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About Mesa Air Group, Inc.

Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, Mesa Air Group, Inc. ("Mesa", the "Company", "we", "our", or "us") is the holding company of Mesa Airlines, a regional air carrier providing scheduled passenger service to 82 cities in 36 states, the District of Columbia, Canada, Cuba, and Mexico as well as cargo services out of Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport. Mesa operated or maintained as operational spares a fleet of 80 regional aircraft with approximately 280 daily departures and 2,246 employees as of December 31, 2023. Mesa’s fleet were conducted under the Company’s Capacity Purchase Agreement ("CPA") and Flight Services Agreement ("FSA"), leased to a third party, held for sale, or maintained as operational spares. Mesa operates all of its flights as either United Express or DHL Express flights pursuant to the terms of the CPA entered into United and FSA with DHL (each, our “major partner”). Except as set forth in the following sentence, all of the Company’s consolidated contract revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were derived from operations associated with the CPA, FSA, and leases of aircraft to a third party. Revenues during the period ended December 31, 2022 also included revenues derived from our CPA with American Airlines, Inc. ("American"), which terminated in April 2023.

The United CPA involves a revenue-guarantee arrangement whereby United pays fixed-fees for each aircraft under contract, departure, flight hour (measured from takeoff to landing, excluding taxi time) or block hour (measured from takeoff to landing, including taxi time), and reimbursement of certain direct operating expenses in exchange for providing flight services. United also pays certain expenses directly to suppliers, such as fuel, ground operations and landing fees. Under the terms of the CPA, United controls route selection, pricing, and seat inventories, reducing our exposure to fluctuations in passenger traffic, fare levels, and fuel prices. Under our FSA with DHL, we receive a fee per block hour with a minimum block hour guarantee in exchange for providing cargo flight services. Ground support expenses including fueling and airport fees are paid directly by DHL.

Impact of Pilot Shortage and Transition of Operations to United

During our three months ended December 31, 2023 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, the severity of the pilot shortage, elevated pilot attrition, the transition of our operations with American to United, and increasing costs associated with pilot wages adversely impacted our financial results, cash flows, financial position, and other key financial ratios. One of the primary factors contributing to the pilot shortage and attrition is the demand for pilots at major carriers, which are hiring at an accelerated rate. These airlines now seek to increase their capacity to meet the growing demand for air travel. A primary source of pilots for the major U.S. passenger and cargo carriers are the U.S. regional airlines. As a result of the pilot shortage and attrition, the Company has increased overall hourly pay of nearly 118% for captains and 172% for new hires.

As a result of pilot shortage, we produced less block hours to generate revenues. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, these challenges resulted in a negative impact on the Company’s financial results highlighted by cash flows used in operations of $7.8 million and net loss of $57.9 million, including a non-cash impairment charge of $40.4 million related to the Company designating eight CRJ-900 aircraft, 11 CRJ-900 airframes (without engines), and 48 spare engines as held for sale. These conditions and events raised financial concerns about our ability to continue to fund our operations and meet our debt obligations over the next twelve months from the filing of this Form 10-Q.

To address such concerns, management developed and implemented several material changes to our business designed to ensure the Company could continue to fund its operations and meet its debt obligations over the next twelve months. The Company implemented the following measures during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

The Company believes the plans and initiatives outlined above have effectively alleviated the financial concerns and will allow the Company to meet its cash obligations for the next twelve months following the issuance of its financial statements. On April 22, 2024, the Company entered into a binding Memorandum that provides for the payment of certain commitment fee amounts by the Company, which are due in May, July, and August, along with certain RASPRO Trust administration fee amounts, in consideration for the deferral of the buyout obligation until September 2024. Certain of the commitment fee amounts and Trust fees otherwise payable will be waived if the Company completes its purchase obligations with respect to all 15 airframes and 30 engines as set forth in the Memorandum. The terms agreed to in the Memorandum will be set forth in a definitive lease amendment to be entered into by the parties.

The forecast of undiscounted cash flows prepared to determine if the Company has the ability to meet its cash obligations over the next twelve months was prepared with significant judgment and estimates of future cash flows based on projections of CPA and FSA block hours, maintenance events, labor costs, and other relevant factors. Assumptions used in the forecast may change or not occur as expected.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has $156.8 million of principal maturity payments on long-term debt due within the next twelve months. We plan to meet these obligations with our cash on hand, ongoing cashflows from our operations, as well as the liquidity created from the additional measures identified above. If our plans are not realized, we intend to explore additional opportunities to create liquidity by refinancing and deferring repayment of our principal maturity payments that are due within the next twelve months. The Company continues to monitor covenant compliance with its lenders as any noncompliance could have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, cash flows and results of operations.

United Capacity Purchase Agreement

Under the United CPA, we have the ability to fly up to 80 aircraft for United. The aircraft can be a mix of any number of E-175, or CRJ-900 aircraft so long as the number of aircraft operating at any given time does not exceed 80. As of December 31, 2023, we operated 54 E-175 and 26 CRJ-900 aircraft under our Third Amended and Restated Capacity Purchase Agreement with United dated December 27, 2022, which amended and restated the Second Amended and Restated Capacity Purchase Agreement dated November 4, 2020 (as amended, the “United CPA” or the "Amended and Restated United CPA"). Under the United CPA, United owns 42 of our 60 E-175 aircraft. The E-175 aircraft owned by United and leased to us have terms expiring between 2024 and 2028, and the 18 E-175 aircraft owned by us have terms expiring in 2028.

In exchange for providing flight services under our United CPA, we receive a fixed monthly minimum amount per aircraft under contract plus certain additional amounts based upon the number of flights and block hours flown and the results of passenger satisfaction surveys. United also reimburses us for certain costs on an actual basis, including property tax per aircraft and passenger liability insurance. Other expenses, including fuel and certain landing fees, are directly paid to suppliers by United.

United reimburses us on a pass-through basis for certain costs related to heavy airframe and engine maintenance, landing gear, auxiliary power units ("APUs") and component maintenance for the aircraft owned by United. Our United CPA permits United, subject to certain conditions, including the payment of certain costs tied to aircraft type, to terminate the agreement in its discretion, or remove aircraft from service, by giving us notice of 90 days or more. If United elects to terminate our United CPA in its entirety or permanently remove select aircraft from service, we are permitted to return any of the affected aircraft leased from United at no cost to us. In addition, if United removes any of our 18 owned E-175 aircraft from service at its direction, United would remain obligated, at our option, to assume the aircraft ownership and associated debt with respect to such aircraft through the end of the term of the United CPA.

On December 27, 2022, we entered into the Amended and Restated United CPA, which provides, among other things, for the following amended terms:

In January 2024, the Amended and Restated United CPA was amended with the January 2024 United CPA Amendments which provide for the following:

Additionally, in January 2023, in consideration for entering in the Amended and Restated United CPA and providing the revolving line of credit, discussed in Note 8, the Company (i) granted United the right to designate one individual to the Company's board of directors (the "United Designee"), which occurred effective May 2, 2023 with the appointment of Jonathan Ireland and (ii) issued to United 4,042,061 shares of the Company’s common stock equal to approximately 10% of the Company’s issued and outstanding capital stock on such date (the "United Shares"). United's board designee rights will terminate at such time as United's equity ownership in the Company falls below five percent (5%) of the Company's issued and outstanding stock.

United was also granted pre-emptive rights relating to the issuance of any equity securities by the Company and certain registration rights, set forth in a definitive registration rights agreement with United, granting United customary demand registration rights in respect of publicly registered offerings of the Company, subject to usual and customary exceptions and limitations.

Pursuant to the United CPA, we agreed to lease our CRJ-700 aircraft to another United Express service provider for a term of nine years. We ceased operating our CRJ-700 fleet in February 2021 in connection with the transfer of those aircraft into a lease agreement. During August of 2022, we committed to a formal plan to sell 18 of our CRJ-700 aircraft and terminated the leases on the 18 CRJ-700 aircraft, which have all subsequently been sold.

Our United CPA is subject to termination prior to its expiration, including under the following circumstances:

On February 29, 2024, March 29, 2024, April 1, 2024, April 19, 2024, and April 30, 2024, we received individual notices from United exercising its right under Section 2.4(a) of the United CPA to remove a total of 10 CRJ-900 Covered Aircraft (as defined in the United CPA), effective as follows: two aircraft - March 31, 2024; two aircraft - April 30, 2024; one aircraft - May 21, 2024; one aircraft - May 31, 2024; two aircraft - June 30, 2024; and two aircraft - July 31, 2024.

DHL Flight Services Agreement

On December 20, 2019, we entered into a Flight Services Agreement with DHL (the “DHL FSA”). Under the terms of the DHL FSA, we operate four Boeing 737 aircraft which are leased to us from DHL and a third party to provide cargo air transportation services as of December 31, 2023. In exchange for providing cargo flight services, we receive a fee per block hour with a minimum block hour guarantee. We are eligible for a monthly performance bonus or subject to a monthly penalty based on timeliness and completion performance. Ground support expenses including fueling and airport fees are paid directly by DHL.

Under our DHL FSA, DHL leases two Boeing 737-400F aircraft and one 737-800F and subleases them to us at nominal amounts. DHL reimburses us on a pass-through basis for all costs related to heavy maintenance including C-checks, off-wing engine maintenance and overhauls including life limited parts (“LLPs”), landing gear overhauls and LLPs, thrust reverser overhauls, and APU overhauls and LLPs. Certain items such as fuel, de-icing fluids, landing fees, aircraft ground handling fees, en-route navigation fees, and custom fees are paid directly to suppliers by DHL or otherwise reimbursed if incurred by us. A third Boeing 737-400F aircraft is leased to us under an operating lease by a third party.

The DHL FSA expires five years from the commencement date of the first aircraft placed into service, which was in October 2020. DHL has the option to extend the agreement with respect to one or more aircraft for a period of one year with 90 days’ advance written notice.

Our DHL FSA is subject to the following termination rights prior to its expiration:

In February 2024, we mutually agreed to the consensual wind-down of our flight operations on behalf of DHL and ceased all such operations on March 1, 2024.

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As of December 31, 2023, our chief operating decision maker was the Chief Executive Officer. While we operate under a capacity purchase agreement and a flight services agreement, we do not manage our business based on any performance measure at the individual contract level. Our chief operating decision maker uses consolidated financial information to evaluate our performance and allocate resources, which is the same basis on which he communicates our results and performance to our Board of Directors. Accordingly, we have a single operating and reportable segment.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020-04”). This ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for a limited period of time for accounting for contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, has determined that the U.S. dollar LIBOR will be replaced by the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). Optional expedients can be applied through December 31, 2024. Under the expedient, the Company will account for amendments to agreements as if the modification was not substantial. The new carrying amounts of debts will consist of the carrying amount of the original debt and any additional fees associated with the modified debt instrument. A new effective yield will be established based on the new carrying amount and revised cash flows.

In June 2022, the FASB issued new guidance to clarify the fair value measurement guidance for equity securities subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security. Further, the guidance introduces new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value. The standard will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim reporting periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

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Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents that are primarily held by financial institutions in the United States and accounts receivable. Amounts on deposit with a financial institution may at times exceed federally insured limits. We maintain our cash accounts with high credit quality financial institutions and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to the financial institutions.

As of December 31, 2023, we had $3.1 million in restricted cash. We have an agreement with a financial institution for a letter of credit facility and to issue letters of credit for particular airport authorities, worker's compensation insurance, property and casualty insurance and other business needs as required in certain lease agreements. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, $3.1 million of outstanding letters of credit are required to be collateralized by amounts on deposit.

Significant customers are those which represent more than 10% of our total revenue or net accounts receivable balance at each respective balance sheet date. All of our revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was derived from the American and United CPAs, DHL FSA, and from leases of our CRJ-700 aircraft to GoJet. Substantially all of our accounts receivable at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 was derived from these agreements.

American accounted for 0% and approximately 45% of our total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. United accounted for approximately 96% and 50% of our total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The wind-down period of the American CPA ended on April 3, 2023, at which the American CPA was officially terminated. A termination of the United CPA would have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Amounts billed under our agreements are subject to our interpretation of the applicable agreement and are subject to audit by our major partners. Periodically, our major partners dispute amounts billed and pay amounts less than the amount billed. Ultimate collection of the remaining amounts not only depends upon the Company prevailing under the applicable audit, but also upon the financial well-being of the major partner. As such, we review amounts due based on historical collection trends, the financial condition of the major partners, and current external market factors and record a reserve for amounts estimated to be uncollectible in accordance with the applicable guidance for expected credit losses. Our allowance for doubtful accounts was not material as of December 31, 2023 or September 30, 2023. If our ability to collect these receivables and the financial viability of our major partners is materially different than estimated, our estimate of the allowance for credit losses could be materially impacted.

During 2022, our management committed to a formal plan to sell certain of our CRJ-900, CRJ-200, and CRJ-700 aircraft. Accordingly, we determined the aircraft met the criteria to be classified as assets held for sale and have separately presented them in our condensed consolidated balance sheet at the lower of their current carrying value or their fair market value less costs to sell. The fair values are based upon observable and unobservable inputs, including recent purchase offers and market trends and conditions. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of our assets held for sale are subject to inherent uncertainty and could produce a wide range of outcomes which we will continue to monitor in future periods as new information becomes available. Prior to the ultimate sale of the assets, subsequent changes in our estimate of the fair value of our assets held for sale will be recorded as a gain or loss with a corresponding adjustment to the assets’ carrying value.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had 15 CRJ-900 aircraft classified as held for sale with a net book value of $69.7 million, $57.7 million was classified as classified as current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and $12.0 million of which was classified as noncurrent assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company closed the sale of four CRJ-900 aircraft to American for gross proceeds of $41.5 million. Net proceeds from the sale of all four aircraft was $5.7 million after the retirement of the EDC Loan and MHIRJ junior note. Additionally, during the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company closed the sale of four CRJ-900 aircraft to a third party for gross proceeds of $12.0 million. Net proceeds from the sale of all four aircraft was $6.5 million after partial debt reduction on the UST Loan. The sale of these assets reduced the total held for sale balance by $53.9 million, $41.9 million of which reduced the balance of current held for sale assets and $12.0 million of which reduced the balance of noncurrent held for sale assets.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, eight CRJ-900 aircraft, 11 CRJ-900 airframes (without engines), and 48 GE model CF34-8C engines were designated as held for sale. The Company wrote down the value of the assets with signed purchase agreements to the agreed upon sales price, which approximates fair value, and wrote down the value of held for sale assets with no signed agreement to a third party appraisal value.

The Company reclassified $111.7 million to held for sale related to these assets, $71.4 million of which is classified as current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and $40.3 million of which is classified as noncurrent assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company recorded an impairment loss of $45.5 million on the assets designated as held for sale during the three months ended December 31, 2023, which was slightly offset by a $5.1 million impairment gain due to fair value adjustments on assets previously designated as held for sale. The total impairment loss related to held for sale assets during the three months ended December 31, 2023 was $40.4 million.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has 15 CRJ-900 aircraft, 11 CRJ-900 airframes (without engines), and 48 engines that are classified as assets held for sale with a net book value of $132.6 million, $92.3 million of which is classified as current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and $40.3 million of which is classified as noncurrent assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The following table summarizes the Company's held for sale activity during the three months ended December 31, 2023 (in millions):

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Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company monitors for any indicators of impairment of the long-lived fixed assets. When certain conditions or changes in the economic situation exist, the assets may be impaired and the carrying amount of the assets exceed their fair value. The assets are then tested for recoverability of carrying amount. The Company records impairment charges on long-lived assets used in operations when events and circumstances indicate that the assets may be impaired, the undiscounted net cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets, and the net book value of the assets exceeds their estimated fair value.

We group assets at the capacity purchase agreement, flight services agreement, and fleet-type level (i.e., the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows). If impairment indicators exist with respect to any of the asset groups, we estimate future cash flows based on projections of capacity purchase or flight services agreement, block hours, maintenance events, labor costs and other relevant factors.

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, due to the impacts of the pilot shortage and the pilot wage increase, the Company assessed whether any indicators of impairment existed in any of our long-lived asset groups. The Company concluded that the net book value of our United asset group was fully recoverable and did not record any impairment.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, eight CRJ-900 aircraft, 11 CRJ-900 airframes (without engines), and 48 GE model CF34-7C engines were reclassified to held for sale and evaluated for impairment. The Company determined that the carrying value of the assets exceeded their estimated fair value and recognized an impairment loss of $40.4 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023 related to the held for sale aircraft. The Company determined that no other indicators of impairment were present during the quarter and no further steps were determined to be necessary.

The Company’s assumptions about future conditions relevant to the assessment of potential impairment of its long-lived assets are subject to uncertainty, and the Company will continue to monitor these conditions in future periods as new information becomes available, and will update its analyses accordingly.

Depreciation Expense on Property and Equipment:

Depreciation of property and equipment totaled $13.3 million and $14.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Other Assets

In connection with a negotiated forward purchase contract for electrically-powered vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (“eVTOL aircraft”) executed in February 2021, we obtained equity warrant assets giving us the right to acquire a number shares of common stock in Archer Aviation, Inc. (“Archer”), which at the time of our initial investment was a private, venture-backed company. As the initial investment in Archer did not have a readily determinable fair value, we accounted for this investment using the measurement alternative under ASC 321, Investments – Equity Securities, and measured the investments at cost less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments from the same issuer. We estimated the initial equity warrant asset value to be $16.4 million based on publicly available information as of the grant date. In September 2021, the merger between Archer and a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”) was completed, resulting in a readily determinable fair value of our investments in Archer. Accordingly, gains and losses associated with changes in the fair value of our investments in Archer are reported in earnings, in accordance with ASC 321.

The initial grant date values of the warrants, $16.4 million, was recognized as a vendor credit liability within other noncurrent liabilities. The liability related to the warrant assets will be settled in the future, as a reduction of the acquisition date value of the eVTOL aircraft contemplated in the related aircraft purchase agreement.

In connection with closing of the merger between Archer and the SPAC described above, in September 2021, we purchased 500,000 Class A common shares in Archer for $5.0 million and obtained an additional warrant to purchase shares of Archer with a total grant date value of $5.6 million. The initial value of the warrants was recognized as a vendor credit liability within other noncurrent liabilities, and will be settled in the future, as a reduction of the acquisition date value of the eVTOL aircraft contemplated in the related aircraft purchase agreement. Because these investments have readily determinable fair values, gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value of the investments are reflected in earnings, in accordance with ASC 321. All of our vested warrants have been exercised into shares of Archer common stock.

The fair values of the Company’s investments in Archer are Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy as the values are determined using quoted prices for the equity securities. The Company recorded a $2.5 million unrealized gain on the investment in Archer during the three months ended December 31, 2023. The total value of the investment in Archer is $13.9 million as of December 31, 2023.

In connection with a negotiated forward purchase contract for fully electric aircraft executed in July 2021, we obtained $5.0 million of preferred stock in Heart Aerospace Incorporated (“Heart”), a privately held company. Our investment in Heart does not have a readily determinable fair value, so we account for the investment using the measurement alternative under ASC 321 and measure the investment at initial cost less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments from the same issuer.

We consider a range of factors when adjusting the fair value of these investments, including, but not limited to, the term and nature of the investment, local market conditions, values for comparable securities, current and projected operating performance, financing transactions subsequent to the acquisition of the investment, or other features that indicate a change to fair value is warranted. Any changes in fair value from the initial cost of the investment in preferred stock are recognized as increases or decreases on our balance sheet and as net gains or losses on investments in equity securities. The initial investment in preferred stock was measured at cost of $5.0 million. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company transferred its vested investment in Heart to United and realized a gain on the investment of $7.2 million.

In connection with a negotiated forward purchase contract for hybrid-electric vertical takeoff and landing (“VTOL”) aircraft executed in February 2022, we obtained a warrant giving us the right to acquire a number of shares of common stock in the privately-held manufacturer of the VTOL aircraft. These investments do not have a readily determinable fair value, so we account for them using the measurement alternative under ASC 321 and measure the investments at cost less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments from the same issuer. We consider a range of factors when adjusting the fair value of these investments, including, but not limited to, the term and nature of the investment, local market conditions, values for comparable securities, current and projected operating performance, financing transactions subsequent to the acquisition of the investment or other features that indicate a discount to fair value is warranted. Any changes in fair value from the grant date value of the warrant assets will be recognized as increases or decreases to the investment on our balance sheet and as net gains or losses on investments in equity securities. We estimated the initial warrant asset value to be $3.2 million based on prices of similar investments in the same issuer. The grant date value of the warrants, $3.2 million, was recognized as a vendor credit liability within other noncurrent liabilities. The liability related to the warrant assets will be settled in the future, as a reduction of the acquisition date value of the VTOL aircraft contemplated in the related forward purchase agreement.

On March 12, 2024, the privately-held manufacturer of the VTOL aircraft, XTI Aerospace, Inc ("XTIA")., and its merger subsidiary completed their merger agreement, and began trading as XTIA on the Nasdaq Composite on March 13, 2024, resulting in a readily determinable fair value on our investment in XTIA. The fair values of the Company's investments in XTIA are now Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy as the values are determined using quoted prices for the equity securities.

Total net gain/(loss) on our investments in equity securities totaled $2.5 million and $(1.7) million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are reflected in unrealized gain/(loss) on investments, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the aggregate carrying amount of our investments in equity securities was $23.0 million and $20.3 million, respectively, and the carrying amount of our investments without readily determinable fair values was $8.8 million and $8.8 million, respectively.

Fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Accounting standards include disclosure requirements relating to the fair values used for certain financial instruments and establish a fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy prioritizes valuation inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of three levels:

Other than our assets held for sale and investments in equity securities described in Notes 5 and 6, respectively, we did not measure any of our assets or liabilities at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023.

The carrying values reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments.

Our debt agreements are not traded on an active market. We have determined the estimated fair value of our debt to be Level 3, as certain inputs used to determine the fair value of these agreements are unobservable and, therefore, could be sensitive to changes in inputs. We utilize the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of Level 3 debt.

The carrying value of collateralized aircraft and equipment as of December 31, 2023 was approximately $586.6 million.

Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificate ("EETC")

In December 2015, an Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificate ("EETC") pass-through trust was created to issue pass-through certificates to obtain financing for new E-175 aircraft. As of December 31, 2023, we had $108.8 million of equipment notes outstanding issued under the EETC financing included in long-term debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The structure of the EETC financing consists of a pass-through trust created by Mesa to issue pass-through certificates, which represent fractional undivided interests in the pass-through trust and are not obligations of Mesa.

The proceeds of the issuance of the pass-through certificates were used to purchase equipment notes which were issued by Mesa and secured by its aircraft. The payment obligations under the equipment notes are those of Mesa. Proceeds received from the sale of pass-through certificates were initially held by a depositary in escrow for the benefit of the certificate holders until Mesa issued equipment notes to the trust, which purchased such notes with a portion of the escrowed funds.

We evaluated whether the pass-through trust formed for the EETC financing is a Variable Interest Entity ("VIE") and required to be consolidated. We have determined we do not have a variable interest in the pass-through trust, and therefore, we have not consolidated the pass-through trust with our financial statements.

United Revolving Credit Facility

On December 27, 2022, in connection with entering into the Amended and Restated United CPA, (i) United agreed to purchase and assume all of First Citizens’ rights and obligations as a lender under the Existing Facility pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, (ii) United and CIT Bank agreed to amend the Existing Facility pursuant to an Amendment No. 1, dated December 27, 2022 (“Amendment No. 1”), and an Amendment No. 2, dated January 27, 2023 (“Amendment No. 2”; the Existing Facility as amended by Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2, the "Amended Facility"), and (iii) Wilmington Trust, National Association agreed to assume all of CIT Bank’s rights and obligations as Administrative Agent pursuant to an Agency Resignation, Appointment and Assumption Agreement, dated as of January 27, 2023. Amendment No. 1, among other things, extends the Maturity Date from the earlier to occur of November 30, 2028, or the date of the termination of the Amended and Restated United CPA; provides for a revolving loan of $10.5 million plus fees and expenses, which is due January 31, 2024, subject to certain mandatory prepayment requirements; provides for Revolving Commitments equal to $30.7 million plus the original principal amount of the $10.5 million revolving loan; amortization of the obligations outstanding under the existing CIT Agreement commencing quarterly until March 31, 2025; and a covenant capping Restricted Payments (as defined in the Amended Facility) at $5.0 million per fiscal year, a consolidated interest and rental coverage ratio of 1.00 to 1.00 covenant, and a Liquidity (as defined in the Amended Facility) requirement of not less than $15.0 million at the close of any business day. Interest assessed under the Amended Facility is 3.50% for Base Rate Loans and 4.50% for Term SOFR Loans (as such terms are defined in the Amended Facility). Amendment No. 2, among other things, amends the definition of Controlled Account (as defined in the Amended Facility). Amounts borrowed under this Amended Facility are secured by a collateral pool consisting of a combination of expendable parts, rotable parts and engines and a pledge of the Company’s stock in certain aviation companies. United funded $25.5 million as of the closing date of Amendment No. 1, to be used for general corporate purposes.

The United line of credit contains an additional deemed prepayment of $15 million with potential forgiveness upon the achievement of a certain number of block hours as well as maintaining a CCF of at least 99.3% over any rolling four-month period from April 2023 through December 2025. In order to earn forgiveness on the deemed prepayment, we must also have repaid the bridge loan in full. As of December 31, 2023, we have achieved $9.75 million in forgiveness. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, we earned an additional $0.75 million in forgiveness.

As the bridge loan is still outstanding as of December 31, 2023, the forgiveness is not currently recognizable. However, subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company repaid our bridge loan in full, and the $10.5 million in forgiveness achieved was recognized as a deemed prepayment. $4.5 million of the deemed prepayment remains outstanding.

On September 6, 2023, the Company amended the existing United Credit Facility to (i) permit the Company to re-draw approximately $7.9 million of the Effective Date Bridge Loan (as defined in the United Credit Facility) previously repaid; (ii) increased the amount of Revolving Commitments (as defined in the United Credit Facility) from $30.7 million to $50.7 million, in each case, plus the original principal amount of the Effective Date Bridge Loan and subject to the Borrowing Base (as defined in the United Credit Facility); and (iii) amended the calculation of the Borrowing Base. Amounts borrowed under this facility bear interest at 3.50% for Base Rate Loans and 4.50% per annum for Term SOFR Loans. Amounts borrowed under the Amended Credit Facility are secured by a collateral pool consisting of a combination of expendable parts, rotable parts and engines, a pledge of certain of the Company’s bank accounts and a pledge of the Company’s stock in certain aviation companies. As of May 23, 2024, the Company has $2.2 million available to draw on the line of credit.

On January 11, 2024 and January 19, 2024, we entered into Amendment No. 4 to our Second Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement, Amendment No. 1 to Stock Pledge Agreement and Limited Waiver of Conditions to Credit Extension ("Amendment No. 4") and Waiver and Amendment No. 5 to our Second Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement (collectively, the "January 2024 Credit Agreement Amendments"), respectively. The January 2024 Credit Agreement Amendments provide for the following:

On May 8, 2024, we entered into a Waiver Agreement to our Second Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement providing for the waiver of a certain projected financial covenant default with respect to the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2024.

Loan Agreement with the United States Department of the Treasury

On October 30, 2020, we entered into a loan and guarantee agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “U.S. Treasury”) for a secured loan facility of up to $200.0 million that matures in October 2025 (“the Treasury Loan”). During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, we borrowed an aggregate of $195.0 million. No further borrowings are available under the Treasury Loan.

The Treasury Loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to (a)(i) the SOFR rate divided by (ii) one minus the Eurodollar Reserve Percentage plus (b) 3.50%. Accrued interest on the loans is payable in arrears, or paid-in-kind by increasing the principal balance of the loan by such interest payment, on the first business day following the 14th day of each March, June, September, and December.

All principal amounts outstanding under the Treasury Loan are due and payable in a single installment on October 30, 2025. Commencing in June 2022, we initiated the payment of interest in lieu of increasing the principal amount of the loan. Our obligations under the Treasury Loan are secured by certain aircraft, aircraft engines, accounts receivable, ground service equipment, flight simulators, and tooling (collectively, the “Collateral”). The obligations under the Treasury Loan are guaranteed by the Company and Mesa Air Group Inventory Management. The proceeds were used for general corporate purposes and operating expenses, to the extent permitted by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). Voluntary prepayments of the Treasury Loan may be made, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, at any time and from time to time. Amounts prepaid may not be reborrowed. Mandatory prepayments of the Treasury Loan are required, without premium or penalty, to the extent necessary to comply with the covenants discussed below, certain dispositions of the Collateral, certain debt issuances secured by liens on the Collateral, and certain insurance payments related to the Collateral. In addition, if a “change of control” (as defined in the Treasury Loan) occurs with respect to Mesa Airlines, we will be required to repay the loans outstanding under the Treasury Loan.

The Treasury Loan requires us, under certain circumstances, including within 10 business days prior to the last business day of March and September of each year beginning March 2021, to appraise the value of the Collateral and recalculate the collateral coverage ratio. If the calculated collateral coverage ratio is less than 1.55 to 1.0, we are required either to provide additional Collateral (which may include cash collateral) to secure the obligations under the Treasury Loan or repay the term loans under the Treasury Loan, in such amounts that the recalculated collateral coverage ratio, after giving effect to any such additional Collateral or repayment, is at least 1.55 to 1.0.

The Treasury Loan contains two (2) financial covenants, a minimum collateral coverage ratio and a minimum liquidity level. The Treasury Loan also contains customary negative and affirmative covenants for credit facilities of this type, including, among others: (a) limitations on dividends and distributions; (b) limitations on the creation of certain liens; (c) restrictions on certain dispositions, investments, and acquisitions; (d) limitations on transactions with affiliates; (e) restrictions on fundamental changes to the business, and (f) restrictions on lobbying activities. Additionally, we are required to comply with the relevant provisions of the CARES Act, including limits on employment level reductions after September 30, 2020, restrictions on dividends and stock buybacks, limitations on executive compensation, and requirements to maintain certain levels of scheduled service.

In connection with the Treasury Loan and as partial compensation to the U.S. Treasury for the provision of financial assistance under the Treasury Loan, we issued to the U.S. Treasury warrants to purchase an aggregate of 4,899,497 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $3.98 per share, which was the closing price of the common stock on April 9, 2020. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable under the warrants are subject to adjustment as a result of anti-dilution provisions contained in the warrants for certain stock issuances, dividends, and other corporate actions. The warrants expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance and are exercisable either through net share settlement or net cash settlement, at our option. The fair value of the warrants was estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and recorded in stockholders' equity with an offsetting debt discount to the Treasury Loan in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Spare Engine Financing

In December 2021, we entered into a loan agreement with a financing institution to finance certain purchases of spare engines via a newly formed limited liability company (“LLC”). The loan agreement provides for aggregate borrowings of up to $54.0 million through November 2022. In December 2021, we borrowed an aggregate of $35.3 million under the loan agreement, which matures in December 2027. The borrowed amounts are collateralized by the underlying engines and require monthly principal and interest payments until maturity. In December 2022, the agreement was amended for the borrowings under the loan agreement to bear a fixed interest rate of 7.5%. The borrowings are the obligation of the newly formed LLC and are guaranteed by Mesa Airlines, Inc.

The newly formed LLC, which is wholly owned by Mesa, was determined to be a VIE for which we are the primary beneficiary because we have the power to direct the activities of the LLC that most significantly impact the LLC’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses and right to receive benefits from the LLC in our capacity as sole member of the LLC and guarantor of the borrowings. Therefore, the LLC is consolidated in our financial statements and the borrowings are reflected as long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The loan agreement contains a loan-to-value (“LTV”) financial covenant pursuant to which we are required to prepay certain amounts of the loan if the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the loan exceeds a specified percentage of the appraised value of the engines beginning in the 12th full month after closing and each June 1 and December 1 thereafter.

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Basic income or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income or loss attributable to Mesa Air Group by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

The number of incremental shares from the assumed issuance of shares relating to restricted stock and exercise of warrants is calculated by applying the treasury stock method. Share-based awards and warrants whose impact is anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method are excluded from the diluted net income or loss per share calculation. In loss periods, these incremental shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share, as the inclusion of unvested restricted stock and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect.

As discussed in Note 8, we issued warrants to the U.S. Treasury to purchase shares of our common stock, no par value, at an exercise price of $3.98 per share. The exercise price and number of shares issuable under the warrants are subject to adjustment as a result of anti-dilution provisions contained in the warrants for certain stock issuances, dividends, and other corporate actions. The warrants expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance and are exercisable either through net share settlement or net cash settlement, at our option. The warrants were accounted for within equity at a grant date fair value determined under the Black-Scholes option pricing model. As of December 31, 2023, 4,899,497 warrants were issued and outstanding.

We have not historically paid dividends on shares of our common stock. Additionally, the Treasury Loan and our aircraft lease facility with RASPRO Trust 2005, a pass-through trust, contain restrictions that limit our ability to or prohibit us from paying dividends to holders of our common stock.