23 July 2026

RESULTS FOR THE SIX MONTHS TO 30 JUNE 2026

RELX, the global provider of information-basedanalytics and decision tools, reports results for the first half of 2026 and reaffirms the full year outlook.

Chief Executive Officer, Erik Engstrom, commented:

“RELX delivered strong underlying revenue and profit growth and strong new sales in the first half of 2026: continued strong growth in Risk; a step up in growth in Scientific, Technical & Medical; a further step up in growth in Legal; and strong ongoing growth in Exhibitions.”

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“Our improving long-term growth trajectory continues to be driven by the ongoing shift in business mix towards higher growth analytics and decision tools that deliver enhanced value to our customers. We continue to develop these products by leveraging deep customer understanding to combine our unique content and comprehensive data sets with advanced technologies.”

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“The ongoing evolution of artificial intelligence is enabling us to add more value to our customers, to develop and launch higher value-add products at a faster pace, and continue to manage cost growth below revenue growth. This evolution has been a key driver of our business for well over a decade, and will remain a key driver of customer value and growth in our business for many years to come.”

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  2

Operating and financial review

Revenue £4,871m (£4,741m); underlying growth +7%.

Adjusted operating profit £1,727m (£1,652m); underlying growth +9%: Continuous process innovation to manage cost growth below revenue growth led to an improvement in the group adjusted operating margin to 35.5% (34.8%).

Reported operating profit £1,585m (£1,490m): Reported operating profit includes amortisation of acquired intangible assets of £118m (£123m).

Adjusted profit before tax £1,589m (£1,515m): The adjusted net interest expense was £138m (£137m). The average interest rate on gross debt was 3.6% (4.1%).

Reported profit before tax £1,523m (£1,283m). Reported net interest was £105m (£210m).

Tax: The adjusted tax charge was £362m (£341m). The adjusted effective tax rate was 22.8% (22.5%). The reported tax charge was £348m (£304m).

Adjusted EPS 68.6p (63.5p); constant currency growth +11%.

Reported EPS 65.7p (52.9p).

Dividend: We are declaring an interim dividend of 20.9p (19.5p), an increase of +7%.

Portfolio development: In the first half of 2026 we completed two acquisitions for a total consideration of £103m, and one small disposal.

Net debt/EBITDA 2.3x (2.2x): Net debt at 30 June 2026 was £8,733m (£7,443m). Adjusted cash flow conversion was 98% (100%).

Share buybacks: Of the previously announced £2,250m share buyback, £1,750m was completed in the first half. A further £100m has been completed since 1 July, and the remaining £400m will be deployed before the end of the year.

Corporate responsibility: RELX retains a AAA MSCI ESG rating which it has held for eleven consecutive years, is ranked in the top 1% of over 14,000 companies globally by Sustainalytics, and is a constituent of the FTSE4Good Index Series.

RELX 2026 I Interim Results  3

Operating and financial review

RELX FINANCIAL SUMMARY

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RELX uses adjusted and underlying figures as additional performance measures. Adjusted figures primarily exclude the amortisation of acquired intangible assets and other items related to acquisitions and disposals, and the associated deferred tax movements. Underlying revenue growth rates are calculated at constant currency, and exclude revenue from acquisitions until twelve months after purchase, revenue of disposals and assets held for sale, print and print-related revenue, exhibition cycling, and timing effects. Underlying adjusted operating profit growth rates are calculated on the same basis except that they do not exclude exhibition cycling, and timing effects. Constant currency growth rates are based on 2025 full-year average and hedge exchange rates. Some figures and sub-totals may add up to slightly different amounts than the totals due to rounding. Reconciliations of alternative performance measures are provided on pages 30 and 31.

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Disclaimer regarding forward-looking statements

This announcement contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the US Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or outcomes of RELX PLC (together with its subsidiaries, “RELX”, “we” or “our”) to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement. We consider any statements that are not historical facts to be “forward-looking statements”. The terms “outlook”, “estimate”, “forecast”, “project”, “plan”, “intend”, “expect”, “should”, “could”, “will”, “believe”, “trends” and similar expressions may indicate a forward-looking statement. Important factors that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from estimates or forecasts contained in the forward-looking statements include, among others: regulatory and other changes regarding the collection or use of personal data; changes in law and legal interpretation affecting our intellectual property rights and internet communications; current and future geopolitical, economic and market conditions; research integrity issues or changes in the payment model for our scientific, technical and medical research products; competitive factors in the industries in which we operate and demand for our products and services; our inability to realise the future anticipated benefits of acquisitions; compromises of our cybersecurity systems or other unauthorised access to our databases; changes in economic cycles, trading relations, communicable disease epidemics or pandemics, severe weather events, natural disasters and terrorism; failure of third parties to whom we have outsourced business activities; significant failure or interruption of our systems; our inability to retain high-quality employees and management; changes in tax laws and uncertainty in their application; exchange rate fluctuations; adverse market conditions or downgrades to the credit ratings of our debt; changes in the market values of defined benefit pension scheme assets and in the market related assumptions used to value scheme liabilities; breaches of generally accepted ethical business standards or applicable laws; and other risks referenced from time to time in the filings of RELX PLC with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this announcement. Except as may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this announcement or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  4

Operating and financial review

BUSINESS AREA ANALYSIS

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Changes in RELX Group revenue and adjusted operating profit in GBP and at constant currency include print and print-related. Underlying revenue growth rates are calculated at constant currency, and exclude revenue from acquisitions until twelve months after purchase, revenue of disposals and assets held for sale, print and print-related revenue, exhibition cycling, and timing effects. Underlying adjusted operating profit growth rates are calculated on the same basis except that they do not exclude exhibition cycling, and timing effects. Constant currency growth rates are based on 2025 full-year average and hedge exchange rates. Some figures and sub-totals may add up to slightly different amounts than the totals due to rounding.

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  5

Operating and financial review

Risk

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Strong fundamentals continuing to drive underlying revenue growth.

Underlying revenue growth of +8%. Strong growth continues to be driven across segments by our deeply embedded, AI-enabled analytics and decision tools leveraging our unique contributory and proprietary datasets.

Underlying adjusted operating profit growth of +10%, leading to an increase in adjusted operating margin.

In Business Services, strong growth continues to be driven by Financial Crime Compliance and digital Fraud & Identity solutions, and strong new sales. We continue to expand our extensive, differentiated data assets, build out our global fraud infrastructure, and more deeply integrate advanced authentication and behavioural intelligence, to address the increasing complexity of risk decisioning for customers worldwide.

In Insurance, strong growth continues to be driven by the further innovation and adoption of contributory databases and market specific solutions, and strong new sales. We continue to extend our products across the insurance continuum, and across insurance lines, while adding data sources and analytics to enhance value for customers. 

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Specialised Industry Data Services continues to be driven by Commodity Intelligence, and Government continues to be driven by analytics and decision tools.

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Full year outlook: We expect continued strong underlying revenue growth with underlying adjusted operating profit growth exceeding underlying revenue growth.

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  6

Operating and financial review

Scientific, Technical & Medical

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Improving underlying revenue growth driven by continued development of analytics and tools.

Underlying revenue growth of +6%. The step up to strong growth is driven by the evolution of the business mix towards higher growth, higher value analytics and decision tools, supported by the increasing pace of new product introductions, and strong new sales.

Underlying adjusted operating profit growth of +8%, resulting in an increase in adjusted operating margin.

In Databases, Tools & Electronic Reference, strong growth continues to be driven by higher value-add solutions, with continued rollout, adoption and usage growth of our AI-enabled tools, such as Scopus AI and Sherpath AI. We continue to expand our solution sets, built on industry-leading trusted content, with a series of new releases including our research-grade AI workspace, LeapSpace, which has been positively received by customers.

In Primary Research, good growth continues to be driven by volume growth, with article submissions growing very strongly across the portfolio.

Full year outlook: We expect continued strong underlying revenue growth with underlying adjusted operating profit growth exceeding underlying revenue growth.

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  7

Operating and financial review

Legal

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Further improvement in underlying revenue growth driven by AI-enabled legal analytics and tools.

Underlying revenue growth of +10%, a further step up in growth from full year 2025. Strong growth continues to be driven by the shift in business mix towards higher growth, higher value legal analytics and tools.

Underlying adjusted operating profit growth of +13%, leading to a further improvement in adjusted operating margin.

In Law Firms & Corporate Legal, double-digit growth is being driven by the continued adoption of our core AI-enabled legal research and analytics platform with its integrated agentic legal assistant (Lexis+ with Protégé). We continue to release new functionality and tools, including Protégé Work, integrating additional skills and capabilities into our core platform with its comprehensive, verified legal content, increasing the value-add of our trusted legal AI.

Government & Academic and News & Business continue to be driven by the further extension of analytics and decision tools.

Renewals and new sales are strong across all key segments.

Full year outlook: We expect continued strong underlying revenue growth with underlying adjusted operating profit growth exceeding underlying revenue growth.

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  8

Operating and financial review

Exhibitions

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Continued strong underlying revenue growth.

Underlying revenue growth of +6%, reflecting the strong ongoing growth profile of our event portfolio, slightly moderated by some travel disruption. Reported revenue reflects event cycling and timing, including the rescheduling of some events to the second half.

First half underlying adjusted operating profit growth and margin also reflect these cycling and timing effects.

We continue to make good progress on value-enhancing digital initiatives, with increased usage of our growing range of digital tools for both exhibitors and attendees at our face-to-face events.

Full year outlook: Aside from uncertainty around remaining events in the Middle East, we continue to expect strong underlying revenue growth with an improvement in adjusted operating margin over the prior full year.

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  9

Operating and financial review

Revenue

Group underlying revenue growth in the first half was 7%, with all four business areas contributing to underlying growth. There was continued strong growth in Risk, a step up in growth in Scientific, Technical & Medical, a further step up in growth in Legal and strong ongoing growth in Exhibitions. Performance of the business areas is discussed further on pages 5 to 8.

Print and print-related revenue declined in the first half to £157m (2025: £189m).

Disposals, exhibition cycling and timing effects and the decline in revenue from print and print-related activities all combined to reduce group revenue by 2%. The impact of currency movements was to reduce group revenue growth in GBP by 2%. Total revenue was £4,871m (2025: £4,741m).

Profit

Group underlying growth in adjusted operating profit in the first half was 9%, with growth in each business area ahead of revenue growth other than Exhibitions which was impacted by the rescheduling of some events to the second half. Performance of the business areas is discussed further on pages 5 to 8.

The adjusted operating profit from print and print-related activities reduced to £78m (2025: £84m).

Disposals and the reduction in profit contribution from print and print-related activities combined to reduce group adjusted operating profit by 2%. Currency effects decreased adjusted operating profit in GBP by 2%. Total adjusted operating profit was £1,727m (2025: £1,652m).

The overall adjusted operating margin improved by 0.7 percentage points to 35.5% (2025: 34.8%), driven by the underlying performance. EBITDA margin also improved, by 0.7 percentage points, to 40.9% (2025: 40.2%).

Reported operating profit was £1,585m (2025: £1,490m) up 6%.

Adjusted net interest expense was £138m (2025: £137m), with higher debt balances offset by average interest rates being lower than the prior period at 3.6% (2025: 4.1%).

Adjusted profit before tax was £1,589m (2025: £1,515m), up 5%. Reported profit before tax was £1,523m (2025: £1,283m) up 19%, including the benefit of gains on disposals.

The adjusted net interest expense and adjusted profit before tax exclude a gain of £31m (2025: charge of £68m) for the mark-to-market movement on cross-currency interest rate swaps entered into as a hedge of foreign currency exposures, but for which hedge accounting cannot be applied. They also exclude the net pension financing credit of £1m (2025: charge of £5m).

The amortisation charge in respect of acquired intangible assets was £118m (2025: £123m). Acquisition and disposal related items were £15m (2025: £32m).

The adjusted tax charge was £362m (2025: £341m). The adjusted effective tax rate was 22.8% (2025: 22.5%).

The adjusted tax charge excludes movements in deferred taxation assets and liabilities related to goodwill and acquired intangible assets, but includes the benefit of tax amortisation where available on

RELX 2026 I Interim Results  10

Operating and financial review

those items. Adjusted operating profit from joint ventures and associates is grossed up for our equity share of interest and taxation.

The application of tax law and practice is subject to some uncertainty and amounts are provided in respect of this. Discussions with tax authorities relating to cross-border transactions and other matters are ongoing. Although the outcome of open items cannot be predicted, no significant impact on profitability is expected.

The reported tax charge was £348m (2025: £304m), including tax associated with the amortisation of acquired intangible assets, fair value movements, disposals and other non-operating items.

The adjusted net profit attributable to shareholders was £1,225m (2025: £1,171m), up 7% at constant currency and up 5% after currency movements. Adjusted earnings per share was up 11% at constant currency, and after changes in exchange rates was up 8% to 68.6p (2025: 63.5p).

The reported net profit attributable to shareholders was £1,173m (2025: £976m). Reported earnings per share was 65.7p (2025: 52.9p).

Cash flows

*Net of sublease receipts

Adjusted cash flow was £1,691m (2025: £1,652m), up 2% compared with the prior period. The rate of conversion of adjusted operating profit to adjusted cash flow was 98% (2025: 100%).

Capital expenditure was £292m (2025: £255m), including £280m (2025: £243m) in respect of capitalised development costs, reflecting sustained investment in new products. Capital expenditure was 6.0% (2025: 5.4%) of revenue and excludes pre-publication costs of £54m (2025: £46m) that were capitalised as current assets and principal lease repayments of £16m (2025: £21m). Depreciation and other amortisation charged within adjusted operating profit was £265m (2025: £256m). This includes amortisation of internally developed intangible assets of £193m (2025: £173m) and depreciation of property, plant and equipment of £12m (2025: £14m) which combined represent 4.2% (2025: 3.9%) of revenue.

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  11

Operating and financial review

* Net of cash tax relief on acquisition and disposal related items and including cash tax impact of disposals.

* Includes share option exercise proceeds, leases and timing effects of acquisitions, disposals and transactions with non-controlling interests.

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Total consideration on acquisitions completed in the period was £103m (2025: £262m). Cash spent on acquisitions was £118m (2025: £240m) reflecting timing of deferred consideration for past and current year acquisitions. Cash spent on venture capital investments was £26m (2025: £23m). Total consideration from disposals completed in the period was £62m (2025: £11m). Net cash inflow from disposals was £54m (2025: £4m).

Share repurchases in the first half were £1,750m (2025: £1,000m). Further details are provided below. Proceeds from the exercise of share options were £7m (2025: £17m).

Debt

Net debt at 30 June 2026 was £8,733m, an increase of £1,532m since 31 December 2025, as explained in the table above. The majority of our borrowings are denominated in US dollars and euros. In US dollars, net debt at 30 June 2026 was $11,615m, an increase of $1,894m since 31 December 2025. As the US dollar was stronger against the euro at 30 June 2026 compared to 31 December 2025, currency effects decreased net debt in US dollars. Excluding currency translation effects, net debt increased by £1,584m when expressed in sterling and by $2,140m when expressed in US dollars.

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Gross debt of £8,906m (31 December 2025: £7,267m) is comprised of bank and bond borrowings of £8,787m (31 December 2025: £7,170m) and lease liabilities of £119m (31 December 2025: £97m). The fair value of derivative liabilities designated as hedging instruments was £73m (31 December 2025: £60m), the fair value of cross-currency interest rate swap assets not designated as hedging instruments was £26m (31 December 2025: liabilities of £5m) and cash and cash equivalents totalled £220m (31 December 2025: £131m). In aggregate, these give the net debt figure of £8,733m (31 December 2025: £7,201m).

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  12

Operating and financial review

As at 30 June 2026, gross bank and bond borrowings had a weighted average life remaining of 3.7 years and a total of 54% of them were at fixed rates, after taking into account interest rate derivatives. The ratio of net debt (including pensions) to EBITDA (adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation) for the twelve months to 30 June 2026 was 2.3x (31 December 2025: 2.0x), calculated in US dollars.

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At 30 June 2026, there was a net positive pension accounting balance (pension assets less pension obligations) of £87m (31 December 2025: £43m).

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Liquidity

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In June 2026, EUR denominated term debt was issued of €750m with a fixed coupon of 3.25% and a maturity of 3 years and €750m with a fixed coupon of 3.75% and a maturity of 8 years. The Group has ample liquidity and access to debt capital markets, providing the ability to repay or refinance debt as it matures and to fund ongoing requirements. The Group has access to committed bank facilities aggregating c.$4.1bn, with $3.5bn of these facilities maturing in November 2030 with the option to extend for two years. These facilities provide security of funding for short-term debt, and remain undrawn.

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Alternative performance measures

RELX uses a range of alternative performance measures (APMs) in the reporting of financial information, which are not defined by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) such as IFRS. These APMs are used by the Board and management as they believe they provide relevant information in assessing the Group’s performance, position and cash flows, enable investors to track more clearly the core operational performance of the Group, and provide a clear basis for assessing RELX’s ability to raise debt and invest in new business opportunities.

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Management also uses these financial measures, along with IFRS financial measures, in evaluating the operating performance of the Group as a whole and of the individual business areas. These measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information presented in compliance with IFRS. The measures may not be directly comparable to similarly reported measures by other companies. Reconciliation of alternative performance measures is shown on pages 30 and 31.

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Dividends and share repurchases

The interim dividend declared by the Board is 20.9p per share, an increase of 7%. The dividend policy of RELX PLC is, over the longer term, to grow dividends broadly in line with adjusted earnings per share, paying out approximately half of adjusted earnings in dividends each year.

During the first half of 2026, a total of 69.2m RELX PLC shares were repurchased at an average price of 2,529p. Total consideration for these repurchases was £1,750m (2025: £1,000m). A further £60m (2025: £75m) of shares were purchased by the Employee Benefit Trust. As at 30 June 2026, total shares in issue, net of shares held in treasury and shares held by the Employee Benefit Trust, amounted to 1,749.8m. As at 22 July, a further 4.1m shares have been repurchased since 1 July 2026.

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  13

Operating and financial review

Corporate responsibility

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We have set meaningful corporate responsibility objectives on our unique contributions to society, as well as sustainability issues more broadly, aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to help advance this global agenda by 2030.

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In 2026, our public corporate responsibility objectives include:

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To progress our unique contributions in the year to date, we have increased content on the free RELX SDG Resource Centre with a number of special collections, including for Earth Day, World Water Day and the 2026 RELX SDG Inspiration Day, which focused on climate action and brought together more than 1,100 investors, employees, government representatives, corporate peers, youth and other stakeholders from more than 100 countries.

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We are currently ranked in the top 1% across all companies in Sustainalytics and have maintained a AAA sustainability rating with MSCI for an 11th consecutive year.

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Key corporate responsibility data can be found on page 36 of the 2025 Annual Report available on our website at www.relx.com. In addition, our Sustainability Statement aligned with the EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosure can be found from page 208 of the 2025 Annual Report.

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  14

Principal and emerging risks

The Audit Committee and Board have considered the principal and emerging risks which could affect RELX PLC for the financial year as summarised below.

Data privacy

In the course of our business, we process personal data from customers, end users, employees and other sources. Certain business areas rely extensively upon content that includes personal data from public records, governmental authorities, publicly available information and media, and other information companies, including competitors. Changes in data privacy legislation, regulation, and/or enforcement could impact our ability to collect and use personal data, potentially affecting the availability and effectiveness of our products.  Failure or perceived failure, by us, our customers or suppliers, to comply with requirements for proper collection, use, sharing, storage, transfer and other processing of personal data may damage our reputation, divert time and effort of management and other resources, increase cost of operations, and expose us to risk of loss, fines and penalties, litigation, and increased regulation.

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Intellectual property rights

Our products and services include and utilise intellectual property and we rely on our commercial agreements as well as trademark, copyright, patent, trade secret and other intellectual property laws to establish and protect our proprietary rights in this intellectual property. Such intellectual property laws are subject to national legislative initiatives, cross-border initiatives such as those from the European Commission and increased judicial scrutiny in several jurisdictions in which we operate that could weaken such protections. There is a risk that our proprietary rights and copyright protections could be infringed or circumvented, including by companies leveraging technology tools and AI, which may impact demand for and pricing of our products and services.

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Geopolitical, economic and market conditions

Demand for our products and services, and our ability to operate internationally, may be adversely impacted by geopolitical, economic and market conditions beyond our control. These include acts of war and civil unrest; political conflicts and tensions; international sanctions; economic cycles; the impact of the effect of changes in inflation and interest rates in major economies; trading relations between the United States, Europe, China and other major economies; as well as levels of government and private funding for our markets.

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Evolution of primary research publishing

Maintaining quality and integrity in primary scientific research is core to our Scientific, Technical & Medical (STM) business. There is a risk that we may not detect some erroneous or fraudulent research papers that are submitted to our journals. In addition, payment models in scientific research publishing are evolving, with ‘pay-to-publish’ (commonly referred to as Open Access) becoming a larger share relative to ‘pay-to-read’. Rapid changes in customer choice, regulation, or technologies in this area could impact the revenue mix and growth in primary publishing.

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  15

Principal and emerging risks

Customer demand for our products

Our businesses are dependent on the continued demand by our customers for our products and services and the value placed on them. We operate in highly competitive and dynamic markets, and the means of delivery, customer demand for, and the products and services themselves, continue to change in response to technological innovations, including advances in artificial intelligence, workflow tools, legislative and regulatory changes and other factors. While we leverage technological evolution to increase the value of our proprietary data assets and deeply embedded analytics, failure to anticipate and quickly adapt to these changes, enhance the value of our solutions, or effectively integrate evolving technologies, could impact demand for our products and services and consequently adversely affect our revenue or the long-term returns from our investment in higher value-add information-based analytics and decision tools.

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Acquisitions

We supplement our organic development with selected acquisitions. If we are unable to generate the anticipated benefits such as revenue growth, accelerated product development or cost savings associated with these acquisitions, it could adversely affect return on invested capital and financial condition or lead to an impairment of goodwill or intangibles.

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Cybersecurity 

Our businesses maintain and use online databases and platforms delivering our products and services, which we rely on, and provide data to third parties, including customers and service providers. These databases and information are a target for compromise and face a risk of unauthorised access and use by unauthorised parties including through cyber, ransomware, malware, phishing and other social engineering attacks on us or our third-party service providers.

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Our cybersecurity measures, and the measures used by our third-party service providers, may not detect or prevent all attempts to compromise our systems, which may jeopardise the security or integrity of the data we maintain or may disrupt our systems. Failures of our cybersecurity measures could result in unauthorised access to our systems, misappropriation of our or our users’ data, deletion or modification of stored information or other interruption to our business operations. As techniques used to obtain unauthorised access to or to sabotage systems change frequently (including automated tools such as generative-AI assisted) and may not be known until launched against us or our third-party service providers we may be unable to anticipate or implement adequate measures to protect against these attacks and our service providers and customers may likewise be unable to do so.

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Compromises of our or our third-party service providers’ systems could adversely affect our financial performance, damage our reputation and expose us to risk of loss, fines and penalties, litigation and increased regulation.

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Face-to-face events 

Face-to-face events are susceptible to economic cycles, changes in trading relations, communicable diseases, severe weather events and other natural disasters, terrorism and availability of venues. Each or any of these may impact our ability to hold face-to-face events, and exhibitors’ and visitors’ desire and ability to travel in person to events. These factors each have the potential to reduce revenues, increase the costs of organising events and adversely affect cash flows and reputation.

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Supply chain dependencies

Our organisational and operational structures depend on suppliers including outsourced and offshored functions, as well as cloud service, software, and large language model providers. Poor performance, failure or breach of third parties to whom we have contracted could adversely affect our business performance, reputation and financial condition.

RELX 2026 I Interim Results  16

Principal and emerging risks

We source content to enable information solutions for our professional customers. The disruption or loss of data sources, either because of regulations, or because data suppliers decide not to supply them, may impose limits on our collection and use of certain kinds of information and our ability to communicate, offer or make such information available or useful to our customers.

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Technology and business resilience

Our businesses are dependent on electronic platforms and networks, including third-party data centres, cloud providers, network systems and the internet, for delivery of our products and services. These could be adversely affected if our electronic delivery platforms, networks, power sources or supporting infrastructure experience a significant failure or interruption.

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Talent

The implementation and execution of our strategies and business plans depend on our ability to recruit, motivate, develop, and retain a diverse population of skilled employees and management. We compete globally and across business sectors for diverse, talented management and skilled individuals, particularly those with technology, data analytics and artificial intelligence capabilities. An inability to recruit, motivate or retain key employees with the right overall mix of skills, or to develop capabilities in emerging technologies, such as AI, at an appropriate pace could adversely affect our business performance.

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Tax

Our businesses operate globally, and our profits are subject to taxation in many different jurisdictions and at differing tax rates. Tax laws and tax rates that currently apply to our businesses may be amended by the relevant authorities or interpreted differently by them, and these changes could adversely affect our reported results.

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Treasury

The RELX PLC consolidated financial statements are expressed in pounds sterling and are subject to movements in exchange rates on the translation of the financial information of businesses whose operational currencies are other than sterling. The United States is our most important market and, accordingly, significant fluctuations in the US dollar exchange rate could significantly affect our reported results. We also earn revenues and incur costs in a range of other currencies, including the Euro and the Yen, and significant fluctuations in these exchange rates could also significantly impact our reported results.

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Macroeconomic, political and market conditions may adversely affect the availability and terms of short- and long-term funding, volatility of interest rates, the credit quality of our counterparties, currency exchange rates and inflation. The majority of our outstanding debt instruments are, and any of our future debt instruments may be, publicly rated by independent rating agencies. Our borrowing costs and access to capital may be adversely affected if the credit ratings assigned to our debt are downgraded.

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Pensions

We primarily operate defined contribution pension schemes around the world, but also have legacy defined benefit pension schemes in the United Kingdom and the United States. The UK defined benefit pension scheme has been closed to new hires since 2010 and will close to future benefit accruals in 2027. The US defined benefit pension scheme closed to future accruals in 2019.  The assets and obligations associated with these pension schemes are sensitive to changes in the market values of the scheme’s investments and the market-related assumptions used to value scheme liabilities. Adverse changes to asset values, discount rates, longevity assumptions or inflation could increase funding requirements.

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RELX 2026 I Interim Results  17

Principal and emerging risks

Ethics

As a global provider of professional information solutions we, our employees, major suppliers and partners are expected to adhere to high standards of integrity and ethical conduct, including those related to anti-bribery and anti-corruption, data protection, use of artificial intelligence, fraud, sanctions, competition and principled business conduct. A breach of generally accepted ethical business standards or applicable laws could adversely affect our business performance, reputation, and financial condition.

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Condensed consolidated financial information

Condensed consolidated income statement

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Summary financial information is presented in US dollars on pages 32 and 33.

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Condensed consolidated financial information

Condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income

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Condensed consolidated financial information

Condensed consolidated statement of cash flows

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Condensed consolidated financial information

Condensed consolidated statement of financial position

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