenants that, if at any time the Common Stock shall be listed on a Trading Market, the Corporation will, if permitted by the rules of such Trading Market, cause to be listed or quoted on such exchange or automated quotation system, all Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock.

iv. Fractional Shares. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the conversion of Preferred Stock. As to any fraction of a share which a Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such conversion, the Corporation shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Conversion Price or round up such fraction to the next whole share.

v. Transfer Taxes and Expenses. The issuance of any Conversion Shares shall be made without charge to the applicable Holder for any documentary stamp, transfer or similar taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of such Conversion Shares or other incidental expenses in connection therewith, all of which shall be paid by the Corporation; provided that the Corporation shall not be required to pay any tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issuance and delivery of such Conversion Shares in a name other than that of such Holder, and the Corporation shall not be required to issue or deliver such Conversion Shares unless or until the amount of such tax shall have been paid to the Corporation or it shall have established to the reasonable satisfaction of the Corporation that such tax has been paid. The Corporation shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of

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Conversion and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Conversion Shares.

vi. Closing of Books. The Corporation will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely conversion of any Preferred Stock pursuant to the terms hereof.

(d) Beneficial Ownership Limitation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Corporation shall not effect any conversion of Preferred Stock, and a Holder shall not have the right to convert any portion of Preferred Stock, to the extent that, after giving effect to such conversion, such Holder (or any of such Holder’s Affiliates or any Persons acting as a group together with such Holder or any of such Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, the “Attribution Parties”)) would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such Holder and the Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Preferred Stock with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) conversion of the remaining, unconverted Preferred Stock beneficially owned by such Holder or any the Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Corporation (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by such Holder or any of the Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 6(d), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 6(d) applies, the determination of whether Preferred Stock is convertible (in relation to other securities owned by such Holder together with the Attribution Parties) and of how many shares of Preferred Stock are convertible shall be in the sole discretion of such Holder (provided that such determination by such Holder shall be reasonably acceptable to the Corporation), and the submission of a Notice of Conversion shall be deemed to be such Holder’s determination of whether the shares of Preferred Stock set forth in such Notice of Conversion may be converted (in relation to other securities owned by such Holder together with the Attribution Parties) and how many shares of the Preferred Stock are convertible, in each case, subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Corporation shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 6(d), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as stated in the most recent of the following: (i) the Corporation’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be; (ii) a more recent public announcement by the Corporation; or (iii) a more recent written notice by the Corporation or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Corporation shall within two (2) Trading Days confirm orally and

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in writing to such Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Corporation, including the Preferred Stock, by such Holder or the Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 19.9% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Preferred Stock held by the applicable Holder. A Holder, upon notice to the Corporation, may waive the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 6(d) applicable to its Preferred Stock; provided that such waiver (A) will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Corporation, (B) shall only apply to such Holder and no other Holder, and (C) will not be effective to the extent such waiver would require the prior approval of the Corporation’s stockholders, unless such approval has been obtained. The limitations contained in this Section 6(d) shall apply to a successor holder of Preferred Stock.

Section 7. Certain Adjustments. From and after the Original Issue Date, the Conversion Price shall be adjusted from time to time by the Corporation as follows:

(a) Stock Dividends and Stock Splits. If the Corporation, at any time while this Preferred Stock is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions payable in shares of Common Stock on shares of Common Stock or any other Common Stock Equivalents (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Corporation upon conversion of, or payment of a dividend on, the Preferred Stock); (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares; (iii) combines (including by way of a reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares; or (iv) issues, in the event of a reclassification of shares of Common Stock, any shares of capital stock of the Corporation, then, in each case, the Conversion Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding any treasury shares of the Corporation) outstanding immediately before such event, and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 7(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or reclassification.

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(b) Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while the Preferred Stock is outstanding, (i) the Corporation, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into another Person, (ii) the Corporation, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Corporation or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock, (iv) the Corporation, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Corporation, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person whereby such other Person acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each, a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, each Holder shall have the right to receive for each Conversion Share that would have been issuable to such Holder upon conversion of the Preferred Stock held by such Holder immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction (had such conversion occurred immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction and without regard to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation), at the option of such Holder, the number of shares of capital stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or shares of Common Stock of the Corporation, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which the Preferred Stock held by such Holder is convertible immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). For purposes of any such conversion, the determination of the Conversion Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Corporation shall apportion the Conversion Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then each Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any conversion of this Preferred Stock following such Fundamental Transaction.

(c) Sales of Shares Below Conversion Price.

i.

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If at any time or from time to time after the date of the filing of this Certificate of Designation, the Corporation grants, issues or sells Additional Shares of Common Stock (a “Subsequent Financing”) for an Effective Price less than the then existing Conversion Price, then the Conversion Price shall be reduced, effective as of the closing of such Subsequent Financing, to a price determined by multiplying that Conversion Price by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be (A) the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the close of business on the day preceding the closing of the Subsequent Financing (treating for this purpose as outstanding all shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of all rights, options or warrants or upon conversion of all securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock (including the Preferred Stock) outstanding as of the close of business on the day preceding the closing of the Subsequent Financing) plus (B) the number of shares of Common Stock which the aggregate consideration received (or by the express provisions hereof is deemed to have been received) by the Corporation for the total number of Additional Shares of Common Stock so issued would purchase at such Conversion Price (prior to such adjustment) and the denominator of which shall be (X) the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Subsequent Financing (treating for this purpose as outstanding all shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of all rights, options or warrants or upon conversion of all securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock (including the Preferred Stock) outstanding as of the close of business on the day preceding the closing of the Subsequent Financing) plus (Y) the number of such Additional Shares of Common Stock issued or sold in the Subsequent Financing; provided, however, that notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that the adjustments in this Section 7(c) result in a Conversion Price that is less than the Minimum Conversion Price, (x) the aggregate number of shares that the Holders shall be entitled to purchase or receive at a Conversion Prices less than the Minimum Conversion Price shall not exceed 2,847,603 (the “Fully Diluted Limit”) and (b) the Conversion Price with respect to amounts in excess of the Fully Diluted Limit shall be the Minimum Conversion Price. For the purpose of making any adjustment required under this Section 7(c), the consideration received by the Corporation for any issue or sale of securities shall (A) to the extent it consists of cash be computed at the amount of cash received by the Corporation, (B) to the extent it consists of property other than cash, be computed at the fair market value of that property as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, and (C) if Additional Shares of Common Stock, Convertible Securities or Options are issued or sold together with other stock or securities or other assets of the Corporation for a consideration which covers both, be computed as the portion of the consideration so received that may be reasonably determined in good faith by the Board of Directors to be allocable to such Additional Shares of Common Stock, Convertible Securities or Options.

ii. For the purpose of the adjustment required under this Section 7(c)(i), if the Corporation issues or sells any Convertible Securities or Options (or securities directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable for Additional Shares of Common Stock, Convertible Securities or Options), and if the Effective Price of such Common Stock underlying any such Convertible Securities or Options is less than the Conversion Price then in effect, then in each case the Corporation shall be deemed to have issued at the time of the issuance of such Convertible Securities or Options the maximum number of Additional Shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise or conversion thereof and to have received as consideration for the issuance of such shares an amount equal to the total amount of the consideration, if any, received by the Corporation for the issuance of Convertible Securities or Options, plus, in the case of any Options, the minimum amounts of consideration, if any, payable to the Corporation upon the exercise of such Options, plus, in the case of Convertible Securities, the minimum amounts of consideration, if any, payable to the Corporation (other than by cancellation of liabilities or obligations evidenced by such Convertible Securities) upon the conversion thereof. No further adjustment of the Conversion Price, adjusted upon the issuance of such Convertible Securities or Options, shall be made as a result of the actual issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock on the exercise of any such rights or options or the conversion of any such Convertible Securities.

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iii. If any such Options or the conversion privilege represented by any such Convertible Securities shall expire without having been exercised, the Conversion Price as adjusted upon the issuance of such Options or Convertible Securities shall be readjusted to the Conversion Price which would have been in effect had an adjustment been made on the basis that the only Additional Shares of Common Stock so issued were the Additional Shares of Common Stock, if any, actually issued or sold on the exercise of such Options or rights of conversion of such Convertible Securities, and such Additional Shares of Common Stock, if any, were issued or sold for the consideration actually received by the Corporation upon such exercise, plus the consideration, if any, actually received by the Corporation for the granting of all such rights or options, whether or not exercised, plus the consideration received for issuing or selling the Convertible Securities actually converted, plus the consideration, if any, actually received by the Corporation (other than by cancellation of liabilities or obligations evidenced by such Convertible Securities) on the conversion of such Convertible Securities.

iv. If the purchase price provided for in any Options, the additional consideration, if any, payable upon the issue, conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Securities, or the rate at which any Convertible Securities are convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock increases or decreases at any time, the Conversion Price in effect at the time of such increase or decrease shall be adjusted to the Conversion Price, which would have been in effect at such time had such Options or Convertible Securities provided for such increased or decreased purchase price, additional consideration or increased or decreased conversion rate, as the case may be, at the time initially granted, issued or sold. For purposes of this Section 7(c)(iv), if the terms of any Option or Convertible Security that was outstanding as of the date hereof are increased or decreased in the manner described in the immediately preceding sentence, then such Option or Convertible Security and the shares of Common Stock deemed issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange thereof shall be deemed to have been issued as of the date of such increase or decrease. No adjustment pursuant to this Section 7(c) shall be made if such adjustment would result in an increase of the Conversion Price then in effect.

v.

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“Additional Shares of Common Stock” shall mean all shares of Common Stock issued (or deemed issued hereunder) by the Corporation after the date of the filing of this Certificate of Designation, whether or not subsequently reacquired or retired by the Corporation, other than: (A) shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities issued as a dividend or distribution on Preferred Stock; (B) shares of Common Stock or Options issued to employees, directors, officers, consultants, contractors, or advisors to the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries in connection with the provision of bona fide services pursuant to a plan, agreement or arrangement approved by the Board of Directors; (C) shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities actually issued upon the exercise of Options outstanding on the Original Issue Date or thereafter issued in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or shares of Common Stock actually issued upon the conversion or exchange of Convertible Securities outstanding on the Original Issue Date or thereafter issued in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, in each case, provided such issuance is pursuant to the terms of such Option or Convertible Security; (D) shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities issued to banks, equipment lessors or other financial institutions, or to real property lessors in connection with the provision of bona fide goods or services pursuant to a debt financing, equipment leasing, commercial credit arrangements, real property leasing transactions or similar transaction approved by the Board of Directors; (E) shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities issued to suppliers or third party service providers in connection with the provision of bona fide goods or services pursuant to transactions approved by the Board of Directors; (F) shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities issued pursuant to the acquisition of another entity by the Corporation through a merger, the purchase of all or substantially all of the assets of the other entity, other reorganization, or in connection with a joint venture agreement, technology license agreement or other acquisition agreement pursuant to which the Company acquires technology or other assets in a transaction or series of related transactions, in each case, approved by the Board of Directors; and (G) shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities issued upon conversion of Preferred Stock. The “Effective Price” of Additional Shares of Common Stock shall mean the quotient determined by dividing the aggregate consideration received, or deemed to have been received by the Corporation for such issue under this Section 7(c), for such Additional Shares of Common Stock by the total number of Additional Shares of Common Stock issued or sold, or deemed to have been issued or sold by the Corporation under this Section 7(c).

(d) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 7 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 7, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding any treasury shares of the Corporation) issued and outstanding.

(e) Board of Directors. If any event occurs as to which, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, the provisions of this Section 7 are not strictly applicable or if strictly applicable would not fairly protect the rights of the Holders in accordance with the essential intent and principles of such provisions, then, if the Board of Directors determines in its sole discretion that an adjustment is in the Corporation’s best interest, the Board of Directors shall make an adjustment in the application of such provisions, in accordance with such essential intent and principles, so as to protect such rights as aforesaid.

(f) Notice to the Holders.

i. Adjustment to Conversion Price. Whenever the Conversion Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 7, the Corporation shall promptly deliver to each Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Conversion Price after such adjustment and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

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ii. Notice to Allow Conversion by Holder. If (A) the Corporation shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on Common Stock, (B) the Corporation shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of Common Stock, (C) the Corporation shall authorize the granting to all holders of Common Stock of rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Corporation shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Corporation is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property or (E) the Corporation shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation, then, in each case, the Corporation shall cause to be filed at each office or agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of this Preferred Stock, and shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to each Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the stock books of the Corporation, at least twenty (20) calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange, provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Corporation or any of the Subsidiaries, the Corporation shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. Each Holder shall remain entitled to convert the Preferred Stock (or any part hereof) held by such Holder during the 20-day period commencing on the date of such notice through the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

Section 8. Miscellaneous.

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(a) Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Conversion, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile or e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Corporation, at the address set forth above Attention: Chief Financial Officer, e-mail address swallach@identiv.com, or such other facsimile number, e-mail address or address as the Corporation may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders delivered in accordance with this Section 8. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Corporation hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile or e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the facsimile number, e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Corporation, or if no such facsimile number, e-mail address or address appears on the books of the Corporation, at the principal place of business of such Holder. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email at the e-mail address set forth in this Section prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given.

(b) Lost or Mutilated Preferred Stock Certificate. If a Holder’s Preferred Stock certificate shall be mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Corporation shall execute and deliver, in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation of a mutilated certificate, or in lieu of or in substitution for a lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, a new certificate for the shares of Preferred Stock so mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, but only upon receipt of evidence of such loss, theft or destruction of such certificate, and of the ownership hereof reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation.

(c) Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Certificate of Designation shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the principles of conflict of laws thereof.

(d) Severability. If any provision of this Certificate of Designation is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the balance of this Certificate of Designation shall remain in effect, and if any provision is inapplicable to any Person or circumstance, it shall nevertheless remain applicable to all other Persons and circumstances. If it shall be found that any interest or other amount deemed interest due hereunder violates the applicable law governing usury, the applicable rate of interest due hereunder shall automatically be lowered to equal the maximum rate of interest permitted under applicable law.

(e) Next Business Day. Whenever any payment or other obligation hereunder shall be due on a day other than a Business Day, such payment shall be made on the next succeeding Business Day.

(f) Headings. The headings contained herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Certificate of Designation and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.

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(g) Status of Converted or Redeemed Preferred Stock. If any shares of Preferred Stock shall be converted, redeemed or reacquired by the Corporation, such shares shall resume the status of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock and shall no longer be designated as Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock.

*********************

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RESOLVED, FURTHER, that the Chairman, the president or any vice-president, and the secretary or any assistant secretary, of the Corporation be and they hereby are authorized and directed to prepare and file this Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations in accordance with the foregoing resolution and the provisions of Delaware law.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Certificate this
December 21, 2017.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Steven Humphreys

 

 

 

/s/ Sandra Wallach

Name:

 

Steven Humphreys

 

 

 

Name:

 

Sandra Wallach

Title:

 

President

 

 

 

Title:

 

Secretary

 

A-19


EX-3.2 3 inve-ex3_2.htm EX-3.2 EX-3.2

Exhibit 3.2

AMENDED AND RESTATED

BYLAWS

OF

IDENTIV, INC.

A DELAWARE CORPORATION

(as amended June 10, 2025)


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ARTICLE 1 Offices

1

1.1

Registered Office

1

1.2

Other Offices

1

ARTICLE 2 Meeting of Stockholders

1

2.1

Place of Meeting

1

2.2

Annual Meeting.

1

2.3

Advance Notice of Business to be Brought before a Meeting.

1

2.4

Advance Notice of Nominations for Election of Directors at a Meeting.

6

2.5

Additional Requirements for Valid Nomination of Proposed Nominees to Serve as Directors and, if Elected, to be Seated as Directors.

8

2.6

Special Meetings

11

2.7

Notice of Meetings

11

2.8

List of Stockholders

12

2.9

Organization and Conduct of Business

12

2.10

Quorum

13

2.11

Adjournments

13

2.12

Voting Rights

13

2.13

Majority Vote

13

2.14

Record Date for Stockholder Notice and Voting

14

2.15

Proxies

14

2.16

Inspectors of Election

14

2.17

No Action Without a Meeting

15

2.18

Delivery

15

ARTICLE 3 Directors

15

3.1

Number of Directors

15

3.2

Director Nominations

15

3.3

Enlargement and Vacancies

15

3.4

Resignation and Removal

15

3.5

Powers

15

3.6

Chair of the Board of Directors

16

3.7

Place of Meetings

16

3.8

Regular Meetings

16

3.9

Special Meetings

16

3.10

Quorum, Action at Meeting, Adjournments

16

3.11

Action Without Meeting

16

3.12

Remote Meetings

17

3.13

Committees

17

3.14

Fees and Compensation of Directors

17

-i-


 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

Page

ARTICLE 4 Officers

17

4.1

Officers Designated

17

4.2

Election

18

4.3

Tenure

18

4.4

The Chief Executive Officer

18

4.5

The President

18

4.6

The Vice President

18

4.7

The Secretary

18

4.8

The Assistant Secretary

19

4.9

The Chief Financial Officer

19

4.10

The Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers

19

4.11

Bond

19

4.12

Delegation of Authority

19

ARTICLE 5 Notices

19

5.1

Notice to Stockholders

19

5.2

Waiver of Notice

20

ARTICLE 6 Indemnification of Directors and Officers

20

6.1

Right to Indemnification

20

6.2

Right to Advancement of Expenses

20

6.3

Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit

21

6.4

Non-Exclusivity of Rights

21

6.5

Insurance

21

6.6

Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation

21

6.7

Nature of Rights

22

6.8

Severability

22

ARTICLE 7 Capital Stock

22

7.1

Certificates for Shares

22

7.2

Signatures on Certificates

22

7.3

Transfer of Stock

23

7.4

Registered Stockholders

23

7.5

Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates

23

ARTICLE 8 General Provisions

23

8.1

Dividends

23

8.2

Checks

23

8.3

Corporate Seal

23

8.4

Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments

23

-ii-


 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

Page

8.5

Representation of Shares or Interests of Other Entities

24

ARTICLE 9 Forum for Adjudication of Disputes

24

9.1

Exclusive Forum; Delaware Chancery Court

24

9.2

Exclusive Forum; Federal District Courts

24

9.3

Failure to Enforce Exclusive Forum

25

ARTICLE 10 Amendments

25

-iii-


 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

B Y L A W S

OF

IDENTIV, INC.

(a Delaware corporation)

ARTICLE 1

Offices1.1 Registered Office. The registered office of Identiv, Inc. shall be set forth in the certificate of incorporation of the corporation.1.2 Other Offices. The corporation may also have offices at such other places, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the board of directors of the corporation (the “Board of Directors”) may from time to time designate, or as the business of the corporation may require.ARTICLE 2

Meeting of Stockholders2.1 Place of Meeting. Meetings of stockholders may be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated by or in the manner provided in these bylaws, or, if not so designated, at the principal executive offices of the corporation. The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, (a) determine that a meeting of stockholders shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication, or (b) permit participation by stockholders at such meeting by means of remote communication as authorized by Section 211(a)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”).2.2 Annual Meeting.

(a) Annual meetings of stockholders, for the election of directors to succeed those whose terms expire and for the transaction of such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting, shall be held each year on such date and at such time as shall be designated from time to time by or in the manner determined by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting. Except as otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or applicable law, the Board of Directors may postpone, reschedule or cancel any annual meeting of stockholders.

2.3 Advance Notice of Business to be Brought before a Meeting.

(a) At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting.

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To be properly brought before the annual meeting, business must be (i) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof to do so by the Board of Directors, or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder who (A) was a stockholder of record (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such business is proposed, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the corporation) both at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 2.3 and at the time of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting, and (C) has complied with this Section 2.3 as to such business. Except for proposals properly made in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (as so amended and inclusive of such rules and regulations, the “Exchange Act”), and included in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, the foregoing clause (iii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to propose business to be brought before an annual meeting of the stockholders. Stockholders seeking to nominate persons for election to the Board of Directors must comply with Sections 2.4 and 2.5 and this Section 2.3 shall not be applicable to nominations except as expressly provided in Sections 2.4 and 2.5.

(b) Without qualification, for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must (i) provide Timely Notice (as defined below) thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the corporation and (ii) provide any updates or supplements to the information contained in such notice at the time and in the forms required by this Section 2.3. To be timely, the stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the corporation not earlier than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day nor later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the ninetieth (90th) day before the anniversary of the date the corporation’s proxy statement was first released to stockholders in connection with the previous year’s annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the annual meeting is called for a date that is more than thirty (30) days before or after the anniversary date of the previous year’s annual meeting, notice by the stockholder must be received by the Secretary of the corporation not later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the later of (x) the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting and (y) the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made (such notice within such time periods, “Timely Notice”). For the purposes of these bylaws, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or a comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In no event shall an adjournment or postponement (or the public announcement thereof) of an annual meeting for which notice has been given, or the public announcement of the date thereof has been made, commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(c) To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 2.3, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary of the corporation shall set forth:

(i) As to each Proposing Person (as defined below), (1) the name and address of each Proposing Person who is a record stockholder as such name and address appear on the corporation’s books and records, and the name and address of each other Proposing Person; and (2) the number of shares of each class or series of stock of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned of record or beneficially owned (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by each Proposing Person, except that, for purposes of this Section 2.3(c)(i), such Proposing Person shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own all shares of any class or series of stock of the corporation as to which such Proposing Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership, whether immediately or at any time in the future (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (1) and (2) are referred to as “Stockholder Information”);

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(ii) As to each Proposing Person,

(1) the full notional amount of any securities that, directly or indirectly, underlie any “derivative security” (as such term is defined in Rule 16a-1(c) under the Exchange Act) that constitutes a “call equivalent position” (as such term is defined in Rule 16a-1(b) under the Exchange Act) (“Synthetic Equity Position”) and that is, directly or indirectly, held or maintained by such Proposing Person with respect to any shares of any class or series of stock of the corporation; provided that, for the purposes of the definition of “Synthetic Equity Position,” the term “derivative security” shall also include any security or instrument that would not otherwise constitute a “derivative security” as a result of any feature that would make any conversion, exercise or similar right or privilege of such security or instrument determinable only at some future date or upon the happening of a future occurrence, in which case the determination of the amount of securities into which such security or instrument would be convertible or exercisable shall be made assuming that such security or instrument is immediately convertible or exercisable at the time of such determination; and, provided, further, that any Proposing Person satisfying the requirements of Rule 13d-1(b)(1) under the Exchange Act (other than a Proposing Person that so satisfies Rule 13d-1(b)(1) under the Exchange Act solely by reason of Rule 13d-1(b)(1)(ii)(E)) shall not be deemed to hold or maintain the notional amount of any securities that underlie a Synthetic Equity Position held by such Proposing Person as a hedge with respect to a bona fide derivatives trade or position of such Proposing Person arising in the ordinary course of such Proposing Person’s business as a derivatives dealer,

(2) any rights to dividends on the shares of any class or series of stock of the corporation owned beneficially by such Proposing Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the corporation,

(3) any material pending or threatened legal proceeding in which such Proposing Person is a party or material participant involving the corporation or any of its officers or directors, or any affiliate of the corporation,

(4) any other material relationship between such Proposing Person, on the one hand, and the corporation or any affiliate of the corporation, on the other hand,

(5) any direct or indirect material interest in any material contract or agreement of such Proposing Person with the corporation or any affiliate of the corporation (including, in any such case, any employment agreement, collective bargaining agreement or consulting agreement), (6) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of shares of the corporation at the time of giving notice, will be entitled to vote at the meeting and that such stockholder (or a qualified representative thereof) intends to appear at the meeting to propose the business that is specified in the notice;

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(7) a representation whether any Proposing Person or any other participant (as defined in Item 4 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act) will engage in a solicitation with respect to such proposal and, if so, the name of each participant in such solicitation and the amount of the cost of solicitation that has been and will be borne, directly or indirectly, by each participant in such solicitation and a representation as to whether the Proposing Person intends or is part of a group that intends (x) to deliver, or make available, a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation’s voting shares required to approve or adopt the business, and/or (y) to otherwise solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of such business;

(8) a certification regarding whether each Proposing Person has complied with all applicable federal, state and other legal requirements in connection with such Proposing Person’s acquisition of shares of capital stock or other securities of the corporation and/or such Proposing Person’s acts or omissions as a stockholder or beneficial owner of the corporation; and

(9) any other information relating to such Proposing Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents by such Proposing Person in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (1) through (9) are referred to as “Disclosable Interests”); provided, however, that Disclosable Interests shall not include any such disclosures with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner; and

(iii) As to each item of business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, (1) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting and any material interest in such business of each Proposing Person, (2) the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment), (3) a reasonably detailed description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings (x) between or among any of the Proposing Persons or (y) between or among any Proposing Person and any other person or entity (including the names of such other holder(s), person(s) or entity(ies)) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and (4) any other information relating to such item of business that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that the disclosures required by this Section 2.3(c) shall not include any disclosures with respect to any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner.

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(d) For purposes of this Section 2.3, the term “Proposing Person” shall mean each of (i) the stockholder providing the notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the business proposed to be brought before the annual meeting is made and (iii) any affiliate (used herein as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”)) of either of the foregoing.

(e) A Proposing Person shall update and supplement the information contained in its notice to the corporation of its intent to propose business at an annual meeting, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.3 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the later of the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation (i) not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and (ii) not later than eight (8) business days prior to the later of the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the later of the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to update and supplement as set forth in this paragraph or any other Section of these bylaws shall not limit the corporation’s rights with respect to any deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice hereunder to amend or update any proposal or to submit any new proposal, including by changing or adding matters, business or resolutions proposed to be brought before a meeting of the stockholders.

(f) Notwithstanding anything in these bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting that is not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 2.3. The Board of Directors and, subject to the supervision, direction and control of the Board of Directors, the chairperson of the meeting shall have the power to determine whether business proposed to be brought before the meeting was proposed in accordance with this Section 2.3 and to declare that any such business not properly proposed shall be disregarded and shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of such vote may have been solicited or received by the corporation.

(g) This Section 2.3 is expressly intended to apply to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting of stockholders other than any proposal made in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and included in the corporation’s proxy statement. In addition to the requirements of this Section 2.3 with respect to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, each Proposing Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such business, and any failure to comply therewith shall be deemed a failure to comply with this Section 2.3.

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Nothing in this Section 2.3 shall be deemed to affect the rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. 2.4 Advance Notice of Nominations for Election of Directors at a Meeting. (a) Subject to the rights, if any, of holders of preferred stock to vote separately to elect directors, nominations of any person for election to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting or at a special meeting (but, in the case of a special meeting, only if such meeting is called for the purpose of electing directors) may be made at such meeting only (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof authorized to do so by the Board of Directors, or (ii) by a stockholder present in person who (A) was a stockholder of record of the corporation (and with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such nomination is proposed to be made, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the corporation) both at the time of giving the notice provided for in Section 2.4(b) and at the time of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (C) has complied with this Section 2.4 and Section 2.5 as to such notice and nomination. The foregoing clause (ii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board of Directors at any annual meeting or special meeting of stockholders. (b) Without qualification, for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting or, subject to the limitations set forth in these bylaws, at a special meeting of the stockholders, the stockholder must (i) provide Timely Notice (as defined in Section 2.3(b) of these bylaws) thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the corporation; (ii) have acted in accordance with the representations set forth in the Solicitation Statement required by these bylaws; (iii) provide the information, agreements and questionnaires with respect to such stockholder and its proposed nominee as required to be set forth by this Section 2.4 and Section 2.5; and (iv) provide any updates or supplements to the information contained in such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 2.4 and Section 2.5. The number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting or special meeting (or in the case of a stockholder giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting or special meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such annual meeting or special meeting. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting is increased and there has been no public announcement naming all of the nominees for director or indicating the increase in the size of the Board of Directors made by the corporation at least ten (10) days before the last day a Nominating Person may deliver Timely Notice, a Nominating Person’s notice required by this bylaw shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the corporation. (c) In no event shall an adjournment or postponement (or the public announcement thereof) of an annual meeting for which notice has been given, or the public announcement of the

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date thereof has been made, or of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(d) To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 2.4, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth:

(i) As to each Nominating Person (as defined below), the Stockholder Information (as defined in Section 2.3(c)(i), except that for purposes of this Section 2.4, the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 2.3(c)(i));

(ii) As to each Nominating Person, (A) any Disclosable Interests (as defined in Section 2.3(c)(ii), except that for purposes of this Section 2.4, the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 2.3(c)(ii), and the Disclosable Interests in Section 2.3(c)(ii) shall be made with respect to nomination of each person for election as a director at the meeting); (B) a representation as to whether such person intends, or is part of a group that intends, to deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of at least sixty-seven percent (67%) of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote on the election of directors and file a definitive proxy statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act (such statement, a “Solicitation Statement”); and (C) a reasonably detailed description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings (x) between or among any of the Proposing Persons or (y) between or among any Proposing Person and any other person or entity (including the names of such other holder(s), person(s) or entity(ies)) in connection with the nomination; and

(iii) As to each proposed nominee whom a Nominating Person proposes to nominate for election as a director, (A) all information with respect to such proposed nominee that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice pursuant to this Section 2.4 and Section 2.5 if such proposed nominee were a Nominating Person, (B) all information relating to such proposed nominee that is required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14(a) under the Exchange Act (including such proposed nominee’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected), (C) a description of any direct or indirect material interest in any material contract or agreement between or among any Nominating Person, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee or his or her respective associates (used herein as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act; provided that, for purposes of these bylaws, the term “partner” as used in the definition of “associate” thereunder shall not include any limited partner that is not involved in the management of the relevant partnership) or any other participants in such solicitation, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K if such Nominating Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the proposed nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (C) are referred to as “Nominee Information”), and (D) a completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement as provided in Section 2.5(a).

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(e) For purposes of this Section 2.4, the term “Nominating Person” shall mean each of (i) the stockholder providing the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting, (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting is made and (iii) any affiliate of either of the foregoing.

(f) A stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting shall further update and supplement the information contained in such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.4 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the later of the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation (i) not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and (ii) not later than eight (8) business days prior to the later of the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the later of the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to update and supplement as set forth in this paragraph or any other Section of these bylaws shall not limit the corporation’s rights with respect to any deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice hereunder to amend or update any nomination or to submit any new nomination.

(g) In addition to the requirements of this Section 2.4 with respect to any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting, each Nominating Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such nominations, and any failure to comply therewith shall be deemed a failure to comply with this Section 2.4.

2.5 Additional Requirements for Valid Nomination of Proposed Nominees to Serve as Directors and, if Elected, to be Seated as Directors.

(a) To be eligible to be a proposed nominee for election as a director of the corporation at an annual meeting or a special meeting, a proposed nominee must be nominated in the manner prescribed in Section 2.4 and the proposed nominee, whether nominated by the Board of Directors or by a stockholder of record, must have previously delivered (in accordance with the time period prescribed for delivery in a notice to such proposed nominee given by or on behalf of the Board of Directors), to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation, (i) a completed written questionnaire (in the form provided by the corporation upon written request therefor) with respect to the background, qualifications, stock ownership and independence of such proposed nominee and (ii) a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the corporation upon written request therefor) that such proposed nominee (A) is not and, if elected as a director during his or her term of office, will not become a party to (1) any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether oral or in writing) with, and has not given and will not give any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed in the questionnaire, or (2) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such proposed nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the corporation, with such proposed nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not, and will not become a party to, any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation or reimbursement for service as a director of the corporation that has not been disclosed in the questionnaire, and (C) if elected as a director of the corporation, will comply with all applicable corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality, stock ownership and trading and other policies and guidelines of the corporation applicable to directors and in effect during such person’s term in office as a director (and, if requested by any proposed nominee, the Secretary of the corporation shall provide to such proposed nominee all such policies and guidelines then in effect) that are publicly disclosed or which were provided by the Secretary with the written representation and agreement required by this Section (the “Guidelines”).

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(b) The Board of Directors may also require any proposed nominee as a director to furnish such other information as may reasonably be requested by the Board of Directors in writing prior to the meeting of stockholders at which such proposed nominee’s nomination is to be acted upon in order for the Board of Directors to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to be an independent director of the corporation under the listing requirements or rules of any stock exchange upon which the corporation’s securities are listed and the Guidelines.

(c) A proposed nominee as a director shall further update and supplement the materials delivered pursuant to this Section 2.5, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided pursuant to this Section 2.5 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the later of the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation (or any other office specified by the corporation in any public announcement) (i) not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and (ii) not later than eight (8) business days prior to the later of the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the later of the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to update and supplement as set forth in this paragraph or any other Section of these bylaws shall not limit the corporation’s rights with respect to any deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder or information provided by a proposed nominee, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice hereunder to amend or update any nomination or to submit any new nomination.

(d) In addition to the requirements of this Section 2.5 with respect to any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting, each Proposing Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such nominations.

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Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, unless otherwise required by applicable law, if any Nominating Person (i) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act with respect to any proposed nominee and (ii) subsequently (x) fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act (or fails to timely provide reasonable evidence sufficient to satisfy the corporation that such Nominating Person has met the requirements of Rule14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act in accordance with the following sentence) or (y) fails to inform the corporation that such Nominating Person no longer plans to solicit proxies in accordance with the requirements of Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act by delivering a written notice to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation within two (2) business days after the occurrence of such change, then the nomination of each such proposed nominee shall be disregarded (and such nominee disqualified from standing for election or re-election), notwithstanding that the nominee is included (as applicable) as a nominee in the corporation’s proxy statement, notice of meeting or other proxy materials for any stockholder meeting (or any supplement thereto) and notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of the election of such proposed nominee may have been received by the corporation. If any Nominating Person provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act, such Nominating Person shall deliver to the corporation, no later than five (5) business days prior to the applicable meeting, reasonable evidence that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act.

(e) For any nomination to be properly brought before a meeting, the information provided by any Nominating Person or proposed nominee, including the information contained in any questionnaire, shall not contain any false or misleading information or omit any material information that has been requested, and the Nominating Person or proposed nominee shall have acted in accordance with all representations required by Section 2.4 or this Section 2.5. In the event of a failure to meet the requirements of Section 2.4 and Section 2.5, (1) the corporation may omit or, to the extent feasible, remove the information concerning the nomination from its proxy materials and/or otherwise communicate to its stockholders that the nominee is not eligible for election at the annual meeting, (2) the corporation shall not be required to include in its proxy materials any successor or replacement nominee proposed by the party and (3) the chairperson of the meeting shall declare such nomination to be invalid and such nomination shall be disregarded notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the corporation. The Board of Directors, and, subject to the supervision, direction and control of the Board of Directors, the chairperson of the meeting shall have the power to determine that a nomination was not properly made in accordance with Section 2.4 or this Section 2.5 (including, without limitation, compliance with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act) and to declare that the defective nomination shall be disregarded (and such nominee shall be disqualified from standing for election or re-election), notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of such vote may have been solicited or received by the corporation.

(f) Notwithstanding anything in these bylaws to the contrary, no proposed nominee by a Nominating Person shall be eligible for nomination or to be seated as a director of the corporation unless nominated and elected in accordance with Section 2.4 and this Section 2.5.

(g) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, unless otherwise required by applicable law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the meeting of stockholders of the corporation to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded (and such nominee disqualified from standing for election or re-election) and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that such nomination or proposed business is set forth in (as applicable) the corporation’s proxy statement, notice of meeting or other proxy materials and notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of such vote may have been solicited or received by the corporation.

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For purposes of these Bylaws, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager, trustee or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders, which writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, shall be provided to the Secretary of the corporation at least five (5) business days prior to the meeting of stockholders. 2.6 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be called only by (a) the Chair of the Board of Directors, (b) the Chief Executive Officer, (c) the President of the corporation, (d) a resolution duly adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, and (e) the Secretary upon the receipt of one or more written requests to call a special meeting from the stockholders of record of at least 10% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote at the meeting. A stockholder’s written request to call a special meeting must (i) set forth the number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the corporation owned of record and beneficially by such requesting stockholder as of the date of such request and (ii) state the business to be acted on at the requested special meeting (including the names of any nominee(s) for director). In the case of a nomination submitted pursuant to a stockholder’s written request to call a special meeting, the Company may request that any such nominee complete and return a written questionnaire (in the form provided by the corporation upon written request therefor) with respect to the background, qualifications, stock ownership and independence of such proposed nominee. Except as otherwise required by law or as provided in the certificate of incorporation of the corporation, and subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock, special meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may not be called by any other person or person. The Board may fix a record date to determine the stockholders entitled to submit written requests to call a special meeting, which record date shall not precede, and shall not be more than ten (10) days after, the date upon which the resolution fixing such record date is adopted. If no record date is fixed by the Board, the record date shall be the date that the first written request to call a special meeting is received by the Secretary. Business transacted at special meetings of stockholders of the corporation shall be confined to the purpose or purposes stated in the corporation’s notice of the meeting, which, in the case of a stockholder- request special meeting, shall be limited to: (i) the business stated in the valid special meeting requests received from holders of the requisite percentage of shares, and (ii) any additional business that the Board of Directors determines to include in the corporation’s notice of meeting. Special meetings of stockholders of the corporation shall be held at such place, on such date, and at such time as the Chair of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President of the corporation shall fix. Except as otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or applicable law, the Board of Directors may postpone, reschedule or cancel any special meeting of stockholders. 2.7 Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by law, the certificate of incorporation of the corporation, or these bylaws, written notice of each annual or special meeting of stockholders stating the place, if any, date, and time of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in

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person and vote at such meeting, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, if such date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which such special meeting is called, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting in accordance with Section 232 of the DGCL not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting.2.8 List of Stockholders. The corporation shall prepare, no later than the tenth (10th) day before each meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder; provided, however, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than ten (10) days before the meeting date, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth (10th) day before the meeting date. Nothing in this Section 2.8 shall require the corporation to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, for a period of ten (10) days ending on the date before to the meeting date: (a) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (b) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the corporation. In the event that the corporation determines to make the list available on a reasonably accessible electronic network, the corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the corporation.2.9 Organization and Conduct of Business. Such person as the Board of Directors may have designated or, in the absence of such a person, the Chair of the Board of Directors or, in his or her absence, the Chief Executive Officer or President of the corporation or, in their absence, such person as may be chosen by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereon who are present, in person or by proxy, shall call to order any meeting of the stockholders and act as chairperson of the meeting. In the absence of the Secretary of the corporation, the secretary of the meeting shall be such person as the chairperson of the meeting appoints.

The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of the stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with these Bylaws or such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairperson of the meeting shall have the authority to adopt and enforce such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all acts as, in the judgment of such chairperson, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting. Rules and regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or by the chairperson of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the authority to: (i) determine when the polls will open and close on items submitted for stockholder action and matters which are to be voted on by ballot (if any); (ii) establish an agenda or order of business for the meeting and fix the time allotted for consideration of each agenda item and for questions and comments by persons in attendance; (iii) adopt rules for determining who may pose questions and comments during the meeting; (iv) adopt rules for determining who may attend or participate in the meeting, including, without limitation, so limiting such attendees or participants to stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized and constituted proxies, qualified representatives and such other persons as the chairperson of the meeting shall permit; (v) adopt procedures, if any, requiring attendees to provide the corporation advance notice of their intent to attend the meeting; (vi) adopt rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (vii) adopt restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (viii) adopt any additional procedures or requirements for proponents submitting a proposal pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.

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2.10 Quorum. Except where otherwise required by law, the rules of any stock exchange upon which the corporation’s securities are listed, the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or these bylaws, the holders of a majority of the voting power of the capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the stockholders.2.11 Adjournments. The chairperson of the meeting, or the stockholders, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast affirmatively or negatively, or any officer entitled to preside at such meeting, shall be entitled to adjourn such meeting from time to time, whether or not a quorum is present, without notice other than announcement at the meeting. When a meeting is adjourned to another place, date or time (including an adjournment to address a technical failure to convene or continue a meeting using remote communications), notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the place, if any, date and time thereof and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are (i) announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken, (ii) displayed, during the time scheduled for the meeting, on the same electronic network used to enable stockholders and proxy holders to participate in the meeting by means of remote communication, or (iii) set forth in the notice of meeting given in accordance with Section 2.7 of these bylaws; provided, however, that if the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting in accordance with Section 222 of the DGCL. If after the adjournment a new record date for stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors shall fix a new record date for notice of such adjourned meeting in accordance with Section 2.14 of these bylaws and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting. At any adjourned meeting, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the original meeting.2.12 Voting Rights. Unless otherwise required by the DGCL or the certificate of incorporation of the corporation, each stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to one vote for each share of the capital stock having voting power held by such stockholder. No holder of shares of the corporation’s common stock shall have the right to cumulative votes.2.13 Majority Vote. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes cast affirmatively or negatively shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which a different vote is required by law, the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or these bylaws, including Section 3.2 hereof, or the rules of any a stock exchange upon which the corporation’s securities are listed.

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2.14 Record Date for Stockholder Notice and Voting.

(a) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this subsection (a).

(b) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

2.15 Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for exclusive use by the Board of Directors. 2.16 Inspectors of Election. The corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors of election to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. The corporation may designate one or more persons to act as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the chairperson of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability.

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2.17 No Action Without a Meeting. No action shall be taken by the stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of stockholders called and noticed in the manner required by these bylaws. The stockholders may not in any circumstance take action by written consent.2.18 Delivery. Irrespective of Section 116 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, whenever this Article 2 requires one or more persons (including a record or beneficial owner of stock) to deliver a document or information to the corporation or any officer, employee or agent thereof (including any notice, request, questionnaire, revocation, representation, letter or other document or agreement), such document or information must be in writing exclusively (and not in an electronic transmission) and delivered exclusively by hand (including, without limitation, overnight courier service) or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.ARTICLE 3 Directors3.1 Number of Directors. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of directors shall be fixed from time to time exclusively by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. 3.2 Director Nominations. At each annual meeting of the stockholders, directors shall be elected by a plurality of votes cast, and each director so elected shall hold office until such director’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier resignation, removal, death, or incapacity.3.3 Enlargement and Vacancies. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, and subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock then outstanding, newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors or any vacancies in the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal from office or other cause shall be filled as provided in the certificate of incorporation of the corporation. 3.4 Resignation and Removal. Any director may resign at any time upon written or electronic notice to the corporation addressed to the attention of the Chief Executive Officer, the Secretary, the Chair of the Board of Directors or the Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors, who shall in turn notify the full Board of Directors (although failure to provide such notification to the full Board of Directors shall not impact the effectiveness of such resignation). Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt of such notice by one of the individuals designated above unless the notice specifies such resignation to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other event. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock then outstanding, any director, or the entire Board, may be removed from office at any time as provided in the certificate of incorporation of the corporation.3.5 Powers. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors, which may exercise all such powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or by these bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.3.6 Chair of the Board of Directors.

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The directors shall elect a Chair of the Board of Directors and may elect a Vice Chair of the Board, each to hold such office until their successor is elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal. In the absence or disability of the Chair of the Board of Directors, the Vice Chair of the Board, if one has been elected, or another director designated by the Board of Directors, shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chair of the Board of Directors. The Chair of the Board of Directors of the corporation shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and shall have such other duties as may be vested in the Chair of the Board of Directors by the Board of Directors. The Vice Chair of the Board of the corporation shall have such duties as may be vested in the Vice Chair of the Board by the Board of Directors.3.7 Place of Meetings. The Board of Directors may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware.3.8 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and place, if any, as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that any director who is absent when such a determination is made shall be given prompt notice of such determination.3.9 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chair of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or by the written request of a majority of the directors then in office. Notice of the time and place, if any, of special meetings shall be delivered personally or by telephone to each director, or sent by first-class mail or courier service, facsimile transmission, or by electronic mail or other electronic transmission, charges prepaid. In case such notice is mailed, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least three (3) days prior to the time of holding of the meeting. In case such notice is delivered personally or by telephone or by courier service, facsimile transmission, or electronic mail or other electronic transmission, it shall be so delivered at least twenty-four (24) hours prior to the time of the holding of the meeting. A notice or waiver of notice of a meeting of the Board of Directors need not specify the purposes of the meeting.3.10 Quorum, Action at Meeting, Adjournments. At all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors then in office, but in no case less than ⅓ of the total number of authorized directors whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically required by law or by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or these bylaws. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.3.11 Action Without Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or these bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission.

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After such action is taken, the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions shall be filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.3.12 Remote Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or these bylaws, any member of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee, as the case may be, by means of conference telephone or by any form of communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.3.13 Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not the member or members present constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all of the lawfully delegated powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the directors or in such rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as possible in the same manner as is provided in these bylaws for the conduct of its business by the Board of Directors.3.14 Fees and Compensation of Directors. The Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors.ARTICLE 4 Officers4.1 Officers Designated. The officers of the corporation shall be chosen by or in the manner determined by the Board of Directors and shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Secretary and a Chief Financial Officer. The Board of Directors may also choose a Treasurer, one or more Vice Presidents, and one or more assistant Secretaries or assistant Treasurers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or these bylaws otherwise provide.

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4.2 Election. The Board of Directors shall choose a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Secretary and a Chief Financial Officer. Other officers may be appointed by the Board of Directors or may be appointed pursuant to a delegation of authority from the Board of Directors.4.3 Tenure. Each officer of the corporation shall hold office until such officer’s successor is appointed and qualified, unless a different term is specified at the appointment of such officer, or until such officer’s earlier death, resignation, removal or incapacity. Any officer may be removed with or without cause at any time by the Board of Directors or a committee duly authorized to do so (or in the manner determined by the Board of Directors). Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation may be filled by or in the manner determined by the Board of Directors, at its discretion. Any officer may resign by delivering such officer’s written resignation to the corporation to the attention of the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other event.4.4 The Chief Executive Officer. Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chair of the Board of Directors, in the absence of the Chair of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors, shall have general and active management of the business of the corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. He or she shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be delegated by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation.4.5 The President. The President shall, in the event there is no Chief Executive Officer or in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer or in the event of his or her disability, perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer, and when so acting, shall have the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Chief Executive Officer. The President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed for such person by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or these bylaws.4.6 The Vice President. The Vice President, if any (or in the event there be more than one, the Vice Presidents in the order designated by the directors, or in the absence of any designation, in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the President or in the event of his or her disability or refusal to act, perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The Vice President(s) shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed for such person(s) by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or these bylaws.4.7 The Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and the stockholders and record all votes and the proceedings of the meetings in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing committees, when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chair of the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, under whose supervision he or she shall act.

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The Secretary shall sign such instruments on behalf of the corporation as the Secretary may be authorized to sign by the Board of Directors or by law and shall countersign, attest and affix the corporate seal to all certificates and instruments where such countersigning or such sealing and attesting are necessary to their true and proper execution. 4.8 The Assistant Secretary. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, any Assistant Secretaries in the order designated by the Board of Directors (or in the absence of any designation, in the order of their election) shall assist the Secretary in the performance of his or her duties and, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors.4.9 The Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall be the principal financial officer in charge of the general accounting books, accounting and cost records and forms. The Chief Financial Officer may also serve as the principal accounting officer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. 4.10 The Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers. The Treasurer (if one is appointed) shall have such duties as may be specified by the Chief Financial Officer to assist the Chief Financial Officer in the performance of his or her duties and to perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. It shall be the duty of any Assistant Treasurers to assist the Treasurer in the performance of his or her duties and to perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer.4.11 Bond. If required by the Board of Directors, any officer shall give the corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties and upon such terms and conditions as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors, including without limitation a bond for the faithful performance of the duties of such officer’s office and for the restoration to the corporation of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in such officer’s possession or under such officer’s control and belonging to the corporation.4.12 Delegation of Authority. The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officers or agents, notwithstanding any provision hereof.ARTICLE 5 Notices5.1 Notice to Stockholders. Without limiting the manner by which notice may otherwise be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the corporation under the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation of the corporation, or the bylaws may be given in any manner permitted by, and shall be deemed delivered as provided in, Section 232 of the DGCL.

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5.2 Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of law or of the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or of these bylaws, a written waiver, signed by the person entitled to notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, directors or members of a committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice or any waiver by electronic transmission unless so required by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or these bylaws.ARTICLE 6 Indemnification of Directors and Officers6.1 Right to Indemnification. Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or an officer of the corporation or, while a director or officer of the corporation, is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer or trustee of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (hereinafter an “indemnitee”), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, or trustee or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, or trustee, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the corporation to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the corporation to provide prior to such amendment), against all expense, liability, and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties, and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection therewith; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 6.3 of this Article 6 with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification or advancement, the corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the corporation. For purposes of this Article 6, an “officer” of the corporation shall mean a person elected as an officer by the Board of Directors; provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, any person who is or was an employee of the Corporation that has been given or has used the title of “vice president” or any other title that could be construed to suggest or imply that such person is or may be an officer of the Corporation shall not be considered an “officer” of the corporation for purposes of this Article 6 unless the Board of Directors elected such person to hold such an office. 6.2 Right to Advancement of Expenses. In addition to the right to indemnification conferred in Section 6.1 of this Article 6, an indemnitee shall also have the right to be paid by the corporation the expenses (including attorney’s fees) incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition (hereinafter an “advancement of expenses”); provided, however, that, an advancement of expenses incurred by an indemnitee shall be made only upon delivery to the corporation of an undertaking (hereinafter an “undertaking”), by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (hereinafter a “final adjudication”) that such indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this Section 6.2 or otherwise.6.3 Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit.

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If a claim under Section 6.1 or 6.2 of this Article 6 is not paid in full by the corporation within 90 days after a written claim has been received by the corporation, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. To the fullest extent permitted by law, if successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In (a) any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense that, and (b) in any suit brought by the corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that, the indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the DGCL. Neither the failure of the corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL, nor an actual determination by the corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or brought by the corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article 6 or otherwise shall be on the corporation.6.4 Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in this Article 6 shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or directors, or otherwise.6.5 Insurance. The corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise against any expense, liability, or loss, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability, or loss under the DGCL.6.6 Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation. The Board of Directors is authorized to enter into a contract with any director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or any person serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including employee benefit plans, providing for the right to indemnification and/or the advancement of expenses.6.7 Nature of Rights.

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The rights conferred upon indemnitees in this Article 6 shall be contract rights and such rights shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, or trustee and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee’s heirs, executors, and administrators. Any amendment, alteration, or repeal of this Article 6 that adversely affects any right of an indemnitee or its successors shall be prospective only and shall not limit, eliminate, or impair any such right with respect to any proceeding involving any occurrence or alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that took place prior to such amendment or repeal.6.8 Severability. If any word, clause, provision or provisions of this Article 6 shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Article 6 (including, without limitation, each portion of any Section or paragraph of this Article 6 containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article 6 (including, without limitation, each such portion of any Section or paragraph of this Article 6 containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.ARTICLE 7 Capital Stock7.1 Certificates for Shares. The shares of the corporation shall be (a) represented by certificates or (b) provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated and evidenced by a book-entry system maintained by or through the corporation’s transfer agent or registrar. Certificates shall be signed by, or in the name of, the corporation by any two authorized officers of the corporation, including the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Secretary, or the Chief Financial Officer, representing the number of shares registered in certificate form. Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated stock, the corporation shall send or cause to be sent to the registered owner thereof a written notice or electronic transmission containing the information required by Section 151(f) of the DGCL or a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. 7.2 Signatures on Certificates. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or

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registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.7.3 Transfer of Stock. Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate of shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, and proper evidence of compliance of other conditions to rightful transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books. Upon receipt of proper transfer instructions and proper evidence of compliance of other conditions to rightful transfer from the registered owner of uncertificated shares, such uncertificated shares shall be canceled and issuance of new equivalent uncertificated shares or certificated shares shall be made to the person entitled thereto and the transaction shall be recorded upon the books of the corporation.7.4 Registered Stockholders. The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise required by the laws of Delaware.7.5 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The corporation may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed. The corporation may require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or his or her legal representative, to give the corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against the corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares. ARTICLE 8

General Provisions8.1 Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject to any restrictions contained in the DGCL or the provisions of the certificate of incorporation of the corporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting or by unanimous written consent. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of capital stock, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation of the corporation.8.2 Checks. All checks or demands for money and notes of the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors or its designees may from time to time designate.

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8.3 Corporate Seal. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, adopt a corporate seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the corporation, the year of its organization and the word “Delaware.” The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or otherwise reproduced. The seal may be altered from time to time by the Board of Directors. 8.4 Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments. The Board of Directors, except as otherwise provided in these bylaws, may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. 8.5 Representation of Shares or Interests of Other Entities. The Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President, the Chief Financial Officer or the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the corporation is authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of the corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any corporation or corporations or similar ownership interests of other business entities standing in the name of the corporation. The authority herein granted to said officers to vote or represent on behalf of the corporation any and all shares or similar ownership interests held by the corporation in any other corporation or corporations or other business entities may be exercised either by such officers in person or by any other person authorized so to do by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by said officers.ARTICLE 9 Forum for Adjudication of Disputes9.1 Exclusive Forum; Delaware Chancery Court. To the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if that court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, another federal or state court located within the State of Delaware), shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought in the name or right of the corporation or on its behalf, (b) any action or proceeding asserting a claim for breach of any fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, employee, agent, or stockholder of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation’s stockholders, (c) any action or proceeding arising or asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or any provision of the certificate of incorporation of the corporation, any issuance of preferred stock of the corporation, or these bylaws, (d) any action or proceeding to interpret, apply, enforce, or determine the validity of the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or these bylaws, or (e) any action or proceeding asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. If any action, the subject matter of which is within the scope of this Section, is filed in a court other than the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or, if that court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, another federal or state court located within the State of Delaware (a “Foreign Action”) by or on behalf of any current or former stockholder (including a current or former beneficial owner), that stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to: (x) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce this Section (an “Enforcement Action”), and (y) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such Enforcement Action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder, in each case, to the fullest extent permitted by law.

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Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 9.1.9.2 Exclusive Forum; Federal District Courts. Unless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act of 1933. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any security of the corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 9.2. 9.3 Failure to Enforce Exclusive Forum. Failure to enforce the provisions contained in this Article 9 would cause the corporation irreparable harm, and the corporation shall be entitled to equitable relief, including injunctive relief and specific performance, to enforce the foregoing provisions.ARTICLE 10 Amendments Subject to the laws of the State of Delaware, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws of the corporation, without any action on the part of the stockholders, by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the Board of Directors. In addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the corporation required by law, by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation, the bylaws may also be adopted, amended or repealed by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%) of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the capital stock of the corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class.

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