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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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FORM 20-F
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(Mark One)
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
for the transition period from _________ to
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SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Date of event requiring this shell company report ______
Commission file number 33-65728
SOCIEDAD QUIMICA Y MINERA DE CHILE S.A.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
CHEMICAL AND MINING COMPANY OF CHILE INC.
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
CHILE
(Jurisdiction of incorporation)
El Trovador 4285, 6th floor, Santiago, Chile +56 2 2425 2000
(Address of principal executive offices)
Gerardo Illanes +56 2 2425-2485, gerardo.illanes@sqm.com, El Trovador 4285, 6th floor
Santiago, Chile, 7550079
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)
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Securities registered or to be registered, pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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| Title of each class |
Trading Symbol(s) |
Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Series B common shares, in the form of American Depositary Shares each representing one Series B share |
SQM |
New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital stock or common stock as of the close of business covered by the annual report.
Series A Common Shares 142,819,552
Series B Common Shares 142,818,904
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No o
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted, electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards † provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. x
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U.S. GAAP o |
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International Financial Reporting Standards as issued
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If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 o Item 18 o
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION
In this Annual Report on Form 20-F, for the year ended December 31, 2023 (this “Form 20-F”), except as otherwise provided or unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “we,” “us,” “Company” or “SQM” are to Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A., an open stock corporation (sociedad anónima abierta) organized under the laws of the Republic of Chile, and its consolidated subsidiaries.
All references to “US$,” “U.S. dollars,” “USD” and “dollars” are to United States dollars, references to “pesos,” “CLP” and “Ch$” are to Chilean pesos, references to ThUS$ are to thousands of United States dollars, references to ThCh$ are to thousands of Chilean pesos and references to “UF” are to Unidades de Fomento. The UF is an inflation-indexed, peso-denominated unit that is linked to, and adjusted daily to reflect changes in, the previous month’s Chilean consumer price index. As of December 31, 2023, UF 1.00 was equivalent to US$41.94 and Ch$36,789.36 according to the Chilean Central Bank (Banco Central de Chile). As of March 1, 2024, UF 1.00 was equivalent to US$38.01 and Ch$36,865.37.
The Republic of Chile is governed by a democratic government, organized in fifteen regions plus the Metropolitan Region (surrounding and including Santiago, the capital of Chile). Our production operations are concentrated in northern Chile, specifically in the Tarapacá Region and in the Antofagasta Region.
We use the metric system of weights and measures in calculating our operating and other data. The United States equivalent units of the most common metric units used by us are as shown below:
1 kilometer equals approximately 0.6214 miles
1 meter equals approximately 3.2808 feet
1 centimeter equals approximately 0.3937 inches
1 hectare equals approximately 2.4710 acres
1 metric ton (“MT” or “metric ton”) equals 1,000 kilograms or approximately 2,205 pounds.
We are not aware of any independent, authoritative source of information regarding sizes, growth rates or market shares for most of our markets. Accordingly, the market size, market growth rate and market share estimates contained herein have been developed by us using internal and external sources and reflect our best current estimates. These estimates have not been confirmed by independent sources.
Percentages and certain amounts contained herein have been rounded for ease of presentation. Any discrepancies in any figure between totals and the sums of the amounts presented are due to rounding.
GLOSSARY
“assay values” Chemical result or mineral component amount contained by the sample.
“average global metallurgical recoveries” Percentage that measures the metallurgical treatment effectiveness based on the quantitative relationship between the initial product contained in the mine-extracted material and the final product produced in the plant.
“average mining exploitation factor” Index or ratio that measures the mineral exploitation effectiveness, based on the quantitative relationship between (in-situ mineral minus exploitation losses) / in-situ mineral.
“CAGR” Compound annual growth rate, the year over year growth rate of an investment over a specified period of time.
“cash and cash equivalents” The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) defines cash and cash equivalents as short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
“CCHEN” The Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission (Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear).
"Codelco" The National Copper Corporation of Chile (Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile), a Chilean state-owned copper mining company.
“Controller Group” * A person or company or group of persons or companies that according to Chilean law, have executed a joint performance agreement, that have a direct or indirect share in a company’s ownership and have the power to influence the decisions of the company’s management.
“Corfo” Production Development Corporation (Corporación de Fomento de la Producción), formed in 1939, a Chilean national organization in charge of promoting Chile’s manufacturing productivity and commercial development.
“CMF” The Chilean Financial Market Commission. (La Comisión para el Mercado Financiero).
“cut-off grade” The minimal assay value or chemical amount of some mineral component above which exploitation is economical.
“dilution” Loss of mineral grade because of contamination with barren material (or waste) incorporated in some exploited ore mineral.
“exploitation losses” Amounts of ore mineral that have not been extracted in accordance with exploitation designs.
“fertigation” The process by which plant nutrients are applied to the ground using an irrigation system.
“geostatistical analysis” Statistical tools applied to mining planning, geology and geochemical data that allow estimation of averages, grades and quantities of mineral resources and reserves.
“heap leaching” A process whereby minerals are leached from a heap, or pad, of ROM (run of mine) ore by leaching solutions percolating down through the heap and collected from a sloping, impermeable liner below the pad.
“horizontal layering” Rock mass (stratiform seam) with generally uniform thickness that conform to the sedimentary fields (mineralized and horizontal rock in these cases).
“hypothetical resources” Mineral resources that have limited geochemical reconnaissance, based mainly on geological data and sample assay values spaced between 500–1000 meters.
“Indicated Mineral Resource” ** That part of a mineral resource with a level of geological confidence between that of measured and inferred resources; quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of adequate geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological certainty associated with an indicated mineral resource is sufficient to allow a qualified person to apply modifying factors in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.
“Inferred Mineral Resource” ** That part of a mineral resource with the lowest level of geological confidence; quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of limited geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological uncertainty associated with an inferred mineral resource is too high to apply relevant technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospects of economic extraction in a manner useful for evaluation of economic viability.
“industrial crops” Refers to crops that require processing after harvest in order to be ready for consumption or sale. Tobacco, tea and seed crops are examples of industrial crops.
“Kriging Method” A technique used to estimate ore reserves, in which the spatial distribution of continuous geophysical variables is estimated using control points where values are known.
“LIBOR” London Inter Bank Offered Rate.
“limited reconnaissance” Low or limited level of geological knowledge.
“Measured Mineral Resource” ** That part of a mineral resource with the highest level of geological confidence; quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of conclusive geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological certainty associated with a measured mineral resource is sufficient to allow a qualified person to apply modifying factors in sufficient detail to support detailed mine planning and final evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.
“metallurgical treatment” A set of chemical and physical processes applied to the caliche ore and to the salar brines to extract their useful minerals (or metals).
“Mineral Reserve” ** An estimate of tonnage and grade or quality of indicated and measured mineral resources that, in the opinion of the qualified person, can be the basis of an economically viable project. More specifically, it is the economically mineable part of a measured or indicated mineral resource, which includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined or extracted.
“Mineral Resource” ** A concentration or occurrence of material of economic interest in or on the earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for economic extraction. A mineral resource is a reasonable estimate of mineralization, taking into account relevant factors such as cut-off grade, likely mining dimensions, location or continuity, that, with the assumed and justifiable technical and economic conditions, is likely to, in whole or in part, become economically extractable. It is not merely an inventory of all mineralization drilled or sampled.
“ore depth” Depth of the mineral that may be economically exploited.
“ore type” Main mineral having economic value contained in the caliche ore (sodium nitrate or iodine).
“ore” A mineral or rock from which a substance having economic value may be extracted.
“Probable Mineral Reserve” ** The economically mineable part of an indicated and, in some cases, a measured mineral resource.
“Proven Mineral Reserve” ** The economically mineable part of a measured mineral resource and can only result from conversion of a measured mineral resource.
“solar salts” A mixture of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate used in the storage of thermo-energy.
“vat leaching” A process whereby minerals are extracted from crushed ore by placing the ore in large vats containing leaching solutions.
“waste” Rock or mineral which is not economical for metallurgical treatment.
“Weighted average age” The sum of the product of the age of each fixed asset at a given facility and its current gross book value as of December 31, 2023 divided by the total gross book value of the Company’s fixed assets at such facility as of December 31, 2023.
*The definition of a Controller Group that has been provided is the one that applied to the Company. Chilean law provides for a broader definition of a “controller group”, as such term is defined in Title XV of Chilean Law No. 18,045 (Ley de Mercado de Valores or the “Securities Market Law”).
**The definitions we use for resources and reserves are as defined in subpart 1300 of SEC Regulation S-K.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 20-F contains statements that are or may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are not based on historical facts and reflect our expectations for future events and results. Words such as “believe,” “expect,” “predict,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “should,” “may,” “likely,” “could” or similar expressions may identify forward-looking information. These statements appear throughout this Form 20-F and include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of the Company and its management, including but not limited to any statements concerning:
•trends affecting the prices and volumes of the products we sell and the effects on our results;
•level of reserves, quality of the ore and brines, and production levels and yields;
•our capital investment program and financing sources
•our Sustainable Development Plan;
•development of new products, anticipated cost synergies and product and service line growth;
•our business outlook, future economic performance, anticipated profitability, revenues, expenses, or other financial items;
•our negotiation with Codelco and the potential partnership for the production of lithium products from the Salar de Atacama during the period from 2025 to 2060;
•the future impact of competition; and
•regulatory changes.
Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those described in such forward-looking statements included in this Form 20-F, including, without limitation, the information under “Item 4. Information on the Company,” “Item Number 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.” Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to:
•volatility of demand and global prices for our products, including demand for products that incorporate our products into their components (e.g., electric vehicles which use batteries incorporating our lithium products);
•political, economic and demographic developments in certain emerging market countries, where we conduct a large portion of our business;
•the impact of the public health pandemics, such as COVID-19 or other communicable infections or diseases, including any new strain and any associated economic downturn on our future operating and financial performance;
•changes in production capacities;
•the nature and extent of future competition in our principal markets;
•our ability to implement our capital expenditures program, including our ability to obtain financing when required;
•changes in raw material and energy prices;
•currency and interest rate fluctuations;
•risks relating to the estimation of our reserves;
•changes in quality standards or technology applications;
•adverse legal, regulatory or labor disputes or proceedings;
•changes in governmental policy or regulations;
•a potential change of control of our company; and
•additional risk factors discussed below under Item 3. “Key Information—Risk Factors."
SUMMARY OF RISK FACTORS
•Our inability to extend or renew on favorable terms the mineral exploitation rights relating to the Salar de Atacama concession beyond their current expiration date in December 2030 could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•Volatility of world lithium, fertilizer and other chemical prices and changes in production capacities could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•Our sales could be impacted by global shipping constraints.
•Our sales to emerging markets and expansion strategy expose us to risks related to economic conditions and trends in those countries.
•Our inventory levels may vary for economic or operational reasons.
•New production of iodine, potassium nitrate or lithium from current or new competitors in the markets in which we operate could adversely affect prices.
•We have a capital expenditure program that is subject to significant risks and uncertainties.
•High raw materials and energy prices could increase our production costs of sales, and energy may become unavailable at any price.
•Our reserve estimates could be subject to significant changes, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•The growth of our lithium business depends on the growth in demand for electric vehicles using lithium-based batteries and reduced demand in the adoption of electric vehicles by consumers could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•Any reduction, elimination or discriminatory application of government subsidies, tax credits and other economic incentives for electric vehicles may reduce the competitiveness of electric vehicles and their demand, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
•The development of new battery technologies that use no, or significantly less, lithium, could materially and adversely impact our prospects and future revenues.
•To the extent that our competitors implement new and more efficient technologies for extraction of lithium and are able to produce lithium for a lower cost than we can, our lithium products may not be competitively priced, which could reduce demand for our lithium products and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•Chemical and physical properties of our products could adversely affect their commercialization.
•Changes in technology or other developments could result in preferences for substitute products.
•We are exposed to labor strikes and labor liabilities that could impact our production levels and costs.
•We are and might be subject to new and upcoming labor laws and regulations in Chile and may be exposed to liabilities and potential costs for non-compliance.
•Lawsuits and arbitrations could adversely impact us.
•We have operations in multiple jurisdictions with differing regulatory, tax and other regimes.
•Environmental laws and regulations could expose us to higher costs, liabilities, claims and failure to meet current and future production targets.
•A significant percentage of our shares are held by two principal shareholder groups. Any change in such principal shareholder groups may result in a change of control of the Company or of its Board of Directors or its management, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•Tianqi is a significant shareholder and a competitor of the Company, which could result in risks to free competition.
•Our information technology systems may be vulnerable to disruption which could place our systems at risk from data loss, operational failure, or compromise of confidential information.
•International trade tensions could have a negative effect on our financial performance.
•Heightened tensions in international relations with China could result in political and economic measures against Chinese-owned companies, which may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
•Outbreaks of communicable infections or diseases, or other public health pandemics, such as COVID-19, have impacted and may further impact the markets in which we, our customers and our suppliers operate or market and sell products and could have a material adverse effect on our operations business, financial condition and results of operations.
•If our stakeholders and other constituencies believe we fail to appropriately address sustainability and other environmental, social and governance (ESG) concerns, it may adversely affect our business.
•Climate change and a global transition to a low carbon economy can create physical risks and other risks that could adversely affect our business and operations and adverse weather conditions or significant changes in weather patterns could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
•Currency fluctuations may have a negative effect on our financial performance.
•We may be subject to risks associated with the discontinuation, reform or replacement of benchmark indices.
•The new National Lithium Strategy announced by the Chilean government in April 2023 has created and may continue to create uncertainty in the Chilean lithium industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our business performance or the value of our shares and ADSs.
•As we are a company based in Chile, we are exposed to political risks and civil unrest in Chile.
•Changes to the Chilean Constitution could impact a wide range of rights, including mining rights, water rights and property rights generally, and could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•Changes in regulations regarding, or any revocation or suspension of mining, port or other concessions could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•Changes in water rights laws and other regulations could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•The Chilean Congress is considering a draft bill that declares lithium mining to be in the national interest, which if passed in its current form, could enable the expropriation of our lithium assets.
•The Chilean government could levy additional taxes on mining companies, which may include lithium exploitation companies, operating in Chile.
•New legislation affecting mining licenses could materially adversely affect our mining licenses and mining concessions.
•Ratification of the International Labor Organization’s Convention 169 concerning indigenous and tribal peoples might affect our development plans.
•Our operations and projects are subject to risks related to our relationships and/or agreements with local communities and laws on the rights of indigenous peoples.
•Chile has different corporate disclosure and accounting standards than those you may be familiar with in the United States.
•Chile is located in a seismically active region.
•The price of our ADSs and the U.S. dollar value of any dividends will be affected by fluctuations in the U.S. dollar/Chilean peso exchange rate.
•Developments in other emerging markets could materially affect the value of our ADSs and our shares.
•The volatility and low liquidity of the Chilean securities markets could affect the ability of our shareholders to sell our ADSs.
•Our share or ADS price may react negatively to future acquisitions, divestitures, associations, capital increases and investments.
•ADS holders may be unable to enforce rights under U.S. securities laws.
•As preemptive rights may be unavailable for our ADS holders, they have the risk of their holdings being diluted if we issue new stock.
•If we were classified as a Passive Foreign Investment Company by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, there could be adverse consequences for U.S. investors.
•Receipt of dividends and distributions by ADS holders may be limited by practical considerations and legal limitations, which may delay the payment and receipt of dividends and distributions by ADS holders.
•Changes in Chilean tax regulations could have adverse tax consequences for U.S. investors.
•If measures to minimize bad debt exposure are ineffective or our accounts receivable increase significantly, it may result in losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•Quality standards in markets in which we sell our products could become stricter over time.
•Our business is subject to many operating and other risks which may not be fully covered by insurance.
•Our water supply could be affected by geological changes or climate changes.
•Any loss of key personnel may materially and adversely affect our business.
•Failure to comply with Chilean and international anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and trade laws to which we are subject could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•We are subject to risk related to armed conflicts in other areas of the world, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
3.A.[Reserved]
3.B.Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
3.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
3.D.Risk Factors
Our operations are subject to certain risk factors that may affect SQM’s business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations. In addition to other information contained in this Form 20-F, you should carefully consider the risks described below. These risks are not the only ones we face. Additional risks not currently known to us or that are known but that we currently believe are not significant may also affect our business operations. Our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations could be materially affected by any of these risks.
Risks Relating to our Business
Our inability to extend or renew on favorable terms the mineral exploitation rights relating to the Salar de Atacama concession, upon which our business is substantially dependent, beyond their current expiration date in December 2030 could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our subsidiary SQM Salar S.A. (“SQM Salar”), as leaseholder, holds exclusive and temporary rights to exploit mineral resources in the Salar de Atacama in northern Chile. These rights are owned by Corfo, a Chilean government entity, and leased to SQM Salar pursuant to (i) a lease agreement over mining exploitation concessions with Corfo, as amended from time to time, and (ii) the Salar de Atacama project agreement with Corfo, as amended from time to time (collectively, the “Corfo Agreements”). The Corfo Agreements provide for SQM Salar to (i) make quarterly lease payments to Corfo based on product sales from the leased mining properties and annual contributions to research and development, to local communities, to the Antofagasta Regional Government and to the municipalities of San Pedro de Atacama, María Elena and Antofagasta, (ii) maintain Corfo’s rights over the mining exploitation concessions and (iii) make annual payments to the Chilean government for such concession rights. The Corfo Agreements expire on December 31, 2030. On December 27, 2023, SQM and Codelco, Chilean state-owned copper mining company which had been mandated by the Chilean government to negotiate its participation in the lithium operations in the Salar de Atacama, signed a non-binding memorandum of understanding (MoU), which, among other matters, established the framework for the terms and conditions of the definitive agreements for a joint venture through which SQM Salar may continue to exploit mineral resources in the Salar de Atacama until 2060. See also “— Risks Relating to Chile — The new National Lithium Strategy announced by the Chilean government in April 2023 has created and may continue to create uncertainty in the Chilean lithium industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our business performance or the value of our shares and ADSs.” The definitive agreements are subject to negotiation and we cannot guarantee that said agreements will be implemented.
Our business is substantially dependent on the exploitation rights under the Corfo Agreements, since all of our products originating from the Salar de Atacama are derived from our extraction operations under the Corfo Agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2023, revenues related to products originating from the Salar de Atacama represented 73% of our consolidated revenues, consisting of revenues from our potassium business line and our lithium and derivatives business line for the period.
As of December 31, 2023, only seven years remain on the term of the Corfo Agreements and we had extracted approximately 43% of the total permitted accumulated extraction and sales limit of lithium under the lithium extraction and sales limits.
In the event that we are not able to reach definitive agreements with Codelco or extend or renew the Corfo Agreements beyond the current expiration date in 2030, we would be unable to continue extraction of lithium and potassium under the Corfo Agreements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Volatility of world lithium, fertilizer and other chemical prices and changes in production capacities could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The prices of our products are determined principally by world prices, which, in some cases, have been subject to substantial volatility in recent years. World lithium, fertilizer and other chemical prices constantly vary depending upon the relationship between supply and demand at any given time. Supply and demand dynamics for our products are tied to a certain extent to global economic cycles and have been impacted by circumstances related to such cycles. Furthermore, the supply of lithium, certain fertilizers, or other chemical products, including certain products that we provide, varies principally depending on the production of the major producers, (including us) and their respective business strategies.
We expect that prices for the products we manufacture will continue to be influenced, among other things, by worldwide supply and demand and the business strategies of major producers. Some of the major producers (including us) have increased or decreased production and have the ability to increase or decrease production.
As a result of the above, the prices of our products may be subject to substantial volatility. For example, during 2023, average lithium prices decreased from US$52,000 per metric ton in 2022 to US$30,500 per metric ton during the year ended December 31, 2023. High volatility or a substantial decline in the prices or sales volumes of one or more of our products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our sales could be impacted by global shipping constraints
We sell our products in more than 100 countries in the world. Our products are shipped in containers or break bulk format from the port terminals in Antofagasta, Tocopilla, Mejillones and Iquique in Chile. The challenges in the global shipping industry in the recent years have led to congestion in ports, a shortage in containers, and a lack of space on ships. Because of this situation, we face a risk of potential supply chain disruptions that may adversely affect our operations and ability to deliver our products to our customers. Depending on the terms of shipments to customers, the risk of loss related to these shipping issues could fall on us. Additionally, our revenues and collections may also be adversely affected by significant increases in the cost of transportation, as a result of increases in fuel or labor costs, higher demand for logistics services, or otherwise, and transportation delays that could have a negative impact on our sales agreements and customer relationships.
Our sales to emerging markets and expansion strategy expose us to risks related to economic conditions and trends in those countries.
We sell our products in more than 100 countries around the world. In 2023, approximately 58% of our sales were made in emerging market countries: 44% in Asia and Oceania (excluding Australia, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea and Singapore), 7% in Latin America (excluding Chile); 3% in Africa and the Middle East (excluding Israel); and 3% in Chile. In Note 21.1 to our consolidated financial statements, we reported revenues from Chile, Latin America and the Caribbean and Asia and others of US$5.9 billion. We expect to expand our sales in these and other emerging markets in the future. In addition, we may carry out acquisitions or joint ventures in jurisdictions in which we currently do not operate, relating to any of our businesses or to new businesses in which we believe we may have sustainable competitive advantages. The results of our operations and our prospects in other countries in which we establish operations will depend, in part, on the general level of political stability, economic activity and policies in those countries as well as the duration of the COVID-19 or other pandemics. Future developments in the political systems or economies of these countries or the implementation of future governmental policies in those countries, including the imposition of withholding and other taxes, restrictions on the payment of dividends or repatriation of capital, the imposition of import duties or other restrictions, the imposition of new environmental regulations or price controls or changes in relevant laws or regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations in those countries.
Our inventory levels may vary for economic or operational reasons.
In general, economic conditions or operational factors can affect our inventory levels. Higher inventories carry a financial risk due to increased need for cash to fund working capital and could imply an increased risk of loss of product. At the same time, lower levels of inventory can hinder the distribution network and process, thus impacting sales volumes. There can be no assurance that inventory levels will remain stable. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
New production of lithium, iodine and potassium nitrate from current or new competitors in the markets in which we operate could adversely affect prices.
In recent years, new and existing competitors have increased the supply of lithium, iodine and potassium nitrate, which has affected prices for those products. Further production increases could negatively impact prices. There is limited information on the status of new lithium, iodine and potassium nitrate production capacity expansion projects being developed by current and potential competitors and, as such, we cannot make accurate projections regarding the capacities of possible new entrants into the market and the dates on which they could become operational. If these potential projects are completed in the short term, they could adversely affect market prices and our market share, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have a capital expenditure program that is subject to significant risks and uncertainties.
Our business is capital intensive. Specifically, the exploration and exploitation of reserves, mining and processing costs, the maintenance of machinery and equipment and compliance with applicable laws and regulations require substantial capital expenditures. We must continue to invest capital to maintain or to increase our exploitation levels and the amount of finished products we produce. For example, we have a US$2.4 billion investment plan for the years 2024-2025. The plan will allow us to expand our operations of lithium, iodine and nitrate by accessing natural resources both in the Salar de Atacama and caliche ore deposits in Chile, through the 50,000 metric ton Mt. Holland lithium hydroxide project in Western Australia (a joint venture that we are developing with our partner Wesfarmers) and the development of a 20,000 metric ton lithium hydroxide plant in China which is fed with lithium sulfate sourced from the Salar de Atacama. The plan also aims to increase our mining capacity while protecting the environment, reduce operational costs and increase our annual production capacity of nitrates and iodine to meet expected growth in those markets.
Mining industry development projects typically require a number of years and significant expenditures before production can begin. Such projects could experience unexpected problems and delays during development, construction and start-up.
Our decision to develop a project typically is based on the results of feasibility studies, which estimate the anticipated economic returns of a project. The actual project profitability or economic feasibility may differ from such estimates as a result of any of the following factors, among others:
•changes in tonnage, grades and metallurgical characteristics of ore or other raw materials to be mined and processed;
•estimated future prices of the relevant products;
•changes in customer demand; higher construction and infrastructure costs;
•the quality of the data on which engineering assumptions were made;
•higher production costs; adverse geotechnical conditions;
•availability of adequate labor force; availability and cost of water and energy;
•availability and cost of transportation; fluctuations in inflation and currency exchange rates;
•availability and terms of financing;
•and potential delays relating to social and community issues.
In addition, we require environmental permits for our new projects. Obtaining permits in certain cases may cause significant delays in the execution and implementation of new projects and, consequently, may require us to reassess the related risks and economic incentives.
This may require modifying our operations to incorporate the use of seawater and updating our mining equipment and operational centers.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our production levels or generate sufficient cash flow or that we will have access to sufficient investments, loans or other financing alternatives, to continue our activities at or above present levels, or that we will be able to implement our projects or receive the necessary permits required for them in time. Any or all of these factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
High raw materials and energy prices could increase our production costs and cost of sales, and energy may become unavailable at any price.
We rely on certain raw materials and various energy sources (diesel, electricity, liquefied natural gas, fuel oil and others) to manufacture our products. Purchases of energy and raw materials we do not produce constitute an important part of our cost of sales (excluding the payments to Corfo) which was approximately 27% in 2023. In addition, we may not be able to obtain energy at any price if supplies are curtailed or otherwise become unavailable. To the extent we are unable to pass on increases in the prices of energy and raw materials to our customers or we are unable to obtain energy, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Our reserve estimates could be subject to significant changes, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our caliche ore mining reserve estimates and our Salar de Atacama brine mining reserve estimates are prepared by qualified persons and this information is presented in our technical report summaries prepared and filed as required by subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K. Estimation methods involve numerous uncertainties as to the quantity and quality of the reserves, and reserve estimates could change upwards or downwards. A downward change in our estimates and/or quality of our reserves could affect future volumes and costs of production and therefore have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The growth of our lithium business depends on the growth in demand for electric vehicles using lithium-based batteries and reduced demand in the adoption of electric vehicles by consumers could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our lithium products are a critical component of the lithium ion batteries used in electric vehicles. As a result, the growth of our lithium business is dependent on the continued adoption of electric vehicles by consumers. If the market for electric vehicles does not develop as we expect, or develops more slowly than we expect, our business, prospects, financial condition and future results of operations will be adversely affected. The market for electric vehicles is relatively new, rapidly evolving, and could be affected by numerous external factors, such as:
•government regulations and automakers’ responses to those regulations;
•the availability of tax and other economic incentives to purchase and operate electric vehicles or future regulation requiring increased used of non-polluting vehicles;
•rates of consumer adoption, which is driven in part by perceptions about electric vehicle features (including the range over which the vehicle may be driven on a single battery charge),
•quality, safety, performance, cost and charging infrastructure;
•competition, including from other types of alternative fuel vehicles, including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and high fuel-economy internal combustion engine vehicles;
•volatility in the cost of battery materials, oil and gasoline;
•rates of customer adoption of higher performance lithium compounds; and
•rates of development and adoption of next generation battery technologies using lower lithium content or using alternatives to lithium.
Demand for electric vehicles has slowed globally, including in China, the largest electric vehicle market, and with range anxiety and ability to find high speed charging stations still a concern, many consumers have opted for hybrid electric vehicles, which have smaller batteries and correspondingly lower lithium content. If the market for electric vehicles does not develop as we expect, or develops more slowly than we expect, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Any reduction, elimination or discriminatory application of government subsidies, tax credits and other economic incentives for electric vehicles may reduce the competitiveness of electric vehicles and their demand, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
The growth of our lithium business depends upon the continued adoption by consumers of electric vehicles. Government subsidies and incentives are important for the competitiveness of electric vehicles. Any reduction, elimination or discriminatory application of government subsidies and economic incentives because of policy changes, the reduced need for such subsidies and incentives due to the perceived success of electric vehicles, or other reasons may result in diminished competitiveness of the electric vehicles industry generally, and a resulting decrease in the demand for our lithium products. If the market for electric vehicles does not develop as we expect, or develops more slowly than we expect, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
The development of new battery technologies that use no, or significantly less, lithium, could materially and adversely impact our prospects and future revenues.
Current and next generation high energy density batteries for use in electric vehicles rely on lithium compounds as a critical input. Many materials and technologies are being researched and developed with the goal of making batteries lighter, more efficient, faster charging and less expensive. Some of these could be less reliant on lithium hydroxide or other lithium compounds, especially if the demand for batteries for use in electric vehicles outstrips the available supply of lithium hydroxide or other lithium compounds. We cannot predict which new technologies may ultimately prove to be commercially viable and on what time horizon. Commercialized battery technologies that use less lithium compounds could materially and adversely impact our prospects and future revenues.
Our success as a producer of lithium and related products depends to a great extent on our ability to extract lithium from brines in an efficient and cost-effective manner. To the extent that our competitors implement new and more efficient technologies for extraction of lithium and are able to produce lithium for a lower cost than we can, our lithium products may not be competitively priced, which could reduce demand for our lithium products and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success as a producer of lithium and related products is dependent on our ability to develop and implement more efficient production capabilities based on mineral rich brine. Many of our competitors are seeking to develop and implement more efficient production capabilities from brine, such as implementing direct lithium extraction (DLE) technologies, which have the potential to significantly increase the supply of lithium from brine projects and reduce their cost of production. While we continue to make significant investment in research and development of the lithium extraction process, we cannot assure you that our product research and development projects will be successful or be completed within the anticipated time frame or budget. In addition, we cannot assure you that our existing or potential competitors will not develop products which are similar or superior to our products or are more competitively priced. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that advances in technology will occur in a timely or feasible way, if at all, that others will not acquire similar or superior technologies sooner than we do, or that we will acquire technologies on an exclusive basis or at a significant price advantage. The process of designing and developing new technology, products and services is costly and uncertain and requires extensive capital investment. If our lithium products are not competitively priced, demand for our lithium products could be reduced and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Chemical and physical properties of our products could adversely affect their commercialization.
Since our products are derived from natural resources, they contain inorganic impurities that may not meet certain customer or government standards. As a result, we may not be able to sell our products if we cannot meet such requirements. In addition, our cost of production may increase in order to meet such standards. Failure to meet such standards could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations if we are unable to sell our products in one or more markets or to important customers in such markets.
Changes in technology or other developments could result in preferences for substitute products.
Our products, particularly lithium, iodine and their derivatives, are preferred raw materials for certain industrial applications, such as rechargeable batteries and liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). Changes in technology, the development of substitute products or other developments could adversely affect demand for these and other products which we produce. In addition, other alternatives to our products may become more economically attractive as global commodity prices shift. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are exposed to labor strikes and labor liabilities that could impact our production levels and costs.
We are exposed to labor strikes and labor liabilities that could impact our production levels and costs. Over 92% of our employees are employed in Chile, of which approximately 78.3% were represented by 22 labor unions as of December 31, 2023. In 2022, we renewed 15 of the collective bargaining agreements. In November, 2023, a new renegotiation cycle began and as of December 31, 2023, three collective bargaining agreements had been renegotiated. We are exposed to labor strikes and illegal work stoppages by both our own employees and our independent contractors’ employees that could impact our production levels in both our own plants and our independent contractors’ plants. If a strike or illegal work stoppage occurs and continues for a sustained period of time, we could be faced with increased costs and even disruption in our product flow that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are and might be subject to new and upcoming labor laws and regulations in Chile and may be exposed to liabilities and potential costs for non-compliance.
We are subject to recently enacted and might be subject to new local labor laws and regulations that govern, among other things, the relationship between us and our employees and will be subject to new labor bills currently under discussion in the Chilean Congress, mainly as a result of the economic and political volatility and civil unrest in Chile beginning in October and November 2019. There have been changes and proposed changes to various labor laws which include, but are not limited to, modifications related to teleworking, inclusion of workers with disabilities, minimum wage, unemployment insurance benefits, employee and employer relationships, pensions, profit sharing, regular work hours and other matters.
Lawsuits and arbitrations could adversely impact us.
We are party to a range of lawsuits and arbitrations involving different matters as described in Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements and “Item 8.A. Legal Proceedings.” Although we intend to defend our positions vigorously, our defense of these actions may not be successful and responding to such lawsuits and arbitrations diverts our management’s attention from day-to-day operations. Adverse judgments or settlements in these lawsuits may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our strategy of being a world leader includes entering into commercial and production alliances, joint ventures and acquisitions to improve our global competitive position. As these operations increase in complexity and are carried out in different jurisdictions, we may be subject to legal proceedings that, if settled against us, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have operations in multiple jurisdictions with differing regulatory, tax and other regimes.
We operate in multiple jurisdictions with complex regulatory environments that are subject to different interpretations by companies and respective governmental authorities. These jurisdictions may have different tax codes, environmental regulations, labor codes and legal framework, which adds complexity to our compliance with these regulations. Any failure to comply with such regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Environmental laws and regulations could expose us to higher costs, liabilities, claims and failure to meet current and future production targets.
Our operations in Chile are subject to national and local regulations relating to environmental protection. In accordance with such regulations, we are required to conduct environmental impact studies or statements before we conduct any new projects or activities or significant modifications of existing projects that could impact the environment or the health of people in the surrounding areas. We are also required to obtain an environmental license for those projects and activities. The Chilean Environmental Assessment Service (Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental) or “SEA” evaluates environmental impact studies and statements submitted for its approval. The public, government agencies or local authorities may review and challenge projects that may adversely affect the environment, either before these projects are executed or once they are operating, if they fail to comply with applicable regulations. In order to ensure compliance with environmental regulations, Chilean authorities may impose fines up to approximately US$9 million per infraction, revoke environmental permits or temporarily or permanently close facilities, among other enforcement measures.
Chilean environmental regulations have become increasingly stringent in recent years, both with respect to the approval of new projects and in connection with the implementation and development of projects already approved, and we believe that this trend is likely to continue. Given public interest in environmental enforcement matters, these regulations or their application may also be subject to political considerations that are beyond our control.
We regularly monitor the impact of our operations on the environment and on the health of people in the surrounding areas and have, from time to time, made modifications to our facilities to minimize any adverse impact. Future developments in the creation or implementation of environmental requirements or their interpretation could result in substantially increased capital, operation or compliance costs or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The success of our current investments in the Company’s operations is dependent on the behavior of the ecosystem variables being monitored over time. If the behavior of these variables in future years does not meet environmental requirements, our operation may be subject to important restrictions by the authorities on the maximum allowable amounts of brine and/or water extraction. For example, on December 13, 2017, the Environmental Court of Antofagasta ordered a temporary and partial closure of certain water extraction wells located in the Salar de Llamara. In October 2018, the Environmental Court of Antofagasta accepted our claim, and dismissed the restrictions without prejudice. It is possible that third parties could seek to reinstate these restrictions in the future. On December 26, 2019, the same Court ruled that the environmental compliance plan presented by SQM Salar S.A. with respect to the Salar de Atacama and approved by the Chilean Environmental Enforcement Authority (Superintendencia del Medio Ambiente) or “SMA” in January 2019, did not comply with certain completeness and efficiency requirements of the Chilean environmental legislation.
In September 2021, SQM Salar S.A. proposed to the SMA a new environmental compliance plan, which was approved by the SMA and it’s currently subject to review by the Environmental Court of Antofagasta after a claim was file by an indigenous association. We believe that the new proposed environmental compliance plan, safeguards the protection of the environment and is evaluating all courses of action available under applicable law with respect to this ruling.
Our future development depends on our ability to sustain future production levels, which requires additional investments and the submission of the corresponding environmental impact studies or statements. If we fail to obtain approval or required environmental licenses, our ability to maintain production at specified levels will be seriously impaired, thus having a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, our worldwide operations are subject to international and local environmental regulations. Since environmental laws and regulations in the different jurisdictions in which we operate may change, we cannot guarantee that future environmental laws, or changes to existing environmental laws, will not materially adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A significant percentage of our shares are held by two principal shareholder groups who may have interests that are different from that of other shareholders and of each other. Any change in such principal shareholder groups may result in a change of control of the Company or of its Board of Directors or its management, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As of March 1, 2024, two principal shareholder groups held in the aggregate 47.92% of our total outstanding shares, including 94.19% of our Series A common shares, and have the power to elect six of our eight directors. The interests of the two principal shareholder groups may in some cases differ from those of other shareholders and of each other.
As of March 1, 2024, one principal shareholder group is Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera S.A. and its related companies, Inversiones Global Mining Chile Limitada and Potasios de Chile S.A. (together, the “Pampa Group”), which owned approximately 25.76% of the total outstanding shares of SQM, and another principal shareholder is Tianqi Lithium Corporation (“Tianqi”), which directly and indirectly owned approximately 22.16% of the total outstanding shares of SQM.
The divestiture by the Pampa Group or Tianqi, or potential changes in the circumstances that have led to the determination of the CMF that there is currently no controlling shareholder of the Company, or a combination thereof, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Tianqi is a significant shareholder and a competitor of the Company, which could result in risks to free competition
Tianqi is a competitor in the lithium business, and as a result of the number of SQM shares that it owns, it has the right to choose up to three Board members. Under Chilean law, we are restricted in our ability to decline to provide information about us, which may include competitively sensitive information, to a director of our company. On August 27, 2018, Tianqi and the Chilean antitrust regulator, the Chilean National Economic Prosecutor’s Office (Fiscalía Nacional Económica), or FNE, entered into an extrajudicial agreement, under which certain restrictive measures were implemented in order to (i) maintain the competitive conditions of the lithium market, (ii) mitigate the risks described in the agreement and (iii) limit Tianqi’s access to certain information of the Company and its subsidiaries, which is defined as “sensitive information” under the agreement.
During the approval process of the extrajudicial agreement before the FNE, we expressed our concerns regarding the measures contained in the extrajudicial agreement since, in the Company’s opinion, the measures (i) could not effectively resolve the risks that Tianqi and the FNE have sought to mitigate, (ii) are not sufficient to avoid access to our “sensitive information” that, in the possession of a competitor, could harm us and the proper functioning of the market and (iii) could contradict the Chilean Corporations Act.
The presence of a shareholder which is at the same time a competitor of ours and the right of this competitor to choose Board members could generate risks to free competition and/or increase the risks of an investigation of free competition against us, whether in Chile or in other countries, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our information technology systems may be vulnerable to disruption which could place our systems at risk from data loss, operational failure, or compromise of confidential information.
We rely on various computer and information technology tools and systems, which are analyzed prior to their implementation and can add efficiency to business processes. The technological infrastructure is made up of the IT network and the OT network. These environments are separated and segmented in order to preventively contain any cyber attack or incident. Additionally, both networks are protected by various layers of security and these controls help prevent the spread of cyber threats and minimize the impact in the event of an information security breach.
However, we cannot guarantee that due to the increasing sophistication of cyber-attacks our systems will not be compromised and because we do not maintain specialized cybersecurity insurance, our insurance coverage for protection against cybersecurity risk may not be sufficient. Cybersecurity breaches could result in losses of assets or production, operational delays, equipment failure, inaccurate recordkeeping, or disclosure of confidential information, any of which could result in business interruption, reputational damage, lost revenue, litigation, penalties or additional expenses and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
International trade tensions could have a negative effect on our financial performance.
Economic conditions in China, an important market for the Company, are sensitive to global economic conditions. The global financial markets have experienced significant disruptions in the past, including the recent international trade disputes and tariff actions announced by the United States, China and certain other countries. The U.S. government has imposed significant tariffs on Chinese goods, and Chinese government has, in turn, imposed tariffs on certain goods manufactured in the United States. There is no assurance that the list of goods impacted by additional tariffs will not be expanded or the tariffs will not be increased materially. We are unable to predict how China or U.S. government policy, in particular, the outbreak of a trade war between China and the United States and additional tariffs on bilateral imports, may continue to impact global economic conditions. If the list of goods is further expanded or the tariff is further increased, global economic conditions of both countries could be impacted, and growth in demand for lithium or other commodities could decrease, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Heightened tensions in international relations with China could result in political and economic measures against Chinese-owned companies, which may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
As of December 31, 2023, one of our largest shareholders is Tianqi, a Chinese company, with a 22.16% ownership interest and board representation. Recently there have been heightened tensions in international relations between the United States and Europe, on the one hand, and China. International trade disputes and tariff actions announced by the United States, China and certain other countries and other trade restrictions have affected both diplomatic and economic ties among countries. This environment could result in political and economic measures against Chinese-owned companies. Any further deterioration in the relationship between China, the United States and certain other countries may limit our ability to invest and develop projects in certain countries and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Outbreaks of communicable infections or diseases, or other public health pandemics, such as the outbreak of COVID-19 impacted and may further impact the markets in which we, our customers and our suppliers operate or
market and sell products and could have a material adverse effect on our operations business, financial condition and results of operations.
Disease outbreaks and other public health conditions, such as the global outbreak of COVID-19, could have a significant negative impact on our revenues, profitability and business. During 2020 and 2021, the Chilean government imposed several measures that affected our operations, including mandatory quarantines for people who have been in contact with infected people, restrictions on the number of people that could be together, and lockdowns on specific communities that suffered higher rates of infection or death, among others.
As a precaution, our management voluntarily implemented several additional measures to help reduce the speed at which COVID-19 spread in our company, including measures to mitigate the spread in the workplace, significant reductions in employee travel and a mandatory quarantine for people who have arrived from high-risk destinations. These measures were made in consultation with governmental and international health organization guidelines.
It is difficult to predict the potential impact of another disease outbreak or public health condition on international financial markets and the potential impact if businesses, workers, customers and others.
If our stakeholders and other constituencies believe we fail to appropriately address sustainability and other environmental, social and governance (ESG) concerns it may adversely affect our business.
In October 2020, we announced our sustainable development plan, which includes voluntarily expanding our monitoring systems, promoting better and more profound conversations with neighboring communities and becoming carbon neutral by 2040 and reducing water by 65% and brine extraction by 50% of our authorized limits. We also announced a goal of obtaining international certifications and participating in international sustainability indices which we consider essential for a sustainable future.
Since our sustainable development plan was announced, we have participated in voluntary evaluations, such as Ecovadis, CDP, Drive Sustainability, certifications, which support our sustainable development plan, such as Responsible Care from the Association of Chemical Industries of Chile, Protect&Sustain from the International Fertilizer Association, Ecoports, ISO 14001, ISO 45001 and ISO 50001, and have reached IRMA 75 level of the same standard for our operations in the Salar de Atacama, which seeks to promote responsible mining.
In 2021, the Port of Tocopilla was certified for Responsible Care, obtaining level 2 certification and in June 2023, the ECOSLC Foundation approved the ECOPORTS PERS Certification for the first time after validation by the independent auditor LRQA, The Netherlands. Likewise, during 2022, the Nueva Victoria site´s Responsible Care certification was rectified. The Protect&Sustain certification applies to the operations of Coya Sur, Salar de Atacama, Antofagasta, Santiago and the Port of Tocopilla.
Regarding the ISO management systems, the Port of Tocopilla was certified in January 2022 in ISO 14001. We completed ISO 14001 and 45001 recertification of our management systems in the Salar de Atacama and our Lithium Chemical production facility, together with the implementation of ISO 50001, as recommended by the certification body to certify our energy management system, We also obtained ISO 50001 certification for our Nueva Victoria and Coya Sur sites. In 2023, the Port of Tocopilla was certified by EcoPorts, a leading environmental initiative for the European port sector.
During 2023, we participated in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) assessment and were accepted into the World, Emerging Markets, Mila and Chile indices, and were included into the Sustainability Yearbook 2024. We evaluated ourselves in Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) where we received a category B climate change rating, which is higher than the global average (category C) and in line with the global chemicals industry average (category B-). We also completed the CDP evaluation for water in which we achieved a category rating B-, a level higher than the world average and the chemical industry average (category C).
While we are dedicated to our efforts related to sustainability, if we fail to address appropriately all relevant stakeholders’ concerns in connection with ESG criteria, we may face opposition, which could negatively affect our reputation, delay operations, or lead to litigation threats or actions. If we do not maintain our reputation with key stakeholders and constituencies and effectively manage these sensitive issues, they could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Climate change and a global transition to a low carbon economy can create physical risks and other risks that could adversely affect our business and operations and adverse weather conditions or significant changes in weather patterns could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
The impact of climate change and climate change-driven responses, such as a global transition to a low carbon economy on our operations and our customers’ operations, remains uncertain, but the regulatory, market-risks associated with climate change as well as the physical effects of climate change could have an adverse effect on out operations, employees, communities, supply chain and our customers.
Climate-derived threats include, among others, changes in regional weather patterns, including changes in precipitation and evaporation parameters that, on the one hand, some phenomena could intensify, bringing intense rains in short periods of time that generate other unwanted events that affect our operation and also our surrounding communities, such as road closures, infrastructure, landslides, among others. Additionally, rising sea levels and storm surges, increasing the days of port closures that could impact the supply chain affecting our customers and suppliers. Other events such as storm patterns and intensities, increased wind speed, heat waves, cold waves, among other events considered as acute physical risks of climate change. Other effects are related to temperature levels, including increased volatility in seasonal temperatures through excessively high or low temperatures. These extreme weather conditions may vary by geography and location. Weather conditions have historically caused volatility in the agricultural industry (and indirectly in our results of operations) by causing crop failures or significantly reduced harvests, which can adversely affect application rates, demand for our plant nutrition products and our customers’ creditworthiness. Weather conditions can also lead to a reduction in farmable acres, flooding, drought or wildfires, which could also adversely impact growers’ crop yields and the uptake of plant nutrients, reducing the need for application of plant nutrition products for the next planting season which could result in lower demand for our plant nutrition products and negatively impact the prices of our products.
Any prolonged change in weather patterns in our markets, as a result of climate change or otherwise, could have a material adverse impact on the results of our operations.
Risks Relating to Financial Markets
Currency fluctuations may have a negative effect on our financial performance.
We transact a significant portion of our business in U.S. dollars, and the U.S. dollar is the currency of the primary economic environment in which we operate. In addition, the U.S. dollar is our functional currency for financial statement reporting purposes. A significant portion of our costs, however, is related to the Chilean peso. Therefore, an increase or decrease in the exchange rate between the Chilean peso and the U.S. dollar would affect our costs of production. The Chilean peso has been subject to large devaluations and revaluations in the past and may be subject to significant fluctuations in the future. As of December 31, 2023, the Chilean peso exchange rate was Ch$877.12 per U.S. dollar, while as of December 31, 2022 the Chilean peso exchange rate was Ch$855.86 per U.S. dollar. The Chilean peso therefore depreciated against the U.S. dollar by 2.5% in 2023. As of March 1, 2024, the Observed Exchange Rate was Ch$969.91 per U.S. dollar.
As an international company operating in several other countries, we also transact business and have assets and liabilities in other non-U.S. dollar currencies, such as, among others, the Euro, the South African rand, the Mexican peso, the Chinese yuan, the Thai baht and the Brazilian real.
As a result, fluctuations in the exchange rates of such foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to risks associated with the discontinuation, reform or replacement of benchmark indices.
Interest rate, foreign exchange rate and other types of indices which are deemed to be “benchmarks” are the subject of increased regulatory scrutiny and may be discontinued, reformed or replaced. For example, in 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced that it will no longer persuade or compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of the London interbank offered rate (“LIBOR”) benchmark after 2021 and LIBOR eventually ceased publication on June 30, 2023. As was the case with LIBOR, other future reforms may, cause benchmarks to be different than they have been in the past, or to disappear entirely, or have other consequences which cannot be fully anticipated which introduces a number of risks for our business. These risks include (i) legal risks arising from potential changes required to document new and existing transactions; (ii) financial risks arising from any changes in the valuation of financial instruments linked to benchmark rates; (iii) pricing risks arising from how changes to benchmark indices could impact pricing mechanisms on some instruments; (iv) operational risks arising from the potential requirement to adapt IT systems, trade reporting infrastructure and operational processes; and (v) conduct risks arising from the potential impact of communication with customers and engagement during the transition period.
Various replacement benchmarks, and the timing of and mechanisms for implementation are being considered. The transition away from LIBOR to risk-free reference rates (RFRs) requires financial firms to make a variety of internal changes, for example updating front-and back-office systems, retraining staff and redesigning processes, as well as potentially modifying or renegotiating potentially thousands of LIBOR-linked contracts. However, the discontinuation or reformation of existing benchmark rates or the implementation of alternative benchmark rates may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition to the financial benchmarks, there are also market benchmarks used for the pricing of our long-term supply contracts, which may also be subject to regulatory scrutiny, or which may be discontinued, reformed or replaced. For example, for some of our long-term supply contracts, prices reference to indices prepared by commodity reporting agencies such as the Shanghai Metals Market (SMM) and Fastmarkets.
Risks Relating to Chile
The new National Lithium Strategy announced by the Chilean government in April 2023 has created and may continue to create uncertainty in the Chilean lithium industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our business performance or the value of our shares and ADSs.
On April 20, 2023, President Boric announced a new National Lithium Strategy that would, among other things, create a National Lithium Company (subject to approval by the Chilean Congress), with one of its objectives being to provide for the Chilean state’s participation in lithium-related activities in the Salar de Atacama.
In connection with the announcement, President Boric provided statements with respect to the following matters:
•Under the National Lithium Strategy, Codelco would be tasked by Corfo to lead the formation of the new National Lithium Company and would become its majority shareholder. Codelco would also be designated to lead negotiations with SQM to seek participation in SQM’s operations in the Salar de Atacama prior to its expiration in 2030, as well as similar negotiations with other mining companies operating in the Salar de Atacama. President Boric and Corfo have affirmed that the terms of existing mining leases in the Salar de Atacama would be respected and any Chilean state participation in their operations would be with the agreement of the applicable counterparty.
•For areas already under development by Codelco and Enami (the Chilean state-owned minerals company) for lithium, new lithium exploration and exploitation contracts would only be granted by the Chilean state to Codelco and Enami subsidiaries, who would decide whether or not to partner with private parties for the development projects. There would be a public bid process for exploration rights over unexplored areas. Any private entities seeking exploitation rights would be required to partner with a state-owned company who would be the controller of the project if it is declared to be strategic for the country.
There can be no assurance that the necessary elements of the National Lithium Strategy requiring Congressional action will be approved by the Chilean Congress. The new National Lithium Strategy has created and may create uncertainty in the Chilean lithium industry, which could impact whether SQM will be able to participate in the mineral exploitation in the Salar de Atacama concession beyond the expiration of the Corfo Agreements in December 2030 or to what extent the Chilean state will participate in SQM’s interest in its current Salar de Atacama mineral exploitation operations prior to the December 2030 expiration of the Corfo Agreements. Codelco is a new participant in the Chilean lithium industry and SQM does not have prior experience in negotiating with Codelco. On December 27, 2023, SQM and Codelco signed a non-binding MOU, which, among other matters, established a framework for the terms and conditions of the definitive agreements for a joint venture through which SQM’s subsidiary, SQM Salar, may continue to exploit mineral resources in the Salar de Atacama until 2060. Corfo has granted to Codelco’s subsidiary, Minera Tarar, the rights to exploit the Salar de Atacama from 2031 to 2060, which will be contributed to the joint venture. If the parties are unable to agree on definitive agreements for the proposed joint venture, either the Chilean government or SQM could allow the lease to expire in 2030 in accordance with its terms.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, revenues related to products originating from the Salar de Atacama represented 73% of our total consolidated revenues. Approximately 69% of our total consolidated revenues were represented by lithium products.
The new National Lithium Strategy has created and may continue to create uncertainty in the Chilean lithium industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our business performance or the value of our shares and ADSs.
See “— Risks Relating to our Business — Our inability to extend or renew on favorable terms the mineral exploitation rights relating to the Salar de Atacama concession, upon which our business is substantially dependent, beyond their current expiration date in December 2030 could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”
As we are a company based in Chile, we are exposed to political risks and civil unrest in Chile.
Our business, financial conditions and results of operations could be affected by changes in policies of the Chilean government, other political developments in or affecting Chile, legal changes in the standards or administrative practices of Chilean authorities or the interpretation of such standards and practices, over which we have no control. The Chilean government has modified, and has the ability to modify, monetary, fiscal, tax, social and other policies in order to influence the Chilean economy or social conditions. We have no control over government policies and cannot predict how those policies or government intervention will affect the Chilean economy or social conditions, or, directly and indirectly, our business, financial conditions and results of operations. Changes in policies involving exploitation of natural resources, taxation and other matters related to our industry may adversely affect our business, financial conditions and results of operations.
We are exposed to economic and political volatility and civil unrest in Chile. Changes in social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment in Chile, as well as crises and political uncertainties in Chile, could adversely affect economic growth in Chile. In October and November 2019, Chile experienced riots and widespread mass demonstrations in Santiago and other major cities in Chile, triggered by an increase in public transportation fares in the city of Santiago, which involved violence and significant property damage and caused commercial disruptions throughout the country.
In December 2021, Chile elected Gabriel Boric as the new president. President Boric took office on March 11, 2022 and his agenda is mainly focused on the elimination of private pension funds, social security programs, increases in the minimum wage and pensions, and increases in corporate taxes. There is uncertainty regarding how President Boric’s reforms may affect the political and business climate in Chile in the future, it is possible that these reforms could lead to higher-than-expected inflation levels, unemployment, higher corporate taxes and financial constraints on small and medium-sized companies, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Future adverse developments in Chile, including political events, financial or other crises, changes to policies regarding foreign exchange controls, regulations, and taxation, may impair our ability to execute our business plan and could adversely affect our growth, results of operations, and financial condition. Inflation, devaluation, social instability, and other political, economic, or diplomatic developments could also reduce our profitability. Economic and market conditions in Chilean financial and capital markets may be affected by international events, which could unfavorably affect the value of our securities.
Changes to the Chilean Constitution could impact a wide range of rights, including mining rights, water rights and property rights generally , and could affect our business, financial conditions and results of operations.
Following widespread protests and social unrest throughout Chile in October 2019, the Chilean government introduced several social reforms and implemented a constitutional convention process to draft a new Chilean Constitution to replace the current 1980 Constitution. A September 2022 national plebiscite rejected the proposed new constitution, leaving the current 1980 Constitution in place. However, widespread political support for a second constitutional process prevailed, and a second constitutional convention process to draft a new Chilean Constitution was implemented during 2023.
The final draft of the new Chilean Constitution approved by the Constitutional Council was submitted for approval to a national referendum with mandatory participation with an approval threshold of 50% plus one vote. This referendum took place on December 17, 2023, and rejected the proposed new Chilean Constitution by a vote of 56%. As a result, the existing 1980 Constitution, which has been in place since 1980, remains in effect. Following the outcome of the referendum, President Boric announced that there would be no further attempts to draft a new Chilean Constitution during the remainder of his term in office, which ends in March 2026.
We cannot give any assurance that a new constitutional reform process may not be carried out in the future or that the social and economic concerns leading to the political and civil unrest that arose in 2019 and caused the constitutional reform process to be initiated will be resolved or that mass protests or civil unrest will not resume. The long-term effects of this social unrest are hard to predict but could include slower economic growth, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Changes in regulations regarding, or any revocation or suspension of mining, port or other concessions could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We conduct our mining operations, including brine extraction, under exploitation and exploration concessions granted in accordance with provisions of the Chilean Constitution and related laws and statutes. Our exploitation concessions essentially grant a perpetual right (with the exception of the rights granted to SQM Salar with respect to the Salar de Atacama concessions under the Corfo Agreements described above, which expires in 2030) to conduct mining operations in the areas covered by the concessions, provided that we pay annual concession fees. Our exploration concessions permit us to explore for mineral resources on the land covered thereby for a specified period of time and to subsequently request a corresponding exploitation concession. Any changes to the Chilean Constitution with respect to the exploitation and exploration of natural resources and concessions granted as a result of the constitutional convention could materially adversely affect our existing exploitation and exploration concessions or our ability to obtain future concessions and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We also operate port facilities at Tocopilla, Chile, for the shipment of products and the delivery of raw materials pursuant to maritime concessions, which have been granted under applicable Chilean laws and are normally renewable on application, provided that such facilities are used as authorized and annual concession fees are paid.
Any significant adverse changes to any of these concessions, any changes to regulations to which we are subject or adverse changes to our other concession rights, or a revocation or suspension of any of our concessions, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in water rights laws and other regulations could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We hold water use rights that are key to our operations. These rights were obtained from the Chilean Water Authority (Dirección General de Aguas) for supply of water from rivers and wells near our production facilities, which we believe are sufficient to meet current operating requirements.
In January 2022, the Chilean Congress approved a bill that amends the Chilean Water Code (Código de Agua), which was published on April, 6, 2022, becoming an applicable Chilean law. This modification introduces several changes to the Water Code. A significant amendment is the change in the time periods for which the water rights were granted. According to this new legislation, water rights: (1) will have a temporary nature being granted for a maximum of 30 years (the specific period will depend on the characteristic of the riverbed and its water availability); (2) will be subject, in whole or in part, to expiration for its non-use; (3) will have to give human consumption and sanitation priority in the use of water (establishing priority orders and possible limitations in the granting and use of water depending on its destination); (4) will be subject to a minimum ecological flow to ensure nature conservation and environmental protection, as determined by the Chilean Water Authority; and (5) will be subject to the obligation of registration in the respective Real Estate Registry and in the Public Water Cadaster of the Chilean Water Authority, and to sanctions of expiration and fines in case of non-compliance.
The Chilean Congress is considering a draft bill that declares lithium mining to be in the national interest, which if passed in its current form, could enable the expropriation of our lithium assets.
The Chilean Congress is currently discussing a bill, Bulletin No. 10,638-08, which “Declares the exploitation and commercialization of lithium and Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. to be of national interest.” The purpose of this bill is to enable the potential expropriation of our assets, or our lithium operations in general. The bill is subject to further discussion in the Chilean Congress, which includes several possible changes to its current wording. We cannot guarantee that the bill will not eventually be approved by the Chilean Congress, or that its final wording will not refer to us or our lithium operations. If the bill is approved as currently drafted, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Chilean government could levy additional taxes on mining companies, which may include lithium exploitation companies, operating in Chile.
The Chilean Internal Revenue Service (“SII” in its Spanish acronym) has sought to broaden the application of the specific tax on mining activities in Chile to the extraction of lithium, a substance that is not concessionable by law, and has levied taxes as of December 31, 2023, in the amount of US$986.3 million on SQM Salar for the tax years 2012 to 2023 (business years 2011 to 2022) on that basis. SQM Salar paid the tax assessments and filed seven tax claims against the SII challenging these taxes (See Note 20.3 to our consolidated financial statements). In two of the cases, covering the 2012-2014 and 2015-2016 tax years, the Santiago Court of Appeal ruled invalid the first instance rulings handed down by the Tax and Customs Court and ordered the cases reopened with the competent judge hearing evidence in each case.
SQM Salar made payments associated with both tax claims for US$201.3 million and a pending claim for US$785.0 million, as explained in Note 20.3 to our consolidated financial statements. Both amounts are accounted for as non-current tax assets in the consolidated financial statement for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the CMF on February 28, 2024.
In the third case covering the 2017-2018 tax years, the Tax and Customs Court upheld SQM Salar’s claim and ordered that these tax assessments be annulled. The third case ruling was appealed by the SII, and on April 5, 2024 the Santiago Court of Appeal issued a ruling revoking the previous ruling handed down by the Tax and Customs Court covering the 2017-2018 tax years. Although the ruling of the Santiago Court of Appeal does not affect all other Claims and is still subject to appeal by SQM Salar, it prompted the review of the accounting treatment for the Claims by the Company's Board of Directors. Consequently, the Company recognized a tax expense adjustment amounting to US$1,089.5 million, which corresponds to the impact that the interpretation of the Santiago Court of Appeal ruling could have on the Claims (corresponding to US$926.7 million relating to tax years 2012 to 2022 and US$162.7 million relating to tax year 2023).
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Form 20-F recognize the adjustment pertaining to the tax expense incurred during the year ended December 31, 2023. This adjustment is deemed an adjusting event post the reporting period. Accordingly, for financial reporting purposes with the CMF, the impact of this adjustment will be appropriately reflected in the consolidated financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2023.
If the SII ultimately prevails in the pending legal proceedings or continues to assess additional taxes based on its interpretation of the application of the specific mining tax to lithium extraction, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
New legislation affecting mining licenses could materially adversely affect our mining licenses and mining concessions.
Law No. 21,420, published in the Official Gazette on February 4, 2022, reduces or eliminates certain tax exemptions in order to finance a new social security program called “Universal Guaranteed Pension”. Among other changes, this law contemplates amendments to the Chilean Mining Code, such as: (i) the increase in the value of the mining licenses related to the mining concessions (an increase of at least 4 times the previous value); (ii) the modification of the term on which the mining exploration concessions are granted and the prohibition on the holder to obtain a new mining exploration concession in the same area once the previous concession has expired; and (iii) amendments to the mining concessions award process.
Ratification of the International Labor Organization’s Convention 169 concerning indigenous and tribal peoples might affect our development plans.
Chile, a member of the International Labor Organization (“ILO”), has ratified the ILO’s Convention 169 (the “Indigenous Peoples Convention”) concerning indigenous and tribal people. The Indigenous Peoples Convention established several rights for indigenous people and communities. Among other rights, the Indigenous Peoples Convention states that (i) indigenous groups should be notified and consulted prior to the development of any project on land deemed indigenous, although veto rights are not mentioned, and (ii) indigenous groups have, to the extent possible, a stake in benefits resulting from the exploitation of natural resources in indigenous land. The extent of these benefits has not been defined by the Chilean government. The Chilean government has addressed item (i) above through Supreme Decree No. 66, issued by the Social Development Ministry. This decree requires government entities to consult indigenous groups that may be directly affected by the adoption of legislative or administrative measures, and it also defines criteria for the projects or activities that must be reviewed through the environmental evaluation system that also require such consultation. To the extent that the new rights outlined in the Indigenous Peoples Convention become laws or regulations in Chile, judicial interpretations of the convention of those laws or regulations could affect the development of our investment projects in lands that have been defined as indigenous, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Chilean Supreme Court has consistently held that consultation processes must be carried out in the manner prescribed by the Indigenous Peoples Convention.
The consultation process may cause delays in obtaining regulatory approvals, including environmental permits, as well as public opposition by local and/or international political, environmental and ethnic groups, particularly in environmentally sensitive areas or in areas inhabited by indigenous populations. Furthermore, the omission of the consultation process when required by law may result in the revocation or annulment of regulatory approvals, including environmental permits already granted.
Consequently, operating projects may be affected since the omission of the consultation process, when required by law, could lead to public law annulment actions pursuing the annulment of the environmental permits granted.
However, this risk frequently arises during the environmental assessment phase when the environmental permits are to be obtained. In such scenario, affected parties may take several legal actions to declare null or void the environmental permits that omitted the consultation process, and in some cases, courts have overturned environmental approvals in which consultation was not made as prescribed in the Indigenous Peoples Convention.
If the Indigenous Peoples Convention affects our development plans, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our operations and projects are subject to risks related to our relationships and/or agreements with local communities and laws on the rights of indigenous peoples.
Our operations and projects are subject to risks related to our relationships and/or agreements with local communities and laws on the rights of indigenous peoples. Our relationships with the communities that are located near our operations are essential to the success of our existing operations, exploration activities and the development of our production facilities. A failure to manage relationships with such local communities may lead to local dissatisfaction which, in turn, may lead to interruptions to our operations, exploration activities and development activities.
The Atacameño Peoples Council (Consejo de Pueblos Atacameños), which represents 18 Atacameño indigenous communities, advocates for the rights, traditions, and interests of the Atacameño people, including land use, environmental protection, and economic development in the Atacama region of Chile. On December 15, 2023, we signed an agreement with Codelco and the Atacameños Indigenous Organization to include the Atacameños Indigenous Organization in discussions regarding extending lithium extraction in the Salar de Atacama beyond 2030 through a joint venture to be formed with Codelco. However, in January 2024, a disagreement within the Atacameños Peoples Council led to a blockade of the main roads to our Salar de Atacama facilities for four days by a splinter group to express their dissent towards the non-binding Memorandum of Understanding we signed with Codelco for the operation and development of lithium extraction in the Salar de Atacama from 2025 to 2060. The blockade resulted in a shutdown of operations at our Salar de Atacama facilities for one day and was quickly resolved. However, there can be no assurance that other disruptions of our operations in the Salar de Atacama or elsewhere by members of the local communities near our operations may not occur again in the future.
Our lease agreement with Corfo, which grants us exclusive rights to exploit mineral resources in the Salar de Atacama until 2030, includes a commitment to invest between US$10 million and US$15 million annually in sustainable development projects for the Atacama La Grande indigenous communities through organizations promoting local development. We are dedicated to maintaining open, constructive dialogues with the local communities, primarily via roundtable discussions.
Disputes with the local communities that live near the Salar de Atacama may in the future interfere with our operations and/or result in additional operating costs or restrictions and adversely impact the use and enjoyment of mining rights with respect to our assets. Specific challenges in community relations include community concerns over management of increased traffic, environmental impacts and resource depletion, social, environmental and cultural heritage impacts, increasing expectations regarding the level of benefits that communities receive, benefits sharing with indigenous peoples’ governments, concerns focused on the level of transparency regarding the payment of compensation and the provision of other benefits to affected landholders and the wider community. In particular, opposition by indigenous communities to our activities may require modifications, disrupt or preclude our operations, our exploration activities or the development of our production facilities or may require entry into additional agreements with local communities, which may result in additional costs.
Our current and future operations are subject to a risk that one or more indigenous communities in the locations in which we operate may oppose continued operation, further development or new development of our operations and facilities. Claims and protests driven by such opposition may disrupt or delay activities, including permitting, at our operations and facilities. The negotiation and review of agreements, including components such as business development, participation, co-management and compensation and other benefits, involve complicated and sensitive issues, associated expectations and often competing interests. The nature and subject matter of these negotiations may result in community unrest which, in some instances, may lead to interruptions in our exploration programs, operational activities or delays to development of our production facilities.
Chile has different corporate disclosure and accounting standards than those you may be familiar with in the United States.
Accounting, financial reporting and securities disclosure requirements in Chile differ in certain significant respects from those required in the United States. Accordingly, the information about us available to you will not be the same as the information available to holders of securities issued by a U.S. company. In addition, although Chilean law imposes restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, applicable Chilean laws are different from those in the United States, and the Chilean securities markets are not as highly regulated and supervised as the U.S. securities markets.
Chile is located in a seismically active region.
Chile is prone to earthquakes because it is located along major fault lines. During 2017-2023, Chile has experienced several earthquakes which had a magnitude of over 6.0 on the Richter scale. There were also earthquakes in the past decade that caused substantial damage to some areas of the country. Chile has also experienced volcanic activity. A major earthquake or a volcanic eruption could have significant negative consequences for our operations and for the general infrastructure, such as roads, rail, and access to goods, in Chile. Although we maintain industry standard insurance policies that include earthquake coverage, we cannot assure you that a future seismic or volcanic event will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Relating to our Shares and to our ADSs
The price of our ADSs and the U.S. dollar value of any dividends will be affected by fluctuations in the U.S. dollar/Chilean peso exchange rate.
Chilean trading in the shares underlying our ADSs is conducted in Chilean pesos. The depositary for our ADSs will receive cash distributions that we make with respect to the shares in Chilean pesos. The depositary will convert such Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars at the then prevailing exchange rate to make dividend and other distribution payments in respect of ADSs. If the value of the Chilean peso falls relative to the U.S. dollar, the value of the ADSs and any distributions to be received from the depositary will decrease.
Developments in other emerging markets could materially affect the value of our ADSs and our shares.
The Chilean financial and securities markets are, to varying degrees, influenced by economic and market conditions in other emerging market countries or regions of the world. Although economic conditions are different in each country or region, investor reaction to developments in one country or region can have significant effects on the securities of issuers in other countries and regions, including Chile and Latin America. Events in other parts of the world may have a material effect on Chilean financial and securities markets and on the value of our ADSs and our shares.
The prices of securities issued by Chilean companies, including banks, are influenced to varying degrees by economic and market considerations in other countries. We cannot assure you that future developments in or affecting the Chilean economy, including consequences of economic difficulties in other markets, will not materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We are exposed to risks related to the weakness and volatility of the economic and political situation in Asia, the United States, Europe, other parts of Latin America and other nations. Although economic conditions in Europe and the United States may differ significantly from economic conditions in Chile, investors’ reactions to developments in these other countries may have an adverse effect on the market value of securities of Chilean issuers.
If these, or other nations’ economic conditions deteriorate, the economy in Chile, as both a neighboring country and a trading partner, could also be affected and could experience slower growth than in recent years, with possible adverse impact on our borrowers and counterparties.
The volatility and low liquidity of the Chilean securities markets could affect the ability of our shareholders to sell our ADSs.
The Chilean securities markets are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile than the major securities markets in the United States. The volatility and low liquidity of the Chilean markets could increase the price volatility of our ADSs and may impair the ability of a holder to sell our ADSs or to sell the shares underlying our ADSs into the Chilean market in the amount and at the price and time the holder wishes to do so.
Our share or ADS price may react negatively to future acquisitions, divestitures, capital increases and investments.
As world leaders in our core businesses, part of our strategy is to look for opportunities that will allow us to consolidate and strengthen our competitive position in jurisdictions in which we currently do not operate. Pursuant to this strategy, we may carry out acquisitions or joint ventures relating to any of our businesses or to new businesses in which we believe we may have sustainable competitive advantages. We may also seek to strengthen our leadership position in our core businesses through divestitures of certain assets or stakes in subsidiaries that we believe will allow us to concentrate our efforts on our core businesses. Depending on our capital structure at the time of any acquisitions or joint ventures, we may need to raise significant debt and/or equity which will affect our financial condition and future cash flows. We may also carry out capital increases, such as the one undertaken in 2021, in order to raise capital for our capital plan. In addition, any divestitures we effect may not result in strengthening our position in our core businesses as anticipated. Any change in our financial condition could affect our results of operations and negatively impact our share or ADS price.
ADS holders may be unable to enforce rights under U.S. securities laws.
Because we are a Chilean company subject to Chilean law, the rights of our shareholders may differ from the rights of shareholders in companies incorporated in the United States, and ADS holders may not be able to enforce or may have difficulty enforcing rights currently in effect under U.S. federal or state securities laws.
Our company is an open stock corporation incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Chile. Most of our directors and officers reside outside the United States, principally in Chile. All or a substantial portion of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, if any of our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs, were to bring a lawsuit against our officers or directors in the United States, it may be difficult for them to effect service of legal process within the United States upon these persons. Likewise, it may be difficult for them to enforce judgments obtained in United States courts based upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws in the United States against them in the United States.
In addition, there is no treaty between the United States and Chile providing for the reciprocal enforcement of foreign judgments. However, Chilean courts have enforced judgments rendered in the United States, provided that the Chilean court finds that the United States court respected basic principles of due process and public policy. Nevertheless, there is doubt as to whether an action could be brought successfully in Chile in the first instance on the basis of liability based solely upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws.
As preemptive rights may be unavailable for our ADS holders, they have the risk of their holdings being diluted if we issue new stock.
Chilean laws require companies to offer their shareholders preemptive rights whenever issuing new shares of capital stock so shareholders can maintain their existing ownership percentage in a company. If we increase our capital by issuing new shares, a holder may subscribe for up to the number of shares that would prevent dilution of the holder’s ownership interest.
If we issue preemptive rights, United States holders of ADSs would not be able to exercise their rights unless a registration statement under the Securities Act were effective with respect to such rights and the shares issuable upon exercise of such rights or an exemption from registration were available.
We cannot assure holders of ADSs that we will file a registration statement or that an exemption from registration will be available. Although in connection with the 2021 capital increase, we filed a registration statement that permitted holders of ADSs to exercise preemptive rights, we may, in our absolute discretion, decide not to prepare and file such a registration statement in a future capital increase. If our ADS holders were unable to exercise their preemptive rights in a future capital increase because we do not file a registration statement, the ADS depositary would attempt to sell their rights and distribute the net proceeds from the sale to them, after deducting the depositary’s fees and expenses. If the ADS depositary is not able sell the rights, the rights would expire and have no further value and holders of ADSs would not realize any value from them. In either case, ADS holders’ equity interests in us would be diluted in proportion to the increase in our capital stock.
If we were classified as a Passive Foreign Investment Company by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, there could be adverse consequences for U.S. investors.
We believe that we were not classified as a Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”) for 2023. Characterization as a PFIC could result in adverse U.S. tax consequences to a U.S. investor in our shares or ADSs. For example, if we (or any of our subsidiaries) are a PFIC, our U.S. investors may become subject to increased tax liabilities under U.S. tax laws and regulations and will become subject to burdensome reporting requirements. The determination of whether or not we (or any of our subsidiaries or portfolio companies) are a PFIC is made on an annual basis and will depend on the composition of our (or their) income and assets from time to time. See “Item 10.E. Taxation—Material United States Tax Considerations.”
Receipt of dividends and distributions by ADS holders may be limited by practical considerations and legal limitations, which may delay the payment and receipt of dividends and distributions by ADS holders.
Holders of ADSs generally have the right to receive dividends and other distributions we make on Series B common shares held by the ADS custodian under the terms of the deposit agreement in proportion to the number of ADSs held as of the specified record date, after deduction of the applicable fees, taxes and expenses. Receipt of these dividends and distributions may be limited by practical considerations and legal limitations, which may delay the payment and receipt of dividends and distributions by ADS holders.
Changes in Chilean tax regulations could have adverse consequences for U.S. investors.
Cash dividends paid by the Company with respect to the shares, including the shares represented by ADSs, will be subject to a Chilean withholding tax at a rate of 35%, less the credit available for corporate tax, which must be withheld and paid by the Company (the “Withholding Tax”). The effective rate of Withholding Tax imposed on dividends attributed to earnings in 2023 of the Company and distributed during the same period was 23.90411%.
Changes in Chilean tax regulations could have adverse consequences for U.S. investors. For example, the changes introduced by Law No. 21,420 published in the Official Gazette on February 4, 2022 and effective on September 1, 2022, by which the highest value or gain obtained in the sale on the stock exchange or in a public offering process of shares of corporations with a high stock market presence will be affected by a single tax with a rate of 10%, except for certain institutional investors, could have adverse tax consequences for investors resident in the United States. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Chile—The Chilean Government Could Levy Additional Taxes on Corporations Operating in Chile” and “Item 10.E. Taxation—Material Chilean Tax Considerations.”
General Risk Factors
Our measures to minimize our exposure to bad debt may not be effective and a significant increase in our accounts receivable coupled with the financial condition of customers may result in losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Potentially negative effects of global economic conditions on the financial condition of our customers may include the extension of the payment terms of our accounts receivable and may increase our exposure to bad debt. While we have implemented certain safeguards, such as using credit insurance, letters of credit and prepayment for a portion of sales, to minimize the risk, we cannot assure you that such safeguards will be effective and a significant increase in our accounts receivable coupled with the financial condition of customers may result in losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Quality standards in markets in which we sell our products could become stricter over time.
In the markets in which we do business, customers may impose quality standards on our products and/or governments may enact stricter regulations for the distribution and/or use of our products. As a result, if we cannot meet such new standards or regulations, we may not be able to sell our products. In addition, our cost of production may increase in order to meet any such newly imposed or enacted standards or regulations. Failure to sell our products in one or more markets or to important customers could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is subject to many operating and other risks for which we may not be fully covered under our insurance policies.
Our facilities and business operations in Chile and abroad are insured against losses, damage or other risks by insurance policies that are standard for the industry and that would reasonably be expected to be sufficient by prudent and experienced persons engaged in businesses similar to ours.
We may be subject to certain events that may not be covered under our insurance policies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, as a result of major earthquakes and unexpected rains and flooding in Chile, as well as other natural disasters worldwide, conditions in the insurance market have changed and may continue to change in the future, and as a result, we may face higher premiums and reduced coverage, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our water supply could be affected by geological changes or climate change.
Our access to water may be impacted by changes in geology, climate change or other natural factors, such as wells drying up or reductions in the amount of water available in the wells or rivers from which we obtain water, that we cannot control. The use of seawater for future or current operations could increase our operating costs. In addition, seawater projects could face timing issues and permits uncertainty which make them difficult to develop and construct. Any such change may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any loss of key personnel may materially and adversely affect our business.
Our success depends in large part on the skills, experience and efforts of our senior management team and other key personnel. The loss of the services of key members of our senior management or employees with critical skills could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we are not able to attract or retain highly skilled, talented and qualified senior managers or other key personnel, our ability to fully implement our business objectives may be materially and adversely affected.
We are subject to Chilean and international anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and international trade laws. Failure to comply with these laws could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are required to be in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations in Chile and internationally with respect to anti-corruption, anti-money laundering and other regulatory matters, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). Although we and our subsidiaries maintain policies, processes and controls intended to comply with these laws, we cannot ensure that these compliance policies and processes will prevent intentional, reckless or negligent acts committed by our officers or employees.
We have received a request for information and subpoena from the SEC requesting information related to our business operations, compliance program, and allegations of potential violations of the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws. The SEC has said that the investigation is a non-public, fact-finding inquiry and we are not aware that any conclusion has been reached by the SEC. We initiated an internal review to identify materials that are responsive to the SEC’s inquiry and are actively cooperating in the SEC’s review by providing the information requested. We are cooperating fully with the SEC regarding this matter. However, at this time we cannot predict when the SEC’s review will be completed, the outcome of its inquiry, what conclusions it may reach, any actions it may take as a result of its inquiry, or the impact of such conclusions or actions on our business, financial conditions or results of operations.
If we or our subsidiaries fail to comply with any applicable anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering or other similar laws, we and our officers and employees may be subject to criminal, administrative or civil penalties and other remedial measures, which could have material adverse effects on our and our subsidiaries’ business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any investigation of potential violations of anti-corruption, anti-bribery or anti-money laundering laws by governmental authorities in Chile or other jurisdictions could result in an inability to prepare our consolidated financial statements in a timely manner, which could adversely impact our reputation, ability to access the financial markets and ability to obtain contracts, assignments, permits and other government authorizations necessary to participate in our and our subsidiaries’ industry, which, in turn, could have adverse effects on our and our subsidiaries’ business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to risks related to the armed conflicts in other areas of the world, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Global markets have been and may continue to be subjected to periods of economic uncertainty, volatility and disruption due to armed conflicts around the world. Since 2022, the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine has provoked strong reactions from the United States, the UK, the European Union and various other countries around the world, including the imposition of broad financial and economic sanctions against Russia. More recently there have been armed conflicts in the Middle East, such as in Gaza and between Israel and Iran. While the precise effects of the ongoing military conflict on the global economies remain uncertain, they have already resulted in significant volatility in financial markets as well as in an increase in energy and commodity prices globally. Should the conflict continue or escalate, markets may face various economic and security consequences including, but not limited to, supply shortages of different kinds, further increases in prices of commodities, including natural gas, oil, fertilizers and agricultural goods, significant disruptions in logistics infrastructure, telecommunications services, the risk of unavailability of information technology systems and infrastructure, among others, as well as potentially limiting access to financial markets. The resulting impacts on financial markets, inflation, interest rates, unemployment and other matters could disrupt the global economy. Other potential consequences include, but are not limited to, growth in the number of popular uprisings in the region, increased political discontent, especially in the regions most affected by the conflict or economic sanctions, increase in cyberterrorism activities and attacks, displacement of persons to regions close to the areas of conflict and an increase in the number of refugees fleeing the regions with armed conflicts, among other unforeseen social and humanitarian effects.
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
4.A.History and Development of the Company
Historical Background
Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. is an open stock corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Chile. We were constituted by public deed issued on June 17, 1968 by the Notary Public of Santiago, Mr. Sergio Rodríguez Garcés. Our existence was approved by Decree No. 1,164 of June 22, 1968 of the Ministry of Finance, and we were registered on June 29, 1968 in the Registry of Commerce of Santiago, on page 4,537 No. 1,992. Our headquarters is located at El Trovador 4285, Fl. 6, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. Our telephone number is +56 2 2425-2000. We are legally referred to by our full name Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. as well as commercially by the abbreviated name “SQM.” Our Website is www.sqm.com. The information contained on or linked from our website is not included as part of, or incorporated by reference into this report. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, such as our company, at www.sec.gov.
We were formed in 1968 through a joint venture between Compañía Salitrera Anglo Lautaro S.A. (“Anglo Lautaro”) and Corfo, a Chilean government entity. In 1971, Anglo Lautaro sold all of its shares to Corfo, and we were wholly owned by the Chilean government until 1983. In 1983, Corfo began a process of privatization by selling our shares to the public and subsequently listing such shares on the Santiago Stock Exchange. By 1988, all of our shares were publicly owned. Our ADSs have traded on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “SQM” since 1993. Each ADS represents one Series B common share. We have from time to time accessed international capital markets for the issuance of additional ADSs, including our US$1.1 billion capital increase in 2021.
Since our inception, we have produced nitrates and iodine, which are obtained from the caliche ore deposits in northern Chile. In 1985, we began to use heap leaching processes to extract nitrates and iodine, and in 1986 we started to produce potassium nitrate at our Coya Sur facility. Between 1994 and 1999, we invested approximately US$300 million in the development of the Salar de Atacama project in northern Chile, which has enabled us to produce potassium chloride, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, potassium sulfate and boric acid.
From 2000 through 2004, we principally consolidated the investments carried out in the preceding five years. We focused on reducing costs and improving efficiencies throughout the organization.
Starting in 2005, we began strengthening our leadership position in our core businesses through a combination of capital expenditures and advantageous acquisitions and divestitures.
Our capital expenditure program has allowed us to add new products to our product lines and increase the production capacity of our existing products. In 2005, we started production of lithium hydroxide at a plant in our Lithium Chemical production facility, near the city of Antofagasta in the north of Chile. In 2007, we completed the construction of a new prilling and granulating plant for nitrates in Coya Sur. In 2011, we completed expansions of our lithium carbonate capacity, achieving 48,000 metric tons of capacity per year. Since 2010, we have continued to expand our production capacity of potassium products in our operations in the Salar de Atacama. In 2011, we completed the construction of a new potassium nitrate facility in Coya Sur, increasing our overall production capacity of potassium nitrate by 300,000 metric tons per year. In 2013, we completed expansions in the production capacity of our iodine plants in Nueva Victoria. Our capital expenditure program also includes exploration for metallic minerals. Our exploration efforts have led to discoveries that in some cases may result in sales of the discovery and the generation of royalty income in the future. Within this context, in 2013 we sold our royalty rights to the Antucoya mining project to Antofagasta Minerals.
In 2014, we invested in the development of new extraction sectors and production increases in both nitrates and iodine at Nueva Victoria, reaching an approximate iodine production capacity (including the Iris facility) of 8,500 metric tons per year at the facility.
In 2015, we focused on increasing the efficiency of our operations. Within this context, we announced a plan to restructure our iodine and nitrate operations. In an effort to take advantage of our highly efficient production facilities at our Nueva Victoria site, we decided to suspend the mining and nitrate operations and reduce iodine production at our Pedro de Valdivia site. During 2017, we increased our iodine production capacity at Nueva Victoria to approximately 10,000 metric tons per year. We continued expanding our iodine capacity in 2018, which, including Pedro de Valdivia and Nueva Victoria, reached approximately 14,000 metric tons per year.
In 2016, we entered into a 50/50 joint venture with Lithium Americas to develop the Minera Exar lithium project in Caucharí-Olaroz in the Jujuy province of Argentina. Our interest was sold to Ganfeng Lithium Netherlands Co., BV in 2018. Ganfeng is responsible for a US$50 million deferred payment to us if certain sales goals are met by the project. In 2016, we also made a capital contribution of US$20 million to Elemental Minerals Limited (“Elemental Minerals”), an Australian based company whose main assets are various potassium deposits in the Republic of Congo.
In 2017, we entered into a 50/50 joint venture with respect to the Mt. Holland lithium project to design, construct and operate a mine, concentrator and refinery for the production of lithium hydroxide.
On September 23, 2019, Wesfarmers Limited (“Wesfarmers”) acquired all the issued ordinary shares in our joint venture partner and became a 50% partner in the Mt. Holland lithium project in the joint venture with SQM Australia Pty.
In October 2020, we announced our Sustainable Development Plan, which includes voluntarily expanding our monitoring systems, promoting better and more meaningful conversations with neighboring communities, becoming carbon neutral and reducing water by 65% and brine extraction by 50%. As part of this plan, we also set a goal to obtain international certifications and participate in international sustainability indices.
In 2021, in the Salar de Atacama, we began preparing an external audit in IRMA’s rigorous responsible mining evaluation process.
On February 16, 2021, our Board approved the investment of approximately US$700 million for our 50% share of the development costs of the Mt. Holland lithium hydroxide project in the joint venture with Wesfarmers. During 2021, our lithium carbonate production in Chile reached an effective capacity of 120,000 metric tons.
In November 2021, we were accepted into the Dow Jones Sustainability Chile and the Dow Jones Sustainability MILA Pacific Alliance Indices for the second year in a row.
In 2022, we completed our lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide expansion projects in Chile, increasing production capacity to 180,000 metric tons and 30,000 metric tons, respectively. We also began the overhaul of a lithium hydroxide plant in China which will be fed with lithium sulfate from Chile.
We completed phase 2 of the ISO 14001 and 45001 certification process in the Salar de Atacama and our Lithium Chemical production facility, and continued with the implementation process of ISO 50001 in the Salar de Atacama, Nueva Victoria and Coya Sur operations to support decarbonization goals associated with energy management systems. Additionally, we participated in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) assessment and were accepted into the MILA and Chile indices for the third consecutive year and were included in the Sustainability Yearbook 2023. We evaluated ourselves in Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) where we received a category B climate change rating, which is higher than the global average (category C) and in line with the global chemicals industry average (category B-).
In line with our sustainability goals, during 2022-2023, we continued with the IRMA certification process and completed the on-site certification audit (phase 2) in the Salar de Atacama operation. In September 2023, our lithium mining operations in the Salar de Atacama achieved IRMA 75, the highest score to date worldwide. The ranking is an additional reinforcement of our commitment to transparency of our operations and reflects our commitment to produce the world's most sustainable lithium in the Salar de Atacama. As a result of our participation in the DJSI assessment during 2023, we were accepted into DJSI World and Emerging Markets indices, two years ahead of our internal goal, maintained our inclusion in DJSI Mila and Chile indices, and were included into the Sustainability Yearbook 2024. We also completed the CDP evaluation for water in which we achieved a category B- rating, a level higher than the world average and the chemical industry average (category C).
During 2023, we completed ISO 14001 and 45001 recertification of our management systems in the Salar de Atacama and our Lithium Chemical production facility, together with the implementation of ISO 50001, as recommended by the certification body to certify our energy management system. We also obtained ISO 50001 certification for our Nueva Victoria and Coya Sur sites.
During 2023, we continued working on the capacity expansion projects at our Lithium Chemical production facility with our lithium carbonate capacity reaching 200,000 metric tons by the end of the year. We expect our lithium carbonate capacity to reach 210,000 metric tons during 2024, while we are working on expanding our total lithium hydroxide capacity in Chile to reach 100,000 metric tons in 2025. Our mining and concentrator facilities at Mt. Holland commenced its operations during the fourth quarter of 2023. We expect our refining capacity in Kwinana, Perth, to be completed during 2025. We also completed the overhaul of a lithium hydroxide plant in China and started the production of lithium hydroxide at that plant from lithium sulfate produced in the Salar de Atacama.
In March 2023, we completed a transaction to acquire 19.99% of Azure Minerals Limited ("Azure") for a total amount of approximately US$13.5 million. Azure's main asset consists of 60% ownership over mining rights comprising the Andover lithium project which is located in the West Pilbara region of Western Australia, and comprises hundreds of outcropping spodumene-bearing, lithium-rich pegmatites. Azure announced an exploration target for Andover lithium project of 100-240 million metric tons grading at 1.0-1.5% lithium oxide, equivalent to 2.5 to 8.9 million metric tons of lithium carbonate equivalent. As a result of the capital increase transaction completed by Azure in October 2023, where we acquired additional shares for a total amount of approximately US$17.2 million, and exercise of share options, our current ownership in Azure is approximately 19.4%.
On December 18, 2023, together with Hancock Prospecting Pty ("Hancock"), the owner of approximately 18.4% of Azure's shares, we entered into a transaction implementation deed to acquire all outstanding shares of Azure by way of a joint scheme of arrangement for a cash price of A$3.70 per share, and a simultaneous conditional joint off-market takeover bid for a cash price of A$3.65 per share. On April 8, 2024, the Azure's shareholders approved the proposed acquisition of all outstanding shares of Azure by way of scheme of arrangement. The scheme is pending approval by the Australian Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB) and the Australian Court and will be implemented shortly after all the approvals have been received.
On December 27, 2023, we announced signing a non-binding memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Codelco for the joint operation and development of the Salar de Atacama during the period from 2025 to 2060. The full text of the MoU is filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this Form 20-F.
We regularly review different opportunities to improve our production methods, reduce costs, increase production capacity of existing products and develop new products and markets. Additionally, significant capital expenditures are required every year in order to sustain our production capacity. We are focused on developing new products in response to identified customer demand, as well as new products that can be derived as part of our existing production or other products that could fit our long-term development strategy. Our capital expenditures in Chile have been mainly related to the organic growth and sustainability of our business, including the construction of new facilities and the renovation of plants and equipment. In 2023, we also worked on the expansion of our lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide capacity in Chile, which reached 200,000 metric tons and 30,000 metric tons respectively, by the end of 2023.
We also continued with expansions related to the mining and production facilities of nitrates and iodine in Chile, with our operations at Pampa Blanca delivering additional nitrates and iodine production volumes.
Our capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
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|
|
|
| (in millions of US$) |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| Capital expenditures |
|
1,103.6 |
|
|
905.2 |
|
|
464.7 |
|
During 2023, we had total capital expenditures of US$1,103.6 million. Our 2023 capital expenditure was primarily related to:
•Capacity expansion projects related to the completion of the increase of our lithium carbonate production in Chile from 180,000 metric tons per year to 210,000 metric tons per year by the end of 2024;
•Capacity expansion of lithium hydroxide production in Chile from 30,000 metric tons per year to 100,000 metric tons per year by 2025;
•Investment in Mt. Holland lithium project in Western Australia, completion of mine and concentrator capacity and construction of refinery to produce 50,000 metric tons of lithium hydroxide in 2025.
•Investment in the development of new caliche projects in Pampa Blanca and Nueva Victoria to increase the iodine and nitrate production capacity; and
•General maintenance of all production facilities, among others.
During 2022, we had total capital expenditures of US$905.2 million. Our 2022 capital expenditure was primarily related to:
•Capacity expansion projects related to the completion of our increase of our lithium carbonate production in Chile from 120,000 metric tons per year to 180,000 metric tons per year by the end of 2022;
•Completion of capacity expansion of lithium hydroxide production in Chile from 21,500 metric tons per year to 30,000 metric tons per year;
•Investment in our new 50,000 metric ton Mt. Holland lithium hydroxide mine and refining plant in Western Australia;
•Acquisition of the 20,000 metric ton lithium hydroxide refining plant in China; and
•Investment in the development of new caliche projects to optimize the iodine and nitrate production plants and carry out general maintenance of all production facilities, among others.
During 2021, we had total capital expenditures of US$464.7 million. Our 2021 capital expenditure was primarily related to:
•Capacity expansion projects related to the completion of our increase of our lithium carbonate production in Chile from 70,000 metric tons per year to 120,000 metric tons per year by the end of 2021 and investment in further lithium carbonate production capacity expansion from 120,000 to 180,000 metric tons per year in 2022;
•Completion of capacity expansion of lithium hydroxide production in Chile from 13,500 metric tons per year to 21,500 metric tons per year and commencement of a further expansion of lithium hydroxide production capacity in Chile from 21,500 metric tons per year to 30,000 metric tons per year in 2022;
•Investment in our new 50,000 metric ton Mt. Holland lithium hydroxide facility in Western Australia;
•Optimization projects related to iodine production plants in Nueva Victoria; and
•General maintenance of all production units in order to ensure the fulfillment of production and sales targets.
We believe that our capital expenditures for 2024 could reach approximately US$1.3 billion focused on the increase of our production capacity, primarily related to lithium hydroxide capacity and nitrates and iodine capacity expansions in Chile, construction of a lithium hydroxide refinery in Australia as part of our Mt. Holland lithium project in Western Australia, as well as the maintenance of our production facilities in order to strengthen our ability to meet our production goals. We expect our installed capacity of lithium carbonate in Chile to reach approximately 210,000 metric tons during 2024, while we will continue with our lithium hydroxide capacity expansion to reach 100,000 metric tons in 2025. We will also continue to invest in the construction of our Mt. Holland lithium hydroxide refinery in Western Australia and will complete the acquisition of the lithium hydroxide production plant in China to produce from lithium sulfate.
We expect our capital expenditure for the 2024-2025 period to reach approximately US$2.4 billion, including maintenance. As we continue with lithium capacity expansion in Chile, we expect to invest approximately US$1.4 billion to increase our lithium capacity to 210,000 metric tons by 2024, including 100,000 metric tons of lithium hydroxide capacity by 2025. Our investment in the Mt.
Holland project and exploration projects in Australia during this period is expected to be close to US$340 million. Nitrates and iodine capacity expansion will require a total capex of approximately US$700 million, including maintenance. Maintenance capex during this period is expected to be approximately US$150 million per annum.
4.B.Business Overview
The Company
We believe that we are the world’s largest producer of potassium nitrate and iodine and one of the world’s largest lithium producers. We also produce specialty plant nutrients, iodine derivatives, lithium derivatives, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and certain industrial chemicals (including industrial nitrates and solar salts). Our products are sold in over 100 countries through our worldwide distribution network, with 98% of our sales in 2023 derived from countries outside Chile.
Our products are mainly derived from mineral deposits found in northern Chile. We mine and process caliche ore and brine deposits. The caliche ore in northern Chile contains the only known nitrate and iodine deposits in the world and is the world’s largest commercially exploited source of natural nitrates. The brine deposits of the Salar de Atacama, a salt-encrusted depression in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile, contain high concentrations of lithium and potassium as well as significant concentrations of sulfate and boron.
From our caliche ore deposits, we produce a wide range of nitrate-based products used for specialty plant nutrients and industrial applications, as well as iodine and iodine derivatives. At the Salar de Atacama, we extract brines rich in potassium, lithium, sulfate and boron in order to produce potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, lithium solutions and bischofite (magnesium chloride). We produce lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide at our plant near the city of Antofagasta, Chile, from the solutions brought from the Salar de Atacama. We market all of these products through an established worldwide distribution network.
Our products are divided into six categories: specialty plant nutrients; iodine and its derivatives; lithium and its derivatives; potassium chloride and potassium sulfate; industrial chemicals and other commodity fertilizers. Specialty plant nutrients are premium fertilizers that enable farmers to improve yields and the quality of certain crops. Our main specialty fertilizer is potassium nitrate, which is used primarily via fertigation in high-value crops. Iodine and its derivatives are mainly used in the X-ray contrast media and biocides industries and in the production of polarizing film, which is an important component in LCD screens. Lithium and its derivatives are mainly used in batteries, greases and frits for production of ceramics. Potassium chloride is a commodity fertilizer that is produced and sold by us worldwide. Industrial chemicals have a wide range of applications in certain chemical processes such as the manufacturing of glass, explosives and ceramics. Industrial nitrates are also being used in concentrated solar power plants as a means for energy storage. In addition, we complement our product portfolio through the buying and selling of other complementary fertilizers around the world.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had revenues of US$7,467.5 million, gross profit of US$3,075.1 million and profit attributable to controlling interests of US$923.2 million. Our worldwide market capitalization as of December 31, 2023 was approximately US$16.9 billion.
Specialty Plant Nutrition: We produce three main types of specialty plant nutrients which offer nutritional solutions for fertigation, direct soil and foliar fertilizer applications: potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and specialty blends. We also sell other specialty fertilizers including third party products. All of these products are used in either solid or liquid form mainly on high value crops such as fruit, flowers and some vegetables. These fertilizers are widely used in crops that use modern agricultural techniques such as hydroponics, greenhouses and crops with foliar application and fertigation (in the latter case, the fertilizer is dissolved in water before irrigation).
Specialty plant nutrients have certain advantages over commodity fertilizers, such as rapid and effective absorption (without requiring nitrification), superior water solubility and low chloride content. One of the most important products in this business line is potassium nitrate, which is sold in crystalline or prill form, allowing for different application methods. Crystalline potassium nitrate products are ideal for application by fertigation and foliar applications, and potassium nitrate prills are suitable for direct soil applications.
We have developed brands for marketing according to the different applications and uses of our products. Our main brands are: Ultrasol® (fertigation), Qrop® (soil application), Speedfol® (foliar application) and Allganic® (organic agriculture).
The new needs of more sophisticated customers demand that the industry provide integrated solutions rather than individual products. Our products, including customized specialty blends that meet specific needs along with the agronomic service provided, allow us to create plant nutrition solutions that add value to crops through higher yields and better-quality production. Because our products are derived from natural nitrate compounds or natural potassium brines, they have certain advantages over synthetically produced fertilizers. One of the advantages of our products is the presence of certain beneficial trace elements, which makes them more valuable for customers who prefer products of natural origin. As a result, specialty plant nutrients are sold at a premium price compared to commodity fertilizers.
Iodine and its Derivatives: We believe that we are the world’s leading producer of iodine and iodine derivatives, which are used in a wide range of medical, pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial applications, including x-ray contrast media, polarizing films for LCD and LED, antiseptics, biocides and disinfectants, in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, electronics, pigments and dye components.
Lithium and its Derivatives: We are a leading producer of lithium carbonate, which is used in a variety of applications, including electrochemical materials for batteries used in electric vehicles, portable computers, tablets, cellular telephones and electronic apparatus, frits for the ceramic and enamel industries, heat-resistant glass (ceramic glass), air conditioning chemicals, continuous casting powder for steel extrusion, pharmaceuticals and lithium derivatives. We are also a leading supplier of lithium hydroxide, which is primarily used as an input for the lubricating greases industry and for cathodes for high energy capacity batteries.
Potassium: We produce potassium chloride and potassium sulfate from brines extracted from the Salar de Atacama. Potassium chloride is a commodity fertilizer used to fertilize a variety of crops including corn, rice, sugar, soybean and wheat. Potassium sulfate is a specialty fertilizer used mainly in crops such as vegetables, fruits and industrial crops.
Industrial Chemicals: We produce and sell three industrial chemicals: sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride. Sodium nitrate is used primarily in the production of glass, explosives, and metal treatment, metal recycling and the production of insulation materials, among other uses. Potassium nitrate is used in the manufacturing of specialty glass, and it is also an important raw material for the production of frits for the ceramics, enamel industries, metal treatment and pyrotechnics. Solar salts, a combination of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate, are used as a thermal storage medium in concentrated solar power plants. Potassium chloride is a basic chemical used to produce potassium hydroxide, and it is also used as an additive in oil drilling as well as in food processing, among other uses.
Other Products and Services: We also sell other fertilizers and blends, some of which we do not produce. We are the largest company that produces and distributes the three main potassium sources: potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and potassium chloride.
The following table shows the percentage breakdown of our revenues for 2023, 2022 and 2021 according to our product lines:
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2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| Specialty Plant Nutrition |
12 |
% |
|
11 |
% |
|
32 |
% |
| Iodine and Derivatives |
12 |
% |
|
7 |
% |
|
15 |
% |
| Lithium and Derivatives |
69 |
% |
|
76 |
% |
|
33 |
% |
| Potassium |
4 |
% |
|
4 |
% |
|
15 |
% |
| Industrial Chemicals |
2 |
% |
|
2 |
% |
|
5 |
% |
| Other |
0 |
% |
|
0 |
% |
|
1 |
% |
| Total |
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
Business Strategy
SQM is a global company that develops and produces diverse products for several industries essential for human progress, such as health, nutrition, renewable energy and technology through innovation and technological development. We aim to maintain our leading world position in the lithium, potassium nitrate, iodine and thermo-solar salts markets by:
•Ensuring access to the best assets related to our current business lines by expanding our global presence;
•Actively searching for attractive minerals allowing us diversification opportunities to replicate and expand our existing mining capacities;
•Strengthening our operational, logistical and commercial excellence process from beginning to end, while looking to be a cost leader; and
•Maintaining a conservative financial policy which allows us to successfully endure economic cycles that could impact the markets in which we sell.
We are a dynamic company. In pursuit of our objectives, we expect to acquire and develop projects and interests that are consistent with our existing and new businesses, either alone or with joint venture partners. We may also divest or sell-down interests that we have acquired to deploy funds for other investments or other purposes in pursuit of our objectives or to adjust risk or diversify our asset base.
We are a company built and managed by a culture based on excellence, safety, sustainability and integrity. We work every day to expand this culture through the attraction, retention and development of talent as well encouraging an inclusive and diverse work environment ensuring the unique knowledge and innovation needed to sustain our business. We strive for safe and accident-free operations by promoting conduct that favors the physical safety and psychological well-being of everyone who works directly and indirectly with our company.
We position ourselves as leaders in sustainability and commit to a sustainable future where we constantly work to responsibly manage natural resources, protect human rights, care for the environment, form close and trusting relationships with our neighboring communities and create value. Within these communities, we support projects and activities with a focus on education, business development, and protection of the environment and historical heritage. We create value for our clients through established commercial models and the production and development of differentiated products that respond to their industry and market specific needs, constantly creating and providing a sustainable improvement in the quality of life. We will continue to create value for all of our stakeholders through responsible management of natural resources, sustainable expansion projects and improvement of our existing operations, with a focus on minimizing our environmental impacts by reducing our carbon, energy and water footprints and working together with our shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers and communities.
Specialty Plant Nutrition
Our strategy in our specialty plant nutrition business is to: (i) leverage the advantages of our specialty products over commodity-type fertilizers; (ii) selectively expand our business by increasing our sales of higher margin specialty plant nutrients based on potassium and natural nitrates, particularly soluble potassium nitrate and specialty blends; (iii) pursue investment opportunities in complementary businesses to enhance our product portfolio, increase production, reduce costs, and add value to the marketing of our products; (iv) develop new specialty nutrient blends produced in our mixing plants that are strategically located in or near our principal markets in order to meet specific customer needs; (v) focus primarily on the markets where we can sell our plant nutrients in soluble and foliar applications in order to establish a leadership position; (vi) further develop our global distribution and marketing system directly and through strategic alliances with other producers and global or local distributors; (vii) reduce our production costs through improved processes and higher labor productivity so as to compete more effectively and (viii) supply a product with consistent quality according to the specific requirements of our customers.
Iodine and its Derivatives
Our strategy in our iodine business is to: (i) reach and maintain a sufficient market share of the iodine market in order to optimize the use of our available production capacity; (ii) encourage demand growth and promote new iodine uses; (iii) participate in iodine recycling projects through the Ajay-SQM Group (“ASG”); (iv) reduce our production costs through improved processes and higher productivity in order to compete more effectively and (v) supply a product with consistent quality according to the requirements of our customers.
Lithium and its Derivatives
Our strategy in our lithium business is to: (i) strategically allocate our sales of lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide; (ii) encourage demand growth and promote new lithium uses; (iii) selectively pursue opportunities in the lithium derivatives business by creating new lithium compounds; (iv) reduce our production costs through improved processes and higher productivity in order to compete more effectively; (v) supply a product with consistent quality according to the requirements of our customers; (vi) diversify our operations geographically and jurisdictionally; and (vii) diversifying our asset base or adjusting risk by acquiring new projects and interests (either alone or with joint venture partners), divesting existing projects or selling down our interests in projects.
Potassium
Our strategy in our potassium business is to: (i) have flexibility to offer crystalized (standard) or granular (compacted) form products according to market requirements; (ii) focus on markets where we have logistical advantages and synergies with our specialty plant nutrition business and (iii) supply a product with consistent quality according to the specific requirements of our customers.
Industrial Chemicals
Our strategy in our industrial chemical business is to: (i) maintain our leadership position in the industrial nitrates market; (ii) encourage demand growth in different applications as well as exploring new potential applications; (iii) position ourselves as a long-term, reliable supplier for the thermal storage industry, maintaining close relationships with R&D programs and industrial initiatives; (iv) reduce our production costs through improved processes and higher productivity in order to compete more effectively and (v) supply a product with consistent quality according to the requirements of our customers.
New Business Ventures
We constantly evaluate opportunities that are consistent with our existing and new businesses. We seek to acquire interests in projects both inside and outside of Chile where we believe we have sustainable competitive advantages, and we hope to continue doing so in the future.
In Australia, in addition to Mt. Holland and our investment in Azure, we are carrying out early-stage exploration activities in a series of different projects. Some of these activities are being directly carried out by our internal geological exploration team, based in our office in Perth, Western Australia, with others being worked in conjunction with partners through earn-in agreements. Activities range from desktop target generation to on-site mapping, rock chip/soil sampling and drilling.
In Chile, we are actively conducting exploration for metallic minerals in the mining properties we own. If such minerals are found, we may decide to exploit, sell or enter into an association to extract these resources. Our exploration efforts are currently focused on the layer of bedrock that lies beneath the caliche ore that we use as the primary raw material in the production of iodine and nitrates. This bedrock has significant potential for metallic mineralization, particularly copper, gold and silver. A significant portion of our mining properties are located in the Antofagasta region of Chile, where many large copper producers operate.
We have an in-house geological exploration team that explores the area directly, identifying drilling targets and assessing new prospects. In 2021, the team has confirmed the existence of high-grade copper and gold mineralization at the Bufalo project, located 120 kilometers east of the city of Antofagasta. The Bufalo project corresponds to a district that hosts several mineralized bodies of copper, copper-gold and copper-gold-silver in which SQM has already drilled nearly 156,000 meters, using our own diamond and RC drilling machines. More than 45 projects with copper potential have also been generated, in greenfield and intermediate stages of exploration, which will be drilled starting in 2024. We also have a metal business development team that works to engage partners interested in investing in metal exploration within our mining properties. As of December 2023, we had two option agreements in place with three mining companies and private equity firms. We participated in the formation of one joint venture as a result of exercising an option agreement with a junior mining company.
Main Business Lines
Specialty Plant Nutrition
In 2023, specialty plant nutrients revenues decreased to US$913.9 million, representing 12.2% of our total revenues for that year and a 22.0% decrease from US$1,172.3 million in specialty plant nutrients revenues in 2022. Prices decreased approximately 21.3% in 2023.
We believe that we are the world’s largest producer of potassium nitrate. We estimate that our sales accounted for approximately 42% of global potassium nitrate sales for all agricultural uses by volume in 2023.
The following table shows our sales volumes of and revenues from specialty plant nutrients for 2023, 2022 and 2021:
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
Sales volumes (Th. MT) |
840.2 |
|
847.9 |
|
1,154.6 |
| Sodium nitrate |
16.7 |
|
14.4 |
|
32.1 |
| Potassium nitrate and sodium potassium nitrate |
443.5 |
|
477.4 |
|
643.6 |
Specialty blends(1) |
243.4 |
|
218.0 |
|
304.0 |
Other specialty plant nutrients(2) |
136.5 |
|
138.1 |
|
174.9 |
Total revenues (in US$millions) |
913.9 |
|
|
1,172.3 |
|
|
908.8 |
|
________________________________________________
(1)Includes third party products sold pursuant to our commercial agreement.
(2)Includes trading of other specialty fertilizers.
Specialty Plant Nutrition: Market
Specialty plant nutrients are sold for various agricultural uses, including but not limited to fertigation in high-value crops (vegetables, fruit trees, flowers, etc.). These fertilizers must be highly soluble and free of impurities in order to be used by means of modern technical irrigation techniques (drip irrigation, micro-sprinkler). Among the specialty plant nutrients for use in fertigation, potassium nitrate is one of the most important fertilizers. Its advantage lies in being chlorine free, high solubility, adequate PH and free of impurities. These advantages allow for a premium price compared to substitute commodity fertilizers such as potassium chloride and sulfate.
Modern irrigation systems are increasingly used with protected crops and in high-value fruit plantations such as greenhouses, tunnels (berries) and shade houses (tomatoes). Specialty nutrients for foliar and granular soil applications in certain high-value niches such as potato and tobacco production.
Specialty plant nutrients have specific characteristics that increase productivity and enhance quality when used on certain crops and soils. The products have significant advantages for certain applications over commodity fertilizers based on other sources of nitrogen and potassium, such as urea and potassium chloride.
Since 1990, the international market for specialty plant nutrients has grown at a faster rate than the international market for commodity fertilizers. This is mainly due to: (i) the application of new agricultural technologies such as fertigation, hydroponics and greenhouses; (ii) the increase in the cost of land and the scarcity of water, which has forced farmers to improve their yields and reduce water use; and (iii) the increase in demand for higher quality crops.
As an exception, during 2022 and 2023 and due to the strong increase in price, adverse climate conditions and high inflation rates, the agricultural soluble potassium nitrate market had a consumption reduction of approximately 10% and 15%, respectively. These estimates do not consider potassium nitrate produced and sold locally in China, and only include net imports and exports.
Specialty Plant Nutrition: Our Products
Potassium nitrate and specialty blends are higher margin products that use sodium nitrate as a feedstock. These products can be manufactured in crystallized or prilled form. Specialty blends are produced using our own specialty plant nutrients and other components at blending plants operated by us or our affiliates and related companies throughout the world.
The advantages of our specialty plant nutrients include that they:
•are fully water soluble, allowing their more efficient use in hydroponics, fertigation, foliar applications and other advanced agricultural techniques thus reducing the water use;
•are chloride-free, which prevents toxicity in certain crops sensitive to chlorine; and
•provide nitrogen in nitric form, thereby allowing crops to absorb nutrients faster than they absorb urea- or ammonium-based fertilizers.
Depending on the systems used to apply specialty nutrients, fertilizers can be classified as specialty field fertilizers or water-soluble fertilizers.
Specialty field fertilizers are applied directly to the soil, manually or in a mechanized fashion. Their high solubility levels, lack of chloride and absence of acidic reactions make them particularly advantageous for tobacco, potatoes, coffee, cotton, and certain fruits and vegetables.
Water-soluble fertilizers are specialty nutrients that are delivered to the crops using modern irrigation systems. As these systems feature refined technology, the products used in them must be highly soluble, rich in nutrients, free of impurities and insoluble substances, and with a low salinity index. The leading nutrient in this segment is potassium nitrate, whose optimal balance of nitric nitrogen and chloride-free potassium (the two macronutrients most needed by plants) make it an indispensable source of nutrition for crops that use modern irrigation systems.
Potassium nitrate is widely known to be a vital component in foliar feeding applications, where usage is recommended in order to stave off nutritional deficiencies before the first symptoms appear, correct any deficiencies that arise and prevent physiological stress. This nutrient also helps promote a suitable balance between fruit production and/or growth, and plant development, particularly in crops with physiological disorders.
Specialty Plant Nutrition: Marketing and Customers
In 2023, we sold our specialty plant nutrients in approximately 93 countries and to more than 1,100 customers. One of our customers represented more than 10% of our specialty plant nutrition revenues during 2023, accounting for approximately 12.6% of specialty plant nutrition revenue. Our ten largest customers accounted in the aggregate for approximately 39% of revenues during that period. No supplier accounted for more than 10% of the costs of sales for this business line.
The table below shows the geographical breakdown of our revenues:
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| Revenues breakdown |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| North America |
|
45 |
% |
|
42 |
% |
|
35 |
% |
| Europe |
|
14 |
% |
|
17 |
% |
|
20 |
% |
| Chile |
|
12 |
% |
|
11 |
% |
|
15 |
% |
| Central and South America (excluding Chile) |
|
8 |
% |
|
11 |
% |
|
10 |
% |
| Asia and Others |
|
21 |
% |
|
20 |
% |
|
21 |
% |
We sell our specialty plant nutrition products globally mainly through our own worldwide network of commercial offices and distributors.
During 2023 we continued with the growth in sales of differentiated fertilizers such as Ultrasoline® for improved root growth and optimal nitrogen metabolism, ProP® for greater efficiency in phosphorus absorption, Prohydric® which allows for fertilization and more efficient water use.
We maintain inventory of our specialty plant nutrients in our commercial offices in our main markets in order to facilitate prompt deliveries to customers. Sales are made pursuant to spot purchase orders or short-term contracts.
As part of our marketing strategy, we provide technical and agronomical assistance to our clients. We have specific knowledge resulting from extensive research and numerous studies conducted by our agronomical teams in close contact with producers throughout the world. The solid agronomical knowledge is key for the development of specific formulas and hydroponic and fertigation nutritional plans, which allows us to provide expert advice.
By working closely with our customers, we are able to identify their needs for new products and a possible existence of higher-value markets. Our specialty plant nutrients are used on a wide variety of crops, particularly value-added crops, where the use of our products enables our customers to increase yields and quality to achieve a premium price for their products.
Our customers are located in diverse latitudes. Consequently, we do not believe there are any seasonal or cyclical factors that can materially affect the sales of our specialty plant nutrients.
Specialty Plant Nutrition: Competition
The principal means of competition in the sale of specialty nutrients are product quality, logistics, agronomic service expertise and price.
We believe that we are the world’s largest producer of potassium nitrate for agricultural use. Our potassium nitrate products compete indirectly with specialty and commodity substitutes, which may be used by some customers instead of potassium nitrate depending on the type of soil and crop to which the product will be applied.
Our sales accounted for approximately 42% of global agricultural potassium nitrate sales by volume during 2023. In the 100% soluble potassium nitrate market, our largest competitor is Haifa Chemicals Ltd. (“Haifa”), in Israel. We estimate that sales of agricultural potassium nitrate by Haifa accounted for approximately 20% of total world sales during 2023 (excluding sales by Chinese producers to the domestic Chinese market). Kemapco, a Jordanian producer owned by Arab Potash, produces potassium nitrate in a plant located close to the Port of Aqaba, Jordan. We estimate that sales of agricultural potassium nitrate by Kemapco accounted for approximately 11% of total world sales during 2023.
ACF, another Chilean producer, mainly oriented to iodine production, has produced potassium nitrate from caliche ore and potassium chloride since 2005. In addition, there are several potassium nitrate producers in China. Most of the Chinese production is consumed by the Chinese domestic market.
Iodine and its Derivatives
We believe that we are the world’s largest producer of iodine. In 2023, our revenues from iodine and iodine derivatives amounted to US$892.2 million, representing 11.9% of our total revenues in that year and an increase from US$754.3 million in 2022. This increase was primarily attributable to slightly higher sales volumes and higher average prices during 2023. Average iodine prices were approximately 15.2% higher in 2023 than in 2022. Our sales volumes increased approximately 2.7% in 2023. We estimate that our sales accounted for approximately 35% of global iodine sales by volume in 2023.
The following table shows our total sales volumes and revenues from iodine and iodine derivatives for 2023, 2022 and 2021:
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|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
Sales volumes (Th. MT) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Iodine and derivatives |
13.1 |
|
12.7 |
|
12.3 |
Total revenues (in US$millions) |
892.2 |
|
|
754.3 |
|
|
437.9 |
|
Iodine: Market
Iodine and iodine derivatives are used in a wide range of medical, agricultural and industrial applications as well as in human and animal nutrition products. Iodine and iodine derivatives are used as raw materials or catalysts in the formulation of products such as X-ray contrast media, biocides, antiseptics and disinfectants, pharmaceutical intermediates, polarizing films for LCD and LED screens, chemicals, organic compounds and pigments. Iodine is also added in the form of potassium iodate or potassium iodide to edible salt to prevent iodine deficiency disorders.
X-ray contrast media is the leading application of iodine, accounting for approximately 34% of demand. Iodine’s high atomic number and density make it ideally suited for this application, as its presence in the body can help to increase contrast between tissues, organs, and blood vessels with similar X-ray densities. Other applications include pharmaceuticals, which we believe account for 14% of demand; LCD and LED screens, 12%; iodophors and povidone-iodine, 7%; animal nutrition, 7%; fluoride derivatives, 7%; biocides, 5%; nylon, 3%; human nutrition, 3% and other applications, 8%.
In 2023, we believe that the market experienced a downturn of approximately 4% compared to the previous year. This decline can primarily be attributed to a series of key factors affecting various industries. Initially, the broader economic slowdown played a pivotal role in shaping this trend, affecting industrial production, and leading companies to adjust their stocking policies to adapt to the evolving market conditions. Following this, the introduction of new regulations emerged as another critical factor, significantly influencing the reduced demand for iodine in the fluorochemical industry.
Finally, the impact of high iodine prices marked a decisive factor, prompting two main responses: substitution, with customers migrating to alternative products, and reformulation, where product compositions were adjusted to minimize iodine content. Collectively, these elements have each played a unique role in the observed decrease in demand for iodine over the course of the year.
Conversely, the demand for X-ray contrast media emerged as a primary driver of growth in the iodine market. This increase is largely due to heightened healthcare expenditures and improved accessibility to medical services in emerging economies. The growing use of diagnostic imaging, particularly in these regions, has significantly bolstered the demand for iodine-based contrast agents, counterbalancing some of the declines seen in other sectors.
Iodine: Our Products
We produce iodine in our Nueva Victoria plant, near Iquique, Chile, Pedro de Valdivia plant and in our newest addition, Pampa Blanca mining site, both located close to María Elena, Chile. We have a total production capacity of approximately 14,300 metric tons per year of iodine.
Through Ajay SQM Group (“ASG”), we produce organic and inorganic iodine derivatives. ASG was established in the mid-1990s and has production plants in the United States, Chile and France. ASG is one of the world’s leading inorganic and organic iodine derivatives producer.
Consistent with our iodine business strategy, we are constantly working on the development of new applications for our iodine-based products, pursuing a continuing expansion of our businesses and maintaining our market leadership.
We manufacture our iodine and iodine derivatives in accordance with international quality standards and have qualified our iodine facilities and production processes under the ISO 9001:2015 program, providing third party certification of the quality management system and international quality control standards that we have implemented.
Iodine: Marketing and Customers
In 2023, we sold our iodine products in approximately 30 countries to 158 customers, and most of our sales were exports. One customer accounted for more than 10% of our iodine revenues in 2023, representing approximately 22.8% of iodine revenues. Our ten largest customers accounted in the aggregate for approximately 68% of revenues. No supplier accounted for more than 10% of the cost of sales of this business line.
The following table shows the geographical breakdown of our revenues:
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| Revenues breakdown |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| North America |
|
14 |
% |
|
19 |
% |
|
23 |
% |
| Europe |
|
41 |
% |
|
38 |
% |
|
40 |
% |
| Chile |
|
0 |
% |
|
0 |
% |
|
0 |
% |
| Central and South America (excluding Chile) |
|
2 |
% |
|
2 |
% |
|
2 |
% |
| Asia and Others |
|
42 |
% |
|
41 |
% |
|
34 |
% |
We sell iodine through our own worldwide network of representative offices and through our sales, support and distribution affiliates. We maintain inventories of iodine at our facilities throughout the world to facilitate prompt delivery to customers. Iodine sales are made pursuant to spot purchase orders or within the framework of supply agreements. Supply agreements generally specify annual minimum and maximum purchase commitments, and prices are adjusted periodically, according to prevailing market prices.
Iodine: Competition
The world’s main iodine producers are based in Chile, Japan and the United States. Iodine is also produced in Russia, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Indonesia and China.
Iodine is produced in Chile from a unique mineral known as caliche ore, whereas in Japan, the United States, Russia, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, and Indonesia, producers extract iodine from underground brines that are mainly obtained together with the extraction of natural gas and petroleum. In China, iodine is extracted from seaweed.
Five Chilean companies accounted for approximately 57% of total global sales of iodine in 2023, including SQM, with approximately 35%, and four other producers accounting for the remaining 22%. The other Chilean producers are Atacama Chemical S.A.C. (Cosayach), controlled by the Chilean holding company Inverraz S.A.; ACF Minera S.A., owned by the Chilean Urruticoechea family; Algorta Norte S.A., a joint venture between ACF Minera S.A. and Toyota Tsusho; and Atacama Minerals, which is owned by Chinese company Tewoo.
We estimate that eight Japanese iodine producers accounted for approximately 27% of global iodine sales in 2023, including recycled iodine.
We estimate that iodine producers in the United States accounted for nearly 5% of world iodine sales in 2023.
Iodine recycling is a growing trend worldwide. Several producers have recycling facilities where they recover iodine and iodine derivatives from iodine waste streams.
We estimate the 17% of the iodine supply comes from iodine recycling. Through ASG or alone, we are also actively participating in the iodine recycling business using iodinated side-streams from a variety of chemical processes in Europe and the United States.
The prices of iodine and iodine derivative products are determined by market conditions. World iodine prices vary depending upon, among other things, the relationship between supply and demand at any given time. Iodine supply varies primarily as a result of the production levels of the iodine producers (including us) and their respective business strategies.
Our annual average iodine sales prices increased to approximately US$68 per kilogram in 2023, from the average sales prices of approximately US$59 per kilogram observed in 2022.
Demand for iodine varies depending upon overall levels of economic activity and the level of demand in the medical, pharmaceutical, industrial and other sectors that are the main users of iodine and iodine-derivative products. Certain substitutes for iodine are available for certain applications, such as antiseptics and disinfectants, which could represent a cost-effective alternative to iodine depending on prevailing prices.
The main factors of competition in the sale of iodine and iodine derivative products are reliability, price, quality, customer service and the price and availability of substitutes. We believe we have competitive advantages compared to other producers due to the size and quality of our mining reserves and the available production capacity. We believe our iodine is competitive with that produced by other manufacturers in certain advanced industrial processes. We also believe we benefit competitively from the long-term relationships we have established with our largest customers.
Lithium and its Derivatives
In 2023, our revenues from lithium sales amounted to US$5,180.1 million, representing 69.4% of our total revenues and a 36.5% decrease from US$8,152.9 million in 2022, due to lower average prices partially offset by higher sales volumes during the year. The average price for 2023 was approximately 41.4% lower than the average price in 2022. Our sales volumes increased approximately 8.4% in 2023.
We believe we are one of the world’s largest producers of lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide, and we estimate that our sales volumes accounted for approximately 18% of the global lithium chemicals sales volumes.
The following table shows our total sales volumes and revenues from lithium carbonate and its derivatives for 2023, 2022 and 2021:
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|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
Sales volumes (Th. MT) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Lithium and derivatives |
170.0 |
|
156.8 |
|
101.1 |
Total revenues (in US$millions) |
5,180.1 |
|
|
8,152.9 |
|
|
936.1 |
|
Lithium: Market
The lithium market can be divided into (i) lithium minerals for direct use (a market in which SQM does not participate directly), (ii) basic lithium chemicals, which include lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide (as well as lithium chloride, from which lithium carbonate may be made), and (iii) inorganic and organic lithium derivatives, which include numerous compounds produced from basic lithium chemicals (a market in which SQM does not participate directly).
Lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide are principally used to produce the cathodes for rechargeable batteries, taking advantage of lithium’s extreme electrochemical potential and low density. Batteries are the leading application for lithium, accounting for approximately 90% of total lithium demand, including batteries for electric vehicles, which accounted for approximately 70% of total lithium demand in 2023.
There are many other applications both for basic lithium chemicals and lithium derivatives, such as lubricating greases heat-resistant glass (ceramic glass), chips for the ceramics and glaze industry, chemicals for air conditioning, as well as other pharmaceutical synthesis and metal alloys.
Lithium’s main properties, which facilitate its use in this range of applications, are that it:
•is the lightest solid metal and element at room temperature;
•is low density;
•has a low coefficient of thermal expansion;
•has high electrochemical potential; and
•has a high specific heat capacity.
During 2023, lithium chemicals demand increased by approximately 18%, reaching approximately 920,000 metric tons. We expect applications related to energy storage to continue driving demand in the coming years.
Lithium: Our Products
We produce lithium carbonate at our Lithium Chemical production facility, near Antofagasta, Chile, from highly concentrated lithium chloride produced in the Salar de Atacama. The annual production capacity of our lithium carbonate plant at our Lithium Chemical production facility is now 200,000 metric tons per year. We are in the process of increasing our production capacity to 210,000 metric tons per year by the end of 2024. We believe that the technologies we use, together with the high concentrations of lithium and the characteristics of the Salar de Atacama, such as high evaporation rate and concentration of other minerals, allow us to be one of the lowest cost producers of lithium worldwide.
We also produce lithium hydroxide at our Lithium Chemical production facility, next to the lithium carbonate operation. The lithium hydroxide facility has a production capacity of 30,000 metric tons per year and we are in the process of increasing this production capacity to 100,000 metric tons per year by 2025. In addition, during 2023, we started production of lithium hydroxide from lithium sulfate at our lithium hydroxide refining facility in China. This facility has a design capacity of 20,000 metric tons per year. We are also developing the Mt. Holland lithium project in Australia through our joint venture with Wesfarmers, which we expect will have a total production capacity of 50,000 metric tons when completed.
Lithium: Marketing and Customers
In 2023, we sold our lithium products in 39 countries to approximately 207 customers, and most of our sales were to customers outside of Chile. During 2023, 92% of our sales of lithium were in Asia. Two customers accounted each for more than 10% of lithium revenues, representing approximately 21.8% of our lithium revenue in 2023. Our ten largest customers accounted in the aggregate for approximately 67% of revenues. One supplier, Corfo, accounted for approximately 62% of the cost of sales of this business line, principally related to the lease payments payable to Corfo under the Corfo Agreements for lithium products produced from the Salar de Atacama. We make lease payments to Corfo which are associated with the sale of different products produced in the Salar de Atacama, including lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and potassium chloride.
See Note 21.2 to our consolidated financial statements for the disclosure of lease payments made to Corfo for all periods presented.
The following table shows the geographical breakdown of our revenues:
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| Revenues breakdown |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| North America |
|
3 |
% |
|
2 |
% |
|
5 |
% |
| Europe |
|
5 |
% |
|
5 |
% |
|
8 |
% |
| Chile |
|
0 |
% |
|
0 |
% |
|
0 |
% |
| Central and South America (excluding Chile) |
|
0 |
% |
|
0 |
% |
|
1 |
% |
| Asia and Others |
|
92 |
% |
|
93 |
% |
|
86 |
% |
We sell lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide through our own worldwide network of representative offices and through our sales, support and distribution affiliates. We maintain inventories of these products at our facilities throughout the world to facilitate prompt delivery to customers. Sales of lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide are made based on spot purchase orders or through different supply contracts. The contracts generally specify minimum and maximum annual sales volumes commitments while prices are adjusted periodically based on different price indices established in the market.
Lithium: Competition
Lithium is produced mainly from two sources: (i) concentrated brines and (ii) minerals. During 2023, the main lithium brines producers were Chile, Argentina and China, while the main lithium mineral producers were Australia and China. Other relevant regions for lithium production were Brazil and Zimbabwe. With total sales of approximately 170,000 metric tons of lithium carbonate and hydroxide, we believe our market share of lithium chemicals was approximately 18% in 2023. The main competitors in the lithium market with their estimated market share are: Albemarle (17%), Jiangxi Ganfeng Lithium Co (8%), Tianqi Lithium Corp. (7%) and Arcadium Lithium (4%).
Tianqi is also a major shareholder of ours, holding approximately 22.16% of our shares as of March 1, 2024.
We believe that lithium production will continue to increase this decade, in response to an increase in demand growth. A number of new projects to develop lithium deposits has been announced recently. Some of these projects are already in the advanced stages of development and others could materialize in the medium term.
Potassium
In 2023, our potassium chloride and potassium sulfate revenues amounted to US$279.1 million, representing 3.7% of our total revenues and a 36.2% decrease compared to 2022, due to significantly lower prices partially offset by higher sales volumes during the year. The average price for 2023 was approximately 43.5% lower than the average prices in 2022. Our sales volumes in 2023 were approximately 13.0% higher than sales volumes reported during 2022.
The following table shows our sales volumes of and revenues from potassium chloride and potassium sulfate for 2023, 2022 and 2021:
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|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
Sales volumes (Th. MT) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate |
543.1 |
|
480.5 |
|
893.2 |
Total revenues (in US$millions) |
279.1 |
|
|
437.2 |
|
|
416.6 |
|
Potassium: Market
During the last decade, growth in demand for potassium chloride, and for fertilizers in general, has been driven by several key factors, such as a growing world population, higher demand for protein-based diets and less arable land. All of these factors contribute to fertilizer demand growth as a result of efforts to maximize crop yields and use resources more efficiently.
We estimate that demand in 2023 reached approximately 66 million metric tons, an increase from approximately 60 million tons during 2022, mostly as a result of lower prices and increased availability of potassium supply, mainly coming from Belarus.
According to studies prepared by the International Fertilizer Industry Association, cereals account for approximately 45% of world potassium demand, including corn (14%), rice (12%), wheat (16%), soybeans (9%) and sugar (2%). Other uses represent about 47%.
Potassium: Our Product
We produce potassium chloride by extracting brines from the Salar de Atacama that are rich in potassium and other salts.
Potassium chloride is the most commonly used and lowest cost potassium-based fertilizer for application to different crops. We offer potassium chloride in two grades: standard and compacted. Potassium is one of the three macronutrients that a plant needs to develop. It is used to fertilize crops that can tolerate relatively high levels of chloride, and to fertilize crops that are grown under conditions with sufficient rainfall or irrigation practices that prevent chloride from accumulating to excess levels in the rooting systems of the plant.
Some benefits that may be obtained through the use of potassium are:
•increased yield and quality;
•increased production of proteins;
•increased photosynthesis;
•intensified transport and storage of assimilates; and
•improved water efficiency.
Potassium chloride is also used as a raw material to produce potassium nitrate and other specialty nutrients granulated blends (NPK).
Since 2009, our effective end product capacity has increased to over 2 million metric tons per year, giving us improved flexibility and market coverage.
Potassium: Marketing and Customers
In 2023, we sold potassium chloride and potassium sulfate to approximately 519 customers in 36 countries. None of the customers accounted for more than 10% of our revenues of potassium chloride in 2023. We estimate that our ten largest customers accounted in the aggregate for approximately 43% of such revenues. No supplier accounted for more than 10% of the cost of sales of this business line. We make lease payments to Corfo which are associated with the sale of different products produced in the Salar de Atacama, including lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and potassium chloride. See Note 21.2 to our consolidated financial statements for the disclosure of lease payments made to Corfo for all periods presented.
The following table shows the geographical breakdown of our revenues:
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| Revenues breakdown |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| North America |
|
24 |
% |
|
16 |
% |
|
14 |
% |
| Europe |
|
11 |
% |
|
6 |
% |
|
8 |
% |
| Chile |
|
11 |
% |
|
15 |
% |
|
12 |
% |
| Central and South America (excluding Chile) |
|
34 |
% |
|
41 |
% |
|
51 |
% |
| Asia and Others |
|
20 |
% |
|
22 |
% |
|
14 |
% |
Potassium: Competition
We estimate that we accounted for approximately 1% of global sales of potassium chloride in 2023. Our main competitors are Nutrien, Uralkali, Belaruskali and Mosaic. We estimate that in 2023, Nutrien accounted for approximately 21% of global sales, Uralkali accounted for approximately 15% of global sales, Mosaic accounted for approximately 13% of global sales and Belaruskali accounted for approximately 10% of global sales.
Industrial Chemicals
In 2023, our revenues from industrial chemicals were US$175.2 million, representing approximately 2.3% of our total revenues for that year and a 6.1% increase from US$165.2 million in 2022, as a result of higher sales volumes in this business line, which offset lower sales prices. Sales volumes in 2023 increased 22.8% compared to sales volumes reported last year, while average prices in the business line decreased 13.6% during 2023 compared to average prices reported during 2022.
The following table shows our sales volumes of industrial chemicals and total revenues for 2023, 2022 and 2021:
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|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
Sales volumes (Th. MT) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Industrial chemicals |
180.4 |
|
147.0 |
|
174.5 |
Total revenues (in US$millions) |
175.2 |
|
|
165.2 |
|
|
132.0 |
|
Industrial Chemicals: Market
Industrial sodium and potassium nitrates are used in a wide range of industrial applications, including the production of glass, ceramics and explosives, metal recycling, insulation materials, metal treatments, thermal solar and various chemical processes.
We are also experiencing a growing interest in using solar salts in thermal storage solutions not related to CSP technology. Due to their proven performance, solar salts are being tested in industrial heat processes and heat waste solutions. These new applications may open new opportunities for solar salts uses in the near future, such as retrofitting coal plants.
Industrial Chemicals: Our Products
We produce and sell three industrial chemicals: sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride. Sodium nitrate is used primarily in the production of glass, explosives, metal treatment, metal recycling and the production of insulation materials, adhesives, among other uses. Potassium nitrate is used in the manufacturing of specialty glass, and it is also an important raw material for the production of frits for the ceramics, enamel industries, metal treatment and pyrotechnics. Solar salts, a combination of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate, are used as a thermal storage medium in concentrated solar power plants. Potassium chloride is a basic chemical used to produce potassium hydroxide, and it is also used as an additive in oil drilling and in food processing, among other uses.
In addition to producing sodium and potassium nitrate for agricultural applications, we produce different grades of these products, including prilled grades, for industrial applications. The grades differ mainly in their chemical purity. We have operational flexibility in producing industrial grade nitrates, because they are produced from the same process as their equivalent agricultural grades, needing only an additional step of purification. We may, with certain constraints, shift production from one grade to the other in response to market conditions. This flexibility allows us to maximize yields and to reduce commercial risk. In addition to producing industrial nitrates, we produce, market and sell industrial-grade potassium chloride.
Industrial Chemicals: Marketing and Customers
In 2023, we sold our industrial nitrate products in 52 countries, to approximately 297 customers. One customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenues of industrial chemicals in 2023, accounting for approximately 40.5%, and our ten largest customers accounted in the aggregate for approximately 61% of such revenues. No supplier accounted for more than 10% of the cost of sales of this business line. We make lease payments to Corfo which are associated with the sale of different products produced in the Salar de Atacama, including lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and potassium chloride. See Note 21.2 to our consolidated financial statements for the disclosure of lease payments made to Corfo for all periods presented.
The following table shows the geographical breakdown of our revenues:
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|
| Revenues breakdown |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| North America |
|
27 |
% |
|
36 |
% |
|
23 |
% |
| Europe |
|
12 |
% |
|
17 |
% |
|
14 |
% |
| Chile |
|
1 |
% |
|
1 |
% |
|
3 |
% |
| Central and South America (excluding Chile) |
|
6 |
% |
|
7 |
% |
|
6 |
% |
| Asia and Others |
|
54 |
% |
|
39 |
% |
|
55 |
% |
Our industrial chemical products are marketed mainly through our own network of offices, logistic platforms, representatives and distributors. We maintain updated inventories of our stocks of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, classified according to graduation, to facilitate prompt dispatch from our warehouses. We provide support to our customers and continuously work with them to improve our service and quality, together with developing new products and applications for our products.
Industrial Chemicals: Competition
We believe that we are one of the world’s largest producers of industrial sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate. In 2023, our estimated market share by volume for industrial potassium nitrate was 62% and for industrial sodium nitrate was 44% (excluding domestic demand in China and India).
Our competitors in sodium nitrate are mainly based in Europe and Asia, producing sodium nitrate as a by-product of other production processes. In sodium nitrate, BASF AG, a German corporation, and several producers in Eastern Europe and China are competitive since they produce industrial sodium nitrate as a by-product. Our industrial sodium nitrate grades also compete indirectly with substitute chemicals, including sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, which may be used in certain applications in place of sodium nitrate and are available from a large number of producers worldwide.
Our main competitors in the industrial potassium nitrate business are Haifa Chemicals, Kemapco and some Chinese producers, which we estimate had a market share of 8%, 4% and 7%, respectively, in 2023.
Producers of industrial sodium nitrate and industrial potassium nitrate compete in the marketplace based on attributes such as product quality, delivery reliability, price, and customer service. Our operation offers both products at high quality and with low cost.
In the industrial potassium chloride market, we are a relatively small producer, mainly focused on supplying regional needs.
Other Products
SQM also derives revenue from the commercialization of third-party fertilizers (specialty and commodity). These fertilizers are traded in large volumes worldwide and are used as raw material for our specialty mixes or to complement our product portfolio. We have developed commercial management, supply, flexibility and inventory management capabilities that allow us to adapt to the changing fertilizer market in which we operate and obtain profits from these transactions.
Production Process
Our integrated production process can be classified according to our natural resources:
•caliche ore deposits, which contain nitrates, iodine and potassium;
•brines from the Salar de Atacama, which contain potassium, lithium, sulfate, boron and magnesium; and
•spodumene deposits from the Mt. Holland project in Western Australia, which contain lithium.
Caliche Ore Deposits
Caliche ore deposits are located in the First and Second Regions in northern Chile. During 2023, our mining operations were concentrated in the First Region where we mainly worked in the mining sectors Tente en el Aire, Victoria Oeste, Hermosa and Torcaza, and in the Second Region at the Pampa Blanca site.
Operations at the El Toco mine (which is part of the Maria Elena site) and the Pedro de Valdivia site were suspended in November 2013 and November 2015, respectively, in an effort to optimize our production facilities with lower production costs.
Caliche ore is found under a layer of barren overburden in seams with variable thickness from one to four meters, and with the overburden varying in thickness between zero and two meters.
Before proper mining begins, the exploration stage is carried out, including complete geological reconnaissance, sampling and drilling caliche ore to determine the quality and characteristics of each deposit. Treatability tests are performed at a pilot plant. Drill-hole samples are properly identified and tested at our chemical laboratories. With the exploration information on a closed grid pattern of drill holes, the ore evaluation stage provides information for mine planning purposes. Mine planning is done on a long-term basis (ten years), medium-term basis (three to five years) and short-term basis (one year). Once all of this information has been compiled, detailed planning for the exploitation of the mine takes place.
The mining process generally begins with bulldozers first removing the overburden in the mining area. This process is followed by an inspection and review of the drill holes before production drilling and blasting occurs to break the caliche seams. The ore is loaded onto off-road trucks, which take it to the leaching heaps to be processed.
During 2023, SQM implemented five continuous mining equipment systems to replace the drilling and blasting process for mining some of the caliche ore and obtaining a smaller ore size (under 6 ½ inches) that allows a better metallurgical recovery.
The run of mine ore is loaded in heaps and leached with water to produce concentrated solutions containing iodine, nitrate and potassium. These solutions are treated at our iodide plants where iodine is extracted through both solvent-extraction and blow out processes. The remaining solutions, which are rich in nitrates and potassium, are subsequently sent to solar evaporation ponds where the solutions are evaporated and after iodide is obtained, nitrate and potassium salts are produced. These concentrated salts are then sent to Coya Sur where they are used to produce potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate.
Caliche Ore-Derived Products
Caliche ore-derived products are sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium potassium nitrate and iodine.
Sodium Nitrate
During 2023, sodium nitrate for both agricultural and industrial applications was produced from nitrate salts from our mining operations at Sur Viejo and fed to our new crystallization plant located in Coya Sur. Crystallized sodium nitrate is processed at the Coya Sur production plants to produce sodium nitrate and sodium potassium nitrate in different chemical and physical forms, including crystallized and prilled products. Finally, the products are transported by truck to our port facilities in Tocopilla for shipping to customers and distributors worldwide.
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium nitrate is produced at our Coya Sur facility using a production process developed in-house. The brines generated by the leaching process at Pedro de Valdivia are pumped to Coya Sur’s solar evaporation ponds for a nitrate concentration process. After the nitrate concentration process, the brine is pumped to a conversion plant where potassium salts from the Salar de Atacama and nitrate and potassium salts produced at Nueva Victoria or Coya Sur are added. A chemical reaction begins, transforming sodium nitrate into potassium nitrate and creating formed sodium chloride as a by-product. Depending on the specifications of the required product, it is subjected to an adiabatic or atmospheric cooling process to obtain the required quality.
Our current potassium nitrate production capacity at Coya Sur is approximately 1,300,000 metric tons per year.
The potassium nitrate produced at Coya Sur is transported to Tocopilla for shipping and delivery to customers and distributors. All potassium nitrate produced in crystallized or prilled form at Coya Sur has been certified by TÜV-Rheinland under the quality standard ISO 9001:2015. Additionally, the Coya Sur and Nueva Victoria leaching sites achieved certification by TÜV-Rheinland in 2023 under the ISO 50001:2015 quality standard (certification of energy management systems), and in Coya Sur, we are advancing in the phase two of the external audit to certify our potassium nitrate, sodium nitrates and soluble fertilizers production.
Iodine and Iodine Derivatives
During 2023, we produced iodine at our facilities at Nueva Victoria, Pedro de Valdivia and Pampa Blanca (iodide solutions). Iodine is extracted from solutions produced by leaching caliche ore.
As in the case of nitrates, the process of extracting iodine from the caliche ore is well established, but variations in the iodine and other chemical contents of the treated ore and other operating parameters require a high level of know-how to manage the process effectively and efficiently.
The solutions resulting from the leaching of caliche ore carry iodine in iodate form. Part of the iodate solution is reduced to iodide using sulfur dioxide, which is produced by burning sulfur. The resulting iodide is combined with the rest of the untreated iodate solution to release elemental iodine in low concentrations. The iodine is then extracted from the aqueous solutions and concentrated in iodide form using a solvent extraction and stripping plant in the Pedro de Valdivia and Nueva Victoria facilities and using a blow out plant in the Iris facility. The concentrated iodide is oxidized to metallic iodine, which is then refined through a smelting process and prilled. We have obtained patents in the United States and Chile (Chilean patent number 47,080) for our iodine prilling process.
Prilled iodine is tested for quality control purposes, using international standard procedures. It is then packed in 20 to 50-kilogram drums or 350-to-700-kilogram maxi bags and transported by truck to Antofagasta, Mejillones, or Iquique for export. Our iodine and iodine derivatives production facilities have been certified by TÜV-Rheinland under the ISO 9001:2015 program, providing third-party certification of our quality management system. The last recertification process was approved in November 2020, valid through 2023.
Our total iodine production in 2023 was 13,820 metric tons predominately from our Nueva Victoria facility. We have the flexibility to adjust our production according to market conditions. Our total current production capacity at our iodine production plants is approximately 14,300 metric tons per year.
During 2023, two environmental approvals were obtained: (1) partial modification of the reinjection system in the Llamara puquios and (2) DIA Adaptation of the seawater pipeline layout and complementary works in Nueva Victoria (seawater pipeline layout at Tente en el Aire).
In November 2021, the Tarapacá Environmental Assessment Commission environmentally authorized the Tente en el Aire project, which allows the productive capacities of the Nueva Victoria facility to be increased, incorporating seawater for its processes. This project expects to incorporate the use of up to 900 liters per second of seawater, increasing the mine area and allowing for increased production of iodine and nitrate salts. The seawater pipeline is planned to enter into operation by the end of 2026. Together with the Tente en el Aire project, construction began on a new iodide module located in the Tente en el Aire sector with an expected capacity equivalent to 5,500 metric tons of iodine per year. This new module will feed the Nueva Victoria iodine plant and is expected to enter into operation by the end of 2024.
We use a portion of the iodine we produce to manufacture inorganic iodine derivatives, which are intermediate products used for manufacturing agricultural and nutritional applications, at facilities located near Santiago, Chile. We also produce inorganic and organic iodine derivative products together with Ajay, which purchases iodine from us. In the past, we have primarily sold our iodine derivative products in South America, Africa and Asia, while Ajay and its affiliates have primarily sold their iodine derivative products in North America and Europe.
Salar de Atacama Brine Deposits
The Salar de Atacama, located approximately 210 kilometers east of Antofagasta, is a salt-encrusted depression in the Atacama Desert, within which lies an underground deposit of brines contained in porous sodium chloride rock fed by an underground inflow from the Andes mountains, which is the result of millions of years of climatic and tectonic impacts. Brines are pumped from depths of 15 to 150 meters below the surface, through a field of wells that are located in the Salar de Atacama, distributed in areas authorized for exploitation, and which contain relatively high concentrations of potassium, lithium, sulfates and other minerals.
The brines are estimated to cover a surface of approximately 2,800 square kilometers and contain commercially exploitable deposits of potassium, lithium, sulfates and boron. Concentrations vary at different locations throughout the Salar de Atacama. Our mining exploitation rights to the Salar de Atacama are pursuant to the Corfo Agreements, which expire in 2030. The Corfo Agreements, as amended in January 2018, permits the CCHEN to establish a total accumulated production and sales limit of up to 349,553 metric tons of lithium metallic equivalent (1,860,671 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent), which is in addition to the approximately 64,816 metric tons of lithium metallic equivalent (345,015 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent) then remaining from the originally authorized amount. See “Item 10.C. Material Contracts – Corfo Agreements.”
For the year ended December 31, 2023, revenues related to products originating from the Salar de Atacama represented 73% of our consolidated revenues, consisting of revenues from our potassium business line and our lithium and derivatives business line for the period. All of our products originating from the Salar de Atacama are derived from our extraction operations under the Corfo Agreements. As of December 31, 2023, only seven years remain on the term of the Corfo Agreements.
Under the Chilean National Lithium Strategy announced in April 2023, the Chilean government, through Codelco, intends to participate in the lithium-related activities in the Salar de Atacama. On December 27, 2023, SQM and Codelco signed a non-binding MOU, which, among other matters, established a framework for the terms and conditions of the definitive agreements for a joint venture through which SQM’s subsidiary, SQM Salar, may continue to exploit mineral resources in the Salar de Atacama until 2060. Corfo has granted to Codelco’s subsidiary, Minera Tarar, the rights to exploit the Salar de Atacama from 2031 to 2060, which will be contributed to the joint venture. If the parties are unable to agree on definitive agreements for the proposed joint venture, either the Chilean government or SQM could allow the Corfo Agreements to expire in 2030 in accordance with their terms. See “Risk Factors ― The new National Lithium Strategy announced by the Chilean government in April 2023 has created and may continue to create uncertainty in the Chilean lithium industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our business performance or the value of our shares and ADSs.”
Products Derived from the Salar de Atacama Brines
The variety of products that may be derived from the Salar de Atacama brines includes potassium chloride, potassium salts, lithium chloride solutions, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium salts, potassium sulfate, boric acid, sodium chloride and bischofite (magnesium chloride).
In order to produce these products, brines from the Salar de Atacama are pumped to solar evaporation ponds. Evaporation of the water contained in the brine in a sequential process of precipitation and evaporation, results in potassium-enriched salts and lithium-concentrated brines. In the first stages of the evaporation process, sodium chloride salts (halite) precipitate followed by potassium chloride salts together with sodium chloride (sylvinite), which are used to produce fertilizer products. The brine that remains in the evaporation pond system continues its concentration, producing additional products of interest, such as lithium sulfate salts and a concentrated lithium chloride solution, which are used to produce lithium sulfate concentrate and lithium carbonate, respectively.
Lithium Chloride Solution and Lithium Carbonate
The concentrated lithium chloride solution obtained during the evaporation process contains approximately 5-6% of lithium. The solution is then transported by truck to the Lithium chemical production facility located near Antofagasta, approximately 190 kilometers southeast of the Salar de Atacama. At this plant, the solution is further purified and treated with sodium carbonate to produce lithium carbonate, which is dried and then, if necessary, compacted and finally packaged for shipment to customers.
The production capacity of our lithium carbonate facility at the end of 2023 was 200,000 metric tons per year.
Future production will depend on the actual volumes and quality of the lithium solutions sent by the Salar de Atacama operations, as well as prevailing market conditions. Our future production will also be subject to the extraction limit described in the Corfo Agreements mentioned above. See “—Salar de Atacama Brine Deposits” and “Item 8.A.7 Legal Proceedings.”
Our lithium carbonate production quality assurance program has been certified by TÜV-Rheinland under ISO 9001:2015 since September 2018.
Lithium Sulfate
During the brine concentration process and if the chemistries are favorable, it is possible to obtain lithium sulfate as an additional raw material. This salt precipitates mainly in the potassium carnallite and bischofite stages.
After being harvested, lithium sulfate is treated in the MOP H II plant through grinding, flotation and filtration processes resulting in wet lithium sulfate as an intermediate product. In addition, a high potassium content in the resulting waste product, when treated in the adjacent SOP-H plant, allows us to obtain additional potassium chloride as a by-product.
The wet lithium sulfate is then treated in the SOP plant producing dry lithium sulfate as a finished product which is currently being sent to our refinery in China to be converted into lithium hydroxide.
Lithium Hydroxide (from Lithium Carbonate)
Lithium carbonate is sold to customers, and we also use it as a raw material for our lithium hydroxide production, which started operations at the end of 2005. We currently have three lithium hydroxide plants in Chile, one of which entered into operations at the end of March 2022, and have a total production capacity of 30,000 metric tons per year at the end of 2023. These plants are located at the Lithium Chemical production facility, adjacent to our lithium carbonate operations.
In the production process, lithium carbonate is reacted with a lime solution to produce lithium hydroxide brine and calcium carbonate salt. The calcium carbonate salt is removed from the process by filtration and the lithium hydroxide brine is stored in ponds. The brine is then evaporated in a multi-effect evaporator and crystallized to produce lithium hydroxide which is then dried and packaged for shipment to customers.
Our lithium hydroxide production quality assurance program has been certified by TÜV-Rheinland under ISO 9001:2015 since September 2018.
Lithium Hydroxide (from Lithium Sulfate)
Our lithium hydroxide operations in China began at the beginning of 2023, with a design annual capacity of 20,000 metric tons. The production of lithium hydroxide monohydrate from lithium sulfate begins with a purification stage of the raw material for its subsequent transformation to lithium carbonate, which is subsequently converted into high-purity lithium hydroxide through crystallization, drying, cooling and packaging stages. Impurities from the process are eliminated in a form of mixed salts, avoiding liquid waste in the plant. Sodium sulfate is generated as a by-product, which is dried and packaged for sale.
Potassium Chloride
We use potassium chloride derived from the Salar de Atacama brines in the production of potassium nitrate. Production of our own supplies of potassium chloride provides us with substantial raw material cost savings. We also sell potassium chloride to third parties, primarily as a commodity fertilizer.
To produce potassium chloride, brines from the Salar de Atacama are sent to the first evaporation stage, where sodium chloride salts (halite) precipitate, are then harvested and removed. These salts have the potential to be used in the copper mining process. In the second stage of the evaporation process, the remaining brine from the first stage is transferred to other evaporation ponds where potassium chloride salts together with sodium chloride (sylvinite) precipitate. These salts are harvested and then sent for treatment at one of the wet potassium chloride plants where potassium chloride is separated by a grinding, flotation, and filtering process. In the final evaporation stage, salts containing magnesium are harvested and treated at one of the cold leach plants where magnesium is removed. Part of the potassium chloride is transported approximately 300 kilometers to our Coya Sur facilities via a dedicated truck transport system, where it is used in the production of potassium nitrate. The use of potassium chloride salts as a raw material in Coya Sur allows us to capture significant savings, as it allows us to use potassium salts with different qualities and to avoid buying and importing potassium chloride from external sources.
The remainder of the potassium chloride produced at the Salar de Atacama is shipped to our port in Tocopilla in either crystallized (standard) or granular (compacted) form and then shipped and sold as a commodity fertilizer to third parties. All of our potassium chloride-related plants in the Salar de Atacama currently have a nominal production capacity of up to 2.6 million metric tons per year.
Actual production capacity depends on volume, quality and performance of the salts used in the process and quality of the brine resources pumped from the Salar de Atacama.
Mt. Holland Spodumene Deposits
The Mt. Holland project is an integrated lithium project in Western Australia consisting of (i) an open-pit mine on the Earl Grey hard rock lithium deposit and a spodumene concentrator comprised of Dense Media Separation ("DMS") and flotation circuits, 120 kilometers southeast of Southern Cross, and (ii) a lithium hydroxide (LiOH) refinery, located in the town of Kwinana, 26.5 kilometers from the Port of Fremantle, from which the battery-grade LiOH product will be shipped. The concentrator at the Mt. Holland site has a nominal production capacity of 383,000 dry metric tons per annum concentrate at a grade of 5.5 per cent lithium oxide matching the refinery feed requirements. The refinery in Kwinana has the capacity to produce 50,000 metric tons per annum of lithium hydroxide.
The Mt. Holland project focuses on the extraction and beneficiation of spodumene reserves in the Earl Grey pegmatite group. The deposit consists of a main body of thick tabular pegmatites, which become progressively narrower and branch to the south and east of the main pegmatite until the main body splits into several narrower dikes. Sporadically, isolated box rock enclaves are found within the pegmatite body.
The first ore from the pit was mined in 2022, and the concentrator started its commissioning in the third quarter of 2023. First concentrate production of both the DMS and flotation circuits was achieved in the last quarter of 2023, and the first spodumene concentrate shipment is expected to occur in the first half of 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the construction of the concentrator plant was completed and the refinery was still under construction.
Products Derived from the Mt. Holland Spodumene Deposits
Spodumene Concentrate
After traditional drill and blasting, load and haul operations of the spodumene ore obtained from the open pit is sent to Run of Mine (ROM) ore pad, from which a crushing circuit is fed. The crushing circuit reduces the granulometry of the material and generates a particle size suitable for processing at the smaller scale DMS circuit of the concentrator plant. This crushing circuit also has an intermediary crushed ore stockpile. The concentrator also has a larger integrated flotation circuit for treatment of the finer portion of ore.
The spodumene concentrate is initially stockpiled in Mt. Holland and a few days later transported approximately 500 kilometers west of the deposit by truck to the coastal area of Western Australia, either to a warehouse near the port of Bunbury for direct export or to the production plant located in Kwinana.
Lithium Hydroxide
At the Kwinana refinery, the spodumene concentrate feed is calcined in a rotary kiln and afterwards treated with sulfuric acid. The sulfated calcine is transferred to the leaching and impurity removal area and leached with a process liquor. The slurry is then neutralized and filtered. The filtrate is pumped into the purification area where it is passed through a filter to remove fine entrained particles and later enters the solution causticization area where caustic soda (NaOH) is added to convert the lithium sulfate to lithium hydroxide (LiOH) plus sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). Lithium hydroxide is then crystallized, dried and finally packaged for shipment and subsequent commercialization. The production capacity of the lithium hydroxide plant is designed to take the whole concentrate production from Mt. Holland and transform it into 50,000 metric tons of lithium hydroxide per year upon completion of its construction.
Future production will depend on the actual volumes and quality of the spodumene concentrate shipped by the concentrator operation, the refinery plant performance and prevailing market conditions.
Raw Materials
The main raw material that we require in the production of nitrate and iodine is caliche ore, which is obtained from our surface mines. The main raw material in the production of potassium chloride, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and potassium sulfate is the brine extracted from our operations at the Salar de Atacama.
Other important raw materials are sodium carbonate (used for lithium carbonate production), calcium oxide, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, kerosene, sulphur, anti-caking and anti-dust agents, calcium oxide, potassium carbonate, ammonium nitrate (used for the preparation of explosives in the mining operations), woven bags for packaging our final products, electricity acquired from electric utilities companies, and liquefied natural gas and fuel oil for heat generation. Our raw material costs (excluding caliche ore and salar brines and including energy) represented approximately 27% of our cost of sales in 2023.
Since 2017, we have been connected to the central grid, which supplies electricity to the majority of cities and industries in Chile. We have several electricity supply agreements signed with major producers in Chile, which are within the contract terms. Our electricity needs are primarily covered by Power Purchase Agreements that we entered into with Empresa Eléctrica Cochrane SpA (an AES affiliate) on December 31, 2012.
For our supply of liquefied natural gas, we maintain a five-year contract with Engie, which was executed in 2019 and some annual contracts to supply possible increases in demand. In addition, we have a supply of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from Lipigas at our Lithium Chemical production facility and the Salar de Atacama.
We obtain ammonium nitrate, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, kerosene, sulphur, calcium oxide and soda ash from several large suppliers, mainly in Chile, the United States and Europe, under long-term contracts or general agreements, some of which contain provisions for annual revisions of prices, quantities and deliveries. Diesel fuel is obtained under contracts that provide fuel at international market prices.
At Mt. Holland, different reagents are added at various points in the concentrator. Ferrosilicon is added to facilitate the gravity separation in the DMS circuit, and a flotation reagent is consumed in the flotation circuit, among others. The reagents are stored at a weatherproof storage shed on site. In the refinery, sulfuric acid and caustic soda will be delivered via pipeline, and all other reagents by truck to a designated off-loading facility for storage within the refinery.
For main power supply at Mt. Holland, the substations on site were connected in January 2023 to Western Power’s 132kV grid power network (Bounty station). At the Kwinana refinery, the power is supplied from Western Power’s grid connection via the 132/22kV Kwinana Beach Power (KBP) switchyard which was commissioned in October 2023.
To support the heating in the pyrometallurgical system of the refinery, a gas pipeline between the existing ATCO natural gas network and the Kwinana refinery site boundary was connected and installed. Gas will be supplied by a local supplier. A diesel refueling facility is to be installed on site in 2024 with diesel fuel being trucked to site.
We believe that all of our contracts and agreements with third-party suppliers with respect to our main raw materials contain standard and customary commercial terms and conditions.
Water Supply
We hold water rights for the supply of surface and subterranean water near our production facilities. The main sources of water for our nitrate and iodine facilities at Pedro de Valdivia, María Elena and Coya Sur are the Loa and San Salvador rivers, which run near our production facilities. Water for our Nueva Victoria and Salar de Atacama facilities is obtained from wells near the production facilities. In addition, we buy water from third parties for our lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide production processes at our Lithium Chemical production facility, and we also purchase potable water from local utility companies.
We have proposed projects which would allow us to use seawater in the future. These seawater projects could face timing issues and uncertainty with permits which make them difficult to develop and construct.
The main source of potable water for Mt. Holland mine is a water pipeline from Goldfields pipeline (Water Corporation) which is linked at approximately 2.5 kilometers north west of the Moorine Rock townsite, and transported through a 136 kilometers below ground water pipeline. Water on site is stored in tanks, and the pipeline water tanks supply reticulated water to raw/fire water tanks, and to a central potable water treatment system for personal consumption. There are additional potable water storage tanks at the campsite. Water for the refinery will be sourced from Kwinana Water Reclamation Plant (KWRP), however during outages (i.e. during KWRP plant maintenance) the system is designed with the flexibility of changing water source via an interchangeable spool and associated controls to be able to easily source potable water supply from Water Corporation.
Government Regulations
Regulations in Chile Generally
We are subject to the full range of government regulations and supervision generally applicable to companies engaged in business in Chile, including labor laws, social security laws, public health laws, consumer protection laws, tax laws, environmental laws, free competition laws, and securities laws. These include regulations to ensure sanitary and safety conditions in manufacturing plants.
We conduct our mining operations pursuant to judicial exploration concessions and exploitation concessions, as well as concession and exploitation lease agreements, granted pursuant to applicable Chilean law. Exploitation concessions grant a perpetual right (with the exception of the Salar de Atacama rights, which have been leased to us until 2030) to conduct mining operations in the areas covered by such concessions, provided that annual concession fees are paid. Exploration concessions permit us to explore for mineral resources on the land covered thereby for a specified period, and to subsequently request a corresponding exploitation concession.
Under Law No. 16,319 that created the Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission (Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear), or “CCHEN”, we have an obligation to the CCHEN regarding the exploitation and sale of lithium from the Salar de Atacama, which prohibits the use of lithium for nuclear fusion. In addition, CCHEN has imposed quotas that limit the total tonnage of lithium authorized to be sold, along with other conditions.
We also hold water use rights granted by the respective administrative authorities and which enable us to have a supply of water from rivers or wells near our production facilities sufficient to meet our current operating requirements. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Chile—Changes to the Chilean Constitution could impact a wide range of rights, including mining rights, water rights and property rights generally, and could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.” and “—Changes in water rights laws and other regulations could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.” The Chilean Constitution, the Water Code and related regulations are subject to change, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.
We operate port facilities at Tocopilla, Chile for the shipment of products and the delivery of raw materials in conformity with maritime concessions, which have been granted by the respective administrative authorities. These concessions are normally renewable on application, provided that such facilities are used as authorized and annual concession fees are paid.
We are subject to tax regulations in Chile and in the other countries in which we operate. In 2005, Law No. 20,026, known as the “Law to Establish a Specific Tax on Mining Activity” (Ley que Establece un Impuesto Específico a la Actividad Minera) or the “Royalty Law”, established a tax to be applied to mining activities developed in Chile. In 2010, modifications were made to the Royalty Law and taxes were increased.
On February 24, 2020, Law No.21,210 the “Law to Modernize the Tax Legislation” was published. As a result of these reforms, open stock corporations, such as SQM, are subject to the general corporate tax rules. The corporate tax rate that applies to us increased to 27% in 2018.
The Chilean government may again decide to levy additional taxes on mining companies or other corporations in Chile, and such taxes could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations. For example, in 2022 Law No. 21,420 was published (later modified by Law No. 21,649 of 2023) which considerably increased the amount payable for mining exploitation and exploration patents.
We are also subject to the Chilean Labor Code and the Subcontracting Law No 20,123, which are overseen by the Labor Authority (Dirección del Trabajo), the National Geology and Mining Service (Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería) or “Sernageomin”, and the National Health Service. Recent changes to these laws and their application may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In April 2023, Law No. 21,561 was published, which established a reduction in the weekly working day from 45 to 40 hours. This reduction in working hours will imply increases in labor costs for both direct employees and subcontracted personnel. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—We are exposed to labor strikes and labor liabilities that could impact our production levels and costs.”
In addition, we are subject to Law No. 20,393, which establishes criminal liability for legal entities, for a number of crimes. This law was modified by Law No. 21,595 published in August 2023, which introduced additional crimes for which companies and company executives are responsible in Chile, including crimes for environmental impacts.
We are subject to the Securities Market Law and Law No. 18,046 on Corporations (Ley de Sociedades Anónimas) or the “Chilean Corporations Act”, which regulates corporate governance of public companies. Specifically, the Chilean Corporations Act regulates, among other things, independent director requirements, disclosure obligations to the general public and to the CMF, as well as regulations relating to the use of inside information, the independence of external auditors, and procedures for the analysis of transactions with related parties. See “Item 6.C. Board Practices” and “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions.”
Law No. 21,455, which was published in the Official Gazette on June 21, 2022, establishes a legal framework for facing the challenges derived from climate change and complying with the Chilean State’s international commitments regarding such issue. Law No. 21,455, amends the Chilean Corporations Act to require open stock corporations registered in the Securities Registry to periodically provide information to CMF in connection with the impact of their activities on the environment and climate change.
Law No. 21,521, which was published in the Official Gazette on January 4, 2023, seeks to promote competition and financial inclusion in financial services through innovation and technology. Law No. 21,521 regulates the following financial services: (i) crowdfunding platforms; (ii) alternative systems for the transaction of financial instruments or securities; (iii) credit advice; (iv) investment advice (v) custody of financial instruments; (vi) order routing, and (vii) intermediation of financial instruments. In addition, Law No. 21,521 amends the Chilean Corporations Act to increase by 2,000 (or the higher number determined by the CMF) the number of shareholders that a closed corporation must have to be required to register its shares in the Securities Registry and become an open stock corporation. Law No. 21,521 also amends the Securities Market Law to establish a simplified regime for debt securities, which will be detailed by the CMF.
There are currently no material legal or administrative proceedings pending against us except as discussed under “Item 8.A.7 Legal Proceedings”, in Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements and below under “Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations in Chile.”
Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations in Chile
Our operations in Chile are subject to both national and local regulations related to safety, health and environmental protection. In Chile, the main regulations on these matters that are applicable to us are the Mine Health and Safety Act of 1989 (Reglamento de Seguridad Minera or the “Mine Health and Safety Act”), the Health Code (Código Sanitario), the Health and Basic Conditions Act of 1999 (Reglamento sobre Condiciones Sanitarias y Ambientales Básicas en los Lugares de Trabajo or the “Health and Basic Conditions Act”), the Subcontracting Law, the Environmental Law of 1994, amended in 2010 (Ley sobre Bases Generales del Medio Ambiente) and Law No.16,744 of the Labor Code relating to workplace accidents and occupational diseases (“Law No. 16,744”).
Health and safety at work are fundamental aspects in the management of mining operations, which is why we have made constant efforts to maintain good health and safety conditions for the people working at our mining sites and facilities. In addition to the role played by us in this important matter, the Chilean government has a regulatory role, enacting and enforcing regulations in order to protect and ensure the health and safety of workers. The Chilean government, acting through the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, Ministry of Health, and the Sernageomin, performs health and safety inspections at the mining sites and oversees mining projects, among other tasks, and it has exclusive powers to enforce standards related to environmental conditions and the health and safety of the people performing activities related to mining.
The regulations set in Law No. 16,744 and the Mine Health and Safety Act protect workers and nearby communities from health and safety hazards. The Health and Basic Conditions Act along with our Internal Mining Standards (Reglamentos Internos Mineros) establish guidelines to maintain a workplace where safety and health risks are managed appropriately. We are subject to the general provisions of the Health and Basic Conditions Act, our own internal standards and the provisions of the Mine Health and Safety Act. In the event of non-compliance, the Ministry of Health and relevant regulatory bodies are entitled to use their enforcement powers to ensure compliance with the law.
In November 2011, the Ministry of Mining enacted Law No. 20,551 that regulates the closure of mining sites and facilities (Ley que Regula el Cierre de Faenas e Instalaciones Mineras). This statute became effective in November 2012 and required all mining sites to present or update their closure plans as of November 2014.
SQM has fulfilled this requirement for all of its mining sites and facilities. The main requirements of the law are related to the execution of measures to obtain the physical and chemical stability of the mining site and its facilities, as well as the protection of life, health, safety of people and the environment, along with the estimated cost to implement such plans. The mining site closure plans are approved by Sernageomin and the corresponding financial assurances are subject to approval by the CMF. In both cases, SQM has received the requisite approvals. During 2020, any required closure plans were updated and presented to Sernageomin in accordance with required deadlines. In 2021, approvals of the updates of the closure plan for Tocopilla and Pedro de Valdivia sites were renewed, while in 2022, approvals of the updates of the closure plans for the Salar de Atacama, Lithium Chemical production facility, Coya Sur, Nueva Victoria and Pampa Orcoma were received. Finally, during the year 2023, the update of the closure plans for the Pampa Blanca and María Elena sites was approved.
We continuously monitor the impact of our operations on the environment and on the health of our employees and other persons who may be affected by such operations. We have made modifications to our facilities in an effort to limit any adverse impacts. Also, over time, new environmental standards and regulations have been enacted, which have required minor adjustments or modifications of our operations. We anticipate that additional laws and regulations will be enacted over time with respect to environmental matters. There can be no assurance that future legislative or regulatory developments will not impose new restrictions on our operations. We are committed to continuously improving our environmental performance through our Environmental Management System.
Since our sustainable development plan was announced, we have participated in voluntary qualifications such as Ecovadis, international certifications such as Responsible Conduct from the Association of Chemical Industries of Chile, Protect&Sustain from the International Fertilizer Association, ISO 14001, ISO 45001 and ISO 50001, and the Standard IRMA Evaluation Audit, to promote responsible mining.
In 2021, the Port of Tocopilla was certified for Responsible Conduct, obtaining level 2 certification. Likewise, during 2022, the Nueva Victoria Site was recertified, obtaining level 1 certification. On the other hand, the Protect&Sustain certification applies to the operations of Coya Sur, Salar de Atacama, Antofagasta, Santiago and the Port of Tocopilla.
Regarding the ISO management systems, the Port of Tocopilla was certified in January 2022 in ISO 14001. We completed ISO 14001 and 45001 certification process in the Salar de Atacama and our Lithium Chemical production facility. During 2023, we completed ISO 14001 and 45001 recertification of our management systems in the Salar de Atacama and our Lithium Chemical production facility and the implementation process of ISO 50001 in the Salar de Atacama, Nueva Victoria and Coya Sur operations to support decarbonization goals associated with energy management systems. In 2023, the Port of Tocopilla was certified by EcoPorts, a leading environmental initiative for the European port sector.
In line with our sustainability goals, during 2022-2023, we continued with the IRMA evaluation process and completed the on-site evaluation audit (phase 2) in the Salar de Atacama operation. In September 2023, our lithium mining operations in the Salar de Atacama achieved IRMA 75, the highest score to date.
As a result of our participation in the DJSI assessment during 2023, we were accepted into DJSI World and Emerging Markets indices, two years ahead of our internal goal, maintained our inclusion in DJSI Mila and Chile indices, and were included into the Sustainability Yearbook 2024. We also completed the CDP evaluation for water in which we achieved a B- rating, a level higher than the world average and the chemical industry average (category C).
We have submitted and will continue to submit environmental impact assessment studies related to our projects to the governmental authorities, whenever an appropriate authorization is required in order to maintain and to increase our production capacity.
Specific regulations for mining operations in Western Australia
Our Australian operations are subject to a broad range of laws and regulations imposed by local and federal governments and regulatory bodies as applicable to companies engaged in business in Australia. Tax regulations in Australia are governed by federal laws, such as income tax and goods and services tax, and are administered by the Australian Taxation Office. Additionally, there are also some state-specific regulations for projects located in Western Australia, including labor laws, occupational health and safety laws, payroll taxes, state mining royalties (payable on product extracted and sold) and environmental laws administered by different government departments. For SQM’s Australian projects, specific laws and regulations apply both from Australian federal government as well as the state government of Western Australia.
In Australia, the government owns the land and rights to extract minerals from the land and allows parties to apply for tenure to explore or mine the land. SQM (directly or through joint ventures) has obtained the right to mining tenure from the WA government to conduct its exploration and mining operations in Australia. The Mining Act 1978 (WA) ("Mining Act of WA") and the associated Mining Regulations 1981 (WA) govern exploration and mining on land in Western Australia. Mining tenements under the Mining Act of WA include mining leases (which grant a right to conduct mining operations in the areas covered by such concessions, provided that annual concession fees are paid and expenditures are met), exploration licenses (that allow companies to explore for mineral resources on the land covered for a specified period, and to subsequently request a corresponding mining lease) and miscellaneous licenses and general purpose leases, (for ancillary mining activities such as above ground infrastructure and ground water extraction, among others). The grant of a mining tenement under the Mining Act of WA and the conditions imposed are at the discretion of the Minister for Mines and Petroleum. A right to explore usually carries the obligation of spending a specified amount of money on exploration or undertaking particular exploration activities.
SQM’s operations are subject to both state and federal environmental laws and regulations, which can involve obtaining environmental approvals and licenses in order to carry out exploration and mining operations. The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) (the "EPBC Act") is the Australian Government's central piece of environmental legislation. It provides a legal framework to protect and manage nationally and internationally important flora, fauna, ecological communities, and heritage places. Under the EPBC Act new projects may require federal government approval if it has, will have or is likely to have a significant impact on ‘matters of national environmental significance’. The Australian Government’s Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water manages the referral and assessment process under the EPBC Act.
On a state level, SQM is subject to the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) ("EPA"). Under the EPA, SQM is obliged to prevent, control and abate pollution and environmental harm and ensure the conservation and protection (as applicable) of the land subject to SQM’s tenure. If a proposal is likely to have a significant impact on the environment it should be referred to the Western Australia Environmental Protection Authority to determine whether an environmental assessment is required. The Western Australia Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety (DEMIRS) ensures the responsible development of Western Australia’s mineral, petroleum, and geothermal resources. This includes DEMIRS together with the Western Australia Department of Water and Environmental Regulation (DWER) regulating the mining industry to ensure environmental compliance and implementation of best practice environmental management in accordance with the obligations imposed by the EPA and the Mining Act of WA.
A recent update to the Western Australia Health & Safety requirements has resulted in the Work Health and Safety Act 2020 (WA), Work Health and Safety (General) Regulations 2022 (WA) and the Work Health and Safety (Mines) Regulations 2022 (WA) (collectively, "WHS Act"). The WHS Act updates the old Mines Safety and Inspection Act 1994 (WA) and corresponding regulations and now extends personal responsibilities to company Directors or person's conducting a business or undertaking ("PCBUs") to comply with work health and safety obligations. Under the WHS Act, PCBUs have a primary duty of care to ensure the health and safety of workers while they are at work (this also includes statutory positions such as site senior executives and exploration managers). The major change in the work health and safety legislation is the requirement for operating companies to have a Mine Safety Management System which includes requirements that address health monitoring, construction work, emergency management, fitness for work, risk management, training of employees and assurance activities.
In Australia there have been a number of changes to Federal employment laws with more on the horizon. These include amendments to the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) and Sex Discrimination Act (Cth) through the "Closing the Loopholes" and "Respect@Work" changes.
Relevant "Closing the Loopholes" changes include (i) prohibition on discrimination against employees who have experienced family and domestic violence, (ii) "same job same pay" changes that provide employees (or their representatives) with the ability to apply for a "regulated labour hire arrangement order" to require a labour hire provider to pay its employees no less than they would be paid under the host employer’s enterprise agreement, (iii) criminal offenses for intentional wage theft (including large fines and imprisonment) and (iv) increased rights of union delegates in the workplace.
The "Respect@Work" changes introduce an affirmative obligation on employers to eliminate (i) workplace sexual harassment, sex discrimination and sex-based harassment; (ii) conducts that amount to subjecting a person to a hostile workplace environment on the ground of sex; and (iii) certain acts of victimization. There is a particular focus on this issue in the Western Australia mining industry in light of the state Government’s "Enough is Enough: Sexual harassment against women in the FIFO mining industry" report released in September 2022.
Some of the changes have already come into effect, with others to commence throughout 2024 and early 2025. We also continue to monitor the progress of further "Closing the Loopholes" changes and the introduction of the "right to disconnect" from work, expected later this year.
The Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA) (“AH Act”) and the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) (“NTA Act”) govern obligations relating to Aboriginal heritage and native title when undertaking activities on Australian land. The AH Act protects and manages Aboriginal heritage by requiring approval for activities that may impact or cause harm to Aboriginal heritage (such as archaeological and ethnographic sites which are of significance to Aboriginal people), even if Native Title has been extinguished. The NTA Act provides a procedure under which Native Titles claims may be made in the Federal Court and regulates all actions, including the grant of mining tenements, which affect Native Title rights. Before undertaking activities on land in Western Australia, SQM is required to check for Aboriginal heritage. Under the AH Act, if an Aboriginal heritage site is identified, there is a regime for permits and approvals to disturb or destroy Aboriginal heritage sites. Under section 18 of the AH Act, the Minister can consent to a party with tenure (over the land where Aboriginal heritage has been identified) impacting on Aboriginal sites, i.e. by undertaking mining activities.
The Australian Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB), a non-statutory advisory body established in 1976, reviews foreign investment proposals and advises the Treasurer and the Government on the national interest implications of a proposal in accordance with Australia's foreign investment policy (i.e., the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (Cth)). The Australian Treasurer is responsible for making a decision on whether or not to approve foreign investment proposals. Like many countries, Australia reviews foreign investment proposals on a case-by-case basis to ensure they are not contrary to the national interest. The review framework is well-established, practical, and non-discriminatory.
International Regulations
We are subject to complex regulatory requirements in the various jurisdictions in which we operate, including the following implemented during 2023:
Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 (REACH) is the main framework for the control of chemicals in the EU. SQM acts as the main registrant of four substances: iodine, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and urea phosphate. At the end of 2022, Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/878 replaced Annex II of REACH and introduced changes to the format of safety data sheets, a key hazard communication tool. Consequently, starting in 2023, all documents issued by SQM subsidiaries in Europe have to comply with this new format.
In October 2023, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) came into effect, in a transitional phase, which introduced the notification of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions integrated into direct and indirect imports carried out in the EU. In the definitive regime, emissions must be declared along with the corresponding number of CBAM certificates which price is set based on the average weekly auction price of emission rights from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. SQM's European legal entities provided notification of the emissions associated with the production of imported products during the fourth quarter of 2023 at the beginning of 2024.
We continue our active participation as a member of the Standing Committee on Precursors of the European Commission, which monitors and assists in the implementation of Regulation (EU) 2019/1148 on the marketing and use of explosive precursors. The invoices and safety data sheets of our products covered by Regulation (EU) 2019/1148 inform of such a condition so that our European users are informed and can take the pertinent measures, as well as product safety data sheets, where applicable. During 2023, an e-learning course was implemented to train our employees in Europe which covers basic regulatory concepts on the marketing and use of explosives precursors.
In May 2023, Ecuador published Ministerial Agreement No. 145, which establishes the requirements for authorizations and permits for import, export and marketing of controlled chemical substances, including ammonium nitrate, potassium, sodium, calcium and ammonium, among other substances. Currently, our SQM Ecuador subsidiary has authorizations for the import and distribution of controlled products included in the commercial portfolio of Ecuador.
In August 2023, the Regulation of Law No. 21,349 was published in the Official Gazette of Chile, which established standards on the composition, labeling and marketing of fertilizers and biostimulants to be applied starting August 2026.
In the field of international transport, SQM actively participated through the Chilean Chemical Industry Association in the 38th and 39th meetings of the Editorial and Technical Group and the 9th meeting of the Sub-Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). IMO Maritime Safety Committee Resolution MSC.539(107) amended the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code (IMSBC Code) with the addition of new entries for potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate as Group C cargoes.
Research and Development, Patents and Licenses
See “Item 5.C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses.”
4.C.Organizational Structure
All of our principal operating subsidiaries are essentially wholly owned, except for Soquimich Comercial S.A., which is approximately 61% owned by us and whose shares are listed and traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange, and Ajay SQM Chile S.A., which is 51% owned by us. The following is a summary of our main subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023.
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| Principal subsidiaries |
Activity |
Country of
Incorporation |
SQM Beneficial
Ownership Interest
(Direct/Indirect) |
| SQM Nitrates S.A. |
Extracts and sells caliche ore to subsidiaries and affiliates of SQM |
Chile |
100 |
% |
| SQM Industrial S.A. |
Produces and markets SQM’s products directly and through other subsidiaries and affiliates of SQM |
Chile |
100 |
% |
| SQM Salar S.A. |
Exploits the Salar de Atacama to produce and market SQM’s products directly and through other subsidiaries and affiliates of SQM |
Chile |
100 |
% |
| SQM Potasios S.A. |
Produces and markets SQM’s products directly and through other subsidiaries and affiliates of SQM |
Chile |
100 |
% |
| Servicios Integrates de Transitos y Transferencias S.A. (SIT) |
Owns and operates a rail transport system and also owns and operates the Tocopilla port facilities |
Chile |
100 |
% |
| Orcoma Estudios SPA |
Holds permits and studies of the Orcoma Project |
Chile |
100 |
% |
| Orcoma SPA |
Holds environmental permits and mining tenement of the Orcoma Project |
Chile |
100 |
% |
| Sociedad Contractual Minera Bufalo |
Mining exploration |
Chile |
100 |
% |
| RS Agro Chemical Trading Corporation A.V.V. |
A finance vehicle |
Aruba |
100 |
% |
| Soquimich Comercial S.A. |
Markets SQM’s specialty plant nutrition products domestically and imports fertilizers for resale in Chile |
Chile |
61 |
% |
| Ajay-SQM Chile S.A. |
Produces and markets SQM’s iodine and iodine derivatives |
Chile |
51 |
% |
| Sales and distribution subsidiaries in the United States, Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, Spain, and other locations. |
Market SQM’s products throughout the world |
Various |
|
For a list of all our consolidated subsidiaries, see Note 2.5 to our consolidated financial statements.
4.D. Property, Plant and Equipment
Mineral Reserves and Resources
Information concerning our mining properties in this Form 20-F has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K. Among other things, subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K requires disclosure of mineral resources, in addition to mineral reserves, as of December 31, 2023, both in the aggregate and for each of our individually material mining properties.
Our mineral reserves and resources are estimated by individuals deemed Qualified Persons ("QP") according to the standards set forth in subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K.
SQM believes it is a production stage company based on the classification of its material properties. SQM reports mineral resource and reserve estimates for development and production stage projects, following the classification done by SQM of its material properties. See the individual property disclosures below for further details regarding the mineral rights, titles, property size, permits and other information for our significant mineral extraction properties.
Mineral resources and reserves are defined in subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K as follows:
•Mineral resource. A concentration or occurrence of material of economic interest in or on the earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for economic extraction. A mineral resource is a reasonable estimate of mineralization, taking into account relevant factors such as cut-off grade, likely mining dimensions, location or continuity, that, with the assumed and justifiable technical and economic conditions, is likely to, in whole or in part, become economically extractable. It is not merely an inventory of all mineralization drilled or sampled.
•Mineral reserve. An estimate of tonnage and grade or quality of indicated and measured mineral resources that, in the opinion of a QP, can be the basis of an economically viable project. More specifically, it is the economically mineable part of a measured or indicated mineral resource, which includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined or extracted.
Under subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K, mineral resources may not be classified as mineral reserves unless the determination has been made by a QP that such mineral resources can be the basis of an economically viable project. The conversion of reported mineral resources to mineral reserves should not be assumed.
Mineral resource classifications are differentiated under subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K, in part, as follows:
•Measured resource. That part of a mineral resource with the highest level of geological confidence; quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of conclusive geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological certainty associated with a measured mineral resource is sufficient to allow a QP to apply modifying factors in sufficient detail to support detailed mine planning and final evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.
•Indicated resource. That part of a mineral resource with a level of geological confidence between that of measured and inferred resources; quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of adequate geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological certainty associated with an indicated mineral resource is sufficient to allow a QP to apply modifying factors in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.
•Inferred resource. That part of a mineral resource with the lowest level of geological confidence; quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of limited geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological uncertainty associated with an inferred mineral resource is too high to apply relevant technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospects of economic extraction in a manner useful for evaluation of economic viability.
Caliche
Geologists and mining engineers who are QPs prepare our estimates of caliche ore resources and reserves. The resource and reserve figures presented below are estimates and may be subject to modifications due to natural factors that affect the distribution of mineral grades, which would, in turn, modify the recovery of nitrate and iodine. Therefore, no assurance can be given that the indicated levels of recovery of nitrates and iodine will be realized.
We estimate ore resources and reserves based on evaluations, performed by engineers and geologists, of assay values derived from sampling of drillholes and other openings. Drillholes have been made at different space intervals in order to recognize mining resources. Normally, we start with 400x400 meters and then we reduce spacing to 200x200 meters, 100x100 meters, 100T (~100x50 meters) and 50x50 meters. The geological occurrence of caliche ore is unique and different from other metallic and non-metallic minerals.
Caliche ore is found in large horizontal layers at depths ranging from one to four meters and has an overburden between zero and two meters. This horizontal layering is a natural geological condition and allows us to estimate the continuity of the caliche bed based on surface geological reconnaissance and analysis of samples and trenches.
Salar de Atacama
Hydrogeologists and geologists who are QPs prepare our estimates of the resource and reserve base of potassium, sulfate, lithium and boron dissolved in brines at the Salar de Atacama. We have exploitation concessions through Corfo covering an area of 81,920 hectares, in which we have carried out geological exploitation, brine sampling and geostatistical analysis.
Mt. Holland
Geologists and mining engineers who are QPs prepared the mineral resource and reserve estimation for lithium hydroxide contained in pegmatites at Mt. Holland. The mineral reserve has been calculated from the mine plan created from the mineral resource estimation. Wireframes for the geological domains are defined by mineralization style and based on a cut-off grade of 0.5% lithium oxide.
Mining Rights
The discussion of our mining rights is organized below according to the geographic location of our mining operations. Our caliche ore mining interests are located throughout the valley of the Tarapacá and Antofagasta regions of northern Chile (in a part of the country known as “El Norte Grande”). From caliche ore, we produce products based on nitrates and iodine, and caliche also contains concentrations of potassium. Our mining interests in the brine deposits of the Salar de Atacama are found within the Atacama Desert, in the eastern region of El Norte Grande. From these brines we primarily produce products based on potassium, sulfate, and lithium. Our spodumene mining interests are located in Mt. Holland in Western Australia. From spodumene, we produce lithium hydroxide.
The map below shows the location of our principal mining operations in Chile and the exploitation and exploration mining concessions that have been granted to us, as well as the mining properties that we lease from Corfo:
Figure 1. Location of SQM mining operations in Chile and the exploitation and exploration mining concessions. Location coordinates longitude and latitude, respectively: of (i) Salar de Atacama (68°24’36.00"W), (23°33’3.60"S); (ii) Nueva Victoria: (69°39’48"W), (20°57’37"S); (iii) Pampa Orcoma: (69°57’22"W), (19°56’19"S); and (iv) Pampa Blanca (69°38’11"W), (23°09’49"S).
The map below shows the location of our principal mining operations in Australia and the exploitation and exploration mining concessions that have been granted to the Mt. Holland Joint Venture.
Figure 2. Australia’s south-west showing the location of the Mt Holland Project Mine Site, Concentrator and Refinery; location of Mt. Holland tenements; Kwinana refinery site in Perth, Western Australia. Location coordinates longitude and latitude, respectively of (i) Mt. Holland Tenements: (119º45’0”E), (32º5’24”S); (ii) Kwinana Refinery: (115º46’12”E), (32º13’12”S).
Mining Concessions in Chile
We hold our mining rights in Chile pursuant to mining concessions for exploration and exploitation of mining resources granted pursuant to applicable law in Chile. For a discussion of the mining concessions, see “Material Individual Properties — El Norte Grande — Mining Concessions for the Exploration and Exploitation of Caliche Ore” and “—Salar de Atacama Mining Concessions for Exploitation of Brines.”
As of December 31, 2023, approximately 99.56% of SQM’s mining interests in Chile were held pursuant to Mining Exploitation Concessions and 0.46% pursuant to Mining Exploration Concessions. Of the Mining Exploitation Concessions, approximately 99% already have been granted pursuant to applicable Chilean law, and approximately 1% are in the process of being granted. Of the Mining Exploration Concessions, approximately 100% already have been granted pursuant to applicable Chilean law.
In 2023, we made payments of US$8.5 million to the Chilean government for Mining Exploration and Exploitation Concessions, including the concessions we lease from Corfo. These payments do not include the payments we made directly to Corfo pursuant to the Corfo Agreements, according to the percentages of the sales price of products produced using brines from the Salar de Atacama.
The following table shows the Mining Exploitation and Exploration Concessions held by SQM, including the mining properties we lease from Corfo, as of December 31, 2023:
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Exploitation
Concessions |
|
Exploration
Concessions |
|
Total |
| Region of Chile |
|
Total
Number |
|
Hectares |
|
Total
Number |
|
Hectares |
|
Total
Number |
|
Hectares |
| Region I |
|
2,708 |
|
508,069 |
|
2 |
|
1,000 |
|
2,710 |
|
509,069 |
| Region II |
|
8,889 |
|
2,347,798 |
|
37 |
|
11,900 |
|
8,926 |
|
2,359,698 |
| Region III and others |
|
460 |
|
105,253 |
|
1 |
|
100 |
|
461 |
|
105,353 |
| Total |
|
12,057 |
|
2,961,120 |
|
40 |
|
13,000 |
|
12,097 |
|
2,974,120 |
The majority of the Mining Exploitation Concessions held by SQM were requested primarily for non-metallic mining purposes. However, a small percentage of our Mining Exploration Concessions were requested for metallic mining purposes. The annual payment to the Chilean government for this group of concessions is higher.
The current modifications to the Mining Code under Chilean Law No. 21,420 and others, modified the amount of mining protection through the creation of article 142 bis, determining that, a reduced mining patent is not contemplated for exploitation of mining concessions which economic interest is related to non-metallic substances. However, it allows the reduction of patent for exploitation concessions, when verifying work in the concession and/or accrediting the obtaining of an RCA with respect to its exploration project in the Environmental Impact Assessment System.
Mt. Holland Mining Rights
The Mt. Holland Lithium project development envelope for the Mine and Concentrator is spread across three core mining tenements (M77/1065, M77/1066 & M77/1080), as well as exploration licenses, general purpose licenses and miscellaneous licenses (Project Tenements), covering an approximate area of 4,606 hectares. A summary map showing the main tenements is provided in Figure 2.
The majority of the project properties are currently registered in equal parts to MH Gold, an affiliate of Wesfarmers Limited, and SQM Australia, an affiliate of SQM. The project is a joint venture, in which SQM owns 50% and Wesfarmers Limited owns the remaining 50% (the “Mt. Holland JV”), and is managed by Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd (“Covalent”), an entity owned 50% by SQM and 50% by Wesfarmers. Covalent is neither the registered holder nor the applicant of the project properties under the Mining Act of WA.
The Kwinana refinery development is located on a long-term lease covering 40.5 hectares at Lot 15, Mason Road in Kwinana. The lease was registered by Covalent with Development WA in September 2021.
Costs
Caliche ore is the key raw material used in the production of iodine, specialty plant nutrients and industrial chemicals. The following gross margins for the specified business lines were calculated on the same basis as cut-off grades used to estimate our reserves. We expect costs to remain relatively stable in the near future.
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2023 |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Gross
Margin |
|
Price |
|
Gross
Margin |
|
Price |
|
Gross
Margin |
|
Price |
| Iodine and Derivatives |
|
60 |
% |
|
US$68/kg |
|
63 |
% |
|
US$59/kg |
|
45 |
% |
|
US$36/kg |
| Specialty Plant Nutrition |
|
43 |
% |
|
US$1,088/ton |
|
38 |
% |
|
US$1,383/ton |
|
29 |
% |
|
US$787/ton |
| Industrial Chemicals |
|
19 |
% |
|
US$971/ton |
|
32 |
% |
|
US$1,124/ton |
|
17 |
% |
|
US$757/ton |
Brines from the Salar de Atacama are the key raw material used in the production of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, and lithium and its derivatives. The following gross margins for the specified business lines were calculated on the same basis as cut-off grades used to estimate our reserves. We expect costs to remain relatively stable in the near future.
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2023 |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Gross
Margin |
|
Price |
|
Gross
Margin |
|
Price |
|
Gross
Margin |
|
Price |
| Potassium Chloride and Potassium Sulfate |
|
21 |
% |
|
US$514/ton |
|
56 |
% |
|
US$910/ton |
|
39 |
% |
|
US$466/ton |
| Lithium and Derivatives |
|
43 |
% |
|
US$30,520/ton |
|
55 |
% |
|
US$52,000/ton |
|
47 |
% |
|
US$9,300/ton |
Summary of Mineral Reserves and Resources
The following tables summarize our estimated mineral reserves and resources as of December 31, 2023. The quantity of the mineral resources is estimated on an in situ basis as attributable to us. Mineral resources are reported exclusive of mineral reserves. The quantity of the mineral reserves is estimated on a saleable product basis as attributable to us. The relevant technical information supporting mineral reserves and resources for each material property is included in the “Material Individual Properties” section below, as well as in the technical report summaries (“TRS”) filed as Exhibits 96.1, 96.2, 96.3, 96.4 and 96.5 to this Form 20-F.
Summary Mineral Reserves at End of the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023(1),(2)
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|
|
|
Proven Mineral Reserves |
|
Probable Mineral Reserves |
|
Total Mineral Reserves |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% Li by weight) |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% Li by weight) |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% Li by weight) |
Lithium—Brines: (3), (4), (5), (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Salar de Atacama, Chile |
104 |
|
0.20 |
|
|
107 |
|
0.20 |
|
|
211 |
|
0.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(Li2O%)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(Li2O%)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(Li2O%)
|
Lithium—Pegmatite: (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mt. Holland, Australia |
10.7 |
|
1.55 |
|
|
31.2 |
|
1.57 |
|
|
42 |
|
1.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% K by
weight) |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% K by
weight]) |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% K by
weight) |
Potassium: (3), (4), (5), (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Salar de Atacama, Chile |
104 |
|
2.31 |
|
|
107 |
|
2.16 |
|
|
211 |
|
2.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(% NO3 by
weight)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(% NO3 by
weight)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(% NO3 by
weight)
|
Nitrate: (8), (9), (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| El Norte Grande Caliche, Chile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pedro de Valdivia |
99 |
|
9.1 |
|
|
112 |
|
5.8 |
|
|
211 |
|
7.3 |
|
| Maria Elena |
94 |
|
8.1 |
|
|
10 |
|
6.9 |
|
|
104 |
|
8.0 |
|
| Pampa Blanca |
30 |
|
6.1 |
|
|
12 |
|
6.3 |
|
|
42 |
|
6.2 |
|
| Nueva Victoria |
202 |
|
5.6 |
|
|
529 |
|
5.1 |
|
|
731 |
|
5.2 |
|
| Pampa Orcoma |
— |
|
— |
|
|
309 |
|
6.9 |
|
|
309 |
|
6.9 |
|
| Total |
425 |
|
7.0 |
|
|
972 |
|
5.8 |
|
|
1,397 |
|
6.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(I2 parts per
million)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(I2 parts per
million)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(I2 parts per
million)
|
Iodine: (8), (9), (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| El Norte Grande Caliche, Chile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pedro del Valdivia |
99 |
|
522 |
|
112 |
|
366 |
|
211 |
|
439 |
| Maria Elena |
94 |
|
491 |
|
10 |
|
374 |
|
104 |
|
480 |
| Pampa Blanca |
30 |
|
460 |
|
12 |
|
455 |
|
42 |
|
459 |
| Nueva Victoria |
202 |
|
432 |
|
529 |
|
415 |
|
731 |
|
420 |
| Pampa Orcoma |
— |
|
— |
|
309 |
|
413 |
|
309 |
|
413 |
| Total |
425 |
|
468 |
|
972 |
|
409 |
|
1,397 |
|
427 |
________________________________________________
(1)Comparisons of values may not add due to rounding of numbers and the differences caused by averaging.
(2)The units "Mm3", “Mt”, “kt”, “ppm” and % refer to million cubic meters, million metric tons, thousand metric tons, parts per million, and percent by weight, respectively.
(3)Salar de Atacama, Chile. The process efficiency is based on the type of extracted brine at each well over the course of the simulation, the average process efficiency over the entire life of mine (LoM) is approximately 52% for lithium and approximately 74% for potassium.
(4)Salar de Atacama, Chile. The average lithium and potassium concentration is weighted by the simulated extraction rates in each well.
(5)Salar de Atacama, Chile. The mineral resource and reserve estimate considers a 0.05% w/w cut-off grade for lithium based on the cost of generating lithium product, lithium carbonate sales, and the respective cost margin. Based on historical lithium prices from 2010 and the forecast to 2040, a projected lithium carbonate price of US$11,000 per metric ton with the corresponding cost and profit margin is considered with a small increase to accommodate the evaporation area and use of additives. A similar analysis was undertaken for potassium where the cut-off grade of 1% w/w has been set by SQM based on respective costs, sales, and margin.
(6)Salar de Atacama, Chile. This reserve estimate differs from the in-situ base reserve previously reported (SQM, 2020) and considers the modifying factors of converting mineral resources to mineral reserves, including the production wellfield design and efficiency, as well as environmental and process recovery factors. The reserve estimate also considers the expiry of the Lease Agreement in 2030 (end of LoM). The QP for the Mineral Reserves is Rodrigo Riquelme.
(7)Mt. Holland, Australia. Mineral reserve tonnage and grade have been rounded to reflect the accuracy of the estimate, and numbers may not add due to rounding. Metallurgical processes are designed for nominal 2Mpta ore feed. Process recovery to concentrate is estimated at 75% for lithium oxide for predominantly spodumene mineralization and 0% for other mineralization types. Refinery process recovery is estimated at 85%. Tantalum recovery is estimated at 0%. A total operating cost of US$4,979 per metric ton for Lithium hydroxide production was considered in the reserve evaluation. The price, cost, and mass yield parameters, along with the internal constraints of the current operations, result in a mineral reserves cut-off grade of 0.5% lithium oxide based on a selling lithium hydroxide price of US$11,000 per metric ton FOB. The QP for the Mineral Reserves is David Billington with an effective date: December 15, 2021. No material changes have been reported since that date.
(8)El Norte Grande Caliche, Chile. The cutoff grades of the proven and probable Reserves vary according to the required targets at the different mines. The values assigned correspond to the averages of the different sectors. The cut-off grade is for nitrate content, while also considering the iodine content.
(9)El Norte Grande Caliche, Chile. The average overall metallurgical recovery of the nitrate and iodine processes contained in the recovered material varies between 50% and 70%.
(10)The mineral resource and reserve estimate considers a cut-off grade of 300 ppm for iodine (I2) based on the production costs of iodine and derivative products. Based on historical iodine prices from 2010 and the forecast to 2040, a projected Iodine price of US$42,000 per metric ton is determined, taking in account the corresponding operational, financial and planned investment costs, depreciation, profit margin and taxes. A similar analysis was undertaken for nitrates where the cut-off grade of 3.0% sodium nitrate has been set by SQM based on respective costs for potassium-sodium nitrates (fertilizers) production. A projected price of US$820 per metric ton for potassium-sodium nitrates is considered by SQM in the economic analysis executed from 2010 and the forecast to 2040. Modifying factors of historical operational use in various of SQM’s mining facilities, are applied to iodine and nitrate grades reported as probable resource estimates. The factors applied to iodine and nitrate grades are 0.9 and 0.85 respectively. The QPs for Nueva Victoria and Pampa Blanca mineral reserves are Marco Fazzi, Marco Lema and Gino Slanzi.
Summary Mineral Resources Exclusive of Reserves at End of the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 (1), (2), (3)
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|
|
Measured Mineral
Resource |
|
Indicated Mineral
Resources |
|
Measured & Indicated
Mineral Resources |
|
Inferred Mineral
Resources |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% Li by
weight) |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% Li by
weight) |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Concentration
(% Li by weight) |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% Li by
weight) |
Lithium—Brines:(4), (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Salar de Atacama, Chile |
2.254 |
|
0.20 |
|
|
1.435 |
|
0.160 |
|
|
3.689 |
|
0.180 |
|
|
1.614 |
|
0.133 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(Li2O%)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(Li2O%)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(Li2O%)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(Li2O%)
|
Lithium—Pegamite:(6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mt. Holland, Australia |
13.5 |
|
1.58 |
|
|
30.5 |
|
1.45 |
|
|
44.0 |
|
1.49 |
|
|
3.5 |
|
1.38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% K by
weight) |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% K by
weight) |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% K by
weight) |
|
Amount
(Vol Mm3)
|
|
Grade
(% K by
weight) |
Potassium:(4)t, (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Salar de Atacama, Chile |
2.254 |
|
1.80 |
|
|
1.435 |
|
1.70 |
|
|
3.689 |
|
1.77 |
|
|
1.614 |
|
1.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(% NO3 by
weight)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(% NO3 by
weight)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(% NO3 by
weight)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(% NO3 by
weight)
|
Nitrate: (7), (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| El Norte Grande Caliche, Chile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pedro de Valdivia |
— |
|
— |
|
|
138 |
|
7.6 |
|
|
138 |
|
7.6 |
|
|
52 |
|
6.1 |
|
| Maria Elena |
21 |
|
11.1 |
|
|
119 |
|
10.0 |
|
|
140 |
|
10.2 |
|
|
117 |
|
7.2 |
|
| Pampa Blanca |
17 |
|
5.3 |
|
|
534 |
|
6.3 |
|
|
551 |
|
6.3 |
|
|
223 |
|
5.4 |
|
| Nueva Victoria |
— |
|
— |
|
|
20 |
|
4.7 |
|
|
20 |
|
4.7 |
|
|
49 |
|
5.3 |
|
| Pampa Orcoma |
— |
|
— |
|
|
18 |
|
7.4 |
|
|
18 |
|
7.4 |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
| Total |
38 |
|
8.5 |
|
|
829 |
|
7.0 |
|
|
867 |
|
7.1 |
|
|
441 |
|
5.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(I2 parts per
million)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(I2 parts per
million)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(I2 parts per
million)
|
|
Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Grade
(I2 parts per
million)
|
Iodine: (7), (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| El Norte Grande Caliche, Chile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pedro de Valdivia |
— |
|
— |
|
138 |
|
564 |
|
138 |
|
564 |
|
52 |
|
409 |
| Maria Elena |
21 |
|
489 |
|
119 |
|
465 |
|
140 |
|
469 |
|
117 |
|
362 |
| Pampa Blanca |
17 |
|
563 |
|
534 |
|
561 |
|
551 |
|
561 |
|
223 |
|
511 |
| Nueva Victoria |
— |
|
— |
|
20 |
|
415 |
|
20 |
|
415 |
|
49 |
|
372 |
| Pampa Orcoma |
— |
|
— |
|
18 |
|
457 |
|
18 |
|
457 |
|
— |
|
— |
| Total |
38 |
|
522 |
|
829 |
|
542 |
|
867 |
|
541 |
|
441 |
|
444 |
________________________________________________
(1)Comparison of values may not add due to the rounding of numbers and differences caused by averaging.
(2)The units "Mm3", “Mt”, “kt”, “ppm” and % refer to million cubic meters, million metric tons, thousand metric tons, parts per million, and percent by weight, respectively.
(3)Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that all or any part of the mineral resource will be converted into mineral reserves upon the application of modifying factors.
(4)Salar de Atacama, Chile. Mineral resources are reported as in-situ and exclusive of mineral reserves, where the estimated mineral reserve without processing losses during the reported LoM and real declared extraction from 2023 were subtracted from the mineral resource inclusive of mineral reserves. A direct correlation between proven reserves and measured resources, as well as probable reserves and indicated resources was assumed.The QP for the Mineral Resources is Juan Becerra.
(5)Salar de Atacama, Chile. The mineral resource and reserve estimate consider a 0.05% w/w cut-off grade for lithium based on the cost of generating lithium product, lithium carbonate sales, and the respective cost margin. Based on historical lithium prices from 2010 and the forecast to 2040, a projected lithium carbonate price of US$11,000 per metric ton with the corresponding cost and profit margin is considered with a small increase to accommodate the evaporation area and use of additives. A similar analysis was undertaken for potassium where the cut-off grade of 1% w/w has been set by SQM based on respective costs, sales, and margin.
(6)Mt. Holland, Australia. Mineral resource tonnage and measured content have been rounded to reflect the accuracy of the estimate, and numbers may not add due to rounding. Mineral resources are reported as exclusive of mineral reserves. Resource disclosed corresponds to the resources attributable to SQM. Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. Resources have been reported as in situ (hard rock within optimized pit shell). Pit optimization and economics for derivation of cut off grade include mine gate pricing of US$800 FOB per ton of 6% Li2O concentrate, AUS$19 per bcm mining cost (LoM average cost-variable by depth), AU$65 processing cost per ton. Mining dilution set at 5% and recovery at 95%. Royalty fees 5%. The optimization considered for the concentrator is 75%. Costs estimated in Australian Dollars were converted to US Dollars based on an exchange rate of AU$0.75:US$1.00. These economics define a cut-off grade of 0.50% Li2O. Kerry Griffin is the QP responsible for the mineral resource estimate with an effective date: October 6, 2021. No material changes have been reported since that date.
(7)El Norte Grande, Caliche, Chile. To calculate measured resources, SQM uses the RGM100T and RGM50 data results combined in a 3D block model built using Kriging and applying some criteria: caliche thickness ≥ 2.0 m; overload thickness ≤3.0 m; waste / Mineral Ratio ≤ 1.5; and cut-off grades of NaNO3 (3%) and Iodine (300 ppm). To calculate indicated resources, SQM uses the RGM100 and RGM200 data results combined using the inverse distance weighting (IDW). To evaluate Probable Reserves a reduction on grades must be consider as consequence of the deposit geological variability which determines a contrasting decrease in grades by going from 200x200 meters research grids to lower 100T (~100x50 meters) or 50x50 meters grids. The mineral resource estimates were prepared by Marco Fazzi (who is the QP for these mineral resource estimates), reported using the S-K 1300 Definition Standards adopted December 2018. The QPs for Nueva Victoria and Pampa Blanca mineral reserves are Marco Fazzi, Marco Lema and Gino Slanzi.
(8)El Norte Grande, Caliche, Chile. The estimate was completed using a SG of 2.1 ton/m³. Cut-off grade for iodine is 300 ppm. The cutoff grades of the mineral resources vary according to the required targets at the different mines. The values assigned correspond to the averages of the different sectors. In our mining sites, the cut-off grade is for nitrate content considers iodine. The mineral reserve estimate considers a cut-off grade of 300ppm for iodine (I2) based on the production costs of Iodine and derivative products. Based on historical iodine prices from 2010 and the forecast to 2040, a projected iodine price of US$42,000 per metric ton is determined, taking in account the corresponding operational, financial and planned investment costs, depreciation, profit margin and taxes. A similar analysis was undertaken for nitrates where the cut-off grade of 3.0% NaNO3 has been set by SQM based on respective costs for potassium-sodium nitrates (fertilizers) production. A projected price of US$820 per metric ton for potassium-sodium nitrates is considered by SQM in the economic analysis executed from 2010 and the forecast to 2040.
Material Individual Properties
To determine our individually material mining operations in accordance with subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K, management considered both quantitative and qualitative factors, assessed in the context of our overall business and financial condition. Such assessment included our aggregate mining operations on all of our mining properties, regardless of the stage of production or the type of mineral produced. Quantitative factors included, among others, mining operations’ relative contributions to our aggregate historical and estimated revenues, cash flows, and EBITDA. Qualitative factors may include, as applicable, capital expansion plans, long-term pricing outlook, the regulatory environment and various strategic priorities. We concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our individually material mines are the caliche ore mines at Nueva Victoria, Pampa Blanca and Pampa Orcoma in El Norte Grande region of Chile, the brines in the Salar de Atacama in Chile and the Mt. Holland lithium project in Western Australia. We will update our assessment of individually material mines on an annual basis.
Information that follows relating to such individually material properties is derived, for the most part, from, and in some instances is an extract from, the TRS relating to such properties prepared in compliance with Item 601(b)(96) and subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K. Portions of the following information are based on assumptions, qualifications and procedures that are not fully described herein. Reference should be made to the full text of the TRS, incorporated herein by reference and made a part of this Form 20-F. The relevant TRS for the Salar de Atacama property, the Nueva Victoria property, the Pampa Blanca property and the Pampa Orcoma property, and the Mt. Holland lithium project properties are included as Exhibits 96.1, 96.2, 96.3, 96.4 and 96.5, respectively, to this Form 20-F.
El Norte Grande Caliche, Chile
Our mining operations are concentrated in the First Region of Chile, where we mainly work in the mining areas of Tente en el Aire, Nueva Victoria Oeste, Hermosa and Torcaza, and in the Second Region of Chile, where we work in the mining area of Pampa Blanca.
The El Norte Grande Caliche, found in Regions I and II of northern Chile, corresponds to flat areas or “pampas”, that have been thoroughly explored. Results indicate that these prospects hold mineralization of nitrate and iodine. The area is accessible from Santiago through Route 5. The mineralization is stratiform in style, with a wide areal distribution, forming "spots" of several kilometers in extension, where mineralization thicknesses are variable. As a result of geological activity over time (volcanism, weathering, faulting) the deposits can be found as continuous mantles. Environmental permits for mining operations, and the corresponding Environmental Qualification Resolution, grant access to the required water and electricity supply, as well as the infrastructure required for the mining operation.
Facilities
Nueva Victoria
The Nueva Victoria mine and facilities are located 140 kilometers southeast of Iquique and are accessible by highway. Since 2007, the Nueva Victoria mine includes the mining properties Soronal, Mapocho and Iris. At this site, we use caliche ore to produce salts rich in nitrates and iodine, through heap leaching and the use of solar evaporation ponds. The main production facilities at this site include the operation centers for the heap leaching process, the iodide and iodine plants at Nueva Victoria and Iris and the evaporation ponds at the Sur Viejo sector of the site. The areas currently being mined are located approximately 27 kilometers northeast of Nueva Victoria. Solar energy and electricity are the primary sources of power for this operation. The nitrate-rich salts are sent to Coya Sur, which is a process plant located approximately 15 kilometers south of María Elena, and production activities undertaken there are associated with the production of potassium nitrate and finished products. The main production plants at this site include four potassium nitrate plants with a total capacity of 1,300,000 metric tons per year. There are also four production lines for crystallized nitrates, with a total capacity of 1,200,000 metric tons per year, and a prilling plant with a capacity of 360,000 metric tons per year. The potassium nitrate produced at Coya Sur is an intermediate product that is used as a raw material for the production of finished products (crystallized nitrates and prilled nitrates). Therefore, the production capacities listed above are not independent of one another and cannot be added together to obtain an overall total capacity. Natural gas is the main source of energy for our Coya Sur operation.
Pampa Blanca
The Pampa Blanca Project mine and facilities are located in the Antofagasta Region of northern Chile. It is located 100 kilometers northeast of the city of Antofagasta, in the commune of Sierra Gorda. The property has an area of 51,201 hectares and is composed of 152 mining concessions. The Pampa Blanca Project aims to produce salts rich in iodide, iodine and nitrate from the processing of caliche that will be extracted from deposits rich in this mineral. The Pampa Blanca Mining Plan considers an initial extraction of caliche at a rate of 5.0 million metric tons per year between 2024-2029, followed by an extraction rate of 12 million metric tons per year from 2030 onwards. For the period 2024-2030 a total extraction of 42 million metric tons of caliche is projected with an average grade of 459 ppm of iodine and 6.2% of nitrates. The production process to obtain iodine as the main product, along with salts rich in sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate as by-products, consists of heap leaching with fresh water or with recirculated solutions to obtain a solution rich in iodate, which will then be treated in a chemical plant to transform it into elemental iodine in prill format. Solar energy and electricity are the main sources of energy for this operation. The Pampa Blanca Project facilities also include operation centers for the heap leaching process, iodide plant, and evaporation ponds.
Pampa Orcoma
The Pampa Orcoma Project is located in the Tarapacá Region of northern Chile. It is situated 99 kilometers to the northeast of the city of Iquique, in the community of Huara. The property covers an area of 10,296 hectares and is composed of 45 mining concessions. The Pampa Orcoma Project aims to produce iodide, iodine and nitrate-rich salts from the processing of caliche that will be extracted from deposits rich in this mineral. The Pampa Orcoma Mining Plan considers an initial extraction of caliche at a rate of 8.4 million metric tons per year during the first four years of operation, followed by an extraction rate of 20 million metric tons per year from the fifth year of operation onwards. For the 16 year of LoM, a total extraction of 287.4 million metric tons of caliche is projected with an average grade of 408 ppm iodine and 6.7% nitrates. The production process to obtain iodine as the main product, along with salts rich in sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate as by-products, involves leaching with seawater or with recirculated solutions to obtain a solution rich in iodate, which will then be treated in chemical plants to transform it into elemental iodine in prill format. The Pampa Orcoma Project contemplates the construction of the following facilities: iodide and iodine production plants, with a capacity of 2,500 metric tons per year (of equivalent iodine), evaporation ponds to produce salts rich in nitrate at a rate of 320,325 metric tons per year and a seawater adduction pipe to meet the water needs. Solar energy and electricity are the primary sources of energy for this future operation. The development of the Pampa Orcoma Project was postponed to 2030, with no changes to the project information since December 31, 2022.
The following table provides a summary of our El Norte Grande production facilities as of December 31, 2023:
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| Facility |
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Type of Facility |
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Approximate Size
(hectares)(1)
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Nominal Production
Capacity
(thousands of metric
tons/year)
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|
Weighted
Average
Age
(years) (2)
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Gross Book
Value
(millions of US$) (2)
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Coya Sur (3) (4) |
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Nitrates production |
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1,518 |
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Potassium nitrate: 1,300 Crystallized nitrates: 1,200 Prilled nitrates: 360 |
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11.37 |
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676.3 |
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Nueva Victoria (5) (7) |
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Concentrated nitrate salts and iodine production |
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47,492 |
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Iodine: 13.0 |
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11.26 |
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596.7 |
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Pampa Blanca (6) |
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Concentrated nitrate salts and iodide production |
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4,808 |
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Iodide: 1.3 |
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16.73 |
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8.1 |
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Pampa Orcoma (8) |
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Concentrated nitrate salts and iodine production |
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7,387 |
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Iodine: 2.5 |
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— |
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— |
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________________________________________________
(1)Approximate size considers both the production facilities and the mine for Nueva Victoria Mining areas are those authorized for exploitation by the environmental authority and/or Sernageomin.
(2)Weighted average age and gross book value correspond to production facilities, excluding the mine, for Nueva Victoria and the Tocopilla port facilities.
(3)Includes production facilities and solar evaporation ponds.
(4)The potassium nitrate produced at Coya Sur is an intermediate product that is used as a raw material for the production of finished products (crystallized nitrates and prilled nitrates). Therefore, the production capacities listed above are not independent of one another and cannot be added together to obtain an overall total capacity.
(5)Includes production facilities, solar evaporation ponds and leaching heaps. The total iodine production capacity includes the capacities of our Nueva Victoria and Pedro de Valdivia plants. The effective iodine capacity is 14,300 metric tons per year.
(6)The iodide production is sent to our Nueva Victoria plant to produce iodine in prilled format.
(7)Includes production facilities and nitrate solutions ponds
(8)The development of the Pampa Orcoma project was postponed to 2030 without any changes to the information reported as of December 31, 2022.
We directly or indirectly through subsidiaries own, lease or hold concessions over the facilities at which we carry out our operations. Such facilities are free of any material liens, pledges or encumbrances, and we believe they are suitable and adequate for the business we conduct in them.
Extraction Yields
The following table shows certain operating data relating to each of our El Norte Grande mines for 2023, 2022 and 2021:
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| (in thousands, unless otherwise stated) |
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2023 |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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Coya Sur(1) |
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| Metric tons of crystallized nitrate produced |
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642 |
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725 |
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820 |
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| Nueva Victoria |
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| Metric tons of ore mined |
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43,450 |
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44,324 |
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41,428 |
Iodine (ppm)(2) |
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398 |
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430 |
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441 |
| Metric tons of iodine produced |
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13.9 |
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12.4 |
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10.2 |
________________________________________________
(1)Includes production of finished products at Coya Sur from treatment of nitrates solutions from María Elena and Pedro de Valdivia, nitrate salts from pile treatment at Nueva Victoria, and net production from NPT, or technical grade potassium nitrates.
(2)Includes production of iodine in prill form from our Nueva Victoria plant.
Reserves and Resources
According to our experience in caliche ore, the grid pattern drillholes with spacings between 50 and 100 meters produce data on the caliche resources that is sufficiently defined to consider them measured resources and then, adjusting for technical, economic and legal aspects, as proven reserves. These reserves are obtained using the Kriging Method and the application of operating parameters to obtain economically profitable reserves.
Similarly, the information obtained from detailed geologic work and samples taken from grid pattern drillholes with spacings between 100 and 200 meters can be used to determine indicated resources. By adjusting such indicated resources to account for technical, economic and legal factors, it is possible to calculate probable reserves. Probable reserves are calculated by using a Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), and have an uncertainty or margin of error greater than that of proven reserves. However, the degree of certainty of probable reserves is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation.
The conversion of resources into reserves requires consideration of modifying factors, the most relevant of which is the existence of a valid environmental license (RCA or Sectorial Authorization). The criteria for converting resources into reserves, based on the environmental license modifying factor criterion, adopted for caliche mines are as follows:
1.Unit tonnage conversion criteria in both measured resources and indicated resources.
2.Grade conversion criteria: unit factor in measured resources and lower than unit and variable according to the mine, in the Iodine and Nitrate grades, for the indicated resources, due to the variability of the deposit.
3.Application of the factor associated with related environmental permit, not qualifying as reserves the resources defined in sectors without an environmental permit and qualifying as proven/probable reserves the measured/indicated resources associated with sectors with an effective environmental permit or Sectorial Authorization in force.
Nueva Victoria—Summary of Mineral Reserves at the End of the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20231,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
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Amount
(Mt)
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Nitrate
Grade
(% by
weight) |
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Iodine Grade
(Parts per
million(ppm)) |
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Cut-off
grades1
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Metallurgical
recovery 2
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| Proven mineral reserves |
202 |
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5.6 |
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432 |
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Nitrates 3.0%. Iodine 300 ppm |
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50%-70% |
| Probable mineral reserves |
529 |
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5.1 |
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415 |
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| Total mineral reserves |
731 |
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5.2 |
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420 |
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________________________________________________
(1)Mineral Reserves are based on Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources at an operating cutoff of 3% for nitrates and 300 ppm iodine. Operating constraints of caliche thickness ≥ 2.0 m; overburden thickness ≤3.0 m; and waste / caliche ratio ≤1.5 are applied.
(2)Proven Mineral Reserves are based on Measured Mineral Resources at the criteria described in (1) above. The average overall metallurgical recovery of the nitrate and iodine processes contained in the recovered material varies between 50% and 70%. Based on SQM’s operational experience and the laboratory and full-scale tests carried out, a progressive increase, over time, in heap leaching yield is expected, as irrigation application rates increase.
(3)Probable Mineral Reserves are based on Indicated Mineral Resources at the criteria described in (1) above with a grade call factor of 0.9 for iodine and 0.85 for nitrates confirmed by operating experience.
(4)Mineral Reserves are stated as in-situ ore (caliche) as the point of reference.
(5)The units “Mt”, “kt”, “ppm” and % refer to million metric tons, thousand metric tons, parts per million, and percent by weight, respectively.
(6)Mineral Reserves are based on an iodine price of US$42,000 per metric ton and a nitrate price of US$295 per metric ton. Mineral Reserves are also based on economic viability as demonstrated in an after-tax discounted cashflow.
(7)Marco Fazzi, Marco Lema and Gino Slanzi are the QPs responsible for the Mineral Reserves.
(8)The QP is not aware of any environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socioeconomic, marketing, political or other relevant factors that could materially affect the Mineral Reserve estimate that are not discussed in this TRS.
(9)Comparisons of values may not total due to rounding of numbers and the differences caused by use of averaging methods.
Nueva Victoria—Summary of Mineral Resources Exclusive of Mineral Reserves at the End of the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20231,2,3,4,5,6
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Resources |
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Amount
(Mt)
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Nitrate
Grade
(% by
weight) |
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Iodine Grade
(Parts per
million(ppm)) |
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Cut-off
grade5
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| Measured mineral resources |
— |
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— |
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— |
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Nitrates 3.0%, Iodine 300 ppm |
| Indicated mineral resources |
20 |
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4.7 |
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415 |
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| Measured + Indicated mineral resources |
20 |
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4.7 |
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415 |
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| Inferred mineral resources |
49 |
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5.3 |
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372 |
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________________________________________________
(1)Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that all or any part of the Mineral Resource will be converted into Mineral Reserves upon the application of modifying factors.
(2)Mineral Resources are reported as in-situ and exclusive of Mineral Reserves, where the estimated Mineral Reserve without processing losses during the reported LoM was subtracted from the Mineral Resource inclusive of Mineral Reserves. All Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources have been converted into Mineral Reserves; as a result, only Inferred Mineral Resources are reported in this TRS.
(3)Comparisons of values may not add due to rounding of numbers and the differences caused by use of averaging methods
(4)The units “Mt”, “ppm” and % refer to million metric tons, parts per million, and percent by weight, respectively.
(5)The Mineral Resource estimate considers a cut-off grade of 3% for nitrates and 300 ppm for iodine, based on accumulated cut-off iodine grades and operational average grades, as well as caliche thickness ≥ 2.0 m and overburden thickness ≤ 3.0 m. The iodine cut-off grade considers the cost and medium- and long-term price forecasts of generating iodine as discussed in Sections 11, 16 and 19 of the TRS.
(6)Marco Fazzi, Marco Lema and Gino Slanzi are the QPs responsible for the Mineral Resources.
Pampa Orcoma—Summary of Mineral Reserves at the End of the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20231,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
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Amount
(Mt)
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Nitrate
Grade
(% by
weight) |
|
Iodine Grade
(Parts per
million(ppm)) |
|
Cut-off
grades1
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Metallurgical
recovery 2
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| Proven mineral reserves |
— |
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— |
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— |
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Nitrates 3.0%, Iodine 300 ppm |
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50%-70% |
| Probable mineral reserves |
309 |
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6.9 |
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413 |
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| Total mineral reserves |
309 |
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6.9 |
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413 |
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________________________________________________
(1)Comparisons of values may not add due to rounding of numbers and the differences caused by use of averaging methods.
(2)The units “Mt”, “ppm” and %, refer to million metric tons, parts per million and percent by weight, respectively. The average overall metallurgical recovery of the nitrate and iodine processes contained in the recovered material varies between 50% and 70%. Based on SQM’s operational experience and the laboratory and full-scale tests carried out, a progressive increase, over time, in heap leaching yield is expected, as irrigation application rates increase.
(3)The Mineral Reserve estimate considers a cut-off grade of 300 ppm for iodine and 3.0% for nitrates, based on accumulated cut-off iodine grades and operational average grades, as well as the cost and medium- and long-term prices forecast of generating iodine.
(4)Modifying factors of historical operational use in various of SQM’s mining facilities, are applied to iodine and nitrate grades, the factors applied to iodine and nitrate grades are 0.9 and 0.85, respectively.
(5)Mineral Resources in the area without an environmental permit are estimated at 18 Mt.
(6)Mineral Reserves are reported as in-situ ore.
(7)Marco Fazzi, Marco Lema and Gino Slanzi are the QPs responsible for the Mineral Reserves.
(8)The QP is not aware of any environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socioeconomic, marketing, political or other relevant factors that could materially affect the Mineral Reserve estimate that are not discussed in this TRS.
(9)The development of the Pampa Orcoma project was postponed without any changes to the information reported as of December 31, 2022.
Pampa Orcoma—Summary of Mineral Resources Exclusive of Mineral Reserves at the End of the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20231,2,3,4,5,6,7
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Resources |
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Amount
(Mt)
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Nitrate
Grade
(% by
weight) |
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Iodine Grade
(Parts per
million(ppm)) |
|
Cut-off
grade1,2
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| Measured mineral resources |
— |
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— |
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— |
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Nitrates 3.0%, Iodine 300 ppm |
| Indicated mineral resources |
18 |
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7.4 |
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457 |
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| Measured + Indicated mineral resources |
18 |
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7.4 |
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457 |
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| Inferred mineral resources |
— |
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— |
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— |
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________________________________________________
(1)Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that all or any part of the Mineral Resource will be converted into Mineral Reserves upon the application of modifying factors.
(2)Mineral Resources are reported as in-situ and exclusive of Mineral Reserves, where the estimated Mineral Reserve without processing losses during the reported LOM was subtracted from the Mineral Resource inclusive of Mineral Reserves.
(3)Comparisons of values may not add due to rounding of numbers and the differences caused by use of averaging methods.
(4)The units “Mt”, “ppm” and %, refers to million metric tons, parts per million and percent by weight, respectively.
(5)The Mineral Resource estimate considers a cut-off grade of 300 ppm for iodine and 3.0% for nitrates, based on accumulated cut-off iodine grades and operational average grades, as well as the cost and medium and long term prices forecast for prilled iodine production.
(6)Marco Fazzi is the QP responsible for the Mineral Resources.
(7)The development of the Pampa Orcoma project was postponed without any changes to the information reported as of December 31, 2022.
Pampa Blanca—Summary of Mineral Reserves at the End of the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20231,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
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Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Nitrate
Grade
(% by
weight) |
|
Iodine Grade
(Parts per
million(ppm)) |
|
Cut-off
grades1
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|
Metallurgical
recovery 2
|
| Proven mineral reserves |
30 |
|
6.1 |
|
460 |
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Nitrates 3.0%, Iodine 300 ppm |
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50%-70% |
| Probable mineral reserves |
12 |
|
6.3 |
|
455 |
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|
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| Total mineral reserves |
42 |
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6.2 |
|
459 |
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________________________________________________
(1)Mineral Reserves are based on Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources at an operating cutoff of 3% for nitrates and 300 ppm iodine. Operating constraints of caliche thickness ≥ 2.0 m; overburden thickness ≤3.0 m; and waste / caliche ratio ≤1.5 are applied.
(2)Proven Mineral Reserves are based on Measured Mineral Resources at the criteria described in (1) above. The average overall metallurgical recovery of the nitrate and iodine processes contained in the recovered material varies between 50% and 70%. Based on SQM’s operational experience and the laboratory and full-scale tests carried out, a progressive increase, over time, in heap leaching yield is expected, as irrigation application rates increase.
(3)Probable Mineral Reserves are based on Indicated Mineral Resources at the criteria described in (1) above with a grade call factor of 0.9 for iodine and 0.85 for nitrates confirmed by operating experience.
(4)Mineral Reserves are stated as in-situ ore (caliche) as the point of reference.
(5)The units “Mt”, “kt”, “ppm” and % refer to million metric tons, thousand metric tons, parts per million, and percent by weight, respectively.
(6)Mineral Reserves are based on an iodine price of US$42,000 per metric ton and a nitrate price of US$295 per metric ton. Mineral Reserves are also based on economic viability as demonstrated in an after-tax discounted cashflow.
(7)Marco Fazzi, Marco Lema and Gino Slanzi are the QPs responsible for the Mineral Reserves.
(8)The QPs are not aware of any environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socioeconomic, marketing, political or other relevant factors that could materially affect the Mineral Reserve estimate that are not discussed in this TRS.
(9)Comparisons of values may not total due to rounding of numbers and the differences caused by use of averaging methods.
Pampa Blanca—Summary of Mineral Resources Exclusive of Mineral Reserves at the End of the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20231,2,3,4,5,6
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Resources |
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Amount
(Mt)
|
|
Nitrate
Grade
(% by
weight) |
|
Iodine Grade
(Parts per
million(ppm)) |
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Cut-off
grade1,2
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| Measured mineral resources |
17 |
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5.3 |
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|
563 |
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Nitrates 3.0%, Iodine 300 ppm |
| Indicated mineral resources |
534 |
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6.3 |
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|
561 |
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| Measured + Indicated mineral resources |
551 |
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6.3 |
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|
561 |
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| Inferred mineral resources |
223 |
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5.4 |
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|
511 |
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________________________________________________
(1)Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that all or any part of the Mineral Resource will be converted into Mineral Reserves upon the application of modifying factors.
(2)Mineral Resources are reported as in-situ and exclusive of Mineral Reserves, where the estimated Mineral Reserve without processing losses during the reported LoM was subtracted from the Mineral Resource inclusive of Mineral Reserves. All Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources have been converted into Mineral Reserves; as a result, only Inferred Mineral Resources are reported in this TRS.
(3)Comparisons of values may not add due to rounding of numbers and the differences caused by use of averaging methods
(4)The units “Mt”, “ppm” and % refer to million metric tons, parts per million, and percent by weight respectively.
(5)The Mineral Resource estimate considers a cut-off grade of 3% for nitrates and 300 ppm for iodine, based on accumulated cut-off iodine grades and operational average grades, as well as caliche thickness ≥ 2.0 m and overburden thickness ≤ 3.0 m. The iodine cut-off grade considers the cost and medium- and long-term price forecasts of generating iodine as discussed in Sections 11, 16 and 19 of the TRS.
(6)Marco Fazzi, Marco Lema and Gino Slanzi are the QPs responsible for the Mineral Resources.
The Nueva Victoria proven mineral reserves of 201.8 million metric tons as of December 31, 2023, decreased by 8.7% from 220 million metric tons as of December 31, 2022. The Nueva Victoria probable mineral reserves of 553 million metric tons as of December 31, 2022, decreased by 4.3% to 529 million metric tons as of December 31, 2023. The decline in mineral reserves was driven by mine exploitation and recategorization of probable reserves in Tente en El Aire sector. The indicated mineral resources of 20 million metric tons at December 31, 2022, had no changes at December 31, 2023. The Nueva Victoria inferred mineral resources of 31 million metric tons at December 31, 2022, increased to 48.5 million metric tons at December 31, 2023.
The Pampa Orcoma probable mineral reserves and indicated mineral resources of 309 million metric tons and 18 million metric tons at December 31, 2023, respectively, remained unchanged from the amounts at December 31, 2022, because there were no material changes that would modify the estimated mineral reserves.
The Pampa Blanca proven mineral reserves of 30.2 million metric tons as of December 31, 2023, decreased by 14.2% from 35.2 million metric tons as of December 31, 2022. The Pampa Blanca probable mineral reserves of 498 million metric tons as of December 31, 2022, decreased by 97.6% to 12.0 million metric tons as of December 31, 2023. The decline in mineral reserves was driven by mine exploitation and the decrease must be attributed to the expiration of the RCA.
The proven and probable reserves shown above are the result of the evaluation of approximately 18.7% of the total caliche-related mining property of our Company. However, we have explored more intensely the areas in which we believe there is a higher potential of finding high-grade caliche ore minerals. The remaining 81.3% of this area has not been explored or has had limited reconnaissance, which is not sufficient to determine the potential and hypothetical resources. In 2023, basic recognition of new mining properties in the Franja Oeste sector equivalent to 433 hectares was carried out. With respect to detailed explorations, in 2023, campaigns were carried out to recategorize indicated resources equivalent to 8,730 hectares in the Hermosa Oeste, Pampa Engañadora, Franja Oeste, and Tea Oeste sectors; Cocar and Sector IV of Pampa Blanca. An advanced exploration program is already designed for 2024, intended to cover an area of 5,390 hectares in Tente en el Aire, Nueva Victoria and Franja Oeste sectors. The reserves shown in these tables are calculated based on properties that are not involved in any legal disputes between SQM and other parties.
We maintain an ongoing program of exploration and resource evaluation on the land surrounding our production mines, and other sites for which we have the appropriate concessions.
The information presented in the table with respect to the Nueva Victoria, Pampa Orcoma and Pampa Blanca mines has been validated by the following QPs:
Mr. Marco Fazzi is a Geologist with more than 25 years of experience in the underground and open pit mining operations in metallic and non-metallic deposits. Currently, he works for SQM as a Mineral Resources and Long-Term Planning Manager. He has extensive experience in exploration geology, mineral control geology, geological modeling and resource and reserve estimation management. Mr. Fazzi is a QP as defined in subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K and is registered under No. 287 in the Public Registry of QPs in Mining Resources and Reserves, in accordance with Law No. 20,235 that regulates the role of QPs and creates the Qualifying Commission of Competences in Mining Resources and Reserves ("Law for QPs") and its current regulation in Chile.
Mr. Marco Lema is a Civil Mining Engineer with more than 30 years of experience in the field. Currently, he works for SQM as Superintendent of Mining Resources and Planning. He has worked as a Mining Engineer in Metallic and Non-Metallic deposits, with vast experience in the latter. Mr. Lema is a QP, as defined in subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K and is registered under No. 375 in the Public Registry of QPs in Mining Resources and Reserves in accordance with the Law for QPs and its current regulation in Chile.
Mr. Gino Slanzi is a Civil Engineer. He is currently the General Manager for Inprotec SPA and Senior Consultant for Pares & Alvarez. He has worked for more than 35 years in the development of metallurgical mining projects, the optimization of production plants and on management models. He visited the site in 2022. Mr. Slanzi is a QP as defined in subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K and is registered under No.441 in the Public Registry of QPs in Mining Resources and Reserves, in accordance with the Law for QPs and its current regulation in Chile.
Mining Concessions for the Exploration and Exploitation of Caliche Ore
We hold our mining rights for caliche ore pursuant to mining concessions for exploration and exploitation of mining resources that have been granted pursuant to applicable law in Chile:
(1)“Mining Exploitation Concessions”: entitle us to use the land in order to exploit the mineral resources contained therein on a perpetual basis, subject to annual payments to the Chilean government; and
(2)“Mining Exploration Concessions”: entitle us to use the land in order to explore for and verify the existence of mineral resources for a period of two years, at the expiration of which the concession may be extended one time only for two additional years, if the area covered by the concession is reduced by half. We may alternatively request an exploitation concession in respect of the area covered by the original exploration concession, which must be made within the timeframe established by the original exploration concession.
(3)In addition, the current modifications to the Mining Code under Law 21,420 and others, modified the validity of the exploration concessions, which will be four years, allowing the validity to be extended for up to four more years for a single time if geological information is delivered as a result of the exploration or if an RCA has been obtained or an admissible project has been entered into the Environmental Impact Assessment System.
A Mining Exploration Concession is generally obtained for purposes of evaluating the mineral resources in a defined area. If the holder of the Mining Exploration Concession determines that the area does not contain commercially exploitable mineral resources, the Mining Exploration Concession is usually allowed to lapse. An application also can be made for a Mining Exploitation Concession without first having obtained a Mining Exploration Concession for the area involved.
As of December 31, 2023, the surface area covered by Mining Exploitation Concessions that have been granted in relation to the caliche resources of our mining sites is approximately 543,100 hectares. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, the surface area covered by Mining Exploration Concessions in relation to the caliche resources of our mining sites is approximately 400 hectares. We have not requested additional mining rights.
Salar de Atacama, Chile
The operations of SQM in the Salar de Atacama are located in the Antofagasta Region of Chile, which covers the El Loa Province and the San Pedro de Atacama commune. The Salar de Atacama Project is currently in operation for the treatment of brines to obtain lithium and potassium salts, and as such it is in a production stage. The Salar de Atacama deposits are owned by Corfo, which grants special operating contracts or administrative leases to private companies for the extraction of brine. SQM and Albemarle have a lease agreement with Corfo to extract and produce lithium from brines stored in the Salar de Atacama deposit. Consequently, SQM must follow the terms of the agreement and also the conditions established in current RCAs in order to retain operations in the Salar de Atacama. Exploration is routinely carried out within the established areas.
SQM leases an area of about 1,400 square kilometers with permission to extract brines from an area of 820 square kilometers with two core operations. It currently produces lithium at its southwest operation. The lease was signed in 1993 and expires on December 31, 2030.
The closest cities are Calama and Antofagasta, located 160 and 230 kilometers west of the site, respectively. From Calama, the road to the site is through Route R-23, and from Antofagasta, it is via Route B-385.
SQM’s mineral resource in the Salar de Atacama is constituted by in-situ brine within a porous media, and the resource estimate depends on the brine concentration, reservoir geometry, and drainable interconnected pore volume. Within SQM’s concessions, the lithium and potassium resources were estimated based on extensive exploration and many depth-specific samples from each unit.
The geology in the Salar de Atacama is characterized by Paleozoic to Holocene igneous and sedimentary rocks, as well as recent unconsolidated clastic deposits and evaporitic sequences. The salt flat itself resides in a tectonic basin of recent compressive-transpressive behavior and is bounded by high angle reverse and strike-slip faults. The Salar de Atacama surface is constituted by recent evaporitic deposits, where over time the process of evaporation has precipitated salts, and surficial clastic sediments are found mainly along the salt flat margins. The salt crust is mainly composed of halite, sulfates, and occasional organic matter, with alluvial facies in the peripheral zones. Evaporitic and clastic deposits within the salt flat host brine with depth and are delimitated and cut by local fault systems; several structural blocks have been identified due to recent fault displacement.
The salar system of the Salar de Atacama basin is typical of a mature salar, with a nucleus constituted by a thick section of halite (>90%) with sulfate and a minor percentage of clastic sediments, as well as some interbedded clay sediments and sulfates over a surface area of 1,100 square kilometers and down to a depth of 900 meters. Within SQM’s concessions, mineralization includes lithium and potassium-rich brine in porous media of distinct zones and depths of the Salar de Atacama nucleus.
Facilities
Our facilities at the Salar de Atacama are located 210 kilometers to the east of the city of Antofagasta and 190 kilometers to the southeast of the city of María Elena. At this site we use brines extracted from the salar to produce potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and lithium chloride solutions, which are subsequently sent to the lithium carbonate plant at our Lithium chemical facility for processing. The main production plants at this site include the solar evaporations ponds systems, the potassium chloride flotation plants (MOP-H I and II), the potassium carnallite plants (PC I and PC I extension), the potassium sulfate flotation plant (SOP-H), the potassium chloride drying plant (Dual Plant or MOP-S), the potassium chloride compacting plant (MOP-G3), the potassium sulfate drying plant (SOP-S) and the potassium sulfate compacting plant (SOP-G). The energy used consists primarily of solar energy, as well as electricity, fuel and gas sources.
Our Lithium Chemical production facility site is located approximately 20 kilometers east of Antofagasta. The production plants at this facility include the lithium carbonate plant, with a production capacity of 200,000 tons per year, and the lithium hydroxide plant, with a production capacity of 30,000 tons per year. Lithium chloride (LiCl) solution is concentrated and purified in the lithium chemical plants through stages of contaminant removal (specifically boron, magnesium and calcium content) and conversion reaction to produce: technical grade lithium carbonate; battery grade lithium carbonate; technical grade lithium hydroxide; and battery grade lithium hydroxide. Electricity and natural gas are the main sources of energy for the operations of our Lithium Chemical production facility.
The following table provides a summary of our Salar de Atacama production facilities as of December 31, 2023:
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| Facility |
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Type of Facility |
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Approximate
Size
(hectares) (1)
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Nominal Production
Capacity
(thousands of metric
tons/year)
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Weighted
Average
Age
(years) (2)
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Gross Book
Value
(millions of US$) (2)
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Salar de Atacama |
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Potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, lithium chloride, and boric acid production |
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35,911 |
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Lithium sulfate: 90 Potassium chloride: 2,680 Potassium sulfate: 245 Boric acid: 15 |
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17.64 |
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1,697.3 |
Lithium Chemical production facility, Antofagasta |
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Lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide production |
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126 |
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Lithium carbonate: 200 Lithium hydroxide: 30 |
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8.30 |
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1,051.6 |
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(1)Approximate size considers both the production facilities and the mine for the Salar de Atacama. Mining areas are those authorized for exploitation by the environmental authority and/or Sernageomin.
(2)Weighted average age and gross book value correspond to production facilities, excluding the mine, for the Salar de Atacama.
We directly or indirectly through subsidiaries own, lease or hold concessions over the facilities at which we carry out our operations. Such facilities are free of any material liens, pledges or encumbrances, and we believe they are suitable and adequate for the business we conduct in them.
Extraction Yields
The following table shows certain operating data relating to each of our Salar de Atacama operations for 2023, 2022 and 2021:
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2023 |
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2022 |
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2021 |
Salar de Atacama (1) |
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Metric tons of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium salts produced |
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1,208 |
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984 |
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1,407 |
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Metric tons of dry lithium sulfate produced |
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51.1 |
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18.9 |
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— |
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Lithium Chemical production facility (1) |
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| Metric tons of lithium carbonate produced |
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165.5 |
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152.5 |
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108.4 |
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(1)Lithium carbonate is produced from concentrated lithium chloride solution obtained at the Salar de Atacama and processed at our Lithium Chemical production facility near Antofagasta. Potassium salts include synthetic sylvinite produced in the plant and other harvested potassium salts (natural sylvinite, carnallites and harvests from plant ponds) that are sent to Coya Sur for the production of crystallized nitrates.
Reserves and Resources
The mineral reserve was estimated for potassium and lithium dissolved in brines of the Salar de Atacama considering modifying factors for converting mineral resources to mineral reserves, including the production wellfield design and efficiency, pumping scheme, and recovery factors for lithium and potassium. The projected future brine extraction was simulated using a flow and solute transport model. Numerical modeling was supported by a detailed calibration process and hydrogeological, geological, and hydrochemical data within the exploitation concessions. Based on the current SQM production wellfield, which corresponds to the effective date of mineral resource and reserve declaration that is most representative of 2023, we estimate that our proven and probable reserves of lithium and potassium are as follows:
Salar de Atacama—Summary of Mineral Reserves, Considering Process Recoveries (Effective December 31, 2023)(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6)
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Brine Volume
(Million cubic meters) |
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Amount
(Million metric tons) |
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Grades/Qualities
(wt.%) |
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Cut-off
grades
(wt.%) |
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Metallurgical
recovery (%) |
| Lithium |
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Proven mineral reserves (Years 1-3) |
104 |
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0.13 |
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0.20 |
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0.05 |
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52 |
Probable mineral reserves (Years 4-7) |
107 |
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0.14 |
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0.20 |
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0.05 |
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52 |
| Total mineral reserves |
211 |
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0.27 |
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0.20 |
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0.05 |
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52 |
| Potassium |
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Proven mineral reserves (Years 1-3) |
104 |
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2.20 |
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2.31 |
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1.00 |
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74 |
Probable mineral reserves (Years 4-7) |
107 |
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2.12 |
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2.16 |
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1.00 |
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74 |
| Total mineral reserves |
211 |
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4.32 |
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2.24 |
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1.00 |
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74 |
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(1)The process efficiency is based on the type of extracted brine at each well over the course of the simulation, the average process efficiency over the entire LoM is approximately 52% for lithium and approximately 74% for potassium.
(2)The values in the “Amount” column correspond to contained metallic lithium (LME) and potassium.
(3)The average lithium and potassium concentration is weighted by the simulated extraction rates in each well
(4)Comparisons of values may not add due to rounding of numbers and the differences caused by averaging
(5)The mineral resource and reserve estimate considers a 0.05% w/w cut-off grade for lithium based on the cost of generating lithium product, lithium carbonate sales, and the respective cost margin. Based on historical lithium prices from 2010 and the forecast to 2040, a projected lithium carbonate price of US$11,000 per metric ton with the corresponding cost and profit margin is considered with a small increase to accommodate the evaporation area and use of additives. A similar analysis was undertaken for potassium where the cut-off grade of 1% w/w has been set by SQM based on respective costs, sales, and margin.
(6)This reserve estimate considers the modifying factors of converting mineral resources to mineral reserves, including the production wellfield design and efficiency, as well as environmental and process recovery factors. The reserve estimate also considers the expiry of the Corfo Agreements in 2030 (end of LoM). The QP for the Mineral Reserves is Rodrigo Riquelme.
Production well locations are based on the Measured and Indicated Resource zones. Due to the mixing of brines over time, hydrogeological processes, and pumping effects, the mineral reserve was classified based on time:
•Proven Reserves were specified for the first three years of the simulation given that the model is adequately calibrated to the 2015-2020 period, and the initial portion of the projected simulation has higher confidence due to less expected short-term changes in pumping, conceptual hydraulic parameters, and the water balance, among other factors.
•Probable Reserves were conservatively assigned for the last four years of the simulation considering that the numerical model will be continually improved and recalibrated in the future due to potential medium to long term changes in neighboring pumping, conceptual hydraulic parameters, and the water balance, among other factors.
Probable reserves and inferred resources are being continually explored in order to be able to reclassify them as proven reserves and indicated or measured resources, respectively. This exploration includes systematic packer testing, chemical brine sampling, and long-term pilot production pumping tests.
Complementing the reserve information, SQM has an environmental impact assessment (RCA 226/06) which defines a maximum brine extraction until the end of the Corfo Agreements (December 31, 2030). Considering the authorized maximum net brine production rates under RCA 226/06 and voluntary reduction plan announced by SQM, which is characterized by a reduction in future pumping from 1,166 L/s to 822 L/s during the 7-year LoM, a total of approximately 211 million cubic meters of brine will be extracted from the producing wells, corresponding to 0.27 million metric tons of lithium.
The lithium and potassium resource were classified into three categories (Measured, Indicated, Inferred) according to the amount of information from the hydrogeological units, as well as geostatistical criteria. Hydrogeological knowledge was prioritized as the first classification criterion based on exploration, monitoring, and historical production data, while geostatistical variables were used as a secondary criterion. We estimate that our lithium and potassium resources as of December 31, 2020, which we also consider as an adequate representation of December 31, 2023, are as follows:
Salar de Atacama—Summary of Mineral Resources, Exclusive of Mineral Reserves (Effective December 31, 2023) (1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7)
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Brine Volume
(Million metric
cubes) |
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Amount
(Million metric
tons) |
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Grades/Qualities
(wt.%) |
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Cut-off grades
(wt.%) |
| Lithium |
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| Measured mineral resources |
2,254 |
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5.4 |
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0.20 |
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0.05 |
| Indicated mineral resources |
1,435 |
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2.8 |
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0.16 |
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0.05 |
| Measured + Indicated mineral resources |
3,689 |
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8.2 |
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0.18 |
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0.05 |
| Inferred mineral resources |
1,614 |
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2.6 |
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0.13 |
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0.05 |
| Potassium |
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| Measured mineral resources |
2,254 |
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49.8 |
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1.80 |
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1.00 |
| Indicated mineral resources |
1,435 |
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30.0 |
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1.70 |
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1.00 |
| Measured + Indicated mineral resources |
3,689 |
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79.8 |
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1.77 |
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1.00 |
| Inferred mineral resources |
1,614 |
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34.9 |
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1.77 |
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1.00 |
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(1)Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that all or any part of the mineral resource will be converted into mineral reserves upon the application of modifying factors.
(2)Mineral resources are reported as in-situ and exclusive of mineral reserves, where the estimated mineral reserve without processing losses during the reported LoM (A direct correlation between proven reserves and measured resources, as well as probable reserves and indicated resources was assumed.
(3)Effective porosity was utilized to estimate the drainable brine volume based on the measurement techniques of the SQM porosity laboratory (Gas Displacement Pycnometer). The QP considers that the high frequency sampling of effective porosity, its large dataset, and general lack of material where specific retention can be dominant permits effective porosity to be a reasonable parameter for the resource estimate.
(4)The values in the “Amount” column correspond to contained metallic lithium (LME) and potassium.
(5)Comparison of values may not add due to the rounding of numbers and differences caused by averaging.
(6)The mineral resource and reserve estimate considers a 0.05% w/w cut-off grade for lithium based on the cost of generating lithium product, lithium carbonate sales, and the respective cost margin. Based on historical lithium prices from 2010 and the forecast to 2040, a projected lithium carbonate price of US$11,000 per metric ton with the corresponding cost and profit margin is considered with a small increase to accommodate the evaporation area and use of additives. A similar analysis was undertaken for potassium where the cut-off grade of 1% w/w has been set by SQM based on respective costs, sales, and margin.
(7)Juan Becerra is the QP responsible for the Mineral Resources.
Because both lithium and potassium are extracted from the same brines from the Salar de Atacama, the following discussion of changes in mineral reserves and resources in the Salar de Atacama apply to both lithium and potassium. The Salar de Atacama brine proven mineral reserves of 104 million cubic meters at December 31, 2023 decreased by 27% from 143 million cubic meters at December 31, 2022. The Salar de Atacama brine probable mineral reserves of 107 million cubic meters at December 31, 2023 remained unchanged from the amounts at December 31, 2022. The Salar de Atacama brine measured, indicated and inferred mineral resources, exclusive of reserves, of 2,254 million cubic meters, 1,435 million cubic meters and 1,614 million cubic meters at December 31, 2023, respectively, remained unchanged from the amounts at December 31, 2022 because the mineral resource exclusive of mineral reserve represents the resource in place after LoM, and none of the mineral resource declared in 2022 has been converted to mineral reserves.
The information presented in the tables above for Salar de Atacama were validated by the following QPs:
Mr. Rodrigo Riquelme Tapia is a Mining Engineer. He is currently partner and General Manager of GeoInnova, located at Antonio Bellet 444, Of. 1301, Providencia, Metropolitan Region, Chile. He has worked as a mining engineer for more than 23 years after graduation, of which 17 have been focused on resource and reserve estimation topics. Mr. Riquelme has been an external consultant for SQM since 2018, and visited the site in 2019 and 2023. Mr. Riquelme is a QP as defined in subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K and is registered under No. 50 in the Public Registry of QPs in Mining Resources and Reserves, in accordance with the Law for QPs and its current regulation in Chile.
Dr. Juan Becerra is a geologist, with an MSc and PhD in geology, with more than 14 years of experience in exploration, regional geology, structural geology, modeling and estimation of Li, K and REE resources. He is a QP, as defined in subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K, and has been registered since 2023 under No. 0480 in the Public Registry of QPs in Mining Resources and Reserves, in compliance with the Law for QPs and its current regulation in Chile. He is also a member (No. 699) of the College of Geologists, and has participated in the evaluation of lithium projects and the preparation of technical reports following national (CH20235) and international (S-K1300, CRIRSCO) regulations, standards and codes. He has published and participated in multiple scientific contributions, and has also supervised undergraduate and postgraduate theses. Currently, he works as Superintendent of Geology at SQM Salar S.A., where he leads a multidisciplinary team of technicians and professionals focused on the exploration and evaluation of lithium projects.
Mining Concessions for the Exploitation of Brines at the Salar de Atacama
As of December 31, 2023, our subsidiary SQM Salar held exclusive rights to exploit the mineral resources in an area covering approximately 140,000 hectares of land in the Salar de Atacama in northern Chile, of which SQM Salar is only entitled to exploit the mineral resources in 81,920 hectares. These rights are owned by Corfo and leased to SQM Salar pursuant to the Corfo Agreements. Corfo cannot unilaterally amend the Corfo Agreements, and the rights to exploit the resources cannot be transferred. The Corfo Agreements provides for SQM Salar to (i) make quarterly lease payments to Corfo based on product sales from leased mining properties and annual contributions to research and development, to local communities, to the Antofagasta Regional Government and to the municipalities of San Pedro de Atacama, María Elena and Antofagasta, (ii) maintain Corfo’s rights over the Mining Exploitation Concessions and (iii) make annual payments to the Chilean government for such concession rights. The Corfo Agreements were entered into in 1993 and expire on December 31, 2030.
Under the terms of the Corfo Agreements, Corfo has agreed that it will not permit any other person to explore, exploit or mine any mineral resources in the approximately 140,000 hectares area of the Salar de Atacama mentioned above.
SQM Salar holds an additional 242,868 hectares of constituted Mining Exploitation Concessions in areas near the Salar de Atacama, which correspond to mining reserves that have not been exploited. SQM Salar also holds Mining Exploitation Concessions that are in the process of being granted covering 11,000 hectares in areas near the Salar de Atacama.
In addition, as of December 31, 2023, SQM Salar held Mining Exploration Concessions covering approximately 400 hectares and has applied for additional Mining Exploration Concessions covering approximately 2,900 hectares. Exploration rights are valid for a period of two years, after which we can (i) request a Mining Exploitation Concession for the land, (ii) request an extension of the Mining Exploration Concession for an additional two years (the extension only applies to a reduced surface area equal to 50% of the initial area) or (iii) allow the concession to expire. Additionally, the current modifications to the Mining Code under Law 21,420 and others, modified the validity of the exploration concessions, which will be four years, allowing the validity to be extended for up to four more years for a single time if geological information is delivered as a result of the exploration or if an RCA has been obtained or an admissible project has been entered into the Environmental Impact Assessment System.
According to the terms of the Corfo Agreements, with respect to lithium production, the Chilean Commission on Nuclear Energy (CCHEN) established a total accumulated extraction limit set as amended by the Corfo Arbitration Agreement in January 2018, up to 349,553 metric tons of lithium metallic equivalent (1,860,670 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent), which is in addition to the approximately 64,816 metric tons of lithium metallic equivalent (345,015 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent) remaining from the originally authorized amount in the aggregate for all periods while the Corfo Agreements are in force. As of December 31, 2023, only seven years remain on the term of the Corfo Agreements. See “Item10.C. Material Contracts – Corfo Agreements.”
The environmental permit Resolución de Calificación Ambiental (RCA No. 226/2006, issued on October 19th, 2006, by COREMA (Comisión Regional del Medio Ambiente or Regional Environmental Commission) authorizes SQM to extract brines via pumping wells from two areas in the western and southwestern portions of the areas defined in the Corfo Agreements. SQM refers to these brine extraction areas as AAE zones (Áreas Autorizadas para la Extracción or Authorized Areas of Extraction), and they are further divided based on the products historically generated in each sector: (i) The northern portion is denominated the AAE-SOP, where “SOP” signifies sulfato de potasio (potassium sulfate product), and it covers a surface area of 10,512 hectares which is equivalent to 29.27% of the total AAE area; (ii) the southern portion is referred to as AAE-MOP, where “MOP” indicates muriato de potasio (potassium chloride product), covering a surface area of 25,399 hectares that is equivalent to 70.73% of the total AAE area.
SQM routinely carries out exploration activities within the areas involved in the Corfo Agreements and authorized by the Environmental Permits. These are aimed at maintaining the amount of wells needed for production.
The water that SQM uses for its mineral production in the Salar de Atacama is obtained from wells located in the alluvial aquifer on the eastern edge of the Salar de Atacama, for which the company has rights to use groundwater as well as the corresponding environmental authorization (RCA No. 226/2006). As part of the voluntary sustainability commitment assumed by SQM in 2020, the Company will reduce its water consumption by up to 50% in 2030.
SQM’s operations are subject to certain risk factors that may affect the business, financial conditions, cash flow, or SQM’s operational results, such as: the potential inability to extend or renew mineral exploitation rights in the Salar de Atacama beyond the defined expiration date (December 31, 2030) in the Corfo Agreements; risks related to being a company based in Chile; potential political risks as well as changes to the Chilean Constitution and legislation may affect development plans, production levels, and costs; and risks related to financial markets.
Mt. Holland Lithium Project, Australia
The Mt. Holland project is an integrated lithium project in Western Australia consisting of (i) an open pit mine and lithium concentrator operation, at Mt. Holland, 120 kilometers southeast of Southern Cross, and (ii) a lithium hydroxide (LiOH) refinery located in the Town of Kwinana, 26.5 kilometers from the port of Fremantle, from where the LiOH will be shipped.
The project is an unincorporated joint venture in which SQM owns 50% and Wesfarmers Limited, through a wholly owned subsidiary, owns the remaining 50% and is managed by Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd, an entity owned 50% by SQM and 50% by Wesfarmers.
The project is accessed by land using the Parker Range Road and Marvel Loch-Forrestania road, which are an all-season gravel road. The Parker Range road is connected to the Great Eastern Highway which is a paved road with connectivity to Southern Cross, Kalgoorlie and Perth. Also, the project has its own access by air using an airstrip and infrastructure in the southern part of the mine.
The Project comprises:
•An open pit mining operation centered on the Earl Grey hard rock lithium deposit at Mt. Holland, approximately 100 kilometers south of Southern Cross in Western Australia and 500 kilometers east of Perth.
•A spodumene concentrator facility located at the Mt. Holland site with a nominal production capacity of 383,000 metric tons per annum of dry spodumene concentrate at a grade of 5.5 per cent Li2O.
•A refinery in development, located in the Kwinana industrial precinct approximately 45 kilometers south of Perth, with the capacity to produce 50,000 metric tons per annum of battery-grade lithium hydroxide product (LiOH) for export globally.
•The non-process infrastructure (NPI) required to support the Mt. Holland and Kwinana sites including roads, buildings, accommodation and the provision of logistics and utilities.
The rare-element pegmatite potential of the Forrestania Greenstone Belt (FGB) was first recognized in the mid 1970’s when a small, complex lepidolite-type pegmatite was discovered during nickel exploration. This pegmatite produced small quantities of tantalum and gem quality elbaite (rubellite) and beryl (morganite). Narrow spodumene-bearing pegmatites have been proven several kilometers to the north.
No systematic exploration for rare-element pegmatites had been undertaken in the district since the discovery of the rubellite and tantalum-bearing gem pegmatite in the early 1970s. Following the acquisition of the Project from the administrators of Convergent Minerals, Kidman Resources Limited ("Kidman Resources") undertook a high-level review of the region which led to the discovery of the Bounty and Earl Grey pegmatites.
Exploration by Kidman Resources beginning in 2016 defined numerous occurrences of rare element pegmatites across the FGB. By far the most significant of these corresponds to the Mt. Holland (Earl Grey) Deposit. Albite-spodumene type pegmatites have been encountered at Bounty and Blue Vein. Albite-type pegmatites have been proven at Prince of Wales. Complex spodumene and lepidolite type pegmatites have been determined at Blue Vein, Mt Hope and South Holland (Kidman Resources, 2018).
On September 11, 2017, Kidman Resources and SQM entered into an asset sale agreement, pursuant to which SQM acquired its interest in the tenements for a total investment of US$110 million, consisting of an initial payment of US$25 million and a deferred payment of US$85 million, both payments subject to certain preceding conditions. All payments were completed by December 2018. Pursuant to the asset sale agreement, the parties agreed to form an unincorporated joint venture to mine and process spodumene ore into spodumene concentrate or lithium hydroxide. The Mt. Holland JV was established by the unincorporated joint venture agreement dated December 21, 2017, between SQM Australia and MH Gold, a then wholly owned subsidiary of Kidman Resources. Wesfarmers acquired Kidman Resources in 2019, which resulted in Wesfarmers taking over Kidman Resources’ interest in the Mt. Holland JV on September 23, 2019.
SQM and Wesfarmers announced a positive investment decision in February 2021 following the completion of a feasibility study by Covalent. The project commenced mining activities in the first quarter of 2022, with first ore mined in the fourth quarter of 2022, and the concentrator finished construction and commenced ramp up of production in 2023. The refinery is in construction with an expected completion date during the first half of 2025.
The Mt. Holland project is focused on the exploitation of the spodumene hosted lithium resource in the Earl Grey pegmatite group. The Earl Grey pegmatite group consists of a main tabular pegmatite body, flanked by numerous minor dikes at both its top and bottom. The pegmatite field covers an area of up to 1 x 2 square kilometers and a thickness of up to 100 meters. The pegmatites become progressively narrower and branched to the south and east of the main pegmatite until the main body divides into several narrower dikes. Isolated box rock enclaves are sporadically found within the pegmatite body.
The pegmatites have an approximate strike of 210° to 220° and dip of 5° to 15° to the northwest. At their western margin, the pegmatites appear to be affected by gentle folding. The dip of the pegmatites is variable, with the pegmatite steepening from sub-horizontal in the south to 10° to 15° to the northwest north of the Earl Grey gold pit.
Lithium mineralization within the fresh pegmatite is zoned, and primarily controlled by the dominant mineralogy; spodumene and petalite dominated assemblages are enriched compared to altered (cookeite) and Li-absent assemblages. Li2O % mineralization is depleted in weathered pegmatite.
Extensive exploration supports the characterization of the Earl Grey pegmatite, as the resource and reserve estimation, and it is comprised of surface mapping and extensive subsurface drilling carried out on the property in consideration that the pegmatite is not outcropping in the area. Exploration has predominantly been carried out by Kidman Resources since 2016, for the discovery and resource definition. Since 2020, Covalent has conducted additional diamond drilling for metallurgical sampling, grade control drilling campaigns and improvement definition of the orebody geometry in the proposed starter pit area.
Most of the exploration holes present at Earl Grey have been drilled using standard reverse circulation ("RC") drilling techniques. Diamond drilling comprises boreholes with diameters of 47.6mm, 50.5mm, 63.5mm and 85mm, which are drilled for geological, metallurgical and geotechnical purposes. Recoveries for RC drilling range from 70-90% in this geological/geomorphological setting. The recoveries for diamond drilling are in the order of 95-100%. Recoveries diminish where shear zones or other structural disturbances have been crossed. The orientation of the boreholes is at relatively sharp angles (less than 90º) and, therefore, the intersected length is not considered as a representation of the true thickness of the pegmatite; its real thickness is determined through geological models.
Resource drilling was initially conducted on broad exploration grids to determine the extent of mineralization. This was followed by a drill program on a 50 by 50 meter grid to support the resource estimate. Through the development of the Project in 2020, the first stages of the open pit were defined, and the drilling program was designed for grade control based on higher density and geostatistical criteria. This information provides the design of the mine during the initial years of commissioning and supports the current definition of resources and reserves.
Facilities
The Mt. Holland project is an integrated lithium project in Western Australia consisting of (i) an open-pit mine on the Earl Grey hard rock lithium deposit and a spodumene concentrator comprised of DMS and flotation circuits, 120 kilometers southeast of Southern Cross, and (ii) a lithium hydroxide (LiOH) refinery, located in the town of Kwinana, 26.5 kilometers from the Port of Fremantle, from where the battery-grade LiOH product will be shipped. The concentrator at Mt. Holland site has a nominal production capacity of 383,000 dry tons per annum concentrate at a grade of 5.5 per cent lithium oxide matching the refinery feed requirements. The refinery in Kwinana has the capacity to produce 50,000 tons per annum of battery-grade lithium hydroxide.
The Mt. Holland project focuses on the extraction and beneficiation of spodumene reserves in the Earl Grey pegmatite group. The deposit consists of a main body of thick tabular pegmatites, which become progressively narrower and branch to the south and east of the main pegmatite until the main body splits into several narrower dikes. Sporadically, isolated box rock enclaves are found within the pegmatite body.
First ore from the pit was mined in 2022, and the concentrator started its commissioning in the third quarter of 2023. First concentrate production of both circuits was achieved in the last quarter of 2023, and the first spodumene concentrate shipment is expected to happen in the first half of 2024. As of December 2023, the construction of the concentrator plant has been completed and the refinery is in the midst of construction.
The following table provides a summary of our Australian production facilities as of December 31, 2023:
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| Facility |
Type of Facility |
Approximate size (hectares)(1) |
Nominal Production Capacity (thousands of metric tons/year) |
Weighted Average (years)(2) |
Gross Book Value (millions of US$)(2) |
| Mt. Holland |
Mine and concentrator producing 5.5% spodumene concentrate and lithium hydroxide production |
4,646.0 |
Spodumene concentrate: 383 Lithium hydroxide: 50 |
0 |
753.4 |
(1) Approximate size considers both the production facilities and the mining, exploration, miscellaneous and general purpose leases for Mt. Holland, where the mine, concentrator and NPI facilities reside, and the Kwinana refinery.
(2) Weighted average age and gross book value correspond to SQM’s 50% share of production facilities for Mt. Holland assets and Kwinana refinery.
Extraction Yields
The following table shows operating data relating to the Mt. Holland operations during 2023, 2022 and 2021:
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| (in thousands, unless otherwise stated) |
|
2023 |
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2022 |
|
2021 |
Mt. Holland |
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Spodumene concentrate produced (dry metric tons) |
|
15.0 |
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0.0 |
|
0.0 |
Reserves and Resources
Mt. Holland—Summary of Mineral Reserves at the End of the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023(1),(2)
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Amount |
|
Grades/Qualities |
|
Cut-off
grades |
|
Metallurgical recovery |
|
Total
Mton |
|
SQM Attributable
MTon |
|
Li2O % |
|
Li2O % |
|
% |
| Proven mineral reserves |
21.3 |
|
10.7 |
|
1.55 |
|
0.5 |
|
75% Concentrator: 85% Refinery |
| Probable mineral reserves |
62.4 |
|
31.2 |
|
1.57 |
|
0.5 |
|
75% Concentrator: 85% Refinery |
| Proven in Stockpiles |
0.2 |
|
0.1 |
|
1.45 |
|
0.5 |
|
75% Concentrator: 85% Refinery |
| Total mineral reserves |
83.9 |
|
42.0 |
|
1.57 |
|
0.5 |
|
75% Concentrator: 85% Refinery |
________________________________________________
(1)Mineral reserve tonnage and grade have been rounded to reflect the accuracy of the estimate, and numbers may not add due to rounding. Metallurgical processes are designed for a nominal 2Mpta ore feed. Process recovery to concentrate is estimated at 75% for lithium oxide for predominantly spodumene mineralization and 0% for other mineralization types. Refinery process recovery is estimated at 85%. Tantalum recovery is estimated at 0%. A total operating cost of US$4,979 per metric ton for LiOH production was considered in the reserve evaluation. The price, cost, and mass yield parameters, along with the internal constraints of the current operations, result in mineral reserves cut-off grade of 0.5% lithium oxide based on a selling lithium hydroxide price of US$11,000 per metric ton. David Billington is the QP responsible for the mineral reserves estimate with an effective date: December 15, 2021. The current reserve statement is a depletion of the previous reserve model compiled by the QP David Billington. The depletion completed by Covalent interrogated the 2022 reserve model against the topographical surface surveys completed on December 27, 2023, and subtracted the additional 5 days of production to December 31, 2023. The declared reserves include ore stockpiles as of December 31, 2023. No material changes since that date.
(2)An error was identified in the 2022 calculations resulting in a minor change to the reported Proven and Probable Li2O% grades for 2023, but did not impact total reserves.
Mt. Holland—Summary of Mineral Resources Exclusive of Mineral Reserves at the End of the
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023(1),(2)
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Amount |
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Resources
Grades/Qualities |
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Cut-off
grades |
|
Metallurgical recovery |
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Total
Mton |
|
SQM Attributable
MTon |
|
Li2O % |
|
Li2O % |
|
% |
| Measured Mineral Resources |
27.0 |
|
13.5 |
|
1.58 |
|
0.50 |
|
75% |
| Indicated Mineral Resources |
61.0 |
|
30.5 |
|
1.45 |
|
0.50 |
|
75% |
| Measured + Indicated Mineral Resources |
88.0 |
|
44.0 |
|
1.49 |
|
0.50 |
|
75% |
| Inferred Mineral Resources |
7.0 |
|
3.5 |
|
1.38 |
|
0.50 |
|
75% |
________________________________________________
(1)Mineral resource tonnage and contained metal have been rounded to reflect the accuracy of the estimate, and numbers may not add due to rounding. Mineral resources are reported exclusive of mineral reserves. Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. Resources have been reported as in situ (hard rock within optimized pit shell). Pit optimization and economics for derivation of cut-off grade include mine gate pricing of US$800 per metric ton of 6% Li2O concentrate, AU$19 per bcm mining cost (LoM average cost-variable by depth), AU$65 processing cost per ton. Mining dilution set at 5% and recovery at 95%. Royalty fees 5%. The optimization considered for the concentrator is 75%. Costs estimated in Australian Dollars were converted to US Dollars based on an exchange rate of 0.75AU$:1.00US$. These economics define a cut-off grade of 0.50% lithium oxide. Kerry Griffin is the QP responsible for the mineral resource estimate with an effective date: October 6, 2021. No material changes since that date.
(2)Note some differences may occur due to rounding.
A depletion exercise of the mineral resources and reserves was completed by Covalent and reviewed by SQM. The depletion of the mineral resource was completed by interrogating the 2022 mineral resource model against the final mine topography surface surveyed on the December 27, 2023, then subtracted 5 days of production to December 31, 2023 from the remaining resource. It was found that there was no depletion of the previously reported mineral resource exclusive of mineral reserves.
Depletion of the mineral reserves was completed by interrogating the 2022 reserve model against the end of year mine surface, surveyed on December 27, 2023 then subtracted 5 days of production to December 31, 2023 from the remaining reserve, and validated against material movements. Ore stockpiles totaling 0.2 metric tons were accounted for as part of the mineral reserves inventory, resulting in the depletion of 0.2 metric tons of reserves, of which 0.1 metric tons was attributable to SQM. There was some additional material processed that was outside of the 2022 reserve model. This was a combination of additional ore material identified during the grade control modelling and mining processes and the use of some transitional material for the commissioning of the concentrator.
As a result of a depletion exercise, the Mt. Holland lithium project proven and probable mineral reserves attributable to SQM totaled 10.7 million metric tons and 31.2 million metric tons as of December 31, 2023, respectively. The Mt. Holland lithium project measured, indicated and inferred mineral resources, exclusive of reserves, of 13.5 million metric tons, 30.5 million metric tons and 3.5 million tons as of December 31, 2023, respectively, remained unchanged from the amounts as of December 31, 2021.
The information presented in the tables above (Mt. Holland project) has been validated by the following QPs:
Mr. David Billington is a mining engineer with a BE in Mining, he has over 35 years of experience in mine planning, mine operations and management and project evaluation and consulting, for different commodities (Li, Ta, Sn, Fe2O3, Au, Cu, REE). As a mining engineer, he has worked at pegmatite projects producing Lithium for 10 years and evaluated multiple lithium pegmatite projects. He is a member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AUSIMM), 109676. He meets the experience criteria as competent person for Ore Reserves is style of mineralization as set out by the AUSIMM’s Joint Ore Reserve Committee (JORC). He is a QP as defined by subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K. Mr. Billington is a former employee of Covalent Lithium, a joint venture between SQM and Wesfarmers Ltd, and a current employee of Mining Plus Ltd through which he provides consulting services to Covalent Lithium. He is responsible for the reserve estimation for the Mt. Holland lithium project.
Mr. Kerry Griffin is a qualified Geologist and has over 30 years of extensive hands-on experience in mine geology, mine development and management, designing and managing large scale exploration and resource drilling programs, resource modelling and estimation, the management and training of geological/technical teams in Australia, Africa, South/Central America, Central and SE Asia including more than 24 years in senior or management positions. His experience in lithium pegmatites includes exploration, resource development and mining in Australia, Southern Africa, and South America and as such, Mr. Griffin meets the experience criteria as a competent person for Ore Resources in this style of mineralization as set out by the AUSIMM’s Joint Ore Reserve Committee (JORC). He is a Qualified Person as defined by subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K. He is a current member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (3521) and the Society of Economic Geology. Mr. Griffin was employed by Mining Plus Ltd when the resource estimates were calculated. He is currently employed by Global Commodity Solutions. He is responsible for the resource estimation for the Mt. Holland Lithium Project.
Mr. Andrés Fock is a Geologist and MSC in Geology, with 18 years of experience in project evaluation, resource estimation, exploration and geostatistics, for different commodities such as lithium, potassium, nitrates, iodine, copper and rare earth elements. Since 2019, he is a QP as defined in subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K and is registered with No. 0388 in the Public Registry of QPs in Mining Resources and Reserves, in accordance with the Law for QPs and its current regulation in Chile. As a geologist, he has evaluated multiple lithium brine and lithium bearing pegmatite projects. Mr. Fock acted as project manager during preparation of the Technical Report Summary for the Mt. Holland Project. Mr. Fock is an employee of SQM.
Mining Rights
The Mt. Holland lithium Mine and Concentrator operation is spread across three core mining tenements (M77/1065, M77/1066 and M77/1080), as well as exploration licenses, general purpose licenses and miscellaneous licenses (Project Tenements), covering an approximate area of 4,606 hectares.
The majority of the project properties are currently registered in equal parts to MH Gold, an affiliate of Wesfarmers, and SQM Australia, an affiliate of SQM. The project is a joint venture, in which SQM owns 50% and Wesfarmers owns the remaining 50% (the “Mt. Holland Joint Venture”), and is managed by Covalent, an entity owned 50% by SQM and 50% by Wesfarmers. Covalent is neither the registered owner nor the applicant of the project properties under the Mining Act of WA.
Transportation and Storage Facilities
The transportation of our products is carried out by trucks that are operated by dedicated third parties through long-term contracts. Furthermore, we own port and storage facilities for the transportation and management of finished products and consumable materials.
Our main centers for the production and storage of raw materials are the facilities in Nueva Victoria, Coya Sur and Salar de Atacama in Chile and Mt. Holland in Australia. Other facilities include chemical plants for the finished products of lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide at our Lithium Chemical production facility near the city of Antofagasta, Chile, the Mt Holland lithium hydroxide plant, which is currently under construction in Kwinana, Western Australia, and the Port of Tocopilla terminal in Chile, which is the principal facility for the storage and shipment of our bulk products and packaged potassium chloride (MOP), nitrates and lithium carbonate.
In Chile, the nitrate finished products are produced at our Coya Sur facilities and then transported via trucks to the Port of Tocopilla terminal where they are stored and shipped in bulk or packaged in polypropylene bags, polyethylene or polypropylene bags. The latter can also be transported and stored in an alternative port (Mejillones) for later shipment.
The potassium chloride is produced at our Salar de Atacama facilities and we transport it by truck, either to the Port of Tocopilla terminal, the Coya Sur facility or the alternative Port of Mejillones for its shipment. The product transported to Coya Sur is an intermediate product that is used as a raw material for the production of potassium nitrate. The product transported to the Port of Tocopilla or Mejillones is a final product that will be shipped or transported to the customer or affiliate. The nitrate raw material for the production of potassium nitrate in Coya Sur is currently produced at Nueva Victoria.
The lithium chloride solution, which contains a high concentration of boron, produced at our Salar de Atacama facilities, is transported to the lithium carbonate plant at our Lithium Chemical production facility area where the finished lithium carbonate is produced. Part of the lithium carbonate is provided to the adjacent lithium hydroxide plant where the finished lithium hydroxide is produced. These two products are packed in packaging of distinct characteristics such as polyethylene bags, multi-layer or polypropylene FIBC big bags, stored within the same facilities and secured in storerooms. Thereafter, they are consolidated into containers that are transported by trucks to a transit warehouse or directly to port terminals for their subsequent shipment. The port terminals used are currently suited to receive container ships and are situated in Antofagasta, Mejillones and Iquique. Lithium carbonate can also be transported in packaged format both to the Port of Tocopilla and to an alternative port (Mejillones) to be shipped in break bulk format.
Iodine obtained from the same caliche used for the production of nitrates, is processed, packaged and stored exclusively in the Pedro de Valdivia and Nueva Victoria facilities. The packaging used for iodine are drums and polypropylene FIBC big bags with an internal polyethylene bag and oxygen barrier, which are consolidated into containers and sent by truck to port terminals suited for their management, principally located in Antofagasta, Mejillones and Iquique. Thereafter, they are sent to distinct markets by container ship or by truck to Santiago where iodine derivatives are produced in the Ajay-SQM Chile plants. Drums and maxibags can also be transported on flat ramps to an alternative port (Mejillones) to be shipped in break bulk format.
In Australia, spodumene concentrate production from the Mt. Holland mine started in 2023. Until the completion of the lithium hydroxide refinery in Kwinana the concentrate will be trucked to a storage facility in Bunbury, approximately 500kilometers west of the Mt. Holland mine. At Bunbury, the product is distributed to both JV partners SQM and Wesfarmers, for them to follow their individual shipment and commercialization plans. For the ground logistics from Mt. Holland mine to Bunbury Port, bulk haulage operators are responsible to haul the spodumene concentrate via haul trucks on public road. The haulage operator has a certification awarded by Bureau Veritas for the provision of bulk haulage and warehouse services, transport of controlled waste dangerous goods, operation and maintenance of heavy vehicles in accordance with the requirements of the management system standards, ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 45001:2018.
In Chile, we own and operate the port and storage facilities at the Port of Tocopilla terminal for the transportation and management of finished products and consumable materials. The Port of Tocopilla terminal facilities cover approximately 22 hectares and are located approximately 186 kilometers north of Antofagasta, approximately 124 kilometers west of María Elena and Coya Sur and 372 kilometers to the west of Salar de Atacama. Our affiliate, Servicios Integrales de Tránsitos y Transferencias S.A. (SIT), operates facilities for the shipment of products and the delivery of certain raw materials based on renewable concessions granted by Chilean regulatory authorities, provided that the facilities are used in accordance with the authorization granted and we pay an annual concession fee. The facilities include a truck weighing machine that confirms product entry into the port and transfers the product to distinct storage zones, a piezometer within the shipping system to carry out bulk product loaded onto ships, a crane with a 40-ton capacity for the loading of sealed product onto ships and a nitrate mixing facility.
The storage facilities consist of a system of six silos, with a total storage capacity of 55,000 metric tons, and a mixed storage area of open and covered storehouses with a total storage capacity of approximately 250,000 metric tons. In addition, to fulfill future storage needs, we will continue to make investments in accordance with the investment plan outlined by management. The products are also put into bags at the Port of Tocopilla terminal facilities where the bagging capacity is established by two bag packaging machines, one for sacks and polypropylene FIBC big bags and one for FFS polyethylene. The products that are packaged in Tocopilla may be subsequently shipped at the same port or may also be consolidated into trucks or containers for its subsequent dispatch to clients by land or sea through containers from other ports, principally located in Antofagasta, Mejillones and Iquique.
For the transportation of bulk product, the transportation belt system extends across the coastline to deliver products directly to the hatches of bulk cargo ships. The nominal load capacity of this shipping system is 1,200 tons per hour. The transportation of packaged product is carried out utilizing the same bulk cargo ships using barges without motors located in the dock and loaded by a crane with a 40-ton capacity from the Port of Tocopilla terminal. Thereafter, they are towed and unloaded using ship cranes to the respective warehouses.
We normally contract bulk cargo ships to transfer the product from the Port of Tocopilla terminal to our hubs around the world or to clients directly, who, in certain instances, use their own contracted vessels for delivery.
Tocopilla processes related to the reception, handling, storage and shipment of bulk/packaged nitrates produced at Coya Sur are certified by the third-party organization TÜV-Rheinland under the quality standard ISO 9001:2015. The Port of Tocopilla has also Responsible Care, ISO 14000 and Ecoport certifications.
Computer System
We have a management information system (Enterprise resource planning or "ERP") that integrates and manages the company's administrative business and support processes: Finance, Accounting, Human Resources and Logistics (IT). The ERP and satellite systems are located in Chile. However, each subsidiary or commercial office has its own ERP which is then consolidated into the information system in Chile. In addition, we have industrial systems such as: plant operation, extraction and maintenance (OT) that are part of the operation.
The information system is mainly used for finance, accounting, human resources, supply and inventory tracking, billing, quality control, research activities and control of the production process and maintenance. The main data processing center is located in our offices in Santiago de Chile, Antofagasta and in our international subsidiaries, that are interconnected through the telecommunications network, data clouds and services.
The use of cloud technologies allows us to be compatible with new business processes and respond quickly and at low cost to the changing conditions of our business and the market.
To ensure the reliability of our client services, we have adopted an information security and cybersecurity framework based on international norms and standards. This information security framework is focused on the protection and safeguarding of critical business assets and requires a continuous work on raising the awareness among our users on the best uses of processes and technology.
Internal Controls
The preparation of mineral reserve and resource estimates is completed in accordance with our prescribed internal control procedures, which are designed specifically to ensure the reliability of such estimates presented herein. Annually, QPs and other employees review the estimates of mineral reserves and mineral resources, the supporting documentation, and compliance with applicable internal controls. Such controls employ management systems, standardized procedures, workflow processes, multi-functional supervision and management approval, internal and external reviews, reconciliations, and data security covering record keeping, chain of custody and data storage.
The internal controls for reserve and resource estimates also cover exploration activities, sample preparation and analysis, data verification, processing, metallurgical testing, recovery estimation, mine design and sequencing, and reserve and resource evaluations, with environmental, social and regulatory considerations. The quality assurance and control protocols over the assaying of drill hole samples are performed by reputable commercial laboratories following certification and accreditation programs established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or Australian National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA).
The reserve and resource estimates have inherent risks due to data accuracy, uncertainty from geological interpretation, mine plan assumptions, uncontrolled rights for mineral and surface properties, environmental challenges, uncertainty for future market supply and demand, and changes in laws and regulations. Management and QPs are aware of those risks that might directly impact the assessment of mineral reserves and resources. The current mineral reserves and resources are estimated based on the best information available and are subject to re-assessment when conditions change. Refer to Item 4A. “Risk Factors” for discussion of risks associated with the estimates of our mineral reserves and resources.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
The information in this Item 5 should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
5.A.Operating Results
Introduction
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain calculations (including percentages) that appear herein have been rounded.
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and presented in U.S. dollars.
We operate as an independent corporation.
Overview of Our Results of Operations
We divide our operations into the following business lines:
•the production and sale of specialty plant nutrients;
•the production and sale of iodine and its derivatives;
•the production and sale of lithium and its derivatives;
•the production and sale of potassium, including potassium chloride and potassium sulfate;
•the production and sale of industrial chemicals, principally industrial nitrates and solar salts; and
•the purchase and sale of other commodity fertilizers for use primarily in Chile.
We sell our products through three primary channels: our own sales offices, a network of distributors and, in the case of our fertilizer products, through third-party distribution network in countries where its presence and commercial infrastructure are larger than ours. Similarly, in those markets where our presence is larger, both our specialty plant nutrients and third-party products are marketed through our offices.
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Our results of operations substantially depend on:
•trends in demand for and supply of our products, including global economic conditions, which impact prices and sales volumes;
•efficient operations of our facilities, particularly as some of them run at production capacity;
•our ability to accomplish our capital expenditures program in a timely manner;
•the levels of our inventories;
•trends in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Chilean peso, as a significant portion of the cost of sales is in Chilean pesos, and trends in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the euro, as a significant portion of our sales is denominated in euros; and
•energy, logistics, raw materials, labor and maintenance costs.
Impact of Foreign Exchange Rates
We transact a significant portion of our business in U.S. dollars, which is the currency of the primary economic environment in which we operate and is our functional and presentation currency for financial reporting purposes. A significant portion of our costs is related to the Chilean peso as most of our operations occur in Chile, and therefore an increase or decrease in the exchange rate between the Chilean peso and the U.S. dollar affects our costs of production. Additionally, as an international company operating in Chile and several other countries, we transact a portion of our business and have assets and liabilities in Chilean pesos and other non-U.S. dollar currencies, such as the euro, the South African rand and the Mexican peso. As a result, fluctuations in the exchange rate of such currencies to the U.S. dollar may affect our financial condition and results of operations. See Note 24 to our consolidated financial statements.
We monitor and attempt to balance our non-U.S. dollar assets and liabilities position, including through foreign exchange contracts and other hedging instruments, to minimize our exposure to foreign exchange rate risk. As of December 31, 2023, for hedging purposes we had open contracts to buy U.S. dollars and sell Chinese yuan for approximately US$535.3 million (CNY3,819.3 million), to sell euros for approximately US$24.4 million (EUR22.0 million), and to sell South African rand for approximately US$21.7 million (ZAR 406.8 million), as well as forward exchange contracts to sell U.S. dollars and buy Chilean pesos for US$50.6 million (Ch$44,366.2 million). All of the UF 9.86 million outstanding principal amount of bonds issued in the Chilean market were hedged with cross-currency swaps to the U.S. dollar for approximately US$408.1 million as of December 31, 2023.
In addition, we had open forward exchange contracts to buy U.S. dollars and sell Chilean pesos to hedge our time deposits in Chilean pesos for approximately US$18.3 million (Ch$16,050.4 million).
The following table shows our revenues (in millions of US$) and the percentage of revenues accounted for by each of our product lines for each of the periods indicated:
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2023 |
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2022 |
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2021 |
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% |
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US$ |
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% |
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US$ |
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% |
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US$ |
| Specialty plant nutrition |
12 |
% |
|
913.9 |
|
11 |
% |
|
1,172.3 |
|
32 |
% |
|
908.8 |
| Iodine and derivatives |
12 |
% |
|
892.2 |
|
7 |
% |
|
754.3 |
|
15 |
% |
|
437.9 |
| Lithium and derivatives |
69 |
% |
|
5,180.1 |
|
76 |
% |
|
8,152.9 |
|
33 |
% |
|
936.1 |
| Potassium |
4 |
% |
|
279.1 |
|
4 |
% |
|
437.2 |
|
15 |
% |
|
416.6 |
| Industrial chemicals |
2 |
% |
|
175.2 |
|
2 |
% |
|
165.2 |
|
5 |
% |
|
132.0 |
| Other products and services |
0 |
% |
|
27.0 |
|
0 |
% |
|
28.6 |
|
1 |
% |
|
30.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total |
100 |
% |
|
7,467.5 |
|
100 |
% |
|
10,710.6 |
|
100 |
% |
|
2,862.3 |
The following table shows certain financial information of the Company (in millions of US$) for each of the periods indicated, as a percentage of revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| (in millions of US$) |
|
US$ |
|
% |
|
US$ |
|
% |
|
US$ |
|
% |
| Revenues |
|
7,467.5 |
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
10,710.6 |
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
2,862.3 |
|
|
100.0 |
|
Cost of sales (1) |
|
(4,392.4) |
|
|
58.8 |
|
|
(4,973.9) |
|
|
46.4 |
|
|
(1,772.2) |
|
|
61.9 |
|
| Gross profit |
|
3,075.1 |
|
41.2 |
|
|
5,736.6 |
|
|
53.6 |
|
|
1,090.1 |
|
|
38.1 |
|
| Other income |
|
40.6 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
9.9 |
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
19.6 |
|
|
0.7 |
|
| Administrative expenses |
|
(175.8) |
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
(142.6) |
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
(118.9) |
|
|
4.2 |
|
Other expenses |
|
(93.4) |
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
(75.9) |
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
(60.6) |
|
|
2.1 |
|
| Net impairment gains or reversal (losses) of financial assets |
|
0.2 |
|
0.0 |
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
(0.2) |
|
|
0.0 |
|
| Other gains (losses) |
|
(2.3) |
|
0.0 |
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
(2.6) |
|
|
0.1 |
|
| Finance income |
|
122.7 |
|
1.6 |
|
|
47.0 |
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
4.7 |
|
|
0.2 |
|
| Finance expenses |
|
(138.4) |
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
(86.6) |
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
(84.6) |
|
|
3.0 |
|
| Equity income of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method |
|
0.6 |
|
0.0 |
|
|
20.1 |
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
11.1 |
|
|
0.4 |
|
| Foreign currency exchange differences |
|
(22.3) |
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
(25.5) |
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
(17.2) |
|
|
0.6 |
|
| Income before income tax expense |
|
2,807.0 |
|
|
37.6 |
|
|
5,486.5 |
|
|
51.2 |
|
|
841.2 |
|
|
29.4 |
|
Income tax expense (2) |
|
(1,876.8) |
|
|
25.1 |
|
|
(1,572.2) |
|
|
14.7 |
|
|
(249.0) |
|
|
8.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Profit attributable to: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Controlling interests |
|
923.2 |
|
12.4 |
|
|
3,906.3 |
|
|
36.5 |
|
|
585.5 |
|
|
20.5 |
|
| Non-controlling interests |
|
7.1 |
|
0.1 |
|
|
8.0 |
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
0.2 |
|
| Profit for the year |
|
930.3 |
|
|
12.5 |
|
|
3,914.3 |
|
|
36.5 |
|
|
592.2 |
|
|
20.7 |
|
________________________________________________
(1)Cost of sales includes the payment obligations under lease contract with Corfo, which includes quarterly lease payments based on product sales from leased mining properties and since 2018, annual contributions to research and development, to local communities, to the Antofagasta Regional Government and to the municipalities of San Pedro de Atacama, María Elena and Antofagasta. The expenses related to Corfo were US$1,868.9 million in 2023, US$3,273.0 million in 2022, and US$247.6 million in 2021.
(2)Income tax expenses for the year 2023 includes the net effect of the payment of the specific tax on mining activities in Chile applied to the extraction of lithium in the total amount of US$1,089.5 million. For prior years, such payments were accounted for as a non-current tax asset and did not impact the consolidated statement of income. See Notes 20.3 and 26.2 to the consolidated financial statements, “Item 3.D. Risk Factors— Risks Relating to Chile—The Chilean government could levy additional taxes on mining companies, which may include lithium exploitation companies, operating in Chile" and "Item 8.A.7 Legal Proceedings— Chilean Tax Litigation".
Results of Operations – 2023 compared to 2022
Revenues
Revenues decreased by 30.3% to US$7,467.5 million in 2023 from US$10,710.6 million in 2022. The main factors that caused the decrease in revenues and variations in different product lines are described below.
Lithium and Derivatives
Revenues from lithium and derivatives totaled US$5,180.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of 36.5% compared to the US$8,152.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Set forth below are sales volume data for the specified years:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (in Th. MT) |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
% Change |
| Lithium and derivatives |
|
170.0 |
|
156.8 |
|
8% |
During 2023, lithium chemicals demand increased by approximately 18%, reaching approximately 920,000 metric tons. We expect applications related to energy storage to continue driving demand in the coming years.
Revenues in the lithium business line were affected by an almost 41% lower average price in 2023 when compared to average prices seen during 2022. Average prices reached approximately US$30,500/MT in 2023 compared to average prices of approximately US$52,000/MT in 2022. Our sales contracts are tied to price indices which were decreasing quarter over quarter since the beginning of 2023, registering a significant decline in the last months of the year.
Our sales volumes in the lithium and derivatives business line totaled 170,000 metric tons during 2023, an increase of approximately 8% when compared to the previous year. We sold approximately 51,000 metric tons during the fourth quarter of 2023, with an average price of US$15,400/MT.
Specialty Plant Nutrition
Revenues from the specialty plant nutrition business line for the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled US$913.9 million, a decrease of 22.0% compared to US$1,172.3 million reported for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Set forth below are sales volume data for the specified years by product category in this product line:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (in Th. MT) |
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
% Change |
| Potassium nitrate and sodium potassium nitrate |
443.5 |
|
477.4 |
|
(7) |
% |
| Specialty blends |
243.4 |
|
217.9 |
|
12 |
% |
| Other specialty plant nutrients (*) |
136.5 |
|
138.1 |
|
(1) |
% |
| Sodium nitrate |
16.8 |
|
14.4 |
|
16 |
% |
________________________________________________
*Includes trading of other specialty fertilizers.
The revenues from the specialty plant nutrition business line during 2023 were impacted by significantly lower average sales prices when compared to prices seen in 2022 and lower sales volumes. Our average price decreased almost 21% and our sales volumes decreased 1% in 2023 when compared to 2022. We believe overall potassium nitrate demand decreased approximately 8% during 2023 as a result of high market prices during the first half of the year as well as adverse climate conditions seen in some of the markets. Average prices in the specialty plant nutrition business line were US1,087.7/MT in 2023, a decrease of US$295/MT compared to US$1,382/MT in 2022.
Iodine and Derivatives
Revenues from sales of iodine and derivatives during the year ended December 31, 2023 were US$892.2 million, an increase of 18.3% compared to US$754.3 million generated for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Set forth below are sales volume data for the specified years:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (in Th. MT) |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
% Change |
| Iodine and derivatives |
|
13.1 |
|
12.7 |
|
3 |
% |
Higher iodine revenues were the result of higher average prices and increased sales volumes during 2023 compared to 2022. Average prices in the business line increased by 15.2%, reaching US$68/kilogram in 2023 compared to US$59/ kilogram in 2022.
Our sales volumes increased almost 3% in 2023 as a result of higher production volumes achieved during the year and reduced supply from other competitors when compared to 2022.
Potassium
Potassium revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled US$279.1 million, a 36.2% decrease compared to the US$437.2 million of revenues reported during the year ended December 31, 2022.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (in Th. MT) |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
% Change |
Potassium chloride |
|
543.1 |
|
480.5 |
|
13% |
Revenues in the potassium business line during 2023 were impacted by significantly lower average prices when compared to 2022 which more than offset higher sales volumes. Our potassium sales volumes reached over 543,000 metric tons in 2023. Average prices in the potassium business line decreased approximately 44% during 2023 when compared to 2022, reaching US$514/MT.
Industrial Chemicals
Industrial chemicals revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 reached US$175.2 million or 6.1% higher than revenues of US$165.2 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Set forth below are sales volume data for the specified years by product category:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (in Th. MT) |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
% Change |
| Industrial chemicals |
|
180.4 |
|
147.0 |
|
23% |
Our higher revenues in industrial chemicals reflected higher sales volumes in the business line, principally due to higher sales volumes of solar salts, which more than offset the decrease in average prices during the year. We reported sales of approximately 105,000 metric tons of solar salts during 2023, higher than the 80,000 metric tons of solar salts volumes reported during 2022. Average prices in the industrial chemicals business line decreased approximately 14% during 2023 when compared to 2022.
Other Products and Services
Revenues from sales of other commodity fertilizers and other income were US$27.0 million in 2023, a decrease of 5.4% compared to US$28.6 million of revenues in 2022.
Cost of Sales
Our overall cost of sales decreased 11.7% to US$4,392.4 million in 2023, which represented 58.8% of revenues, from US$4,974.0 million in 2022, which represented 46.4% of revenues. The main factors that caused the decrease in cost of sales and variations in different product lines are described below.
Lithium and Derivatives
Lithium and derivatives cost of sales decreased 18.7% to US$2,955.7 million in 2023 from US$3,636.9 million in 2022, primarily as a result of decreased average prices which impact cost of sales as described below.
Our costs of sales related to our lithium and derivatives business line fluctuate with our price of lithium under the Corfo Agreements. For technical and battery grade lithium carbonate, the following structure of progressive lease payment rates based on the final sale price applies:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Price US$/MT Li2CO3 |
|
Lease payment rate |
| $0 - $4,000 |
|
6.8 |
% |
| Over $4,000 - $5,000 |
|
8.0 |
% |
| Over $5,000 - $6,000 |
|
10.0 |
% |
| Over $6,000 - $7,000 |
|
17.0 |
% |
| Over $7,000 - $10,000 |
|
25.0 |
% |
| Over $10,000 |
|
40.0 |
% |
Similarly for technical grade and battery grade lithium hydroxide, the following structure of progressive lease payment rates based on the final sale price applies:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Price US$/MT LiOH |
|
Lease payment rate |
| $0 - $5,000 |
|
6.8 |
% |
| Over $5,000 - $6,000 |
|
8.0 |
% |
| Over $6,000 - $7,000 |
|
10.0 |
% |
| Over $7,000 - $10,000 |
|
17.0 |
% |
| Over $10,000 - $12,000 |
|
25.0 |
% |
| Over $12,000 |
|
40.0 |
% |
See Note 18.2 to our consolidated financial statements for the disclosure of lease payments made to Corfo for all periods presented.
Specialty Plant Nutrition
Specialty plant nutrition cost of sales decreased 4.3% to US$691.5 million in 2023 from US$722.2 million in 2022, as a result of lower costs per ton of potassium nitrate and slightly lower sales volumes during 2023 when compared to 2022. The average cost of sales in the specialty plant nutrition business line was US$823/MT in 2023, lower than US$852/MT in 2022. The sales volumes in the specialty plant nutrition business line were approximately 840,200 metric tons in 2023, an approximately 1% decrease compared to approximately 847,800 metric tons in 2022.
Iodine and Derivatives
Iodine and derivatives cost of sales increased 26.1% to US$355.7 million in 2023 from US$282.1 million in 2022. The average cost of sales in the iodine and derivatives business line was US$27.2/kilogram in 2023, an increase of 22.8% from US$22.2/kilogram in 2022. The increase in average cost of sales in the iodine and derivative business line is mainly a result of increased production costs associated with the start-up of new mining operations at Pampa Blanca.
Potassium
Potassium cost of sales increased 13.4% to US$219.6 million in 2023 from US$193.6 million in 2022, as a result of increased sales volumes. The average cost of sales in the potassium business line of US$404/MT in 2023 was relatively flat when compared to US$403/MT in 2022.
Our costs of sales related to our potassium business line fluctuate with our price of potassium under the Corfo Agreements. For potassium chloride, the following structure of progressive lease payment rates based on the final sale price applies:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Price US$/MT KCl |
|
Lease payment rate |
| $0 - $300 |
|
3.0 |
% |
| Over $300 - $400 |
|
7.0 |
% |
| Over $400 - $500 |
|
10.0 |
% |
| Over $500 - $600 |
|
15.0 |
% |
| Over $600 |
|
20.0 |
% |
See Note 18.2 to our consolidated financial statements for the disclosure of lease payments made to Corfo for all periods presented.
Industrial Chemicals
Industrial chemicals cost of sales increased 25.9% to US$141.4 million in 2023 from US$112.2 million in 2022, as a result of increased sales volumes in the business line. The average cost of sales in the industrial chemicals business line was US$783/MT in 2023, an increase of 2.6% from US$764/MT in 2022.
Gross Profit
Gross profit decreased 46.4% to US$3,075.1 million in 2023, which represented 41.2% of revenues, from US$5,736.6 million in 2022, which represented 53.6% of revenues. As discussed above, this decrease is attributable to the decrease in revenues as a result of lower prices of lithium and derivatives, specialty plant nutrients, industrial chemicals and potassium, offset by higher sales volumes of lithium and derivatives, iodine and derivatives, industrial chemicals and potassium.
Other Income
Other income increased 411.6% to US$40.6 million in 2023, which represented 0.5% of revenues, from US$9.8 million in 2022, which represented 0.1% of revenues.
Administrative Expenses
Administrative expenses increased 23.2% to US$175.8 million in 2023, which represented 2.4% of revenues, from US$142.6 million in 2022, which represented 1.3% of revenues.
Other Expenses
Other expenses increased 22.9% to US$93.4 million in 2023, which represented 1.3% of revenues, from US$76.0 million in 2022, which represented 0.7% of revenues.
Other Gains (Losses)
Other losses were US$2.3 million in 2023, compared to gains of US$0.1 million in 2022.
Finance Income
Finance income increased 161% to US$122.7 million in 2023, which represented 1.6% of revenues, from US$47,0 million in 2022, which represented 0.4% of revenues, due to higher interest rates earned on our investments and more cash available to invest.
Finance Expenses
Finance expenses increased 59.7% to US$138.4 million in 2023, which represented 1.3% of revenues, from US$86.7 million in 2022, which represented 0.8% of revenues.
Equity Income of Associates and Joint Ventures Accounted for Using the Equity Method
Equity income of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method decreased 97.1% to US$0.6 million in 2023, which represented 0.01% of revenues, from US$20.2 million in 2022, which represented 0.2% of revenues.
Foreign Currency Exchange Differences
Losses from foreign currency exchange differences amounted to US$22.3 million in 2023, which represented 0.3% of revenues, compared with a loss of US$25.4 million in 2022, which represented 0.2% of revenues. A significant portion of our costs is related to the Chilean peso as most of our operations occur in Chile. Because the U.S. dollar is our functional currency, we are subject to currency fluctuations. We seek to mitigate this impact through an active hedging program.
Profit Before Taxes
Profit before taxes decreased by US$2,679.5 million or 48.8%, to US$2,807.0 million in 2023 from US$5,486.5 million in 2022. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in revenues by US$3,243.1 million and an increase in administrative expenses by US$33.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in cost of sales by US$581.5 million and an increase in net finance income (finance income less finance expenses) by US$23.9 million, as described above.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expenses increased 19.4% to US$1,876.8 million in 2023 from US$1,572.2 million in 2022, primarily related to the adjusting subsequent event pertaining to the income tax expense of the specific tax on mining activity in Chile applied to lithium exploration, which had a net effect in the total amount of US$1,089.5 million on income tax expenses in 2023 (See Notes 20.3 and 26.2 to the consolidated financial statements, “Item 3.D. Risk Factors— Risks Relating to Chile—The Chilean government could levy additional taxes on mining companies, which may include lithium exploitation companies, operating in Chile" and "Item 8.A.7 Legal Proceedings— Chilean Tax Litigation").
Income tax, net of the abovementioned effect of the income tax expense subsequent event adjustment of the specific tax on mining activity applied to lithium exploration, decreased 49.9% to US$787.3 million in 2023, representing an effective tax rate of 28.0%, compared to US$1,572.2 million in 2022, representing an effective tax rate of 28.7%. The effective Chilean corporate tax rate was 27.0% during 2023 and 2022. Income tax decreased as a result of lower taxable income reported in 2023 compared to 2022.
Profit for the Year
Profit for the year decreased 76.2% to US$930.3 million in 2023 from US$3,914.3 million in 2022, primarily due to lower average prices in all of our business lines except the iodine and derivative business line, and a net effect in the total amount of US$1,089.5 million related to the income tax expense subsequent event adjustment of the specific tax on mining activity in Chile applied to lithium exploration. (See Notes 20.3 and 26.2 to the consolidated financial statements, “Item 3.D. Risk Factors— Risks Relating to Chile—The Chilean government could levy additional taxes on mining companies, which may include lithium exploitation companies, operating in Chile" and "Item 8.A.7 Legal Proceedings— Chilean Tax Litigation"). Profit for the year, excluding the net effect of the payment of the specific tax on mining activity applied to lithium exploration, amounted to US$2,012.7 million in 2023, a 48.5% decrease compared to the profit for the year 2022.
Results of Operations – 2022 compared to 2021
For a discussion of the comparison of our results of operations for the fiscal years 2022 and 2021, see “Part I, Item 5.A. Operating Results—Results of Operations – 2022 compared to 2021” of our Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on April 25, 2023.
5.B.Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2023, we had US$2.4 billion of cash and cash equivalents and time deposits. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, we had US$1,166 million of unused uncommitted working capital credit lines. Our Net Financial Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio was 0.7x as of December 31, 2023. Our next debt maturity that will require a significant cash payment is scheduled to occur in January 2025.
Shareholders’ equity decreased to US$4,477.4 million as of December 31, 2023 from US$4,932.0 million as of December 31, 2022. Our ratio of total liabilities to total equity (including non-controlling interest) on a consolidated basis increased to 1.41 as of December 31, 2023 from 1.19 as of December 31, 2022.
We evaluate from time to time our cash requirements to fund capital expenditures, dividend payouts and increases in working capital, but we believe our working capital is sufficient for our present requirements. As debt requirements also depend on the level of accounts receivable and inventories, we cannot accurately determine the amount of debt we will require nor are our requirements typically seasonal.
The table below shows our cash flows for 2023, 2022 and 2021:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (in millions of US$) |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| Net cash from operating activities |
|
(196.6) |
|
|
4,077.6 |
|
|
822.5 |
|
Net cash from (used in) financing activities |
|
66.3 |
|
(2,003.0) |
|
1,206.5 |
| Net cash from (used in) investing activities |
|
(1,481.5) |
|
|
(909.4) |
|
|
(1,006.9) |
|
| Effects of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents |
|
(2.0) |
|
|
(25.0) |
|
|
(16.1) |
|
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
|
(1,613.9) |
|
1,140.2 |
|
1,005.9 |
|
We operate a capital-intensive business that requires significant investments in revenue-generating assets. Our past growth strategies have included purchasing production facilities and equipment and the improvement and expansion of existing facilities. Funds for capital expenditures and working capital requirements have been obtained from net cash from operating activities, borrowing under credit facilities and issuing debt securities.
We believe that our capital expenditures for 2024 could reach approximately US$1.3 million focused on the maintenance of our production facilities in order to strengthen our ability to meet our production goals and to increase our production capacity, primarily related to lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide capacity expansions and nitrates and iodine capacity in Chile and development of our lithium projects in Australia and China. See “Item 4.A. History and Development of the Company—Capital Expenditure Program.”
Our other major use of funds is for dividend distributions. In the consolidated statement of cash flows, we reported dividends paid of US$1.5 billion and US$2.2 billion during 2023 and 2022, respectively. For a disclosure of our 2023 dividend policy and payments, see “Item 8.A.8. Dividend Policy.”
The proposed dividend policy for 2024 was announced at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 25, 2024.
We have not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities whereby we have financial guarantees, retained or contingent interests in transferred assets, derivative instruments or other contingent arrangements that would expose us to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities, or any other obligations arising out of a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to us or that engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
Our future cash position could be impacted by, among other things, an operational shutdown, unforeseen expenses, a decreased ability of our customers to pay us for products or services or lower average prices or sales volumes in our business lines, which could have an impact on our cash position and could lead to a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors”
Financing Activities
Our current ratio, defined as current assets divided by current liabilities, increased to 2.33 as of December 31, 2023 from 2.29 as of December 31, 2022. The following table shows key information about our outstanding long- and short-term debt as of December 31, 2023.
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Debt Instrument(1) |
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Current
Amount
(ThUS$) |
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Non-Current
Amount
(ThUS$) |
|
Interest
Rate |
|
Issue
Date |
|
Maturity
Date |
|
Amortization |
| 4.38% Notes due 2025 — US$250 million |
|
4,215 |
|
249,964 |
|
4.38% |
|
Oct. 23, 2014 |
|
Jan. 28, 2025 |
|
Bullet |
| 4.25% Notes due 2029—US$450 million |
|
2,192 |
|
447,009 |
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4.25% |
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May 7, 2019 |
|
May 7, 2029 |
|
Bullet |
| 4.25% Notes due 2050—US$400 million |
|
7,273 |
|
394,121 |
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4.25% |
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Jan. 22, 2020 |
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Jan. 22, 2050 |
|
Bullet |
3.50% Notes due 2051—US$700 million (Green Bond) |
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6,999 |
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685,213 |
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3.50% |
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Sep. 10, 2021 |
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Sep. 10, 2051 |
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Bullet |
6.50% Notes due 2033—US$750 million (Green Bond) |
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5,791 |
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736,563 |
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6.50% |
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Nov. 7, 2023 |
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Nov. 7, 2033 |
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Bullet |
| Series H Bond — UF 4 million. |
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17,427 |
|
83,026 |
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4.90% |
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Jan. 13, 2009 |
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Jan. 05, 2030 |
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Semiannual, beginning in 2019 |
| Series O Bond — UF 1.5 million |
|
905 |
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62,256 |
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3.80% |
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Apr. 04, 2012 |
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Feb. 01, 2033 |
|
Bullet |
| Series P Bond — UF 3 million |
|
1,859 |
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125,790 |
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3.25% |
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Mar. 31, 2018 |
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Jan. 15, 2028 |
|
Bullet |
| Series Q Bond — UF 3 million |
|
338 |
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125,543 |
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3.45% |
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Nov. 8, 2018 |
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Jun. 1, 2038 |
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Bullet |
________________________________________________
(1)UF denominated bonds are fully hedged to U.S. dollars with cross-currency swaps. Note 12.4 b and d
As of December 31, 2023, we had total long-term financial debt of US$3,213.4 million compared to US$2,394.2 million as of December 31, 2022. The total short-term debt as of December 31, 2023 was US$1,256.5 million, and as of December 31, 2022 was US$523.0 million.
As of December 31, 2023, all of our long-term debt, including the current portion, was denominated in U.S. dollars, and all our UF-denominated bonds were hedged with cross-currency swaps to the U.S. dollar. The financial covenants related to our debt instruments include: (i) limitations on the ratio of NFD to equity (including non-controlling interest) on a consolidated basis, and (ii) minimum production assets. We believe that the terms and conditions of our debt agreements are standard and customary.
The following table shows the maturities of our nominal long-term debt by year as of December 31, 2023 (in millions of US dollars):
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Maturity(1) |
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Amount |
2024 |
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15.3 |
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2025 |
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465.3 |
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2026 |
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29.5 |
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2027 |
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29.5 |
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2028 and thereafter |
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2,724.1 |
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| Total |
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3,263.7 |
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________________________________________________
(1)Only the principal amount has been included. For the UF-denominated local bonds, the amounts presented reflect the real U.S. dollar obligation as of December 31, 2023 not including the effects of the cross-currency swaps that hedge these bonds to the U.S. dollar and which had, as of December 31, 2023, a market value of US$2.5 million against SQM.
Environmental and Occupational Safety and Health Projects
We spent US$47.0 million on environmental, safety and health projects in 2023. This amount forms part of the capital expenditure program discussed above.
Non-IFRS Financial Measures
This Form 20-F makes reference to certain non-IFRS financial measures, namely Net Financial Debt, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA. These non-IFRS financial measures are not recognized measures under IFRS, do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Rather, these measures are provided as additional information to complement IFRS measures by providing further understanding of the Company’s results of operations from management’s perspective. Accordingly, they should not be considered in isolation nor as a substitute for analysis of our financial information reported under IFRS.
Net Financial Debt (NFD)
Net Financial Debt represents Other Current Financial Liabilities + Non-current Financial Liabilities - Cash and Cash Equivalent - Other Current Financial Assets - Other Non-current Hedging Assets. NFD is a financial metric used by management as a tool for assessing the Company's financial health and its ability to manage its debt obligations. When considering new investments or expansion opportunities, management may use NFD/Adjusted EBITDA ratios to assess the impact of additional debt on the company's overall financial position and its ability to generate sufficient earnings to cover debt obligations. NFD/Adjusted EBITDA ratios are also used in communications with stakeholders, such as investors, creditors, and analysts, to provide insight into the company's financial stability and its ability to generate earnings relative to its debt levels.
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For the year ended December 31, |
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|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| (+) Other Current Financial Liabilities |
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1,256.5 |
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|
523.0 |
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|
51.3 |
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| (+) Non-current Financial Liabilities |
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3,213.4 |
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|
2,394.2 |
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|
2,587.7 |
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| (-) Cash and Cash Equivalent |
|
1,041.4 |
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|
2,655.2 |
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|
1,515.1 |
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| (-) Other Current Financial Assets |
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1,325.8 |
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961.4 |
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|
919.0 |
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| (-) Other Non-current Hedging Assets |
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16.0 |
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22.6 |
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|
0.2 |
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| Net Financial Debt |
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2,086.7 |
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(722.0) |
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204.7 |
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EBITDA represents Profit for the Year + Depreciation and Amortization Expenses + Finance Costs + Income Tax and Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA – Other income – Other gains (losses) - Share of Profit of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method + Other expenses by function + Net impairment gains on reversal (losses) of financial assets – Finance income – Currency differences. We have included EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA to provide investors with a supplemental measure of our operating performance.
We believe EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are important supplemental measures of operating performance because it eliminates items that have less bearing on our operating performance and thus highlights trends in our core business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on IFRS financial measures.
EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA have important limitations as analytical tools. For example, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA do not reflect (a) our cash expenditures, or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; (b) changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (c) the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt; and (d) tax payments or distributions to our parent to make payments with respect to taxes attributable to us that represent a reduction in cash available to us. Although we consider the items excluded in the calculation of non-IFRS measures to be less relevant to evaluate our performance, some of these items may continue to take place and accordingly may reduce the cash available to us.
We believe that the presentation of the non-IFRS financial measures described above is appropriate. However, these non-IFRS measures have important limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation, or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under IFRS.
Because of these limitations, we primarily rely on our results as reported in accordance with IFRS and use EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA only supplementally.
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For the years ended December 31, |
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2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
(ThUS$) |
|
(ThUS$) |
|
(ThUS$) |
| Profit for the Year |
930.3 |
|
3,914.3 |
|
592.2 |
| (+) Depreciation and amortization expenses |
280.8 |
|
244.5 |
|
214.2 |
| (+) Finance costs |
138.4 |
|
86.7 |
|
84.6 |
| (+) Income tax |
1,876.8 |
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1,572.0 |
|
249.0 |
| EBITDA |
3,226.2 |
|
5,817.6 |
|
1,140.1 |
| (-) Other income |
40.6 |
|
9.9 |
|
19.6 |
| (-) Other gains (losses) |
(2.3) |
|
0.1 |
|
(2.6) |
|
| (-) Share of Profit of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method |
0.6 |
|
20.2 |
|
11.1 |
| (+) Other Expenses by Function |
(93.4) |
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(76.0) |
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(60.6) |
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| (+) Net impairment gains on reversal (losses) of financial assets |
0.2 |
|
3.4 |
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(0.2) |
|
| (-) Finance income |
122.7 |
|
47.0 |
|
4.7 |
| (-) Currency differences |
(22.3) |
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|
(25.4) |
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(17.2) |
|
| Adjusted EBITDA |
3,180.1 |
|
5,838.4 |
|
1,185.5 |
5.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
One of the main objectives of our research and development team is to develop new processes and products in order to maximize the returns obtained from the resources that we exploit. Our research is performed by three different units, whose research covers topics, such as design, modeling and simulation of chemical processes for optimization of existing products or development of new products, physical-chemistry of concentrated brines, development of chemical analysis and measurement methodologies of physical properties of finished products, considering all the relevant processes in the production of our products.
Our research and development policy emphasizes the following: (i) optimizing current processes in order to decrease costs and improve product quality through the implementation of new technology, (ii) developing higher-margin products from current products through vertical integration or different product specifications, (iii) adding value to inventories and (iv) using renewable energy in our processes.
Our research and development activities have been instrumental in improving our production processes and developing new value-added products. As a result, new methods of extraction, crystallization and finishing products have been developed. Technological advances in recent years have enabled us to improve process efficiency for the nitrate, potassium and lithium operations, improve the physical quality of our prilled products and reduce dust emissions and caking by applying specially designed additives to our products handled in bulk. Our research and development efforts have also resulted in new, value-added markets for our products. One example is the use of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate as thermal storage in solar power plants.
During 2023, our research and development related expenditure totaled US$7.5 million for the nitrates and iodine businesses and US$33 million for the lithium business.
5.D.Trend Information
Our revenues decreased 30.3% to US$7,467.5 million in 2023 from US$10,710.6 million in 2022. Gross profit reached US$3,075.1 million (58.8% of revenues) in 2023, lower than US$5,736.6 million (46.4% of revenues) recorded in 2022. Profit attributable to controlling interests decreased 76.4% to US$923.2 million in 2023 from US$3,906.3 million in 2022.
Revenues for lithium and derivatives totaled US$5,180.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of 36.5% compared to US$8,152.9 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022. During 2023, our sales volumes in the lithium and derivatives business line surpassed 170,000 metric tons, an increase of approximately 8% when compared to the previous year.
At the same time, our average prices in the lithium and derivatives business line decreased approximately 41% reaching US$30,500 per metric ton from approximately US$52,000 per metric ton reported in 2022. We reported record-high sales volumes during the fourth quarter 2023, reaching a historical high level of over 51,000 metric tons and almost 20% higher when compared to 2022. Revenues in the lithium business line were affected by almost 73% lower average price reported during the quarter when compared to average prices seen during the fourth quarter 2022. Our lithium sales contracts are tied to price indices which were decreasing quarter over quarter since the beginning of 2023, registering a significant decline in the last months of the year. Our average prices decreased over 47% during the fourth quarter 2023 when compared to the third quarter same year.
Despite a significant downturn in lithium market prices observed during 2023 when compared to the previous year, our focus on operational efficiency and our ability to successfully execute capacity expansion projects have facilitated notable production growth in lithium business over the past year. While we continue with our expansions in Chile and expect our lithium carbonate capacity to reach 210,000 metric tons during the first quarter of this year, the first production of spodumene concentrate at our Mt. Holland operation site began during the fourth quarter of 2023. In 2024, we anticipate another robust year of growth in the lithium market, with global demand increasing by at least 20% when compared to 2023, supported by electric vehicle sales growth globally and increasing demand for battery materials. However, the excess in lithium and battery materials capacity seen during 2023 is expected to continue during 2024, keeping pressure on lithium market prices. We expect our average lithium prices to remain relatively stable in the short-term when compared to lithium prices seen in the first months of 2024, while our sales volumes could increase 5-10% in 2024 when compared to sales volumes reported in 2023, subject to market conditions and any changes in supply-demand balance.
Revenues from sales of iodine and derivatives during the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled US$892.2 million, an increase of 18.3% compared to US$754.3 million reported for the year ended December 31, 2022. Our sales volumes increased almost 3% during 2023, as a result of higher production volumes achieved during the year and reduced supply from other competitors. We believe that the total iodine market declined approximately 4% during 2023 when compared to 2022, due to a lower demand in some of the applications, inventory correction and overall weakness in the industrial sector. We believe the market could achieve some demand recovery during 2024 when compared to 2023, with relatively stable prices throughout the year, when compared to market prices seen in the fourth quarter of 2023 and the beginning of 2024. Our sales volumes are expected to be flat in 2024 compared to sales volumes reported in 2023, subject to market conditions and any incremental supply coming to the market.
Revenues from our specialty plant nutrition business line for the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled US$913.9 million, representing a 22.0% decrease when compared to US$1,172.3 million reported for the year ended December 31, 2022. Our sales volumes were relatively flat in 2023 when compared to 2022. Lower revenues from specialty plant nutrition business line in 2023 were a result of significantly lower average sales prices during the year. Our average sales prices decreased over 21% in 2023 compared to 2022 due to reduced demand seen during 2023. According to our estimates, overall potassium nitrate demand decreased approximately 8% during 2023. We saw some demand recovery during the fourth quarter of 2023 and expect this momentum to continue into 2024, driving nearly a 10% increase in demand during the year. We believe that market prices might have reached the bottom during the fourth quarter of 2023 and we expect to see less price volatility during 2024 when compared to 2023.
Potassium revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled US$279.1 million, lower than revenues reported during the year ended December 31, 2022, which totaled US$437.2 million, representing a 36.2% decrease. Our sales volumes increased almost 13% during 2023 when compared to 2022 as a result of increased demand and significantly lower market prices seen in 2023 compared to 2022. We believe that due to lower market prices and increased supply, the global potash demand grew approximately five million metric tons during 2023, reaching a total of almost 65 million metric tons. We expect to see a similar demand growth during 2024. Our sales volumes during 2024 could reach 600,000 metric tons.
5.E.Critical Accounting Estimates
For information on our critical accounting estimates, see Note 3.33 to our consolidated financial statements.
5.F.Safe Harbor
The information contained in Item 5.E contains statements that may constitute forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Annual Report, for safe harbor provisions.
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
6.A.Directors and Senior Management
We are managed by our executive officers under the direction of our Board of Directors, which, in accordance with our By-laws, consists of eight directors, seven of whom are elected by holders of Series A common shares and one of whom is elected by holders of Series B common shares. The entire Board of Directors is regularly elected every three years at our Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting. Cumulative voting is allowed for the election of directors. The Board of Directors may appoint replacements to fill any vacancies that occur during periods between elections. If a vacancy occurs, the entire Board must be elected or re-elected at the next regularly scheduled Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting. Our Chief Executive Officer is appointed by the Board of Directors and holds office at the discretion of the Board. The Chief Executive Officer appoints our executive officers. There are regularly scheduled meetings of the Board of Directors once a month. Extraordinary meetings may be called by the Chairman when requested by (i) the director elected by holders of the Series B common shares, (ii) any other director with the assent of the Chairman or (iii) an absolute majority of all directors. The Board of Directors has a Directors’ Committee and its regulations are discussed below.
On March 20, 2024, Xu Tieying resigned from the Board of Directors effective April 24, 2024. As a result of this resignation, the entire Board was up for election at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 25, 2024. Each of the eight members of the current Board of Directors (including Mr. Xu) was elected for a three-year term at the 2024 Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting.
Our current directors are as follows:
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| Name |
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Position and relevant experience |
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Current position held since |
| Gonzalo Guerrero Y. |
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Chairman of the Board and Director. Mr. Guerrero earned a law degree from the Universidad de Chile and a Masters of Business Law from the Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez. He is Chairman of the Board of SQM Salar S.A., Delegate Counsel of SONAMI, Chairman of the Board of Maria Elena Foundation for Social and Patrimonial Development, Board director of ICARE, elective counsel of SOFOFA, Chairman of SOFOFA Chile/Australia business council and Board director of SOFOFA HUB. |
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April 2017 (Chairman since April 2022) |
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| Patricio Contesse F. |
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Vice Chairman of the Board and Director. Mr. Contesse is a lawyer with a degree from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Previously, he was a Board member of SQM from 2013 until 2015. Since 2011, he has held senior executive positions in Pampa Group through 2021, where he is currently Vice Chairman of the Boards of Directors of the Pampa Group entities. |
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April 2018 |
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| Hernán Büchi B. |
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Director. Mr. Büchi earned a degree in Civil Engineering from the Universidad de Chile. He served on the SQM Board of Directors for several years until April 2016, before rejoining in 2017. He is currently a Board member of Quiñenco S.A., among others. He is also Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Universidad del Desarrollo. |
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April 2017 |
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| Name |
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Position and relevant experience |
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Current position held since |
George de Bourguignon A. |
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Director. Mr. de Bourguignon is an economist from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile with an MBA from Harvard University. In the academic field, he has been a professor of Economics at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, while, in the business world, he is co-founder and currently Chairman of Asset Chile S.A., a corporate finance advisory firm, and of Asset AGF, an investment fund administration firm. He also serves as a director in various companies, including Vivo Spa, where he has been Chairman since August 2022, in Tánica S.A., since May 2017 and Embotelladora Andina since 2016. He was a director of SQM (2019 - April 2022), Empresas La Polar S.A. (2011-2015), Sal Lobos S.A (2006-2018) and Chairman of the Committee of Directors of Latam Airlines Group (2012-2019). |
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April 2024 |
Antonio Gil N.(1) |
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Director. Mr. Gil holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from ICAI (Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Spain) and is a graduate of Harvard Business School (where he obtained his MBA). He also completed the Stanford Executive Program at Stanford University. He has more than 25 years of experience in strategic leadership, management, financial and investment roles at global, European and Latin American companies. He is currently board member at Latam Airlines Group. Previously, he was CEO of Moneda Asset Management, Vice President of ACAFI, Managing Director, worldwide CFO and member of the global executive committees of several large global businesses at JPMorgan. He started his career as strategic consultant for BCG in Spain. |
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April 2022 |
| Gina Ocqueteau T. |
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Director. Ms. Ocqueteau graduated as a nurse from the Universidad de Chile and holds an MBA in Commercial Management and Marketing from ESEM, Business School, Madrid Campus. She is currently CEO of Waygroup Chile, founding partner of Crosscheck, director of the Asia Pacific Chamber of Commerce and Imagen Chile Foundation, director of UDD Ventures and Vice Chairman of Unión Emprededora. She has been a director of Chile Mujeres since 2019 and was a member of the Advisory Council of the Ministry of Women and Gender Equity in 2021. Previously, she was also director of the Association of Entrepreneurs, ASECH, and held senior positions within ACHS. |
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April 2022 |
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| Ashley Ozols |
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Director. Mr. Ozols earned a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the University of New South Wales, Sydney and is also a CFA charterholder. He resides in Australia and has over 20 years of international business experience providing strategic, financial and advisory services to American, Australian and Asian based clients. Between 2003 and 2017, he worked at several investment banks, including Macquarie Group, Grant Samuel, and CLSA. Between 2017 and beginning his role as a board member at SQM in 2021, he worked at Tianqi Lithium as an executive focused on corporate development.
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December 2021 |
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Position and relevant experience |
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Current position held since |
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| Xu Tieying |
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Director. Mr. Xu earned a doctorate degree in law from the Università degli studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy. He studied at the Centro di Studi Giuridici Latinoamericani of the same university. He is also a P.R. China Legal Professional Qualifications Certificate holder. Currently, he is an Associate Professor at the Sichuan University, China, specializing in Civil and Commercial Law. He has also released several publications and books on Civil and Commercial Law. Mr. Xu resigned from the Board of Directors effective April 24, 2024. |
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April 2023 |
Our current executive officers are as follows:
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Position and relevant experience |
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Current position held since |
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| Ricardo Ramos R. |
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Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Ramos earned an industrial engineering degree from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. In 1989, he joined SQM as Finance Advisor and served as Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Corporate Services from 1994 until 2018, before assuming his current role in January 2019. |
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January 2019 |
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Gerardo Illanes G.(2) |
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Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Illanes earned an engineering degree from the Universidad Católica de Chile and a Master of Business Administration from Emory University’s Goizueta Business School. In 2006, he joined SQM and has served in several positions within the finance area at our headquarters in Santiago, Chile and in subsidiaries around the world. Mr. Illanes is also a member of the Board of Soquimich Comercial. In May 2016, he became Vice President of Finance, and assumed his current role in October 2018. |
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October 2018 |
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| Gonzalo Aguirre T. |
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General Counsel. Mr. Aguirre earned a degree in law from the Universidad Católica de Chile and a Master of Laws (LL.M) degree from Georgetown University Law Center. He joined SQM in April 2016 and has served as Legal Vice President since September 2016. Prior to joining SQM, he worked at SunEdison as Head of Legal for Latin America and at AES Gener, where he served as a counsel on corporate and project matters. Prior to his in-house experience, he worked for Carey y Cía Ltda, Paul Hastings LLP (as an international legal consultant) and Vial and Palma, where his practice focused on corporate and financial matters. He is admitted to practice in Chile and in Washington, D.C., as a special legal consultant. |
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September 2016 |
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| Name |
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Position and relevant experience |
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Current position held since |
| Pablo Altimiras C. |
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Executive Vice President of Nitrates and Iodine Businesses. Mr. Altimiras earned an engineering degree and a Master of Business Administration from the Universidad Católica de Chile. In 2007, he joined SQM as Chief of Logistics Projects. In 2009, he was promoted to Regulatory Affairs Director. He was Business Development Vice Manager from 2010 to 2011 and Development and Planning Manager in 2012. In 2016, he became Vice President of Business Development and Planning. In October 2018, he became Vice President of Lithium and Iodine Businesses and assumed his current role in the Company in December 2021. |
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December 2021 |
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José Miguel Berguño C.(3) |
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Vice President of Corporate Services. Mr. Berguño earned an engineering degree and Master of Business Administration from the Universidad Católica de Chile. In 1998, he joined SQM as Planning Engineer. In 2001, he served as Supply Chain Manager, and in 2006 he was Human Resources Manager. From 2010 to 2011, he was the National Director of Science under the Minister of Labor. In 2012, he was Human Resources Manager for Vitamina Work Life. In 2013, he resumed his role as Supply Chain Manager at SQM, and in 2016 took on the position of Vice President of Human Resources and Performance. In 2019, he became Vice President of Operations of Nitrates and Iodine and assumed his current role in December 2021.
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December 2021 |
| Carlos Díaz O. |
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Executive Vice President of Lithium. Mr. Díaz earned an engineering degree and a Master of Business Administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. In 1996, he joined SQM and worked in the planning, finance and logistics areas of the Company until 2012. From 2012 through 2019, he was Vice President of Operations, Nitrates and Iodine. In 2019, he became Vice President of Operations, Potassium and Lithium and assumed his current role in December 2021. |
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December 2021 |
________________________________________________
(1)As of December 31, 2023, Mr. Gil beneficially owned 1,730 SQM shares.
(2)As of December 31, 2023, Mr. Illanes beneficially owned 800 SQM shares.
(3)As of December 31, 2023, Mr. Berguño beneficially owned 380 SQM shares.
6.B.Compensation
At the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 26, 2023, shareholders approved the Board of Directors compensation for 2023, including the compensation for the Audit and Financial Risk Committee, Corporate Governance Committee and the Safety, Health and Environmental Committee.
During 2023, directors were paid a monthly retainer fee, which was independent of attendance and the number of Board sessions. For the Chairman and the Vice Chairman, the fee amounted to UF 800 and UF 700 per month respectively. For the remaining six directors, the fee amounted to UF 600 per month each. In addition, the directors received variable compensation (in Chilean pesos) based on a profit-sharing program approved by the shareholders. Both the Chairman and the Vice Chairman received the equivalent of 0.12% of the total net profit that the Company obtained during the 2023 fiscal year and each of the remaining six directors received the equivalent of 0.06% of the 2023 total net profit of the Company.
In addition, during 2023, members of the Directors’ Committee were each paid UF 200 per month, regardless of the number of sessions held by the Directors’ Committee. The members of the Directors’ Committee also received variable compensation (in Chilean pesos) based on a profit-sharing program approved by the shareholders. Each member of the Directors’ Committee received an amount equal to 0.02% of the total net profit that the Company obtained during the 2023 fiscal year.
For the calculation of the variable remuneration that the directors were entitled to receive, the 2023 net profit was considered with a maximum limit of 110% of the 2022 net profit.
During 2023, the members of the Safety, Health and Environmental and the Corporate Governance Committees each received UF 100 per month, regardless of the number of sessions held.
During 2023, the compensation paid to each of our directors who served on the Board of Directors during the year was as follows (amounts in Chilean pesos):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SQM Board
Meeting (Ch$) |
|
SQM
Directors’
Committee
(Ch$) |
|
SQM Health,
Safety and
Environment
Committee
(Ch$) |
|
Corporate
Governance
Committee
(Ch$) |
|
Total (Ch$) |
| Gonzalo Guerrero Yamamoto |
954,155,016 |
|
|
|
|
43,245,177 |
|
|
|
|
997,400,193 |
|
| Patricio Contesse Fica |
910,909,839 |
|
|
|
|
43,245,177 |
|
|
43,245,177 |
|
|
997,400,193 |
|
| Hernan Büchi Buc |
563,567,862 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
43,245,177 |
|
|
606,813,039 |
|
| Antonio Gil Nievas |
563,567,862 |
|
|
187,855,957 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
751,423,819 |
|
| Gina Ocqueteau |
563,567,862 |
|
|
187,855,954 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
751,423,816 |
|
Ashley Luke Ozols |
562,560,834 |
|
|
187,520,278 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
750,081,112 |
|
| Antonio Schneider |
563,567,862 |
|
|
|
|
29,024,056 |
|
|
14,221,121 |
|
|
606,813,039 |
|
Xu Teiying (1) |
152,070,720 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,345,120 |
|
|
177,415,840 |
|
Dang Qi (2) |
410,490,114 |
|
|
|
|
17,732,219 |
|
|
|
|
428,222,333 |
|
| TOTAL |
5,244,457,971 |
|
|
563,232,189 |
|
|
133,246,629 |
|
|
126,056,595 |
|
|
6,066,993,384 |
|
(1)Director since April 26, 2023
(2)Director until April 26, 2023
At the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 25, 2024, shareholders approved the Board of Directors compensation for 2024, including the compensation for the Audit and Financial Risk Committee, Corporate Governance Committee and the Safety, Health and Environmental Committee.
During 2024, directors will be paid a monthly retainer fee, which is independent of attendance and the number of Board sessions. For the Chairman and the Vice Chairman, the fee amounts to UF 800 and UF 700 per month respectively. For the remaining six directors, the fee amounts to UF 600 per month each. In addition, the directors will receive variable compensation (in Chilean pesos) based on a profit-sharing program approved by the shareholders. Both the Chairman and the Vice Chairman will receive the equivalent of 0.12% of the income before taxes that the Company will obtain during the 2024 fiscal year (the "Income before Taxes") and each of the remaining six directors will receive the equivalent of 0.06% of the Income before Taxes.
In addition, during 2024, members of the Directors’ Committee each will be paid UF 200 per month, regardless of the number of sessions held by the Directors’ Committee. The members of the Directors’ Committee will also receive variable compensation (in Chilean pesos) based on a profit-sharing program approved by the shareholders. Each member of the Directors’ Committee will receive an amount equal to 0.02% of the Income before Tax.
The variable remuneration that the directors will be eligible to receive in 2024 will be calculated with a maximum limit set at 110% of the variable remuneration paid to the Company's directors for the 2023 fiscal year.
During 2024, the members of the Safety, Health and Environmental and the Corporate Governance Committees each will receive UF 100 per month, regardless of the number of sessions held.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the aggregate compensation paid to our 153 members of management based in Chile was US$37.4 million. We do not disclose to our shareholders or otherwise make available to the public information as to the compensation of our individual executive officers.
We maintain incentive programs for our employees based on individual performance, company performance and short-term indicators. We provide executives with an annual and a long-term bonus plan. Their incentives are based on target achievement, individual contribution to the Company’s operating results, and the Company’s performance. SQM also operates a compensation plan designed to retain its executives by providing bonuses linked to the Company’s share price.
As of December 31, 2023, we had a provision related to all of the incentive programs in the aggregate of US$62.0 million.
We do not maintain any pension or retirement programs for the members of the Board of Directors or our executive officers in Chile.
6.C.Board Practices
Information regarding the period of time each of SQM’s current Directors has served in his office is provided in the discussion of each member of the Board of Directors above in “Item 6.A. Directors and Senior Managers.”
The date of expiration of the term of the current Board of Directors is April 2027. The contracts of our executive officers are indefinite. The current Board of Directors was elected at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 25, 2024 for a three-year term expiring in April 2027.
The members of the Board of Directors are remunerated in accordance with the information provided above in “Item 6.B. Compensation.” There are no contracts between SQM, or any of its subsidiaries, and the members of the Board of Directors providing for benefits upon termination of their term.
Directors’ Committee – Audit Committee
As required by Chilean Law, during 2023, we had a Directors’ Committee (Comité de Directores) composed of three Directors, which performs the functions of an audit committee. Under the NYSE corporate governance rules, the audit committee of a U.S. company must perform the functions detailed in the NYSE Listed Company Manual Rules 303A.06 and 303A.07. Non-U.S. companies are required to comply with Rule 303A.06 but are not required to comply with Rule 303A.07.
From April 26, 2023 until April 24, 2024, our Directors’ Committee was comprised of three Directors: Mr. Antonio Gil N., Mrs. Gina Ocqueteau T., and Mr. Ashley Ozols. Each of the three members met the NYSE independence and Chilean independence requirements for audit committee members. Mr. Ozols held the position of Chairman of the Directors’ Committee.
During 2023, the Directors’ Committee (the “Committee”) analyzed (i) the Company’s Unaudited Financial Statements and Reports; (ii) the Company’s Audited Financial Statements and Reports; (iii) the Reports and proposals of external auditors, accounts inspectors and independent risk rating agencies for the Company; (iv) the proposal to SQM’s Board of Directors about the external auditors and independent rating agencies for the Board to recommend to the shareholders’ meeting for their subsequent appointment; (v) the tax and other services, other than audit services, provided by the Company’s external auditors and its subsidiaries in Chile and abroad; (vi) the remuneration and compensation plans for the Company’s main executives; (vii) the proposals to the Board of Directors on corporate policies that the Company must have, in accordance with the law; (viii) the Company’s risk matrix; (ix) the activity related to the Company’s compliance program; (x) the report on internal control of the Company and (xi) the various matters referred to in the Chapter titled “Directors’ Committee” included in SQM’s Financial Statements at December 31, 2023.
Regarding the above, the Committee:
(a)Examined the information regarding the financial statements of SQM for the 2023 fiscal year and the report issued thereon by the external auditors of SQM, Similarly, it also examined the Company’s Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the 2023 fiscal year.
(b)Proposed to the Company’s Board of Directors the names of the External Auditors and the Independent Credit Rating Agencies for SQM and the Company’s Board of Directors, in turn, suggested their appointment to the respective Annual General Shareholders Meeting of SQM. The Company’s Board of Directors approved said suggestions and the Shareholders’ Meeting also ratified them.
(c)Examined and approved the remuneration system and the compensation plans for the Company’s employees and senior executives.
(d)Examined the background information related to the negotiations of a transaction for SQM Australia Pty Ltd., (“SQM Australia”) to acquire approximately 80% of the outstanding shares of Azure. SQM Australia owns approximately 19.9% of Azure’s outstanding shares, therefore, Azure is a related party of the Company. The Committee recommended the approval of the negotiations with Azure to the Board of Directors.
The Committee also (i) authorized the contracting by the Company of various consulting services with PwC on non-audit related matters, (ii) reviewed the expenses of the Company’s CEO, (iii) reviewed the reports from the Company’s internal audit and risk and compliance areas, and (iv) examined the information presented by the external auditors.
The Committee issued the Annual Management Report referred to in the Chilean Corporations Act.
Except for the SQM Australia-Azure transaction described in letter (d) above, during 2023, the Company did not enter into any other related party transactions which are required to follow the requirements and procedures established in title XVI of the Corporations Act. Therefore, except for the transaction described in letter (d) above and for a potential transaction that was not entered into by the Company, the Committee was not required to examine information regarding other related party transactions.
From on April 25, 2024, our Directors’ Committee has been comprised of three Directors: Mr. Hernan Büchi, Mr. Antonio Gil N. and Mrs. Gina Ocqueteau T. Each of the three members met the NYSE independence and Chilean independence requirements for audit committee members. The Chairman of the Directors’ Committee is expected to be elected at the next committee meeting to be held in May 2024.
At the Annual General Shareholders’ Meetings held on April 26, 2023 and April 25, 2024, the shareholders of SQM approved an operational budget for the Committee equivalent to the sum of the annual remunerations of the members of the Committee and US$250,000 for the 2023 and 2024 fiscal years. The activities carried out by the Committee, as well as the expenses incurred by it, are disclosed at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting.
Article 50 bis of the Chilean Corporations Act states that the Committee should consist of three Directors, of which at least one member should preferably be independent from the controller (i.e., any person or entity who “controls” the company for Chilean law purposes), if any, and that their functions be remunerated.
Compensation Recovery Policy
In October 2022, the SEC adopted Rule 10D-1 under the Exchange Act, requiring national securities exchanges and national securities associations, such as NYSE, to require listed companies to adopt a written compensation recovery (clawback) policy providing for the recovery, in the event of a required accounting restatement, of incentive-based compensation received by the Chief Executive Officer and certain other “executive officers” as defined in Rule 10D-1(d) under the Exchange Act. The amendment to NYSE’s listing rules became effective on October 2, 2023, and issuers like SQM listed on NYSE were required to adopt SEC-compliant clawback policies by December 1, 2023.
On October 18, 2023, our Board of Directors adopted SQM’s compensation recovery policy, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 97 to this Form 20-F. The compensation recovery policy complies with the requirements of Section 303A.14 of the NYSE listing rules implementing SEC Rule 10D-1.
Under our compensation recovery policy, in the event we are required to prepare an accounting restatement due to (i) material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirements under U.S. securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in a previously issued financial statement that is material to such previously issued financial statement, or (ii) an error not material to a previously issued financial statement, but that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period financial statements or left uncorrected in the current period financial statements, we are entitled to recover a portion or all of any incentive-based compensation provided to certain current or former executive officers (including the CEO, the CFO and the principal accounting officer), who, during a three-year period preceding the date on which an accounting restatement is required, received incentive compensation based on the erroneous financial data that exceeds the amount of incentive-based compensation the executive officer would have received based on the restatement. The Directors’ Committee administers our compensation recovery policy and has discretion, in accordance with the applicable laws, rules and regulations, to determine how to seek recovery under the policy and may forego recovery if it determines that recovery would be impracticable.
Comparative Summary of Differences in Corporate Governance Standards
The following table provides a comparative summary of differences in corporate governance practices followed by us under our home-country rules and those applicable to U.S. domestic issuers pursuant to Section 303A of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Listed Company Manual.
Listed Companies that are foreign private issuers, such as SQM, are permitted to follow home country practices in lieu of the provisions of Section 303A, except such companies are required to comply with the requirements of Section 303A.06, 303A.11 and 303A.12(b) and (c).
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| Section |
|
|
NYSE Standards |
|
|
SQM practices pursuant to Chilean Stock Exchange regulations |
| 303A.01 |
|
|
Listed companies must have a majority of independent directors. |
|
|
There is no legal obligation to have a majority of independent directors on the Board but, according to Chilean law, the Company’s directors cannot serve as executive officers. |
| 303A.02 |
|
|
No director qualifies as “independent” unless the Board of Directors affirmatively determines that the director has no material relationship with the listed company (either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the company).
In addition, a director is not independent if:
(i) The director is, or has been within the last three years, an employee of the listed company, or an immediate family member is, or has been within the last three years, an executive officer, of the listed company.
(ii) The director has received, or has an immediate family member who has received, during any twelve-month period within the last three years, more than $120,000 in direct compensation from the listed company, other than director and committee fees and pension or other forms of deferred compensation for prior service (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service).
(iii) (A) The director is a current partner or employee of a firm that is the listed company’s internal or external auditor; (B) the director has an immediate family member who is a current partner of such a firm; (C) the director has an immediate family member who is a current employee of such a firm and personally works on the listed company’s audit; or (D) the director or an immediate family member was within the last three years a partner or employee of such a firm and personally worked on the listed company’s audit within that time.
(iv) The director or an immediate family member is, or has been with the last three years, employed as an executive officer of another company where any of the listed company’s present executive officers at the same time serves or served on that company’s compensation committee.
(v) The director is a current employee, or an immediate family member is a current executive officer, of a company that has made payments to, or received payments from, the listed company for property or services in an amount which, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of $1 million, or 2% of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues. |
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|
A director would not be considered independent if, at any time, within the last 18 months he or she:
(i)Maintained any relationship of a relevant nature and amount with the company, with other companies of the same group, with its controlling shareholder or with the principal officers of any of them or has been a director, manager, administrator or officer of any of them;
(ii)Maintained a family relationship with any of the members described in (i) above;
(iii) Has been a director, manager, administrator or principal officer of non-profit organizations that have received contributions from (i) above;
(iv) Has been a partner or a shareholder that has had or controlled, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the capital stock or has been a director, manager, administrator or principal officer of an entity that has provided consulting or legal services for a relevant consideration or external audit services to the persons listed in (i) above;
(v) Has been a partner or a shareholder that has had or controlled, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the capital stock or has been a director, manager, administrator or principal officer of the principal competitor, supplier or clients.
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| 303A.03 |
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|
The non-management directors must meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management. |
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These meetings are not needed given that directors cannot serve as executive officers. |
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| Section |
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NYSE Standards |
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SQM practices pursuant to Chilean Stock Exchange regulations |
| 303A.04 |
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(a) Listed companies must have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors.
(b) The nominating/corporate governance committee must have a written charter that addresses:
(i) the committee’s purpose and responsibilities – which, at minimum, must be to: identify individuals qualified to become board members, consistent with criteria approved by the board, and to select, or to recommend that the board select, the director nominees for the next annual meeting of shareholders; develop and recommend to the board a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to the corporation; and oversee the evaluation of the board and management; and
(ii) an annual performance evaluation of the committee.
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This committee is not required as such in the Chilean regulations. However, pursuant to Chilean regulations SQM has a Directors’ Committee (see Board practices above). |
| 303A.05 |
|
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Listed companies must have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors, and must have a written charter |
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This committee is not required as such in the Chilean regulations. Pursuant to Chilean regulations, SQM has a Directors’ Committee (see Board practices above) that is responsible for reviewing management’s compensation. |
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303A.06
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Listed companies must have an audit committee that satisfies the requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
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This committee is not required as such in the Chilean regulations. Pursuant to Chilean regulations, SQM has a Directors’ Committee that performs the functions of an audit committee and that complies with the requirements of the NYSE corporate governance rules. |
| 303A.07 |
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The audit committee is subject to requirements that are in addition to Section 303A.06. This includes, among others, the following requirements: the audit committee must have a minimum of three members; all audit committee members must satisfy requirements of independence; the audit committee must have a written charter; each listed company must have an internal audit function to provide management with ongoing assistance of the company’s risk management process and the system of internal controls. |
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Pursuant to Section 303A.00, SQM is not required to comply with requirements in 303A.07. Pursuant to Chilean Regulations SQM has a Directors’ Committee (see Board practices above) that also performs the functions of an audit committee with certain requirements of independence. |
| 303A.08 |
|
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Shareholders must have the opportunity to vote on all equity-compensation plans and material revisions thereto. |
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SQM does not have equity compensation plans. However, as mentioned in Item 6.B. Compensation, SQM does have a long-term cash bonus compensation plan. Directors and executives may only acquire SQM shares by individual purchases. The purchaser must give notice of such purchases to the Company and the Financial Market Commission. |
| 303A.09 |
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Listed companies must adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. |
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Chilean law does not require that corporate governance guidelines be adopted. Directors’ responsibilities and access to management and independent advisors are directly provided for by applicable law. Directors’ compensation is approved at the annual meeting of shareholders, pursuant to applicable law. |
| 303A.10 |
|
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Listed companies must adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. |
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Not required in the Chilean regulations. SQM has adopted and disclosed a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, available at the Company’s website, www.sqm.com. |
| 303A.11 |
|
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Listed foreign private issuers must disclose any significant ways in which their corporate governance practices differ from those followed by domestic companies under NYSE listed standards. |
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Pursuant to 303A.11, this table shows a comparative summary of differences in corporate governance practices followed by SQM under Chilean regulations and those applicable to U.S. domestic issuers pursuant to Section 303A. |
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| Section |
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NYSE Standards |
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SQM practices pursuant to Chilean Stock Exchange regulations |
| 303A.12 |
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Each listed company CEO must (a) certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware of any violation by the listed company of NYSE corporate governance listing standards; (b) promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any executive officer becomes aware of any non-compliance with any applicable provisions of Section 303A; and (c) submit an executed Written Affirmation annually to the NYSE. In addition, each listed company must submit an interim Written Affirmation as and when required by the interim Written Affirmation form specified by the NYSE. The annual and interim Written Affirmations must be in the form specified by the NYSE. |
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Not required in the Chilean regulations. The CEO must only comply with Section 303A.12 (b) and (c). |
| 303A.13 |
|
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The NYSE may issue a public reprimand letter to any listed company that violates a NYSE listing standard. |
|
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Not specified in the Chilean regulations. |
303A.14 |
|
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The initial or continued listing of any security of an
issuer that is not in compliance with the recovery policy
for erroneously awarded compensation pursuant to the
provisions of Section 303A.14 is prohibited.
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Not specified in the Chilean regulations. |
6.D.Employees
As of December 31, 2023, we had 7,682 permanent employees, 648 of whom were employed outside of Chile. The average tenure of our permanent employees is approximately 6.4 years.
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As of December 31, |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| Employees in Chile |
7,034 |
|
6,533 |
|
5,671 |
| Employees outside of Chile |
648 |
|
464 |
|
410 |
| Total employees |
7,682 |
|
6,997 |
|
6,081 |
Over 92% of our employees are employed in Chile, of which approximately 78.3% were represented by 22 labor unions as of December 31, 2023. In 2022, we renewed 15 of the collective bargaining agreements. In November, 2023, a new renegotiation cycle began and as of December 31, 2023, three collective bargaining agreements had been renegotiated. The terms of such agreements currently in effect are three years, and expiration dates of such agreements vary from agreement to agreement. Under these agreements, employees receive a salary according to a scale that depends upon job function. Unionized employees also receive certain benefits provided by law and certain benefits provided under the applicable collective bargaining agreement, which vary depending upon the terms of the collective agreement, such as scholarships, holiday bonuses and additional health, death and disability benefits, among others.
In addition, we own all of the equity of Institución de Salud Previsional Norte Grande Limitada (“Isapre Norte Grande”), which is a health care organization that provides medical services primarily to our employees, and of Sociedad Prestadora de Servicios de Salud Cruz de Norte S.A. (“Prestadora”), which is a hospital in María Elena. We make contributions to Isapre Norte Grande and to Prestadora in accordance with Chilean laws and the provisions of our various collective bargaining agreements, but we are not otherwise responsible for their liabilities.
Non-unionized employees receive individually negotiated salaries, benefits provided for by law and certain additional benefits which we provide.
We provide housing and other facilities and services for employees and their families at the María Elena site.
We do not maintain any pension or retirement programs for our Chilean employees. Most workers in Chile are subject to a national pension law, adopted in 1980, which establishes a system of independent pension plans that are administered by the corresponding Pension Fund Administrator (Sociedad Administradora de Fondos de Pensiones). We have no liability for the performance of any of these pension plans or any pension payments to be made to our employees. We do, however, sponsor staff severance indemnities plans for our employees and employees of our Chilean subsidiaries whereby we commit to provide a lump sum payment to each employee at the end of his/her employment, whether due to death, termination, or resignation.
We are exposed to labor strikes and illegal work stoppages by both our own employees and our independent contractors’ employees that could impact our production levels in both our own plants and our independent contractors’ plants. If a strike or illegal work stoppage occurs and continues for a sustained period of time, we could be faced with increased costs and even disruption in our product flow that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
6.E.Share Ownership
We do not grant stock options or other arrangements involving the capital of SQM to directors, managers or employees. For more information on the shareholdings of current directors and executive officers, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Directors and Senior Management.”
6.F.Disclosure of a registrant’s action to recover erroneously awarded compensation
We did not have any accounting restatement that required recovery of erroneously awarded compensation pursuant to the Company's compensation recovery policy, during or after the last completed fiscal year. The complete copy of the Company's incentive-based compensation recovery policy is filed as Exhibit 97 to this Form 20-F.
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
7.A.Major Shareholders
The following table shows certain information concerning beneficial ownership of the Series A and Series B common shares of SQM as of March 1, 2024 with respect to each shareholder known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of the outstanding Series A or Series B common shares. The following information is derived from the shareholder registry of the Depósito Central de Valores S.A. (the “DCV”) and reports filed by certain of the persons named below with the CMF and the Santiago Stock Exchange.
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| Shareholder |
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Number of
Series A shares
beneficially
owned |
|
% Series
A shares |
|
Number of
Series B
shares
beneficially
owned |
|
% Series
B shares |
|
% total
shares |
Tianqi Lithium Corporation(1) |
|
62,556,568 |
|
43.80 |
% |
|
748,490 |
|
0.55 |
% |
|
22.16 |
% |
Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera S.A. (2) (3) |
|
44,989,231 |
|
31.50 |
% |
|
1,611,227 |
|
1.13 |
% |
|
16.31 |
% |
The Bank of New York Mellon ADRs (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
42,527,927 |
|
29.78 |
% |
|
14.89 |
% |
Potasios de Chile S.A.(3) |
|
18,179,147 |
|
12.73 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
6.35 |
% |
Banco de Chile por cuenta de State Street |
|
|
|
|
|
11,892,217 |
|
8.33 |
% |
|
4.16 |
% |
AFP Habitat S.A. |
|
608,080 |
|
0.43 |
% |
|
9,991,205 |
|
7.00 |
% |
|
3.71 |
% |
Inversiones Global Mining Chile Ltda.(3) |
|
8,798,539 |
|
6.16 |
% |
|
— |
|
— |
|
3.08 |
% |
| Banco Santander por cuenta de Inversionistas por extranjeros |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
8,751,552 |
|
6.13 |
% |
|
3.06 |
% |
AFP Cuprum S.A. |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
8,278,796 |
|
5.80 |
% |
|
2.90 |
% |
AFP Provida S.A. |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
8,142,082 |
|
5.70 |
% |
|
2.85 |
% |
AFP Capital S.A. |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,800,496 |
|
5.46 |
% |
|
2.73 |
% |
________________________________________________
(1)SQM has been informed that Tianqi Lithium Corporation (“Tianqi”) (i) owns 100% of the shares of Inversiones TLC SpA, and, accordingly, is the beneficial owner of 62,556,568 Series A common shares held by Inversiones TLC SpA registered in the shareholder registry of the DCV as of March 1, 2024 and (ii) owns directly 748,490 Series B common shares in the form of ADSs. Therefore, Tianqi beneficially owns 22.16%, of SQM’s total shares.
(2)Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera S.A (“Pampa Calichera”) is a publicly held corporation whose shares are traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange. Originally, the shareholders of Pampa Calichera were employees of SQM. Pampa Calichera was formed to hold the capital stock of SQM contributed by such employees or later acquired in the open market.
(3)SQM has been informed that, as of March 1, 2024, the indirect controller of Norte Grande S.A. is Pacific Atlantic International Holding Corporation. 100% of the shares into which the capital of Pacific Atlantic International Holding Corporation is divided is part of a trust, called The Pacific Trust, constituted by Mr. Julio Ponce Lerou in favor of his children, in equal parts, the following: Julio Ponce Pinochet, Alejandro Ponce Pinochet, Francisca Ponce Pinochet and Daniela Ponce Pinochet. Pacific Atlantic International Holding Corporation owns 100% of the shares into which the capital of the company SQ Grand Corp. is divided, which in turn has 99.99% of the social rights of Inversiones SQ Limitada, who owns the 92% of the shares of Inversiones SQYA SpA. Inversiones SQ limitada owns 0.026% of the shares of Norte Grande S.A., and Inversiones SQYA SpA, for its part, owns 80.80% of the shares of Norte Grande S.A., of 3.89% of the shares of Sociedad de Inversiones Oro Blanco S.A. and 7.44% of the shares of Nitratos de Chile S.A. Norte Grande S.A. owns 81.17% of the shares of Sociedad de Inversiones Oro Blanco S.A. and 83.91% of the shares of Nitratos de Chile S.A. Sociedad de Inversiones Oro Blanco S.A. owns 88.82% of the shares of Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera S.A. Nitratos de Chile S.A. owns 99.02% of the shares of Potasios de Chile S.A., which in turn owns 10.09% of the shares of Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera S.A. Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera S.A. owns 100% of the shares of Global Mining SpA. Potasios de Chile S.A. owns 6.36% of the shares of SQM S.A., Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera S.A. owns 16.31% of the shares of SQM S.A. and Global Mining Spa owns 3.08% of the shares of SQM S.A.
(4)Includes 748,490 Series B common shares held by Tianqi in the form of ADSs described in footnote (1) above.
As of March 1, 2024, SQM did not have a Controller Group.
Tianqi Extrajudicial Agreement with the FNE
In August 2018, after an investigation by the FNE in connection with the proposed acquisition by Tianqi of 23.77% of the Company’s then-outstanding total shares, Tianqi and the FNE entered into an extrajudicial agreement (the “Extrajudicial Agreement”) which implemented certain restrictive measures in order to (i) maintain the competitive conditions of the lithium market, (ii) mitigate the risks described in the Extrajudicial Agreement and (iii) limit Tianqi’s access to certain information of the Company and its subsidiaries, which are defined as sensitive under the Extrajudicial Agreement (“Sensitive Information”) (collectively, the “Purpose”). Pursuant to the Extrajudicial Agreement, Tianqi agreed that, among other things:
•Tianqi will not nominate any of its directors, executives or employees to the SQM Board of Directors;
•Tianqi and the directors nominated by it will not influence or intervene for the benefit of Tianqi and prejudice the interests of SQM;
•The directors nominated by Tianqi will not participate nor will they be part of any committees, the management or other decision-making bodies related to lithium of SQM or of any companies controlled by SQM, unless nominated by independent directors;
•Tianqi will inform the FNE of any agreement in the lithium market, with Albemarle and/or SQM, prior to its execution;
•Tianqi will notify the FNE of any event from which it acquires control or decisive influence in SQM;
•Tianqi will disassociate any director, executive or employee appointed by third parties, who assumes a position described above in SQM;
•Tianqi will not request access to Sensitive Information from SQM;
•The directors nominated by Tianqi will not disclose Sensitive Information of SQM;
•The directors nominated by Tianqi will personally bind themselves to the obligations assumed by Tianqi with the FNE; and
•Tianqi will report to the FNE the appointments and periodic compliance with its obligations.
The restrictions will remain in place for a period of six years.
During the approval process for the Extrajudicial Agreement before the FNE, the Company expressed its concerns to the Chilean Antitrust Court regarding the measures contained in the Extrajudicial Agreement, including that (i) it could not effectively resolve the risks that Tianqi and the FNE sought to mitigate, (ii) the restrictions are not correctly oriented to avoid the access to Sensitive Information that, in the possession of a competitor, could damage the Company and the proper functioning of the market and (iii) it could contradict the Chilean Corporations Act. The Extrajudicial Agreement was approved in October 2018 by the Chilean Antitrust Court. A copy of the Extrajudicial Agreement, in Spanish, has been made publicly available on the Company’s website at www.sqm.com and is also available on the FNE’s website at http://www.fne.gob.cl
In light of the Company’s concerns regarding the limitations of the Extrajudicial Agreement measures, the Company’s Board of Directors deemed it necessary to adopt measures aimed at achieving the purpose of the Extrajudicial Agreement, avoiding greater points of contact between Sensitive Information and Tianqi, to complement the Extrajudicial Agreement and adopted a protocol for the presentation and use of Sensitive Information (as defined in the Extrajudicial Agreement) on September 30, 2019. See “Item 10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association—Board Protocol for Presentation and Use of Sensitive Information” below.
Approximately 1,163 record holders were in Chile as of March 1, 2024.
Series A and Series B common shares have the same economic rights (i.e., both series are entitled to share equally in any dividends declared on the outstanding stock) and voting rights at any shareholders’ meeting, whether ordinary or extraordinary, with the exception of the election of the Board, in which the Series A shareholders elect seven members and the Series B shareholders elect one member.
Additionally, Series B common shares cannot exceed 50% of SQM’s issued, subscribed and paid shares; shareholders of at least 5% of this Series may call an Ordinary or Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting; and the director elected by this Series may request an extraordinary Board meeting without the authorization of the Chairman of the Board. These conditions will remain in effect until 2043. Under our By-laws, the maximum individual voting power personally and/or in representation of other shareholders per Series is limited to 37.5% of the subscribed shares of each Series with voting rights and 32% of the total subscribed shares with voting rights, with any excess being deducted from the number of shares such shareholder may vote. To calculate these percentages, shares that belong to the voting shareholder’s related persons must be added. In addition, the director elected by the Series B shareholders cannot vote in the election of the Chairman of the Board if a tie vote has occurred in the prior voting process.
As of April 29, 2024, there were 142,818,904 Series A common shares and 142,818,904 Series B common shares outstanding.
7.B.Related Party Transactions
Title XVI of the Chilean Corporations Act regulates transactions with related parties for publicly held corporations and its related parties.
Articles 146 to 149 of the Chilean Corporations Act requires that our transactions with related parties (i) have as their purpose to contribute to SQM’s interests (ii) be on price, terms and conditions similar to those customarily prevailing in the market at the time of their approval and (iii) satisfy the requirements and procedures established by the Chilean Corporations Act. Violation of such articles may also result in administrative or criminal sanctions and civil liability may be sought by SQM, shareholders or interested third parties that suffer losses as a result of such violations.
In addition, article 89 of the Chilean Corporations Act requires that transactions between affiliates, subsidiaries or related parties of a closed-stock company, such as some of SQM’s main affiliates and subsidiaries, shall also be on terms similar to those customarily prevailing in the market. Directors and executive officers of companies that violate article 89 are liable for losses resulting from such violations.
With respect to SQM, transactions with related parties include negotiations, proceedings, contracts or transactions involving SQM and its directors, managers and officers, and their spouses and relatives, and other companies and persons connected to the abovementioned parties or mentioned in the By-laws or by the Directors’ Committee.
Such transactions may only be carried out if (i) their objective is to contribute to SQM’s interests and if their price, terms and conditions conform to prevailing market prices, terms and conditions at the time of their approval and (ii) they satisfy the requirements and procedures established by the Chilean Corporations Act. Such requirements include, among others:
•that the transaction be informed to the Directors’ Committee and to the Board of Directors prior to its execution;
•that the Board of Directors, excluding any Directors involved in the transaction, approves the transaction with an absolute majority of its members, or, if an absolute majority is not feasible, with a unanimous vote by the Directors not involved in the transaction, or, if neither of these options is available, that an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting be held and that shareholders representing 2/3 of the outstanding shares with voting rights approve the transaction. In the latter case, prior to the meeting, the shareholders must be provided with a report by an independent evaluator and with statements by the directors as to whether or not such transaction is in SQM’s interest;
•that the grounds for the decision and for the exclusion be recorded in the respective minutes of the Board meeting; and
•that the agreement and the names of the directors who approved the same be reported at the next shareholders’ meeting. Infractions will not affect the validity of the transaction but they will grant SQM or its shareholders the right to demand that the related party committing such infraction refund the amount equivalent to the benefits received by such party in the transaction to SQM, and that such party indemnify for any corresponding damages.
However, the Board of Directors has authorized the following transactions with related parties to be carried out without following such requirements and procedures, as long as such authorization is obtained in advance: (a) transactions wherein the amount of the transaction is not significant or (b) transactions that, according to the Policy on Customary Transactions with Related Parties, are considered normal based on SQM’s business activities or (c) transactions carried out between legal entities wherein SQM holds at least a 95% ownership interest in the counterpart.
Accounts receivable from and payable to related companies are stated in U.S. dollars and accrue no interest. Other than the above, transactions are made under terms and conditions that are similar to those offered to unrelated third parties. We further believe that we could obtain from third parties all raw materials now being provided by related parties that are not our affiliates. The provision of such raw materials by new suppliers could initially entail additional expenses.
In each case, terms and conditions vary depending on the transaction pursuant to which it was generated.
In March 2022, the Company adopted a Conflict of Interest Policy which is applicable to all directors, executives and employees of the Company. Under the policy, conflicts of interest may arise where there are family relationships, ownership relationships, management relationships or other situations where the director, executive or employee’s impartiality may be diminished or whose decisions may be contrary to the duty of probity that governs their actions. The policy provides procedure for the resolution of the conflict of interest. For directors, the procedures involve the Company’s compliance officer agreeing with the Directors’ Committee to propose a resolution for approval by the Board of Directors. In the event that a director has an interest or participates in a transaction with related parties that constitutes a conflict of interest under the policy, the related party transaction procedures under the Chilean Corporations Act described above would apply in lieu of the policy. Directors are required to present a declaration of conflict of interest within a month following their appointment as a director and each time a new conflict of interest not previously declared is identified.
In November 2022, the Board of Directors amended the Policy on Customary Transactions with Related Parties.
The Company regularly enters into business arrangements with related parties, principally its joint ventures and associates, which are described in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.
7.C.Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
8.A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
8.A.1See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
8.A.2See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
8.A.3See “Item 19. Exhibits—Index to Financial Statements—Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”
8.A.4Not applicable.
8.A.5Not applicable.
8.A.6Export Sales
We derive most of our revenues from sales outside of Chile. The distribution of sales presented below reflects the location of the Company’s subsidiaries making such sales and does not necessarily reflect the final destination of the products sold.
The following is the composition of the consolidated sales for the periods ending on December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Th. US$ |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
| Foreign sales |
|
7,306,869 |
|
|
10,487,430 |
|
|
2,642,672 |
|
| Total sales |
|
7,476,550 |
|
|
10,710,578 |
|
|
2,862,320 |
|
| Foreign sales % |
|
97.7 |
% |
|
97.9 |
% |
|
92.3 |
% |
8.A.7Legal Proceedings
SQMNA Litigation
In October 2010, the City of Pomona, California, named SQM North America Corporation (“SQMNA”) and SQM as defendants in an action filed in the California Superior Court for Los Angeles County (the “Pomona Case”). In this matter, the plaintiff seeks damages for alleged groundwater contamination from the use of defendants’ fertilizer products. The plaintiff subsequently withdrew its lawsuit against SQM. The case was removed to the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California and on June 10, 2015, the jury rejected the lawsuit against SQMNA, and the plaintiff filed an appeal which was granted by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The matter was then remanded to the District Court for a complete retrial. On May 17, 2018, after a new trial in the District Court, a jury ruled in favor of SQMNA. On September 8, 2021, a jury found in favor of Pomona and against SQMNA on a single cause of action for strict products liability under California law. The jury found that Pomona’s damages were US$48,128,378. On January 27, 2022, the District Court entered judgment for Pomona in the amount of US$48,128,378. On August 1, 2023, the District Court granted a remittitur order reducing the award to the amount of US$30,280,802. SQMNA paid the reduced amount and the case is terminated.
In October 2010, the City of Lindsay, California, named SQM and SQMNA as defendants in an action filed in the California Superior Court for Tulare County. In this matter, the plaintiff seeks damages for alleged groundwater contamination from the use of defendants’ fertilizer products. This case was removed to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California and is pending in the trial court. On February 5, 2024, the Court ordered the resumption of proceedings, as they had been suspended. SQMNA and SQM intend to vigorously defend the action.
Chilean Tax Litigation
The Chilean Internal Revenue Service (“SII” in its Spanish acronym) has sought to broaden the application of the specific tax on mining activities in Chile to the extraction of lithium, a substance that is not concessionable by law, and has levied taxes as of December 31, 2023, in the amount of US$986.3 million on SQM Salar for the tax years 2012 to 2023 (business years 2011 to 2022) on that basis. SQM Salar paid the tax assessments and filed seven tax claims against the SII challenging these taxes (the "Claims"). See Note 20.3 to our consolidated financial statements.
SQM Salar made payments in the total amount of US$986.3 million, associated with both, the tax claims amounting US$201.3 million and a pending claim for US$785.0 million, as explained in Note 20.3 to our consolidated financial statements. These payments were accounting for in the consolidated financial statements of the Company as “Non-current tax assets”, including an overcharge amount of US$59.5 million, tax amount of US$818.0 million and interest and fees amount of US$108.7 million.
The SII has not invoiced the Company for differences on specific mining tax with respect to the 2024 tax year (2023 business year). If the SII uses criteria similar to that used in previous years, then it may invoice the Company in the future for the 2023 business year, which the Company estimates could be approximately US$162.7 million as the tax claim, net of corporate income taxes, but excluding interest and penalties.
The third tax case ruling was appealed by the SII, and on April 5, 2024 the Santiago Court of Appeal issued a ruling revoking the previous ruling handed down by the Tax and Customs Court covering the 2017-2018 tax years. Although the ruling of the Santiago Court of Appeal does not affect all other Claims, filed by SQM Salar against the SII, and is still subject to appeal by SQM Salar, it prompted the review of the accounting treatment for the Claims by the Company's Board of Directors. Consequently, the Company recognized a tax expense adjustment amounting to US$1,089.5 million, which corresponds to the impact that the interpretation of the Santiago Court of Appeal ruling could have on the Claims (corresponding to US$926.7 million relating to tax years 2012 to 2022 and US$162.7 million relating to tax year 2023).
The Company maintains its firm position regarding the erroneous application of the specific tax on mining activity to the exploitation of lithium, a substance that is not concessionable by law in Chile, which had been recognized by the SII itself in the past, as well as by the executive, legislative and judicial powers in Chile. SQM Salar will continue to actively defend its position in the Claims.
Other Matters
In addition, various lawsuits, claims and proceedings, other than those specifically disclosed above, have been or may be instituted or asserted against the Company, relating to the conduct of the company’s business, including those pertaining to mining, civil, tort, commercial, labor and regulatory matters, among others. Although the outcome of other litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and some lawsuits, claims or proceedings may be disposed of unfavorably to the Company, our management believes the disposition of such other pending matters will not have a material effect on the company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
8.A.8.Dividend Policy
As required by Chilean law and regulations, our dividend policy is decided upon from time to time by our Board of Directors and is announced at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting, which is generally held in April of each year. Shareholder approval of the dividend policy is not required. However, each year the Board must submit the declaration of the final dividend or dividends in respect of the preceding year, consistent with the then-established dividend policy, to the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting for approval. As required by the Chilean Corporations Act, unless otherwise decided by unanimous vote of the holders of issued shares, we must distribute a cash dividend in an amount equal to at least 30% of our consolidated net income for that year (determined in accordance with CMF regulations), unless and to the extent the Company has a deficit in retained earnings.
On March 22, 2023, the Board of Directors, agreed to recommend to the shareholders the payment of a final dividend for 2022. The dividend payment was presented for consideration and approved at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 26, 2023. The amount of the final dividend approved by shareholders was US$10.94060 per share; the amounts paid as interim dividends were deducted from this amount; the balance, in the amount of US$3.22373 per share, was paid and distributed to Company’s shareholders on May 18, 2023.
SQM’s dividend policy for 2023 reported at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 26, 2023, included the following:
(a)Distribute and pay to the corresponding shareholders, a percentage of the net income that shall be determined per the following financial parameters as a final dividend (dividendo definitivo):
(i)100% of the 2023 net income, when the following financial parameters are met: (a) that the total current assets, divided by the total current financial liabilities is equal to or greater than 2.5 times, and (b) the sum of the total current liabilities and total non-current liabilities, excluding both cash and cash equivalents and other current financial assets, divided by the total equity is equal to or less than 0.8 times.
(ii)80% of the 2023 net income, when the following financial parameters are met: (a) that the total current assets, divided by the total sum of the total current financial liabilities is equal to or greater than 2.0 times, and (b) the total sum of the current liabilities and total non-current liabilities, excluding both cash and cash equivalents and other current financial assets divided by the total equity is equal to or less than 0.9 times.
(iii)60% of the 2023 net income, when the following financial parameters are met: (a) that the total current assets, divided by the total sum of the total current financial liabilities is equal to or greater than 1.5 times, and (b) the total sum of the current liabilities and total non-current liabilities, excluding both cash and cash equivalents and other current financial assets divided by the total equity is equal to or less than 1.0 times.
(iv)If none of the foregoing financial parameters are met, the Company shall distribute and pay 50% of the 2023 net income in favor of the respective shareholders as a final dividend.
(b)Distribute and pay, if possible and during 2023, interim dividends (dividendos provisorios) that will be charged against the aforementioned final dividend.
On May 17, 2023, on August 16, 2023, and on November 15, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors agreed to distribute and pay interim dividends equivalent to US$0.78760 per share, US$0.60940 per share and US$0.50347, respectively, both charged to the Company’s 2023 retained earnings. These amounts were paid in their equivalent in Chilean pesos according to the official exchange rate on July 20, 2023, on November 9, 2023, and on December 14, 2023, respectively (the “Interim Dividends”).
(c)The amount of the interim dividends may vary up or down, pursuant to the information available to the Board of Directors on the date on which it agrees to the distribution of said dividends given that the dividend will not materially or negatively affect the Company’s ability to make its investments, fulfill its liabilities, or in general, comply with the investment and finance policy approved at the ordinary general shareholders’ meeting.
(d)At the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting to be held in 2024, the Board of Directors will propose a final dividend pursuant to the percentages in financial parameters described in letter (a) above, deducting the total amount of the interim dividends previously distributed during 2023.
(e)If there is an excess of net income in 2023, this may be retained and assigned or allocated for financing the Company's own operations, to one or more investment projects of the Company, notwithstanding a possible distribution of special dividends (dividendos eventuales) charged to the retained earnings previously approved at the shareholders’ meeting, or the possible and future capitalization of all or part of the latter.
(f)The payment of additional dividends (dividendos adicionales) is not considered.
It is expressly stated that the dividend policy described above corresponds to the intention of the Board of Directors, and the compliance of it shall depend on the net income that the Company ultimately obtains, as well as the results of projections that could periodically impact the Company, or to the existence of determined conditions that may affect it, as applicable. If the dividend policy proposed by the Board of Directors suffers a substantial change, the Company must communicate it as an essential fact (hecho esencial).
On March 28, 2024, the Board of Directors, agreed to recommend to the shareholders approval the payment of a final dividend. The dividend payment was presented for consideration and approved at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 25, 2024. The amount of the final dividend approved by shareholders was US$2.11386 per share. The amounts of the interim dividends previously distributed during 2023 equivalent to US$1.90047 per share were deducted from the amount of the final dividend, leaving a balance equivalent to US$0.21339 to be paid and distributed on May 16, 2024.
SQM’s dividend policy for 2024 reported at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 25, 2024, included the following:
(a) Distribute and pay, as a final dividend (dividendo definitivo) to the corresponding shareholders, a percentage of the net income equal to 30% of the 2024 net income.
(b) Without prejudice to the foregoing, the percentage indicated in letter (a) above may be increased to the extent that the Company's Board of Directors deems that said increase does not materially and negatively affect the Company's ability to make its investments and to meet estimated future cash requirements, considering, among others, the following financial parameters:
(i) 60% of the 2024 net income, when the following financial parameters are met: (a) that the “total current assets”, divided by the “the total current liabilities”, both net of the respective dividend amount, is equal to or greater than 1.5 times, and (b) the sum of the “total current liabilities” and “total non-current liabilities”, excluding both “cash and cash equivalents” and “other current financial assets”, divided by the “total equity” is equal to or less than 1.0 times.
(ii) 80% of the 2024 net income, when the following financial parameters are met: (a) that the “total current assets”, divided by the “total current liabilities”, both net of the respective dividend amount, is equal to or greater than 2.0 times, and (b) the sum of the “total current liabilities” and “total non-current liabilities”, excluding both “cash and cash equivalents” and “other current financial assets”, divided by the “total equity” is equal to or less than 0.9 times.
(iii) 100% of the 2024 net income, when the following financial parameters are met: (a) that the “total current assets”, divided by the “total current liabilities”, both net of the respective dividend amount, is equal to or greater than 2.5 times, and (b) the sum of the “total current liabilities” and “total non-current liabilities”, excluding both “cash and cash equivalents” and “other current financial assets”, divided by the “total equity” is equal to or less than 0.8 times.
(c) Distribute and pay, if possible and subject to previously mentioned considerations, during 2024 and the first quarter of 2025, interim dividends (dividendos provisorios) that will be charged against the aforementioned final dividend.
(d) At the Annual General Shareholders’ meeting that will be held in 2025, the Board of Directors shall propose a final dividend deducting the total amount of the interim dividends previously distributed, provided that this does not materially and negatively affect the Company's ability to make its investments, comply with its obligations, and in general, to comply with the investment and financing policies approved by the shareholders at the Annual General Shareholders’ meeting.
(e) If there is an excess of net income in 2024, this may be retained and assigned or allocated for financing its own operations, to one or more investment projects of the Company, notwithstanding a possible distribution of special dividends (dividendos eventuales) charged to the retained earnings and approved at the shareholders’ meeting, or the possible and future capitalization of all or part of the latter.
(f) The payment of additional dividends (dividendos adicionales) is not considered.
It is expressly stated that the dividend policy described above corresponds to the intention of the Board of Directors, and the compliance of it shall depend on the net income that the Company ultimately obtains, as well as the results of periodic projections that could impact the Company, or to the existence of determined conditions that may affect it, as applicable. If the dividend policy proposed by the Board of Directors suffers a substantial change, the Company must communicate it as an essential fact (hecho esencial).
We generally declare dividends in U.S. dollars (but may declare dividends in Chilean pesos) and pay such dividends in Chilean pesos. When a dividend is declared in U.S. dollars, the exchange rate to be used to convert the dividend into Chilean pesos is decided by the shareholders at the meeting that approves the dividend, which has usually been the Observed Exchange Rate on the date the dividend is declared. In the case of interim dividends, the exchange rate to be used is the Observed Exchange Rate published a minimum of three business days before the payment date.
Holders of ADSs generally have the right to receive dividends and other distributions we make on Series B common shares held by the ADS custodian under the terms of the deposit agreement in proportion to the number of ADSs held as of the specified record date, after deduction of the applicable fees, taxes and expenses. Receipt of these dividends and distributions may be limited by practical considerations and legal limitations, which may delay the payment and receipt of dividends and distributions by ADS holders.
The depositary will, as promptly as practicable, convert all cash dividends and other cash distributions received by the depositary or the custodian in respect of the deposited Series B common shares into U.S. dollars and, as promptly as practicable, distribute the amount thus received (net of any fees of the depositary) to the holders of ADSs in proportion to the number of ADSs representing such Series B Shares held by each of them.
The amount distributed also will be reduced by any amounts required to be withheld by SQM, the depositary or the custodian on account of taxes and the depositary’s foreign currency conversion expenses.
The amount and timing for payment of dividends is subject to revision from time to time, depending upon our then current level of sales, costs, cash flow and capital requirements, as well as market conditions. Accordingly, there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of declaration or payment of dividends in the future. Any change in dividend policy would ordinarily be effective for dividends declared in the year following adoption of the change, and a notice as to any such change of policy must be filed with Chilean regulatory authorities and would be publicly available information.
Dividends
Each Series A common share and Series B common share is entitled to share equally in any dividends declared on the outstanding capital stock of SQM.
The following table shows the U.S. dollar equivalent of dividends per share and per ADS paid in each of the years indicated, based on the Observed Exchange Rate for the date on which the dividend was declared.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dividends |
|
Paid in |
|
Per Share |
|
Per ADS |
| Declared for the fiscal year |
|
Year |
|
Ch$ |
|
US$ |
| 2018 |
|
2019 |
|
212.38 |
|
|
0.31726 |
|
| n/a (eventual) |
|
2019 |
|
277.70 |
|
|
0.41274 |
|
| 2019 (interim) |
|
2019 |
|
215.25 |
|
|
0.30598 |
|
| 2019 (interim) |
|
2019 |
|
192.19 |
|
|
0.26669 |
|
| 2019 (interim) |
|
2019 |
|
190.39 |
|
|
0.22987 |
|
| 2019 |
|
2020 |
|
217.67 |
|
|
0.25414 |
|
| 2020 (interim) |
|
2020 |
|
138.91 |
|
|
0.17092 |
|
| 2020 (interim) |
|
2020 |
|
297.95 |
|
|
0.37994 |
|
| 2020 (interim) |
|
2020 |
|
10.79 |
|
|
0.01530 |
|
| 2020 |
|
2021 |
|
173.82 |
|
|
0.23797 |
|
| 2021 (interim) |
|
2021 |
|
243.70 |
|
|
0.31439 |
|
| n/a (eventual) |
|
2021 |
|
1,202.34 |
|
|
1.40037 |
|
| 2021 |
|
2022 |
|
82.46 |
|
|
0.09691 |
|
| 2022 (interim) |
|
2022 |
|
2,267.02 |
|
|
2.78716 |
|
| 2022 (interim) |
|
2022 |
|
1,776.62 |
|
|
1.84914 |
|
| n/a (eventual) |
|
2022 |
|
2,653.93 |
|
|
3.08057 |
|
| 2022 |
|
2023 |
|
2,537.08 |
|
|
3.22373 |
|
| 2023 (interim) |
|
2023 |
|
640.64 |
|
|
0.78760 |
|
| 2023 (interim) |
|
2023 |
|
537.06 |
|
|
0.60940 |
|
| 2023 (interim) |
|
2023 |
|
437.02 |
|
|
0.50347 |
|
Dividends payable to holders of ADSs will be paid net of conversion expenses of the depositary and will be subject to Chilean withholding tax, currently imposed at the rate of 35% (subject to credits in certain cases).
As a general requirement, a shareholder who is not a resident of Chile must register as a foreign investor under one of the foreign investment regimes contemplated by Chilean law to have dividends, sale proceeds or other amounts with respect to its shares remitted outside Chile through the Formal Exchange Market. Under the Foreign Investment Contract, the depositary, on behalf of ADS holders, will be granted access to the Formal Exchange Market to convert cash dividends from Chilean Pesos to U.S. dollars and to pay such U.S. dollars to ADS holders outside Chile net of taxes, and no separate registration of ADS holders is required.
8.B.Significant Changes
No significant change has occurred since the date of the financial statements set forth in Item 18.
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
9.A.Offer and Listing Details
Our Series A common shares and Series B common shares are currently traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange, and the Bolsa Electrónica de Chile Bolsa de Valores S.A., (the Electronic Stock Exchange) under the trading symbols “SQM-A” and “SQM-B”, respectively. ADSs, each representing one share of our Series B common shares are also traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the trading symbol “SQM”.
9.BPlan of Distribution
Not Applicable.
9.CMarkets
Our Series A common shares and Series B common shares have traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange and the Electronic Stock Exchange.The ADSs representing Series B common shares have traded on the NYSE since September 20, 1993. The depositary bank for these ADSs is The Bank of New York Mellon.
9.DSelling Shareholders
Not applicable.
9.EDilution
Not applicable.
9.FExpenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
10.A.Share Capital
Not applicable.
10.B.Memorandum and Articles of Association
Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A., headquartered at El Trovador No. 4285, 6th Floor, Santiago, Chile, is an open stock corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Chile. The Company was constituted by public deed issued on June 17, 1968 by Mr. Sergio Rodríguez Garcés, Notary Public of Santiago. Its existence was approved by Decree No. 1,164 of June 22, 1968, of the Ministry of Finance, and it was registered on June 29, 1968, in the Business Registry of Santiago, on page 4,537 No. 1,992.
Corporate purposes
Our main purposes, which appear in article 4 of our By-laws, are to: (a) perform all kinds of chemical or mining activities and businesses and, among others, those related to researching, prospecting, extracting, producing, working, processing, purchasing, disposing of, and marketing properties, as applicable, of all metallic and non-metallic and fossil mining substances and elements of any type or nature, to be obtained from them or from one or more concessions or mining deposits, and in their natural or converted state, or transformed into different raw materials or manufactured or partially manufactured products, and of all rights and properties thereon; (b) manufacture, produce, work, purchase, transfer ownership, import, export, distribute, transport, and market in any way, all kinds of fertilizers, components, raw materials, chemical, mining, agricultural, and industrial products, and their by-products; (c) generate, produce, distribute, purchase, transfer ownership, and market, in any way, all kinds of electrical, thermal, geothermic or other type of power, and hydric resources or water rights in general; (d) request, manifest, claim, constitute, explore, work, lease, transfer ownership, and purchase, in any way, all kinds of mining concessions; (e) purchase, transfer ownership, and administer, in any way, any kind of telecommunications, railroads, ships, ports, and any means of transport, and represent and manage shipping companies, common carriers by water, airlines, and carries in general; (f) manufacture, produce, market, maintain, repair, assemble, construct, disassemble, purchase and transfer ownership, and in any way, any kind of electromechanical structure, and substructure in general, components, parts, spares, or parts of equipment, and machines, and execute, develop, advice, and market, any kind of electromechanical or smelting activities; (g) purchase, transfer ownership, lease, and market any kind of agro industrial and farm forestry activities, in any way (h) purchase, transfer ownership, lease, and market, in any way, any kind of urban or rural real estate; (i) render any kind of health services and manage hospitals, private clinics, or similar facilities; (j) construct, maintain, purchase, transfer ownership, and manage, in any way, any kind of roads, tunnels, bridges, water supply systems, and other required infrastructure works, without any limitation, regardless of whether they may be public or private, among others, to participate in bids and enter into any kind of contracts, and to be the legal owner of the applicable concessions; and (k) purchase, transfer ownership, and market, in any way, any kind of intangible properties such as stocks, bonds, debentures, financial assets, commercial papers, shares or rights in corporations, and any kind of bearer securities or instruments, and to administer such investments, acting always within the Investment and Financing Policies approved by the applicable General Shareholders Meeting. We may comply with the foregoing by acting ourselves or through or with other different legal entities or natural persons, within the country or abroad, with properties of our own or owned by third parties, and additionally, in the ways and territories, and with the aforementioned properties and purposes, we may also construct and operate industrial or agricultural facilities or installations; constitute, administer, purchase, transfer ownership, dissolve, liquidate, transform, modify, or form part of partnerships, institutions, foundations, corporations, or associations of any kind or nature; perform all actions, enter into all contracts, and incur in all obligations convenient or necessary for the foregoing; perform any business or activity related to our properties, assets, or patrimony, or with that of our affiliates, associated companies, or related companies; and render financial, commercial, technical, legal, auditing, administrative, advisory, and other pertinent services.
Directors
As stated in article 9 of the Company’s By-laws, the Company has eight Directors. One of the directors must be “independent” as such term is defined in article 50 bis of the Chilean Corporations Act. Moreover, the possession of shares is not a condition necessary to become a director of the Company.
As stated in article 10 of the Company’s By-laws, the term of the directors is of three years and they can be reelected indefinitely; thus, there is no age limit for their retirement.
The Company’s By-laws, in articles 16 and 16 bis, essentially establish that the transactions in which a director has a material interest must comply with the provisions set forth in articles 136 and 146 to 149 of the Chilean Corporations Act and the applicable regulations of the Chilean Corporations Act.
The Board of Directors duties are remunerated, as stated in article 17 of the Company’s By-laws, and the amount of that compensation is fixed yearly by the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting. Therefore, directors can neither determine nor modify their compensation.
Directors cannot authorize Company loans on their behalf.
The Board of Directors must provide shareholders and the public with sufficient, reliable and timely information pertaining to the Company’s legal, economic and financial situation, as required by the Law or the CMF. The Board of Directors must adopt the appropriate measures in order to avoid the disclosure of such information to persons other than those persons who should possess such information as a result of their title, position or activity within the Company before such information is disclosed to shareholders and the public. The Board of Directors must treat business dealings and other information about the Company as confidential until such information is officially disclosed. No Director may take advantage of the knowledge about commercial opportunities that he has obtained through his position as Director.
Independent Directors and Directors Committee
According to Chilean Law, SQM must appoint at least one Independent Director and a Directors’ Committee, due to the fact that (a) the Company has a market capitalization greater than or equal to UF 1,500,000 and (b) at least 12.5% of the Company’s shares with voting rights are held by shareholders who, on an individual basis, control or possess less than 10% of such shares.
Persons who have not been involved in any of the circumstances described in the Law at any time during the preceding 18 months are considered independent. Candidates for the position of Independent Director must be proposed by shareholders representing 1% or more of the Company’s shares, at least 10 days prior to the date of the shareholders’ meeting that has been called in order to elect the Directors. No less than two days prior to the respective shareholders’ meeting, the candidate must provide the Chief Executive Officer with a sworn statement indicating that he: (a) accepts his candidacy for the position of Independent Director; (b) does not meet any of the conditions that would prevent him from being the Independent Director; (c) is not related to the Company, the other companies of the group to which the Company belongs, the controller of the Company, or any of the Company’s officers in such a way that would deprive a sensible person of a reasonable degree of autonomy, interfere with his ability to perform his duties objectively and effectively, generate a potential conflict of interest, or interfere with his independent judgment; and (d) assumes the commitment to remain independent as long as he holds the position of Director.
The Directors’ Committee shall have the following powers and duties: (a) to examine the reports of the external auditors, the balance sheet and other financial statements presented by the Company’s managers or liquidators to its shareholders and issue an opinion about the same prior to their submission for the approval of the shareholders; (b) to propose to the Board of Directors the external auditors and risk rating agencies to be proposed to the shareholders at the respective shareholders’ meeting. In the event that an agreement cannot be reached, the Board of Directors shall formulate its own suggestion, and both options shall be submitted for shareholder consideration at such shareholders’ meeting; (c) to examine the information relating to operations referred to in articles 146 to 149 of the Chilean Corporations Act and to prepare a report about such operations. A copy of such report shall be sent to the Board of Directors, and such report must be read at the Board Meeting called for the purpose of approving or rejecting the respective operation or operations; (d) to examine the remuneration system and compensation plans for the Company’s management, officers and employees; (e) to prepare an annual report on its activities, including its main recommendations to the shareholders; (f) to inform the Board of Directors about whether or not it is advisable to hire the external audit firm to provide non-audit services where the audit firm is not prohibited from providing such services because the nature of the same could pose a threat to the audit firm’s independence; and (g) any other issues indicated in the Company’s By-laws or authorized by a shareholders’ meeting or the Board of Directors.
The Directors’ Committee shall be comprised of three members, with at least one independent member. In the event that more than three Directors have the right to form part of the Committee, these same Directors shall unanimously determine who shall make up the Committee. In the event that an agreement cannot be reached, the Directors who were elected with a greater percentage of votes by shareholders controlling or possessing less than 10% of the Company’s shares shall be given priority. If there is only one Independent Director, this Director shall name the other members of the Committee among the other Directors who are not independent. Such other members of the Committee shall have all of the rights associated with such position. The members of the Committee shall be compensated for their role. The amount of their remuneration shall be set annually at the General Shareholders’ Meeting, and it may not be less than the remuneration set for the Company Directors, plus an additional 1/3 of that amount. The General Shareholders’ Meeting shall determine a budget for the expenses of the Committee and its advisors. Such budget may not be less than the sum of the annual remunerations of the Committee members. The Committee may need to hire professional advisory services in order to carry out its duties in accordance with the abovementioned budget. The proposals made by the Committee to the Board of Directors that are not accepted by the latter must be reported to the shareholders’ meeting prior to the vote by shareholders on the corresponding matter or matters. In addition to the responsibilities that are associated with the position of Director, the members of the Committee are jointly and severally liable for any damages they cause in performing their duties as such to the shareholders and to the Company.
Shares
Dividends are annually distributed to the Series A and Series B shareholders of record on the fifth business day prior to the date for payment of the dividends. The By-laws do not specify a time limit after which dividend entitlement lapses, but Chilean regulations establish that after five years, unclaimed dividends are to be donated to the fire department.
Article 5 of the Company’s By-laws establishes that Series B common shares may in no case exceed 50% of SQM’s issued, outstanding and paid stock. SQM Series B common shares have a restricted right to vote as they can only elect one director of the Company, regardless of their capital stock’s share. Series B common shares have the right to call for an Ordinary or Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting when the shareholders of at least 5% of the Series B common shares issued request so and for an Extraordinary Board of Directors Meeting without the Chairman’s authorization when it is requested by the director elected by the shareholders of the Series B common shares.
Series A common shares have the option to exclude the director elected by Series B shareholders from the voting process in which the Chairman of the Board is to be elected, if there is a tie in the first voting process. However, subject to the second transitory article of the Company’s By-Laws, articles 31 and 31 bis of the Company’s By-laws establish that in General Shareholders’ Meetings each shareholder will have a right to one vote for each share he owns or represents and (a) that no shareholder will have the right to vote for himself or on behalf of other shareholders of the same Series A or Series B common shares representing more than 37.5% of the total outstanding shares with right to vote of each Series and (b) that no shareholder will have the right to vote for himself or on behalf of other shareholders representing more than 32% of the total outstanding shares with a right to vote, with any excess being deducted from the number of shares such shareholder may vote. In calculating a single shareholder’s ownership of Series A or B shares, the shareholder’s stock and those pertaining to third parties related to them are to be added.
The second transitory article provides as follows:
“Throughout the period running from the date of the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting at which this transitory article is incorporated, and December 31, 2030, the restriction against voting on behalf of more than 37.5% of any series of shares in the Company, established in Article 31 hereof, shall be subject to the following exception, applicable only to the election of board members by means of Series A common shares in the Company: If two or more persons, regardless of whether or not they are related parties to each other (the incoming shareholders), act prior to December 31, 2030 such as to acquire a sufficient number of Series A common shares to allow them to hold voting powers for the selection of directors of the Company amounting to more than 37.5% of that series, then any registered shareholder or group of shareholders holding more than 37.5% of all Series A common shares in the Company shall be entitled to vote for the selection of directors of the Company amounting to whichever is less, between a number of the Series A common shares that are held (i) by existing shareholders as of that date, and (ii) by the incoming shareholders with voting rights. Similarly, if for any reason a registered shareholder in the Company as of the date hereof who holds more than 37.5% of Series A common shares in the company between the date hereof and December 31, 2030, comes to hold more voting shares for the selection of directors of the Company than the votes allocated for holding 37.5% of said Series A common shares, either through a joint action agreement with other shareholders, including existing shareholders, or by any other means, then any other shareholder or group of shareholders in the Company that is not a related party to the same and holds more than 37.5% of all voting Series A common shares in the Company, including both existing and incoming shareholders, shall be entitled to vote for the selection of directors of the Company in accordance with whichever number of Series A common shares in the Company is the lesser, between (i) the number held by this shareholder or group of shareholders, and (ii) the existing shareholder may have the capacity to vote in excess of the restriction amounting to 37.5% of said shares.”
Article 5 bis of the Company’s By-laws establishes that no person may directly or by means of related third persons concentrate more than 32% of the Company’s total shares with right to vote.
Each Series A share and Series B share is entitled to share equally in the Company’s profits, (i.e., they have the same rights on any dividends declared on the outstanding shares of SQM).
The Company By-laws do not contain any provision relating to (a) redemption provisions, (b) sinking funds or (c) liability to capital calls by the Company.
As established in article 103 of the Chilean Corporations Act, a company subject to the supervision of the CMF may be liquidated in the following cases:
(a)Expiration of the duration term, if any, as established in its By-laws;
(b)All the shares end up in the possession of one individual for more than ten continuous days;
(c)By agreement of an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting;
(d)By abolition, pursuant to applicable laws, of the decree that authorized its existence;
(e)Any other reason contemplated in its By-laws.
Article 40 of the Company’s By-laws states that in the event of liquidation, the shareholders’ meeting will appoint a three-member receiver committee that will have the authority to carry out the liquidation process. Any surplus will be distributed equally among the shareholders.
The only way to change the rights of the holders of the SQM shares is by modifying its By-laws, which can only be carried out by an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, as established in article 28 of the Company By-laws.
Shareholders’ Meetings
Article 29 of the Company’s By-laws states that the call to a shareholders’ meeting, either Ordinary or Extraordinary, will be by means of a highlighted public notice that will be published at least three times, and on different days, in the newspaper of the legal address determined by the shareholders’ meeting, and in the way and under the conditions indicated by the regulations. Additionally, a notice will be sent by mail to each shareholder at least fifteen days prior to the date of the Meeting, which shall include a reference of the matters to be addressed at the meeting. However, those meetings with the full attendance of the shares with right to vote may be legally held, even if the foregoing formal notice requirements are not met. Notice of any shareholders’ meeting shall be delivered to the CMF at least fifteen days in advance of such meeting.
Any holder of Series A and/or Series B common shares registered in the Company’s shareholder registry on the fifth business day prior to the date of the meeting will have a right to participate at that meeting Article 67 of the Chilean Corporations Act provides that decisions made at Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting on the following matters require the approval of 2/3 of the outstanding shares with voting rights: (1) transformation or division of the Company and its merger with another company; (2) modification of the Company’s term of duration, if any; (3) early dissolution of the Company; (4) change of the corporate domicile; (5) capital decrease; (6) approval of contributions and estimation of non-cash assets; (7) modification of powers reserved for Shareholders Meetings or limitations on powers of the Board of Directors; (8) reduction in the number of members of the Board of Directors; (9) disposal of 50% or more of the Company’s assets; formulation or modification of any business plan exceeding the above percentage; disposal of 50% or more of an asset belonging to a subsidiary that represents at least 20% of the Company’s assets and disposal of shares of the referred subsidiary such that the parent company would lose its position as controller of the same; (10) method in which profits are distributed; (11) granting of real or personal guarantees as sureties for third-party obligations that exceed 50% of the Company assets, except for subsidiaries, in which case approval of the Board of Directors shall suffice; (12) acquisition of own shares as set forth in articles 27A and 27B of the said law; (13) other matters indicated in the By-laws; (14) amendment of the Company By-laws as a result of errors in the constitution process and amendments in the By-laws involving one or more of the matters stated in the preceding numbers; (15) forced sale of shares carried out by the controller who would acquire more than 95% of the Company’s shares in a tender offer, and (16) approval or ratification of proceedings or contracts with related parties in accordance with the provisions of articles 44 and 147 of the Chilean Corporations Act.
Amendments to the By-laws that are intended to create, modify, defer or suspend preferential rights shall be approved by 2/3 of the shares of the affected Series.
The transformation of the Company, the merger of the same, the disposal of assets referred to in number (9) above, the constitution of guarantees set forth in number (11) above, the constitution of preferences or the increase, postponement or decrease of the existing preferences, the reparation of formal nullities incurred in the By-laws and the possession of more than 95% of the Company’s shares and other matters contemplated in the Law or in the By-laws, confer “withdrawal rights.”
Shareholders Restrictions
There are no restrictions on ownership or share concentration, or limiting the exercise of the related right to vote, by local or foreign shareholders other than those discussed under “—Shares”
Change in Control
The Company By-laws provide that no shareholder may hold more than 32% of the Company’s shares, unless the By-laws are modified at an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. Moreover, on December 12, 2000, the Chilean Government published the Ley de Oferta Pública de Acciones (“Public Share Offering Law” or “OPA law”) that seeks to protect the interests of minority shareholders of open stock corporations in transactions involving a change in control, by requiring that the potential new controller purchase the shares owned by the remaining shareholders either in total or pro rata. The law applies to those transactions in which the controlling party would receive a material premium price compared with the price that would be received by the minority shareholders.
There are three conditions that would make it mandatory to operate under the OPA law:
1)When an investor wants to take control of a company’s stock.
2)When a controlling shareholder holds two-thirds of the company’s stock. If such shareholder buys one more share, it will be mandatory to offer to acquire the rest of the outstanding stock within 30 days of surpassing that threshold.
3)When an investor wants to take control of a corporation, which, in turn, controls an open stock corporation that represents 75% or more of the consolidated assets of the former corporation.
Parties interested in taking control of a company must (i) notify the company of such intention in writing, and notify its controllers, the companies controlled by it, the CMF and the markets where its stocks are traded and (ii) publish a highlighted public notice in two newspapers of national circulation at least 10 business days prior to the date of materialization of the OPA.
Board Protocol for Presentation and Use of Sensitive Information
On December 5, 2018, Inversiones TLC SpA, a subsidiary of Tianqi, acquired 62,556,568 Series A common shares of the Company, representing approximately 23.77% of the total shares issued by SQM. In connection with the acquisition, Tianqi entered into and Extrajudicial Agreement with the FNE with respect to the implementation of certain measures to maintain competitive market conditions and mitigate any risks identified in the transaction, having as a fundamental principle the limitation of access to commercially sensitive information of SQM by Tianqi. For a description of the Extrajudicial Agreement, see “Item 7.A. Major Shareholders — Tianqi Extrajudicial Agreement with the FNE.” Before this acquisition, and after the approval of this transaction by the Chilean Antitrust Court, the Company’s Board of Directors deemed it necessary to adopt measures aimed at achieving the purpose of the Extrajudicial Agreement, avoiding greater points of contact between Sensitive Information and Tianqi, to complement the Extrajudicial Agreement. On January 23, 2019, the Board of Directors approved a protocol for the presentation and use of Sensitive Information (as defined in the Extrajudicial Agreement), which was amended on April 15, 2019 in response to comments received from the CMF. The amendment was subsequently approved by the Board on September 30, 2019.
10.C.Material Contracts
The Company, during the normal course of business, has entered into different contracts, some of which have been described herein, related to its production, commercial and legal operations. We believe all of these contracts are standard for this type of industry, and none of them is expected to have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations.
Corfo Agreements
Our subsidiary SQM Salar holds exclusive rights until 2030, subject to the terms and conditions of the concession agreements, to exploit the mineral resources in an area covering approximately 140,000 hectares in the Salar de Atacama, 81,920 hectares of which SQM Salar is entitled to exploit pursuant to (i) a lease agreement over mining exploitation concessions among Corfo, SQM, SQM Salar and SQM Potasio S.A. (the “Corfo Lease Agreement”), originally entered into in 1993, and (ii) the associated Salar de Atacama project agreement among Corfo, SQM, SQM Salar and SQM Potasio (the “Corfo Project Agreement” and together with the Corfo Lease Agreement, the “Corfo Agreements”). The mining exploitation concessions related to such rights are owned by Corfo and leased to SQM Salar pursuant to the Corfo Lease Agreement in exchange for quarterly lease payments to Corfo based on specified percentages of the final sale prices of the production of minerals extracted from the Salar de Atacama brines. SQM Salar also pays an annual concession fee to the Chilean government for the concession rights. Under the terms of the Corfo Project Agreement, Corfo has agreed that it will not, and will not permit any other person to, explore, exploit or mine any mineral resources in the approximately 140,000 hectares area of the Salar de Atacama. Corfo cannot unilaterally amend the Corfo Agreements and the rights to exploit the resources cannot be transferred. All of our products originating from the Salar de Atacama, principally lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and potassium chloride, are derived from our extraction operations under the Corfo Agreements.
The Corfo Agreements were amended and restated effective April 10, 2018 and further amended in 2020 and provide the following terms, among others:
(i)increased lease payments to Corfo as a result of increased lease rates associated with the sale of different products produced in the Salar de Atacama, including lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and potassium chloride (see “Item 5.A. Operating Results – Results of Operations – 2022 compared to 2021 – Cost of Sales – Lithium and Derivatives” and “– Potassium” for descriptions of the progressive rate structure based on the final sale price of lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide and potassium chloride);
(ii)a commitment by SQM Salar to contribute:
(a)between US$10.8 and US$18.9 million per year to research and development efforts;
(b)between US$10 to US$15 million per year to the communities in close proximity to the Salar de Atacama; and
(c)1.7% of total annual sales of SQM Salar to the Antofagasta Regional Government and the municipalities of San Pedro de Atacama, María Elena and Antofagasta for regional development;
(iii)the authorization by Corfo for CCHEN to establish a total production and sales limit for lithium products produced in the Salar de Atacama of up to 349,553 metric tons of lithium metallic equivalent (1,860,671 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent), which is in addition to the approximately 64,816 metric tons of lithium metallic equivalent (345,015 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent) then remaining from the originally authorized amount;
(iv)an obligation of SQM Salar to offer part of its lithium production (up to a maximum of 25%) at a preferential price to value-added producers that will develop lithium-based products in Chile;
(v)an obligation of SQM Salar to strengthen its corporate governance by incorporating various audit, environmental control and coordination mechanisms with Corfo, which shall be set forth in amendments to the By-laws of SQM Salar, including among others:
(a)incorporating specific rules for the management of the company, including that two of the directors of SQM Salar are independent and meet the requirements established for independent directors of a public company; and
(b)requiring the Board of Directors of SQM Salar to designate a committee to monitor compliance with the Corfo Lease Agreement and the Corfo Project Agreement and to establish the regulations that will govern this committee and its functions;
(vi)provisions regarding the return of the leased real estate assets and personal property to Corfo, the transfer of environmental permits to Corfo at no cost and granting Corfo purchase options over production facilities and water rights in the Salar de Atacama upon termination of the Corfo Agreements; and
(vii)prohibitions against the sale of lithium brine extracted from leased mining concessions by SQM, SQM Salar and SQM Potasio.
The Corfo Agreements expire on December 31, 2030 and are subject to early termination by Corfo in connection with certain events of default. Under the Corfo Agreements, Corfo will use its best efforts to initiate a public bidding or contracting process for a contract for the exploitation of the Salar de Atacama properties no later than June 30, 2027 and to complete the process no later than July 30, 2029, except if a force majeure event occurs. The foregoing description of the Corfo Agreements is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Corfo Agreements filed as Exhibits 10.1, 10.2 and 10.3 to this Form 20-F, and incorporated herein by reference. See also “Item 3.D. Risk Factors – Risks Relating to Our Business – Our inability to extend or renew on favorable terms the mineral exploitation rights relating to the Salar de Atacama concession, upon which our business is substantially dependent, beyond their current expiration date in December 2030 could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.” and “— Risks Relating to Chile — The new National Lithium Strategy announced by the Chilean government in April 2023 has created and may continue to create uncertainty in the Chilean lithium industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our business performance or the value of our shares and ADSs.”, “Item 5.A. Operating Results – Results of Operations – 2023 compared to 2022 – Cost of Sales – Lithium and Derivatives” and “– Potassium” and Notes 18.2 and 21.2 to our consolidated financial statements” for additional information regarding the Corfo Agreements.
Memorandum of Understanding with Codelco
On December 27, 2023, the Company signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Codelco for the operation and development of the Salar de Atacama during the period from 2025 to 2060. The MoU constitutes a significant milestone in the process of discussions between both companies that began on May 31, 2023, as result of the National Lithium Policy announced by the Chilean government. See also "Item 3.D. Risk Factors— Risks Relating to Chile— The new National Lithium Strategy announced by the Chilean government in April 2023 has created and may continue to create uncertainty in the Chilean lithium industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our business performance or the value of our shares and ADSs." The MoU is a framework agreement upon which both companies hope to build a partnership to produce high-quality lithium products in the Salar de Atacama, in a sustainable manner and in harmony with the communities. In order to achieve that, both parties make a commitment that the new operating company that will be established at the beginning of 2025 will make the investments in new technologies that are necessary to make high productive yields compatible with the trend towards hydrologic balance in the Salar de Atacama basin.
This partnership will permit, among other positive aspects, an efficient transition between the current Corfo Agreements, which expire in 2030, and the lease contracts for the Salar de Atacama that Codelco has from 2031 to 2060. The MoU was amended on March 20, 2024 to extend the date for entering into definitive agreements to implement the terms of the partnership to May 31, 2024.
The full text of the MoU is filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this Form 20-F.
See also “Item 3.D. Risk Factors – Risks Relating to Our Business – Our inability to extend or renew on favorable terms the mineral exploitation rights relating to the Salar de Atacama concession, upon which our business is substantially dependent, beyond their current expiration date in December 2030 could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”
10.D.Exchange Controls
The Central Bank of Chile is responsible for, among other things, monetary policies and exchange controls in Chile. Appropriate registration of a foreign investment in Chile permits the investor access to the Formal Exchange Market. Foreign investments can be registered with the Foreign Investment Committee under Decree Law No. 600 of 1974, as amended, or can be registered with the Central Bank of Chile under the Central Bank Act, Law No 18,840 of October 1989. The Central Bank Act is an organic constitutional law requiring a “special majority” vote of the Chilean Congress to be modified. Effective January 1, 2016, Decree Law No. 600 was repealed by Article 9 of the 2014 Tax Reform. Therefore, foreign investments made on or after January 1, 2016 cannot be registered with the Foreign Investment Committee.
Our 1993, 1995, 1998 and 2021 capital increases were carried out under and subject to the then current legal regulations, whose summary is hereafter included:
A Convención Capítulo XXVI del Título I del Compendio de Normas de Cambios Internacionales or Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations of the Central Bank of Chile the “Foreign Investment Contract”, was entered into and among the Central Bank of Chile, our Company and the depositary pursuant to Article 47 of the Central Bank Act and to Chapter XXVI of the Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations of the Central Bank of Chile, “Chapter XXVI,” which addresses the issuance of ADSs by a Chilean company. Absent the Foreign Investment Contract, under applicable Chilean exchange controls, investors would not be granted access to the Formal Exchange Market for the purposes of converting from Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars and repatriating from Chile amounts received in respect to deposited Series B common shares, or Series B common shares withdrawn from deposit on surrender of ADSs (including amounts received as cash dividends and proceeds from the sale in Chile of the underlying Series B common shares and any rights arising therefrom). The following is a summary of the material provisions contained in the Foreign Investment Contract. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to Chapter XXVI and the Foreign Investment Contract.
Under Chapter XXVI and the Foreign Investment Contract, the Central Bank of Chile has agreed to grant to the depositary, on behalf of ADS holders, and to any investor not residing or not domiciled in Chile who withdraws Series B common shares upon delivery of ADSs (such Series B common shares being referred to herein as “Withdrawn Shares”) access to the Formal Exchange Market to convert Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars (and remit such U.S. dollars outside of Chile) in respect of the Withdrawn Shares, including amounts received as (a) cash dividends, (b) proceeds from the sale in Chile of Withdrawn Shares, or from shares distributed because of the liquidation, merger or consolidation of the Company, subject to receipt by the Central Bank of Chile of a certificate from the holder of such shares (or from an institution authorized by the Central Bank of Chile) that such holder’s residence and domicile are outside Chile and a certificate from a Chilean stock exchange (or from a brokerage or securities firm established in Chile) that such shares were sold on a Chilean stock exchange, (c) proceeds from the sale in Chile of preemptive rights to subscribe for additional Series A and Series B common shares, (d) proceeds from the liquidation, merger or consolidation of the Company and (e) other distributions, including without limitation those resulting from any recapitalization, as a result of holding Withdrawn Shares. Transferees of Withdrawn Shares will not be entitled to any of the foregoing rights under Chapter XXVI unless the Withdrawn Shares are redeposited with the depositary. Investors receiving Withdrawn Shares in exchange for ADSs will have the right to redeposit such shares in exchange for ADSs, provided that the conditions to redeposit described hereunder are satisfied.
Chapter XXVI provided that access to the Formal Exchange Market in connection with dividend payments will be conditioned upon certification by the Company to the Central Bank of Chile that a dividend payment has been made and any applicable tax has been withheld. Chapter XXVI also provided that access to the Formal Exchange Market in connection with the sale of Withdrawn Shares or distributions thereon will be conditioned upon receipt by the Central Bank of Chile of certification by the depositary that such shares have been withdrawn in exchange for ADSs and receipt of a waiver of the benefit of the Foreign Investment Contract with respect thereto until such Withdrawn Shares are redeposited.
Chapter XXVI and the Foreign Investment Contract provide that a person who brings certain types of foreign currency into Chile, including U.S. dollars, to purchase Series B common shares with the benefit of the Foreign Investment Contract must convert it into Chilean pesos on the same date and has 5 banking business days within which to invest in Series B common shares in order to receive the benefits of the Foreign Investment Contract. If such person decides within such period not to acquire Series B common shares, he can access the Formal Exchange Market to reacquire foreign currency, provided that the applicable request is presented to the Central Bank within 7 banking business days of the initial conversion into Chilean pesos. Series B common shares acquired as described above may be deposited for ADSs and receive the benefits of the Foreign Investment Contract, subject to receipt by the Central Bank of Chile of a certificate from the depositary that such deposit has been effected and that the related ADSs have been issued and receipt by the Custodian of a declaration from the person making such deposit waiving the benefits of the Foreign Investment Contract with respect to the deposited Series B common shares.
Access to the Formal Exchange Market under any of the circumstances described above is not automatic. Pursuant to Chapter XXVI, such access requires approval of the Central Bank of Chile based on a request presented through a banking institution established in Chile. The Foreign Investment Contract will provide that if the Central Bank of Chile has not acted on such request within seven banking days, the request will be deemed approved.
Under current Chilean law, foreign investments abiding by the Foreign Investment Contract cannot be changed unilaterally by the Central Bank of Chile. No assurance can be given, however, that additional Chilean restrictions applicable to the
holders of ADSs, the disposition of underlying Series B common shares or the repatriation of the proceeds from such disposition could not be imposed in the future, nor can there be any assessment of the duration or impact of such restrictions if imposed.
As of April 19, 2001, Chapter XXVI of Title I of the Compendio de Normas de Cambios Internacionales of the Central Bank of Chile was eliminated and new investments in ADSs by non-residents of Chile, are now governed by Chapter XIV of the Compendio de Normas de Cambios Internacionales of the Central Bank of Chile. This was made with the purpose of simplifying and facilitating the flow of capital to and from Chile. According to the new regulations, such investments must be carried out through Chile’s Formal Exchange Market and only reported to the Central Bank of Chile.
The Central Bank is also responsible for controlling incurrence of loan obligations to be paid from Chile and by a Chilean borrower to banks and certain other financial institutions outside Chile. Chapter XIV establishes what type of loans, investments, capital increases and foreign currency transactions are subject to the current Chapter XIV framework. Foreign currency transactions related to foreign loans must be performed through the Formal Exchange Market, and such transactions and the subsequent modifications of original loans must be properly informed to the Central Bank. Transactions prior to April 19, 2001, will continue to be regulated by the previous legal framework, except in cases where an express request has been presented to the Central Bank resigning previous rights to be regulated by the provisions of Chapter XIV. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the provisions of Chapter XIV.
As of December 31, 2023, we had five series of bonds issued in the international markets under Rule 144A/Regulation S in the principal amounts of US$250 million, US$400 million, US$450 million, US$700 million and U$750 million.
Any purchases of U.S. dollars in connection with payments on these loans will occur with the Formal Exchange Market. There can be no assurance, however, that restrictions applicable to payments in respect to the loans could not be imposed in the future, nor can there be any assessment of the duration or impact of such restrictions if imposed.
10.E.Taxation
Material Chilean Tax Considerations
The following describes the material Chilean income tax consequences of an investment in SQM ADSs by a natural person without domicile or residence in Chile or, to any legal entity that is not organized under the laws of Chile, that does not have a permanent establishment located in Chile and that lacks domicile or residence in Chile, a ("foreign holder").This discussion is based upon Chilean income tax laws presently in force, available in Rule No. 324 (1990) of the Chilean Internal Revenue Service (Servicio de Impuestos Internos) or the “SII”, and other applicable regulations and rulings.
The discussion is not intended as tax advice to any particular investor, which can be rendered only in light of that investor’s particular tax situation.
Under Chilean legislation, provisions contained in tax law such as tax rates applicable to foreign holders, the computation of taxable income for Chilean purposes and the manner in which Chilean taxes are imposed and collected may only be amended by another statute. In addition, the SII issue rulings and regulations of either general or specific application and interpret the provisions of Chilean tax law. Chilean taxes cannot be collected retroactively against taxpayers who act in good faith based on those circulars, resolutions or official letters, without prejudice to the fact that the Chilean tax authority may issue new circulars, resolutions or official letters that reflect any change in criteria. regarding its interpretation of the tax law.
Cash Dividends and Other Distributions
On September 29, 2014, Chilean Law No.20,780, the Tax Reform, was published, introducing significant changes to the Chilean taxation system and strengthening the powers of the SII to control and prevent tax avoidance. Subsequently, on February 8, 2016, Law No. 20,899 that simplifies the income tax system and modifies other legal tax provisions was published. On February 24, 2020, Law No. 21,210, a law to modernize the tax legislation, was published. As a result of these reforms, open stock corporations, like SQM, are subject to the partially integrated shareholder income tax regime. The corporate tax rate applicable to us has been 27% since 2018.
Under the partially integrated system, the tax burden for dividends distributed by companies to their final shareholders (i.e., taxpayers of the Withholding Tax (non-residents) or the Complementary Global Tax (resident individuals)) allows only a portion of the Chilean corporate income tax paid by the company to be applied as a credit against the tax payable on dividends, unless the shareholder is resident in a country that has a treaty to prevent double taxation with Chile in effect or such treaty was signed before January 1, 2020 and until December 31, 2026, even if not yet in effect. In such case, 100% of the Chilean corporate income tax paid by the company may be applied as a credit against the shareholder’s taxes payable on dividends.
As a result of the foregoing, foreign shareholders who are residents of a jurisdiction without a tax treaty will be subject to a higher effective tax rate on dividends than residents of jurisdictions with tax treaties.
In the case of U.S. investors, a tax treaty between the United States and Chile (the “Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty”) was signed prior to January 1, 2020. On December 19, 2023, the procedure for its entry into force was concluded. The Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty entered into force on January 1, 2024. However, in the case of withholding taxes applied by the income-generating country, the Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty shall apply to amounts paid or earned on or after February 1, 2024.
Under the provisions of the Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty, in the case of dividends paid from Chilean companies to their investors
domiciled in the United States, the rate of the Withholding Tax will be 35%, and this shall have the right to credit 100% of the corporate tax paid for profits from which those dividends are distributed.
Cash dividends paid by the Company with respect to the shares, including shares represented by ADSs held by a U.S. Holder (as defined below), will be subject to a 35% Chilean withholding tax, excluding the income tax, which is withheld and paid by the Company (the “Withholding Tax”). The effective rate of Withholding Tax imposed on dividends attributed to 2023 earnings of the Company and distributed during the same period was 23.90411 %.
Capital Gains
Gains from the sale or other disposition by a foreign holder of ADSs outside of Chile will not be subject to Chilean taxation. The deposit and withdrawal of the shares in exchange for ADSs will not be subject to any Chilean taxes.
The tax cost of the shares received in the ADS exchange (repatriation) will be the acquisition value of the shares. Shares exchanged for ADSs are valued at the maximum price at which they are traded on the Chilean Stock Exchange on the date of the exchange or on any two business days prior to the exchange. Consequently, the conversion of ADSs into shares and the immediate sale of such shares at a price equal to or less than the highest price for Series B shares on the Chilean Stock Exchange on those dates will not generate a taxable gain.
The general tax regime applicable to the highest value or gain recognized in a transfer of shares (unlike the sales or exchanges of ADSs that such shares represent) in force to date, establishes that said gain will be subject to the general taxes set out in the Chilean tax law (Ley de Impuesto a la Renta).
However, the profit obtained from the sale of shares of open stock companies with a stock market presence, which is carried out on a stock exchange, or in a process of public offer for the acquisition of shares governed by the Securities Market Law, will be subject to a single capital gain tax rate of 10%.
For the application of this regime the shares that are sold must have been acquired after April 19, 2001, (i) in a local stock exchange authorized by the CMF, (ii) in a public tender offer for the shares governed by the Securities Market Law, (iii) in an initial public offering for the placement of shares due to the creation of a public limited company or a capital increase of an existing company, (iv) in an exchange of publicly offered securities convertible into shares or, (v) in a redemption of an investment fund shares. If the shares do not qualify for the above special tax treatment, capital gains obtained by foreign holders on the sale or exchange of shares (as distinguished from sales or exchanges of ADSs representing such shares) will be subject to a 35% Withholding Tax in Chile. Such rate could be reduced by the application of a double tax treaty subscribed by Chile. Provisional withholding obligations are applicable under the Chilean Income Tax Law based on different rates depending on whether the capital gain can be determined at the time of the sale. For example, the Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty between the United States and Chile limits the maximum tax rate that both countries can apply to capital gains obtained by a resident of a country in the disposal of shares of a closed joint-stock company in the other country, at a maximum rate of 16%.
In accordance with Official Letter No. 224, 2008 of the Chilean Internal Revenue Service, shares received in exchange for ADRs are also considered as "acquired on the stock market" if the ADRs have been acquired on a stock exchange authorized by the CMF (for example, the London Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange or the Madrid Stock Exchange). Ordinary shares are considered to have a high presence in the stock market when they: (a) are listed on the Securities Registry, (b) are listed on the Chilean Stock Exchange, and (c) have an adjusted stock market presence equal to or greater than 25%.
As of June 19, 2001, the higher value obtained in the sale of shares listed on the stock market is also exempt from income tax in Chile, when the sale is made by "foreign institutional investors", such as mutual funds and mutual funds of pensions, provided that the sale is made on a local stock exchange authorized by the CMF, or in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Market Law. To qualify as foreign institutional investors, the aforementioned entities must be incorporated outside of Chile, must not be domiciled in Chile, and must be an "investment fund" under Chilean tax law.
The single tax rate of 10% that affects the highest value or profit obtained in the sale of shares of public limited companies, was established by Law No. 21,420, published in the Official Gazette on February 2, 2022.
This tax must be withheld by the buyer of the shares or by the intervening stockbroker, at a rate of 10% calculated on the highest value or profit, if this is known on the date of payment of the price, remittance, payment to account or making it available to the seller in any way, or, with a rate of 1% on the total price, without any deduction, if the higher value is not known on that same date.
For purposes of determining the highest value subject to tax at the 10% rate, the modification introduced by Law No. 21,420 establishes that taxpayers with domicile or residence in Chile may consider as acquisition value and/or contribution, at their choice: (a) the official closing price of the respective securities, as of December 31 of the year of their acquisition, considering first the oldest securities according to their acquisition date, which may be proposed by the Chilean tax authority in the statement of results of the corresponding tax, or (b) the value of acquisition and/or contribution in accordance with the general rules established in the Income Tax Law. For purposes of item (a), year of acquisition is calculated by virtue of the information that said authority has at its disposal. Said proposal will not exempt the taxpayer from complementing or adjusting the corresponding information in accordance with the general rules.
In the case of taxpayers without domicile or residence in Chile, for purposes of determining the highest value subject to the single tax rate of 10%, they must consider the value of acquisition and/or contribution in accordance with clause (b) above.
The modifications implemented by Law No. 21,420 are effective as of September 1, 2022 and, therefore, apply to sales made after that date.
Other Chilean Taxes
No Chilean inheritance, gift or succession taxes apply to the transfer or disposition of the ADSs by a foreign holder, but such taxes generally will apply to the transfer at death or by gift of the shares by a foreign holder. No Chilean stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties apply to foreign holders of ADSs or shares.
United States-Chile Double Taxation Treaty
With regard to the changes in these matters introduced with the entry into force of the Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty between Chile and the United States, the following effects can be noted:
In relation to Dividends:
In relation to dividends paid by an entity domiciled in Chile to individuals or entities domiciled in the United States, the general rate of 35% Withholding Tax (Impuesto Adicional) is maintained, with the right to use as credit the entire Corporate Tax (Impuesto de Primera Categoría) previously paid for the profits from which the dividend was distributed. The possibility of using 100% of the corporate tax (Impuesto de Primera Categoría), was in force only until 2026 for treaties signed but not in force, so, if the Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty had not entered into force, from 2026 only 65% of corporate tax could have been used as a credit.
In relation to Capital Gains:
Prior to the entry into force of the Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty between Chile and the United States, when a person or entity resident in the United States obtained capital gains from the disposal of shares or rights representatives of the capital of a company resident in Chile, this was taxed with a Withholding Tax (Impuesto Adicional) rate of 35% in Chile.
The Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty limits the maximum tax rate of Withholding Tax that both countries may apply to capital gains earned by the residents of one country in the disposal of shares or rights or interests representing the capital of a company resident in the other country, to a maximum of 16%, with some exceptions. The 16% maximum does not apply in cases where the seller has held, at any time within the 12-month period preceding the disposal, directly or indirectly, shares that represent more than 50% of the capital, or other rights that represent 20% or more of the capital of the company that was disposed of.
Under the Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty, in the cases in which capital gains are obtained by a resident of the United States from sales of shares traded in a stock exchange in Chile; provided that such shares were previously acquired: A) on a recognized stock exchange in Chile; B) in a public offer for the acquisition of shares regulated by law; C) in a placement of shares by the company at the time of the constitution of that company or of a capital increase of that company; or D) in an exchange of bonds convertible into shares, these capital gains would not be subject to Withholding Tax (Impuesto Adicional) in Chile.
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following discussion summarizes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (defined below) arising from ownership and disposition of the Series A common shares and the Series B common shares, together the “shares”, and the ADSs. The discussion which follows is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the “Code,” the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all as in effect and available on the date hereof. These authorities are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, which could affect the continued validity of this summary. In addition, the summary assumes that the depositary’s activities are clearly and appropriately defined so as to ensure that the U.S. federal income tax treatment of ADSs will be identical to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the underlying shares.
The discussion that follows is not intended as tax advice to any particular investor and is limited to investors who will hold the shares or ADSs as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code and whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar. The summary does not address the tax treatment of holders that may be subject to special U.S.
federal income tax rules, such as insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, financial institutions, persons who are subject to the alternative minimum tax, persons who are broker-dealers in securities or foreign currency or dealers and traders in securities who use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting, persons who hold the shares or ADSs as a hedge against currency risks, as a position in a “straddle” for tax purposes, or as part of a conversion or other integrated transaction, persons holding our shares or ADSs in connection with a trade or business conducted outside of the U.S., partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships or other pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or partners in such partnerships or entities, or persons who own (directly, indirectly or by attribution) 10% or more of the combined voting power of all classes of equity in the Company or 10% or more of the combined value of all classes of equity in the Company. PERSONS OR ENTITIES DESCRIBED ABOVE, INCLUDING PARTNERSHIPS HOLDING SHARES OR ADSs OR PARTNERS IN SUCH PARTNERSHIPS, SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE PARTICULAR U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF HOLDING AND DISPOSING OF SHARES OR ADSs.
For purposes of this summary, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of shares or ADSs that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (a) an individual who is a U.S. citizen or resident, (b) a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized under the laws of the U.S. or any political subdivision thereof, (c) an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of the source, or (d) a trust (i) that validly elects to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes or (ii) if (A) a court within the U.S. is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and (B) one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
If a partnership (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds shares or ADSs, the tax treatment of the partnership and a partner in such partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the tax treatment of the partnership. Such a partner or partnership should consult its own tax advisor as to its consequences.
The Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty between the United States and Chile came into effect in December 2023.
The discussion below does not address the effect of any U.S. state, local, estate or gift tax law or non-U.S. tax law or tax considerations that arise from rules of general application to all taxpayers on a U.S. Holder of the shares or ADSs. U.S. HOLDERS OF SHARES OR ADSs SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS TO DETERMINE THE PARTICULAR CONSEQUENCES UNDER ANY SUCH LAW OF OWNING OR DISPOSING THE SHARES OR ADSs.
For purposes of applying U.S. federal income tax law, any U.S. Holder of an ADS generally will be treated as the owner of the underlying shares represented thereby. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are released before shares are delivered to the depositary (pre-release) or intermediaries in the chain of ownership between beneficial owners and the issuer of the security underlying the ADSs may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits for beneficial owners of depositary shares. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced tax rate, described below, applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate beneficial owners. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Chilean taxes, and the availability of the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate holders, each described below, could be affected by actions taken by such parties or intermediaries.
Cash Dividends and Other Distributions
The following discussion of cash dividends and other distributions is subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.” Distributions received by a U.S. Holder on shares or ADSs, including the amount of any Chilean taxes withheld, other than certain pro rata distributions of shares to all shareholders, will constitute foreign-source income to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes). Because we do not maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, it is expected that distributions generally will be reported to U.S. Holders as dividends. The amount of dividend income paid in Chilean pesos that a U.S. Holder will be required to include in income will equal the U.S. dollar value of the distributed Chilean peso, calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the payment is received, regardless of whether the payment is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt. If the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder will generally not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss if the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars after the date of its receipt, which would be ordinary income or loss and would be treated as income from U.S. sources for foreign tax credit purposes. Dividends will be included in a U.S. Holder’s income on the date of the U.S. Holder’s, or in the case of ADSs, the depositary’s, receipt of the dividend. Corporate U.S. Holders will not be entitled to claim the dividends-received deduction with respect to dividends paid by us.
Subject to certain exceptions for short-term and hedged positions, the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the U.S. Treasury and the discussion below regarding rules intended to be promulgated by the U.S. Treasury, the U.S. dollar amount of dividends received by a noncorporate U.S. Holder in respect of our shares or ADSs generally will be subject to taxation at preferential rates if the dividends are “qualified dividends.” Dividends paid on our ADSs generally will be treated as qualified dividends if (i) our ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S. (ii) SQM was not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and is not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) and (iii) the holder thereof has satisfied certain holding period requirements. Our ADSs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and generally will qualify as readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S. so long as they are so listed. We do not believe that we were a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to our 2023 taxable year. In addition, based on our current expectations regarding the value and nature of our assets, the sources and nature of our income, and relevant market and shareholder data, we do not anticipate becoming a PFIC for our 2024 taxable year. However, because PFIC status depends upon the composition of a company’s income and assets and the market value of its assets from time to time, and because it is unclear whether certain types of our income constitute passive income for PFIC purposes, there can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any current, prior or future taxable year. Based on existing guidance, it is not entirely clear whether dividends received with respect to our shares will be treated as qualified dividends, because our shares are not themselves listed on a U.S. exchange. In addition, the U.S. Treasury has announced its intention to promulgate rules pursuant to which holders of ADSs and intermediaries through whom such securities are held will be permitted to rely on certifications from issuers to establish that dividends are treated as qualified dividends. Because such procedures have not yet been issued, it is not clear whether we will be able to comply with them. A U.S. HOLDER SHOULD CONSULT ITS TAX ADVISORS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE FAVORABLE RATE WILL APPLY TO DIVIDENDS IT RECEIVES AND WHETHER IT IS SUBJECT TO ANY SPECIAL RULES THAT LIMIT ITS ABILITY TO BE TAXED AT THIS FAVORABLE RATE.
The amount of a dividend generally will be treated as foreign-source dividend income to a U.S. Holder for foreign tax credit purposes. As discussed in more detail below under “—Foreign Tax Credits,” it is not free from doubt whether Chilean withholding taxes imposed on distributions on our shares or ADSs will be treated as income taxes eligible for a foreign tax credit for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If a Chilean withholding tax is treated as an eligible foreign income tax, subject to generally applicable limitations, you may claim a credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability for the eligible Chilean taxes withheld from distributions on our shares or ADSs. If the dividends are taxed as qualified dividend income (as discussed above), special rules will apply in determining the amount of the dividend taken into account for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation. THE RULES RELATING TO FOREIGN TAX CREDITS ARE COMPLEX. YOU ARE URGED TO CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE TREATMENT OF CHILEAN WITHHOLDING TAXES IMPOSED ON DISTRIBUTIONS ON OUR SHARES OR ADSs.
Sale or Other Disposition of our Shares or ADSs
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the gain or loss a U.S. Holder realizes on the sale or other disposition of our shares or ADSs generally will be U.S.-source capital gain or loss for foreign tax credit purposes, and generally will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder has held our shares or ADSs for more than one year. The amount of a U.S. Holder’s gain or loss will equal the difference between the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in our shares or ADSs disposed of and the amount realized on the disposition (including any amount withheld in respect of Chilean withholding taxes), in each case as determined in U.S. dollars.
In certain circumstances, Chilean taxes may be imposed upon the sale of shares. See “—Material Chilean Tax Considerations—Capital Gains” above. As discussed in more detail below under “—Foreign Tax Credits,” subject to generally applicable limitations and substantiation requirements, a U.S. Holder may be eligible to claim a credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability for the eligible Chilean taxes withheld pursuant to a sale or other disposition of our shares or ADSs. U.S. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN U.S. TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE PARTICULAR CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF OWNING OR DISPOSING OF OUR SHARES OR ADSs.
Foreign Tax Credits
Subject to applicable limitations that may vary depending upon a U.S. Holder’s circumstances and subject to the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the U.S. Treasury, you may be eligible to claim a credit against your U.S. tax liability for Chilean income taxes (or taxes imposed in lieu of an income tax) imposed in connection with distributions on and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our shares or ADSs. Chilean dividend withholding taxes generally are expected to be income taxes eligible for the foreign tax credit. Pursuant to the Chile-U.S. Tax Treaty, after the effective date of the Chile-U.S.
Tax Treaty (which was February 1, 2024, with respect to taxes withheld at source, and January 1, 2024, for all other taxes), the Chilean dividend withholding taxes and Chilean capital gain tax will be eligible for the foreign tax credit; however, you generally may claim a foreign tax credit only after taking into account any available opportunity to reduce the Chilean capital gains tax, such as the reduction for the credit for Chilean corporate income tax that is taken into account when calculating Chilean withholding tax. If a Chilean tax is imposed on the sale or disposition of our shares or ADSs, and a U.S. Holder does not receive significant foreign source income from other sources, such U.S. Holder may not be able to credit such Chilean tax against its U.S. federal income tax liability. If a Chilean tax is not treated as an income tax (or a tax paid in lieu of an income tax) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder would be unable to claim a foreign tax credit for any such Chilean tax withheld; however, a U.S. Holder may be able to deduct such tax in computing its U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to applicable limitations. In addition, instead of claiming a credit, a U.S. Holder may, at the U.S. Holder’s election, deduct such Chilean taxes in computing the U.S. Holder’s taxable income, subject to generally applicable limitations under U.S. law. An election to deduct foreign taxes instead of claiming foreign tax credits applies to all taxes paid or accrued in the taxable year to foreign countries and possessions of the U.S. THE CALCULATION OF FOREIGN TAX CREDITS AND, IN THE CASE OF A U.S. HOLDER THAT ELECTS TO DEDUCT FOREIGN INCOME TAXES, THE AVAILABILITY OF DEDUCTIONS, INVOLVES THE APPLICATION OF COMPLEX RULES THAT DEPEND ON YOUR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES. U.S. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF FOREIGN TAX CREDITS IN THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
We do not expect to be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our 2023 taxable year and do not anticipate being a PFIC for our 2024 taxable year. However, because PFIC status depends upon the composition of a company’s income and assets and the market value of its assets from time to time, and because it is unclear whether certain types of our income constitute passive income for PFIC purposes, there can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any current, prior or future taxable year. If we were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder held our shares or ADSs, certain adverse consequences could apply to the U.S. Holder, including the imposition of higher amounts of tax than would otherwise apply, and additional filing requirements. In addition, if we were treated as a PFIC in a taxable year in which we pay a dividend or in the prior taxable year, the favorable dividend rates discussed above with respect to dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders would not apply (see “—Cash Dividends and Other Distributions” above). A U.S. Holder should consult its tax advisors regarding the consequences to it if we were a PFIC, as well as the availability and advisability of making any election that might mitigate the adverse consequences of PFIC status.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Required Disclosure with Respect to Foreign Financial Assets
Certain U.S. Holders are required to report information relating to an interest in our shares or ADSs, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for our shares or ADSs held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions), by attaching a completed IRS Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets, with their tax return for each year in which they hold an interest in our shares or ADSs. U.S. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN U.S. TAX ADVISORS REGARDING INFORMATION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO THEIR OWNERSHIP OF OUR SHARES OR ADSs.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Payments of dividends and sales proceeds that are made within the U.S. or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries generally are subject to information reporting and to backup withholding unless (i) the U.S. Holder is an exempt recipient or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. Holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding.
The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle it to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
Medicare Contribution Tax
Legislation enacted in 2010 generally imposes a tax of 3.8% on the “net investment income” of certain individuals, trusts and estates. Among other items, net investment income generally includes gross income from dividends and net gain attributable to the disposition of certain property, like our shares or ADSs, less certain deductions. A U.S. Holder should consult the U.S. Holder’s tax advisor regarding the possible application of this legislation in the U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances.
A U.S. HOLDER SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE PARTICULAR CONSEQUENCES TO IT OF OWNING AND DISPOSING OF OUR SHARES OR ADSs.
10.F.Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
10.G.Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
10.H.Documents on Display
We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act, except that as a foreign issuer, we are not subject to the SEC proxy rules (other than general anti-fraud rules) or the short-swing profit disclosure rules of the Exchange Act. In accordance with these statutory requirements, we file or furnish reports and other information with the SEC. Reports, information statements and other information we filed with or furnish to the SEC are available electronically on the SEC’s website http://www.sec.gov, and on our website www.sqm.com.
10.I.Subsidiary Information
See “Item 4.C. Organizational Structure.”
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
For information regarding quantitative and qualitative information about market risk, see Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
ITEM 12.A. DEBT SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 12.B. WARRANTS AND RIGHTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 12.C. OTHER SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 12.D. AMERICAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS
Depositary Fees and Charges
The Company’s American Depositary Shares (“ADS”) program is administered by The Bank of New York Mellon (240 Greenwich Street, 8 Fl. W., New York, NY 10286), as depositary. Under the terms of the Deposit Agreement, an ADS holder may have to pay the following service fees to the depositary:
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| Service Fees |
Fees |
| Execution and delivery of ADSs and the surrender of ADRs |
Up to US$0.05 per share |
Depositary Payments Fiscal Year 2023
The depositary has agreed to reimburse certain expenses related to the Company’s ADS program and incurred by the Company in connection with the program. In 2023, the depositary reimbursed expenses related to investor relations for a total amount of US$211,255.21.
PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a)Disclosure Control and Procedures
SQM management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and other members of the Company’s executive management, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in providing reasonable assurance that material information is made known to management and that financial and non-financial information is properly recorded, processed, summarized and reported as of December 31, 2023.
The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management of the Company, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. However, through the same design and evaluation period of the disclosure controls and procedures, the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, recognized that there are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any control system regardless of how well designed and operated. In such a way they can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and no evaluation can provide absolute assurance that all control issues or instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.
(b)Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
SQM management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not necessarily prevent or detect some misstatements. It can only provide reasonable assurance regarding financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness for future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or because the degree of compliance with the polices or procedures may deteriorate over time.
Management assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. The assessment was based on criteria established in the framework “Internal Controls — Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on the assessment, SQM management has concluded that as of December 31, 2023, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.
(c)Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
For the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers Consultores Auditores SpA, independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, see page F-1 of our consolidated financial statements.
(d)Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Annual Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16. [Reserved]
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
The Board of Directors has determined that the Company does not have an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of the regulations adopted under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Pursuant to Chilean regulations, the Company has a Directors’ Committee whose main duties are similar to those of an audit committee. Each of the members of the Directors’ Committee is a member of the audit committee. See “Item 6.C. Board Practices.”
Our Board believes that the members of the Directors’ Committee have the necessary expertise and experience to perform the functions of the Directors’ Committee pursuant to Chilean regulations.
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct that applies to the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Internal Auditor as well as all our officers and employees. Our Code adheres to the definition set forth in Item 16B. of Form 20-F under the Exchange Act.
No waivers have been granted therefrom to the officers mentioned above.
The full text of the Code is available on our website at http://www.sqm.com in the Investor Relations section under “Corporate Governance.”
Amendments to, or waivers from, one or more provisions of the Code will be disclosed on our website.
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The table shows the amount of fees billed to SQM by our independent auditors, PwC for the 2023 and 2022 fiscal years, in relation to audit, tax and other assurance services provided to us (in thousands of US$):
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2023 |
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2022 |
| Audit fees |
1,570 |
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1,386 |
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| Tax fees |
241 |
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569 |
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| All other fees |
403 |
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58 |
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| Total fees |
2,214 |
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2,013 |
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Audit fees in the above table are the fees approved by the Directors’ Committee for PwC in 2023 and 2022 in connection with the audits of our annual consolidated financial statements Tax fees and all other fees in the above table are aggregate fees approved by the Directors’ Committee for PwC in 2023 and 2022 in connection with services such as transfer pricing and other assurance services that were not related to the audit. These fees were pre-approved by the Directors’ Committee in accordance with our pre-approval policies and procedures.
Directors’ Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures.
Chilean law states that public companies are subject to “pre-approval” requirements under which all audit and non-audit services provided by the independent auditor must be pre-approved by the Directors’ Committee. Our Directors’ Committee approves all audits, audit related, tax and other services provided by our auditors.
Any services provided by our auditors that are not specifically included within the scope of the audit must be pre-approved by the Directors’ Committee prior to any engagement.
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
None.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
None.
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
None.
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
For a summary of the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the NYSE corporate governance standards, see “Item 6.C. Board Practices.”
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY AND DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
ITEM 16J. INSIDER TRADING POLICIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 16K. CYBERSECURITY
Policies and Procedure
The purpose of information security and cybersecurity is to define the general guidelines regarding the Information Security Governance and Management System (SGGSI) and which must be known, adopted and complied with by all employees of the company, as well as third parties linked to it. SQM defines that the effective Governance and Management of Information and Operation Technology Security (IT/OT) is a business function and as such a critical element for the success and survival of SQM in a globalized and highly competitive world.
An information security strategy is developed and implemented in alliance with business strategies, information technologies (IT) and operational technologies (OT). The scope and extent of the information security strategy depends on the size, complexity of the company, its business activities, risks, vulnerabilities and threats, providing a reasonable defense against any internal or external attack. This cybersecurity strategy addresses preventive, detective, corrective and reactive measures. Also, an important aspect is the information security incident management life cycle, which consists of being able to methodologically analyze Information Security & Cybersecurity (ISC) events/incidents from a point of view of the impact they could cause to the company. Incident response methodologies generally emphasize preparedness, not only establishing an incident response capability, but also preventing incidents by ensuring that systems, networks and applications are sufficiently secure. Preparation involves implementing the appropriate tools and configuring appropriate processes and procedures for treatment before an incident occurs. One of the most important tasks is to identify the assets that must be protected.
We have incorporated cybersecurity related risks into our overall risk management system, which is built considering international standards, such as ISO 31000 and COSO ERM (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations Enterprise Risk Management), and includes the following stages:
Risk Identification: To identify the risks, meetings will be held between the business risk management area and the different process owners of each business unit or business areas, who, due to their responsibilities, can be presumed to understand significant risk situations.
Based on this input, the Business Risk Management Department will prepare a list of the risks identified for each unit. This list will be called a "risk inventory".
Risk Analysis: Risk analysis includes the study of the causes and consequences in the event of a risk materialization. A risk can have multiple causes and consequences, which can affect more than one risk, so its correct identification will provide an in-depth analysis of the risk and its possible consequences. For any critical risk related to our strategic objectives, such as the risk of cybersecurity, a cause-consequence analysis must be performed, which is registered in a Bow-Tie sheet, which will help to better identify the controls that mitigate such risk. This analysis will be reviewed at least once every six months by the Business Risk Management Department and the responsible area.
Risk Assessment: For any critical risk related to the Company's strategic objectives, such as the risk of cybersecurity, a cause-consequence analysis must be performed, which is registered in a Bow-Tie sheet, which will help to better identify the controls that mitigate such risk. The Bow-Tie analysis is a risk management technique that provides a visual representation of potential hazards, the threats that could cause those hazards, the consequences of those threats, and the controls in place to mitigate the risks. The name "bow-tie" comes from the shape of the diagram, which resembles a bow-tie with the hazard in the center and the threats and consequences branching out on either side. This analysis will be reviewed at least once every six months by the Business Risk Management Department and the responsible area.
Risk Treatment: Once the residual risk has been defined, there are different ways of dealing with the risks based on the risk management methodology, which must be considered on a case-by-case basis. The way in which risk is dealt with will depend mainly on the risk appetite defined for each case.
Risk Monitoring: The Business Risk Management Department continuously monitors the action plans committed by each responsible area.
Risk Communication: At least twice a year, the Business Risk Management Department will present SQM's critical risks, such as cybersecurity, to the Board of Directors directly, or through the Directors' Committee, so it may then report to the Board of Directors. Upon receipt of information regarding critical risks, the Board of Directors may request further details during the Board meeting or engage in discussions about the risks and/or mitigation measures with the respective responsible party.
SQM Business Risk Management Department is responsible for performing all the above described stages of the process.
At the end of 2021, SQM´s Business Risk Management Department requested an analysis of the maturity of SQM risk management function. This was performed by an independent accounting firm that is not SQM's independent auditor and included a review of the governance, processes, culture and support systems, comparison with an industry benchmark, and recommendations. In order to review our progress as well as to comply with the best practices in risk management, this evaluation will be performed again in 2024 by the same independent accounting firm.
We believe to have protection mechanisms (controls) in place against unauthorized access, changes or modifications in production, development and testing environments, which may affect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the company's information or data. Information security is subject to good governance, aligned with other governance arrangements established in the company. This good governance includes clear rules, borders, cybersecurity measures and controls.
Management and Director Cybersecurity Expertise
Our Business Risk Management Department consists of five people and is led by the Department Head who has access and reports to the Directors' Committee. Each member of the Department has training and/or certifications in Risk Management such as ISO 31000 or COSO ERM. All of them have more than five years of experience in Risk Management, Audit and Compliance roles.
SQM manages security and cyber security through its Security and IT Governance Department. The key responsibility of this department is to protect the Company's IT infrastructure from cyber-attacks and other threats. SQM has an Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO 27001, Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT) and National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework (CSF).
Our current Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has more than 18 years of experience in managing risks and protecting assets in industries such as retail, consumer products, and technology, among other sectors. The CISO oversees all our divisions globally, advising and supporting business and operational managers in their activities to ensure that information security and cybersecurity are managed as critical components of our overall sustainability strategy.
We have not had any material cybersecurity incidents nor series of individually immaterial cybersecurity incidents that are to be disclosed on this Form 20-F.
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For a list of all financial statements filed as part of this Form 20-F Annual Report, see “Item 19. Exhibits.”
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
(a)Index to Financial Statements
________________________________________________
*All other schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.
(b)Exhibits
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| Exhibit No. |
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Exhibit |
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| 1.1 |
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| 2.1 |
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| 8.1 |
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| 10.1 |
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| 10.2 |
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| 10.3 |
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| 12.1 |
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| 12.2 |
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| 13.1 |
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| 13.2 |
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| 23.1 |
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| 23.2 |
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| 23.3 |
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| 23.4 |
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| 23.5 |
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| 23.6 |
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| 23.7 |
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| 23.8 |
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| 96.1 |
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| 96.2 |
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| 96.3 |
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| 96.4 |
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| 96.5 |
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| 97.0 |
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| 99.1 |
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| 99.2 |
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| 101.SCH |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
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| 101.CAL |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
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| 101.DEF |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
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| 101.LAB |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
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| 101.PRE |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
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| 104 |
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Inline Cover Page Interactive Data File – The Cover Page |
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The Company will furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, copies of any instruments that define the rights of holders of its long-term debt not filed herewith.
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
SOCIEDAD QUIMICA Y MINERA DE CHILE S.A.
(CHEMICAL AND MINING COMPANY OF CHILE INC.)
/s/ Gerardo Illanes
Gerardo Illanes G.
Chief Financial Officer
Date: April 29, 2024
SOCIEDAD QUIMICA Y MINERA DE CHILE S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Contents
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| Ch$ |
-Chilean pesos |
| ThCh$ |
-Thousands of Chilean pesos |
| US$ |
-United States dollars |
| ThUS$ |
-Thousands of United States dollars |
| UF |
-The UF is an inflation-indexed, Chilean peso-denominated monetary unit. The UF rate is set daily in advance, based on the change in the Consumer Price Index of the previous month |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and, cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15 Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Bulk Inventories Volume
As described in Notes 3.15, 3.34 and 10 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated products in progress and finished products inventories balances at December 31, 2023 amounted to US$744 million and US$891 million, respectively, which included bulk inventories amounting to US$ 221 million and US$164 million, respectively. The accounting process the Company uses to record products in progress and finished products bulk inventories volume relies on significant estimates primarily relating to topography measures and product density. To assist in validating the reasonableness of these estimates, management periodically reviews product density and performs cyclical physical inventory during the year and an annual physical inventory.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the bulk inventories volume is a critical matter are (i) the significant judgment by management in determining the products in progress and finished products bulk inventories volume; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing our audit procedures and in evaluating audit evidence related to the estimates made by management; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the estimation of inventories volumes, including controls over management’s physical inventory process and the determination of the product density. These procedures also included, among others, observing management’s physical inventory and assessing rollforward activity between the time of the inventory and year-end. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of management’s topography measures, assess the reasonableness of management’s determination of the product density and observe management’s annual physical inventory.
Litigation - Environmental, Tax and Legal Contingencies
As described in Notes 3.27, 3.34, and 20 to the consolidated financial statements, provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate of the obligation amount can be made. No provision for an estimated loss is recorded in the consolidated financial statements for unfavorable outcomes when, after assessing the information available, (i) management concludes that it is not probable that a loss has been incurred in any of the pending litigation; or (ii) management is unable to reliably estimate the loss for any of the pending matters. The Company also discloses the contingency in circumstances where management concludes no loss is probable or reliably estimable, but it is reasonably possible that a loss may be incurred.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the environmental, tax and legal contingencies is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when assessing whether a loss is probable and when determining whether the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated and (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s assessment of the loss contingencies associated with environmental, tax and legal matters.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s assessment of litigation contingencies, including controls over assessing whether a loss is probable and when determining whether the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, as well as financial statement disclosures. These procedures also included, among others (i) confirming with internal and external legal counsel the possibility or probability of an unfavorable outcome and the extent to which the loss is reasonably estimable; (ii) evaluating the reasonableness of management’s assessment regarding whether an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible or probable and reasonably estimable; and (iii) evaluating the sufficiency of the Company’s litigation contingency disclosures.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Consultores Auditores y Compañía Limitada
Santiago, Chile
April 29, 2024
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2011
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
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|
|
| Assets |
|
Note |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Current Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
9.1 |
|
1,041,369 |
|
2,655,236 |
| Other current financial assets |
|
12.1 |
|
1,325,843 |
|
961,355 |
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
16 |
|
136,750 |
|
196,335 |
| Trade and other receivables, current |
|
12.2 |
|
907,181 |
|
1,087,420 |
| Trade receivables due from related parties, current |
|
11.5 |
|
43,253 |
|
81,622 |
| Current inventories |
|
10 |
|
1,774,594 |
|
1,784,281 |
| Current tax assets |
|
25.1 |
|
637,033 |
|
224,914 |
| Total current assets other than those classified as held for sale or disposal |
|
|
|
5,866,023 |
|
6,991,163 |
| Non-current assets or groups of assets classified as held for sale |
|
|
|
118 |
|
346 |
| Total non-current assets held for sale |
|
|
|
118 |
|
346 |
| Total current assets |
|
|
|
5,866,141 |
|
6,991,509 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other non-current financial assets |
|
12.1 |
|
248,281 |
|
32,126 |
| Other non-current non-financial assets |
|
16 |
|
373,700 |
|
52,396 |
| Non-current trade receivables |
|
12.2 |
|
2,559 |
|
2,091 |
| Investments accounted for under the equity method |
|
7.1-8.1 |
|
86,417 |
|
54,386 |
| Intangible assets other than goodwill |
|
14.1 |
|
155,874 |
|
166,336 |
| Goodwill |
|
14.1 |
|
958 |
|
967 |
| Property, plant and equipment, net |
|
15.1 |
|
3,609,937 |
|
2,726,838 |
| Right-of-use assets |
|
13.1 |
|
73,193 |
|
60,867 |
| Non-current tax assets |
|
25.1 |
|
59,541 |
|
127,114 |
| Deferred tax assets |
|
25.3 |
|
302,236 |
|
604,471 |
| Total non-current assets |
|
|
|
4,912,696 |
|
3,827,592 |
| Total assets |
|
|
|
10,778,837 |
|
10,819,101 |
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Liabilities and Equity |
|
Note |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other current financial liabilities |
|
12.4 |
|
1,256,499 |
|
522,999 |
| Lease liabilities, current |
|
13.2 |
|
18,192 |
|
12,149 |
| Trade and other payables, current |
|
12.5 |
|
449,633 |
|
374,789 |
| Current trade payables due to related parties |
|
11.6 |
|
2,346 |
|
— |
| Other current provisions |
|
18.1 |
|
392,322 |
|
1,303,146 |
| Current tax liabilities |
|
25.2 |
|
183,633 |
|
356,611 |
| Provisions for employee benefits, current |
|
17.1 |
|
23,946 |
|
35,376 |
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
18.3 |
|
187,305 |
|
446,477 |
| Total current liabilities |
|
|
|
2,513,876 |
|
3,051,547 |
| Non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other non-current financial liabilities |
|
12.4 |
|
3,213,422 |
|
2,394,218 |
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
13.2 |
|
56,966 |
|
49,585 |
| Other non-current provisions |
|
18.1 |
|
60,450 |
|
58,053 |
| Deferred tax liabilities |
|
25.3 |
|
394,688 |
|
289,825 |
| Non-current provisions for employee benefits |
|
17.1 |
|
62,006 |
|
43,872 |
| Total non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
3,787,532 |
|
2,835,553 |
| Total liabilities |
|
|
|
6,301,408 |
|
5,887,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Equity attributable to owners of the Parent |
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
| Share capital |
|
|
|
1,577,643 |
|
1,577,643 |
| Retained earnings |
|
|
|
2,748,686 |
|
3,350,114 |
| Other reserves |
|
|
|
114,870 |
|
|
(31,125) |
|
| Equity attributable to owners of the Parent |
|
|
|
4,441,199 |
|
4,896,632 |
| Non-controlling interests |
|
|
|
36,230 |
|
35,369 |
| Total equity |
|
|
|
4,477,429 |
|
4,932,001 |
| Total liabilities and equity |
|
|
|
10,778,837 |
|
10,819,101 |
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated Statements of Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the three years in the period ended |
| Consolidated Statements of Income |
|
Note |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Revenue |
|
21.1 |
|
7,467,490 |
|
10,710,578 |
|
2,862,315 |
| Cost of sales |
|
21.2 |
|
(4,392,436) |
|
|
(4,973,953) |
|
|
(1,772,208) |
|
| Gross profit |
|
|
|
3,075,054 |
|
5,736,625 |
|
1,090,107 |
| Other income |
|
21.3 |
|
40,557 |
|
9,854 |
|
19,552 |
| Administrative expenses |
|
21.4 |
|
(175,765) |
|
|
(142,644) |
|
|
(118,893) |
|
| Other expenses |
|
21.5 |
|
(93,400) |
|
|
(75,971) |
|
|
(60,605) |
|
| Impairment of financial assets and reversal of impairment losses |
|
21.7 |
|
202 |
|
3,369 |
|
|
(235) |
| Other (losses) gains |
|
21.6 |
|
(2,254) |
|
117 |
|
|
(2,638) |
|
| Income from operating activities |
|
|
|
2,844,394 |
|
5,531,350 |
|
927,288 |
| Finance income |
|
21.10 |
|
122,726 |
|
47,038 |
|
4,668 |
| Finance costs |
|
15-21.9 |
|
(138,402) |
|
|
(86,651) |
|
|
(84,626) |
|
| Share of profit of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method |
|
7.1-8.1 |
|
593 |
|
20,159 |
|
11,132 |
| Foreign currency translation differences |
|
24 |
|
(22,293) |
|
|
(25,400) |
|
|
(17,241) |
|
| Income before taxes |
|
|
|
2,807,018 |
|
5,486,496 |
|
841,221 |
| Income tax expense |
|
25.3 |
|
(1,876,751) |
|
|
(1,572,212) |
|
|
(249,016) |
|
| Net income |
|
|
|
930,267 |
|
3,914,284 |
|
592,205 |
| Net income attributable to: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net income attributable to owners of the parent |
|
|
|
923,191 |
|
3,906,311 |
|
585,454 |
| Net income attributable to non-controlling interests |
|
|
|
7,076 |
|
7,973 |
|
6,751 |
|
|
|
|
930,267 |
|
3,914,284 |
|
592,205 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic earnings per share (US$ per share) |
|
3.26 |
|
3.2320 |
|
13.6757 |
|
2.1048 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diluted earnings per share (US$ per share) |
|
3.26 |
|
3.2320 |
|
13.6757 |
|
2.1048 |
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the three years in the period ended |
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Net income |
|
930,267 |
|
|
3,914,284 |
|
|
592,205 |
|
| Items of other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to income for the year, before taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (Losses) gain from measurements of defined benefit plans |
|
(5,843) |
|
|
(6,350) |
|
|
4,679 |
|
| Gains (losses) from financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income |
|
190,509 |
|
|
190 |
|
|
(12,072) |
|
| Total other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to income for the year, before taxes |
|
184,666 |
|
|
(6,160) |
|
|
(7,393) |
|
| Items of other comprehensive income that will be reclassified to income for the year, before taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Foreign currency exchange gains (losses) |
|
3,177 |
|
|
(255) |
|
|
4,240 |
|
| Cash flow hedges- effective portion of changes in far value |
|
126 |
|
|
36,079 |
|
|
(66,051) |
|
| Cash flow hedges-reclassified to income for the year |
|
18,566 |
|
|
(9,457) |
|
|
13,289 |
|
| Total other comprehensive income that will be reclassified to income for the year |
|
21,869 |
|
|
26,367 |
|
|
(48,522) |
|
| Other items of other comprehensive income, before taxes |
|
206,535 |
|
|
20,207 |
|
|
(55,915) |
|
| Income taxes related to items of other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to income for the year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Income tax benefit (expense) relating to measurement of defined benefit pension plans through other comprehensive income |
|
1,582 |
|
|
1,273 |
|
|
(142) |
|
| Income tax (expense) benefit relating to gains (losses) on financial assets measured irrevocably at fair value through other comprehensive income |
|
(57,242) |
|
|
(17) |
|
|
3,818 |
|
| Total income tax (expense) benefit relating to components of other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to income for the year |
|
(55,660) |
|
|
1,256 |
|
|
3,676 |
|
| Income taxes relating to components of other comprehensive income that will be reclassified to income for the year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Income tax (expense) benefit related to gains (losses) from cash flow hedges |
|
(5,047) |
|
|
(7,172) |
|
|
14,246 |
|
| Total income tax (expense) benefit relating to components of other comprehensive income that will be reclassified to income for the year |
|
(5,047) |
|
|
(7,172) |
|
|
14,246 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) |
|
145,828 |
|
|
14,291 |
|
|
(37,993) |
|
| Total comprehensive income |
|
1,076,095 |
|
|
3,928,575 |
|
|
554,212 |
|
| Comprehensive income attributable to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comprehensive income attributable to owners of the parent |
|
1,068,968 |
|
|
3,920,781 |
|
|
546,846 |
|
| Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest |
|
7,127 |
|
|
7,794 |
|
|
7,366 |
|
|
|
1,076,095 |
|
|
3,928,575 |
|
|
554,212 |
|
See note 19.
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the three years in the period ended |
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
|
Note |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Cash flows generated from (used in) operating activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Classes of cash receipts generated from operating activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash receipts from sales of goods and rendering of services |
|
|
|
8,162,698 |
|
|
10,954,251 |
|
|
2,705,250 |
|
| Cash receipts from premiums and benefits, annuities and other benefits from policies entered |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
1,345 |
|
|
1,902 |
|
| Cash receipts derived from sub-leases |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
129 |
|
|
443 |
|
| Classes of Payments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash payments to suppliers for the provision of goods and services |
|
|
|
(5,637,224) |
|
|
(5,255,694) |
|
|
(1,713,922) |
|
| Cash payments relating to variable leases |
|
|
|
(4,700) |
|
|
(3,631) |
|
|
(1,313) |
|
| Other payments related to operating activities |
|
|
|
(86,291) |
|
|
(24,148) |
|
|
(16,726) |
|
| Net cash generated from operating activities |
|
|
|
2,434,572 |
|
|
5,672,252 |
|
|
975,634 |
|
| Dividends received |
|
|
|
9,328 |
|
|
6,354 |
|
|
11,663 |
|
| Interest paid |
|
|
|
(121,222) |
|
|
(109,697) |
|
|
(82,816) |
|
| Interest paid on lease liabilities |
|
|
|
(2,038) |
|
|
(1,226) |
|
|
(1,587) |
|
| Interest received |
|
|
|
103,352 |
|
|
48,120 |
|
|
2,747 |
|
| Income taxes paid |
|
|
|
(2,309,640) |
|
|
(1,648,668) |
|
|
(142,730) |
|
| Other cash (outflows) inflows (1) |
|
3.4 |
|
(310,991) |
|
|
110,460 |
|
|
59,609 |
|
| Net cash generated from operating activities |
|
|
|
(196,639) |
|
|
4,077,595 |
|
|
822,520 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash flows generated from (used in) investing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Proceeds from the sale of equity instruments |
|
|
|
4,745 |
|
|
4,745 |
|
|
16,413 |
|
| Purchase of ownership interest in associates and joint ventures |
|
|
|
(34,547) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Acquisition of non-current financial assets |
|
|
|
(30,701) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
112 |
|
|
672 |
|
| Acquisition of property, plant and equipment |
|
|
|
(1,103,598) |
|
|
(905,247) |
|
|
(464,718) |
|
| Proceeds from sale of intangible assets |
|
|
|
5,205 |
|
|
3,624 |
|
|
14,773 |
|
| Proceeds related to futures, forward options and swap contracts |
|
|
|
18,034 |
|
|
39,878 |
|
|
2,328 |
|
| Loans to related parties |
|
|
|
3,387 |
|
|
873 |
|
|
13,086 |
|
| Proceeds from the sale of ownership interest in joint ventures |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
13,085 |
|
| Purchases of other long-term assets |
|
|
|
(12,002) |
|
|
(11,341) |
|
|
(8,071) |
|
| Other cash outflows (2) (3) |
|
|
|
(332,060) |
|
|
(42,045) |
|
|
(594,511) |
|
| Cash flow used in investing activities |
|
|
|
(1,481,493) |
|
|
(909,401) |
|
|
(1,006,943) |
|
________________________________________________
(1)Other (outflows) inflows of cash from operating activities include net increases (decreases) of value added tax and banking expenses, taxes associated with interest payments, costs of issuance of debt and government grants.
(2)Other cash outflows include investments and redemptions of time deposits and other financial instruments that do not qualify as cash and cash equivalent in accordance with IAS 7, paragraph 7, since they mature in more than 90 days from the original investment date.
(3)Other inflows (outflows) of cash from investing activities include guarantees deposits for the year 2022 described in note 12.2.
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the three years in the period ended |
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
|
Note |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Cash flows generated from (used in) financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Repayment of lease liabilities |
|
|
|
(15,914) |
|
|
(10,478) |
|
|
(7,960) |
|
| Proceeds from long-term loans |
|
|
|
850,000 |
|
200,000 |
|
700,000 |
| Proceeds from short-term loans |
|
|
|
1,215,000 |
|
60,000 |
|
— |
| Loan repayments |
|
|
|
(530,717) |
|
|
(13,117) |
|
|
(14,870) |
|
| Proceeds (payments) from hedges associated to loans |
|
|
|
18,927 |
|
|
(993) |
|
|
760 |
|
| Dividends paid |
|
|
|
(1,471,035) |
|
|
(2,238,381) |
|
|
(571,702) |
|
| Capital stock increase |
|
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
1,100,257 |
| Net cash flow (used in) generated from financing activities |
|
|
|
66,261 |
|
|
(2,002,969) |
|
|
1,206,485 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents before the effect of changes in the exchange rate |
|
|
|
(1,611,871) |
|
1,165,225 |
|
1,022,062 |
|
| Effects of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
(1,996) |
|
|
(25,040) |
|
|
(16,113) |
|
| Increase in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
(1,613,867) |
|
1,140,185 |
|
1,005,949 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
|
|
|
2,655,236 |
|
1,515,051 |
|
509,102 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
|
9 |
|
1,041,369 |
|
2,655,236 |
|
1,515,051 |
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of
Changes in Equity |
|
Share capital |
|
Foreign
currency
translation
reserve |
|
Hedge
reserve |
|
Gains and
losses from
financial
assets
reserve |
|
Actuarial
gains and
losses from
defined
benefit plans
reserve |
|
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income |
|
Other
miscellaneous
reserves |
|
Total
reserves |
|
Retained
earnings |
|
Equity
attributable
to owners of
the Parent |
|
Non-
controlling
interests |
|
Total Equity |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Equity at January 1, 2023 |
|
1,577,643 |
|
|
(8,042) |
|
|
(14,575) |
|
|
(10,973) |
|
|
(9,198) |
|
|
(42,788) |
|
|
11,663 |
|
|
(31,125) |
|
|
3,350,114 |
|
|
4,896,632 |
|
|
35,369 |
|
|
4,932,001 |
|
| Net income |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
923,191 |
|
|
923,191 |
|
|
7,076 |
|
|
930,267 |
|
| Other comprehensive income |
|
— |
|
|
3,121 |
|
|
13,645 |
|
|
133,267 |
|
|
(4,256) |
|
|
145,777 |
|
|
— |
|
|
145,777 |
|
|
— |
|
|
145,777 |
|
|
51 |
|
|
145,828 |
|
| Comprehensive income |
|
— |
|
|
3,121 |
|
|
13,645 |
|
|
133,267 |
|
|
(4,256) |
|
|
145,777 |
|
|
— |
|
|
145,777 |
|
|
923,191 |
|
|
1,068,968 |
|
|
7,127 |
|
|
1,076,095 |
|
| Dividends (1) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,524,619) |
|
|
(1,524,619) |
|
|
(6,266) |
|
|
(1,530,885) |
|
| Other increases in equity |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
218 |
|
|
218 |
|
|
— |
|
|
218 |
|
|
— |
|
|
218 |
|
| Total changes in equity |
|
— |
|
|
3,121 |
|
|
13,645 |
|
|
133,267 |
|
|
(4,256) |
|
|
145,777 |
|
|
218 |
|
|
145,995 |
|
|
(601,428) |
|
|
(455,433) |
|
|
861 |
|
|
(454,572) |
|
| Equity as of December 31, 2023 |
|
1,577,643 |
|
|
(4,921) |
|
|
(930) |
|
|
122,294 |
|
|
(13,454) |
|
|
102,989 |
|
|
11,881 |
|
|
114,870 |
|
|
2,748,686 |
|
|
4,441,199 |
|
|
36,230 |
|
|
4,477,429 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of
Changes in Equity |
|
Share capital |
|
Foreign
currency
translation
reserve |
|
Hedge
reserves |
|
Gains and
losses from
financial
assets
reserve |
|
Actuarial
gains and
losses from
defined
benefit plans
reserve |
|
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income |
|
Other
miscellaneous
reserves |
|
Total
reserves |
|
Retained
earnings |
|
Equity
attributable
to owners of
the Parent |
|
Non-
controlling
interests |
|
Total Equity |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Equity at January 1, 2022 |
|
1,577,643 |
|
|
(7,913) |
|
|
(34,025) |
|
|
(11,146) |
|
|
(4,174) |
|
|
(57,258) |
|
|
13,103 |
|
|
(44,155) |
|
|
1,648,032 |
|
|
3,181,520 |
|
|
34,451 |
|
|
3,215,971 |
|
| Net income |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,906,311 |
|
|
3,906,311 |
|
|
7,973 |
|
|
3,914,284 |
|
| Other comprehensive income |
|
— |
|
|
(129) |
|
|
19,450 |
|
|
173 |
|
|
(5,024) |
|
|
14,470 |
|
|
— |
|
|
14,470 |
|
|
— |
|
|
14,470 |
|
|
(179) |
|
|
14,291 |
|
| Comprehensive income |
|
— |
|
|
(129) |
|
|
19,450 |
|
|
173 |
|
|
(5,024) |
|
|
14,470 |
|
|
— |
|
|
14,470 |
|
|
3,906,311 |
|
|
3,920,781 |
|
|
7,794 |
|
|
3,928,575 |
|
| Dividends (1) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,204,229) |
|
|
(2,204,229) |
|
|
(7,369) |
|
|
(2,211,598) |
|
| Other (decreases) increases in equity |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,440) |
|
|
(1,440) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,440) |
|
|
493 |
|
|
(947) |
|
| Total changes in equity |
|
— |
|
|
(129) |
|
|
19,450 |
|
|
173 |
|
|
(5,024) |
|
|
14,470 |
|
|
(1,440) |
|
|
13,030 |
|
|
1,702,082 |
|
|
1,715,112 |
|
|
918 |
|
|
1,716,030 |
|
| Equity as of December 31, 2022 |
|
1,577,643 |
|
|
(8,042) |
|
|
(14,575) |
|
|
(10,973) |
|
|
(9,198) |
|
|
(42,788) |
|
|
11,663 |
|
|
(31,125) |
|
|
3,350,114 |
|
|
4,896,632 |
|
|
35,369 |
|
|
4,932,001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of
Changes in Equity |
|
Share capital |
|
Foreign
currency
translation
reserve |
|
Hedge
reserve |
|
Gains and
losses from
financial
assets
reserve |
|
Actuarial
gains and
losses from
defined
benefit plans
reserve |
|
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income |
|
Other
miscellaneous
reserves |
|
Total
reserves |
|
Retained
earnings |
|
Equity
attributable
to owners of
the Parent |
|
Non-
controlling
interests |
|
Total Equity |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Equity at January 1, 2021 |
|
477,386 |
|
|
(11,569) |
|
|
4,491 |
|
|
6,872 |
|
|
(8,680) |
|
|
(8,886) |
|
|
16,318 |
|
|
7,432 |
|
|
1,638,267 |
|
|
2,123,085 |
|
|
39,493 |
|
|
2,162,578 |
|
| Net income |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
585,454 |
|
|
585,454 |
|
|
6,751 |
|
|
592,205 |
|
| Other comprehensive (loss) |
|
— |
|
|
3,656 |
|
|
(38,516) |
|
|
(8,254) |
|
|
4,506 |
|
|
(38,608) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(38,608) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(38,608) |
|
|
615 |
|
|
(37,993) |
|
| Comprehensive income |
|
— |
|
|
3,656 |
|
|
(38,516) |
|
|
(8,254) |
|
|
4,506 |
|
|
(38,608) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(38,608) |
|
|
585,454 |
|
|
546,846 |
|
|
7,366 |
|
|
554,212 |
|
| Sale of equity instruments irrevocably recognized in OCI |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(9,764) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(9,764) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(9,764) |
|
|
9,764 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Dividends (1) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(585,453) |
|
|
(585,453) |
|
|
(12,408) |
|
|
(597,861) |
|
| Capital stock increase |
|
1,100,257 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,100,257 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,100,257 |
|
| Other decreases in equity |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,215) |
|
|
(3,215) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,215) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,215) |
|
| Total changes in equity |
|
1,100,257 |
|
|
3,656 |
|
|
(38,516) |
|
|
(18,018) |
|
|
4,506 |
|
|
(48,372) |
|
|
(3,215) |
|
|
(51,587) |
|
|
9,765 |
|
|
1,058,435 |
|
|
(5,042) |
|
|
1,053,393 |
|
| Equity as of December 31, 2021 |
|
1,577,643 |
|
|
(7,913) |
|
|
(34,025) |
|
|
(11,146) |
|
|
(4,174) |
|
|
(57,258) |
|
|
13,103 |
|
|
(44,155) |
|
|
1,648,032 |
|
|
3,181,520 |
|
|
34,451 |
|
|
3,215,971 |
|
________________________________________________
(1)See Note 19.7
Glossary
The Following capitalized terms in these financial statements (including their notes) will have the following meaning:
“ADS’’ American Depositary Shares;
“CAM’’ Arbitration and Mediation Center of the Santiago Chamber of Commerce;
“CCHEN’’ Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission;
“CCS’’ cross currency swap;
“CINIIF’’ International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee;
“CMF’’ Financial Market Commission;
“Company” Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A.;
“Corfo” Chilean Economic Development Agency;
“Corporate Governance Committee’’ The Company’s Corporate Governance Committee;
“Corporate Law’’ Law No. 18,046 on corporations;
“CPI” Consumer Price Index
“DCV’’ Central Securities Depository;
“DGA’’ General Directorate of Water Resources;
“Directors’ Committee” The Company’s Directors’ Committee;
“Dollar’’ or “US$’’ Dollars of the United States of America;
“DPA’’ Deferred Prosecution Agreement;
“FNE’’ Chilean National Economic Prosecutor’s Office;
“Health, Safety and Environment Committee’’ The Company’s Health, Safety and Environment Committee;
“IAS” International Accounting Standard;
“IASB’’ International Accounting Standards Board;
“IFRIC’’ International Financial Reporting Standard Interpretations Committee;
“IFRS” International Financial Reporting Standards;
“ILO” International Labour Organization;
“IRSW” interest rate swap;
“Lease Agreement’’ the mining concessions lease agreement signed by SQM Salar and Corfo in 1993, as subsequently amended; “Pampa Group’’ Jointly Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera S.A., Potasios de Chile S.A. and Inversiones Global Mining Chile Limitada;
“Management’’ the Company’s management;
“MUS$’’ millions of Dollars;
“Pesos’’ or “Ch$” Chilean pesos, legal tender in Chile;
“PFIC’’ Passive foreign investment company;
“Project Agreement” project agreement for the Salar de Atacama signed by Corfo and SQM Salar in 1993, as subsequently amended;
“SEC’’ Securities and Exchange Commission;
“Securities Market Law” Securities Market Law No. 18,045;
“Sernageomin” Chilean National Geology and Mining Service;
“SIC’’ Standard Interpretations Committee;
“IRS” Chilean Internal Revenue Service;
“SMA” Environmental Superintendent’s Office;
“SOFR” Secured overnight financing rate;
“SQM Group’’ The corporate group composed of the Company and its subsidiaries
“SQM Industrial” SQM Industrial S.A.;
“SQM NA” SQM North America Corporation;
“SQM Nitratos” SQM Nitratos S.A.;
“SQM Potasio” SQM Potasio S.A.;
“SQM Salar” SQM Salar S.A.;
“SSI’’ Staff severance indemnities;
“ThUS$’’ thousands of Dollars;
“Tianqi” Tianqi Lithium Corporation;
“UF” Unidad de Fomento (a Chilean Peso based inflation indexed currency unit);
“United States” United States of America;
Note 1 Identification and activities of the Company and Subsidiaries
1.1 Historical background
Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. (the “Company” or “SQM”) is an open stock corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Chile and its Chilean Tax Identification Number is 93.007.000-9.
The Company was incorporated through a public deed dated June 17, 1968 by the public notary of Santiago Mr. Sergio Rodríguez Garcés. Its existence was approved by Decree No. 1,164 of June 22, 1968 of the Ministry of Finance, and it was registered on June 29, 1968 in the Registry of Commerce of Santiago, on page 4,537 No. 1,992. SQM’s headquarters are located at El Trovador 4285, Floor 6, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile, The Company’s telephone number is +(56 2) 2425-2000.
The Company is registered in the CMF under number 184 of March 18, 1983 and is therefore subject to oversight by that entity.
1.2 Main domicile where the Company performs its production activities
The Company’s main domiciles are: Calle Dos Sur plot No. 5 - Antofagasta; Arturo Prat 1060 - Tocopilla; Administration Building w/n - Maria Elena; Administration Building w/n Pedro de Valdivia - María Elena, Anibal Pinto 3228 - Antofagasta, Kilometer 1378 Ruta 5 Norte Highway - Antofagasta, Coya Sur Plant w/n - Maria Elena, kilometer 1760 Ruta 5 Norte Highway - Pozo Almonte, Salar de Atacama (Atacama Saltpeter deposit) potassium chloride plant w/n - San Pedro de Atacama, potassium sulfate plant at Salar de Atacama w/n – San Pedro de Atacama, Minsal Mining Camp w/n CL Plant CL, Potassium– San Pedro de Atacama, formerly the Iris Saltpeter office w/n, Commune of Pozo Almonte, Iquique; Level 1; 225 Dt Georges Tce Perth WA 6000, Australia.
1.3 Codes of main activities
The codes of the main activities as established by the CMF, as follows:
•1700 (Mining)
•2200 (Chemical products)
•1300 (Investment)
1.4 Description of the nature of operations and main activities
The products of the Company are mainly derived from mineral deposits found in northern Chile where mining takes place and caliche and brine deposits are processed.
(a)Specialty plant nutrition: Four main types of specialty plant nutrients are produced: potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium potassium nitrate and specialty blends. In addition, other specialty fertilizers are sold including third party products.
(b)Iodine: The Company produces iodine and iodine derivatives, which are used in a wide range of medical, pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial applications, including x-ray contrast media, polarizing films for LCD and LED, antiseptics, biocides and disinfectants, in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, electronics, pigments and dye components.
(c)Lithium: The Company produces lithium carbonate, which is used in a variety of applications, including electrochemical materials for batteries, frits for the ceramic and enamel industries, and it is an important ingredient in the manufacture of gunpowder, heat-resistant glass (ceramic glass), air conditioning chemicals, continuous casting powder for steel extrusion, primary aluminum smelting process, pharmaceuticals and lithium derivatives. We are also a leading supplier of lithium hydroxide, which is primarily used as an input for the lubricating greases industry and for certain cathodes for batteries.
(d)Industrial chemicals: The Company produces three industrial chemicals: sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride. Sodium nitrate is used primarily in the production of glass, explosives, and metal treatment. Potassium nitrate is used in the manufacturing of specialty glass, and it is also an important raw material to produce of frits for the ceramics and enamel industries. Solar salts, a combination of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate, are used as a thermal storage medium in concentrated solar power plants. Potassium chloride is a basic chemical used to produce potassium hydroxide, and it is also used oil drilling, and to produce carrageenan.
(e)Potassium: The Company produces potassium chloride and potassium sulfate from brines extracted from the Salar de Atacama. Potassium chloride is a commodity fertilizer used to fertilize a variety of crops including corn, rice, sugar, soybean and wheat. Potassium sulfate is a specialty fertilizer used mainly in crops such as vegetables, fruits and industrial crops.
(f)Other products and services: The Company also sells other fertilizers and blends, some of which we do not produce, mainly potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and potassium chloride. This business line also includes revenue from commodities, services, interests, royalties and dividends.
1.5 Other background
(a)Employees
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the workforce was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Employees |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Other
subsidiaries |
|
Total |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Other
subsidiaries |
|
Total |
| Executives |
|
33 |
|
137 |
|
170 |
|
32 |
|
128 |
|
160 |
| Professionals |
|
190 |
|
2,663 |
|
2,853 |
|
177 |
|
2,506 |
|
2,683 |
| Technicians and operators |
|
364 |
|
4,295 |
|
4,659 |
|
309 |
|
3,845 |
|
4,154 |
| Total |
|
587 |
|
7,095 |
|
7,682 |
|
518 |
|
6,479 |
|
6,997 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Place of work |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Other
subsidiaries |
|
Total |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Other
subsidiaries |
|
Total |
| In Chile |
|
587 |
|
6,447 |
|
7,034 |
|
518 |
|
6,015 |
|
6,533 |
| Outside Chile |
|
— |
|
648 |
|
648 |
|
— |
|
464 |
|
464 |
| Total |
|
587 |
|
7,095 |
|
7,682 |
|
518 |
|
6,479 |
|
6,997 |
(b)Main shareholders
As of December 31, 2023, there were 1,172 shareholders.
Following table shows information about the main shareholders of the Company’s Series A or Series B shares in circulation as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, in line with information provided by the DCV, with respect to each shareholder that, to our knowledge, owns more than 5% of the outstanding Series A or Series B shares. The following information is derived from our registry and reports managed by the DCV and informed to the CMF and the Chilean Stock Exchange:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shareholders as of December 31, 2023 |
|
No. of Series A |
|
% of Series A
shares |
|
No. of Series B |
|
% of Series B
shares |
|
% of total
shares |
| Inversiones TLC SpA |
|
62,556,568 |
|
43.80 % |
|
— |
|
— |
|
21.90 |
% |
| The Bank of New York Mellon, ADRs |
|
— |
|
— |
|
46,174,681 |
|
32.33 % |
|
16.17 |
% |
| Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera S.A. |
|
42,640,389 |
|
29.86 |
% |
|
1,611,227 |
|
1.13 |
% |
|
15.49 |
% |
| Potasios de Chile S.A. |
|
18,179,147 |
|
12.73 |
% |
|
— |
|
— |
|
6.36 |
% |
| Banco de Chile on behalf of State Street |
|
— |
|
— |
|
11,744,230 |
|
8.22 |
% |
|
4.11 |
% |
| AFP Habitat S.A. |
|
603,789 |
|
0.42 % |
|
9,991,619 |
|
7.00 |
% |
|
3.71 |
% |
| Global Mining Spa |
|
8,798,539 |
|
6.16 |
% |
|
— |
|
— |
|
3.08 |
% |
| Banco Santander on behalf of foreign investors |
|
— |
|
— |
|
8,499,930 |
|
5.95 |
% |
|
2.98 |
% |
| AFP Provida S.A. |
|
— |
|
— |
|
8,299,626 |
|
5.81 |
% |
|
2.91 |
% |
| AFP Cuprum S.A. |
|
— |
|
— |
|
7,979,983 |
|
5.59 |
% |
|
2.79 |
% |
| AFP Capital S.A. |
|
— |
|
— |
|
7,525,912 |
|
5.27 |
% |
|
2.63 |
% |
| Banco De Chile on behalf of Citi NA New York. |
|
67,463 |
|
0.05 % |
|
6,399,986 |
|
4.44 |
% |
|
2.24 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shareholders as of December 31, 2022 |
|
No. of Series A |
|
% of Series A
shares |
|
No. of Series B |
|
% of Series B
shares |
|
% of total
shares |
| The Bank of New York Mellon, ADRs |
|
— |
|
— |
|
64,555,045 |
|
45.20% |
|
22.60 % |
| Inversiones TLC Spa (1) |
|
62,556,568 |
|
43.80 % |
|
— |
|
— |
|
21.90 % |
| Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera S.A. (2) |
|
43,133,789 |
|
30.20 % |
|
1,611,227 |
|
1.13 % |
|
15.66 % |
| Potasios De Chile S.A. |
|
18,179,147 |
|
12.73 % |
|
— |
|
— |
|
6.36 % |
| Banco de Chile via State Street |
|
79,265 |
|
0.06 % |
|
10,979,388 |
|
7.69 % |
|
3.87 % |
| AFP Habitat S.A. |
|
— |
|
— |
|
9,504,885 |
|
6.66 % |
|
3.33 % |
| Inv. Global Mining Chile Ltda. |
|
8,798,539 |
|
6.16 % |
|
— |
|
— |
|
3.08 % |
| Banco Santander via foreign investor accounts |
|
545,729 |
|
0.38 % |
|
8,181,775 |
|
5.73 % |
|
3.06 % |
| AFP Cuprum S.A. |
|
— |
|
— |
|
6,535,039 |
|
4.58 % |
|
2.29 % |
| Banco de Chile non-resident third party accounts |
|
62,829 |
|
0.04 % |
|
6,181,476 |
|
4.33 % |
|
2.19 % |
| AFP Capital S.A. |
|
— |
|
— |
|
5,652,982 |
|
3.96 % |
|
1.98 % |
| AFP Provida S.A. |
|
— |
|
— |
|
5,263,361 |
|
3.69 % |
|
1.84 % |
________________________________________________
(1)As reported by DCV, which records the Company’s shareholders’ register as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 Inversiones TLC SpA, a subsidiary wholly owned by Tianqi Lithium Corporation, is the direct owner of 62,556,568 Series A shares of the Company equivalent to 21.90% of SQM’s shares. In addition, as reported by Tianqi Lithium Corporation, it owns 748,490 Series B shares as reported by Inversiones TLC SpA. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, Tianqi Lithium Corporation owns 22.16% of SQM's shares through Series A shares and ADS of Series B shares.
(2)As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera S.A. owned 46,600,458 Series A and B shares; 2,348,842 Series A shares held in custody by stockbrokers.
Note 2 Basis of presentation for the consolidated financial statements
2.1 Accounting period
These consolidated financial statements cover the following periods:
(a)Consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
(b)Consolidated statements of income for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
(c)Consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three years in the period ended January 1 to December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
(d)Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
(e)Consolidated statements of cash flows for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
2.2 Consolidated financial statements
The consolidated financial statements of the Company and subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB.
These consolidated financial statements fairly present the Company’s financial position as of December 31,2023 and 2022 and the results of its operations, changes in equity and cash flows for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
IFRS establish certain alternatives for their application, those applied by the Company are detailed in this Note and Note 3.
The accounting policies used in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements comply with each IFRS in force at their date of presentation.
2.3 Basis of measurement
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following:
(a)Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
(b)Financial derivatives measured at fair value.
(c)Certain financial investments measured at fair value with an offsetting entry in other comprehensive income.
2.4 Accounting pronouncements
New accounting pronouncements
(a)The following standards, interpretations and amendments are mandatory for the first time for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2023:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Amendments and improvements |
|
Description |
|
Mandatory for annual periods
beginning on or after |
| Amendment to IAS 12 – Deferred taxes related to assets and liabilities that arise from a single transaction. |
|
These amendments require companies to recognize deferred taxes on transactions that result in equal amounts in taxable and deductible temporary differences in the initial recognition. |
|
01-01-2023 |
| Amendment to IAS 12 "Income Taxes" on International Tax Reform - Pillar Two Model Rules. |
|
This amendment provides companies with a temporary exemption from accounting for deferred taxes arising from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) international tax reform. The amendments also introduce specific disclosure requirements for affected companies. |
|
01-01-2023 |
Management determined that the adoption of the aforementioned standards, amendments and interpretations did not significantly impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
(b)Standards, interpretations and amendments issued that had not become effective for financial statements beginning on January 1, 2023 and which the Company has not adopted early are as follows:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Standards and Interpretations |
|
Description |
|
Mandatory for annual periods
beginning on or after |
| Amendments to IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements" about the classification of liabilities. |
|
This amendment clarifies that liabilities are classified as either current or non-current, depending on their rights as of the reporting date. The classification is not affected by the expectations of the entity or events after the reporting date. For example, the receipt of a waiver or non-compliance with an agreement. The amendment also clarifies what IAS 1 means when it refers to the “settlement" of a liability. The amendment should be applied retrospectively in accordance with IAS 8. |
|
01-01-2024 |
| Amendment to IAS 1 “Non-current liabilities with covenants”. |
|
The amendment is aimed at improving the information that an entity provides when the payment terms of its liabilities can be deferred depending on compliance with covenants within the twelve months following the date of issue of the financial statements. |
|
01-01-2024 |
| Amendments to IFRS 16 “Leases” |
|
On sales with leaseback, which explains how an entity should recognize the rights to use the asset and how the gains or losses from the sale and leaseback should be recognized in the financial statements. |
|
01-01-2024 |
| Amendments to IAS 7 "Statement of Cash Flows" and IFRS 7 "Financial Instruments: Disclosures" on supplier financing arrangements. |
|
These amendments require disclosures that improve the transparency of supplier financing arrangements and their effects on a company's liabilities, cash flows and exposure to liquidity risk. |
|
01-01-2024 |
| Amendments to IAS 21 - Lack of exchangeability. |
|
This amendment affects an entity that has a transaction in a foreign currency that cannot be exchanged with another currency for a specific purpose as of the measurement date. One currency is exchangeable into another when the other currency can be obtained with a normal administrative delay, and the transaction is performed using a market or exchange mechanism that creates enforceable rights and obligations. This amendment contains instructions regarding the exchange rate to be used when the currency is not exchangeable, as previously described. Early adoption is permitted. |
|
01-01-2025 |
Management believes that the adoption of the above standards, amendments and interpretations will not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.
2.5 Basis of consolidation
(a)Subsidiaries
The Company established control as the basis for consolidation of its financial statements. The Company controls a subsidiary when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the subsidiary and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the subsidiary.
The consolidation of a subsidiary starts when the Group controls it and it is no longer included in the consolidation when this control is lost.
Subsidiaries are consolidated through a line by line method, adding items that represent assets, liabilities, income and expenses with a similar content, and eliminating operations between companies within the SQM Group.
Results for dependent companies acquired or disposed of during the period are included in the consolidated accounts from the date on which control is transferred to the Company or until the date when this control ends, as relevant.
To account for an acquisition of a business, the Company uses the acquisition method. Under this method, the acquisition cost is the fair value of assets delivered, equity securities issued, and incurred or assumed liabilities at the date of exchange. Assets, liabilities and contingencies identifiable assumed in a business combination are measured initially at fair value at the acquisition date. For each business combination, the Company will measure the non-controlling interest of the acquiree either at fair value or as proportional share of net identifiable assets of the acquire
The following tables detail general information as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 on the companies in which the group exercises control:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Country of |
|
Functional |
|
Ownership Interest |
| Subsidiaries |
|
TAX ID No. |
|
Address |
|
Incorporation |
|
Currency |
|
Direct |
|
Indirect |
|
Total |
| SQM Nitratos S.A. |
|
96.592.190-7 |
|
El Trovador 4285, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
99.9999 |
|
0.0001 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Potasio S.A. |
|
96.651.060-9 |
|
El Trovador 4285, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
99.9999 |
|
0.0001 |
|
100.0000 |
| Serv. Integrales de Tránsito y Transf. S.A. |
|
79.770.780-5 |
|
Arturo Prat 1060, Tocopilla |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
0.0003 |
|
99.9997 |
|
100.0000 |
| Isapre Norte Grande Ltda. |
|
79.906.120-1 |
|
Aníbal Pinto 3228, Antofagasta |
|
Chile |
|
Peso |
|
1.0000 |
|
99.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| Ajay SQM Chile S.A. |
|
96.592.180-K |
|
Av. Pdte. Eduardo Frei 4900, Santiago |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
51.000 |
|
- |
|
51.000 |
| Almacenes y Depósitos Ltda. |
|
79.876.080-7 |
|
El Trovador 4285, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Peso |
|
1.0000 |
|
99.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Salar S.A. |
|
79.626.800-K |
|
El Trovador 4285, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
18.1800 |
|
81.8200 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Industrial S.A. |
|
79.947.100-0 |
|
El Trovador 4285, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
99.0470 |
|
0.9530 |
|
100.0000 |
| Exploraciones Mineras S.A. |
|
76.425.380-9 |
|
El Trovador 4285, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
0.2691 |
|
99.7309 |
|
100.0000 |
| Sociedad Prestadora de Servicios de Salud Cruz del Norte S.A. |
|
76.534.490-5 |
|
Aníbal Pinto 3228, Antofagasta |
|
Chile |
|
Peso |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| Soquimich Comercial S.A. |
|
79.768.170-9 |
|
El Trovador 4285, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
60.6383 |
|
60.6383 |
| Comercial Agrorama Ltda. (1) |
|
76.064.419-6 |
|
El Trovador 4285, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
60.6383 |
|
60.6383 |
| Comercial Hydro S.A. |
|
96.801.610-5 |
|
El Trovador 4285, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| Agrorama S.A. |
|
76.145.229-0 |
|
El Trovador 4285, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
60.6383 |
|
60.6383 |
| Orcoma Estudios SPA |
|
76.359.919-1 |
|
Apoquindo 3721 OF 131, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
100.0000 |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
| Orcoma SPA |
|
76.360.575-2 |
|
Los Militares 4290, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
100.0000 |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM MaG SpA |
|
76.686.311-9 |
|
Los Militares 4290, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| Sociedad Contractual Minera Búfalo |
|
77.114.779-8 |
|
Los Militares 4290, Las Condes |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
99.9000 |
|
0.1000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM North America Corp. |
|
Foreign |
|
2727 Paces Ferry Road, Building Two, Suite 1425, Atlanta, GA |
|
United States of America |
|
Dollar |
|
40.0000 |
|
60.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| RS Agro Chemical Trading Corporation A.V.V. |
|
Foreign |
|
Caya Ernesto O. Petronia 17, Orangestad |
|
Aruba |
|
Dollar |
|
98.3333 |
|
1.6667 |
|
100.0000 |
| Nitratos Naturais do Chile Ltda. |
|
Foreign |
|
Al. Tocantis 75, 6° Andar, Conunto 608 Edif. West Gate, Alphaville Barureri, CEP 06455-020, Sao Paulo |
|
Brazil |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Corporation N.V. |
|
Foreign |
|
Pietermaai 123, P.O. Box 897, Willemstad, Curacao |
|
Curacao |
|
Dollar |
|
0.0002 |
|
99.9998 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Ecuador S.A. |
|
Foreign |
|
Av. José Orrantia y Av. Juan Tanca Marengo Edificio Executive Center Piso 2 Oficina 211 |
|
Ecuador |
|
Dollar |
|
0.00401 |
|
99.9960 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Brasil Ltda. |
|
Foreign |
|
Al. Tocantis 75, 6° Andar, Conunto 608 Edif. West Gate, Alphaville Barureri, CEP 06455-020, Sao Paulo |
|
Brazil |
|
Dollar |
|
0.5300 |
|
99.4700 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQMC Holding Corporation. |
|
Foreign |
|
2727 Paces Ferry Road, Building Two, Suite 1425, Atlanta |
|
United States of America |
|
Dollar |
|
0.1000 |
|
99.9000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Japan Co. Ltd. |
|
Foreign |
|
From 1st Bldg 207, 5-3-10 Minami- Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokio |
|
Japan |
|
Dollar |
|
0.1597 |
|
99.8403 |
|
100.0000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Country of
Incorporation |
|
Functional
Currency |
|
Ownership Interest |
| Subsidiaries |
|
TAX ID No. |
|
Address |
|
|
|
Direct |
|
Indirect |
|
Total |
| SQM Europe N.V. (3) |
|
Foreign |
|
Houtdok-Noordkaai 25a B-2030 Amberes |
|
Belgium |
|
Dollar |
|
0.5800 |
|
99.4200 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM International N.V. (3) |
|
Foreign |
|
Houtdok-Noordkaai 25a B-2030 Amberes |
|
Belgium |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
| SQM Indonesia S.A. |
|
Foreign |
|
Perumahan Bumi Dirgantara Permai, Jl Suryadarma Blok Aw No 15 Rt 01/09 17436 Jatisari Pondok Gede |
|
Indonesia |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
80.0000 |
|
80.0000 |
| North American Trading Company (4) |
|
Foreign |
|
2727 Paces Ferry Road, Building Two, Suite 1425, Atlanta, GA |
|
United States of America |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
| SQM Virginia LLC (4) |
|
Foreign |
|
2727 Paces Ferry Road, Building Two, Suite 1425, Atlanta, GA |
|
United States of America |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
| SQM Comercial de México S.A. de C.V. |
|
Foreign |
|
Av. Moctezuma 144-4 Ciudad del Sol. CP 45050, Zapopan, Jalisco México |
|
México |
|
Dollar |
|
0.0100 |
|
99.9900 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Investment Corporation N.V. |
|
Foreign |
|
Pietermaai 123, P.O. Box 897, Willemstad, Curacao |
|
Curacao |
|
Dollar |
|
1.0000 |
|
99.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| Royal Seed Trading Corporation A.V.V. |
|
Foreign |
|
Caya Ernesto O. Petronia 17, Orangestad |
|
Aruba |
|
Dollar |
|
1.6700 |
|
98.3300 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Lithium Specialties Limited Partnership (4) |
|
Foreign |
|
2727 Paces Ferry Road, Building Two, Suite 1425, Atlanta, GA |
|
United States of America |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
| Comercial Caimán Internacional S.A. (2) |
|
Foreign |
|
Edificio Plaza Bancomer |
|
Panamá |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
| SQM France S.A. |
|
Foreign |
|
ZAC des Pommiers 27930 Fauville |
|
France |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| Administración y Servicios Santiago S.A. de C.V. |
|
Foreign |
|
Av. Moctezuma 144-4 Ciudad del Sol, CP 45050, Zapopan, Jalisco México |
|
México |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Nitratos México S.A. de C.V. |
|
Foreign |
|
Av. Moctezuma 144-4 Ciudad del Sol, CP 45050, Zapopan, Jalisco México |
|
México |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| Soquimich European Holding B.V. |
|
Foreign |
|
Luna Arena, Herikerbergweg 238 1101 CM Amsterdan |
|
Holland |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Iberian S.A. |
|
Foreign |
|
Provenza 251 Principal 1a CP 08008, Barcelona |
|
Spain |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM África Pty Ltd. |
|
Foreign |
|
Tramore House, 3 Wterford Office Park, Waterford Drive, 2191 Fourways, Johannesburg |
|
South Africa |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Oceanía Pty Ltd. |
|
Foreign |
|
Level 9, 50 Park Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Sydney |
|
Australia |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Beijing Commercial Co. Ltd. |
|
Foreign |
|
Room 1001C, CBD International Mansion N 16 Yong An Dong Li, Jian Wai Ave Beijing 100022, P.R. |
|
China |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Thailand Limited |
|
Foreign |
|
Unit 2962, Level 29, N° 388, Exchange Tower Sukhumvit Road, Klongtoey Bangkok |
|
Thailand |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
99.9980 |
|
99.9980 |
| SQM Colombia SAS |
|
Foreign |
|
Cra 7 No 32 – 33 piso 29 Pbx: (571) 3384904 Fax: (571) 3384905 Bogotá D.C. – Colombia. |
|
Colombia |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Australia Pty |
|
Foreign |
|
Level 16, 201 Elizabeth Street Sydney |
|
Australia |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM (Shanghai) Chemicals Co. Ltd. |
|
Foreign |
|
Room 4703-33, 47F, No.300 Middle Huaihai Road, Huangpu district, Shanghai |
|
China |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Korea LLC |
|
Foreign |
|
Suite 22, Kyobo Building, 15th Floor, 1 Jongno Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03154 South Korea |
|
South Korea |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| SQM Holland B.V. |
|
Foreign |
|
Herikerbergweg 238, 1101 CM Amsterdam Zuidoost |
|
Holland |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
| Soquimich Comercial Brasil Ltda. |
|
Foreign |
|
Avenida Bento Rocha, N° 821, Vila Alboitt, CEP 83221-565. Paranaguá |
|
Brazil |
|
Dollar |
|
- |
|
100.0000 |
|
100.0000 |
(1)SQM has control over Comercial Agrorama Ltda.´s management
(2)Comercial Caiman Internacional S.A. was liquidated at June 30, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, ownership interest over this entity was 100% indirect.
(3)On July 1, 2023, SQM Europe N.V. absorbed its affiliate SQM International N.V. As of December 31, 2022, ownership interest over SQM International was 100% indirect.
(4)During the fourth quarter, SQM Virginia LLC, North American Trading Company and SQM Lithium Specialties Limited Partnership were liquidated. As of December 31, 2022, ownership interest over these entities were 100% indirect.
2.6 Investments in associates and joint ventures
Investments in joint arrangements are classified as joint operations or joint ventures. The classification depends on the contractual rights and obligations of each investor, rather than the legal structure of the joint arrangement.
(a)Joint operations
The Company recognizes its direct right to the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of the joint arrangement.
(b)Joint ventures and investments in associates
Interests in companies over which joint control is exercised (joint ventures) or where an entity has significant influence (associates) are recognized using the equity method. Significant influence is presumed to exist when the investor owns over 20% of the investee’s share capital. Under the equity method, the investment is recognized in the statement of financial position at cost and is adjusted to recognize changes in the Company's share of the net assets of the associate or joint venture since the date of acquisition. The Company's statement of income reflects the portion of the operating results of the associate or joint venture and any changes in other comprehensive income or direct changes in the associate's equity are reflected in the Company's equity. For such purposes, the percentage of ownership interest in the associate is used. At the time of acquisition, the difference between the investment cost and the net fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities of the investee is recognized as goodwill, which is presented as part of the carrying value of the investee and is not amortized. The debit or credit to the income statement reflects the proportional share of the associate's net income (loss).
Changes in associate’s or joint ventures equity are recognized proportionally with a charge or credit to "Other Reserves" and are classified according to their origin. The reporting dates of the associate or joint ventures, the Company and related policies are similar for equivalent transactions and events in similar circumstances. In the event that significant influence is lost, or the investment is sold, or held for sale, the equity method is suspended, not recognizing the proportional share of the gain or loss. If the resulting value under the equity method is negative, the share of income is reflected as zero in the consolidated financial statements, unless there is a commitment by the Company to restore the capital position of the Company, in which case the related risk provision and expense are recorded.
Dividends received by these companies are recorded by reducing the value of the investment and are shown in cash flows from operating activities, and the proportional share of the gain or loss recognized in accordance with the equity method is included in the consolidated income statement under "Share of Gains (Losses) of Associates and Joint Ventures Accounted for Using the Equity Method’’.
Unrealized gains from transactions with joint ventures or associates are eliminated in accordance with the Company’s percentage interest in such entities. Any unrealized losses are also eliminated, unless that transaction provides evidence that the transferred asset is impaired.
Note 3 Significant accounting policies
3.1 Classification of balances as current and non-current
In the consolidated statement of financial position, balances are classified in consideration of their recovery maturity dates; i.e., those maturing within a period equal to or less than 12 months are classified as current counted from the closing date of the consolidated financial statements and those with maturity dates exceeding the aforementioned period are classified as non-current.
The exception to the foregoing relates to deferred taxes, which are classified as non-current, regardless of the maturity they have.
3.2 Functional and presentation currency
The Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars, without decimal places, which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency and is the currency of the main economic environment in which it operates. Consequently, the term foreign currency is defined as any currency other than the U.S. dollar.
3.3 Accounting policy for foreign currency translation
(a)SQM group entities:
The revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities of all entities that have a functional currency other than the presentation currency are converted to the presentation currency as follows:
-Assets and liabilities are converted at the closing exchange rate prevailing on the reporting date.
-Revenues and expenses of each statement of income account are converted at monthly average exchange rates.
-All resulting foreign currency translation gains and losses are recognized as a separate component in translation reserves.
In consolidation, foreign currency differences arising from the translation of a net investment in foreign entities are recorded in shareholder’s equity (“foreign currency translation reserve”). At the date of disposal, such foreign currency translation differences are recognized in the statement of income as part of the gain or loss from the sale.
The main exchange rates and UF used to translate monetary assets and liabilities, expressed in foreign currency at the end and average of each period in respect to U.S. dollars, are as follows:
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|
Closing exchange rates |
|
Average exchange rates |
| Currencies |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Brazilian real |
|
4.85 |
|
5.28 |
|
4.90 |
|
5.25 |
| New Peruvian sol |
|
3.70 |
|
3.81 |
|
3.73 |
|
3.83 |
| Japanese yen |
|
140.90 |
|
131.32 |
|
143.94 |
|
134.70 |
| Euro |
|
0.90 |
|
0.93 |
|
0.92 |
|
0.94 |
| Mexican peso |
|
16.92 |
|
19.50 |
|
17.18 |
|
19.60 |
| Australian dollar |
|
1.46 |
|
1.47 |
|
1.49 |
|
1.48 |
| Pound Sterling |
|
0.78 |
|
0.83 |
|
0.79 |
|
0.82 |
| South African rand |
|
18.27 |
|
17.01 |
|
18.61 |
|
17.28 |
| Chilean peso |
|
877.12 |
|
855.86 |
|
875.06 |
|
873.81 |
| Chinese yuan |
|
7.12 |
|
6.92 |
|
7.15 |
|
6.98 |
| Indian rupee |
|
83.21 |
|
82.73 |
|
83.26 |
|
82.52 |
| Thai Baht |
|
34.36 |
|
34.64 |
|
34.95 |
|
34.76 |
| Turkish lira |
|
29.52 |
|
18.71 |
|
29.09 |
|
18.66 |
| Korean Won |
|
1,290.70 |
|
1,259.98 |
|
1,304.17 |
|
1,291.64 |
| Indonesian Rupiah |
|
15,399.00 |
|
15,570.00 |
|
15,502.63 |
|
15,596.90 |
| United Arab Emirates dirham |
|
3.67 |
|
3.67 |
|
3.67 |
|
3.67 |
| Polish Zloty |
|
3.93 |
|
4.37 |
|
3.97 |
|
4.42 |
| UF (*) |
|
41.94 |
|
41.02 |
|
42.04 |
|
40.18 |
________________________________________________
(*)US$ per UF
(b)Transactions and balances
The Company’s non-monetary transactions in currencies other than the functional currency (Dollar) are translated to the respective functional currencies of Group entities at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. All differences are recorded in the statement of income except for all monetary items that provide an effective hedge for a net investment in a foreign operation. These items are recognized in other comprehensive income until disposal of the investment, when they are recognized in the statement of income. Charges and credits attributable to foreign currency translation differences on those hedge monetary items are also recognized in other comprehensive income.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are retranslated to the functional currency at the historical exchange rate of the transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured based on fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date on which the fair value is determined.
3.4 Consolidated statement of cash flows
Cash equivalents correspond to highly liquid short-term investments that are easily convertible into known amounts of cash and subject to insignificant risk of changes in their value and mature in less than three months from the date of acquisition of the instrument.
For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and cash equivalents as defined above.
The statement of cash flows present cash transactions performed during the period, determined using the direct method.
Other (outflows) inflows of cash from operating activities is composed as follows:
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|
|
| For the year ended |
December 31,
2023 |
|
December 31,
2022 |
|
December 31,
2021 |
| Banking expenses |
(15,603) |
|
|
(3,783) |
|
|
(1,921) |
|
| Tax credits |
(3,353) |
|
|
(3,474) |
|
|
(2,403) |
|
| Government grants |
24,387 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Value added tax |
(298,076) |
|
|
120,283 |
|
|
80,503 |
|
| Cost of bond issuance |
(18,346) |
|
|
(2,566) |
|
|
(16,570) |
|
|
(310,991) |
|
110,460 |
|
59,609 |
3.5 Financial assets accounting policy
Management determines the classification of its financial assets at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and at amortized cost. The classification depends on the business model of the entity to manage the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.
The initial value of the Company's financial assets valued at fair value through other comprehensive income includes the transaction costs that are directly attributable to acquiring that financial asset on the date the Company commits to acquiring it, whereas the transaction costs for financial assets valued at fair value through profit or loss are expensed. The initial value of trade and other receivables that do not include a significant financial component is their transaction price.
After initial recognition, the Company measures its financial assets according to the Company’s business model for managing its financial assets and the contractual terms of its cash flows:
(a)Financial debt instruments measured at amortized cost. Financial assets that meet the following conditions are included in this category (i) the business model that supports it aims to maintain the financial assets to obtain the contractual cash flows and (ii) the contractual conditions of the financial asset give place, on specified dates, to cash flows that are only payments of the principal and interest on the outstanding principal amount. The Company’s financial assets that meet these conditions are: (i) cash equivalents; (ii) related party receivables; (iii) trade debtors; (iv) other receivables.
(b)Financial instruments at fair value. A financial asset should be measured at fair value through income or fair value through other comprehensive income, depending on the following:
(i)"Fair value through other comprehensive income": Assets held to collect contractual cash flows and to be sold, where the asset cash flows are only capital and interest payments, are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Changes in book values are through other comprehensive income, except for the recognition of impairment losses, interest income and exchange gains and losses, which are recognized in the income statement. When a financial asset is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to the income statement. Interest income from these financial assets is included in financial income using the effective interest method.
(ii)"Fair value through profit or loss": Assets that do not meet the amortized cost or "Fair value through other comprehensive income" criteria are valued at "Fair value through income".
(c)Financial equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income. Equity instruments that are not classified as held for trading and which the Group has irrevocably chosen to recognize in this category from its initial recognition to the reporting date. Amounts presented in other comprehensive income will not be subsequently transferred to the statement of income.
3.6 Financial assets impairment
The Company evaluates expected credit losses associated with its debt instruments carried at amortized cost and fair value through other comprehensive income. The impairment method used depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.
The Company assumes that the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly when it is more than 30 days past due. It is in default when the financial asset is more than 90 days past due and an individual analysis has concluded that it has a negative credit impairment.
–Significant financial hardship
–Breach of contract due to default
–Probability of going bankrupt
The Company assesses the credit impairment of its receivables as of each reporting date. A financial asset has credit impairment when one or more events have a negative impact on the expected cash flows from it. Evidence of credit impairment for a debtor is as follows:
The Company applies the simplified approach to measure expected credit losses using the lifetime expected loss on all trade receivables. Expected credit losses are measured by grouping receivables by their shared credit risk characteristics and days overdue.
The Company has concluded that the expected loss rates for trade receivables are a reasonable approximation of the loss rates for these assets. Expected loss rates are based on sales payment profiles and historical credit losses within this period. Historical loss rates are adjusted to reflect current expectations and information regarding macroeconomic factors that affect the ability of customers to meet their commitments. Impairment losses from receivables and contract assets are shown as net impairment losses in the line “Impairment of financial assets and reversal of impairment losses,” see Note 21.7. Any subsequent recoveries of financial assets previously charged off are credited to the same line.
The gross value of a financial asset is charged off to the income statement when the Company has no reasonable expectation of recovering all or a portion of it, following an individual analysis prepared by management.
3.7 Financial liabilities
Management accounts for its financial liabilities at amortized cost.
Upon initial recognition, the Company measures its financial liabilities by their fair value less the transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial liability. The Company subsequently measures its financial liabilities at amortized cost.
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost are commercial accounts payable and other accounts payable and other financial liabilities.
Amortized cost is based using the effective interest rate method. Amortized cost is calculated by considering any premium or discount on the acquisition and includes transaction costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.
3.8 Estimated fair value of financial instruments
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities is estimated using the following information. Although the data represent Management's best estimates, it is subjective and involves significant estimates regarding current economic conditions, market conditions and risk characteristics.
Methodologies and assumptions used depend on the risk terms and characteristics of instruments and include the following as a summary:
Fair value estimation
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value consist of forwards hedging the mismatch in the balance sheet and cash flows, options hedging the mismatch in the balance sheet and cross currency swaps to hedge bonds issued in local currency (Peso/UF).
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities recognized by cross currency swaps contracts is calculated as the difference between the present value of discounted cash flows of the asset (Peso/UF) and liability (Dollar) parts of the derivative. In the case of the IRS, the asset value recognized is calculated as the difference between the discounted cash flows of the asset (variable rate) and liability (fixed rate) parts of the derivative. Forwards are calculated as the difference between the strike price of the contract and the spot price plus the forwards points at the date of the contract. Financial options: the value recognized is calculated using the Black-Scholes method.
In the case of CCS, the entry data used for the valuation models are UF, Peso, Dollar and basis swap rates. In the case of fair value calculations for interest rate swaps, the Forward Rate Agreement rate and ICVS 23 Curve (Bloomberg: cash/deposits rates, futures, swaps). In the case of forwards, the forwards curve for the currency in question is used. Finally, for options, the spot price, risk-free rate and volatility of exchange rate are used, all in accordance with the currencies used in each valuation. The financial information used as entry data for the Company’s valuation models is obtained from Bloomberg, the well-known financial software company. Conversely, the fair value provided by the counterparties of derivatives contracts is used only as a control and not for valuation purposes.
Fair value estimates for disclosure purposes
•Cash equivalent approximates fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.
•Fair value of current trade receivables is considered to be equal to the carrying amount due to the maturity of such accounts at short-term.
•Payables, current lease liabilities and other current financial liabilities’s fair value equal to book value due to the short-term maturity of these accounts.
•The fair value of the debt (long-term secured and unsecured debentures; bonds denominated in local currency (Peso/UF) and foreign currency (Dollar), borrowings denominated in foreign currency (Dollar) of the Company are calculated at current value of cash flows subtracted from market rates upon valuation, considering the terms of maturity and exchange rates. The UF and Peso rate curves are used as inputs for the valuation model. This information is obtained through from the renowned financial software company, Bloomberg, and the Chilean Association of Banks and Financial Institutions.
3.9 Reclassification of financial instruments
When the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets, it will reclassify all its financial assets affected by the new business model. Financial liabilities cannot be reclassified.
3.10 Financial instruments derecognition
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred; and the control of the financial assets has not been retained.
The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations or a part of these are discharged, paid to the creditor or legally extinguished from the principle responsibility contained in the liability.
3.11 Derivative and hedging financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments are recognized initially at fair value as of the date on which the derivatives contract is signed and, they are subsequently assessed at fair value. The method for recognizing the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative has been designated as an accounting hedge instrument and, if so, it depends on the type of hedging, which may be as follows:
a)Fair value hedge of assets and liabilities recognized (fair value hedges).
b)Hedging of a single risk associated with a recognized asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction (cash flow hedge).
At the beginning of the transaction, the Company documents the relationship that exists between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as their objectives for risk management purposes and strategy to conduct the different hedging operations.
The Company also documents its evaluation both at the beginning and at the end of each period if the derivatives used in hedging transactions are highly effective to offset changes in the fair value or in cash flows of hedged items.
The fair value of derivative instruments used for hedging purposes is shown in Note 12.3.
Derivatives that are not designated or do not qualify as hedging derivatives are classified as current assets or liabilities, and changes in the fair value are directly recognized through income.
a)Fair value hedge
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the statement of income, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. The gain or loss relating to the effective portion of interest rate swaps that hedge fixed rate borrowings is recognized in the statement of income within finance costs, together with changes in the fair value of the hedged fixed rate borrowings attributable to interest rate risk. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized in income within other income or other expenses captions. If the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedged item for which the effective interest method is used is amortized to income over the period to maturity using a recalculated effective interest rate.
b)Cash flow hedges
The effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument is initially recognized with a debit or credit to other comprehensive income, while any ineffective portion is immediately recognized to income, as appropriate, depending on the nature of the hedged risk. The amounts accumulated in other comprehensive income are carried over to results when the hedged items are settled or when these have an impact on income.
When a hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative deferred gain or loss and deferred costs of hedging in equity at that time remains in equity until the forecast transaction occurs.
When the forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss and deferred costs of hedging that were reported in other comprehensive income are immediately reclassified to the statement of income.
3.12 Derivative financial instruments not considered as hedges
Derivative financial instruments not considered as hedges are recognized at fair value with the effect in the statement of income for the year. The Company has derivative financial instruments to hedge foreign currency risk exposure.
The Company continually evaluates the existence of embedded derivatives in both its contracts and in its financial instruments. As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company does not have any embedded derivatives.
3.13 Deferred acquisition cost from insurance contracts
Acquisition costs from insurance contracts are classified as prepayments and correspond to insurance contracts in force, recognized using the straight-line method and on an accrual basis independent of payment date. These are recognized under other non-financial assets current.
3.14 Leases
(a)Right-of-use assets
The Company recognizes right-of-use assets on the initial lease date (i.e., the date on which the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, adjusted by any new measurement of the lease liability. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of recognized lease liabilities, direct initial costs incurred and lease payments made on the start date or sooner, less the lease incentives received. Unless the Company is reasonably sure it will take ownership of the leased asset at the end of the lease period, the assets recognized through right-of-use are depreciated in a straight line during the shortest period of their estimated useful life and lease period. Right-of-use assets are subject to impairment.
(b)Lease liabilities
On the lease start date, the Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at present value of lease payments that will be made during the lease period. Lease payments include fixed payments (including payments that are essentially fixed), less incentives for lease receivables, variable lease payments that are dependent on an index or rate and amounts that are expected to be paid as guaranteed residual value. Lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option if the Company is reasonably sure it will exercise this and penalty payments for terminating a lease, if the lease period reflects that the Company will exercise the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that are not dependent on an index or rate are recognized as expenses in the period that produces the event or condition that triggers payment.
When calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate on the initial lease date if the interest rate implicit in the lease cannot be determined easily. After the start date, the lease liability balance will increase to reflect the accumulation of interest and will diminish as lease payments are made. Furthermore, the book value of lease liabilities is remeasured in the event of an amendment, a change in the lease period, a change in the fixed lease payments in substance or a change in the assessment to buy the underlying asset.
Payments made that affect lease liabilities are presented as part of the financing activities in the cash flow statement.
(c)Short-term leases and low-value asset leases
The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to leases with a lease term of 12 months or less starting on the start date and that don’t have a purchase option. It also applies the low-value asset lease recognition exemptions to leases less than the limit specified in the respective accounting standard. Lease payments in short-term leases and low-value asset leases are recognized as lineal expenses during the lease term.
(d)Significant judgments in the determination of the lease term for contracts with renewal options.
The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of the lease, together with periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain that this will be exercised, or any period covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain that this will not be exercised.
The Company has the option, under some of its leases, to lease assets for additional terms. The Company applies its judgment when assessing whether it is reasonably certain that it will exercise the option to renovate. In other words, it considers all the relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise the option to renovate. After the start date, the Company reevaluates the lease term if there is a significant event or change in the circumstances that are under its control and affect its capacity to exercise (or not exercise) the option to renovate.
3.15 Inventory measurement
The method used to determine the cost of inventories is the weighted average monthly cost of warehouse storage. In determining production costs for own products, the company includes the costs of labor, raw materials, materials and supplies used in production, depreciation and maintenance of the goods that participate in the production process, the costs of product movement necessary to maintain stock on location and in the condition in which they are found, and also includes the indirect costs of each task such as laboratories, process and planning areas, and personnel expenses related to production, among others.
For finished and in-process products, the company has three types of provisions, which are reviewed quarterly:
(a)Provision associated with the lower value of stock: The provision is directly identified with the product that generates it and involves three types: (i) provision of lower realizable value, which corresponds to the difference between the inventory cost of intermediary or finished products, and the sale price minus the necessary costs to bring them to the same conditions and location as the product with which they are compared; (ii) provision for future uncertain use that corresponds to the value of those products in process that are likely not going to be used in sales based on the company’s long-term plans; (iii) reprocessing costs of products that are unfeasible for sale due to current specifications.
(b)Provision associated with physical differences in inventory: A provision is made for differences that exceed the tolerance considered in the respective inventory process (physical and annual inventories are taken for the productive units in Chile and the port of Tocopilla; the business subsidiaries depend on the last zero ground obtained, but in general it is at least once a year), these differences are recognized immediately.
(c)Potential errors in the determination of stock: The company has an algorithm (reviewed at least once a year) that corresponds to diverse percentages assigned to each inventory based on the product, location, complexity involved in the associated measurement, rotation and control mechanisms.
Inventories of raw materials, materials and supplies for production are recorded at acquisition cost. Cyclical inventories are performed in warehouses, as well as general inventories every three years. Differences are recognized at the moment they are detected. The company has a provision based on quarterly calculations from percentages associated with each type of material (classification by warehouse and rotation), these percentages use the lower value resulting from deterioration or obsolescence as well as potential losses. This provision is reviewed at least annually, and considers the historical results obtained in the inventory processes.
3.16 Non-controlling interests
Non-controlling interests are recorded in the consolidated statement of financial position within equity but separate from equity attributable to the owners of the Parent.
3.17 Related party transactions
Transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries are part of the Company’s normal operations within its scope of business activities. Conditions for such transactions are those normally effective for those types of operations with regard to terms and market prices. The maturity conditions vary according to the originating transaction.
3.18 Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at acquisition cost, net of the related accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment losses that they might have experienced.
In addition to the price paid for the acquisition of tangible property, plant and equipment, the Company has considered the following concepts as part of the acquisition cost, as applicable:
(a)Accrued interest expenses during the construction period that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are those that require a substantial period prior to being ready for use. The interest rate used is that related to the project’s specific financing or, should this not exist, the average financing rate of the investor company.
Financing costs are not capitalized for periods that exceed the normal term of acquisition, construction or installation of an asset, such as delays, interruptions or temporary suspension of the project due to technical, financial or other problems that prevent the asset from reaching a usable condition.
(b)The future costs that the Company will have to experience, related to the closure of its facilities at the end of their useful life, are included at the present value of disbursements expected to be required to settle the and its subsequent variation is recorded directly in results.
Having initially recognized provisions for closure and refurbishment, the corresponding cost is capitalized as an asset in “Property, plant and equipment” and amortized in line with the amortization criteria for the associated assets.
Construction-in-progress is transferred to property, plant and equipment in operation once the assets are available for use and the related depreciation and amortization begins on that date.
Extension, modernization or improvement costs that represent an increase in productivity, ability or efficiency or an extension of the useful lives of property, plant and equipment are capitalized as a higher cost of the related assets. All the remaining maintenance, preservation and repair expenses are charged to expense as they are incurred.
The replacement of assets, which increase the asset’s useful life or its economic capacity, are recorded as a higher value of property, plant and equipment with the related derecognition of replaced or renewed elements.
Gains or losses which are generated from the sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognized as income (loss) and calculated as the difference between the asset’s sales value and its net carrying value.
The cost of interest is recognized by applying an average or average weighted interest rate for all financing costs incurred by the Company to the final monthly balances for works underway and complies with the requirements of the required standard.
3.19 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are depreciated through the straight-line distribution of cost over the estimated technical useful life of the asset, which is the period in which the Company expects to use the asset. When components of one item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are recorded as separate assets and depreciated over their expected useful lives. Useful lives are reviewed on an annual basis.
Fixed assets located in the Salar de Atacama consider useful life to be the lesser value between the technical useful life and the years remaining until 2030.
In the case of certain mobile equipment, depreciation is performed depending on the hours of operation.
The useful lives used for the depreciation and amortization of assets included in property, plant and equipment in years are presented below:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Classes of property, plant and equipment |
|
Minimum life or
rate (years) |
|
Maximum life or
rate (years) |
|
Life or average rate
in years |
| Mining assets (*) |
|
5 |
|
10 |
|
8 |
| Energy generating assets |
|
5 |
|
16 |
|
8 |
| Buildings |
|
4 |
|
25 |
|
13 |
| Supplies and accessories |
|
4 |
|
15 |
|
8 |
| Office equipment |
|
5 |
|
10 |
|
6 |
| Transport equipment |
|
6 |
|
20 |
|
9 |
| Network and communication equipment |
|
4 |
|
12 |
|
7 |
| IT equipment |
|
4 |
|
11 |
|
7 |
| Machinery, plant and equipment |
|
3 |
|
24 |
|
11 |
| Other fixed assets |
|
3 |
|
20 |
|
9 |
(*) Mining equipment includes SQM Australia's exploration assets, which are depreciated on a unit of production basis.
3.20 Goodwill
Goodwill acquired represents the excess in acquisition cost on the fair value of the Company’s ownership of the net identifiable assets of the subsidiary on the acquisition date. Goodwill acquired related to the acquisition of subsidiaries is included in the line item goodwill, which is subject to impairment tests annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired and is stated at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Gains and losses related to the sale of an entity include the carrying value of goodwill related to the entity sold.
This intangible asset is assigned to cash-generating units with the purpose of testing impairment losses. It is allocated based on cash-generating units expected to obtain benefits from the business combination from which the aforementioned goodwill acquired arose.
3.21 Intangible assets other than goodwill
Intangible assets other than goodwill mainly relate to water rights, costs for rights of way for electricity lines, software and licensing costs, the development of computer software and mining property and concession rights.
(a)Water rights
Water rights acquired by the Company relate to water from natural sources and are recorded at acquisition cost. The Company separates water rights into:
i)Finite rights with amortization using the straight-line method, and
ii)Indefinite rights, which are not amortized, given that these assets represent rights granted in perpetuity to the Company and subject to an annual impairment assessment.
(b)Rights of way for electric lines
As required for the operation of industrial plants, the Company has paid rights of way in order to install wires for the different electric lines on third party land.
(c)Computer software
Licenses for IT programs acquired are capitalized based on their acquisition and customization costs. These costs are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The useful lives of IT programs are defined by their contracts or rights.
Expenses related to the development or maintenance of IT programs are recognized as an expense as and when incurred. Costs directly related to the production of unique and identifiable IT programs controlled by the Group, and which will probably generate economic benefits that are higher than its costs during more than a year, are recognized as intangible assets. Direct costs include the expenses of employees who develop information technology software and general expenses in accordance with corporate charges received.
The costs of development for IT programs are recognized as assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives.
(d)Mining property and concession rights
The Company holds mining property and concession rights from the Chilean and Western Australian Governments. Property rights from the State of Chile are usually obtained at no initial cost (other than the payment of mining patents and minor recording expenses) and once the rights on these concessions have been obtained, they are retained by the Company while annual patents are paid. Such patents, which are paid annually, are recorded as prepaid assets and amortized over the following twelve months. Amounts attributable to mining concessions acquired from third parties that are not from the Chilean Government are recorded at acquisition cost within intangible assets.
The finite useful life of mining properties is calculated using the productive unit method, except for the mining properties owned by Corfo, which have been leased to the Company and grant it the right to exclusively exploit them until December 31, 2030.
Minimum and maximum amortization lives or rates of intangible assets:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Estimated useful life or amortization rate |
|
Minimum Life or
Rate |
|
Maximum Life or
Rate |
| Water rights |
|
2 years |
|
Indefinite |
| Rights of way |
|
Indefinite |
|
Indefinite |
| Corfo Mining properties (1) |
|
7 years |
|
7 years |
| Mining rights |
|
Unit-production method |
| Intellectual property |
|
9 years |
|
9 years |
| IT programs |
|
3 years |
|
9 years |
________________________________________________
(1)Mining properties owned by Corfo and leased to the Company, which grant it the exclusive right to exploit them until December 31, 2030.
3.22 Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses are charged to the statement of income in the period in which the expenditure was incurred.
3.23 Exploration and evaluation expenses
The Company holds mining concessions for exploration and exploitation of ore, the Company gives the following treatment to the associated expenses:
Once the rights have been obtained, the Company records the disbursements directly associated with the exploration and evaluation of the deposit in execution as property, plant and equipment (construction in progress) at its cost. These disbursements include the following items: geological surveys, drilling, borehole extraction and sampling, activities related to the technical assessment and commercial viability of the extraction, and in general, any disbursement directly related to specific projects where the objective is to find ore resources. If the technical studies determine that the ore grade is not economically viable, the asset is directly charged to the statement of income. If determined otherwise, the asset described above is associated with the extractable ore tonnage which is amortized as it is used.
(a)Limestone and metallic exploration
These assets are included in Other non-current non-financial assets, and the portion related to the area to be exploited in the year is reclassified to Current inventories, if applicable. Costs related to metal exploration are charged to income in the period in which they are recognized if the project assessed doesn’t qualify as advanced exploration otherwise, these are amortized during the development stage.
(b)Exploration and evaluation at the Mt. Holland Project
Exploration and evaluation costs incurred prior to the commencement of mining are presented in Construction in progress, until mining had commenced, subsequently these are reclassified to Mining assets as part of its property, plant and equipment.
3.24 Impairment of non-financial assets
Assets subject to depreciation and amortization are also subject to impairment testing, provided that an event or change in the circumstances indicates that the amounts in the accounting records may not be recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the book value of the asset over its recoverable amount.
For assets other than goodwill, the Group annually assesses whether there is any indication that a previously recognized impairment loss may no longer exist or may have decreased. Should such indications exist, the recoverable amount is estimated.
The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher between the fair value of an asset or cash generating unit less costs of sales and its value in use, and is determined for an individual asset unless the asset does not generate any cash inflows that are clearly independent from other assets or groups of assets.
In evaluating value in use, estimated future cash flows are discounted using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment, the value of money over time and the specific asset risks.
Impairment losses from continuing operations are recognized with a debit to the statement of income in the categories of expenses associated with the impaired asset function.
For assets other than goodwill, a previously recognized impairment loss is only reversed if there have been changes in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last time an impairment loss was recognized. If this is the case, the carrying value of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount. This increased amount cannot exceed the carrying value that would have been determined, net of depreciation, if an asset impairment loss had not been recognized in prior years. This reversal is recognized with a credit to the statement of income.
Assets with indefinite lives are assessed for impairment annually.
3.25 Minimum dividend
As required by Chilean law and regulations, our dividend policy is decided upon from time to time by our Board of Directors and is announced at the Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, which is generally held in April of each year. Shareholder approval of the dividend policy is not required. However, each year the Board must submit the declaration of the final dividend or dividends in respect of the preceding year, consistent with the then-established dividend policy, to the Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting for approval. As required by the Chilean Companies Act, unless otherwise decided by unanimous vote of the holders of issued shares, we must distribute a cash dividend in an amount equal to at least 30% of our consolidated net income for that year unless and to the extent the Company has a deficit in retained earnings. (See Note 19.5).
3.26 Earnings per share
The basic earnings per share amounts are calculated by dividing the net income for the year attributable to the ordinary owners of the parent by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended December 31 |
| Earnings per Share |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net income attributable to the owners of the parent (ThUS$) |
|
923,191,000 |
|
3,906,311,000 |
|
585,454,000 |
|
| Weighted average number of shares |
|
285,638,456 |
|
285,638,456 |
|
278,157,812 |
|
| Basic earnings per share (US$) |
|
3.2320 |
|
13.6757 |
|
2.1048 |
|
| Net income attributable to the owners of the parent (ThUS$) |
|
923,191,000 |
|
3,906,311,000 |
|
585,454,000 |
|
| Weighted average number of shares |
|
285,638,456 |
|
285,638,456 |
|
278,157,812 |
|
| Diluted earnings per share (US$) |
|
3.2320 |
|
13.6757 |
|
2.1048 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Series A common shares |
|
142,819,552 |
|
142,819,552 |
|
142,819,552 |
|
| Series B common shares |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,818,904 |
|
135,338,260 |
|
| Total weighted average number of shares |
|
285,638,456 |
|
285,638,456 |
|
278,157,812 |
|
The Company has no instruments that could potentially dilute earnings per share for the three years ended December 31, 2023.
3.27 Other provisions
Provisions are recognized when:
•The Company has a present, legal or constructive obligation as the result of a past event.
•It is more likely than not that certain resources must be used, to settle the obligation.
•A reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
In the event that the provision or a portion of it is reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset solely if there is certainty of income.
In the consolidated statement of income, the expense for any provision is presented net of any reimbursement.
Should the effect of the value of money over time be significant, provisions are discounted using a discount rate before tax that reflects the liability’s specific risks. When a discount rate is used, the increase in the provision over time is recognized as a finance cost.
The Company’s policy is to maintain provisions to cover risks and expenses based on a better estimate to deal with possible or certain and quantifiable responsibilities from current litigation, compensations or obligations, pending expenses for which the amount has not yet been determined, collaterals and other similar guarantees for which the Company is responsible. These are recorded at the time the responsibility or the obligation that determines the compensation or payment is generated.
3.28 Obligations related to employee termination benefits and pension commitments
Obligations towards the Company’s employees comply with the provisions of the collective bargaining agreements in force, which are formalized through collective employment agreements and individual employment.
These obligations are valued using actuarial calculations, according to the projected unit credit method which considers such assumptions as the mortality rate, employee turnover, interest rates, retirement dates, effects related to increases in employees’ salaries, as well as the effects on variations in services derived from variations in the inflation rate.
Actuarial gains and losses that may be generated by variations in defined, pre-established obligations are directly recorded in “Other comprehensive income”.
Actuarial losses and gains have their origin in deviations between the estimate and the actual behavior of actuarial assumptions or in the reformulation of established actuarial assumptions.
The above is applicable except in the United States, where our subsidiary SQM North America has established pension plans for its retired employees that are calculated by measuring the projected obligation using a net salary progressive rate net of adjustments for inflation, mortality and turnover assumptions, deducting the resulting amounts at present value. The net balance of this obligation is presented under the “Non-current provisions for employee benefits” (refer to Note 17.4).
3.29 Compensation plans
Compensation plans implemented through benefits provided in share-based payments settled in cash are recognized in the financial statements at their fair value, in accordance with IFRS 2. Changes in the fair value of options granted are recognized with a charge to payroll in the statement of income (see Note 17.6).
3.30 Revenue recognition
Revenue is an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to earn in exchange for the sale of goods and services in the regular course of business. Revenue is presented net of value added tax, estimated returns, rebates and discounts and after the elimination of sales among subsidiaries.
Revenues are recognized when the specific conditions for each income stream are met, as follows:
(a)Sale of goods
The sale of goods is recognized when the Company has delivered products to the customer, and there is no obligation pending compliance that could affect the acceptance of products by the customer. The delivery does not occur until products have been shipped to the customer or confirmed as received by the customer, and the related risks of obsolescence and loss have been transferred to the customer and the customer has accepted the products in accordance with the conditions established in the sale, when the acceptance period has ended, or when there is objective evidence that those criteria required for acceptance have been met.
Sales are recognized in consideration of the price set in the sales agreement, net of volume discounts and estimated returns at the date of the sale. Volume discounts are evaluated in consideration of annual foreseen purchases and in accordance with the criteria defined in agreements.
(b)Sale of services
Revenue associated with the rendering of services is recognized considering the degree of completion of the service as of the date of presentation of the consolidated classified statement of financial position, provided that the result from the transaction can be estimated reliably.
(c)Income from dividends
Income from dividends is recognized when the right to receive the payment is established.
3.31 Finance income and finance costs
Finance income is mainly composed of interest income from financial instruments such as term deposits and mutual fund deposits. Interest income is recognized in the statement of income at amortized cost, using the effective interest rate method.
Finance costs are mainly composed of interest on bank borrowing expenses, interest on bonds issued and interest capitalized for borrowing costs for the acquisition, construction or production or qualifying assets. Borrowing costs and bonds issued are also recognized in the statement of income using the effective interest rate method.
3.32 Current income tax and deferred
Corporate income tax for the year is determined as the sum of current and deferred income taxes from the different consolidated companies.
Current taxes are based on the application of the various types of taxes attributable to taxable income for the period. The Company periodically assesses the positions taken in the determination of taxes with respect to situations in which the applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and considers whether it is probable that a tax authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment. A provision is created if it is probable that a payment will be required to a taxation authority. The Company measures its tax balances based on the most likely amount or expected value, depending on which method provides a better prediction of the resolution of uncertainty.
Differences between the book value of assets and liabilities and their tax basis generate the balance of deferred tax assets or liabilities, which are calculated using the tax rates expected to be applicable when the assets and liabilities are realized.
In conformity with current tax regulations, the provision for corporate income tax and taxes on mining activity is recognized on an accrual basis, presenting the net balances of accumulated monthly tax provisional payments for the fiscal period and associated credits. The balances of these accounts are presented in current income taxes recoverable or current taxes payable, as applicable.
Current taxes and changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities that do not arise from business combinations are recognized in the statement of net income or in equity in the consolidated statement of financial position, depending on where the gains or losses that caused them were recognized.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when a legally enforceable right exists to offset tax assets with tax liabilities and the deferred tax is levied by the same tax authority on the same entity.
The recognized deferred tax liabilities refer to the amount of income tax to pay in a future period, related to taxable temporary differences.
Company does not recognize deferred tax liabilities for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, branches and associates, or with interests in joint ventures, because in accordance with the standard, the following two conditions are jointly met:
i.the parent company, investor or participant is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference; and
ii.it is probable that the temporary difference will not be reversed in the foreseeable future.
Recognized deferred tax assets are income taxes recoverable in future periods, related to:
a)deductible temporary differences;
b)compensation for losses obtained in prior periods, which have not yet been subject to tax deduction; and
c)compensation for unused credits from prior periods.
The Company recognizes deferred tax assets when it has the certainty that they can be offset with tax income from subsequent periods, unused tax losses or credits to date, but only when this availability of future tax income is probable and can be used for offsetting these unused tax losses or credits.
Moreover, the Company does not recognize deferred tax assets for all the deductible temporary differences that originate from investments in subsidiaries, branches and associates, or from joint ventures, because it is unlikely that they meet the following requirements:
(i)temporary differences are reversed in the foreseeable future; and
(ii)there is taxable profit available against which temporary differences can be used.
3.33 Operating segment reporting
IFRS 8 requires that companies adopt a management approach to disclose information on the operations generated by its operating segments. In general, this is the information that management uses internally for the evaluation of segment performance and making the decision on how to allocate resources for this purpose.
An operating segment is a group of assets and operations responsible for providing products or services subject to risks and performance that are different from those of other business segments. A geographical segment is responsible for providing products or services in a given economic environment subject to risks and performance that are different from those of other segments operating in other economic environments.
Allocation of assets and liabilities, to each segment is not possible given that these are associated with more than one segment, except for depreciation, amortization and impairment of assets, which are directly allocated in accordance with the criteria established in the costing process for product inventories to the corresponding segments.
3.34 Primary accounting criteria, estimates and assumptions
Management is responsible for the information contained in these consolidated annual accounts, which expressly indicate that all the principles and criteria included in IFRS, as issued by the IASB, have been applied in full.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, management has made significant judgments and estimates to quantify certain assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and commitments included therein. Basically, these estimates refer to:
•Estimated useful lives are determined based on current facts and past experience and take into consideration the expected physical life of the asset, the potential for technological obsolescence, and regulations. (See Notes 3.21, 14 and 15).
•Impairment losses of certain assets - Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not amortized and are assessed for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if the events or changes in circumstances indicate that these may have deteriorated Other assets, including property, plant and equipment, exploration assets, goodwill and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts exceed their recoverable amounts. If an impairment assessment is required, the assessment of fair value or value in use often requires estimates and assumptions such as discount rates, exchange rates, commodity prices, future capital requirements and future operating performance. Changes in such estimates could impact the recoverable values of these assets. Estimates are reviewed regularly by management (See Notes 3.21, 14 and 15).
•Assumptions used in calculating the actuarial amount of pension-related and severance indemnity payment benefit commitments (See Note 17).
•Contingencies – The amount recognized as a provision, including legal, contractual, constructive and other exposures or obligations, is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the related liability, including any related interest charges, considering the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. In addition, contingencies will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. Therefore, the assessment of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment and estimates of the outcome of future events. The Company assesses its liabilities and contingencies based upon the best information available, relevant tax laws and other appropriate requirements (See Note 20). If the Company is unable to rationally estimate the obligation or concluded no loss is probable but it is reasonably possible that a loss may be incurred, no provision is recorded but disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
•Volume determination for certain in-process and finished products is based on topographical measurements and technical studies that cover the different variables (density for bulk inventories and density and porosity for the remaining stock, among others), and related allowance.
•Estimates for obsolescence provisions to ensure that the carrying value of inventory is not in excess of the net realizable inventory valuation. (See Note 10).
Even though these estimates have been made on the basis of the best information available on the date of preparation of these consolidated financial statements, certain events may occur in the future and oblige their amendment (upwards or downwards) over the next few years, which would be made prospectively.
3.35 Government grants
The Company recognizes an unconditional government grant in the income statement as part of other income when the associated cash flows are received.
Note 4 Financial risk management
4.1 Financial risk management policy
The Company’s financial risk management policy is focused on safeguarding the stability and sustainability of the Company and its subsidiaries with regard to all such relevant financial uncertainty components.
The Company’s operations are subject to certain financial risk factors that may affect its financial position or results. The most significant risk exposures are market risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk, among others.
There could also be additional risks, which are either unknown or known but not currently deemed to be significant, which could also affect the Company’s business operations, its business, financial position, or statement of income.
The financial risk management structure includes identifying, determining, analyzing, quantifying, measuring and controlling these events. Management and in particular, Finance Management, is responsible for constantly assessing the financial risk.
4.2 Risk Factors
(a)Credit risk
A global economic contraction may have potentially negative effects on the financial assets of the Company, which are primarily made up of financial investments and trade receivables, and the impact on of our customers could extend the payment terms of the Company’s receivables by increasing its exposure to credit risk. Although measures are taken to minimize the risk, this global economic situation could mean losses with adverse material effects on the business, financial position or statement of income of the Company’s operations.
Trade receivables: to mitigate credit risk, the Company maintains active control of collection and requires the use of credit insurance. Credit insurance covers the risk of insolvency and unpaid invoices corresponding to 80% of all receivables with third parties. The credit risk associated with receivables is analyzed in Note 12.2 b) and the related accounting policy can be found in Note 3.6.
Bank promissory notes: These are negotiable promissory notes issued by a bank payable upon maturity at the request of customers to guarantee collection of the Company. These notes are accepted based on the credit quality of the issuing banks.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Financial institution |
|
Financial assets |
|
Rating |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
|
|
|
Moody´s |
|
S&P |
|
Fitch |
|
ThUS$ |
| Agricultural Bank of China |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-1 |
|
A-1 |
|
- |
|
2,061 |
| Bank of Communications |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
8,783 |
| Bank of NingBo |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-2 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
1,065 |
| China CITIC Bank |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-2 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
35,477 |
| China Construction Bank Corporation |
|
Bank notes |
|
- |
|
A-1 |
|
- |
|
1,802 |
| China Everbright Bank |
|
Bank notes |
|
(P)P-2 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
2,647 |
| China Guangfa Bank |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-3 |
|
A-3 |
|
- |
|
1,245 |
| China Merchants |
|
Bank notes |
|
- |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
8,661 |
| China Minsheng Bank |
|
Bank notes |
|
- |
|
A-3 |
|
- |
|
3,097 |
| China Zheshang Bank |
|
Bank notes |
|
- |
|
A-3 |
|
- |
|
3,167 |
| HuaXia Bank |
|
Bank notes |
|
- |
|
A-3 |
|
- |
|
3,639 |
| Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Limited |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-1 |
|
A-1 |
|
- |
|
8,998 |
| Industrial Bank |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-1 |
|
A-1+ |
|
- |
|
12,177 |
| International Bank of Macau |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-1 |
|
- |
|
F1+ |
|
4,122 |
| Shanghai Pudong Development Bank |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-2 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
20,549 |
| Others |
|
Bank notes |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
8,441 |
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
125,931 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Financial institution |
|
Financial assets |
|
Rating |
|
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
|
|
Moody´s |
|
S&P |
|
Fitch |
|
ThUS$ |
| Agricultural Bank of China |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-1 |
|
A-1 |
|
F1+ |
|
10,334 |
| Bank of China |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-1 |
|
A-1 |
|
F1+ |
|
27,936 |
| Bank of Jiujiang |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-2 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
1,964 |
| Bank of Ningbo |
|
Bank notes |
|
P-2 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
3,148 |
| Others |
|
Bank notes |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
1,887 |
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,269 |
Concentrations of credit risk with regard to trade receivables are reduced, owing to the Company’s large number of clients and their distribution around the globe.
No significant modifications have been made during the period to risk models or parameters used in comparison to December 31, 2023, and no modifications have been made to contractual cash flows that have been significant during this period, except for considering in December 31, 2022 the incorporation of cash flows received from insurance claims in the determination of the allowance for doubtful accounts.
The effect of this change was not significant to the overall financial statements as of December 31, 2022.
Financial investments: correspond to time deposits whose maturity date is greater than 90 days and less than 360 days from the date of investment, so they are not exposed to excessive market risks. The counterparty risk in implementation of financial operations is assessed on an ongoing basis for all financial institutions in which the Company holds financial investments.
The credit quality of financial assets that are not past due or impaired can be evaluated by reference to external credit ratings (if they are available) or historical information on counterparty late payment rates:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Financial institution |
|
Financial assets |
|
Rating |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
|
|
|
Moody´s |
|
S&P |
|
Fitch |
|
ThUS$ |
| Banco Santander- Santiago |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
F2 |
|
6,318 |
|
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
1,001 |
|
| Corpbanca |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-2 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
5,014 |
|
| Banco de Chile |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-1 |
|
A-1 |
|
- |
|
4,460 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Time deposits |
|
- |
|
- |
|
F1+ |
|
6,752 |
|
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
Investment fund |
|
AA+ |
|
- |
|
- |
|
5,031 |
|
| JP Morgan US dollar Liquidity Fund Institutional |
|
Investment fund |
|
Aaa-mf |
|
AAAm |
|
AAAmmf |
|
22,845 |
|
| Legg Mason - Western Asset Institutional cash reserves |
|
Investment fund |
|
- |
|
AAAm |
|
AAAmmf |
|
312,924 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
364,345 |
|
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
F2 |
|
74,459 |
|
| Banco Morgan Stanley |
|
Margin Call |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
F1 |
|
5,590 |
|
| Banco Santander |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
100,083 |
|
| Banco Itaú CorpBanca |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-2 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
372,061 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Time deposits |
|
- |
|
- |
|
F1+ |
|
672,720 |
|
| Sumitomo Mitsui Banking |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-1 |
|
- |
|
F1 |
|
91,884 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,316,797 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Financial institution |
|
Financial assets |
|
Rating |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
|
|
Moody´s |
|
S&P |
|
Fitch |
|
ThUS$ |
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
Time deposits |
|
- |
|
A-2 |
|
F2 |
|
150,578 |
| Banco Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-2 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
284,915 |
| Banco Santander - Santiago |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
124,689 |
| Scotiabank Chile |
|
Time deposits |
|
- |
|
- |
|
F1+ |
|
416,026 |
| Sumitomo Mitsui Banking |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-1 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
122,631 |
| Banco de Chile |
|
Time deposits |
|
- |
|
A-1 |
|
- |
|
602 |
| JP Morgan US dollar Liquidity Fund Institutional |
|
Investment fund |
|
Aaa-mf |
|
AAAm |
|
AAAmmf |
|
435,485 |
| Legg Mason - Western Asset Institutional cash reserves |
|
Investment fund |
|
- |
|
AAAm |
|
AAAmmf |
|
590,661 |
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,125,587 |
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
Time deposits |
|
- |
|
A-2 |
|
F2 |
|
187,707 |
| Banco Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-2 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
15,048 |
| Banco Santander - Santiago |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
|
51,444 |
| Banco Estado |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-1 |
|
A-1 |
|
- |
|
85,055 |
| Scotiabank Chile |
|
Time deposits |
|
- |
|
- |
|
F1+ |
|
250,362 |
| Banco de Chile |
|
Time deposits |
|
- |
|
A-1 |
|
- |
|
150,259 |
| Sumitomo Mitsui Banking |
|
Time deposits |
|
P-1 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
210,292 |
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
950,167 |
(b)Exchange risk
The functional currency of the company is the US dollar, due to its influence on the determination of price levels, its relation to the cost of sales and considering that a significant part of the Company’s business is conducted in this currency. However, the global nature of the Company’s business generates an exposure to exchange rate variations of several currencies with the US dollar. Therefore, the Company maintains hedge contracts to mitigate the exposure generated by its main mismatches (net between assets and liabilities) in currencies other than the US dollar against the exchange rate variation, updating these contracts periodically depending on the amount of mismatching to be covered in these currencies. Occasionally, subject to the approval of the Board, the Company ensures short-term cash flows from certain specific line items in currencies other than the US dollar.
A significant portion of the Company’s costs, especially salary payments, is associated with the Peso. Therefore, an increase or decrease in its exchange rate with the US dollar will provoke a respective decrease or increase to these accounting costs, which would be reflected in the Company’s statement of income. By the fourth quarter of 2023, approximately US$873 million accumulated in expenses are associated with the Peso.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company held derivative instruments classified as hedges of foreign exchange risks associated with 100% of all the bond obligations denominated in UF, for a net assets fair value of US$2.52 million, this significant variation is explained primarily by the USD/CLP exchange rate observed at the end of the period. As of December 31, 2022, this value corresponds to a net liability amounting US$ 11.73 million.
Furthermore, on of December 31, 2023, the Company held derivative instruments classified as hedges of foreign exchange risks associated with 100% of all nominative term deposits in UF and in pesos, at a net liability fair value of US$18.30 million. As of December 31, 2022, a net liability fair value was recognized for an amount of US$29.98 million.
The Company contracted derivatives classified as foreign exchange hedges for all the expected disbursements in Australian dollars for the Mt Holland project (See note 8.5), to hedge its exposure to cash flow variations. The fair value of this hedge was a net asset of US$ 1.44 million as of December 31, 2023.
The Company had the following derivative contracts as of December 31, 2023 (at the absolute value of the sum of their notional values), to hedge the difference between its assets and liabilities: US$ 50.60 million CLP/US dollar derivative contracts, US$ 24.44 million Euro/US dollar derivative contracts, US$ 21.72 million in South African rand/US dollar derivative contracts, US$ 535.32 million in Chinese renminbi/US dollar derivative contracts, US$ 64.40 million in Australian dollar/US dollar derivative contracts and US$ 7.38 million in other currencies.
These derivative contracts are held with domestic and foreign banks, which have the following credit ratings as of December 31, 2023.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Financial institution |
|
Financial assets |
|
Rating |
|
|
|
|
Moody´s |
|
S&P |
|
Fitch |
| Banco Estado |
|
Derivative |
|
P-1 |
|
- |
|
- |
| Merrill Lynch International |
|
Derivative |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
F1+ |
| JP Morgan |
|
Derivative |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
F1+ |
| Morgan Stanley |
|
Derivative |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
F1 |
| The Bank of Nova Scotia |
|
Derivative |
|
P-1 |
|
A-1 |
|
F1+ |
| Banco Itaú-Corpbanca |
|
Derivative |
|
P-2 |
|
A-2 |
|
- |
| Goldman Sachs |
|
Derivative |
|
P-1 |
|
A-2 |
|
F1 |
(c)Interest rate risk
Interest rate fluctuations, primarily due to the uncertain future behavior of markets, may have a material impact on the financial results of the Company. Significant increases in the rate could make it difficult to access financing at attractive rates for the Company’s investment projects.
The Company maintains current and non-current financial debt at fixed rates and SOFR rate plus spread.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company has 6.8% of its financial liabilities subject to variations SOFR rate.
(d)Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk relates to the funds needed to comply with payment obligations. The Company’s objective is to maintain financial flexibility through a comfortable balance between fund requirements and cash flows from regular business operations, bank borrowings, bonds, short term investments and marketable securities, among others. For this purpose, the Company keeps a high liquidity ratio1, which enables it to cover current obligations with clearance. (As of December 31, 2023 this was 2.33 and 2.29 for December 31, 2022).
The Company has an important capital expense program which is subject to change over time.
On the other hand, world financial markets go through periods of contraction and expansion that are unforeseeable in the long-term and may affect the Company’s access to financial resources. Such factors may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial position and results of operations.
The Company constantly monitors the matching of its obligations with its investments, taking due care of maturities of both, from a conservative perspective, as part of this financial risk management strategy. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had unused, available revolving credit facilities with banks, for a total of US$1,116 million.
1 All current assets divided by all current liabilities.
Cash and cash equivalents are invested in highly liquid mutual funds with an AAA risk rating.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nature of undiscounted cash flows |
| As of December 31, 2023 |
|
Carrying
amount |
|
Less than 1 year |
|
1 to 5 years |
|
Over 5 years |
|
Total |
| (figures expressed in millions of US dollars) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Bank borrowings |
|
1,464.26 |
|
1,117.86 |
|
268.80 |
|
62.05 |
|
1,448.71 |
| Unsecured obligations |
|
2,999.17 |
|
98.88 |
|
729.56 |
|
2,733.92 |
|
3,562.36 |
| Sub total |
|
4,463.43 |
|
1,216.74 |
|
998.36 |
|
2,795.97 |
|
5,011.07 |
| Hedging liabilities |
|
25.37 |
|
24.11 |
|
30.08 |
|
1.30 |
|
55.49 |
| Derivative financial instruments |
|
14.81 |
|
14.81 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
14.81 |
| Sub total |
|
40.18 |
|
38.92 |
|
30.08 |
|
1.30 |
|
70.30 |
| Current and non-current lease liabilities (3) |
|
75.16 |
|
19.94 |
|
56.45 |
|
3.79 |
|
80.18 |
| Trade accounts payable and other accounts payable |
|
449.63 |
|
449.63 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
449.63 |
| Total |
|
5,028.40 |
|
1,725.23 |
|
1,084.89 |
|
2,801.06 |
|
5,611.18 |
(3) Leases subject to variability are not included.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nature of undiscounted cash flows |
| As of December 31, 2022 |
|
Carrying
amount |
|
Less than 1 year |
|
1 to 5 years |
|
Over 5 years |
|
Total |
| (figures expressed in millions of US dollars) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Bank borrowings |
|
330.80 |
|
144.83 |
|
220.33 |
|
— |
|
365.16 |
| Unsecured obligations |
|
2,550.60 |
|
405.17 |
|
616.66 |
|
2,935.15 |
|
3,956.98 |
| Sub total |
|
2,881.40 |
|
550.00 |
|
836.99 |
|
2,935.15 |
|
4,322.14 |
| Hedging liabilities |
|
62.53 |
|
40.76 |
|
20.43 |
|
12.68 |
|
73.87 |
| Derivative financial instruments |
|
5.82 |
|
5.82 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
5.82 |
| Sub total |
|
68.35 |
|
46.58 |
|
20.43 |
|
12.68 |
|
79.69 |
| Current and non-current lease liabilities |
|
61.73 |
|
13.94 |
|
36.33 |
|
27.85 |
|
78.12 |
| Trade accounts payable and other accounts payable |
|
374.79 |
|
374.79 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
374.79 |
| Total |
|
3,386.27 |
|
985.31 |
|
893.75 |
|
2,975.68 |
|
4,854.74 |
As of December 31, 2023, the nominal value of the agreed cash flows in US dollars of the CCS contracts were ThUS$ 504,393 (ThUS$ 512,236 as of December 31, 2022).
4.3 Financial risk management
The Company documents and maintains methods for qualitatively measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of financial risk management strategies. These methods are consistent with SQM Group’s risk management profile.
Note 5 Separate information on the main office, parent entity and joint action agreements
5.1 Parent’s stand-alone assets and liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Parent’s stand-alone assets and liabilities |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Assets |
|
8,824,362 |
|
8,430,376 |
| Liabilities |
|
(4,383,163) |
|
|
(3,533,744) |
|
| Equity |
|
4,441,199 |
|
4,896,632 |
5.2 Parent entity
Pursuant to Article 99 of the Securities Market Law, the CMF may determine that a company does not have a controlling entity in accordance with the distribution and dispersion of its ownership. On November 30, 2018, the CMF issued the ordinary letter No. 32,131 whereby it determined that the Pampa Group do not exert decisive power over the management of the Company since it does not have a predominance in the ownership that allows it to make management decisions.
Therefore, the CMF has determined not to consider Pampa Group the controlling entity of the Company and that the Company does not have a controlling entity given its current ownership structure.
Note 6 Board of Directors, Senior Management and Key management personnel
6.1 Remuneration of the Board of Directors and Senior Management
(a)Board of directors
SQM S.A. is managed by a Board of Directors which is composed of 8 directors, who are elected for a three-year period. The Board of Directors was elected during the ordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 26, 2023, which included the election of 2 independent directors. Subsequent to such election, the following is the integration of the Company's committees:
-Directors’ Committee: This committee is comprised by Gina Ocqueteau Tacchini, Antonio Gil Nievas and Ashley Ozols and fulfills the functions established in Article 50 bis of Chilean Law on publicly-held corporations. This committee takes on the role of the audit committee in accordance with the US-based Sarbanes Oxley law.
-The Company’s Health, Safety and Environment Committee: This committee is comprised of Antonio Schneider, Patricio Contesse Fica and Gonzalo Guerrero Yamamoto.
-Corporate Governance Committee: This committee is comprised of Hernán Büchi Buc, Patricio Contesse Fica and Xu Tieying.
During the periods covered by these financial statements, there are no pending receivable and payable balances between the Company, its directors or members of Senior Management, other than those related to remuneration, fee allowances and profit-sharing.There were no transactions between the Company, its directors and senior management for the three years ended December 31, 2023.
(b)Board of Directors’ Compensation
Board members’ compensation for 2022, that is from April 26, 2022 to April 26, 2023, was determined by the Annual General Shareholders Meeting held on April 26, 2022. It is as follows:
(i)The payment of a fixed, gross and monthly amount of UF 800 in favor of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, of UF 700 in favor of the vice-president of the board of directors and of UF 600 in favor of the remaining six directors and regardless of the number of Board of Directors’ Meetings held or not held during the related month.
(ii)A variable gross amount payable to the Chairman and Vice President of the board of directors equivalent to 0.12% of the net liquid income earned by the Company in the respective business year for each; and
(iii)A variable gross amount payable to each Company director, excluding the Chairman and Vice President of the board of directors, equivalent to 0.06% of the net liquid income earned in the respective business year.
To calculate the variable compensation amount for 2022, net earnings from 2022 will be considered, up to a maximum of 110% of the 2021 net earnings.
Compensation of the Board for 2023, that is from April 26, 2023 to April 24, 2024, was determined by the Annual General Shareholders Meeting held on April 26, 2023. It is as follows:
(i)The payment of a fixed, gross and monthly amount of UF 800 in favor of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, of UF 700 in favor of the vice-president of the board of directors and of UF 600 in favor of the remaining six directors and regardless of the number of Board of Directors’ Meetings held or not held during the related month.
(ii)A variable gross amount payable to the Chairman and Vice President of the board of directors equivalent to 0.12% of the net liquid income that the Company effectively obtains during the respective business year for each; and
(iii)A variable gross amount payable in local currency to each Company director, excluding the Chairman and Vice President of the Company, equivalent to 0.06% of the net liquid income that the Company effectively obtains during the respective business year.
Net income for the 2023 fiscal year will be considered for the calculation of variable compensation for 2023. The amount of variable compensation for 2023 will be capped at 110% of the amount paid to the Company’s directors for variable compensation in 2022.
These fixed and variable amounts for both periods shall not be challenged and those expressed in percentage terms shall be paid immediately after the respective annual general shareholders meeting approves the financial statements, the annual report, the account inspectors report and the external auditors report for the respective year.
Accordingly, the compensation and profit sharing paid to members of the Directors' Committee and the directors as of December 31, 2023, amounted to ThUS$ 7,516 and as of December 31, 2022 to ThUS$ 6,711, and as of December 31, 2021 to ThUS$ 3,749.
(c)Directors’ Committee compensation
Compensation for the Board of Directors is the same for 2021, 2022 and 2023, as follows:
(i)The payment of a fixed, gross and monthly amount of UF 200 in favor of each of the 3 directors who were members of the Directors’ Committee, regardless of the number of meetings of the Directors’ Committee that have or have not been held during the month concerned.
(ii)The payment in domestic currency and in favor of each of the 3 directors of a variable and gross amount equivalent to 0.02% of total net income from the respective business year.
To calculate the variable compensation amount for 2022, the net income from 2022 will be considered, up to a maximum of 110% of the 2021 net income.
Profit for the 2023 fiscal year will be considered for the calculation of variable compensation for 2023. The amount of variable compensation for 2023 will be capped at 110% of the amount paid to the Company’s directors for variable compensation in 2022.
These fixed and variable amounts for both periods shall not be challenged and those expressed in percentage terms shall be paid immediately after the respective annual general shareholders meeting approves the financial statements, the annual report, the account inspectors report and the external auditors report for the respective year.
(d)Health, Safety and Environmental Matters Committee:
The remuneration of this committee for the 2022 period was composed of the payment of a fixed, gross, monthly amount of UF 100 for each of the 3 directors on the committee regardless of the number of meetings it has held. For the 2023 period, this remuneration remains unchanged.
(e)Corporate Governance Committee
The remuneration for this committee for the 2022 period was composed of the payment of a fixed, gross, monthly amount of UF 100 for each of the 3 directors on the committees regardless of the number of meetings it has held. For the 2023 period, this remuneration remains unchanged.
(f)Guarantees constituted in favor of the directors
No guarantees have been constituted in favor of the directors.
(g)Senior management compensation:
(i)This includes monthly fixed salary and variable performance bonuses. (See Note 6.2)
(ii)The Company has an annual bonus plan based on goal achievement and individual contribution to the Company’s results. These incentives are structured as a minimum and maximum number of gross monthly salaries and are paid once a year.
(iii)In addition, there are retention bonuses for its executives (see Note 17.6)
(h)Guarantees pledged in favor of the Company’s management
No guarantees have been pledged in favor of the Company’s management.
(i)Pensions, life insurance, paid leave, shares in earnings, incentives, disability loans, other than those mentioned in the above points.
The Company’s Management and Directors do not receive or have not received any benefit during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 or compensation for the concept of pensions, life insurance, paid time off, profit sharing, incentives, or benefits due to disability other than those mentioned in the preceding points.
6.2 Key management personnel compensation
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the number of the key management personnel is 153 and 142, respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Key management personnel compensation |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2023 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2022 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Key management personnel compensation |
|
37,418 |
|
|
29,633 |
|
|
31,560 |
|
Please also see the description of the compensation plan for executives in Note 17.6.
Note 7 Equity-accounted investees
7.1 Investments in associates recognized according to the equity method of accounting
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-accounted investees |
|
Share in income of associates
accounted for using the equity
method |
|
Share in other comprehensive income of
associates accounted for using the equity
method |
|
Share in total comprehensive income of
associates accounted for using the equity
method |
| Associate |
|
As of
December
31, 2023 |
|
As of
December
31, 2022 |
|
|
For the year
ended
December
31, 2023 |
|
For the year
ended
December
31, 2022 |
|
For the year
ended
December
31, 2021 |
|
For the year
ended
December
31, 2023 |
|
For the year
ended
December
31, 2022 |
|
For the year
ended
December
31, 2021 |
|
For the year
ended
December
31, 2023 |
|
For the year
ended
December
31, 2022 |
|
For the year
ended
December
31, 2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Ajay North America |
|
17,657 |
|
|
17,654 |
|
|
|
3,733 |
|
|
5,351 |
|
|
2,802 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,733 |
|
|
5,351 |
|
|
2,802 |
|
| Ajay Europe SARL |
|
7,722 |
|
|
8,624 |
|
|
|
4,013 |
|
|
6,130 |
|
|
1,852 |
|
|
382 |
|
|
(498) |
|
|
360 |
|
|
4,395 |
|
|
5,632 |
|
|
2,212 |
|
| SAS Adionics |
|
19,514 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(985) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(985) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Electric Era Technologies Inc. |
|
3,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Altilium Metals Ltd. |
|
7,620 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Total |
|
55,513 |
|
|
26,278 |
|
|
|
6,761 |
|
|
11,481 |
|
|
4,654 |
|
|
382 |
|
|
(498) |
|
|
360 |
|
|
7,143 |
|
|
10,983 |
|
|
5,014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends received for the year ending |
| Associate |
|
Description of the nature
of the relationship |
|
Address |
|
Country of
incorporation |
|
Share of
ownership in
associates |
|
December 31,
2023 |
|
December 31,
2022 |
|
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Abu Dhabi Fertilizer Industries WWL |
|
Distribution and commercialization of specialty plant nutrients in the Middle East. |
|
PO Box 71871, Abu Dhabi |
|
United Arab Emirates |
|
37 |
% |
|
633 |
|
|
3,000 |
|
|
9,438 |
|
| Ajay North America |
|
Production and distribution of iodine and iodine derivatives. |
|
1400 Industry RD Power Springs GA 30129 |
|
United States of North America |
|
49 |
% |
|
4,013 |
|
|
1,576 |
|
|
1,233 |
|
| Ajay Europe SARL |
|
Production and distribution of iodine and iodine derivatives. |
|
Z.I. du Grand Verger BP 227 53602 Evron Cedex |
|
France |
|
50 |
% |
|
4,682 |
|
|
1,778 |
|
|
992 |
|
| SAS Adionics |
|
Lithium extraction, salt separation, water treatment for production and lithium cleaning. |
|
17 bis Avenue des Andes Les Ulis, 91940 |
|
France |
|
20 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Electric Era Technologies, Inc. |
|
Electric vehicle charging infrastructure, smart grid, renewable technology, demand management, battery storage. |
|
3257 17th Ave W Suite 101 Seattle, Washington 98119. |
|
United States of America |
|
6.82 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Altilium Metals Ltd. |
|
Production of battery-ready cathode materials from electric vehicle batteries. |
|
Phase 2 Room 205 Davy Road, Derrifod, Plymouth. |
|
United Kingdom |
|
3 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,328 |
|
|
6,354 |
|
|
11,663 |
|
7.2 Assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses of associates
The information disclosed reflects the amounts presented in the financial statements of the relevant associates and not the Company's share of those amounts.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
For the year ended December 31, 2023 |
|
|
Assets |
|
Liabilities |
|
Revenue |
|
Net income (loss) |
|
Other
comprehensive
income |
|
Comprehensive
income |
| Associate |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Ajay North America |
|
26,280 |
|
|
16,307 |
|
|
6,553 |
|
|
— |
|
|
60,019 |
|
|
7,617 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,617 |
|
| Ajay Europe SARL |
|
27,263 |
|
|
3,197 |
|
|
15,015 |
|
|
— |
|
|
73,952 |
|
|
8,025 |
|
|
12 |
|
|
8,037 |
|
| SAS Adionics |
|
19,645 |
|
|
12,294 |
|
|
5,141 |
|
|
917 |
|
|
4,156 |
|
|
(4,924) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(4,924) |
|
| Electric Era Technologies, Inc. |
|
15,486 |
|
|
242 |
|
|
3,702 |
|
|
— |
|
|
674 |
|
|
(3,177) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,177) |
|
| Altilium Metals Ltd. |
|
1,896 |
|
|
118,228 |
|
|
24,679 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,912) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,912) |
|
| Total |
|
90,570 |
|
|
150,268 |
|
|
55,090 |
|
|
917 |
|
|
138,801 |
|
|
5,629 |
|
|
12 |
|
|
5,641 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
|
For the year ended December 31, 2022 |
|
|
Assets |
|
Liabilities |
|
Revenue |
|
Net income (loss) |
|
Other
comprehensive
income |
|
Comprehensive
income |
| Associate |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Ajay North America |
|
30,455 |
|
|
15,972 |
|
|
10,395 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
63,482 |
|
|
10,919 |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,919 |
|
| Ajay Europe SARL |
|
33,742 |
|
|
1,992 |
|
|
18,486 |
|
|
— |
|
|
64,060 |
|
|
12,261 |
|
|
(21) |
|
|
12,240 |
|
| Total |
|
64,197 |
|
|
17,964 |
|
|
28,881 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
127,542 |
|
|
23,180 |
|
|
(21) |
|
|
23,159 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2021 |
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
Net income (loss) |
|
Other
comprehensive
income |
|
Comprehensive
income |
| Associate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Ajay North America |
|
|
47,375 |
|
|
5,718 |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,718 |
|
| Ajay Europe SARL |
|
|
48,409 |
|
|
3,705 |
|
|
(34) |
|
|
3,671 |
|
| Total |
|
|
95,784 |
|
|
9,423 |
|
|
(34) |
|
|
9,389 |
|
7.3 Disclosures regarding interests in associates
(a)Transactions for the year ended December 31, 2023:
•During the second quarter of 2023, the Company received dividends from Abu Dhabi Fertilizer Industries WWL totaling ThUS$ 633, which were presented under "Other gains (losses).
•During the third quarter of 2023, the Company invested ThUS$20,383 to acquire a 20% interest in Adionics Société par actions simplifiée.
•During the third quarter of 2023, the Company invested ThUS$7,620 to acquire a 3% interest in Altilium Metals Ltd., and ThUS$3,000 to acquire a 6.82% interest in Electric Era Technologies Inc. The Company has the right to appoint a director, specific rights over share transfers, and first refusal rights in future capital increases.
(b)Transactions for the year ended December 31, 2022:
•During February 2022, the Company received dividends of ThUS$ 3,000 from Abu Dhabi Fertilizer Industries WWL which triggered a income of ThUS$ 523 recorded in the line item other (losses), corresponding to the excess over the account receivable recognized in December 2021.
(c)Transactions for the year ended December 31, 2021:
•During the first quarter 2021, Kore Potash PLC made a share payment to its non-executive board members (remuneration shares) plus certain employees and former employees (performance shares) which resulted in 0.05% share reduction for the company, leaving it with 20.15%. During the second quarter of 2021, Kore Potash PLC approved a capital stock increase of ThUS$ 13,931 through the issuance of common shares, which resulted in a dilution of 5.5% of SQM shares in the company, with an impact of ThUS$ (5,778) on other gains (losses). As a result of the dilution, the Company considered that there has been a loss of significant influence on the investment, discontinued its measurement through the equity method, and recognized an amount of ThUS$ 3,739 under other gains (losses) related to items recognized in other comprehensive income associated with this investment. See Note 12.1 for more details.
•As of December 31, 2021, the Company received dividends from Abu Dhabi Fertilizer Industries WWL of ThUS$ 9,438 and recognized an account receivable for ThUS$ 2,477 in dividends receivable.
•On June 30, 2021, the Company made an assessment of the recovery of the investment in Abu Dhabi Fertilizer Industries WWL and recognized an impairment of ThUS$ 2,800 in other gains (losses). This impairment was reversed in the second half of the year as the recoverable value amount of the investment later increased.
Note 8 Joint Ventures
8.1 Investment in joint ventures accounted for under the equity method of accounting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-accounted investees |
|
Share in income (loss) of joint ventures
accounted for using the equity method |
| Joint Venture |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2023 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2022 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Vitas Fzco. |
|
19,490 |
|
|
20,793 |
|
|
|
(6,564) |
|
|
8,208 |
|
|
6,304 |
|
| Pavoni & C. Spa |
|
7,870 |
|
|
7,315 |
|
|
|
396 |
|
|
470 |
|
|
174 |
|
| Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Pirra Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
3,544 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Total |
|
30,904 |
|
|
28,108 |
|
|
|
(6,061) |
|
|
8,678 |
|
|
6,478 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share on other comprehensive income joint ventures
accounted for using the equity method |
|
Share on total comprehensive income of joint ventures
accounted for using the equity method |
| Joint Venture |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2023 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2022 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2021 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2023 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2022 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Vitas Fzco. |
|
2,450 |
|
|
674 |
|
|
429 |
|
|
(4,114) |
|
|
8,882 |
|
|
6,733 |
|
| Pavoni & C. Spa |
|
139 |
|
|
(210) |
|
|
(317) |
|
|
535 |
|
|
260 |
|
|
(143) |
|
| Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd. (*) |
|
1,583 |
|
|
90 |
|
|
37 |
|
|
1,690 |
|
|
90 |
|
|
37 |
|
| Pirra Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Total |
|
4,172 |
|
|
554 |
|
|
149 |
|
|
(1,889) |
|
|
9,232 |
|
|
6,627 |
|
________________________________________________
(*)Equity method investments with a negative value are presented under "Other non-current provisions" and total ThUS$ 766.
The following companies were included in the consolidation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-accounted investees |
|
Share in income (loss) of joint ventures
accounted for using the equity method |
| Joint Venture |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2023 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2022 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria (**) |
|
— |
|
|
14,667 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
5,834 |
|
|
4,582 |
|
| SQM Vitas Perú S.A.C. (1) |
|
2,488 |
|
|
1,340 |
|
|
|
(2,302) |
|
|
2,293 |
|
|
1,645 |
|
| Total |
|
2,488 |
|
|
16,007 |
|
|
|
(2,302) |
|
|
8,127 |
|
|
6,227 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share on other comprehensive income of
joint ventures accounted for using
the equity method |
|
Share on total comprehensive income of
joint ventures accounted for using
the equity method |
| Joint Venture |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2023 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2022 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2021 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2023 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2022 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria (**) |
|
— |
|
|
551 |
|
|
(429) |
|
|
— |
|
|
6,385 |
|
|
4,153 |
|
| SQM Vitas Perú S.A.C. (1) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,302) |
|
|
2,293 |
|
|
1,645 |
|
| Total |
|
— |
|
|
551 |
|
|
(429) |
|
|
(2,302) |
|
|
8,678 |
|
|
5,798 |
|
(**) As of December 31, 2023, the investment in SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria was sold.
1.These companies are subsidiaries of:
SQM Vitas Fzco
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends received for the year ending |
| Joint venture |
|
Description of the nature
of the relationship |
|
Domicile |
|
Country of
incorporation |
|
Share of
ownership in
associates |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Vitas Fzco. |
|
Production and commercialization of specialty plant, animal nutrition and industrial hygiene. |
|
Jebel ALI Free Zone P.O. Box 18222, Dubai |
|
United Arab Emirates |
|
50 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Pavoni & C. Spa |
|
Production of specialty fertilizers and others for distribution in Italy and other countries. |
|
Corso Italia 172, 95129 Catania -CT, Sicilia |
|
Italy |
|
50 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
Development and operation of the Mt. Holland Lithium project, which will include the construction of a lithium extraction and refining mine. |
|
L18, 109 St Georges Tce Perth WA 6000 |PO Box Z5200 St Georges Tce Perth WA 6831 |
|
Australia |
|
50 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria (1) |
|
Production and trading of specialty vegetable and animal nutrition and industrial hygiene. |
|
Via Cndeias, Km. 01 Sem Numero, Lote 4, Bairro Cia Norte, Candeias, Bahia. |
|
Brazil |
|
49.99 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Vitas Perú S.A.C. (1) |
|
Production and trading of specialty vegetable and animal nutrition and industrial hygiene |
|
Av. Juan de Arona 187, Torre B, Oficina 301-II, San Isidro, Lima |
|
Peru |
|
50 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Pirra Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
Exploration and development of lithium assets.. |
|
Suite 12, 11 Ventnor Avenue, West Perth, WA 6605. |
|
Australia |
|
37.5 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
8.2 Assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses from joint ventures
The information disclosed reflects the amounts presented in the financial statements of the relevant joint ventures and not the Company's share of those amounts.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
For the year ended December 31, 2023 |
|
|
Assets |
|
Liabilities |
|
Revenue |
|
Net income (loss) |
|
Other
comprehensive
income |
|
Comprehensive
income |
| Joint Venture |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Vitas Fzco. (*) |
|
34,056 |
|
|
— |
|
|
52 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
359 |
|
|
— |
|
|
359 |
|
| SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria (*) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Vitas Perú S.A.C. (*) |
|
40,327 |
|
|
8,954 |
|
|
36,898 |
|
|
220 |
|
|
53,477 |
|
|
(4,603) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(4,603) |
|
| Pavoni & C. Spa (*) |
|
11,879 |
|
|
6,407 |
|
|
8,146 |
|
|
814 |
|
|
21,439 |
|
|
792 |
|
|
115 |
|
|
907 |
|
| Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
6,980 |
|
|
2,602 |
|
|
7,106 |
|
|
4,009 |
|
|
— |
|
|
215 |
|
|
— |
|
|
215 |
|
| Pirra Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Total |
|
93,242 |
|
|
17,963 |
|
|
52,202 |
|
|
5,043 |
|
|
74,916 |
|
|
(3,237) |
|
|
115 |
|
|
(3,122) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
|
For the year ended December 31, 2022 |
|
|
Assets |
|
Liabilities |
|
|
|
Net income (loss) |
|
Other
comprehensive
income |
|
Comprehensive
income |
| Joint Venture |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Vitas Fzco. (*) |
|
9,618 |
|
|
— |
|
|
49 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
165 |
|
|
— |
|
|
165 |
|
| SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria (*) |
|
73,045 |
|
|
6,111 |
|
|
45,894 |
|
|
— |
|
|
162,026 |
|
|
11,670 |
|
|
602 |
|
|
12,272 |
|
| SQM Vitas Perú S.A.C. (*) |
|
59,196 |
|
|
7,285 |
|
|
49,596 |
|
|
117 |
|
|
61,387 |
|
|
4,586 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,586 |
|
| Pavoni & C. Spa (*) |
|
11,516 |
|
|
6,358 |
|
|
8,853 |
|
|
802 |
|
|
18,066 |
|
|
939 |
|
|
(344) |
|
|
595 |
|
| Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
2,077 |
|
|
3,088 |
|
|
7,062 |
|
|
3,017 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,648) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,648) |
|
| Total |
|
155,452 |
|
|
22,842 |
|
|
111,454 |
|
|
3,936 |
|
|
241,479 |
|
|
14,712 |
|
|
258 |
|
|
14,970 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2021 |
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
Net income (loss) |
|
Other
comprehensive
income |
|
Comprehensive
income |
| Joint Venture |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Vitas Fzco. (*) |
|
|
— |
|
|
159 |
|
|
— |
|
|
159 |
|
| SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria (*) |
|
|
103,335 |
|
|
9,165 |
|
|
(858) |
|
|
8,307 |
|
| SQM Vitas Perú S.A.C. (*) |
|
|
48,128 |
|
|
3,289 |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,289 |
|
| Pavoni & C. Spa (*) |
|
|
19,599 |
|
|
347 |
|
|
(634) |
|
|
(287) |
|
| Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
|
— |
|
|
(864) |
|
|
74 |
|
|
(790) |
|
| Total |
|
|
171,062 |
|
|
12,096 |
|
|
(1,418) |
|
|
10,678 |
|
(*) The financial figures figures exclude consolidation adjustments (unrealized gains and losses)
8.3 Other joint venture disclosures
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
Other current financial liabilities |
|
Other non-current financial liabilities |
| Joint Venture |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Vitas Fzco. |
|
28,012 |
|
|
3,866 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria |
|
— |
|
|
3,820 |
|
|
— |
|
|
9,753 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Vitas Perú S.A.C. |
|
2,318 |
|
|
2,208 |
|
|
— |
|
|
82 |
|
|
— |
|
|
117 |
|
| Pavoni & C. Spa |
|
838 |
|
|
1,088 |
|
|
2,043 |
|
|
4,951 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
1,865 |
|
|
1,931 |
|
|
— |
|
|
494 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Total |
|
33,033 |
|
|
12,913 |
|
|
2,043 |
|
|
15,280 |
|
|
— |
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization expense
for the year ending |
|
Interest expense
for the year ending |
|
Income tax benefit (expense)
for the year ending |
| Joint Venture |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Vitas Fzco. |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1) |
|
|
(1) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria |
|
— |
|
|
(331) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(333) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,164) |
|
| SQM Vitas Perú S.A.C. |
|
(513) |
|
|
(360) |
|
|
(220) |
|
|
(298) |
|
|
2,013 |
|
|
(2,370) |
|
| Pavoni & C. Spa |
|
(213) |
|
|
(183) |
|
|
(418) |
|
|
(347) |
|
|
(392) |
|
|
(459) |
|
| Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
(691) |
|
|
(176) |
|
|
(16) |
|
|
(40) |
|
|
(107) |
|
|
1,094 |
|
| Total |
|
(1,417) |
|
|
(1,050) |
|
|
(655) |
|
|
(1,019) |
|
|
1,514 |
|
|
(4,899) |
|
8.4 Disclosure of interests in joint ventures
a)Transactions in the year 2023
•On December 19, 2023, the joint venture SQM Vitas Fzco sold its 100% interest in SQM Vitas Brasil, generating an effect on the consolidated financial statements of a loss of ThUS$2.6 million. Prior to the sale of Vitas Brasil, Vitas Brasil distributed dividends to SQM Vitas Fzco for ThUS$14,282. Subsequently, in 2024 SQM Vitas Fzco distributed and paid dividends to the Company in the amount of ThUS$12,500.
•During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company made an investment of ThUS$3,544 in Pirra Lithium Pty Ltd with an equity interest of 37.5%. The Company has the right to nominate a director and anti-dilution rights in terms of its shareholding. In addition, it has the right to nominate a member of the technical committee in charge of exploration plans and budgets.
•On December 19, 2023, the SQM Vitas Fzco joint venture made an agreement with the Company to purchase 50% of the SQM Vitas Peru joint venture, which will be completed during the second quarter of 2024 for approximately US$5 million subject to compliance with certain regulatory requirements.
b)Transactions in the year 2022
•As of December 31, 2022, there are no transactions to disclose.
c)Transactions in the year 2021
•On February 9, 2021, two of the Company’s subsidiaries signed an agreement to terminate a dispute related to sales contracts and interest in the joint venture of Sichuan SQM Migao Chemical Fertilizers Co Ltd. Consequently, the Company received a ThUS$ 11.5 million compensation.
8.5 Joint Operations
In 2017, together with our subsidiary SQM Australia Pty, we entered into an agreement to acquire 50% of the assets of the Mt Holland lithium project in Western Australia. The Mt Holland lithium project is to design, construct and operate a mine, concentrator and refinery to produce lithium hydroxide.
On February 17, 2021, the Board of Directors approved the investment in the Mount Holland lithium project in Western Australia. SQM's share of the project investment is expected to be approximately US$700 million, between 2021 and 2025. The feasibility study confirms an expected initial production capacity of 50,000 metric tons of lithium hydroxide during the second half of 2024.
As of December 31, 2023, a total of US$720.6 million has been contributed to Mt. Holland. Lithium project The revised investment budget for this project considers a pending investment balance of US$124 million.
Note 9 Cash and cash equivalents
9.1 Types of cash and cash equivalents
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, cash and cash equivalents are detailed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Cash on hand |
|
33 |
|
|
43 |
|
| Cash in banks |
|
676,282 |
|
|
529,606 |
|
| Other demand deposits |
|
709 |
|
|
— |
|
| Total Cash |
|
677,024 |
|
|
529,649 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash equivalents |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Short-term deposits, classified as cash equivalents |
|
23,545 |
|
|
1,099,441 |
|
| Short-term investments, classified as cash equivalents |
|
340,800 |
|
|
1,026,146 |
|
| Total cash equivalents |
|
364,345 |
|
|
2,125,587 |
|
| Total cash and cash equivalents |
|
1,041,369 |
|
|
2,655,236 |
|
9.2 Short-term investments, classified as cash equivalents
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the short-term investments classified as cash equivalents relate to mutual funds (investment liquidity funds) for investments in:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Institution |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Legg Mason - Western Asset Institutional Cash Reserves |
|
312,924 |
|
|
590,661 |
|
| JP Morgan US dollar Liquidity Fund Institutional |
|
22,845 |
|
|
435,485 |
|
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
5,031 |
|
|
— |
|
| Total |
|
340,800 |
|
|
1,026,146 |
|
Short-term investments are highly liquid mutual funds that are basically invested in short-term fixed rate notes in the U.S. and in Chile market.
9.3 Amount restricted cash balances
The Company has granted a guarantee consisting of financial instruments, specified in deposits, custody and administration to Banco de Chile, for its subsidiary Isapre Norte Grande Ltda., in compliance with the provisions of the Superintendence of Health, which regulates social security health institutions.
According to the regulations of the Superintendence of Health, this guarantee is for the total payable to its affiliates and medical providers. Banco de Chile reports the current value of the guarantee to the Superintendence of Health and Isapre Norte Grande Ltda. on a daily basis.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, pledged assets are as follows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Restricted cash balances |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Isapre Norte Grande Ltda. |
|
950 |
|
|
717 |
|
| Total |
|
950 |
|
|
717 |
|
9.4 Short-term deposits, classified as cash equivalents
The detail at the end of each balance date is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Receiver of the deposit |
|
Type of deposit |
|
Original
Currency |
|
Interest Rate |
|
Placement date |
|
Expiration date |
|
Principal |
|
Interest
accrued to-date |
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Banco Santander |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.39 |
% |
|
12-11-2023 |
|
01-05-2024 |
|
5,000 |
|
|
16 |
|
|
5,016 |
|
| Banco Santander |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.28 |
% |
|
12-21-2023 |
|
01-08-2024 |
|
1,300 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
1,302 |
|
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.80 |
% |
|
12-28-2023 |
|
02-16-2024 |
|
1,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,000 |
|
| Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.27 |
% |
|
12-18-2023 |
|
01-05-2024 |
|
3,000 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
3,006 |
|
| Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.54 |
% |
|
12-04-2023 |
|
01-08-2024 |
|
2,000 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
2,008 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.45 |
% |
|
12-18-2023 |
|
01-16-2024 |
|
2,700 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
2,705 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.23 |
% |
|
12-20-2023 |
|
01-04-2024 |
|
2,200 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
2,204 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.16 |
% |
|
12-29-2023 |
|
01-05-2024 |
|
1,140 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
1,141 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.78 |
% |
|
12-13-2023 |
|
01-31-2024 |
|
700 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
702 |
|
| Banco de Chile |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.70 |
% |
|
12-27-2023 |
|
02-09-2024 |
|
1,850 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
1,851 |
|
| Banco de Chile |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
1.02 |
% |
|
12-04-2023 |
|
02-05-2024 |
|
1,300 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
1,306 |
|
| Banco de Chile |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.77 |
% |
|
12-14-2023 |
|
01-31-2024 |
|
1,300 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
1,304 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,490 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
23,545 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Receiver of the deposit |
|
Type of deposit |
|
Original
Currency |
|
Interest Rate |
|
Placement date |
|
Expiration date |
|
Principal |
|
Interest
accrued to-date |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.95 |
% |
|
11-17-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
42,998 |
|
|
609 |
|
|
43,607 |
|
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.94 |
% |
|
12-15-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
100,817 |
|
|
537 |
|
|
101,354 |
|
| Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.96 |
% |
|
12-06-2022 |
|
01-05-2023 |
|
41,421 |
|
|
343 |
|
|
41,764 |
|
| Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.96 |
% |
|
12-12-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
100,660 |
|
|
644 |
|
|
101,304 |
|
| Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.95 |
% |
|
11-17-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
32,248 |
|
|
458 |
|
|
32,706 |
|
| Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.95 |
% |
|
11-16-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
73,831 |
|
|
1,070 |
|
|
74,901 |
|
| Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.96 |
% |
|
12-13-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
30,146 |
|
|
183 |
|
|
30,329 |
|
| Santander |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.95 |
% |
|
12-16-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
103,288 |
|
|
523 |
|
|
103,811 |
|
| Santander |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.94 |
% |
|
12-06-2022 |
|
01-05-2023 |
|
20,710 |
|
|
168 |
|
|
20,878 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.96 |
% |
|
12-12-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
50,330 |
|
|
322 |
|
|
50,652 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.98 |
% |
|
12-13-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
100,487 |
|
|
621 |
|
|
101,108 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.96 |
% |
|
12-13-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
70,341 |
|
|
428 |
|
|
70,769 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.97 |
% |
|
12-14-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
100,258 |
|
|
584 |
|
|
100,842 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
4.54 |
% |
|
11-21-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
82,000 |
|
|
424 |
|
|
82,424 |
|
| Sumitomo Mitsui Banking |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
4.54% |
|
11-21-2022 |
|
01-25-2023 |
|
122,000 |
|
|
631 |
|
|
122,631 |
|
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.42% |
|
12-06-2022 |
|
01-06-2023 |
|
2,000 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
2,007 |
|
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.44% |
|
12-01-2022 |
|
01-03-2023 |
|
1,500 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
1,506 |
|
| Banco Crédito e Inversiones |
|
Fixed term |
|
Peso |
|
0.22% |
|
12-30-2022 |
|
01-06-2023 |
|
2,103 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
2,104 |
|
| Banco de Chile |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.95% |
|
12-12-2022 |
|
02-14-2023 |
|
600 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
602 |
|
| Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
1.02% |
|
12-13-2022 |
|
02-16-2023 |
|
500 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
502 |
|
| Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.46% |
|
11-30-2022 |
|
01-03-2023 |
|
1,000 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
1,004 |
|
| Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.42% |
|
12-06-2022 |
|
01-06-2023 |
|
700 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
702 |
|
| Itaú Corpbanca |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
1.07% |
|
12-21-2022 |
|
02-27-2023 |
|
1,700 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
1,703 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.66% |
|
12-07-2022 |
|
01-27-2023 |
|
1,000 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
1,003 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.64% |
|
11-16-2022 |
|
01-03-2023 |
|
2,500 |
|
|
15 |
|
|
2,515 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.72% |
|
12-28-2022 |
|
02-13-2023 |
|
2,200 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
2,201 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.96% |
|
12-30-2022 |
|
03-03-2023 |
|
500 |
|
|
— |
|
|
500 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.58% |
|
11-22-2022 |
|
01-03-2023 |
|
1,500 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
1,508 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.38% |
|
12-16-2022 |
|
01-13-2023 |
|
1,500 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
1,503 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
Fixed term |
|
Dollar |
|
0.87% |
|
12-22-2022 |
|
02-16-2023 |
|
1,000 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
1,001 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,091,838 |
|
|
7,603 |
|
|
1,099,441 |
|
Note 10 Inventories
The composition of inventory at each period-end is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Type of inventory |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Raw material |
|
61,098 |
|
|
27,035 |
|
| Production supplies |
|
77,810 |
|
|
68,426 |
|
| Products-in-progress |
|
744,217 |
|
|
590,946 |
|
| Finished product |
|
891,469 |
|
|
1,097,874 |
|
| Total |
|
1,774,594 |
|
|
1,784,281 |
|
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company held caliche stockpiles, solutions in solar ponds and intermediary salts amounting ThUS$ 503,318 and as of December 31, 2022 was ThUS$ 513,209 (including products in progress). As of December 31, 2023, bulk inventories recognized within work in progress were ThUS$ 221,559, while as of December 31, 2022 this value amounted to ThUS$ 122,284.
As of December 31, 2023, bulk inventories recognized within finished goods were ThUS$ 164,029 (as of December 31, 2022, this value amounted to ThUS$ 198,796).
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, recognized inventory allowances, amounted to ThUS$ 133,768 and ThUS$ 104,057, respectively. For finished and in-process products, recognized allowances include the provision associated with the lower value of stock (considers lower realizable value, uncertain future use, reprocessing costs of off-specification products, etc.), provision for inventory differences and the provision for potential errors in the determination of inventories (e.g., errors in topography, grade, moisture, etc.). (See Note 3.15).
For raw materials, supplies, materials and parts, the lower value provision was associated to the proportion of defective materials and potential differences.
The breakdown of inventory allowances is detailed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Type of inventory |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Raw material and supplies for production |
|
7,724 |
|
|
4,186 |
|
| Products-in-progress |
|
104,970 |
|
|
83,499 |
|
| Finished product |
|
21,074 |
|
|
16,372 |
|
| Total |
|
133,768 |
|
|
104,057 |
|
The Company has not pledged inventory as collateral for the periods indicated above.
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, movements in provisions are detailed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Reconciliation |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Beginning balance |
|
104,057 |
|
|
75,892 |
|
|
80,930 |
|
| Increase in Lower Value |
|
32,926 |
|
|
29,693 |
|
|
(3,650) |
|
| Additional Provision Differences of Inventory |
|
455 |
|
|
(161) |
|
|
330 |
|
| Increase / Decrease eventual differences and others |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Provision Used |
|
(3,670) |
|
|
(1,367) |
|
|
(1,718) |
|
| Total changes |
|
29,711 |
|
|
28,165 |
|
|
(5,038) |
|
| Final balance |
|
133,768 |
|
|
104,057 |
|
|
75,892 |
|
For further details, see accounting policy for inventory measurement in Note 3.15
Note 11 Related party disclosures
11.1 Related party disclosures
Balances pending at period-end are not guaranteed, accrue no interest and are settled in cash, no guarantees have been delivered or received for trade and other receivables due from related parties or trade and other payables due to related parties.
11.2 Relationships between the parent and the entity
Pursuant to Article 99 of Law of the Securities Market Law, the CMF may determine that a company does not have a controlling entity in accordance with the distribution and dispersion of its ownership. On November 30, 2018, the CMF issued the ordinary letter No. 32,131 whereby it determined that Pampa Group, do not exert decisive power over the management of the Company since it does not have a predominance in the ownership that allows it to make management decisions. Therefore, the CMF has determined not to consider Pampa Group as the controlling entity of the Company and that the Company does not have a controlling entity given its current ownership structure.
11.3 Detailed identification of related parties and subsidiaries
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the detail of entities that are identified as subsidiaries or related parties of the SQM Group is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No |
|
Name |
|
Country of origin |
|
Functional currency |
|
Nature |
| Foreign |
|
Nitratos Naturais Do Chile Ltda. |
|
Brazil |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM North America Corp. |
|
United States |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Europe N.V. (4) |
|
Belgium |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
Soquimich European Holding B.V. |
|
Netherlands |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Corporation N.V. |
|
Curacao |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Comercial De México S.A. de C.V. |
|
Mexico |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
North American Trading Company |
|
United States |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
Administración y Servicios Santiago S.A. de C.V. |
|
Mexico |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Perú S.A. (2) |
|
Peru |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Ecuador S.A. |
|
Ecuador |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Nitratos Mexico S.A. de C.V. |
|
Mexico |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQMC Holding Corporation L.L.P. |
|
United States |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Investment Corporation N.V. |
|
Curacao |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Brasil Limitada |
|
Brazil |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM France S.A. |
|
France |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Japan Co. Ltd. |
|
Japan |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
Royal Seed Trading Corporation A.V.V. |
|
Aruba |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Oceania Pty Limited |
|
Australia |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
Rs Agro-Chemical Trading Corporation A.V.V. |
|
Aruba |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Indonesia S.A. |
|
Indonesia |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Virginia L.L.C. |
|
United States |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
Comercial Caimán Internacional S.A. (3) |
|
Panama |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM África Pty. Ltd. |
|
South Africa |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Colombia SAS |
|
Colombia |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Internacional N.V. |
|
Belgium |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM -Shanghai Chemicals Co. Ltd. |
|
China |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Lithium Specialties LLC |
|
United States |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Iberian S.A. |
|
Spain |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Beijing Commercial Co. Ltd. |
|
China |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Thailand Limited |
|
Thailand |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Australia PTY |
|
Australia |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No |
|
Name |
|
Country of origin |
|
Functional currency |
|
Nature |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Holland B.V. |
|
Netherlands |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Korea LLC |
|
Korea |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 96.801.610-5 |
|
Comercial Hydro S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 96.651.060-9 |
|
SQM Potasio S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 96.592.190-7 |
|
SQM Nitratos S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 96.592.180-K |
|
Ajay SQM Chile S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 79.947.100-0 |
|
SQM Industrial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 79.906.120-1 |
|
Isapre Norte Grande Ltda. |
|
Chile |
|
Peso |
|
Subsidiary |
| 79.876.080-7 |
|
Almacenes y Depósitos Ltda. |
|
Chile |
|
Peso |
|
Subsidiary |
| 79.770.780-5 |
|
Servicios Integrales de Tránsitos y Transferencias S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 79.768.170-9 |
|
Soquimich Comercial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 76.534.490-5 |
|
Sociedad Prestadora de Servicios de Salud Cruz del Norte S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Peso |
|
Subsidiary |
| 76.425.380-9 |
|
Exploraciones Mineras S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 76.064.419-6 |
|
Comercial Agrorama Ltda. |
|
Chile |
|
Peso |
|
Subsidiary |
| 76.145.229-0 |
|
Agrorama S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Peso |
|
Subsidiary |
| 76.359.919-1 |
|
Orcoma Estudios SPA |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 76.360.575-2 |
|
Orcoma SPA |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 76.686.311-9 |
|
SQM MaG SpA |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| 77.114.779-8 |
|
Sociedad Contractual Minera Bufalo |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Subsidiary |
| Foreign |
|
Ajay North America |
|
United States |
|
Dollar |
|
Associate |
| Foreign |
|
Abu Dhabi Fertilizer Industries WWL |
|
United Arab Emirates |
|
Arab Emirates dirham |
|
Associate |
| Foreign |
|
Ajay Europe SARL |
|
France |
|
Euro |
|
Associate |
| Foreign |
|
Electronic era Technologies Inc. |
|
United States |
|
Dollar |
|
Associate |
| Foreign |
|
Altilium Metals Ltd. |
|
United Kingdom |
|
Pound Sterling |
|
Associate |
| Foreign |
|
SAS Adionics |
|
France |
|
Euro |
|
Associate |
| Foreign |
|
Pirra Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
Australia |
|
Australian Dollar |
|
Associate |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Vitas Fzco. |
|
United Arab Emirates |
|
Arab Emirates dirham |
|
Joint venture |
| Foreign |
|
Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
Australia |
|
Dollar |
|
Joint venture |
| Foreign |
|
Pavoni & C, SPA |
|
Italy |
|
Euro |
|
Joint venture |
| 96.511.530-7 |
|
Sociedad de Inversiones Pampa Calichera |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Other related parties |
| 96.529.340-K |
|
Norte Grande S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Peso |
|
Other related parties |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria (6) |
|
Brazil |
|
Brazilian real |
|
Other related parties |
| Foreign |
|
SQM Vitas Perú S.A.C. (1) |
|
Peru |
|
Dollar |
|
Other related parties |
_______________________________________________
(1)These Companies are subsidiaries of the joint venture SQM Vitas Fzco.
(2)This Company was liquidated in December 2022.
(3)This Company was liquidated in March 2023.
(4)On July 1, 2023, SQM Europe N.V. absorbed SQM International N.V.
(5)This new company was incorporated on December 11, 2023.
(6)This company was sold on December 19, 2023.
The following other related parties correspond to mining contractual corporations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No. |
|
Name |
|
Country of origin |
|
Functional currency |
|
Relationship |
| N/A |
|
Sociedad Contractual Minera Pampa Unión |
|
Chile |
|
Peso |
|
Other related parties |
Below is a list of transactions with clients and suppliers with whom a relationship with key Company personnel was identified:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No |
|
Name |
|
Country of origin |
|
Nature |
| 90.193.000-7 |
|
El Mercurio S.A.P. |
|
Chile |
|
Other related parties |
| 92.580.000-7 |
|
Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Other related parties |
| 96.806.980-2 |
|
Entel PCS Telecomunicaciones S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Other related parties |
| 97.004.000-5 |
|
Banco de Chile |
|
Chile |
|
Other related parties |
| 99.012.000-5 |
|
Compañía de Seguros de Vida Consorcio Nacional |
|
Chile |
|
Other related parties |
| 65.614.340-1 |
|
Corporación Endeavor Chile |
|
Chile |
|
Other related parties |
| 82.135.600-8 |
|
Instituto Chileno administración empresas |
|
Chile |
|
Other related parties |
| 96.532.830-0 |
|
Sociedad Inversiones Oro Blanco S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Other related parties |
11.4 Detail of related parties and related party transactions
Transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, associated businesses, joint ventures and other related parties are part of the Company’s common transactions. Their conditions are those customary for this type of transactions in respect of terms and market prices. Maturity terms for each case vary by virtue of the transaction giving rise to them.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the detail of significant transactions with related parties is as follows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No |
|
Name |
|
Nature |
|
Country of origin |
|
Transaction |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2023 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2022 |
|
For the year ended
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Foreign |
|
Ajay Europe S.A.R.L. |
|
Associate |
|
France |
|
Sale of products |
|
45,314 |
|
|
45,205 |
|
|
35,597 |
|
| Foreign |
|
Ajay Europe S.A.R.L. |
|
Associate |
|
France |
|
Dividends |
|
4,682 |
|
|
1,778 |
|
|
992 |
|
| Foreign |
|
Ajay North America LL.C. |
|
Associate |
|
United States |
|
Sale of products |
|
30,791 |
|
|
41,814 |
|
|
27,763 |
|
| Foreign |
|
Ajay North America LL.C. |
|
Associate |
|
United States |
|
Dividends |
|
4,013 |
|
|
1,576 |
|
|
1,233 |
|
| Foreign |
|
Abu Dhabi Fertilizer Industries WWL |
|
Associate |
|
United Arab Emirates |
|
Dividends |
|
633 |
|
|
3,000 |
|
|
9,438 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria |
|
Other related parties |
|
Brazil |
|
Sale of products |
|
9,019 |
|
|
51,748 |
|
|
79,086 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Vitas Perú S.A.C. |
|
Other related parties |
|
Perú |
|
Sale of products |
|
17,312 |
|
|
58,077 |
|
|
17,016 |
|
| Foreign |
|
Coromandel SQM India |
|
Joint venture |
|
India |
|
Sale of products |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,814 |
|
| Foreign |
|
Pavoni & CPA |
|
Joint venture |
|
Italy |
|
Sale of products |
|
5,541 |
|
|
4,138 |
|
|
5,359 |
|
| Chile |
|
Banco de Chile |
|
Other related parties |
|
Chile |
|
Service Provider |
|
(32,418) |
|
|
(27,918) |
|
|
(20,904) |
|
| Chile |
|
El Mercurio S.A.P. |
|
Other related parties |
|
Chile |
|
Service Provider |
|
(1,038) |
|
|
(90) |
|
|
(131) |
|
| Chile |
|
Compañía de Seguros de Vida Consorcio Nacional |
|
Other related parties |
|
Chile |
|
Service Provider |
|
(33) |
|
|
(31) |
|
|
(134) |
|
| Chile |
|
Entel PCS Telecomunicaciones S.A. |
|
Other related parties |
|
Chile |
|
Service Provider |
|
(182) |
|
|
(228) |
|
|
(157) |
|
| Chile |
|
Gonzalo Guerrero Yamamoto |
|
Other related parties |
|
Chile |
|
Service Provider |
|
— |
|
|
(19) |
|
|
(79) |
|
| Chile |
|
Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones |
|
Other related parties |
|
Chile |
|
Service Provider |
|
(3,485) |
|
|
(1,746) |
|
|
(2,393) |
|
| Chile |
|
Instituto Chileno administración empresas |
|
Other related parties |
|
Chile |
|
Service Provider |
|
(134) |
|
|
(46) |
|
|
— |
|
| Chile |
|
Fundación para el desarrollo social |
|
Other related parties |
|
Chile |
|
Service Provider |
|
— |
|
|
(7) |
|
|
— |
|
| Chile |
|
Corporación Endeavor Chile |
|
Other related parties |
|
Chile |
|
Service Provider |
|
(101) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
11.5 Trade receivables due from related parties, current:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No |
|
Name |
|
Nature |
|
Country of origin |
|
Currency |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Foreign |
|
Ajay Europe S.A. R.L. |
|
Associate |
|
France |
|
Euro |
|
8,932 |
|
|
7,967 |
|
| Foreign |
|
Ajay North America LLC. |
|
Associate |
|
United States of America |
|
Dollar |
|
4,393 |
|
|
8,354 |
|
| 96.511.530-7 |
|
Soc. de Inversiones Pampa Calichera |
|
Other related parties |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
5 |
|
|
5 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Vitas Brasil Agroindustria |
|
Other related parties |
|
Brazil |
|
Dollar |
|
— |
|
|
32,054 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Vitas Perú S.A.C. |
|
Other related parties |
|
Peru |
|
Dollar |
|
27,115 |
|
|
31,081 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Vitas Fzco. |
|
Joint venture |
|
United Arab Emirates |
|
United Arab Emirates Dirham |
|
232 |
|
|
232 |
|
| Foreign |
|
Pavoni & C SpA |
|
Joint venture |
|
Italy |
|
Euro |
|
2,576 |
|
|
888 |
|
| Foreign |
|
Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
Joint venture |
|
Australia |
|
Australian dollar |
|
— |
|
|
1,041 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43,253 |
|
|
81,622 |
|
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, receivables are net of provision for ThUS$ 800 and ThUS$ 1,378, respectively.
11.6 Other disclosures:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No |
|
Name |
|
Nature |
|
Country of origin |
|
Currency |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Foreign |
|
Covalent Lithium Pty Ltd. |
|
Joint venture |
|
Australia |
|
Australian dollar |
|
2,346 |
|
|
— |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,346 |
|
|
— |
|
11.7 Other disclosures:
Note 6 describes the remuneration of the board of directors, administration and key management personnel.
Note 12 Financial instruments
12.1 Types of other current and non-current financial assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Description of other financial assets |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Financial assets at amortized cost (1) |
|
1,316,797 |
|
|
950,167 |
|
| Derivative financial instruments |
|
|
|
|
-For hedging |
|
8,527 |
|
|
7,014 |
|
-Non-hedging (2) |
|
519 |
|
|
4,174 |
|
| Total other current financial assets |
|
1,325,843 |
|
|
961,355 |
|
| Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (4) |
|
232,268 |
|
|
9,497 |
|
| Derivative financial instruments |
|
|
|
|
-For hedging |
|
15,993 |
|
|
22,606 |
|
| Other financial assets at amortized cost |
|
20 |
|
|
23 |
|
| Total other non-current financial assets |
|
248,281 |
|
|
32,126 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Institution |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Banco de Crédito e Inversiones |
|
74,459 |
|
|
187,707 |
|
| Banco Morgan Stanley (3) |
|
5,590 |
|
|
— |
|
| Banco Santander |
|
100,083 |
|
|
51,444 |
|
| Banco Itau CorpBanca |
|
372,061 |
|
|
15,048 |
|
| Banco Estado |
|
— |
|
|
85,055 |
|
| Banco de Chile |
|
— |
|
|
150,259 |
|
| Scotiabank Sud Americano |
|
672,720 |
|
|
250,362 |
|
| Sumitomo Mitsui Banking |
|
91,884 |
|
|
210,292 |
|
| Total |
|
1,316,797 |
|
|
950,167 |
|
________________________________________________
(1)Corresponds to term deposits whose maturity date is greater than 90 days and less than 360 days from the investment date constituted in the aforementioned financial institutions.
(2)Correspond to forwards and options that were not classified as hedging instruments (See detail in Note 12.3).
(3)As of December 31, 2023, collateral guarantees total ThUS$ 5,590, which are related to hedging derivative instruments.. As of December 31, 2022, there were no collateral guarantees.
(4)During the first quarter of 2023, the Company made an investment of ThUS$13,480 to acquire a 19.99% interest in Azure Minerals Limited (a company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange). The Company and Azure have entered into an acquisition agreement under which the Company has the right to choose a director and acquire 25% of all lithium products in which Azure has an interest on commercially competitive market terms. During the third and fourth quarter, the Company invested an additional ThUS$12,904 and ThUS$4,317, respectively, to maintain its ownership interest. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not exercise significant influence over this entity and therefore this investment has been recognized as a financial instrument at fair value with changes in other comprehensive income on an irrevocable basis. The impact on other comprehensive income amounts to ThUS$135,358, net of tax.
12.2 Trade and other receivables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Trade and other receivables |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Total |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Trade receivables, current |
|
784,422 |
|
|
— |
|
|
784,422 |
|
|
1,002,223 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,002,223 |
|
| Prepayments, current |
|
74,630 |
|
|
— |
|
|
74,630 |
|
|
38,709 |
|
|
— |
|
|
38,709 |
|
| Other receivables, current |
|
18,163 |
|
|
2,559 |
|
|
20,722 |
|
|
16,648 |
|
|
2,091 |
|
|
18,739 |
|
| Guarantee deposits (1) |
|
29,966 |
|
|
— |
|
|
29,966 |
|
|
29,840 |
|
|
— |
|
|
29,840 |
|
| Total trade and other receivables |
|
907,181 |
|
|
2,559 |
|
|
909,740 |
|
|
1,087,420 |
|
|
2,091 |
|
|
1,089,511 |
|
See discussion about credit risk in Note 4.2.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Trade and other receivables |
|
Gross
receivables |
|
Impairment
provision for
doubtful receivables |
|
Trade receivables,
net |
|
Gross
receivables |
|
Impairment
provision for
doubtful receivables |
|
Trade receivables,
net |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Receivables related to credit operations, current |
|
787,667 |
|
|
(3,245) |
|
|
784,422 |
|
|
1,006,982 |
|
|
(4,759) |
|
|
1,002,223 |
|
| Prepayments, current |
|
75,414 |
|
|
(784) |
|
|
74,630 |
|
|
39,493 |
|
|
(784) |
|
|
38,709 |
|
| Other receivables, current |
|
21,209 |
|
|
(3,046) |
|
|
18,163 |
|
|
19,920 |
|
|
(3,272) |
|
|
16,648 |
|
| Guarantee deposits (1) |
|
29,966 |
|
|
— |
|
|
29,966 |
|
|
29,840 |
|
|
— |
|
|
29,840 |
|
| Other receivables, non-current |
|
2,559 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,559 |
|
|
2,091 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,091 |
|
| Total trade and other receivables |
|
916,815 |
|
|
(7,075) |
|
|
909,740 |
|
|
1,098,326 |
|
|
(8,815) |
|
|
1,089,511 |
|
(1)During the third quarter of 2022, the Company signed an agreement for an option to potentially acquire a battery-grade lithium hydroxide monohydrate plant with a production capacity of approximately 20,000 tons per year from lithium sulfate salts. In addition, the transaction secures rights to adjacent land for future expansion.
The acquisition cost totals CNY 869 million (ThUS$ 119,575) broken down into a deposit of CNY 204.5 million (ThUS$ 29,322) paid in the first quarter of 2022, The disbursement of the remaining amounts is subject to compliance with various conditions. The Company´s payments would be backed by various guarantees granted by the seller and any failure to fulfil the conditions required by the contract would be considered a material breach of contract, giving the Company the right to demand the restitution of the amounts already paid.
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022 the renegotiated portfolio represented 0% of total trade receivables.
(a)Impairment provision for doubtful receivables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| As of December 31, 2023 |
|
|
Trade accounts receivable days past due |
|
|
|
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
Current |
|
1 to 30 days |
|
31 to 60 days |
|
61 to 90 days |
|
Over 90 days |
|
Trade |
|
Trade receivables
due from related
parties |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Expected Loss Rate on |
|
0% |
|
2 |
% |
|
7 |
% |
|
2 |
% |
|
39 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Total Gross Book Value |
|
758,781 |
|
|
18,732 |
|
|
2,684 |
|
|
3,509 |
|
|
3,961 |
|
|
787,667 |
|
|
44,053 |
|
| Impairment Estimate |
|
1,007 |
|
|
422 |
|
|
197 |
|
|
67 |
|
|
1,552 |
|
|
3,245 |
|
|
800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| As of December 31, 2022 |
|
|
Trade accounts receivable days past due |
|
|
|
Trade receivables
due from related
parties |
| Trade and other receivables |
|
Current |
|
1 to 30 days |
|
31 to 60 days |
|
61 to 90 days |
|
Over 90 days |
|
Trade |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Expected Loss Rate on |
|
0% |
|
1 |
% |
|
7 |
% |
|
6 |
% |
|
81 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Total Gross Book Value |
|
968,129 |
|
|
30,187 |
|
|
1,457 |
|
|
3,336 |
|
|
3,873 |
|
|
1,006,982 |
|
|
83,000 |
|
| Impairment Estimate |
|
948 |
|
|
391 |
|
|
108 |
|
|
186 |
|
|
3,126 |
|
|
4,759 |
|
|
1,378 |
|
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, movements in provisions are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Provisions |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
ThUS$ |
| Impairment provision of Accounts receivable at the beginning of the year |
|
10,193 |
|
|
14,716 |
|
27,273 |
|
| Increase (decrease) impairment of accounts receivable |
|
(202) |
|
|
(3,369) |
|
235 |
|
| Write-off of receivables |
|
(1,351) |
|
|
— |
|
(11,091) |
|
| Difference in exchange rate |
|
(765) |
|
|
(1,154) |
|
(1,701) |
|
| Impairment provision of Accounts Receivable Provision at the end of the year |
|
7,875 |
|
|
10,193 |
|
14,716 |
|
Trade and other Receivables Provision |
|
3,245 |
|
|
4,759 |
|
10,352 |
|
Current other Receivables Provision |
|
3,830 |
|
|
4,056 |
|
3,647 |
|
Trade receivables with related parties, current Provision |
|
800 |
|
|
1,378 |
|
717 |
|
| Recovery of Insurrance |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
210 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Impairment provision of Accounts Receivable |
|
7,875 |
|
|
10,193 |
|
14,716 |
|
12.3 Hedging assets and liabilities
The balance represents derivative financial instruments measured at fair value which have been classified as hedges for exchange and interest rate risks relating to the total obligations with the public associated with bonds in UF and investments in Chilean pesos. (See more detail in Note 4.2 b).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| As of December 31, 2023 |
|
Assets |
|
Liabilities |
|
Total Realized |
|
Hedging Reserve in
Gross Equity (1) |
| Type of Instrument: Cross currency interest rate swaps and Forwards |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash flow hedge derivatives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Short term |
|
7,038 |
|
|
30,442 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Long term |
|
15,993 |
|
|
8,368 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Subtotal |
|
23,031 |
|
|
38,810 |
|
|
(13,067) |
|
|
(2,712) |
|
| Type of Instrument: Forwards |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-hedging derivates disbursement SQM Australia Pty |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Short term |
|
1,489 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Long term |
|
— |
|
|
52 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,437 |
|
| Subtotal |
|
1,489 |
|
|
52 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,437 |
|
| Underlying Investments Hedge |
|
24,520 |
|
|
38,862 |
|
|
(13,067) |
|
|
(1,275) |
|
| Type of Instrument: Forwards/Options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-hedge derivates with effect on income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Short term |
|
519 |
|
|
14,795 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Underlying Investments Hedge |
|
519 |
|
|
14,795 |
|
|
5,401 |
|
|
— |
|
| Total Instruments |
|
25,039 |
|
|
53,657 |
|
|
(7,666) |
|
|
(1,275) |
|
The Company recouponed the CCS with Santander Bank who had hedged the Series Q bond, by moving the UF/USD exchange rate upwards. This change increased the USD value of the bond by ThUS$16,440 and its interest payable. Santander Bank paid the company ThUS$17,320 on August 18, 2023 in exchange for this amendment.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| As of December 31, 2022 |
|
Assets |
|
Liabilities |
|
Total Realized |
|
Hedging Reserve in
Gross Equity (1) |
| Type of Instrument: Cross currency interest rate swaps and Forwards |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash flow hedge derivatives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Short term |
|
7,014 |
|
|
42,754 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Long term |
|
15,467 |
|
|
19,772 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Subtotal |
|
22,481 |
|
|
62,526 |
|
|
(12,939) |
|
|
(27,106) |
|
| Type of Instrument: Forwards |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-hedging derivates disbursement SQM Australia Pty |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Long term |
|
7,139 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,139 |
|
| Subtotal |
|
7,139 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,139 |
|
| Underlying Investments Hedge |
|
29,620 |
|
|
62,526 |
|
|
(12,939) |
|
|
(19,967) |
|
| Type of Instrument: Forwards/Options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-hedge derivates with effect on income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Short term |
|
4,174 |
|
|
5,816 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Underlying Investments Hedge |
|
4,174 |
|
|
5,816 |
|
|
38,653 |
|
|
— |
|
| Total Instruments |
|
33,794 |
|
|
68,342 |
|
|
25,714 |
|
|
(19,967) |
|
________________________________________________
(1)See underlying hedges in Note 4.2 letters b) and d) and movement of cash flow hedge reserve in Note 19.4.
The balances in the column “Total Realized” consider the intermediate effects of the contracts that were in place between January 1 and December 31, 2023, and January 1 and December 31, 2022.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of asset and
liability hedging derivatives |
|
As of December
31, 2022 |
|
Cash Flow |
|
Income Statement |
|
Equity and Others |
|
As of December
31, 2023 |
| Hedge-to-debt derivatives |
|
(10,061) |
|
|
(14,850) |
|
|
6,631 |
|
|
20,800 |
|
|
2,520 |
|
| Hedging derivatives to investment |
|
(29,984) |
|
|
(10,082) |
|
|
18,171 |
|
|
3,595 |
|
|
(18,300) |
|
| Non-hedging derivatives disbursement SQM Australia Pty asset |
|
7,139 |
|
|
1,183 |
|
|
(1,183) |
|
|
(5,702) |
|
|
1,437 |
|
| Non-hedging derivatives |
|
(1,642) |
|
|
(18,034) |
|
|
5,401 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(14,275) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of asset and
liability hedging derivatives |
|
As of December
31, 2021 |
|
Cash Flow |
|
Income Statement |
|
Equity and Others |
|
As of December
31, 2022 |
| Hedge-to-debt derivatives |
|
(81,597) |
|
|
8,616 |
|
|
37,494 |
|
|
25,426 |
|
|
(10,061) |
|
| Hedging derivatives to investment |
|
12,613 |
|
|
(52,698) |
|
|
16,104 |
|
|
(6,003) |
|
|
(29,984) |
|
| Non-hedging derivatives disbursement SQM Australia Pty asset |
|
— |
|
|
2,022 |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,117 |
|
|
7,139 |
|
| Non-hedging derivatives |
|
(418) |
|
|
(39,878) |
|
|
38,653 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,642) |
|
Derivative contract maturities are detailed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Series |
|
Contract amount |
|
Currency |
|
Maturity date |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
|
|
|
| H |
|
91,718 |
|
|
UF |
|
01/05/2024 |
| O |
|
58,748 |
|
|
UF |
|
02/01/2030 |
| P |
|
134,228 |
|
|
UF |
|
01/15/2028 |
| Q |
|
123,370 |
|
|
UF |
|
06/01/2030 |
Effectiveness
The Company uses CCS, Forwards and IRS to hedge the potential financial risk associated with exchange rate and interest rate volatility. The objective is to hedge the exchange rate and inflation financial risks associated with bond obligations, exchange rate financial risks associated with investments in Chilean pesos, exchange rate financial risk associated with projects under construction in Australian dollars and interest rate financial risk associated with bank loans. Hedges are documented and qualitatively assessed to demonstrate their effectiveness based on a comparison of their critical terms.
The hedges used by the Company as of the reporting date are highly effective given that the amounts, currencies, exchange dates and rates of the hedged item and the hedge are aligned, maintaining a close economic relationship.
12.4 Financial liabilities
Other current and non-current financial liabilities
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the detail is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
Other current and non-current financial
liabilities |
|
Currents |
|
Non-Current |
|
Total |
|
Currents |
|
Non-Current |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Liabilities at amortized cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bank borrowings |
|
1,164,262 |
|
|
295,518 |
|
|
1,459,780 |
|
|
130,840 |
|
|
197,522 |
|
|
328,362 |
|
| Unsecured obligations |
|
46,999 |
|
|
2,909,485 |
|
|
2,956,484 |
|
|
343,589 |
|
|
2,176,924 |
|
|
2,520,513 |
|
| Derivative financial instruments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| For hedging |
|
30,443 |
|
|
8,419 |
|
|
38,862 |
|
|
42,754 |
|
|
19,772 |
|
|
62,526 |
|
| Non-Hedging |
|
14,795 |
|
|
— |
|
|
14,795 |
|
|
5,816 |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,816 |
|
| Total |
|
1,256,499 |
|
|
3,213,422 |
|
|
4,469,921 |
|
|
522,999 |
|
|
2,394,218 |
|
|
2,917,217 |
|
a)Bank borrowings, current:
As of December 31, 2023, the detail of this caption is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Currency or
adjustment
index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
Tax ID No. |
|
Financial institution |
|
Country |
|
|
Repayment |
|
|
maturity |
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal rate |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
O-E |
|
Bank of Nova Scotia |
|
United States of America |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
06/21/2024 |
|
5.88 |
% |
|
6.64 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
O-E |
|
Banco Santander/Kexim |
|
Spain/South Korea |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
06/21/2024 |
|
4.49 |
% |
|
6.36 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.043.000-8 |
|
JP Morgan |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
05/28/2024 |
|
6.69 |
% |
|
6.69 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.036.000-K |
|
Banco Santander |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
05/17/2024 |
|
5.95 |
% |
|
5.95 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.036.000-K |
|
Banco Santander |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
08/26/2024 |
|
6.88 |
% |
|
6.88 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.018.000-1 |
|
Scotiabank Chile |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
05/30/2024 |
|
6.19 |
% |
|
6.19 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.030.000-7 |
|
Banco Estado |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
02/20/2024 |
|
6.18 |
% |
|
6.18 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.030.000-7 |
|
Banco Estado |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
06/10/2024 |
|
6.19 |
% |
|
6.19 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.006.000-6 |
|
BCI |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
04/18/2024 |
|
6.01 |
% |
|
6.01 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.006.000-6 |
|
BCI |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
10/17/2024 |
|
5.84 |
% |
|
6.46 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.006.000-6 |
|
BCI |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
05/24/2024 |
|
6.17 |
% |
|
6.17 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.023.000-9 |
|
Banco Itau |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
07/05/2024 |
|
6.50 |
% |
|
6.50 |
% |
| 79.947.100-0 |
|
SQM Industrial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.004.000-5 |
|
Banco de Chile |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
05/16/2024 |
|
5.85 |
% |
|
5.85 |
% |
| 79.947.100-0 |
|
SQM Industrial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.023.000-9 |
|
Banco Itau |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
07/05/2024 |
|
6.50 |
% |
|
6.50 |
% |
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.023.000-9 |
|
Banco Itau |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
07/05/2024 |
|
6.50 |
% |
|
6.50 |
% |
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.023.000-9 |
|
Banco Itau |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
07/05/2024 |
|
6.50 |
% |
|
6.50 |
% |
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.018.000-1 |
|
Scotiabank Chile |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
05/17/2024 |
|
6.07 |
% |
|
6.07 |
% |
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.018.000-1 |
|
Scotiabank Chile |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
05/30/2024 |
|
6.19 |
% |
|
6.19 |
% |
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.030.000-7 |
|
Banco Estado |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
07/18/2024 |
|
5.92 |
% |
|
6.15 |
% |
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.030.000-7 |
|
Banco Estado |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
06/10/2024 |
|
6.19 |
% |
|
6.19 |
% |
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.004.000-5 |
|
Banco de Chile |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
05/16/2024 |
|
5.85 |
% |
|
5.85 |
% |
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.004.000-5 |
|
Banco de Chile |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
06/21/2024 |
|
6.25 |
% |
|
6.25 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Nominal amounts as of December 31, 2023 |
|
Current amounts as of December 31, 2023 |
| Company |
|
Financial institution |
|
Up to 90 days |
|
90 days to 1 year |
|
Total |
|
Up to 90 days |
|
90 days to 1
year |
|
Subtotal |
|
Borrowing
costs |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM S.A. |
|
Bank of Nova Scotia |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
406 |
|
|
406 |
|
|
— |
|
|
406 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Banco Santander |
|
— |
|
|
120,000 |
|
|
120,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
124,383 |
|
|
124,383 |
|
|
— |
|
|
124,383 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Banco Santander |
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
204,625 |
|
|
204,625 |
|
|
— |
|
|
204,625 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Banco JP Morgan |
|
— |
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
50,288 |
|
|
50,288 |
|
|
— |
|
|
50,288 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Banco Santander/Kexim |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
177 |
|
|
177 |
|
|
— |
|
|
177 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Scotiabank Chile |
|
— |
|
|
25,000 |
|
|
25,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
25,898 |
|
|
25,898 |
|
|
— |
|
|
25,898 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Banco Estado |
|
15,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
15,569 |
|
|
— |
|
|
15,569 |
|
|
— |
|
|
15,569 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Banco Estado |
|
— |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
20,695 |
|
|
20,695 |
|
|
— |
|
|
20,695 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
BCI |
|
— |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
104,176 |
|
|
104,176 |
|
|
— |
|
|
104,176 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
BCI |
|
— |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
101,238 |
|
|
101,238 |
|
|
— |
|
|
101,238 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
BCI |
|
— |
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
51,825 |
|
|
51,825 |
|
|
— |
|
|
51,825 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Banco Itau |
|
— |
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,309 |
|
|
10,309 |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,309 |
|
| SQM Industrial S.A. |
|
Banco de Chile |
|
— |
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
31,077 |
|
|
31,077 |
|
|
— |
|
|
31,077 |
|
| SQM Industrial S.A. |
|
Banco Itau |
|
— |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
20,618 |
|
|
20,618 |
|
|
— |
|
|
20,618 |
|
| SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Banco Itau |
|
— |
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,311 |
|
|
10,311 |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,311 |
|
| SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Banco Itau |
|
— |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
20,618 |
|
|
20,618 |
|
|
— |
|
|
20,618 |
|
| SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Scotiabank Chile |
|
— |
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
51,864 |
|
|
51,864 |
|
|
— |
|
|
51,864 |
|
| SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Scotiabank Chile |
|
— |
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
51,797 |
|
|
51,797 |
|
|
— |
|
|
51,797 |
|
| SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Banco Estado |
|
— |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
71,913 |
|
|
71,913 |
|
|
— |
|
|
71,913 |
|
| SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Banco Estado |
|
— |
|
|
80,000 |
|
|
80,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
82,779 |
|
|
82,779 |
|
|
— |
|
|
82,779 |
|
| SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Banco de Chile |
|
— |
|
|
40,000 |
|
|
40,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
41,436 |
|
|
41,436 |
|
|
— |
|
|
41,436 |
|
| SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Banco de Chile |
|
— |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
72,260 |
|
|
72,260 |
|
|
— |
|
|
72,260 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
1,115,000 |
|
|
1,130,000 |
|
|
15,569 |
|
|
1,148,693 |
|
|
1,164,262 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,164,262 |
|
As of December 31, 2022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Currency or
adjustment
index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
Tax ID No. |
|
Financial institution |
|
Country |
|
|
Repayment |
|
|
maturity |
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal rate |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
O-E |
|
Scotiabank Cayman |
|
United States of America |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
05/30/2023 |
|
0.97 |
% |
|
5.22 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.023.000-9 |
|
Banco Itau |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
01/05/2023 |
|
4.50 |
% |
|
4.50 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
97.030.000-7 |
|
Banco Estado |
|
Chile |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon maturity |
|
|
01/05/2023 |
|
4.59 |
% |
|
4.59 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Nominal amounts as of December 31, 2022 |
|
Current amounts as of December 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
Up to 90 days |
|
90 days to
1 year |
|
Total |
|
Up to 90 days |
|
90 days to 1
year |
|
Subtotal |
|
Borrowing
costs |
|
Total |
| Company |
|
Financial institution |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM S.A. |
|
Scotiabank Cayman |
|
— |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
70,393 |
|
|
70,393 |
|
|
(149) |
|
|
70,244 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Banco Itau |
|
20,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
20,062 |
|
|
— |
|
|
20,062 |
|
|
— |
|
|
20,062 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Banco Estado |
|
40,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
40,000 |
|
|
40,128 |
|
|
— |
|
|
40,128 |
|
|
— |
|
|
40,128 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Scotiabank |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
406 |
|
|
— |
|
|
406 |
|
|
— |
|
|
406 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
60,000 |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
130,000 |
|
|
60,596 |
|
|
70,393 |
|
|
130,989 |
|
|
(149) |
|
|
130,840 |
|
b)Unsecured obligations, current:
As of December 31, 2023, the detail of current unsecured interest-bearing obligations is composed of promissory notes and bonds, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
registration or ID
of the instrument |
|
|
|
|
|
Currency or
adjustment
index |
|
Periodicity |
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No. |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
|
Series |
|
Maturity date |
|
|
Payment of
interest |
|
Repayment |
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal rate |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$250,000 |
|
01/28/2024 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
0.80 |
% |
|
4.38 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$450,000 |
|
05/07/2024 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
2.39 |
% |
|
4.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$400,000 |
|
01/22/2024 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.62 |
% |
|
4.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$700,000 |
|
03/10/2024 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.30 |
% |
|
3.50 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$750,000 |
|
05/07/2024 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
6.89 |
% |
|
6.50 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
564 |
|
H |
|
01/05/2024 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Semiannual |
|
1.58 |
% |
|
4.90 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
699 |
|
O |
|
02/01/2024 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
1.68 |
% |
|
3.80 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
563 |
|
P |
|
01/15/2024 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
1.41 |
% |
|
3.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
700 |
|
Q |
|
06/01/2024 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
2.41 |
% |
|
3.45 |
% |
Effective rates of bonds in Pesos and UF are expressed and calculated in Dollars based on the flows agreed in Cross Currency Swap Agreements.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nominal amounts as of December 31, 2023 |
|
Carrying amounts of maturities as of December 31, 2023 |
| Company |
|
Country |
|
Series |
|
Up to 90
days |
|
90 days to 1
year |
|
Total |
|
Up to 90 days |
|
90 days to
1 year |
|
Subtotal |
|
Borrowing
costs |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
ThUS$250,000 |
|
4,648 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,648 |
|
|
4,648 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,648 |
|
|
(433) |
|
|
4,215 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
ThUS$450,000 |
|
— |
|
|
2,869 |
|
|
2,869 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,869 |
|
|
2,869 |
|
|
(677) |
|
|
2,192 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
ThUS$400,000 |
|
7,508 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,508 |
|
|
7,508 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,508 |
|
|
(235) |
|
|
7,273 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
ThUS$700,000 |
|
7,554 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,554 |
|
|
7,554 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,554 |
|
|
(555) |
|
|
6,999 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
ThUS$750,000 |
|
— |
|
|
7,312 |
|
|
7,312 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,312 |
|
|
7,312 |
|
|
(1,521) |
|
|
5,791 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
H |
|
17,599 |
|
|
— |
|
|
17,599 |
|
|
17,599 |
|
|
— |
|
|
17,599 |
|
|
(172) |
|
|
17,427 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
O |
|
987 |
|
|
— |
|
|
987 |
|
|
987 |
|
|
— |
|
|
987 |
|
|
(82) |
|
|
905 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
P |
|
1,871 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,871 |
|
|
1,871 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,871 |
|
|
(12) |
|
|
1,859 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Q |
|
— |
|
|
359 |
|
|
359 |
|
|
— |
|
|
359 |
|
|
359 |
|
|
(21) |
|
|
338 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
40,167 |
|
|
10,540 |
|
|
50,707 |
|
|
40,167 |
|
|
10,540 |
|
|
50,707 |
|
|
(3,708) |
|
|
46,999 |
|
As of December 31, 2022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
registration or ID
of the instrument |
|
|
|
|
|
Currency or
adjustment
index |
|
Periodicity |
|
|
|
|
| Tax I No. |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
|
Series |
|
Maturity date |
|
|
Payment of
interest |
|
Repayment |
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal rate |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$250,000 |
|
01/28/2023 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
1.17 |
% |
|
4.38 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$300,000 |
|
04/03/2023 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
0.56 |
% |
|
3.63 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$450,000 |
|
05/07/2023 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.01 |
% |
|
4.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$400,000 |
|
01/22/2023 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.79 |
% |
|
4.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$700,000 |
|
03/10/2023 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.44 |
% |
|
3.50 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
564 |
|
H |
|
01/05/2023 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Semiannual |
|
1.23 |
% |
|
4.90 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
699 |
|
O |
|
02/01/2023 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
1.89 |
% |
|
3.80 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
563 |
|
P |
|
01/15/2023 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
1.72 |
% |
|
3.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
700 |
|
Q |
|
06/01/2023 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
2.63 |
% |
|
3.45 |
% |
Effective rates of bonds in Pesos and UF are expressed and calculated in Dollars based on the flows agreed in Cross Currency Swap Agreements.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nominal amounts as of December 31, 2022 |
|
Carrying amounts of maturities as of December 31, 2022 |
| Company |
|
Country |
|
Series |
|
Up to 90
days |
|
90 days to 1
year |
|
Total |
|
Up to 90 days |
|
90 days to
1 year |
|
Subtotal |
|
Borrowing costs |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
ThUS$250,000 |
|
4,648 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,648 |
|
|
4,648 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,648 |
|
|
(433) |
|
|
4,215 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
ThUS$300,000 |
|
— |
|
|
302,658 |
|
|
302,658 |
|
|
— |
|
|
302,658 |
|
|
302,658 |
|
|
(170) |
|
|
302,488 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
ThUS$450,000 |
|
— |
|
|
2,869 |
|
|
2,869 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,869 |
|
|
2,869 |
|
|
(679) |
|
|
2,190 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
ThUS$400,000 |
|
7,508 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,508 |
|
|
7,508 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,508 |
|
|
(237) |
|
|
7,271 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
ThUS$700,000 |
|
— |
|
|
7,554 |
|
|
7,554 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,554 |
|
|
7,554 |
|
|
(555) |
|
|
6,999 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
H |
|
17,566 |
|
|
— |
|
|
17,566 |
|
|
17,566 |
|
|
— |
|
|
17,566 |
|
|
(172) |
|
|
17,394 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
O |
|
965 |
|
|
— |
|
|
965 |
|
|
965 |
|
|
— |
|
|
965 |
|
|
(82) |
|
|
883 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
P |
|
1,830 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,830 |
|
|
1,830 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,830 |
|
|
(12) |
|
|
1,818 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Q |
|
— |
|
|
351 |
|
|
351 |
|
|
— |
|
|
351 |
|
|
351 |
|
|
(20) |
|
|
331 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
32,517 |
|
|
313,432 |
|
|
345,949 |
|
|
32,517 |
|
|
313,432 |
|
|
345,949 |
|
|
(2,360) |
|
|
343,589 |
|
c)Bank borrowings -non-current
The following table shows the details of bank loans as of December 31, 2023:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Currency or
adjustment index |
|
Type of
amortization
|
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal rate |
| Tax ID No. |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
Tax ID No. |
|
Financial institution |
|
Country |
|
|
|
|
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
O-E |
|
Bank of Nova Scotia |
|
Canada |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon Maturity |
|
5.88 |
% |
|
6.64 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
O-E |
|
Banco Santander/Kexim |
|
Spain/South Korea |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon Maturity |
|
5.49 |
% |
|
6.36 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Nominal non-current maturities as of December 31, 2023 |
|
Carrying amounts of maturities as of December 31, 2023 |
| Company |
|
Financial institution |
|
Between 1 and 2 |
|
Between 2
and 3 |
|
Between 3
and 4 |
|
Total |
|
Between 1
and 2 |
|
Between 2
and 3 |
|
Between 3
and 4 |
|
Subtotal |
|
Costs of
obtaining
loans |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM S.A. |
|
Bank of Nova Scotia |
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
(1,648) |
|
|
198,352 |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Banco Santander/Kexim |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
(2,834) |
|
|
97,166 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
(4,482) |
|
|
295,518 |
|
As of December 31, 2022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Currency or
adjustment index |
|
Type of
amortization
|
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal rate |
| Tax ID No. |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
Tax ID No. |
|
Financial institution |
|
Country |
|
|
|
|
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
O-E |
|
Scotiabank Cayman |
|
United States of America |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon Maturity |
|
2.33 |
% |
|
3.19 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
O-E |
|
Scotiabank |
|
Canada |
|
Dollar |
|
Upon Maturity |
|
5.10 |
% |
|
6.08 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Nominal non-current maturities as of December 31, 2022 |
|
Carrying amounts of maturities as of December 31, 2022 |
| Company |
|
Financial institution |
|
Between 1 and 2 |
|
Between 2
and 3 |
|
Between 3
and 4 |
|
Total |
|
Between 1
and 2 |
|
Between 2
and 3 |
|
Between 3
and 4 |
|
Subtotal |
|
Costs of obtaining loans |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM S.A. |
|
Scotiabank Cayman |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM S.A. |
|
Scotiabank |
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
(2,478) |
|
|
197,522 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
(2,478) |
|
|
197,522 |
|
d)Unsecured obligations, non-current
The following table shows the details of “unsecured debentures that accrue non-current interest” as of December 31, 2023:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
registration or ID
of the instrument |
|
|
|
|
|
Currency or
adjustment index |
|
Periodicity |
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No. |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
|
Series |
|
Maturity date |
|
|
Payment of
interest |
|
Repayment |
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal rate |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$250,000 |
|
01/28/2025 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
4.24 |
% |
|
4.38 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$450,000 |
|
05/07/2029 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
4.14 |
% |
|
4.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$400,000 |
|
01/22/2050 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
4.23 |
% |
|
4.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$700,000 |
|
09/10/2051 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.45 |
% |
|
3.50 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$750,000 |
|
11/07/2033 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
6.89 |
% |
|
6.50 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
564 |
|
H |
|
01/05/2030 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Semiannual |
|
4.76 |
% |
|
4.90 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
699 |
|
O |
|
02/01/2033 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.69 |
% |
|
3.80 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
563 |
|
P |
|
01/15/2028 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.24 |
% |
|
3.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
700 |
|
Q |
|
06/01/2038 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.54 |
% |
|
3.45 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nominal non-current maturities as of December 31, 2023 |
|
Carrying amounts of maturities as of December 31, 2023 |
| Series |
|
Over 1
year to 2 |
|
Over 2
years to 3 |
|
Over 3
Years to 4 |
|
Over 4
Years to 5 |
|
Over 5
years |
|
Total |
|
Over 1
year to 2 |
|
Over 2
years to 3 |
|
Over 3
Years to 4 |
|
Over 4
Years to 5 |
|
Over 5
years |
|
Subtotal |
|
Bond
issuance
costs |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| ThUS$250,000 |
|
250,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
(36) |
|
|
249,964 |
|
| ThUS$450,000 |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
450,000 |
|
|
450,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
450,000 |
|
|
450,000 |
|
|
(2,991) |
|
|
447,009 |
|
| ThUS$400,000 |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
(5,879) |
|
|
394,121 |
|
| ThUS$700,000 |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
700,000 |
|
|
700,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
700,000 |
|
|
700,000 |
|
|
(14,787) |
|
|
685,213 |
|
| ThUS$750,000 |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
750,000 |
|
|
750,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
750,000 |
|
|
750,000 |
|
|
(13,437) |
|
|
736,563 |
|
| H |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
83,887 |
|
|
83,887 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
83,887 |
|
|
83,887 |
|
|
(861) |
|
|
83,026 |
|
| O |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
62,915 |
|
|
62,915 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
62,915 |
|
|
62,915 |
|
|
(659) |
|
|
62,256 |
|
| P |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
125,830 |
|
|
125,830 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
125,830 |
|
|
125,830 |
|
|
(40) |
|
|
125,790 |
|
| Q |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
125,830 |
|
|
125,830 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
125,830 |
|
|
125,830 |
|
|
(287) |
|
|
125,543 |
|
| Total |
|
250,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,698,462 |
|
|
2,948,462 |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,698,462 |
|
|
2,948,462 |
|
|
(38,977) |
|
|
2,909,485 |
|
As of December 31, 2022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Number of
registration or ID
of the instrument |
|
|
|
|
|
Currency or
adjustment
index |
|
Periodicity |
|
|
|
|
| Tax ID No. |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
|
Series |
|
Maturity date |
|
|
Payment of
interest |
|
Repayment |
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal rate |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$250,000 |
|
01/28/2025 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
4.08 |
% |
|
4.38 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$450,000 |
|
05/07/2029 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
4.10 |
% |
|
4.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$400,000 |
|
01/22/2050 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
4.19 |
% |
|
4.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
— |
|
ThUS$700,000 |
|
09/10/2051 |
|
Dollar |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.42 |
% |
|
3.50 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
564 |
|
H |
|
01/05/2030 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Semiannual |
|
4.76 |
% |
|
4.90 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
699 |
|
O |
|
02/01/2033 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.69 |
% |
|
3.80 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
563 |
|
P |
|
01/15/2028 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.24 |
% |
|
3.25 |
% |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
700 |
|
Q |
|
06/01/2038 |
|
UF |
|
Semiannual |
|
Upon maturity |
|
3.43 |
% |
|
3.45 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nominal non-current maturities as of December 31, 2022 |
|
Carrying amounts of maturities as of December 31, 2022 |
| Series |
|
Over 1
year to 2 |
|
Over 2
years to 3 |
|
Over 3
Years to 4 |
|
Over 4
Years to 5 |
|
Over 5
years |
|
Total |
|
Over 1
year to 2 |
|
Over 2
years to 3 |
|
Over 3
Years to 4 |
|
Over 4
Years to 5 |
|
Over 5
years |
|
Subtotal |
|
Bond
issuance
costs |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| ThUS$250,000 |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
(469) |
|
|
249,531 |
|
| ThUS$450,000 |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
450,000 |
|
|
450,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
450,000 |
|
|
450,000 |
|
|
(3,666) |
|
|
446,334 |
|
| ThUS$400,000 |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
400,000 |
|
|
(6,112) |
|
|
393,888 |
|
| ThUS$700,000 |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
700,000 |
|
|
700,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
700,000 |
|
|
700,000 |
|
|
(15,341) |
|
|
684,659 |
|
| H |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
96,967 |
|
|
96,967 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
96,967 |
|
|
96,967 |
|
|
(1,034) |
|
|
95,933 |
|
| O |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
61,536 |
|
|
61,536 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
61,536 |
|
|
61,536 |
|
|
(741) |
|
|
60,795 |
|
| P |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
123,072 |
|
|
123,072 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
123,072 |
|
|
123,072 |
|
|
(52) |
|
|
123,020 |
|
| Q |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
123,073 |
|
|
123,073 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
123,073 |
|
|
123,073 |
|
|
(309) |
|
|
122,764 |
|
| Total |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,954,648 |
|
|
2,204,648 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
250,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,954,648 |
|
|
2,204,648 |
|
|
(27,724) |
|
|
2,176,924 |
|
12.5 Trade and other payables
a)Details trade and other payables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Details trade and other payables |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Current |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Accounts payable |
|
441,780 |
|
|
— |
|
|
441,780 |
|
|
358,711 |
|
|
— |
|
|
358,711 |
|
| Other accounts payable |
|
2,163 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,163 |
|
|
1,438 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,438 |
|
| Prepayments from customers |
|
5,690 |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,690 |
|
|
14,640 |
|
|
— |
|
|
14,640 |
|
| Total |
|
449,633 |
|
|
— |
|
|
449,633 |
|
|
374,789 |
|
|
— |
|
|
374,789 |
|
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the balance of current and past due accounts payable is made up as follows:
Suppliers current on all payments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts according to payment periods as of December 31, 2023 |
| Type of Supplier |
|
Up to 30
Days |
|
31 – 60
days |
|
61 – 90
Days |
|
91 – 120
days |
|
121 – 365
days |
|
366 and
more
days |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
| Goods |
|
246,789 |
|
|
2,654 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,653 |
|
|
— |
|
|
251,098 |
|
| Services |
|
142,625 |
|
|
243 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
— |
|
|
65 |
|
|
— |
|
|
142,937 |
|
| Others |
|
50,335 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
7 |
|
|
— |
|
|
50,342 |
|
| Total |
|
439,749 |
|
|
2,897 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,725 |
|
|
— |
|
|
444,377 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts according to payment periods as of December 31, 2022 |
| Type of Supplier |
|
Up to 30
Days |
|
31 – 60
days |
|
61 – 90
Days |
|
91 – 120
days |
|
121 – 365
days |
|
366 and
more
days |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
| Goods |
|
239,108 |
|
|
786 |
|
|
877 |
|
|
339 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
241,110 |
|
| Services |
|
91,499 |
|
|
1,270 |
|
|
73 |
|
|
— |
|
|
65 |
|
|
— |
|
|
92,907 |
|
| Others |
|
34,325 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
34,325 |
|
| Total |
|
364,932 |
|
|
2,056 |
|
|
950 |
|
|
339 |
|
|
65 |
|
|
— |
|
|
368,342 |
|
Suppliers past due on payments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts according to payment periods as of December 31, 2023 |
| Type of Supplier |
|
Up to 30
Days |
|
31 – 60
days |
|
61 – 90
Days |
|
91 – 120
days |
|
121 – 365
days |
|
366 and
more
days |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
| Goods |
|
864 |
|
|
158 |
|
|
77 |
|
|
66 |
|
|
185 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,350 |
|
| Services |
|
1,557 |
|
|
57 |
|
|
24 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
19 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,665 |
|
| Others |
|
10 |
|
|
9 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
59 |
|
|
— |
|
|
78 |
|
| Total |
|
2,431 |
|
|
224 |
|
|
101 |
|
|
74 |
|
|
263 |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,093 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts according to payment periods as of December 31, 2022 |
| Type of Supplier |
|
Up to 30
Days |
|
31 – 60
days |
|
61 – 90
Days |
|
91 – 120
days |
|
121 – 365
days |
|
366 and
more
days |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
| Goods |
|
1,294 |
|
|
135 |
|
|
64 |
|
|
24 |
|
|
1,363 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,880 |
|
| Services |
|
1,548 |
|
|
174 |
|
|
20 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
196 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,939 |
|
| Others |
|
136 |
|
|
27 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
27 |
|
|
— |
|
|
190 |
|
| Total |
|
2,978 |
|
|
336 |
|
|
84 |
|
|
25 |
|
|
1,586 |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,009 |
|
Purchase commitments held by the Company are recognized as liabilities when the goods and services are received by the Company. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has purchase orders amounting to ThUS$296,598 and ThUS$191,319 as of December 31, 2022.
12.6 Financial asset and liability categories
a)Financial Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Description of financial assets |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Total |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Cash and cash equivalent |
|
1,041,369 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,041,369 |
|
|
2,655,236 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,655,236 |
|
| Trade receivables due from related parties at amortized cost |
|
43,253 |
|
|
— |
|
|
43,253 |
|
|
81,622 |
|
|
— |
|
|
81,622 |
|
| Financial assets measured at amortized cost |
|
1,316,797 |
|
|
20 |
|
|
1,316,817 |
|
|
950,167 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
950,190 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
907,181 |
|
|
2,559 |
|
|
909,740 |
|
|
1,087,420 |
|
|
2,091 |
|
|
1,089,511 |
|
| Total financial assets measured at amortized cost |
|
3,308,600 |
|
|
2,579 |
|
|
3,311,179 |
|
|
4,774,445 |
|
|
2,114 |
|
|
4,776,559 |
|
| Financial instruments for hedging purposes |
|
8,527 |
|
|
15,993 |
|
|
24,520 |
|
|
7,014 |
|
|
22,606 |
|
|
29,620 |
|
| Derivative financial instruments with effect in profit or loss (no hedge) |
|
519 |
|
|
— |
|
|
519 |
|
|
4,174 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,174 |
|
| Financial assets classified as available for sale at fair value through other comprehensive income |
|
— |
|
|
232,268 |
|
|
232,268 |
|
|
— |
|
|
9,497 |
|
|
9,497 |
|
| Total financial assets at fair value |
|
9,046 |
|
|
248,261 |
|
|
257,307 |
|
|
11,188 |
|
|
32,103 |
|
|
43,291 |
|
| Total financial assets |
|
3,317,646 |
|
|
250,840 |
|
|
3,568,486 |
|
|
4,785,633 |
|
|
34,217 |
|
|
4,819,850 |
|
b)Financial Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Description of financial liabilities |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Total |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| For hedging purposes through other comprehensive income |
|
30,443 |
|
|
8,419 |
|
|
38,862 |
|
|
42,754 |
|
|
19,772 |
|
|
62,526 |
|
| Held for trading at fair value through profit or loss |
|
14,795 |
|
|
— |
|
|
14,795 |
|
|
5,816 |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,816 |
|
| Financial liabilities at fair value |
|
45,238 |
|
|
8,419 |
|
|
53,657 |
|
|
48,570 |
|
|
19,772 |
|
|
68,342 |
|
| Bank loans |
|
1,164,262 |
|
|
295,518 |
|
|
1,459,780 |
|
|
130,840 |
|
|
197,522 |
|
|
328,362 |
|
| Unsecured obligations |
|
46,999 |
|
|
2,909,485 |
|
|
2,956,484 |
|
|
343,589 |
|
|
2,176,924 |
|
|
2,520,513 |
|
| Lease Liabilities |
|
18,192 |
|
|
56,966 |
|
|
75,158 |
|
|
12,149 |
|
|
49,585 |
|
|
61,734 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
449,633 |
|
|
— |
|
|
449,633 |
|
|
374,789 |
|
|
— |
|
|
374,789 |
|
| Total financial liabilities at amortized cost |
|
1,679,086 |
|
|
3,261,969 |
|
|
4,941,055 |
|
|
861,367 |
|
|
2,424,031 |
|
|
3,285,398 |
|
| Total financial liabilities |
|
1,724,324 |
|
|
3,270,388 |
|
|
4,994,712 |
|
|
909,937 |
|
|
2,443,803 |
|
|
3,353,740 |
|
12.7 Fair value measurement of finance assets and liabilities
The fair value hierarchy is detailed as follows:
(a)Level 1: The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (such as publicly traded derivatives, and equity securities) is based on quoted market prices at the end of the reporting period. The quoted market price used for financial assets held by the Company is the current bid price. These instruments are included in level 1.
(b)Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, over-the-counter derivatives) is determined using valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.
(c)Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
Measurement Methodology |
| Fair value measurement of assets and liabilities |
|
Carrying Amount at
Amortized Cost |
|
Fair value
(disclosure
purposes) |
|
Fair amount
registered |
|
Level 1 |
|
Level 2 |
|
Level 3 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Financial Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
1,041,369 |
|
|
1,041,369 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,041,369 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Other current financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Time deposits |
|
1,316,797 |
|
|
1,316,797 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,316,797 |
|
|
— |
|
-Derivative financial instruments |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
-Forwards |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
324 |
|
|
— |
|
|
324 |
|
|
— |
|
-Options |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
195 |
|
|
— |
|
|
195 |
|
|
— |
|
-Hedging assets |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
8,527 |
|
|
— |
|
|
8,527 |
|
|
— |
|
-Swaps |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Non-current accounts receivable |
|
2,559 |
|
|
2,559 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Other non-current financial assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Other |
|
20 |
|
|
20 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
20 |
|
|
— |
|
-Equity instruments |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
232,268 |
|
|
232,268 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
-Hedging assets – Swaps |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
15,993 |
|
|
15,993 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Other current financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Bank borrowings |
|
1,164,262 |
|
|
1,164,262 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,164,262 |
|
|
— |
|
-Derivative instruments |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
-Forwards |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
14,525 |
|
|
— |
|
|
14,525 |
|
|
— |
|
-Options |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
270 |
|
|
— |
|
|
270 |
|
|
— |
|
-Hedging liabilities – Swaps |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
12,143 |
|
|
— |
|
|
12,143 |
|
|
— |
|
-Swaps hedges, investments |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
18,300 |
|
|
— |
|
|
18,300 |
|
|
— |
|
-Cash flow hedges |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
-Unsecured obligations |
|
46,999 |
|
|
46,999 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
46,999 |
|
|
— |
|
| Other non-current financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Bank borrowings |
|
295,518 |
|
|
295,518 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
295,518 |
|
|
— |
|
-Unsecured obligations |
|
2,909,485 |
|
|
2,909,485 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,909,485 |
|
|
— |
|
-Non-current hedging liabilities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
8,419 |
|
|
— |
|
|
8,419 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
|
Measurement Methodology |
| Fair value measurement of assets and liabilities |
|
Carrying Amount at
Amortized Cost |
|
Fair value
(disclosure
purposes) |
|
Fair amount
registered |
|
Level 1 |
|
Level 2 |
|
Level 3 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Financial Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
2,655,236 |
|
|
2,655,236 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,655,236 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Other current financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Time deposits |
|
950,167 |
|
|
950,167 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
950,167 |
|
|
— |
|
-Derivative financial instruments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Forwards |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,704 |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,704 |
|
|
— |
|
-Options |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
470 |
|
|
— |
|
|
470 |
|
|
— |
|
-Hedging assets |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,014 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,014 |
|
|
— |
|
-Swaps |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Non-current accounts receivable |
|
2,091 |
|
|
2,091 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Other non-current financial assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Other |
|
23 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
23 |
|
|
— |
|
-Equity instruments |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
9,497 |
|
|
9,497 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
-Hedging assets – Swaps |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
22,606 |
|
|
22,606 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Other current financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Bank borrowings |
|
130,840 |
|
|
130,840 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
130,840 |
|
|
— |
|
-Derivative instruments |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
-Forwards |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,848 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,848 |
|
|
— |
|
-Options |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
968 |
|
|
— |
|
|
968 |
|
|
— |
|
-Hedging liabilities – Swaps |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
42,754 |
|
|
— |
|
|
42,754 |
|
|
— |
|
-Swaps hedges, investments |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
-Unsecured obligations |
|
343,589 |
|
|
343,589 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
343,589 |
|
|
— |
|
| Other non-current financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Bank borrowings |
|
197,522 |
|
|
196,598 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
196,598 |
|
|
— |
|
-Unsecured obligations |
|
2,176,924 |
|
|
2,476,924 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,476,924 |
|
|
— |
|
-Non-current hedging liabilities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
19,772 |
|
|
— |
|
|
19,772 |
|
|
— |
|
12.8 Reconciliation of net debt/cash and lease liabilities
This section presents an analysis of net debt/cash plus lease liabilities and their movements for each of the reported periods. The definition of the net debt/cash is described in Note 19.1. and includes current and non-current lease liabilities to complete its analysis.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net debt |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
1,041,369 |
|
|
2,655,236 |
|
| Other current financial assets |
|
1,325,843 |
|
|
961,355 |
|
| Other non-current financial hedge assets |
|
15,993 |
|
|
22,606 |
|
| Other current financial liabilities |
|
(1,256,499) |
|
|
(522,999) |
|
| Lease liabilities current |
|
(18,192) |
|
|
(12,149) |
|
| Other non-current financial liabilities |
|
(3,213,422) |
|
|
(2,394,218) |
|
| Non-current Lease liabilities |
|
(56,966) |
|
|
(49,585) |
|
| Total |
|
(2,161,874) |
|
|
660,246 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
From cash flow |
|
Not from cash flow |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
| Net debt |
|
|
Amounts from
loans |
|
Amounts from
interests |
|
Other cash
(inflows)/outflows |
|
Income statement |
|
Equity and others |
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Obligations with the public and bank loans |
|
(2,848,875) |
|
|
(1,534,282) |
|
|
117,145 |
|
|
18,346 |
|
|
(168,598) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(4,416,264) |
|
| Financial instruments derived from hedging |
|
(39,681) |
|
|
(18,927) |
|
|
4,077 |
|
|
— |
|
|
11,731 |
|
|
20,800 |
|
|
(22,000) |
|
| Derivatives for investment hedges |
|
(29,984) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(10,082) |
|
|
18,171 |
|
|
3,595 |
|
|
(18,300) |
|
| Non-hedging Derivatives in Other financial liabilities |
|
(5,816) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(8,979) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(14,795) |
|
| Current and non-current lease liabilities |
|
(61,734) |
|
|
15,914 |
|
|
2,038 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(31,376) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(75,158) |
|
| Current and non-current financial liabilities |
|
(2,986,090) |
|
|
(1,537,295) |
|
|
123,260 |
|
|
8,264 |
|
|
(179,051) |
|
|
24,395 |
|
|
(4,546,517) |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
2,655,236 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(53,539) |
|
|
(1,615,863) |
|
|
55,535 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,041,369 |
|
| Deposits that do not qualify as cash and cash equivalents |
|
950,167 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(49,226) |
|
|
341,742 |
|
|
74,114 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,316,797 |
|
| Debt Hedging Derivative Financial Instruments |
|
29,620 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(5,100) |
|
|
— |
|
|
24,520 |
|
| Derivatives for investment hedges |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Non-hedging derivatives on other financial assets |
|
4,174 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(18,034) |
|
|
14,380 |
|
|
— |
|
|
520 |
|
| Hedging derivatives reimbursement of SQM Australia asset |
|
7,139 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,183 |
|
|
(1,183) |
|
|
(5,702) |
|
|
1,437 |
|
| Current and Non-Current Financial Assets |
|
3,646,336 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(102,765) |
|
|
(1,290,972) |
|
|
137,746 |
|
|
(5,702) |
|
|
2,384,643 |
|
| Total |
|
660,246 |
|
|
(1,537,295) |
|
|
20,495 |
|
|
(1,282,708) |
|
|
(41,305) |
|
|
18,693 |
|
|
(2,161,874) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
From cash flow |
|
Not from cash flow |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
| Net debt |
|
|
Amounts from
loans |
|
Amounts from
interests |
|
Other cash
(inflows)/outflows |
|
Income statement |
|
Equity and others |
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Obligations with the public and bank loans |
|
(2,555,511) |
|
|
(246,883) |
|
|
98,155 |
|
|
2,566 |
|
|
(147,202) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,848,875) |
|
| Debt hedging derivative financial instruments |
|
(81,854) |
|
|
993 |
|
|
7,623 |
|
|
— |
|
|
6,108 |
|
|
27,449 |
|
|
(39,681) |
|
| Hedging and investment derivatives |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,662) |
|
|
(21,319) |
|
|
(6,003) |
|
|
(29,984) |
|
| Non-hedging derivatives on other financial liabilities |
|
(1,672) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(4,144) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(5,816) |
|
| Operating lease liabilities, current and non-current |
|
(54,223) |
|
|
10,478 |
|
|
1,226 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(19,215) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(61,734) |
|
| Current and non-current financial liabilities |
|
(2,693,260) |
|
|
(235,412) |
|
|
107,004 |
|
|
(96) |
|
|
(185,772) |
|
|
21,446 |
|
|
(2,986,090) |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
1,515,051 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(25,623) |
|
|
1,165,225 |
|
|
583 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,655,236 |
|
| Deposits that do not qualify as cash and cash equivalents |
|
905,170 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(24,088) |
|
|
24,679 |
|
|
44,406 |
|
|
— |
|
|
950,167 |
|
| Debt hedging derivative financial instruments |
|
257 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
29,363 |
|
|
— |
|
|
29,620 |
|
| Hedging and investment derivatives |
|
12,613 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(12,613) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Non-hedging derivatives on other financial assets |
|
1,254 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(39,878) |
|
|
42,798 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,174 |
|
| Hedging derivatives reimbursement of SQM Australia asset |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,022 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,117 |
|
|
7,139 |
|
| Current and Non-Current Financial Assets |
|
2,434,345 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(47,689) |
|
|
1,150,026 |
|
|
104,537 |
|
|
5,117 |
|
|
3,646,336 |
|
| Total |
|
(258,915) |
|
|
(235,412) |
|
|
59,315 |
|
|
1,149,930 |
|
|
(81,235) |
|
|
26,563 |
|
|
660,246 |
|
Note 13 Right-of-use assets and Lease liabilities
13.1 Right-of-use assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of changes
in right-of-use assets as of
December 31, 2023, net value |
|
Land |
|
Buildings |
|
Other
property,
plant and
equipment |
|
Transport
equipment |
|
Machinery,
plant and
equipment |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Opening Balance |
|
18,320 |
|
|
17,839 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,805 |
|
|
22,903 |
|
|
60,867 |
|
| Additions |
|
894 |
|
|
13,714 |
|
|
— |
|
|
37 |
|
|
18,686 |
|
|
33,331 |
|
| Depreciation expenses |
|
(687) |
|
|
(4,509) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(987) |
|
|
(11,088) |
|
|
(17,271) |
|
| Transfer to property, plant and equipment |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Other increases (decreases) |
|
(228) |
|
|
(1,586) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,920) |
|
|
(3,734) |
|
| Total changes |
|
(21) |
|
|
7,619 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(950) |
|
|
5,678 |
|
|
12,326 |
|
| Closing balance |
|
18,299 |
|
|
25,458 |
|
|
— |
|
|
855 |
|
|
28,581 |
|
|
73,193 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of changes
in right-of-use assets as of
December 31, 2022, net value |
|
Land |
|
Buildings |
|
Other
property,
plant and
equipment |
|
Transport
equipment |
|
Machinery,
plant and
equipment |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Opening Balance |
|
17,353 |
|
|
20,951 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,578 |
|
|
11,726 |
|
|
52,608 |
|
| Additions |
|
1,599 |
|
|
736 |
|
|
— |
|
|
186 |
|
|
16,675 |
|
|
19,196 |
|
| Depreciation expenses |
|
(12) |
|
|
(3,846) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(965) |
|
|
(4,383) |
|
|
(9,206) |
|
| Transfer to property, plant and equipment |
|
(622) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,114) |
|
|
(1,736) |
|
| Other increases (decreases) |
|
2 |
|
|
(2) |
|
|
— |
|
|
6 |
|
|
(1) |
|
|
5 |
|
| Total changes |
|
967 |
|
|
(3,112) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(773) |
|
|
11,177 |
|
|
8,259 |
|
| Closing balance |
|
18,320 |
|
|
17,839 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,805 |
|
|
22,903 |
|
|
60,867 |
|
The Company’s lease activities included the following aspects:
(a)The nature of the Company’s lease activities is related to contracts focused primarily on business operations, mainly rights-of-use to equipment and real estate,
(b)The Company does not estimate any significant future cash outflows that would potentially expose the Company, and these are likewise not reflected in the measurement of lease liabilities, related to concepts such as: (i) Variable lease payments, (ii) Extension options and termination options, (iii) Guaranteed residual value and (iv) Leases not yet undertaken but committed by the Company.
(c)These are not subject to restrictions or agreements imposed by contracts.
There were no sales transactions with leases later in the period.
13.2 Lease liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Lease liabilities |
|
Current |
|
Non-Current |
|
Current |
|
Non-Current |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Lease liabilities |
|
18,192 |
|
|
56,966 |
|
|
12,149 |
|
|
49,585 |
|
| Total |
|
18,192 |
|
|
56,966 |
|
|
12,149 |
|
|
49,585 |
|
i) Current and non-current lease liabilities
(a) As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, current lease liabilities are analyzed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Contract indexation unit |
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal amounts as of December 31,2023 |
|
Nominal amounts as of December 31,2023 |
| Tax ID No. |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
Supplier |
|
|
|
Up to 90 days |
|
90 days to 1 year |
|
Total |
|
Up to 90 days |
|
90 days to 1 year |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| 93.007.00-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
3.49% |
|
20 |
|
|
46 |
|
|
66 |
|
|
19 |
|
|
46 |
|
|
65 |
|
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Peso |
|
3.02% |
|
344 |
|
|
1,034 |
|
|
1,378 |
|
|
321 |
|
|
977 |
|
|
1,298 |
|
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.54% |
|
1,492 |
|
|
4,040 |
|
|
5,532 |
|
|
1,400 |
|
|
3,718 |
|
|
5,118 |
|
| 79.947.100-0 |
|
SQM Industrial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.58% |
|
726 |
|
|
1,863 |
|
|
2,589 |
|
|
645 |
|
|
1,640 |
|
|
2,285 |
|
| 96.592.190-7 |
|
SQM Nitratos S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
3.49% |
|
18 |
|
|
43 |
|
|
61 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
42 |
|
|
60 |
|
| 79.768.170-9 |
|
Soquimich Comercial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.97% |
|
374 |
|
|
1,123 |
|
|
1,497 |
|
|
336 |
|
|
956 |
|
|
1,292 |
|
| 76.359.919-1 |
|
Orcoma SpA |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Peso |
|
6.16% |
|
2 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
9 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
4 |
|
| 76.359.919-1 |
|
Orcoma SpA |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
6.80% |
|
1 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
3 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Australia Pty |
|
Australia |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Australian dollar |
|
4.93% |
|
725 |
|
|
1,896 |
|
|
2,621 |
|
|
721 |
|
|
1,884 |
|
|
2,605 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Comercial de México S.A. de C.V. |
|
Mexico |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Dollar |
|
3.74% |
|
711 |
|
|
2,131 |
|
|
2,842 |
|
|
633 |
|
|
1,953 |
|
|
2,586 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Comercial de México S.A. de C.V. |
|
Mexico |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Mexican peso |
|
9.73% |
|
262 |
|
|
789 |
|
|
1,051 |
|
|
240 |
|
|
747 |
|
|
987 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Europe N.V. |
|
Belgium |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Euro |
|
1.30% |
|
121 |
|
|
364 |
|
|
485 |
|
|
94 |
|
|
287 |
|
|
381 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM North América Corp. |
|
United States |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Dollar |
|
3.67% |
|
106 |
|
|
267 |
|
|
373 |
|
|
97 |
|
|
244 |
|
|
341 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM África Pty |
|
South Africa |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Rand |
|
9.20% |
|
344 |
|
|
1,007 |
|
|
1,351 |
|
|
267 |
|
|
820 |
|
|
1,087 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Colombia S.A.S. |
|
Colombia |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Colombian peso |
|
2.45% |
|
5 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
22 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
22 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Iberian |
|
Spain |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Euro |
|
3.25% |
|
15 |
|
|
48 |
|
|
63 |
|
|
14 |
|
|
44 |
|
|
58 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,266 |
|
|
14,677 |
|
|
19,943 |
|
|
4,813 |
|
|
13,379 |
|
|
18,192 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Contract indexation unit |
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal amounts as of December 31,2022 |
|
Nominal amounts as of December 31,2022 |
| Tax ID No. |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
Supplier |
|
|
|
Up to 90 days |
|
90 days to 1 year |
|
Total |
|
Up to 90 days |
|
90 days to 1 year |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
3.49% |
|
20 |
|
|
59 |
|
|
79 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
73 |
|
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Peso |
|
2.75% |
|
342 |
|
|
1,027 |
|
|
1,369 |
|
|
311 |
|
|
946 |
|
|
1,257 |
|
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.42% |
|
1,010 |
|
|
2,929 |
|
|
3,939 |
|
|
917 |
|
|
2,700 |
|
|
3,617 |
|
| 79.947.100-0 |
|
SQM Industrial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
3.10% |
|
676 |
|
|
2,027 |
|
|
2,703 |
|
|
577 |
|
|
1,755 |
|
|
2,332 |
|
| 96.592.190-7 |
|
SQM Nitratos S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
3.49% |
|
18 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
73 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
52 |
|
|
69 |
|
| 79.768.170-9 |
|
Soquimich Comercial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.94% |
|
342 |
|
|
886 |
|
|
1,228 |
|
|
306 |
|
|
790 |
|
|
1,096 |
|
| 76.359.919-1 |
|
Orcoma SpA |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Peso |
|
6.80% |
|
2 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
9 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
6 |
|
| 76.359.919-1 |
|
Orcoma SpA |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.53% |
|
1 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
5 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Comercial de México S.A. de C.V. |
|
Mexico |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Dollar |
|
3.45% |
|
99 |
|
|
296 |
|
|
395 |
|
|
86 |
|
|
264 |
|
|
350 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Comercial de México S.A. de C.V. |
|
Mexico |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Mexican peso |
|
7.84% |
|
27 |
|
|
62 |
|
|
89 |
|
|
25 |
|
|
60 |
|
|
85 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Europe N.V. |
|
Belgium |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Euro |
|
1.30% |
|
102 |
|
|
306 |
|
|
408 |
|
|
96 |
|
|
290 |
|
|
386 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM North América Corp. |
|
United States |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Dollar |
|
2.90% |
|
102 |
|
|
308 |
|
|
410 |
|
|
91 |
|
|
279 |
|
|
370 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Australia PTY |
|
Australia |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Australian dollar |
|
4.42% |
|
807 |
|
|
2,355 |
|
|
3,162 |
|
|
648 |
|
|
1,798 |
|
|
2,446 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Colombia S.A.S. |
|
Colombia |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Colombian peso |
|
1.38% |
|
5 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
22 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
22 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM África Pty |
|
South Africa |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Rand |
|
8.51% |
|
12 |
|
|
36 |
|
|
48 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
27 |
|
|
35 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,565 |
|
|
10,374 |
|
|
13,939 |
|
|
3,108 |
|
|
9,041 |
|
|
12,149 |
|
(b) As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the non-current lease liabilities are analyzed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Contract indexation unit |
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal amounts as of December 31,2023 |
|
Amounts at amortized cost as of December 31, 2023 |
| Tax ID No. |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
Supplier |
|
|
|
1-2 Years |
|
2-3 Years |
|
3-4 Years |
|
Total |
|
1-2 Years |
|
2-3 Years |
|
3-4 Years |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Peso |
|
2.61% |
|
1,176 |
|
|
1,079 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2255 |
|
|
1,133 |
|
|
1,064 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2197 |
|
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.88% |
|
6,185 |
|
|
3,728 |
|
|
— |
|
|
9,913 |
|
|
5,901 |
|
|
3,630 |
|
|
— |
|
|
9,531 |
|
| 79.947.100-0 |
|
SQM Industrial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.06% |
|
3,799 |
|
|
5,594 |
|
|
311 |
|
|
9,704 |
|
|
3,348 |
|
|
5,312 |
|
|
310 |
|
|
8,970 |
|
| 79.768.170-9 |
|
Soquimich Comercial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.97% |
|
1,844 |
|
|
969 |
|
|
181 |
|
|
2,994 |
|
|
2,020 |
|
|
938 |
|
|
173 |
|
|
3,131 |
|
| 76.359.919-1 |
|
Orcoma SpA |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Peso |
|
6.80% |
|
18 |
|
|
26 |
|
|
37 |
|
|
81 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
12 |
|
|
41 |
|
|
61 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM North América Corp. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Dollar |
|
4.99% |
|
524 |
|
|
265 |
|
|
— |
|
|
789 |
|
|
484 |
|
|
260 |
|
|
— |
|
|
744 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Comercial de México S.A. de C.V. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Mexican Peso |
|
6.79% |
|
91 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
91 |
|
|
90 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
90 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Comercial de México S.A. de C.V. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Dollar |
|
5.25% |
|
3,197 |
|
|
1,131 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,328 |
|
|
3,040 |
|
|
1,105 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,145 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Australia Pty |
|
Mexico |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Australian dollar |
|
4.92% |
|
5,624 |
|
|
18,236 |
|
|
— |
|
|
23,860 |
|
|
5,618 |
|
|
16,916 |
|
|
— |
|
|
22,534 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM África Pty |
|
Mexico |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Rand |
|
9.20% |
|
1,276 |
|
|
591 |
|
|
659 |
|
|
2,526 |
|
|
1,182 |
|
|
483 |
|
|
581 |
|
|
2,246 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Colombia S.A.S. |
|
Belgium |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Colombian peso |
|
2.17% |
|
1 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Europe N.V. |
|
United States |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Euro |
|
1.30% |
|
485 |
|
|
485 |
|
|
2,586 |
|
|
3,556 |
|
|
393 |
|
|
405 |
|
|
2,383 |
|
|
3,181 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Iberian |
|
Australia |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Euro |
|
3.25% |
|
61 |
|
|
61 |
|
|
16 |
|
|
138 |
|
|
58 |
|
|
60 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
135 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,281 |
|
|
32,165 |
|
|
3,790 |
|
|
60,236 |
|
|
23,276 |
|
|
30,185 |
|
|
3,505 |
|
|
56,966 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Debtor |
|
Creditor |
|
Contract indexation unit |
|
Effective rate |
|
Nominal amounts as of December 31,2022 |
|
Amounts at amortized cost as of December 31, 2022 |
| Tax ID No. |
|
Company |
|
Country |
|
Supplier |
|
|
|
1-2 Years |
|
2-3 Years |
|
3-4 Years |
|
Total |
|
1-2 Years |
|
2-3 Years |
|
3-4 Years |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| 93.007.000-9 |
|
SQM S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
3.49% |
|
66 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
66 |
|
|
65 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
65 |
|
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Peso |
|
3.55% |
|
1,176 |
|
|
1,176 |
|
|
1,078 |
|
|
3,430 |
|
|
1,104 |
|
|
1,133 |
|
|
1,064 |
|
|
3,301 |
|
| 79.626.800-K |
|
SQM Salar S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.86% |
|
5,633 |
|
|
1,605 |
|
|
347 |
|
|
7,585 |
|
|
5,363 |
|
|
1,545 |
|
|
346 |
|
|
7,254 |
|
| 79.947.100-0 |
|
SQM Industrial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
3.10% |
|
4,248 |
|
|
5,595 |
|
|
2,176 |
|
|
12,019 |
|
|
3,696 |
|
|
5,152 |
|
|
2,135 |
|
|
10,983 |
|
| 96.592.190-7 |
|
SQM Nitratos S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
3.49% |
|
61 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
61 |
|
|
60 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
60 |
|
| 79.768.170-9 |
|
Soquimich Comercial S.A. |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.24% |
|
1,774 |
|
|
1,619 |
|
|
261 |
|
|
3,654 |
|
|
1,612 |
|
|
1,545 |
|
|
244 |
|
|
3,401 |
|
| 76.359.919-1 |
|
Orcoma Estudios SpA |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
UF |
|
2.53% |
|
4 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
4 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
3 |
|
| 76.359.919-1 |
|
Orcoma Estudios SpA |
|
Chile |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Peso |
|
6.80% |
|
18 |
|
|
26 |
|
|
46 |
|
|
90 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
11 |
|
|
47 |
|
|
66 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM North América Corp. |
|
United States |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Dollar |
|
3.11% |
|
606 |
|
|
515 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,121 |
|
|
554 |
|
|
498 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,052 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Comercial de México S.A. de C.V. |
|
Mexico |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Mexican Peso |
|
3.45% |
|
789 |
|
|
362 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,151 |
|
|
738 |
|
|
356 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,094 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Australia PTY |
|
Australia |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Australian dollar |
|
4.28% |
|
3,955 |
|
|
5,584 |
|
|
23,894 |
|
|
33,433 |
|
|
3,023 |
|
|
1,619 |
|
|
16,102 |
|
|
20,744 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Colombia S.A.S. |
|
Colombia |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Colombian peso |
|
1.90% |
|
18 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
18 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
18 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM África Pty |
|
South Africa |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Rand |
|
8.51% |
|
12 |
|
|
36 |
|
|
48 |
|
|
96 |
|
|
82 |
|
|
42 |
|
|
— |
|
|
124 |
|
| Foreign |
|
SQM Europe N.V. |
|
Belgium |
|
Contract supplier |
|
Euro |
|
1.30% |
|
888 |
|
|
564 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,452 |
|
|
861 |
|
|
559 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,420 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,248 |
|
|
17,082 |
|
|
27,850 |
|
|
64,180 |
|
|
17,187 |
|
|
12,460 |
|
|
19,938 |
|
|
49,585 |
|
Other lease disclosures
Total lease expenses related to lease payments that did not qualify under the scope of IFRS 16 were ThUS$ 93,049, ThUS$ 78,880 and ThUS$ 71,897 for the periods ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. See Note 20.8.
Expenses related to variable payments not included in lease liabilities were ThUS$4,700, ThUS$3,631 and ThUS$1,313 for the periods ending December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Income from subleases on right-of-use assets were ThUS$5, ThUS$142 and ThUS$146 as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Payments for contractual operating leases are disclosed in Note 4.2 Liquidity Risk.
Note 14 Intangible assets and goodwill
14.1 Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| As of December 31, 2023 |
| Intangible assets and goodwill |
|
Useful life |
|
Net Value |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
| IT programs |
|
Finite |
|
3,190 |
|
| Mining rights |
|
Finite |
|
134,924 |
|
| Water rights and rights of way |
|
Indefinite |
|
4,909 |
|
| Water rights |
|
Finite |
|
7,580 |
|
| Intellectual property |
|
Finite |
|
5,201 |
|
| Other intangible assets |
|
Finite |
|
70 |
|
| Intangible assets other than goodwill |
|
|
|
155,874 |
|
| Goodwill |
|
Indefinite |
|
958 |
|
| Total Intangible Asset |
|
|
|
156,832 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| As of December 31, 2022 |
| Intangible assets and goodwill |
|
Useful life |
|
Net Value |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
| IT programs |
|
Finite |
|
3,249 |
|
| Mining rights |
|
Finite |
|
140,873 |
|
| Water rights and rights of way |
|
Indefinite |
|
4,909 |
|
| Water rights |
|
Finite |
|
11,369 |
|
| Intellectual property |
|
Finite |
|
5,850 |
|
| Other intangible assets |
|
Finite |
|
86 |
|
| Intangible assets other than goodwill |
|
|
|
166,336 |
|
| Goodwill |
|
Indefinite |
|
967 |
|
| Total Intangible Asset |
|
|
|
167,303 |
|
a) Movements in identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2023:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Movements in identifiable intangible assets |
|
IT programs |
|
Mining rights,
Finite |
|
Water rights,
and rights of
way, Indefinite |
|
Water rights
Finite |
|
Intellectual
property |
|
Other intangible
assets |
|
Goodwill |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| At January 1, 2023 |
|
3,249 |
|
|
140,873 |
|
|
4,909 |
|
|
11,369 |
|
|
5,850 |
|
|
86 |
|
|
967 |
|
|
167,303 |
|
| Additions |
|
197 |
|
|
196 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
15 |
|
|
— |
|
|
408 |
|
| Amortization for the year |
|
(1,451) |
|
|
(4,684) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,789) |
|
|
(649) |
|
|
(28) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(10,601) |
|
| Impairment losses recognized in income for the year (1) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(9) |
|
|
(9) |
|
| Other increases / decreases for foreign currency exchange rates |
|
6 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3) |
|
|
— |
|
|
3 |
|
| Other increases (decreases) |
|
1,189 |
|
|
(1,461) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(272) |
|
| Subtotal |
|
(59) |
|
|
(5,949) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,789) |
|
|
(649) |
|
|
(16) |
|
|
(9) |
|
|
(10,471) |
|
| As of December 31, 2023 |
|
3,190 |
|
|
134,924 |
|
|
4,909 |
|
|
7,580 |
|
|
5,201 |
|
|
70 |
|
|
958 |
|
|
156,832 |
|
| Historical cost |
|
37,849 |
|
|
161,451 |
|
|
7,420 |
|
|
18,000 |
|
|
7,215 |
|
|
2,303 |
|
|
4,492 |
|
|
238,730 |
|
| Accumulated amortization |
|
(34,659) |
|
|
(26,527) |
|
|
(2,511) |
|
|
(10,420) |
|
|
(2,014) |
|
|
(2,233) |
|
|
(3,534) |
|
|
(81,898) |
|
| At January 1, 2022 |
|
3,447 |
|
|
149,532 |
|
|
4,909 |
|
|
15,158 |
|
|
6,481 |
|
|
131 |
|
|
34,596 |
|
|
214,254 |
|
| Additions |
|
349 |
|
|
1,141 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
14 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,504 |
|
| Amortization for the year |
|
(1,039) |
|
|
(8,482) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,789) |
|
|
(476) |
|
|
(59) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(13,845) |
|
| Impairment losses recognized in income for the year (2) |
|
— |
|
|
(1,228) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(33,629) |
|
|
(34,857) |
|
| Other increases / decreases for foreign currency exchange rates |
|
(4) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(155) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(159) |
|
| Other increases (decreases) |
|
496 |
|
|
(90) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
406 |
|
| Subtotal |
|
(198) |
|
|
(8,659) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,789) |
|
|
(631) |
|
|
(45) |
|
|
(33,629) |
|
|
(46,951) |
|
| As of December 31, 2022 |
|
3,249 |
|
|
140,873 |
|
|
4,909 |
|
|
11,369 |
|
|
5,850 |
|
|
86 |
|
|
967 |
|
|
167,303 |
|
| Historical cost |
|
36,457 |
|
|
162,716 |
|
|
7,420 |
|
|
18,000 |
|
|
7,215 |
|
|
2,291 |
|
|
4,501 |
|
|
238,600 |
|
| Accumulated amortization |
|
(33,208) |
|
|
(21,843) |
|
|
(2,511) |
|
|
(6,631) |
|
|
(1,365) |
|
|
(2,205) |
|
|
(3,534) |
|
|
(71,297) |
|
(1)See Note 21.5
(2)A definition made in the fourth quarter of 2022 led to the identification of assets that are not in the company’s long-term business plan. Therefore, the Company recognized impairment for the value of certain intangible assets and associated goodwill in an amount of ThUS$34,149, which are related to the Iodine and Derivatives Cash Generating Unit.
(b) Movements in identifiable goodwill as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated impairment
Movements in identifiable
goodwill |
|
Goodwill at the beginning
of period January 1, 2022 |
|
Additional
recognition |
|
Impairment losses recognized in
income for the year (-) |
|
Total increase
(decrease) |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Iberian S.A. |
|
148 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
148 |
|
| SQM Investment Corporation |
|
86 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
86 |
|
| Soquimich European Holding B.V. (*) |
|
9 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(9) |
|
|
(9) |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Potasio S.A. |
|
724 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
724 |
|
| Ending balance |
|
967 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(9) |
|
|
(9) |
|
|
958 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated impairment
Movements in identifiable
goodwill |
|
Goodwill at the beginning
of period January 1, 2021 |
|
Additional
recognition |
|
Impairment losses recognized in income for the year (-) |
|
Total increase
(decrease) |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM S.A. (*) |
|
22,255 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(22,255) |
|
|
(22,255) |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Iberian S.A. |
|
148 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
148 |
|
| SQM Investment Corporation |
|
86 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
86 |
|
| Soquimich European Holding B.V. (*) |
|
11,383 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(11,374) |
|
|
(11,374) |
|
|
9 |
|
| SQM Potasio S.A. |
|
724 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
724 |
|
| Ending balance |
|
34,596 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(33,629) |
|
|
(33,629) |
|
|
967 |
|
(*)Based on an impairment analysis conducted by management, this goodwill was adjusted for based on the assessment that its partial or total book value is not recoverable.
Note 15 Property, plant and equipment
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the detail of property, plant and equipment is as follows:
15.1 Types of property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Description of types of property, plant and equipment |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Property, plant and equipment, net |
|
|
|
|
| Land |
|
23,481 |
|
|
23,482 |
|
| Buildings |
|
285,487 |
|
|
273,913 |
|
| Other property, plant and equipment |
|
62,739 |
|
|
34,960 |
|
| Transport equipment |
|
9,165 |
|
|
9,487 |
|
| Supplies and accessories |
|
4,139 |
|
|
4,798 |
|
| Office equipment |
|
1,158 |
|
|
1,355 |
|
| Network and communication equipment |
|
1,605 |
|
|
1,872 |
|
| Mining assets |
|
154,715 |
|
|
60,284 |
|
| IT equipment |
|
2,092 |
|
|
3,147 |
|
| Energy generating assets |
|
2,893 |
|
|
3,253 |
|
| Constructions in progress |
|
1,834,041 |
|
|
1,328,508 |
|
| Machinery, plant and equipment |
|
1,228,422 |
|
|
981,779 |
|
| Total |
|
3,609,937 |
|
|
2,726,838 |
|
| Property, plant and equipment, gross |
|
|
|
|
| Land |
|
23,481 |
|
|
23,482 |
|
| Buildings |
|
851,706 |
|
|
803,398 |
|
| Other property, plant and equipment |
|
291,053 |
|
|
250,058 |
|
| Transport equipment |
|
22,143 |
|
|
21,343 |
|
| Supplies and accessories |
|
31,132 |
|
|
29,426 |
|
| Office equipment |
|
13,346 |
|
|
13,141 |
|
| Network and communication equipment |
|
11,644 |
|
|
10,878 |
|
| Mining assets |
|
341,837 |
|
|
230,803 |
|
| IT equipment |
|
29,384 |
|
|
31,197 |
|
| Energy generating assets |
|
38,929 |
|
|
38,540 |
|
| Constructions in progress |
|
1,834,041 |
|
|
1,328,508 |
|
| Machinery, plant and equipment |
|
4,189,794 |
|
|
3,716,440 |
|
| Total |
|
7,678,490 |
|
|
6,497,214 |
|
| Accumulated depreciation and value impairment of property, plant and equipment, total |
|
|
|
|
| Accumulated depreciation and impairment of buildings |
|
(566,219) |
|
|
(529,485) |
|
| Accumulated depreciation and impairment of other property, plant and equipment |
|
(228,314) |
|
|
(215,098) |
|
| Accumulated depreciation and impairment of transport equipment |
|
(12,978) |
|
|
(11,856) |
|
| Accumulated depreciation and impairment of supplies and accessories |
|
(26,993) |
|
|
(24,628) |
|
| Accumulated depreciation and impairment of office equipment |
|
(12,188) |
|
|
(11,786) |
|
| Accumulated depreciation and impairment of network and communication equipment |
|
(10,039) |
|
|
(9,006) |
|
| Accumulated depreciation and impairment of mining assets |
|
(187,122) |
|
|
(170,519) |
|
| Accumulated depreciation and impairment of IT equipment |
|
(27,292) |
|
|
(28,050) |
|
| Accumulated depreciation and impairment of energy generating assets |
|
(36,036) |
|
|
(35,287) |
|
| Accumulated depreciation and impairment of machinery, plant and equipment |
|
(2,961,372) |
|
|
(2,734,661) |
|
| Total |
|
(4,068,553) |
|
|
(3,770,376) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Description of classes of property, plant and equipment |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Property, plant and equipment, net |
|
|
|
|
| Pumps |
|
61,385 |
|
|
32,120 |
|
| Conveyor Belt |
|
16,589 |
|
|
17,135 |
|
| Crystallizer |
|
56,930 |
|
|
48,582 |
|
| Plant Equipment |
|
285,653 |
|
|
163,594 |
|
| Tanks |
|
39,422 |
|
|
25,923 |
|
| Filter |
|
69,246 |
|
|
47,976 |
|
| Electrical equipment/facilities |
|
110,255 |
|
|
110,275 |
|
| Other Property, Plant & Equipment |
|
68,967 |
|
|
112,628 |
|
| Site Closure |
|
40,696 |
|
|
36,673 |
|
| Piping |
|
142,013 |
|
|
107,481 |
|
| Well |
|
156,621 |
|
|
177,708 |
|
| Pond |
|
34,957 |
|
|
41,729 |
|
| Spare Parts (1) |
|
145,688 |
|
|
59,955 |
|
| Total |
|
1,228,422 |
|
|
981,779 |
|
________________________________________________
(1)The reconciliation of the spare parts provisions as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Reconciliation |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Opening balance |
|
52,072 |
|
48,262 |
| Increase in provision |
|
6,528 |
|
3,810 |
| Closing balance |
|
58,600 |
|
52,072 |
15.2 Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment by type:
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment by class as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of changes in property,
plant and equipment by class as of
|
|
Land |
|
Buildings |
|
Other
property,
plant and
equipment
|
|
Transport
equipment
|
|
Supplies
and
accessories
|
|
Equipment
office
|
|
Network and
communication
equipment
|
|
Mining
assets
|
|
IT
equipment
|
|
Energy
generating
assets
|
|
Assets
under
construction
|
|
Machinery,
plant and
equipment
|
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| At January 1, 2023 |
|
23,482 |
|
|
273,913 |
|
|
34,960 |
|
|
9,487 |
|
|
4,798 |
|
|
1,355 |
|
|
1,872 |
|
|
60,284 |
|
|
3,147 |
|
|
3,253 |
|
|
1,328,508 |
|
|
981,779 |
|
|
2,726,838 |
|
| Additions |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
545 |
|
|
— |
|
|
52 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
208 |
|
|
— |
|
|
207 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,091,840 |
|
|
2,347 |
|
|
1,095,207 |
|
| Disposals |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(17) |
|
|
(18) |
|
| Depreciation for the year |
|
— |
|
|
(37,315) |
|
|
(13,337) |
|
|
(1,155) |
|
|
(1,809) |
|
|
(230) |
|
|
(670) |
|
|
(16,603) |
|
|
(890) |
|
|
(749) |
|
|
|
|
(179,989) |
|
|
(252,747) |
|
| Impairment (2) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(47,059) |
|
|
(47,059) |
|
| Increase (decrease) in foreign currency translation difference |
|
(6) |
|
|
(7) |
|
|
(35) |
|
|
(1) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(7) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(39) |
|
|
(98) |
|
| Reclassifications |
|
— |
|
|
48,677 |
|
|
40,657 |
|
|
801 |
|
|
1,099 |
|
|
31 |
|
|
195 |
|
|
111,059 |
|
|
(447) |
|
|
389 |
|
|
(588,635) |
|
|
386,174 |
|
|
— |
|
| Other increases (decreases) (1) |
|
5 |
|
|
219 |
|
|
(51) |
|
|
33 |
|
|
(1) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(25) |
|
|
79 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,328 |
|
|
85,226 |
|
|
87,814 |
|
| Decreases for classification as held for sale |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Subtotal |
|
(1) |
|
|
11,574 |
|
|
27,779 |
|
|
(322) |
|
|
(659) |
|
|
(197) |
|
|
(267) |
|
|
94,431 |
|
|
(1,055) |
|
|
(360) |
|
|
505,533 |
|
|
246,643 |
|
|
883,099 |
|
| As of December 31, 2023 |
|
23,481 |
|
|
285,487 |
|
|
62,739 |
|
|
9,165 |
|
|
4,139 |
|
|
1,158 |
|
|
1,605 |
|
|
154,715 |
|
|
2,092 |
|
|
2,893 |
|
|
1,834,041 |
|
|
1,228,422 |
|
|
3,609,937 |
|
| Historical cost |
|
23,481 |
|
|
851,706 |
|
|
291,053 |
|
|
22,143 |
|
|
31,132 |
|
|
13,346 |
|
|
11,644 |
|
|
341,837 |
|
|
29,384 |
|
|
38,929 |
|
|
1,834,041 |
|
|
4,189,794 |
|
|
7,678,490 |
|
| Accumulated depreciation |
|
— |
|
|
(566,219) |
|
|
(228,314) |
|
|
(12,978) |
|
|
(26,993) |
|
|
(12,188) |
|
|
(10,039) |
|
|
(187,122) |
|
|
(27,292) |
|
|
(36,036) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,961,372) |
|
|
(4,068,553) |
|
| At January 1, 2022 |
|
23,507 |
|
|
270,563 |
|
|
32,846 |
|
|
2,463 |
|
|
5,556 |
|
|
1,386 |
|
|
1,359 |
|
|
38,241 |
|
|
3,570 |
|
|
3,970 |
|
|
731,787 |
|
|
896,977 |
|
|
2,012,225 |
|
| Additions |
|
— |
|
|
495 |
|
|
425 |
|
|
146 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
152 |
|
|
— |
|
|
270 |
|
|
— |
|
|
922,690 |
|
|
7,194 |
|
|
931,383 |
|
| Disposals |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(19) |
|
|
(19) |
|
| Depreciation for the year |
|
— |
|
|
(32,915) |
|
|
(8,691) |
|
|
(962) |
|
|
(1,400) |
|
|
(248) |
|
|
(788) |
|
|
(12,871) |
|
|
(1,256) |
|
|
(717) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(158,865) |
|
|
(218,713) |
|
| Impairment (2) |
|
— |
|
|
(156) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(7,928) |
|
|
(8,084) |
|
| Increase (decrease) in foreign currency translation difference |
|
(5) |
|
|
(7) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(20) |
|
|
(33) |
|
| Reclassifications |
|
121 |
|
|
37,147 |
|
|
10,449 |
|
|
7,840 |
|
|
726 |
|
|
213 |
|
|
1,149 |
|
|
34,914 |
|
|
582 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(316,994) |
|
|
223,853 |
|
|
— |
|
| Other increases (decreases) (1) |
|
— |
|
|
(1,127) |
|
|
(69) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(88) |
|
|
(2) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(19) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(8,975) |
|
|
20,587 |
|
|
10,307 |
|
| Decreases for classification as held for sale |
|
(141) |
|
|
(87) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(228) |
|
| Subtotal |
|
(25) |
|
|
3,350 |
|
|
2,114 |
|
|
7,024 |
|
|
(758) |
|
|
(31) |
|
|
513 |
|
|
22,043 |
|
|
(423) |
|
|
(717) |
|
|
596,721 |
|
|
84,802 |
|
|
714,613 |
|
| As of December 31, 2022 |
|
23,482 |
|
|
273,913 |
|
|
34,960 |
|
|
9,487 |
|
|
4,798 |
|
|
1,355 |
|
|
1,872 |
|
|
60,284 |
|
|
3,147 |
|
|
3,253 |
|
|
1,328,508 |
|
|
981,779 |
|
|
2,726,838 |
|
| Historical cost |
|
23,482 |
|
|
803,398 |
|
|
250,058 |
|
|
21,343 |
|
|
29,426 |
|
|
13,141 |
|
|
10,878 |
|
|
230,803 |
|
|
31,197 |
|
|
38,540 |
|
|
1,328,508 |
|
|
3,716,440 |
|
|
6,497,214 |
|
| Accumulated depreciation |
|
— |
|
|
(529,485) |
|
|
(215,098) |
|
|
(11,856) |
|
|
(24,628) |
|
|
(11,786) |
|
|
(9,006) |
|
|
(170,519) |
|
|
(28,050) |
|
|
(35,287) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,734,661) |
|
|
(3,770,376) |
|
(1)The net balance of “Other Increases (Decreases)” corresponds to all those items that are reclassified to or from “Property, Plant and Equipment”, They can have the following origin: (i) work in progress which is expensed to the statement of income, forming part of operating costs or other expenses per function, as appropriate; (ii) the variation representing the purchase and use of materials and spare parts; (iii) projects corresponding mainly to exploration expenditures and ground studies that are reclassified to the item other non-current financial assets; (iv) software that is reclassified to “Intangibles (v) Provisions related to the investment plan and assets related to closing the site.
(2)See note 21.5. This impairment corresponds to identified assets identified that will not be used in the operation due to their specific characteristics relating to the iodine and nitrate segments.
15.3 Detail of property, plant and equipment pledged as guarantee
There are no restrictions in title or guarantees for compliance with obligations that affect property, plant and equipment.
15.4 Cost of capitalized interest, property, plant and equipment
The rates and costs for capitalized interest of property, plant and equipment are detailed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Costs of capitalized interest |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Weighted average capitalization rate of capitalized interest costs |
|
5 |
% |
|
4 |
% |
| Amount of interest cost capitalized |
|
43,331 |
|
|
24,708 |
|
Note 16 Other current and non-current non-financial assets
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the detail of “Other Current and Non-current Assets” is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other non-financial assets, current |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Domestic Value Added Tax |
|
63,973 |
|
|
81,361 |
|
| Foreign Value Added Tax |
|
24,889 |
|
|
66,926 |
|
| Prepaid mining licenses |
|
1,299 |
|
|
1,122 |
|
| Prepaid insurance |
|
15,022 |
|
|
33,896 |
|
| Other prepayments |
|
3,204 |
|
|
1,230 |
|
| Refund of Value Added Tax to exporters |
|
19,929 |
|
|
3,020 |
|
| Other taxes |
|
6,142 |
|
|
7,512 |
|
| Other assets |
|
2,292 |
|
|
1,268 |
|
| Total |
|
136,750 |
|
|
196,335 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other non-financial assets, non-current |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Exploration and evaluation expenses |
|
57,458 |
|
|
44,023 |
|
| Guarantee deposits |
|
950 |
|
|
717 |
|
| Foreign VAT (1) |
|
308,084 |
|
— |
| Other non-current assets |
|
7,208 |
|
|
7,656 |
|
| Total |
|
373,700 |
|
|
52,396 |
|
________________________________________________
(1) Value-added taxes to be recovered from the commercial office of SQM Shanghai Chemicals Co. Ltd., where that recovery is expected to take longer than 12 months.
Movements in assets for the exploration and evaluation of mineral resources as of December 31, 2023, and 2022:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Reconciliation |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Opening balance |
|
44,023 |
|
|
26,752 |
|
|
17,883 |
|
| Changes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Additions |
|
12,002 |
|
|
11,341 |
|
|
8,071 |
|
| Reclassifications from/to short-term (inventory) |
|
1,049 |
|
|
(465) |
|
|
83 |
|
| Amortization of ground studies |
|
(2,131) |
|
|
(2,421) |
|
|
(1,360) |
|
| Reclassification from construction in progress |
|
2,515 |
|
|
8,816 |
|
|
2,075 |
|
| Total changes |
|
13,435 |
|
|
17,271 |
|
|
8,869 |
|
| Ending balance (*) |
|
57,458 |
|
|
44,023 |
|
|
26,752 |
|
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, no reevaluations of assets for exploration and assessment of mineral resources have been conducted.
(*) This corresponds to the sum of expenditures for economically feasible exploration and exploration under operation (long-term).
Mineral resource exploration, evaluation and Exploitation expenditure
Given the nature of operations of the Company and the type of exploration it undertakes, disbursements for exploration can be found in 4 stages: Execution, economically feasible, not economically feasible and in exploitation:
(a)Not economically feasible: Exploration and evaluation disbursements, once finalized and concluded to be not economically feasible, will be charged to income. As of December 31, 2023, and 2022 there were no disbursements for this concept.
(b)Execution: Disbursements for exploration and evaluation under implementation and therefore prior to determination of economic feasibility, are presented as part of property, plant and equipment as constructions in progress.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Explorations in execution |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Chile |
|
9,062 |
|
|
3,699 |
|
| Total |
|
9,062 |
|
|
3,699 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Conciliation of explorations in execution |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Opening balance |
|
3,699 |
|
|
1,000 |
|
| Disbursements |
|
6,095 |
|
|
4,227 |
|
| Reclassifications |
|
(732) |
|
|
(1,528) |
|
| Total changes |
|
5,363 |
|
|
2,699 |
|
| Total |
|
9,062 |
|
|
3,699 |
|
(c)Economically feasible: Reimbursements for exploration and evaluation whose study concluded that its economic viability is viable are classified in “Other non-financial assets, non-current.”
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Prospecting |
|
Type of Exploration |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Chile (1) |
|
Metallic/Non-Metallic |
|
50,844 |
|
|
36,327 |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
50,844 |
|
|
36,327 |
|
________________________________________________
(1)The value presented for Chile is composed as of December 2023 of ThUS 13,803 corresponding to non-metallic exploration and evaluation and ThUS$ 37,041 associated with metallic exploration. In December 2022, the amounts of non-metallic and metallic exploration were ThUS$ 11,417 ThUS$24,910.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Prospecting conciliation |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Opening balance |
|
36,327 |
|
|
18,154 |
|
| Additions |
|
12,002 |
|
|
11,341 |
|
| Reclassifications from Exploration in execution – Chile |
|
2,515 |
|
|
8,864 |
|
| Reclassifications to Exploration in Exploitation-Chile |
|
— |
|
|
(2,032) |
|
| Total changes |
|
14,517 |
|
|
18,173 |
|
| Total |
|
50,844 |
|
|
36,327 |
|
(d)In Exploitation: Caliche exploration disbursements that are found in this area are amortized based on the material exploited, the portion that is expected to be exploited in the following 12 months is presented as “Current Assets” in the “Inventories in process” and the remaining portion is classified as “Other Non-current Non-Financial Assets”.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Short-Term Exploitation Conciliation |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Opening balance |
|
1,700 |
|
|
1,235 |
|
| Amortization of ground studies |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Reclasifications from/to short term (inventories) |
|
(1,049) |
|
|
465 |
|
| Total changes |
|
(1,049) |
|
|
465 |
|
| Total |
|
651 |
|
|
1,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Long-Term Exploitation Conciliation |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Opening balance |
|
7,696 |
|
|
8,598 |
|
| Amortization of ground studies |
|
(2,131) |
|
|
(2,421) |
|
| Reclasifications from/to short term (inventories) |
|
1,049 |
|
|
1,519 |
|
| Total changes |
|
(1,082) |
|
|
(902) |
|
| Total |
|
6,614 |
|
|
7,696 |
|
Note 17 Employee benefits
17.1 Provisions for employee benefits
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Classes of benefits and expenses by employee |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Current |
|
|
|
|
| Profit sharing and bonuses |
|
— |
|
|
2,270 |
|
| Performance bonus and operational targets |
|
23,946 |
|
|
33,106 |
|
| Total |
|
23,946 |
|
|
35,376 |
|
| Non-current |
|
|
|
|
| Profit sharing and bonuses |
|
18,428 |
|
|
8,973 |
|
| Severance indemnity payments |
|
43,578 |
|
|
34,899 |
|
| Total |
|
62,006 |
|
|
43,872 |
|
17.2 Policies on defined benefit plan
This policy is applied to all benefits received for services provided by the Company’s employees. This is divided as follows:
a)Short-term benefits for active employees are represented by salaries, social welfare benefits, paid time off, sickness and other types of leave, profit sharing and incentives and non-monetary benefits; e.g., healthcare service, housing, subsidized or free goods or services. These will be paid in a term which does not exceed twelve months. The Company maintains incentive programs for its employees, which are calculated based on the net result at the close of each period by applying a factor obtained from an evaluation based on their personal performance, the Company’s performance and other short-term and long-term indicators.
b)Staff severance indemnities are agreed and payable based on the final salary, calculated in accordance with each year of service to the Company, with certain maximum limits in respect of either the number of years or in monetary terms. In general, this benefit is payable when the employee or worker ceases to provide his/her services to the Company and there are a number of different circumstances through which a person can be eligible for it, as indicated in the respective agreements; e.g. retirement, dismissal, voluntary retirement, incapacity or disability, death, etc. See Note 17.3.
c)Obligations after employee retirement, described in Note 17.4.
d)Retention bonuses for a group of Company executives, described in Note 17.6.
17.3 Other long-term benefits
The actuarial assessment method has been used to calculate the Company’s obligations with respect to staff severance indemnities, which relate to defined benefit plans consisting of days of remuneration per year served at the time of retirement under conditions agreed in the respective agreements established between the Company and its employees.
Under this benefit plan, the Company retains the obligation to pay staff severance indemnities related to retirement, without establishing a separate fund with specific assets, which is referred to as not funded.
Benefit payment conditions
The staff severance indemnity benefit relates to remuneration days for years worked for the Company without a limit being imposed in regard of amount of salary or years of service. It applies when employees cease to work for the Company because they are made redundant or in the event of their death. This benefit is applicable up to a maximum age of 65 for men and 60 for women, which are the usual retirement ages according to the Chilean pensions system as established in Decree Law 3,500 of 1980.
Methodology
The determination of the defined benefit obligation is made under the requirements of IAS 19 “Employee benefits”.
17.4 Post-employment benefit obligations
Our subsidiary SQM NA, together with its employees established a pension plan until 2002 called the “SQM North America Retirement Income Plan”. This obligation is calculated measuring the expected future forecast staff severance indemnity obligation using a net salary gradual rate of restatements for inflation, mortality and turnover assumptions, discounting the resulting amounts at present value using the interest rate defined by the authorities.
For workers under contract, since 2003, SQM NA offers benefits related to pension plans based on the 401-K system to its employees, which does not generate obligations for the Company.
A settlement was reflected in the last quarter of 2023 for the purchase of annuities by the pension plan for all inactive participants.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Reconciliation Changes in the benefit obligation |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Benefit obligation at the beginning of the year |
|
279 |
|
|
9,550 |
|
|
9,864 |
|
| Current cost of service |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Interest cost |
|
12 |
|
|
255 |
|
|
240 |
|
| Actuarial loss |
|
180 |
|
|
(1,357) |
|
|
(135) |
|
| Settlement |
|
— |
|
|
(7,739) |
|
|
— |
|
| Benefits paid |
|
(185) |
|
|
(430) |
|
|
(419) |
|
| Total |
|
286 |
|
|
279 |
|
|
9,550 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation
Changes in plan assets |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Fair value of plan assets at the start of the year |
|
4,982 |
|
|
13,497 |
|
|
12,888 |
|
| Real return (loss) in the plan assets |
|
584 |
|
|
(346) |
|
|
1,028 |
|
| Benefits paid |
|
(185) |
|
|
(430) |
|
|
(419) |
|
| Settlement |
|
— |
|
|
(7,739) |
|
|
— |
|
| Fair value of plan assets at the end of the year |
|
5,381 |
|
|
4,982 |
|
|
13,497 |
|
| Non-current-assets |
|
5,095 |
|
|
4,703 |
|
|
3,947 |
|
| Elements not yet recognized as components of the cost of periodic net pensions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net actuarial income at the beginning of the year |
|
59 |
|
|
1,039 |
|
|
192 |
|
| Settlement |
|
— |
|
|
(1,627) |
|
|
— |
|
| Gain |
|
190 |
|
|
647 |
|
|
847 |
|
| Adjustment to recognize the minimum pension obligation |
|
249 |
|
|
59 |
|
|
1,039 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cost of service or benefits received during the year |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Financial cost |
|
12 |
|
|
255 |
|
|
240 |
|
| Real loss in plan assets |
|
(214) |
|
|
(363) |
|
|
(316) |
|
| Settlement |
|
— |
|
|
(1,627) |
|
|
— |
|
| Net periodic pension expenses |
|
(202) |
|
|
(1,735) |
|
|
(76) |
|
17.5 Staff severance indemnities
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, severance indemnities calculated at the actuarial value are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Staff severance indemnities |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Opening balance |
|
(34,899) |
|
|
(27,099) |
|
|
(32,199) |
|
| Current cost of service |
|
(4,624) |
|
|
(4,204) |
|
|
(4,978) |
|
| Interest cost |
|
(2,236) |
|
|
(1,928) |
|
|
(1,303) |
|
| Actuarial gain loss |
|
(5,947) |
|
|
(5,305) |
|
|
3,999 |
|
| Exchange rate difference |
|
769 |
|
|
551 |
|
|
4,971 |
|
| Benefits paid during the year |
|
3,359 |
|
|
3,086 |
|
|
2,411 |
|
| Total |
|
(43,578) |
|
|
(34,899) |
|
|
(27,099) |
|
(a) Actuarial assumptions
The liability recorded for staff severance indemnity is valued at the actuarial value method, using the following actuarial assumptions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Actuarial assumptions |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
Annual/Years |
| Mortality rate |
|
RV - 2020/CB - 2020 |
|
RV - 2014 |
|
RV - 2014 |
|
|
| Discount interest rate |
|
5.32% |
|
5.12% |
|
5.67% |
|
|
| Inflation rate |
|
3.00% |
|
3.41% |
|
3.20% |
|
|
| Voluntary retirement rate: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Men |
|
3.82 |
% |
|
6.49 |
% |
|
6.49 |
% |
|
Annual |
| Women |
|
3.82 |
% |
|
6.49 |
% |
|
6.49 |
% |
|
Annual |
| Salary increase |
|
4.01 |
% |
|
3.00 |
% |
|
3.00 |
% |
|
Annual |
| Retirement age: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Men |
|
65 |
|
65 |
|
65 |
|
Years |
| Women |
|
60 |
|
60 |
|
60 |
|
Years |
(b) Sensitivity analysis of assumptions
As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company has conducted a sensitivity analysis of the main assumptions of the actuarial calculation, determining the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sensitivity analysis as of December 31, 2023 |
|
Effect + 100 basis
points |
|
Effect - 100 basis
points |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Discount rate |
|
(2,575) |
|
|
2,898 |
|
| Employee turnover rate |
|
(338) |
|
|
378 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sensitivity analysis as of December 31, 2022 |
|
Effect + 100 basis
points |
|
Effect - 100 basis
points |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Discount rate |
|
(2,090) |
|
|
2,352 |
|
| Employee turnover rate |
|
(274) |
|
|
307 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sensitivity analysis as of December 31, 2021 |
|
Effect + 100 basis
points |
|
Effect - 100 basis
points |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Discount rate |
|
(1,614) |
|
|
1,817 |
|
| Employee turnover rate |
|
(212) |
|
|
237 |
|
Sensitivity relates to an increase/decrease of 100 basis points.
17.6 Executive compensation plan
The Company currently has a compensation plan with the purpose of motivating the Company’s executives and encouraging them to remain with the Company. There are two compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2023:
I)Share-based compensation plan
(a) Plan characteristics
This compensation plan is paid in cash.
(b) Plan participants and payment dates
A total of 41 Company executives are entitled to this benefit, provided they remain with the Company until year end of 2025. The payment dates, where relevant, will be during the first quarter of 2026.
This compensation plan was approved by the Board and was first applied on January 1, 2022. The liability related to this compensation plan amounts to ThUS$18,428 and ThUS$ 8,495 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The income statement was charged with ThUS$9,933 and ThUS$8,495 during the periods ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
II)Share-based compensation plan
The share-based compensation plan was approved by the Board and included 188,740 shares. The effects on the statement of income correspond to an expense of ThUS$ 2,251 and ThUS$ 5,978 for the years ended 2022 and 2021.
During the first quarter of 2023, the remaining balance of this plan, which ended on December 31, 2022, was paid in the amount of ThUS$ 2,390.
Note 18 Provisions and other non-financial liabilities
18.1 Types of provisions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Types of provisions |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Total |
|
Current |
|
Non-current |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Provision for legal complaints (1) |
|
106 |
|
1,195 |
|
1,301 |
|
52,106 |
|
1,603 |
|
53,709 |
| Provision for dismantling, restoration and rehabilitation cost (2) |
|
— |
|
58,459 |
|
58,459 |
|
— |
|
53,995 |
|
53,995 |
| Other provisions (3) |
|
392,216 |
|
796 |
|
393,012 |
|
1,251,040 |
|
2,455 |
|
1,253,495 |
| Total |
|
392,322 |
|
60,450 |
|
452,772 |
|
1,303,146 |
|
58,053 |
|
1,361,199 |
________________________________________________
(1)These provisions correspond to legal processes that are pending resolution or that have not yet been disbursed, these provisions are mainly related to litigation involving the subsidiaries located in Chile, Brazil and the United States (see note 20.1).
(2)Sernageomin commitments for the restoration of the location of the production sites have been incorporated. This cost value is calculated at discounted present value, using flows associated with plans with an evaluation horizon that fluctuates between 8 and 25 years for potassium-lithium operations and 11 to 22 years for nitrate-iodine operations. The rates used to discount future cash flows are based on market rates for the aforementioned terms.
(3)See Note 18.2.
18.2 Description of other provisions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current provisions, other short-term provisions |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Rent under Lease contract (1) |
|
354,205 |
|
|
1,189,326 |
|
| Provision for additional tax related to foreign loans |
|
1,641 |
|
|
1,085 |
|
| End of agreement bonus |
|
6,979 |
|
|
35,819 |
|
| Other bonuses to workers |
|
6,933 |
|
— |
| Directors’ per diem allowance |
|
4,676 |
|
|
4,250 |
|
| Miscellaneous provisions |
|
17,782 |
|
|
20,560 |
|
| Total |
|
392,216 |
|
|
1,251,040 |
|
________________________________________________
(1)Payment Obligations for the lease contract with CORFO: These correspond to obligations assumed in the Lease Agreement. Our subsidiary SQM Salar holds exclusive rights to exploit the mineral resources in an area covering
approximately 140,000 hectares of land in the Salar de Atacama in northern Chile, of which SQM Salar is only entitled to exploit the mineral resources in 81,920 hectares. These rights are owned by Corfo and leased to SQM Salar pursuant to the Lease Agreement. Corfo cannot unilaterally amend the Lease Agreement and the Project Agreement, and the rights to exploit the resources cannot be transferred. The Lease Agreement establishes that SQM Salar is responsible for making quarterly lease payments to Corfo according to specified percentages of the value of production of minerals extracted from the Salar de Atacama brines, maintaining Corfo’s rights over the Mining Exploitation Concessions and making annual payments to the Chilean government for such concession rights. The Lease Agreement was entered into in 1993 and expires on December 31, 2030. On January 17, 2018, SQM and CORFO reached an agreement to end an arbitration process directed by the arbitrator, Mr. Héctor Humeres Noguer, in case 1954-2014 of the Arbitration and Mediation Center of Santiago Chamber of Commerce and other cases related to it.
The agreement signed in January 2018, includes important amendments to the lease agreement and project agreement signed between CORFO and SQM in 1993. The main modifications became effective on April 10, 2018 and require (i) higher lease payments as a result of increased lease rates associated with the sale of the different products produced in the Salar de Atacama, including lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and potassium chloride; (ii) SQM Salar commits to contribute between US$10.8 and US$18.9 million per year to research and development efforts, between US$10 and US$15 million per year to the communities near the Salar de Atacama basin, and to annually contribute 1.7% of SQM Salar’s total annual sales to regional development; (iii) Corfo authorization for CCHEN to establish a total production and sales limit for lithium products produced in the Salar de Atacama of up to 349,553 metric tons of lithium metal equivalent (1,860,671 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent), which is in addition to the approximately 64,816 metric tons of lithium metal equivalent (345,015 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent) remaining from the originally authorized amount; (iv) provisions relating to the return of real estate and movable property leased to Corfo, the transfer of environmental permits to Corfo at no cost and the granting of purchase options to Corfo for production facilities and water rights in the Salar de Atacama upon termination of Corfo agreements; and (v) prohibitions on the sale of lithium brine extracted from leased mining concessions.
The fee structure is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Price US$/MT Li2CO3 |
|
Lease payment rate |
$0 - $4,000 |
|
6.8 |
% |
Over $4,000 - $5,000 |
|
8.0 |
% |
Over $5,000 - $6,000 |
|
10.0 |
% |
Over $6,000 - $7,000 |
|
17.0 |
% |
Over $7,000 - $10,000 |
|
25.0 |
% |
Over $10,000 |
|
40.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Price US$/MT LiOH |
|
Lease payment rate |
$0 - $5,000 |
|
6.8 |
% |
Over $5,000 - $6,000 |
|
8.0 |
% |
Over $6,000 - $7,000 |
|
10.0 |
% |
Over $7,000- $10,000 |
|
17.0 |
% |
Over $10,000 - $12,000 |
|
25.0 |
% |
Over $12,000 |
|
40.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Price US$/MT KCl |
|
Lease payment rate |
$0 - $300 |
|
3.0 |
% |
Over $300 - $400 |
|
7.0 |
% |
Over $400 - $500 |
|
10.0 |
% |
Over $500 - $600 |
|
15.0 |
% |
Over $600 |
|
20.0 |
% |
The Lease Agreement and the Project Agreement are subject to early termination in the case of certain default events. Under these, Corfo is obliged to use its best efforts to initiate a public bidding process or the corresponding contracting procedure for the execution of an act or contract for the exploitation of the OMA mining properties currently leased by SQM no later than June 30, 2027, and to resolve it no later than July 30, 2029.
18.3 Changes in provisions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Description of items that gave rise to variations
as of December 31, 2023 |
|
Legal complaints |
|
Provision for
dismantling,
restoration and
rehabilitation cost |
|
Other provisions |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Total provisions, initial balance |
|
53,709 |
|
|
53,995 |
|
|
1,253,495 |
|
|
1,361,199 |
|
| Changes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Additional provisions |
|
266 |
|
|
12,127 |
|
|
1,922,666 |
|
|
1,935,059 |
|
| Provision used |
|
(52,707) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,771,422) |
|
|
(2,824,129) |
|
| Increase (decrease) in foreign currency exchange |
|
33 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(871) |
|
|
(838) |
|
| Others |
|
— |
|
|
(7,663) |
|
|
(10,856) |
|
|
(18,519) |
|
| Total Increase (decreases) |
|
(52,408) |
|
|
4,464 |
|
|
(860,483) |
|
|
(908,427) |
|
| Total |
|
1,301 |
|
|
58,459 |
|
|
393,012 |
|
|
452,772 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Description of items that gave rise to variations
as of December 31, 2022 |
|
Legal complaints |
|
Provision for
dismantling,
restoration and
rehabilitation cost |
|
Other provisions |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Total provisions, initial balance |
|
49,741 |
|
|
58,592 |
|
|
270,371 |
|
|
378,704 |
|
| Changes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Additional provisions |
|
3,981 |
|
|
7,085 |
|
|
3,045,758 |
|
|
3,056,824 |
|
| Provision used |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,060,321) |
|
|
(2,060,321) |
|
| Increase (decrease) in foreign currency exchange |
|
(1) |
|
|
(35) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
(32) |
|
| Others |
|
(12) |
|
|
(11,647) |
|
|
(2,317) |
|
|
(13,976) |
|
| Total Increase (decreases) |
|
3,968 |
|
|
(4,597) |
|
|
983,124 |
|
|
982,495 |
|
| Total |
|
53,709 |
|
|
53,995 |
|
|
1,253,495 |
|
|
1,361,199 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Description of items that gave rise to variations
as of December 31, 2021 |
|
Legal complaints |
|
Provision for
dismantling,
restoration and
rehabilitation cost |
|
Other provisions |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Total provisions, initial balance |
|
10,165 |
|
|
61,265 |
|
|
95,353 |
|
|
166,783 |
|
| Changes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Additional provisions |
|
48,012 |
|
|
7,302 |
|
|
232,254 |
|
|
287,568 |
|
| Provision used |
|
(8,399) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(56,959) |
|
|
(65,358) |
|
| Increase (decrease) in foreign currency exchange |
|
(37) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(35) |
|
|
(72) |
|
| Others |
|
— |
|
|
(9,975) |
|
|
(242) |
|
|
(10,217) |
|
| Total Increase (decreases) |
|
39,576 |
|
|
(2,673) |
|
|
175,018 |
|
|
211,921 |
|
| Total |
|
49,741 |
|
|
58,592 |
|
|
270,371 |
|
|
378,704 |
|
18.4 Other non-financial liabilities, Current
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Description of other liabilities |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Tax withholdings |
|
8,750 |
|
|
46,518 |
|
| VAT payable |
|
33,782 |
|
|
43,439 |
|
| Guarantees received |
|
1,021 |
|
|
743 |
|
| Accrual for dividend |
|
67,219 |
|
|
7,370 |
|
| Monthly tax provisional payments |
|
26,160 |
|
|
289,326 |
|
| Deferred income |
|
4,144 |
|
|
19,341 |
|
| Withholdings from employees and salaries payable |
|
9,333 |
|
|
7,242 |
|
| Accrued vacations |
|
35,902 |
|
|
29,642 |
|
| Other current liabilities |
|
994 |
|
|
2,856 |
|
| Total |
|
187,305 |
|
|
446,477 |
|
Note 19 Disclosures on equity
The detail and movements in the funds of equity accounts are shown in the consolidated statement of changes in equity.
19.1 Capital management
The main object of capital management relative to the administration of the Company’s financial debt and equity is to ensure the regular conduct of operations and business continuity in the long term, with the constant intention of maintaining an adequate level of liquidity and in compliance with the financial safeguards established in the debt contracts in force. Within this framework, decisions are made in order to maximize the value of the company.
Capital management must comply with, among others, the limits contemplated in the Financing Policy approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting, which establish a maximum consolidated indebtedness level of 1 times the debt to equity ratio. This limit can be exceeded only if the Company’s management has first obtained express approval at an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting.
The Company’s management controls capital management based on the following ratios:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Capital Management |
|
As of December 31,
2023 |
|
As of December 31,
2022 |
|
Description (1) |
|
Calculation (1) |
| Net Financial Debt/cash (ThUS$) |
|
2,086,717 |
|
|
(721,980) |
|
|
Financial Debt – Financial Resources |
|
Other current Financial Liabilities + Other Non-Current Financial Liabilities– Cash and Cash Equivalents – Other Current Financial Assets – Hedging Assets, non-current |
| Liquidity |
|
2.33 |
|
|
2.29 |
|
|
Current Assets divided by Current Liabilities |
|
Total Current Assets / Total Current Liabilities |
| ROE |
|
20.78 % |
|
79.37 % |
|
Net income the year divided by Total Equity |
|
Net income the year / Equity |
| Adjusted EBITDA (ThUS$) |
|
3,180,071 |
|
|
5,838,439 |
|
|
Adjusted EBITDA |
|
EBITDA – Other income – Other gains (losses) - Share of Profit of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method + Other expenses by function + Net impairment gains on reversal (losses) of financial assets – Finance income – Currency differences. |
| EBITDA (ThUS$) |
|
3,226,202 |
|
|
5,817,605 |
|
|
EBITDA |
|
Net income + Depreciation and Amortization Expense adjustments + Finance Costs + Income Tax |
| ROA |
|
35.90 % |
|
78.61 % |
|
Adjusted EBITDA – Depreciation divided by Total Assets net of financial resources less related parties’ investments |
|
(Gross Profit – Administrative Expenses)/ (Total Assets – Cash and Cash Equivalents – Other Current Financial Assets – Other Non-Current Financial Assets – Equity accounted Investments) (LTM) |
| Indebtedness |
|
0.47 |
|
|
(0.15) |
|
|
Net Financial Debt on Equity |
|
Net Financial Debt / Total Equity |
The Company’s capital requirements change according to variables such as: working capital needs, new investment financing and dividends, among others. The SQM Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments bases on the predominant economic conditions so as to mitigate the risks associated with adverse market conditions and take advantage of the opportunities there may be to improve the liquidity position of the SQM Group.
There have been no changes in the capital management objectives or policy within the years reported in this document, no breaches of external requirements of capital imposed have been recorded. There are no contractual capital investment commitments.
19.2 Operational restrictions and financial limits
Bond issuance contracts in the local market require the Company to maintain a Total Borrowing Ratio no higher than 1 for Series H, Series O and Series Q bonds, calculated over the last consecutive 12 months.
Capital management must ensure that the Borrowing Ratio remains below 1.0, with respect to the Series H, Series O and Series Q bonds. As of December 31, 2023 this ratio was 0.47.
The financial restrictions with respect to the bonds issued by the Company for the periods ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial restrictions |
| As of December 31, 2023 |
|
Financial
restrictions |
|
Financial
restrictions |
|
Financial
restrictions |
|
Financial
restrictions |
| Instrument with restriction |
|
Bonds |
|
Bonds |
|
Bonds |
|
Bank loans |
| Reporting party or subsidiary restriction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Creditor |
|
Bondholders |
|
Bondholders |
|
Bondholders |
|
Scotiabank |
| Registration number |
|
H |
|
Q |
|
O |
|
PB 70M |
| Name of financial indicator or ratio (See definition in Note 19.1) |
|
NFD/Equity |
|
NFD/Equity |
|
NFD/Equity |
|
NFD/Equity |
| Measurement frequency |
|
Quarterly |
|
Quarterly |
|
Quarterly |
|
Quarterly |
| Restriction (Range, value and unit of measure) |
|
Must be less than |
|
Must be less than |
|
Must be less than |
|
Must be less than |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
| Indicator or ratio determined by the company |
|
0.47 |
|
0.47 |
|
0.47 |
|
0.47 |
| Fulfilled YES/NO |
|
yes |
|
yes |
|
yes |
|
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial restrictions |
| As of December 31, 2022 |
|
Financial
restrictions |
|
Financial
restrictions |
|
Financial
restrictions |
|
Financial
restrictions |
| Instrument with restriction |
|
Bonds |
|
Bonds |
|
Bonds |
|
Bank loans |
| Reporting party or subsidiary restriction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Creditor |
|
Bondholders |
|
Bondholders |
|
Bondholders |
|
Scotiabank |
| Registration number |
|
H |
|
Q |
|
O |
|
PB 70M |
| Name of financial indicator or ratio (See definition in Note 19.1) |
|
NFD/Equity |
|
NFD/Equity |
|
NFD/Equity |
|
NFD/Equity |
| Measurement frequency |
|
Quarterly |
|
Quarterly |
|
Quarterly |
|
Quarterly |
| Restriction (Range, value and unit of measure) |
|
Must be less than |
|
Must be less than |
|
Must be less than |
|
Must be less than |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
| Indicator or ratio determined by the company |
|
(0.15) |
|
(0.15) |
|
(0.15) |
|
(0.15) |
| Fulfilled YES/NO |
|
yes |
|
yes |
|
yes |
|
yes |
Bond issuance contracts in foreign markets require that the Company does not merge, or dispose of, or encumber all or a significant portion of its assets, unless all of the following conditions are met: (i) the legal successor is an entity constituted under the laws of Chile or the United States, which assumes all the obligations of the Company in a supplemental indenture, (ii) immediately after the merger or disposal or encumbrance there is no default by the issuer, and (iii) the issuer has provided a legal opinion indicating that the merger or disposal or encumbrance and the supplemental indenture comply with the requirements of the original indenture.The Company is also committed to provide quarterly financial information.
The Company and its subsidiaries are complying with all the aforementioned limitations, restrictions and obligations.
19.3 Disclosures on share capital
Issued share capital is divided into Series A shares and Series B shares. All such shares are nominative, have no par value and are fully issued, subscribed and paid.
Series B shares may not exceed 50% of the total issued, subscribed and paid-in shares of the Company and have a limited voting right, in that all of them can only elect one director of the Company, regardless of their equity interest and preferences:
(a)require the calling of an Ordinary or Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting when so requested by Series B shareholders representing at least 5% of the issued shares thereof; and
(b)require the calling of an extraordinary meeting of the board of directors, without the president being able to qualify the need for such a request, when so requested by the director who has been elected by the shareholders of said Series B.
The limitation and preferences of Series B shares have a duration of 50 consecutive and continuous years as of June 3, 1993.
The Series A shares have the preference of being able to exclude the director elected by the Series B shareholders in the voting process in which the president of the board of directors and of the Company must be elected and which follows the one in which the tie that allows such exclusion resulted.
The preference of the Series A shares will have a term of 50 consecutive and continuous years as of June 3, 1993. The form of the titles of the shares, their issuance, exchange, disablement, loss, replacement, assignment and other circumstances thereof shall be governed by the provisions of Law No, 18,046 and its regulations.
At December 31, 2023, the Group hold 648 Series A shares.
Detail of capital classes in shares:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
|
As of December 31, 2021 |
| Type of capital in preferred shares |
|
Series A |
|
Series B |
|
Series A |
|
Series B |
|
Series A |
|
Series B |
| Description of type of capital in shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Number of authorized shares |
|
142,819,552 |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,819,552 |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,819,552 |
|
142,818,904 |
| Number of fully subscribed and paid shares |
|
142,819,552 |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,819,552 |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,819,552 |
|
142,818,904 |
| Number of subscribed, partially paid shares |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
| Increase (decrease) in the number of current shares |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
| Number of outstanding shares |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,818,904 |
| Number of shares owned by the Company or its subsidiaries or associates |
|
648 |
|
— |
|
648 |
|
— |
|
648 |
|
— |
| Number of shares whose issuance is reserved due to the existence of options or agreements to dispose shares |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
| Capital amount in shares ThUS$ |
|
134,750 |
|
|
1,442,893 |
|
|
134,750 |
|
|
1,442,893 |
|
|
134,750 |
|
|
1,442,893 |
|
| Total number of subscribed shares |
|
142,819,552 |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,819,552 |
|
142,818,904 |
|
142,819,552 |
|
142,818,904 |
19.4 Disclosures on reserves in Equity and non-controlling interests
As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, this caption comprises the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Disclosure of reserves within shareholders' equity |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Reserve for currency exchange conversion (1) |
|
(4,921) |
|
|
(8,042) |
|
|
(7,913) |
|
| Reserve for cash flow hedges (2) |
|
(930) |
|
|
(14,575) |
|
|
(34,025) |
|
| Reserve for gains and losses from financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (3) |
|
122,294 |
|
|
(10,973) |
|
|
(11,146) |
|
| Reserve for actuarial gains or losses in defined benefit plans (4) |
|
(13,454) |
|
|
(9,198) |
|
|
(4,174) |
|
| Other reserves |
|
11,881 |
|
|
11,663 |
|
|
13,103 |
|
| Total |
|
114,870 |
|
|
(31,125) |
|
|
(44,155) |
|
________________________________________________
(1)This balance reflects retained earnings for changes in the exchange rate when converting the financial statements of subsidiaries whose functional currency is different from the US dollar.
(2)The Company maintains, as hedge instruments, financial derivatives related to obligations with the public issued in UF and Chilean pesos, Changes from the fair value of derivatives designated and classified as hedges are recognized under this classification.
(3)This caption includes the fair value of equity investments that are not held for trading and that the group has irrevocably opted to recognize in this category upon initial recognition. In the event that such equity instruments are fully or partially disposed of, the proportional accumulated effect of accumulated fair value will be transferred to retained earnings.
(4)This caption reflects the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions, mainly changes in the discount rate.
Movements in other reserves and changes in interest were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign
currency
translation
difference
(1) |
|
Reserve for cash flow
hedges |
|
Reserve for actuarial gains
and losses from defined
benefit plans |
|
Reserve for gains (losses)
from financial assets
measured at fair value
through other
comprehensive income |
|
Other
reserves |
|
Total reserves |
| Movements |
|
Before
taxes |
|
Before
taxes |
|
Deferred
taxes |
|
Before
taxes |
|
Deferred
taxes |
|
Before
Taxes |
|
Deferred
taxes |
|
Before
taxes |
|
Reserves |
|
Deferred
taxes |
|
Total
reserves |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Opening balance as of January 1, 2021 |
|
(11,569) |
|
|
6,173 |
|
|
(1,682) |
|
|
(10,527) |
|
|
1,847 |
|
|
10,176 |
|
|
(3,304) |
|
|
16,318 |
|
|
10,571 |
|
|
(3,139) |
|
|
7,432 |
|
| Movement of reserves |
|
4,046 |
|
|
(66,051) |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,648 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(12,072) |
|
|
— |
|
|
134 |
|
|
(69,295) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(69,295) |
|
| Reclassification adjustments |
|
(390) |
|
|
13,289 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,349) |
|
|
9,550 |
|
|
— |
|
|
9,550 |
|
| Related taxes |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
14,246 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(142) |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,818 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
17,922 |
|
|
17,922 |
|
| Reclassification to retained earnings |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(13,375) |
|
|
3,611 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(13,375) |
|
|
3,611 |
|
|
(9,764) |
|
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2021 |
|
(7,913) |
|
|
(46,589) |
|
|
12,564 |
|
|
(5,879) |
|
|
1,705 |
|
|
(15,271) |
|
|
4,125 |
|
|
13,103 |
|
|
(62,549) |
|
|
18,394 |
|
|
(44,155) |
|
| Movement of reserves |
|
(129) |
|
|
36,079 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(6,276) |
|
|
— |
|
|
190 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(985) |
|
|
28,879 |
|
|
— |
|
|
28,879 |
|
| Reclassification adjustments |
|
— |
|
|
(9,457) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(455) |
|
|
(9,912) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(9,912) |
|
| Related taxes |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(7,172) |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,252 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(17) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(5,937) |
|
|
(5,937) |
|
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2022 |
|
(8,042) |
|
|
(19,967) |
|
|
5,392 |
|
|
(12,155) |
|
|
2,957 |
|
|
(15,081) |
|
|
4,108 |
|
|
11,663 |
|
|
(43,582) |
|
|
12,457 |
|
|
(31,125) |
|
| Movement of reserves |
|
3,121 |
|
|
126 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(5,836) |
|
|
— |
|
|
190,509 |
|
|
— |
|
|
218 |
|
|
188,138 |
|
|
— |
|
|
188,138 |
|
| Reclassification adjustments |
|
— |
|
|
18,566 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
18,566 |
|
|
— |
|
|
18,566 |
|
| Related taxes |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(5,047) |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,580 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(57,242) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(60,709) |
|
|
(60,709) |
|
| Closing balance as of December 31, 2023 |
|
(4,921) |
|
|
(1,275) |
|
|
345 |
|
|
(17,991) |
|
|
4,537 |
|
|
175,428 |
|
|
(53,134) |
|
|
11,881 |
|
|
163,122 |
|
|
(48,252) |
|
|
114,870 |
|
________________________________________________
(1)See details on reserves for foreign currency translation differences on conversion in Note 23, letter b).
Other reserves
This caption corresponds to the legal reserves reported in the stand-alone financial statements of the subsidiaries and associates that are mentioned below and that have been recognized in SQM’s equity through the application of the equity method.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Subsidiary – Associate |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Iberian S.A. |
|
9,464 |
|
|
9,464 |
|
|
9,464 |
|
| SQM Europe NV |
|
1,957 |
|
|
1,957 |
|
|
1,957 |
|
| Soquimich European holding B.V. |
|
828 |
|
|
828 |
|
|
828 |
|
| Abu Dhabi Fertilizer Industries WWL |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
455 |
|
| Soquimich Comercial S.A. |
|
(393) |
|
|
(401) |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Vitas Fzco. |
|
85 |
|
|
85 |
|
|
(38) |
|
| Pavoni & C. Spa |
|
7 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
7 |
|
| SAS Adionics |
|
116 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Australia Pty Ltd |
|
94 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Iberian S.A. |
|
(1,677) |
|
|
(1,677) |
|
|
(1,677) |
|
| Orcoma Estudios SPA |
|
2,121 |
|
|
2,121 |
|
|
2,121 |
|
| SQM Industrial S.A. |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
707 |
|
| Others |
|
(721) |
|
|
(721) |
|
|
(721) |
|
| Total Other reserves |
|
11,881 |
|
|
11,663 |
|
|
13,103 |
|
Non-controlling interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of interests in the
ownership held by non-
controlling interests |
|
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests for the year ended |
|
Equity, non-controlling interests for the year ended |
|
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests for the year ended |
| Subsidiary |
|
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
|
As of
December 31, 2022 |
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
|
As of
December 31, 2022 |
|
As of
December 31, 2023 |
|
As of
December 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| SQM Potasio S.A. |
|
0.0000001% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Ajay SQM Chile S.A. |
|
49.00000% |
|
3,238 |
|
|
2,415 |
|
|
9,795 |
|
|
8,986 |
|
|
2,428 |
|
|
1,811 |
|
| Soquimich Comercial S.A. |
|
39.36168% |
|
3,838 |
|
|
5,558 |
|
|
26,435 |
|
|
26,383 |
|
|
3,837 |
|
|
5,558 |
|
| Comercial Agrorama Ltda. (1) |
|
30.00000% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Indonesia S.A. |
|
20.00000% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| SQM Thailand Limited |
|
0.00200% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Total |
|
|
|
7,076 |
|
|
7,973 |
|
|
36,230 |
|
|
35,369 |
|
|
6,265 |
|
|
7,369 |
|
(1) As of December 31, 2022, a 30% non-controlling interest was acquired by Comercial Hydro S.A., a Company subsidiary.
19.5 Dividend policies
As required by Article 79 of the Chilean Companies Act, unless otherwise decided by unanimous vote of the holders of issued and subscribed shares, a publicly traded corporation must annually distribute a cash dividend to its shareholders, prorated based on their shares or the proportion established in the company’s bylaws if there are preferred shares, with at least 30% of our consolidated net income for each year.
Dividend policy for commercial year 2023
Company’s dividend policy for the 2023 business year was agreed upon by the Board of Directors on April 26, 2023. On that occasion, the following was decided:
(a)Distribute and pay to the corresponding shareholders, a percentage of the net income that shall be determined per the following financial parameters as a final dividend:
(i)100% of the net income for 2023 if all the following financial parameters are met: (a) “all current assets” divided by “all current liabilities” is equal to or greater than 2.5 times, and (b) the sum of “all current liabilities” and “all non-current liabilities”, less “cash equivalents”, less “other current financial assets”, all of the above divided by “total equity” in equal or less than 0.8 times.
(ii)80% of the net income for 2023 if all the following financial parameters are met: (a) “all current assets” divided by “all current liabilities” is equal to or greater than 2.0 times, and (b) the sum of “all current liabilities” and “all non-current liabilities”, less “cash equivalents”, less “other current financial assets”, all of the above divided by “total equity” in equal or less than 0.9 times.
(iii)60% of the net income for 2023 if all the following financial parameters are met: (a) “all current assets” divided by “all current liabilities” is equal to or greater than 1.5 times, and (b) the sum of “all current liabilities” and “all non-current liabilities”, less “cash equivalents”, less “other current financial assets”, all of the above divided by “total equity” in equal or less than 1.0 times.
If none of the foregoing financial parameters are met, the Company shall distribute and pay, as a final dividend, and in favor of the respective shareholders, 50% of the 2023 net income.
(b)Distribute and pay in 2023 interim dividends, which will be charged to the aforementioned final dividend.
(c)The amount of the provisional dividends may be higher or lower, provided that, based on the information available to the Board of Directors on the date when their distribution is agreed to, this will not have a negative or material effect on the Company's ability to carry out its investments, meet its obligations, and in general to comply with the investment and financing policy approved by the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting.
(d)At the ordinary meeting to be held in 2024, the Company's Board of Directors will propose a final dividend in line with the percentage corresponding to the financial parameters outlined in (a) above, discounting the provisional dividends previously distributed in 2023.
(e)Any remaining amount from the net income from 2023 can be retained and used to finance the Company’s own operations or one or more of its investment projects, notwithstanding a possible distribution of dividends charged to accumulated earnings that might be approved by the shareholders’ meeting or the possible future capitalization of all or part of it.
(f)The payment of additional dividends is not being considered.
It must be expressly stated that this dividends policy details the intention of the Company’s Board of Directors and its fulfillment depends on the actual net income obtained, as well as on the results indicated by the projections the Company makes from time to time or on the existence of particular conditions, as appropriate. In any case, if the dividend policy set forth by the Board of Directors should undergo any substantial change, the Company must communicate it as a material event.
19.6 Interim and provisional dividends
On April 26, 2023, the Board of Directors agreed to pay a final dividend equivalent to US$ 3.22373 per share which the Company must pay to reach the amount of US$10.94060 for the final dividend as per the Policy. This final dividend already considers the first interim dividend of US$ 2.78716 per share, the second interim dividend of US$ 1.84914 per share, and the eventual dividend of US$ 3.08056 per share that were paid in 2022.
On May 17, 2023, the Board of Directors agreed to pay an interim dividend equivalent to US$ 0.78760 per share against the company’s 2023 net income. This amount will be paid in its Chilean peso equivalent at the Observed US Dollar value that appears in the Official Gazette on July 17, 2023.
On August 16, 2023, the Board agreed to pay an interim divided equal to US$0.60940 per share from the Company’s net income from 2023. That amount will be paid in its Chilean peso equivalent at the Observed US Dollar exchange rate published in the Official Gazette on November 6, 2023.
On November 15, 2023, the Board approved an interim dividend of US$ 0.50347 per share, to be paid from the Company's 2023 fiscal year net income. This dividend will be paid in Chilean pesos at the official US dollar exchange rate published in the Official Gazette on December 11, 2023.
19.7 Potential and provisional dividends
Dividends discounted from equity from January to December 2023 and 2022 were the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dividends |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Interim dividend |
|
542,847 |
|
2,204,229 |
|
157,774 |
| Final dividend |
|
920,819 |
|
— |
|
399,998 |
| Dividend according to policy |
|
60,953 |
|
— |
|
27,681 |
| Owners of the Parent |
|
1,524,619 |
|
2,204,229 |
|
585,453 |
| Dividend eventual |
|
— |
|
— |
|
5,904 |
| Dividends according to policy |
|
6,266 |
|
7,369 |
|
6,504 |
| Non-controlling interests |
|
6,266 |
|
7,369 |
|
12,408 |
| Dividends discounted from equity for the period |
|
1,530,885 |
|
2,211,598 |
|
597,861 |
Note 20 Contingencies and restrictions
In accordance with note 18.1, the Company recognizes a provision for those lawsuits in which there is a probability that the judgments will be unfavorable to the Company. The Company is party to the following lawsuits and other relevant legal actions:
20.1 Lawsuits and other relevant events
(a)In 1995, Nitratos Naturais do Chile Ltda. was sanctioned by the Fazenda do Estado de Sao Paulo for shipping goods to a different branch without proper authorization. The Sao Paulo State Treasury initiated legal proceedings to collect almost ThUS$ 352. There has been no movement with respect to this case since May 2017.
(b)In August 1996, Nitratos Naturais do Chile Ltda. was fined by Fazenda do Estado de Sao Paulo for concluding activities without attaching the necessary documentation for submission to the competent authorities. The treasury of the State of Sao Paulo initiated legal actions to collect close to ThUS$ 492. Nitratos Naturais do Chile has presented a case to the federal court of Brazil to request a reduction in the fine, which is currently pending.
(c)In August 2004, Nitratos Naturais do Chile Ltda. was fined by Fazenda do Estado de Sao Paulo for failing to report trade activities. The treasury of the State of Sao Paulo initiated legal actions to collect close to ThUS$ 265. In 2018, the Court of Appeals agreed to a reduction in the fine and the Fazenda do Estado de Sao Paulo appealed to the Court of Brazil, and this appeal is still pending.
(d)In October 2010, the City of Pomona, California, named SQM North America Corporation (“SQMNA”) and SQM as defendants in an action filed in the California Superior Court for Los Angeles County (the “Pomona Case”). In this matter, the plaintiff seeks damages for alleged groundwater contamination from the use of defendants’ fertilizer products. The plaintiff subsequently withdrew its lawsuit against SQM. The case was removed to the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California and on June 10, 2015, the jury rejected the lawsuit against SQMNA, and the plaintiff filed an appeal which was granted by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The matter was then remanded to the District Court for a complete retrial. On May 17, 2018, after a new trial in the District Court, a jury ruled in favor of SQMNA. On September 8, 2021, a jury found in favor of Pomona and against SQMNA on a single cause of action for strict products liability under California law. The jury found that Pomona’s damages were US$48,128,378. On January 27, 2022, the District Court entered judgment for Pomona in the amount of US$48,128,378. On August 1, 2023, the District Court granted a remittitur order reducing the award to the amount of US$30,280,802. SQMNA paid the reduced amount and the case is terminated.
(e)In December 2010, the city of Lindsay in California, United States, filed a claim against SQM NA, which was heard before the US District Court for the Central District of California. The plaintiff requested the payment of expenses and other values related to treatment of groundwater to make it apt for consumption, which involved the extraction of perchlorate in this water, which allegedly came from Chilean fertilizers. On February 5, 2024 , the Court ordered the resumption of proceedings, as they had been suspended.
(f)In May 2014, a claim of compensation for damages was filed against SQM Nitratos for its alleged extracontractual liability derived from an explosion occurring in 2010 in the vicinity of the town of Baquedano, which caused the death of six workers. The portion of the claim that has not been settled in court is approximately US$ 1.2 million. On May 7, 2019, the 18th Civil Court of Santiago dismissed the claim. On February 1, 2024, the Court of Appeals of Santiago, pending the ruling, revoked the first instance ruling and issued another in its replacement by virtue of which it partially accepted the claim, ordering the Company to pay the total sum of ThUS$52. SQM has filed an appeal, which resolution is pending.
(g)In January 2018, the company Transportes Buen Destino S.A. filed an arbitration claim under CAM rules against SQM Salar for controversies resulting from the execution of transport contracts for lithium brine and transport of salts. The amount of the claim is close to US$ 3 million. The arbitration is currently awaiting a ruling.
(h)The Company and FPC Ingeniería y Construcción SpA were sued in May 2019 for compensation for damages resulting from alleged extracontractual liability derived from the traffic accident occurring on March 5, 2018, involving the overturn of a truck owned by FPC and the subsequent death of its two occupants, both employees of FPC. The four children of one of the deceased workers are the plaintiffs in this case and are seeking compensation for moral damages. The case is in the 19th Civil Court of Santiago and is in the evidence stage. The amount of the claim is close to US$ 1.2 million.
(i)Through resolution dated April 14, 2020, the General Water Bureau (DGA) fined SQM Salar S.A. an amount of 4,180 UTM for the alleged violation of article 294 of the Water Code. This resolution was appealed for reconsideration, and its resolution is currently pending.
(j)On April 6, 2021, Empresa Eléctrica Cochrane SpA requested the constitution of arbitration to resolve a dispute in relation to electricity supply contracts signed on March 30, 2012, and February 1, 2013. The trial is currently in the discussion stage. On January 17, 2022, the Company filed a claim for early termination of the electricity supply contracts against Empresa Eléctrica Cochrane SpA. Both proceedings are awaiting a ruling.
(k)In October 2021, the Company requested the constitution of an arbitration against Chilena Consolidada Seguros Generales S.A. to resolve differences in relation to the interpretation and execution of the directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy.On December 14, 2023, the arbitrator accepted the Company's claim in its entirety and ordered the defendant to pay US$32.2 million. The case is currently before the Court of Appeals to hear the appeals and then to hear the cassation and appeal appeals filed by the defendant.
(l)In February 2022, the company Montajes Eléctricos y Construcciones RER Limitada filed a claim for damages before the 21st Civil Court of Santiago against SQM Industrial S.A. for its alleged liability derived from the breach of an electrical installation contract. The case has reached the evidence stage and amounts to approximately ThUS$ 542.
(m)In March 2023, Mr. Josué Merari Trujillo Montejano filed a lawsuit against SQM Comercial de México, S.A. de C.V. for damages for third-party civil liability for the death of his brother Mr. Manuel Agustín Trujillo Montejano, before the First Instance Judge of the Civil Branch of the city of Zapopan, Mexico. The lawsuit is currently under discussion. The amount of the lawsuit is approximately ThUS$ 330.
(n)In May 2023, the heirs of Sami Al Taweel, a shareholder of Abu Dhabi Fertilizer Industries Company LLC ("Adfert"), filed a claim against SQM Corporation NV, other shareholders and former officers and directors of Adfert appointed by SQM Corporation NV, with the Settlement Center of the Abu Dhabi Commercial Court of First Instance, which alleges a debt of AED 73.5 million. The lawsuit is being heard by the Abu Dhabi Commercial Court of First Instance and is awaiting the report of the expert appointed by the court.
(o)In May 2023, Mr. Luis Guillermo Benítez Peña and 17 other employees filed a lawsuit against a contractor, the Company and six other companies with the Labor Court of San Miguel for indirect dismissal, annulment of dismissal and payment of employment benefits. The case has reached the evidence stage. The lawsuit totals approximately ThUS$ 358.
(p)In January 2024, Mr. José Luis Carreño Soto filed a lawsuit for protection of fundamental rights against a contractor company and the Company before the Labor Court of Antofagasta. The case is currently under discussion. The lawsuit totals approximately ThUS$ 227.
(q)In February 2024, Messrs. Emiliano Malebrán Pallauta, Rubén Valenzuela González and José Aguilera Flores, filed before the Labor Court of Iquique a lawsuit against the Company, for protection of fundamental rights and, in subsidy, for undue dismissal and collection of benefits and compensation. The case is in the discussion stage. The amount of the lawsuit is approximately ThUS$369.
(r)In February 2024, Mr. Manuel Jesús Lobos Cortés filed before the Labor Court of Iquique a claim against the Company for compensation for damages due to an occupational disease. The case is in the discussion stage. The amount of the claim is approximately ThUS$279.
The Company and its subsidiaries have been involved and will probably continue to be involved either as plaintiffs or defendants in certain judicial proceedings that have been and will be heard by the arbitration or ordinary courts of justice that will make the final decision. Those proceedings that are regulated by the appropriate legal regulations are intended to exercise or oppose certain actions or exceptions related to certain mining claims either granted or to be granted and that do not or will not affect in an essential manner the development of the Company and its subsidiaries.
Soquimich Comercial S.A., a subsidiary, has been involved and will probably continue being involved either as plaintiff or defendant in certain judicial proceedings through which it intends to collect and receive the amounts owed, the total nominal value of which is approximately US$1.05 million.
The Company and its subsidiaries have made efforts and continues making efforts to obtain payment of certain amounts that are still owed to the Company due to its activities. Such amounts will continue to be required using judicial or non-judicial means by the plaintiffs, and the actions and exercise related to these are currently in full force and effect.
20.2 Environmental contingencies
Through a ruling dated November 28, 2016, which was amended by a ruling dated December 23, 2016, the SMA filed charges against SQM Salar for extracting brine in excess of authorized amounts, progressively impacting the vitality of algarrobo trees, delivering incomplete information, modifying variables in the follow-up plan, and other matters. SQM Salar submitted a compliance program that was accepted by the SMA, although rendered null and void by the Environmental Court of Antofagasta in December 2019. In October 2020, the SMA made further observations to the compliance program, which were addressed through the submission of a reformulated compliance program, incorporating improvements in line with the Antofagasta Environmental Court ruling. On August 29, 2022, the SMA approved the compliance program submitted by SQM Salar, which was subjected to a claim filed by the Council of Atacameño Peoples with the Antofagasta Environmental Court. If the Council of Atacameño Peoples’ claim against SMA’s resolution that approved the compliance program is accepted and the program is annulled, the sanction process against SQM Salar could be resumed. This process may conclude with the application of fines up to US$ 9 million, temporary or permanent closure of facilities and in extreme circumstances, revocation of the respective environmental permit.
20.3 Tax Contingencies
The Chilean IRS has sought to extend the specific mining tax to lithium mining, which cannot be concessioned under the legal system. As of December 31, 2023, the Chilean IRS has charged SQM a total of US$ 986.3 million, which SQM has paid, for the specific mining tax applied to lithium, corresponding to tax years 2012 to 2023 (business years 2011 to 2022). SQM Salar has filed seven tax claims against the Chilean IRS. The total amount associated with the tax claims is US$ 201.3 million, and it has a pending claim for US$ 785.0 million. Both amounts, already paid by SQM Salar, totaled US$986.3 million as of December 31, 2023, including an overcharge amount of US$59.5 million, a tax amount of US$818.0 million and an interest and fees amount of US$108.7 million.
On April 5, 2024, the Santiago Court of Appeal issued a ruling in one of the Claims, the tax role case No. 312-2022, and revoked the ruling that had previously been handed down by the Tax and Customs Court of the Metropolitan Region, which upheld the public law annulment action filed by SQM Salar, corresponding to settlements for the 2017 and 2018 tax years. Although the ruling of the Santiago Court of Appeal does not affect all other Claims, filed by the SQM Salar against the Chilean IRS, and is still subject to appeal by SQM Salar, it prompted the review of the accounting treatment for the tax claims by the Company's Board of Directors. Consequently, the Company recognized a tax expense adjustment amounting US$1,089.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 (US$926.7 million relating to tax years 2011 to 2022 and US$162.7 million associated to tax year 2023), which corresponds to the impact that the interpretation of the Santiago Court of Appeal ruling could have on the Claims. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company presents non current tax receivables amounting US$ 59.5 million and US$ 127.1 million, respectively.
The claims are as follows.
(a) On August 26, 2016, a tax claim was filed before the Third Tax and Customs Court of the Metropolitan Region against assessments 169, 170, 171 and 172, issued by the Chilean IRS for the tax years 2012 to 2014. The amount in dispute is US$ 17.8 million, where (i) US$ 11.5 million is the tax claim, net of corporate income taxes and (ii) US$ 6.3 million is associated interest and penalties. The case is currently in the evidentiary stage.
(b) On March 24, 2017, a tax claim was filed before the Third Tax and Customs Court of the Metropolitan Region against assessment 156 issued by the Chilean IRS for the tax year 2015. The amount in dispute is US$ 3.2 million is the tax claim, net of corporate income taxes. The case is currently in the evidentiary stage.
(c) On March 24, 2017, a tax claim was filed before the Third Tax and Customs Court of the Metropolitan Region against assessment 207 issued by the Chilean IRS for the tax year 2016. The amount in dispute is US$ 5.5 million, where (i) US$ 1.2 million is overpaid taxes, (ii) US$ 3.8 million is the tax claim, net of corporate income taxes and (iii) US$0.5 million is associated interest and penalties. The case is currently in the evidentiary stage.
(d) On July 15, 2021, SQM Salar filed before the First Tax and Customs Court of the Metropolitan Region a tax annulment and claim against assessments 65 and 66, issued by the Chilean IRS, for the tax years 2017 and 2018. The amount in dispute is US$ 63.9 million, where (i) US$ 17.6 million is overpaid taxes, (ii) US$ 30.2 million is the tax claim, net of corporate income tax, and (iii) US$ 16.1 million is associated interest and penalties. On November 7, 2022, the First Tax and Customs Court upheld SQM Salar's claim and ordered the annulment of these tax assessments. This judgment was appealed by the Chilean IRS and on April 5, 2024, the Court of Appeals of Santiago revoked the first instance ruling in that it accepted the public law annulment action aimed at challenging the charges, accepting the claim only with respect to those miscalculated items recognized by the Chilean IRS.
(e) On June 30, 2023, SQM Salar filed before the First Tax and Customs Court of the Metropolitan Region a tax annulment and claim against assessment 23, issued by the Chilean IRS, for the tax year 2019. The amount in dispute is US$ 36.7 million, where (i) US$ 9.7 million is overpaid taxes, and (ii) US$ 27.0 million is the tax claim, net of corporate income taxes. The trial is currently at the discussion stage.
(f) On January 19, 2024, SQM Salar filed before the Third Tax and Customs Court of the Metropolitan Region, a tax annulment and claim against assessment 56 issued by the Chilean IRS for the tax years 2020 and 2021. The amount in dispute is US$ 20.7 million, where US$ 5.6 million is overpaid taxes and US$ 15.1 million is the tax claim, net of corporate income taxes. The case is currently at the discussion stage.
(g) On January 19, 2024, SQM Salar filed before the Third Tax and Customs Court of the Metropolitan Region a tax annulment and claim against assessment 1, issued by the Chilean IRS, for the tax year 2022. The amount in dispute is US$ 53.5 million, where (i) US$ 14.4 million is overpaid taxes, (ii) US$ 36.1 million is the tax claim, net of corporate income taxes and (iii) US$ 3 million is associated interest and penalties. The case is currently at the discussion stage.
The assessments and pending claims are as follows:
On December 19, 2023, the Chilean IRS invoiced the Company for a sum of US$785 million for the tax year 2023 (covering the 2022 business year), pertaining to the specific tax on mining activities. Within this total, US$691.2 million represents the tax claimed, net of corporate income tax, and US$10.9 million is the excess tax payments.
The Chilean IRS has not invoiced the Company for specific mining tax with respect to the 2024 tax year (2023 business year). If the Chilean IRS uses criteria similar to that used in previous years, then it may invoice the Company in the future for the 2023 business year, which the Company estimates could be an amount of approximately US$ 162.7 million, net of corporate income taxes, but excluding interest and penalties.
See Note 26.2 “Disclosures on events occurring after the reporting date” for a description of subsequent events.
20.4 Indirect guarantees
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there are no indirect guarantees.
20.5 Other matters
The Company is required to be in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations in Chile and internationally with respect to anti-corruption, anti-money laundering and other regulatory matters, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). The Company has received a request for information and subpoena from the SEC requesting information related to our business operations, compliance program, and allegations of potential violations of the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws. The SEC has said that the investigation is a non-public, fact-finding inquiry and we are not aware that any conclusion has been reached by the SEC. Management has initiated an internal review to identify materials that are responsive to the SEC’s inquiry and are actively cooperating in the SEC’s review by providing the information requested.
Note 21 Gains (losses) from operating activities in the statement of income of expenses, included according to their nature.
21.1 Revenue from operating activities customer activities
The Group derives revenues from the sale of goods (which are recognized at one point in time) and from the provision of services (which are recognized over time) and are distributed among the following geographical areas and main product and service lines:
(a)Geographic areas:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| For the year ended December 31, 2023 |
| Geographic areas |
|
Specialty
plant
nutrition |
|
Iodine and
derivatives |
|
Lithium and
derivatives |
|
Potassium |
|
Industrial
chemicals |
|
Other |
|
Total
ThUS$ |
| Chile |
|
109,669 |
|
1,603 |
|
2,327 |
|
31,356 |
|
1,136 |
|
23,590 |
|
169,681 |
| Latin America and the Caribbean |
|
76,157 |
|
21,523 |
|
7,289 |
|
93,868 |
|
10,489 |
|
973 |
|
210,299 |
| Europe |
|
128,370 |
|
368,696 |
|
278,360 |
|
30,357 |
|
21,054 |
|
1,275 |
|
828,112 |
| North America |
|
411,586 |
|
122,025 |
|
134,768 |
|
67,232 |
|
47,074 |
|
926 |
|
783,611 |
| Asia and Others |
|
188,130 |
|
378,304 |
|
4,757,370 |
|
56,237 |
|
95,470 |
|
276 |
|
5,475,787 |
| Total |
|
913,912 |
|
892,151 |
|
5,180,114 |
|
279,050 |
|
175,223 |
|
27,040 |
|
7,467,490 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| For the year ended December 31, 2022 |
| Geographic areas |
|
Specialty
plant
nutrition |
|
Iodine and
derivatives |
|
Lithium and
derivatives |
|
Potassium |
|
Industrial
chemicals |
|
Other |
|
Total
ThUS$ |
| Chile |
|
128,829 |
|
|
1,523 |
|
|
1,854 |
|
|
64,409 |
|
|
1,199 |
|
|
25,334 |
|
|
223,148 |
|
| Latin America and the Caribbean |
|
125,712 |
|
|
16,328 |
|
|
5,275 |
|
|
179,621 |
|
|
11,820 |
|
|
1,185 |
|
|
339,941 |
|
| Europa |
|
196,930 |
|
|
288,854 |
|
|
390,832 |
|
|
27,275 |
|
|
27,725 |
|
|
942 |
|
|
932,558 |
|
| North America |
|
489,327 |
|
|
141,683 |
|
|
151,152 |
|
|
71,711 |
|
|
59,402 |
|
|
912 |
|
|
914,187 |
|
| Asia and Others |
|
231,536 |
|
|
305,951 |
|
|
7,603,826 |
|
|
94,164 |
|
|
65,054 |
|
|
213 |
|
|
8,300,744 |
|
| Total |
|
1,172,334 |
|
|
754,339 |
|
|
8,152,939 |
|
|
437,180 |
|
|
165,200 |
|
|
28,586 |
|
|
10,710,578 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| For the year ended December 31, 2021 |
| Geographic areas |
|
Specialty
plant
nutrition |
|
Iodine and
derivatives |
|
Lithium and
derivatives |
|
Potassium |
|
Industrial
chemicals |
|
Other |
|
Total
ThUS$ |
| Chile |
|
136,523 |
|
|
1,538 |
|
|
901 |
|
|
50,573 |
|
|
4,125 |
|
|
25,988 |
|
|
219,648 |
|
| Latin America and the Caribbean |
|
88,990 |
|
|
10,198 |
|
|
4,905 |
|
|
214,304 |
|
|
7,367 |
|
|
523 |
|
|
326,287 |
|
| Europa |
|
179,744 |
|
|
173,329 |
|
|
75,674 |
|
|
33,948 |
|
|
18,662 |
|
|
1,408 |
|
|
482,765 |
|
| North America |
|
314,895 |
|
|
102,746 |
|
|
50,349 |
|
|
57,682 |
|
|
29,860 |
|
|
2,470 |
|
|
558,002 |
|
| Asia and Others |
|
188,663 |
|
|
150,120 |
|
|
804,292 |
|
|
60,085 |
|
|
71,997 |
|
|
456 |
|
|
1,275,613 |
|
| Total |
|
908,815 |
|
|
437,931 |
|
|
936,121 |
|
|
416,592 |
|
|
132,011 |
|
|
30,845 |
|
|
2,862,315 |
|
(b)Main product and service lines:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from January to December of the year |
| Products and Services |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Specialty plant nutrition |
|
913,912 |
|
1,172,334 |
|
908,815 |
-Sodium Nitrates |
|
25,056 |
|
21,294 |
|
24,829 |
-Potassium nitrate and sodium potassium nitrate |
|
502,349 |
|
700,081 |
|
539,336 |
-Specialty Blends |
|
235,290 |
|
285,027 |
|
234,369 |
-Other specialty fertilizers |
|
151,217 |
|
165,932 |
|
110,281 |
| Iodine and derivatives |
|
892,151 |
|
754,339 |
|
437,931 |
| Lithium and derivatives |
|
5,180,114 |
|
8,152,939 |
|
936,121 |
| Potassium |
|
279,050 |
|
437,180 |
|
416,592 |
| Industrial chemicals |
|
175,223 |
|
165,200 |
|
132,011 |
| Other |
|
27,040 |
|
28,586 |
|
30,845 |
| Total |
|
7,467,490 |
|
10,710,578 |
|
2,862,315 |
21.2 Cost of sales
Cost of sales broken down by nature of expense:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from January
to December of the year |
| Nature of expense |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Raw materials and consumables used |
|
(687,116) |
|
|
(561,709) |
|
|
(345,356) |
|
| Classes of employee benefit expenses |
|
(308,972) |
|
|
(308,744) |
|
|
(211,771) |
|
| Depreciation expense |
|
(252,746) |
|
|
(218,714) |
|
|
(195,678) |
|
| Depreciation of Right-of-use Assets (contracts under IFRS 16) |
|
(11,719) |
|
|
(6,549) |
|
|
(5,963) |
|
| Amortization expense |
|
(12,415) |
|
|
(16,413) |
|
|
(9,737) |
|
| Investment plan expenses |
|
(25,638) |
|
|
(18,293) |
|
|
(15,059) |
|
| Provision for materials, spare parts and supplies |
|
(10,065) |
|
|
(7,099) |
|
|
(505) |
|
| Contractors |
|
(226,180) |
|
|
(194,295) |
|
|
(157,571) |
|
| Operating leases |
|
(84,423) |
|
|
(71,420) |
|
|
(67,106) |
|
| Mining patents |
|
(7,560) |
|
|
(14,585) |
|
|
(7,325) |
|
| Operational transportation |
|
(107,074) |
|
|
(91,130) |
|
|
(76,004) |
|
| Freight / product transportation costs |
|
(104,664) |
|
|
(94,727) |
|
|
(77,353) |
|
| Purchase of products from third parties |
|
(422,023) |
|
|
(473,742) |
|
|
(329,464) |
|
| Insurance |
|
(55,204) |
|
|
(43,323) |
|
|
(21,869) |
|
| Corfo rights and other agreements |
|
(1,868,850) |
|
|
(3,272,897) |
|
|
(247,604) |
|
| Export costs |
|
(158,621) |
|
|
(153,162) |
|
|
(99,212) |
|
| Expenses related to variable lease payments (contracts under IFRS 16) |
|
(4,700) |
|
|
(3,631) |
|
|
(1,313) |
|
| Variation in gross inventory |
|
20,024 |
|
|
628,671 |
|
|
85,709 |
|
| Variation in inventory provision |
|
(29,711) |
|
|
(27,324) |
|
|
5,038 |
|
| Other |
|
(34,779) |
|
|
(24,867) |
|
|
5,935 |
|
| Total |
|
(4,392,436) |
|
|
(4,973,953) |
|
|
(1,772,208) |
|
21.3 Other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from January
to December of the year |
| Other income |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Discounts obtained from suppliers |
|
2,002 |
|
1,404 |
|
896 |
| Fines charged to suppliers |
|
4,118 |
|
593 |
|
83 |
| Amounts recovered from insurance |
|
1,242 |
|
1,646 |
|
1,811 |
| Overestimate of provisions for third-party obligations |
|
1,272 |
|
86 |
|
293 |
| Sale of assets classified as properties, plant and equipment |
|
11 |
|
365 |
|
287 |
| Sales of materials, spare parts and supplies |
|
147 |
|
246 |
|
2,121 |
| Options on mining properties |
|
376 |
|
1,126 |
|
8,796 |
| Easements, pipelines and roads |
|
5,205 |
|
2,106 |
|
4,949 |
| Government Grants (1) |
|
24,387 |
|
— |
|
— |
| Others |
|
1,797 |
|
2,282 |
|
316 |
| Total |
|
40,557 |
|
9,854 |
|
19,552 |
(1) The Company received an unconditional government grant for US$24,387 in September 2023, related to the permanence of its commercial office of SQM Shanghai Chemicals Co. Ltd. in the current district, which was recognized as part of this category
21.4 Administrative expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from January
to December of the year |
| Administrative expenses |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Employee benefit expenses |
|
(75,450) |
|
|
(63,713) |
|
|
(60,552) |
|
| Marketing costs |
|
(6,611) |
|
|
(5,661) |
|
|
(2,415) |
|
| Amortization expenses |
|
(444) |
|
|
(126) |
|
|
(118) |
|
| Entertainment expenses |
|
(6,067) |
|
|
(5,576) |
|
|
(4,906) |
|
| Advisory services |
|
(32,562) |
|
|
(27,235) |
|
|
(17,332) |
|
| Lease of buildings and facilities |
|
(4,331) |
|
|
(3,829) |
|
|
(3,478) |
|
| Insurance |
|
(3,778) |
|
|
(3,011) |
|
|
(3,901) |
|
| Office expenses |
|
(9,230) |
|
|
(8,596) |
|
|
(6,363) |
|
| Contractors |
|
(11,067) |
|
|
(7,283) |
|
|
(5,106) |
|
| Depreciation of Right-of-use Assets (contracts under IFRS 16) |
|
(3,463) |
|
|
(2,656) |
|
|
(2,743) |
|
| Other expenses |
|
(22,762) |
|
|
(14,958) |
|
|
(11,979) |
|
| Total |
|
(175,765) |
|
|
(142,644) |
|
|
(118,893) |
|
21.5 Other expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from January
to December of the year |
| Other expenses |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Impairment (losses) /reversals of impairment losses recognized in income for the year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Properties, plant and equipment |
|
(47,059) |
|
|
(8,084) |
|
|
(5,582) |
|
| Intangible assets other than goodwill |
|
— |
|
|
(520) |
|
|
(478) |
|
| Goodwill |
|
(9) |
|
|
(33,629) |
|
— |
|
| Subtotal |
|
(47,068) |
|
|
(42,233) |
|
|
(6,060) |
|
| Other expenses, by nature |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Legal expenses |
|
17,127 |
|
|
(6,841) |
|
|
(42,254) |
|
| VAT and other unrecoverable taxes |
|
(2,683) |
|
|
(5,694) |
|
|
(1,015) |
|
| Fines paid |
|
(542) |
|
|
(617) |
|
|
(882) |
|
| Investment plan expenses |
|
(13,255) |
|
|
(727) |
|
1 |
|
| Exploration expenses |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
(284) |
|
| Contributions and donations |
|
(38,756) |
|
|
(19,096) |
|
|
(9,037) |
|
| Other operating expenses |
|
(8,223) |
|
|
(763) |
|
|
(1,074) |
|
| Subtotal |
|
(46,332) |
|
|
(33,738) |
|
|
(54,545) |
|
| Total |
|
(93,400) |
|
|
(75,971) |
|
|
(60,605) |
|
21.6 Other (losses) gains
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from January
to December of the year |
| Other (losses) income |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Sale of investments in associates |
|
— |
|
|
60 |
|
|
— |
|
| Adjust previous year application method of participation |
|
(378) |
|
|
(1) |
|
|
— |
|
| Reversal/Impairment of interests in associates |
|
626 |
|
|
1,349 |
|
|
(2,009) |
|
| Sale of investments in joint ventures |
|
(2,599) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Others |
|
97 |
|
|
(1,291) |
|
|
(629) |
|
| Total |
|
(2,254) |
|
|
117 |
|
|
(2,638) |
|
21.7 Impairment losses and reversals for financial assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from January
to December of the year |
| Impairment of financial assets and reversal of impairment losses |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Impairment of financial assets and reversal of impairment losses (See Note 12.2) |
|
202 |
|
|
3,369 |
|
|
(235) |
|
| Totals |
|
202 |
|
|
3,369 |
|
|
(235) |
|
21.8 Summary of expenses by nature
The following summary considers notes 21.2, 21.4 and 21.5.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from January
to December of the year |
| Expenses by nature |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Raw materials and consumables |
|
(687,116) |
|
|
(561,709) |
|
|
(345,356) |
|
| Employee benefit expenses |
|
(384,422) |
|
|
(372,457) |
|
|
(272,323) |
|
| Depreciation expense |
|
(252,746) |
|
|
(218,714) |
|
|
(195,678) |
|
| Depreciation of right-of-use assets |
|
(15,182) |
|
|
(9,205) |
|
|
(8,706) |
|
| Impairment of properties, plant and equipment, intangible and Goodwill |
|
(47,068) |
|
|
(42,233) |
|
|
(6,060) |
|
| Amortization expense |
|
(12,859) |
|
|
(16,539) |
|
|
(9,855) |
|
| Legal expenses |
|
17,127 |
|
|
(6,841) |
|
|
(42,254) |
|
| Investment plan expenses |
|
(38,893) |
|
|
(19,020) |
|
|
(15,058) |
|
| Exploration expenses |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(284) |
|
| Provision for materials, spare parts and supplies |
|
(10,065) |
|
|
(7,099) |
|
|
(505) |
|
| Contractors |
|
(237,247) |
|
|
(201,578) |
|
|
(162,677) |
|
| Operational leases |
|
(88,754) |
|
|
(75,249) |
|
|
(70,584) |
|
| Mining patents |
|
(7,560) |
|
|
(14,585) |
|
|
(7,325) |
|
| Operational transportation |
|
(107,074) |
|
|
(91,130) |
|
|
(76,004) |
|
| Freight and product transportation costs |
|
(104,664) |
|
|
(94,727) |
|
|
(77,353) |
|
| Purchase of products from third parties |
|
(422,023) |
|
|
(473,742) |
|
|
(329,464) |
|
| Corfo rights and other agreements |
|
(1,868,850) |
|
|
(3,272,897) |
|
|
(247,604) |
|
| Export costs |
|
(158,621) |
|
|
(153,162) |
|
|
(99,212) |
|
| Expenses related to variable lease payments (contracts under IFRS 16) |
|
(4,700) |
|
|
(3,631) |
|
|
(1,313) |
|
| Insurance |
|
(58,982) |
|
|
(46,334) |
|
|
(25,770) |
|
| Consultant and advisor services |
|
(32,562) |
|
|
(27,235) |
|
|
(17,332) |
|
| Variation in gross inventory |
|
20,024 |
|
|
628,671 |
|
|
85,709 |
|
| Variation in inventory provision |
|
(29,711) |
|
|
(27,324) |
|
|
5,038 |
|
| Other expenses |
|
(129,653) |
|
|
(85,828) |
|
|
(31,736) |
|
| Total expenses by nature |
|
(4,661,601) |
|
|
(5,192,568) |
|
|
(1,951,706) |
|
21.9 Finance expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from January
to December of the year |
| Finance expenses |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Interest expense from bank borrowings and overdrafts |
|
(3,890) |
|
|
(3,065) |
|
|
(2,664) |
|
| Interest expense from bonds |
|
(106,871) |
|
|
(108,387) |
|
|
(90,859) |
|
| Interest expense from loans |
|
(55,926) |
|
|
(2,098) |
|
|
(1,135) |
|
| Reversal of capitalized interest expenses |
|
43,331 |
|
24,708 |
|
14,206 |
| Financial expenses for restoration and rehabilitation provisions |
|
2,368 |
|
9,357 |
|
|
(1,259) |
| Interest on lease agreement |
|
(2,038) |
|
|
(1,226) |
|
|
(1,587) |
|
| Other finance costs |
|
(15,376) |
|
|
(5,940) |
|
|
(1,328) |
|
| Total |
|
(138,402) |
|
|
(86,651) |
|
|
(84,626) |
|
21.10 Finance income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from January
to December of the year |
| Finance income |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Interest from term deposits |
|
81,981 |
|
|
31,122 |
|
|
3,635 |
|
| Interest from marketable securities |
|
31,920 |
|
|
10,252 |
|
|
68 |
|
| Interest from maintenance of minimum bank balance in current account |
|
12 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
2 |
|
| Other finance income |
|
4,614 |
|
|
3,318 |
|
|
107 |
|
| Other finance interests |
|
4,199 |
|
|
2,340 |
|
|
856 |
|
| Total |
|
122,726 |
|
|
47,038 |
|
|
4,668 |
|
Note 22 Reportable segments
22.1 Reportable segments
(a)General information:
The amount of each item presented in each operating segment is equal to that reported to the highest authority that makes decisions regarding the operation, in order to decide on the allocation of resources to the defined segments and to assess its performance.
These operating segments mentioned are consistent with the way the Company is managed and how results will be reported by the Company. These segments reflect separate operating results that are regularly reviewed by the executive responsible for operational decisions in order to make decisions about the resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance (See Note 22.2).
The performance of each segment is measured based on net income and revenues. Inter-segment sales are made using terms and conditions at current market rates.
(b)Factors used to identify segments on which a report should be presented:
The segments covered in the report are strategic business units that offer different products and services. These are managed separately because each business requires different technology and marketing strategies.
(c)Description of the types of products and services from which each reportable segment obtains its income from ordinary activities
The operating segments are as follows:
(i)Specialty plant nutrients
(ii)Iodine and its derivatives
(iii)Lithium and its derivatives
(iv)Industrial chemicals
(v)Potassium
(vi)Other products and services
(d)Description of income sources for all the other segments
Information regarding assets, liabilities, gains and expenses that cannot be assigned to the segments indicated above, due to the nature of production processes, is included under the "Unallocated amounts” category of the disclosed information.
(e)Description of the nature of the differences between measurements of results of reportable segments and the result of the entity before the expense or income tax expense of incomes
The information reported in the segments is extracted from the Company’s consolidated financial statements and therefore there is no need to prepare reconciliations between the data mentioned above and those reported in the respective segments, according to what is stated in paragraph 28 of IFRS 8, "Operating Segments".
For the allocation of inventory valuation costs, we identify the direct expenses (can be directly allocated to products) and the common expenses (belong to co-production processes, for example common leaching expenses for production of Iodine and Nitrates), Direct costs are directly allocated to the product and the common costs are distributed according to percentages that consider different variables in their determination, such as margins, rotation of inventories, revenue, production etc.
The allocation of other common costs that are not included in the inventory valuation process, but go straight to the cost of sales, use similar criteria: the costs associated with a product or sales in particular are assigned to that particular product or sales, and the common costs associated with different products or business lines are allocated according to the sales.
(f)Description of the nature of the differences between measurements of assets of reportable segments and the Company´s assets
Assets are not shown classified by segments, as this information is not readily available, some of these assets are not separable by the type of activity by which they are affected since this information is not used by management in decision-making with respect to resources to be allocated to each defined segment. All assets are disclosed in the "unallocated amounts" category.
(g)Description of the nature of the differences between measurements of liabilities of reportable segments and the Company’s liabilities
Liabilities are not shown classified by segments, as this information is not readily available, some of these liabilities are not separable by the type of activity by which they are affected, since this information is not used by management in decision-making regarding resources to be allocated to each defined segment. All liabilities are disclosed in the "unallocated amounts" category.
22.2 Reportable segment disclosures:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Operating segment items for the year ended December 31, 2023 |
|
Specialty
plant
nutrients |
|
Iodine and its
derivatives |
|
Lithium and
its derivatives |
|
Industrial
chemicals |
|
Potassium |
|
Other
products
and services |
|
Reportable
segments |
|
Operating
segments |
|
Unallocated
amounts |
|
Total as of
December 31,
2023 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Revenue |
|
913,912 |
|
|
892,151 |
|
|
5,180,114 |
|
|
175,223 |
|
|
279,050 |
|
|
27,040 |
|
|
7,467,490 |
|
|
7,467,490 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,467,490 |
|
| Revenues from transactions with other operating segments of the same entity |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Revenues from external customers and transactions with other operating segments of the same entity |
|
913,912 |
|
|
892,151 |
|
|
5,180,114 |
|
|
175,223 |
|
|
279,050 |
|
|
27,040 |
|
|
7,467,490 |
|
|
7,467,490 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,467,490 |
|
| Costs of sales |
|
(691,509) |
|
|
(355,717) |
|
|
(2,955,669) |
|
|
(141,351) |
|
|
(219,597) |
|
|
(28,593) |
|
|
(4,392,436) |
|
|
(4,392,436) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(4,392,436) |
|
| Administrative expenses |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(175,765) |
|
|
(175,765) |
|
| Finance expense |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(138,402) |
|
|
(138,402) |
|
| Depreciation and amortization expense |
|
(70,342) |
|
|
(53,140) |
|
|
(124,010) |
|
|
(15,232) |
|
|
(18,006) |
|
|
(57) |
|
|
(280,787) |
|
|
(280,787) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(280,787) |
|
| The entity’s interest in the income of associates and joint ventures accounted for by the equity method |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
593 |
|
|
593 |
|
| Income before taxes |
|
222,403 |
|
|
536,434 |
|
|
2,224,445 |
|
|
33,872 |
|
|
59,453 |
|
|
(1,553) |
|
|
3,075,054 |
|
|
3,075,054 |
|
|
(268,036) |
|
|
2,807,018 |
|
| Income tax expense |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,876,751) |
|
|
(1,876,751) |
|
| Net income (loss) |
|
222,403 |
|
|
536,434 |
|
|
2,224,445 |
|
|
33,872 |
|
|
59,453 |
|
|
(1,553) |
|
|
3,075,054 |
|
|
3,075,054 |
|
|
(2,144,787) |
|
|
930,267 |
|
| Assets |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,778,837 |
|
|
10,778,837 |
|
| Equity-accounted investees |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
86,417 |
|
|
86,417 |
|
| Incorporation of non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets, net defined benefit assets and rights arising from insurance contracts |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,785,385 |
|
|
2,785,385 |
|
| Liabilities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
6,301,408 |
|
|
6,301,408 |
|
| Impairment loss of financial assets recognized in income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
202 |
|
|
202 |
|
| Impairment loss of non-financial assets recognized in income |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(47,068) |
|
|
(47,068) |
|
| Cash flows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash flows from operating activities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(196,639) |
|
|
(196,639) |
|
| Cash flows used in investing activities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,481,493) |
|
|
(1,481,493) |
|
| Cash flows from financing activities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
66,261 |
|
|
66,261 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Operating segment items for the year ended December 31, 2022 |
|
Specialty
plant
nutrients |
|
Iodine and its
derivatives |
|
Lithium and
its derivatives |
|
Industrial
chemicals |
|
Potassium |
|
Other
products
and services |
|
Reportable
segments |
|
Operating
segments |
|
Unallocated
amounts |
|
Total as of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Revenue |
|
1,172,334 |
|
|
754,339 |
|
|
8,152,939 |
|
|
165,200 |
|
|
437,180 |
|
|
28,586 |
|
|
10,710,578 |
|
|
10,710,578 |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,710,578 |
|
| Revenues from transactions with other operating segments of the same entity |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Revenues from external customers and transactions with other operating segments of the same entity |
|
1,172,334 |
|
|
754,339 |
|
|
8,152,939 |
|
|
165,200 |
|
|
437,180 |
|
|
28,586 |
|
|
10,710,578 |
|
|
10,710,578 |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,710,578 |
|
| Costs of sales |
|
(722,261) |
|
|
(282,100) |
|
|
(3,636,852) |
|
|
(112,247) |
|
|
(193,581) |
|
|
(26,912) |
|
|
(4,973,953) |
|
|
(4,973,953) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(4,973,953) |
|
| Administrative expenses |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(142,644) |
|
|
(142,644) |
|
| Finance expense |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(86,651) |
|
|
(86,651) |
|
| Depreciation and amortization expense |
|
(63,321) |
|
|
(53,734) |
|
|
(88,510) |
|
|
(14,724) |
|
|
(24,043) |
|
|
(126) |
|
|
(244,458) |
|
|
(244,458) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(244,458) |
|
| The entity’s interest in the income of associates and joint ventures accounted for by the equity method |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
20,159 |
|
|
20,159 |
|
| Income before taxes |
|
450,073 |
|
|
472,239 |
|
|
4,516,087 |
|
|
52,953 |
|
|
243,599 |
|
|
1,674 |
|
|
5,736,625 |
|
|
5,736,625 |
|
|
(250,129) |
|
|
5,486,496 |
|
| Income tax expense |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,572,212) |
|
|
(1,572,212) |
|
| Net income (loss) |
|
450,073 |
|
|
472,239 |
|
|
4,516,087 |
|
|
52,953 |
|
|
243,599 |
|
|
1,674 |
|
|
5,736,625 |
|
|
5,736,625 |
|
|
(1,822,341) |
|
|
3,914,284 |
|
| Assets |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,819,101 |
|
|
10,819,101 |
|
| Equity-accounted investees |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
54,386 |
|
|
54,386 |
|
| Incorporation of non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets, net defined benefit assets and rights arising from insurance contracts |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,757,581 |
|
|
1,757,581 |
|
| Liabilities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,887,100 |
|
|
5,887,100 |
|
| Impairment loss of financial assets recognized in income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,369 |
|
|
3,369 |
|
| Impairment loss of non-financial assets recognized in income |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(42,233) |
|
|
(42,233) |
|
| Cash flows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash flows from operating activities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,077,595 |
|
|
4,077,595 |
|
| Cash flows used in investing activities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(909,401) |
|
|
(909,401) |
|
| Cash flows from financing activities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,002,969) |
|
|
(2,002,969) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Operating segment items for the year ended December 31, 2021 |
|
Specialty
plant
nutrients |
|
Iodine and its
derivatives |
|
Lithium and
its derivatives |
|
Industrial
chemicals |
|
Potassium |
|
Other
products
and services |
|
Reportable
segments |
|
Operating
segments |
|
Unallocated
amounts |
|
Total as of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Revenue |
|
908,815 |
|
|
437,931 |
|
|
936,121 |
|
|
132,011 |
|
|
416,592 |
|
|
30,845 |
|
|
2,862,315 |
|
|
2,862,315 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,862,315 |
|
| Revenues from transactions with other operating segments of the same entity |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Revenues from external customers and transactions with other operating segments of the same entity |
|
908,815 |
|
|
437,931 |
|
|
936,121 |
|
|
132,011 |
|
|
416,592 |
|
|
30,845 |
|
|
2,862,315 |
|
|
2,862,315 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,862,315 |
|
| Costs of sales |
|
(646,930) |
|
|
(240,341) |
|
|
(494,794) |
|
|
(109,067) |
|
|
(253,125) |
|
|
(27,951) |
|
|
(1,772,208) |
|
|
(1,772,208) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,772,208) |
|
| Administrative expenses |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(118,893) |
|
|
(118,893) |
|
| Finance expense |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(84,626) |
|
|
(84,626) |
|
| Depreciation and amortization expense |
|
(58,808) |
|
|
(41,215) |
|
|
(65,014) |
|
|
(13,743) |
|
|
(35,290) |
|
|
(169) |
|
|
(214,239) |
|
|
(214,239) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(214,239) |
|
| The entity’s interest in the income of associates and joint ventures accounted for by the equity method |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
11,132 |
|
|
11,132 |
|
| Income before taxes |
|
261,885 |
|
|
197,590 |
|
|
441,327 |
|
|
22,944 |
|
|
163,467 |
|
|
2,894 |
|
|
1,090,107 |
|
|
1,090,107 |
|
|
(248,886) |
|
|
841,221 |
|
| Income tax expense |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(249,016) |
|
|
(249,016) |
|
| Net income (loss) |
|
261,885 |
|
|
197,590 |
|
|
441,327 |
|
|
22,944 |
|
|
163,467 |
|
|
2,894 |
|
|
1,090,107 |
|
|
1,090,107 |
|
|
(497,902) |
|
|
592,205 |
|
| Assets |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,180,201 |
|
|
7,180,201 |
|
| Equity-accounted investees |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
39,824 |
|
|
39,824 |
|
| Incorporation of non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets, net defined benefit assets and rights arising from insurance contracts |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
152,663 |
|
|
152,663 |
|
| Other Liabilities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,964,230 |
|
|
3,964,230 |
|
| Impairment loss of financial assets recognized in income |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(235) |
|
|
(235) |
|
| Impairment loss of non-financial assets recognized in income |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(6,060) |
|
|
(6,060) |
|
| Cash flows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash flows from operating activities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
822,520 |
|
|
822,520 |
|
| Cash flows used in investing activities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,006,943) |
|
|
(1,006,943) |
|
| Cash flows from financing activities |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,206,485 |
|
|
1,206,485 |
|
22.3 Statement of comprehensive income classified by reportable segments based on groups of products
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Items in the statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31,2023 |
|
Specialty plant nutrients |
|
Iodine and its derivatives |
|
Lithium and its derivatives |
|
Industrial chemicals |
|
Potassium |
|
Other products and services |
|
Corporate Unit |
|
Total segments and Corporate unit |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Revenue |
|
913,912 |
|
892,151 |
|
5,180,114 |
|
175,223 |
|
279,050 |
|
27,040 |
|
— |
|
7,467,490 |
| Costs of sales |
|
(691,509) |
|
|
(355,717) |
|
|
(2,955,669) |
|
|
(141,351) |
|
|
(219,597) |
|
|
(28,593) |
|
|
— |
|
(4,392,436) |
|
| Gross profit |
|
222,403 |
|
536,434 |
|
2,224,445 |
|
33,872 |
|
59,453 |
|
(1,553) |
|
— |
|
3,075,054 |
| Other incomes by function |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
40,557 |
|
40,557 |
| Administrative expenses |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(175,765) |
|
|
(175,765) |
|
| Other expenses by function |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(93,400) |
|
|
(93,400) |
|
| Impairment of gains and review of impairment losses (impairment losses) determined in accordance with IFRS 9 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
202 |
|
202 |
| Other losses |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(2,254) |
|
(2,254) |
| Financial income |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
122,726 |
|
122,726 |
| Financial costs |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(138,402) |
|
|
(138,402) |
|
| Interest in the income of associates and joint ventures accounted for by the equity method |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
593 |
|
593 |
| Exchange differences |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(22,293) |
|
|
(22,293) |
|
| Income before taxes |
|
222,403 |
|
536,434 |
|
2,224,445 |
|
33,872 |
|
59,453 |
|
(1,553) |
|
(268,036) |
|
|
2,807,018 |
| Income tax expense |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(1,876,751) |
|
|
(1,876,751) |
|
| Net income |
|
222,403 |
|
536,434 |
|
2,224,445 |
|
33,872 |
|
59,453 |
|
(1,553) |
|
(2,144,787) |
|
|
930,267 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Items in the statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31,2022 |
|
Specialty plant nutrients |
|
Iodine and its derivatives |
|
Lithium and its derivatives |
|
Industrial chemicals |
|
Potassium |
|
Other products and services |
|
Corporate Unit |
|
Total segments and Corporate unit |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Revenue |
|
1,172,334 |
|
754,339 |
|
8,152,939 |
|
165,200 |
|
437,180 |
|
28,586 |
|
— |
|
10,710,578 |
| Costs of sales |
|
(722,261) |
|
|
(282,100) |
|
|
(3,636,852) |
|
|
(112,247) |
|
|
(193,581) |
|
|
(26,912) |
|
|
— |
|
(4,973,953) |
|
| Gross profit |
|
450,073 |
|
472,239 |
|
4,516,087 |
|
52,953 |
|
243,599 |
|
1,674 |
|
— |
|
5,736,625 |
| Other incomes by function |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
9,854 |
|
9,854 |
| Administrative expenses |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(142,644) |
|
|
(142,644) |
|
| Other expenses by function |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(75,971) |
|
|
(75,971) |
|
| Impairment of gains and review of impairment losses (impairment losses) determined in accordance with IFRS 9 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
3,369 |
|
|
3,369 |
|
| Other gains |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
117 |
|
|
117 |
|
| Financial income |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
47,038 |
|
47,038 |
| Financial costs |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(86,651) |
|
|
(86,651) |
|
| Interest in the income of associates and joint ventures accounted for by the equity method |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
20,159 |
|
20,159 |
| Exchange differences |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(25,400) |
|
|
(25,400) |
|
| Income before taxes |
|
450,073 |
|
472,239 |
|
4,516,087 |
|
52,953 |
|
243,599 |
|
1,674 |
|
(250,129) |
|
|
5,486,496 |
| Income tax expense |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(1,572,212) |
|
|
(1,572,212) |
|
| Net income |
|
450,073 |
|
472,239 |
|
4,516,087 |
|
52,953 |
|
243,599 |
|
1,674 |
|
(1,822,341) |
|
|
3,914,284 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Items in the statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31,2021 |
|
Specialty plant nutrients |
|
Iodine and its derivatives |
|
Lithium and its derivatives |
|
Industrial chemicals |
|
Potassium |
|
Other products and services |
|
Corporate Unit |
|
Total segments and Corporate unit |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Revenue |
|
908,815 |
|
437,931 |
|
936,121 |
|
132,011 |
|
416,592 |
|
30,845 |
|
— |
|
2,862,315 |
| Cost of sales |
|
(646,930) |
|
|
(240,341) |
|
|
(494,794) |
|
|
(109,067) |
|
|
(253,125) |
|
|
(27,951) |
|
|
— |
|
(1,772,208) |
|
| Gross profit |
|
261,885 |
|
197,590 |
|
441,327 |
|
22,944 |
|
163,467 |
|
2,894 |
|
— |
|
1,090,107 |
| Other incomes by function |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
19,552 |
|
19,552 |
| Administrative expenses |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(118,893) |
|
|
(118,893) |
|
| Other expenses by function |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(60,605) |
|
|
(60,605) |
|
| Impairment of gains and review of impairment losses (impairment losses) determined in accordance with IFRS 9 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(235) |
|
(235) |
| Other losses |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(2,638) |
|
|
(2,638) |
|
| Financial income |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
4,668 |
|
4,668 |
| Financial costs |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(84,626) |
|
|
(84,626) |
|
| Interest in the income of associates and joint ventures accounted for by the equity method |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
11,132 |
|
11,132 |
| Exchange differences |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(17,241) |
|
|
(17,241) |
|
| Income before taxes |
|
261,885 |
|
197,590 |
|
441,327 |
|
22,944 |
|
163,467 |
|
2,894 |
|
(248,886) |
|
|
841,221 |
| Income tax expense |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(249,016) |
|
|
(249,016) |
|
| Net income from continuing operations |
|
261,885 |
|
197,590 |
|
441,327 |
|
22,944 |
|
163,467 |
|
2,894 |
|
(497,902) |
|
|
592,205 |
22.4 Disclosures on geographical areas
As indicated in paragraph 33 of IFRS 8, the entity discloses geographical information on its revenue from operating activities with external customers and from non-current assets that are not financial instruments, deferred income tax assets, assets related to post-employment benefits or rights derived from insurance contracts.
22.5 Disclosures on main customers
With respect to the degree of dependency of the Company on its customers, in accordance with paragraph 34 of IFRS 8, the Company has no external customers who individually represent 10% or more of its revenue.
22.6 Segments by geographical areas
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Segments by geographical areas |
|
Chile |
|
Latin America and the
Caribbean |
|
Europe |
|
North America |
|
Asia and others |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Revenue at December 31, 2023 |
|
169,681 |
|
|
210,299 |
|
|
828,112 |
|
|
783,611 |
|
|
5,475,787 |
|
|
7,467,490 |
|
| Non-current assets at December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Investment accounted for under the equity method |
|
— |
|
|
22,490 |
|
|
42,726 |
|
|
17,657 |
|
|
3,544 |
|
|
86,417 |
|
| Intangible assets other than goodwill |
|
67,671 |
|
|
360 |
|
|
6,440 |
|
|
876 |
|
|
80,527 |
|
|
155,874 |
|
| Goodwill |
|
— |
|
|
86 |
|
|
148 |
|
|
724 |
|
|
— |
|
|
958 |
|
| Property, plant and equipment, net |
|
2,888,778 |
|
|
776 |
|
|
14,485 |
|
|
6,322 |
|
|
699,576 |
|
|
3,609,937 |
|
| Right-of-use assets |
|
32,359 |
|
|
19 |
|
|
3,716 |
|
|
8,619 |
|
|
28,480 |
|
|
73,193 |
|
| Other non-current assets |
|
60,363 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,099 |
|
|
308,220 |
|
|
373,700 |
|
| Non-current assets |
|
3,049,171 |
|
|
23,749 |
|
|
67,515 |
|
|
39,297 |
|
|
1,120,347 |
|
|
4,300,079 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Segments by geographical areas |
|
Chile |
|
Latin America and the
Caribbean |
|
Europe |
|
North America |
|
Asia and others |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 |
|
223,148 |
|
339,940 |
|
932,558 |
|
914,187 |
|
8,300,745 |
|
10,710,578 |
| Non-current assets at December 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Investment accounted for under the equity method |
|
— |
|
20,792 |
|
15,939 |
|
17,655 |
|
— |
|
54,386 |
| Intangible assets other than goodwill |
|
75,666 |
|
428 |
|
6,497 |
|
1,345 |
|
82,400 |
|
166,336 |
| Goodwill |
|
— |
|
86 |
|
158 |
|
723 |
|
— |
|
967 |
| Property, plant and equipment, net |
|
2,269,923 |
|
743 |
|
14,978 |
|
4,506 |
|
436,688 |
|
2,726,838 |
| Right-of-use assets |
|
32,312 |
|
47 |
|
1,651 |
|
2,739 |
|
24,118 |
|
60,867 |
| Other non-current assets |
|
46,640 |
|
17 |
|
6 |
|
4,706 |
|
1,027 |
|
52,396 |
| Non-current assets |
|
2,424,541 |
|
22,113 |
|
39,229 |
|
31,674 |
|
544,233 |
|
3,061,790 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Segments by geographical areas |
|
Chile |
|
Latin America and the
Caribbean |
|
Europe |
|
North America |
|
Asia and others |
|
Total |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021 |
|
219,648 |
|
326,287 |
|
482,765 |
|
558,002 |
|
1,275,613 |
|
2,862,315 |
| Non-current assets at December 31, 2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Investment accounted for under the equity method |
|
— |
|
8,683 |
|
15,242 |
|
15,899 |
|
— |
|
39,824 |
| Intangible assets other than goodwill |
|
89,019 |
|
496 |
|
6,996 |
|
1,809 |
|
81,338 |
|
179,658 |
| Goodwill |
|
22,979 |
|
86 |
|
11,531 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
34,596 |
| Property, plant and equipment, net |
|
1,815,997 |
|
671 |
|
11,380 |
|
3,704 |
|
180,473 |
|
2,012,225 |
| Right-of-use assets |
|
29,803 |
|
68 |
|
2,040 |
|
3,351 |
|
17,346 |
|
52,608 |
| Other non-current assets |
|
27,626 |
|
16 |
|
6 |
|
3,950 |
|
1,889 |
|
33,487 |
| Non-current assets |
|
1,985,424 |
|
10,020 |
|
47,195 |
|
28,713 |
|
281,046 |
|
2,352,398 |
Note 23 Effect of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates
(a)Reserves for foreign currency exchange differences:
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, are detailed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Details |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Changes in equity generated by the equity method value through conversion: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comercial Hydro S.A. |
|
1,004 |
|
1,004 |
|
1,004 |
| SQMC Internacional Ltda. |
|
(9) |
|
|
(9) |
|
|
(9) |
|
| Proinsa Ltda. |
|
(10) |
|
|
(10) |
|
|
(10) |
|
| Comercial Agrorama Ltda. |
|
188 |
|
175 |
|
155 |
|
| Isapre Norte Grande Ltda. |
|
(147) |
|
|
(130) |
|
|
(121) |
|
| Almacenes y Depósitos Ltda. |
|
662 |
|
568 |
|
305 |
| Sacal S.A. |
|
(3) |
|
|
(3) |
|
|
(3) |
|
| Sociedad Prestadora de Servicios de Salud Cruz del Norte S.A. |
|
(41) |
|
|
(38) |
|
|
(36) |
|
| Agrorama S.A. |
|
730 |
|
666 |
|
628 |
| SQM Vitas Fzco |
|
(1,164) |
|
|
(3,614) |
|
|
(4,165) |
|
| Ajay Europe |
|
(1,529) |
|
|
(1,911) |
|
|
(1,413) |
|
| SQM Oceanía Pty Ltd. |
|
(579) |
|
|
(579) |
|
|
(579) |
|
| SQM Indonesia S.A. |
|
(124) |
|
|
(124) |
|
|
(124) |
|
| Abu Dhabi Fertillizers Industries WWL. |
|
— |
|
— |
|
372 |
| SQM Holland B.V. |
|
99 |
|
99 |
|
99 |
| SQM Thailand Limited |
|
(68) |
|
|
(68) |
|
|
(68) |
|
| SQM Europe |
|
(1,983) |
|
|
(1,983) |
|
|
(1,983) |
|
| SQM Australia Pty Ltd. |
|
(1,643) |
|
|
(1,642) |
|
|
(1,732) |
|
| Pavoni & C. Spa |
|
(224) |
|
|
(363) |
|
|
(153) |
| SQM Colombia S.A.S. |
|
(80) |
|
|
(80) |
|
|
(80) |
|
| Total |
|
(4,921) |
|
|
(8,042) |
|
|
(7,913) |
|
(b)Functional and presentation currency
The functional currency of these companies corresponds to the currency of the country of origin of each entity, and its presentation currency is the dollar.
(c)Reasons to use one presentation currency and a different functional currency
–A relevant portion of the revenues of these subsidiaries are associated with the local currency.
–The cost structure of these companies is affected by the local currency.
Note 24 Disclosures on the effects of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates
a)Assets held in foreign currency subject to fluctuations in exchange rates are detailed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Class of Asset |
|
Currency |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
USD |
|
855,001 |
|
|
1,637,507 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
CLP |
|
3,425 |
|
|
806,106 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
CNY |
|
31,362 |
|
|
92,394 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
EUR |
|
11,183 |
|
|
14,963 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
GBP |
|
26 |
|
|
1 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
AUD |
|
108,883 |
|
|
89,602 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
MXN |
|
649 |
|
|
1,406 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
AED |
|
6 |
|
|
2 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
JPY |
|
899 |
|
|
686 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
NOK |
|
8 |
|
|
— |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
ZAR |
|
10,559 |
|
|
11,647 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
KRW |
|
19,364 |
|
|
918 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
IDR |
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
PLN |
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
| Subtotal cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
1,041,369 |
|
|
2,655,236 |
|
| Other current financial assets |
|
USD |
|
879,612 |
|
|
722,165 |
|
| Other current financial assets |
|
BRL |
|
10 |
|
|
39 |
|
| Other current financial assets |
|
CLP |
|
446,221 |
|
|
239,151 |
|
| Subtotal other current financial assets |
|
|
|
1,325,843 |
|
|
961,355 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
USD |
|
22,092 |
|
|
35,237 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
AUD |
|
4,870 |
|
|
9,516 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
CLF |
|
227 |
|
|
259 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
CLP |
|
85,079 |
|
|
85,608 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
CNY |
|
529 |
|
|
56,404 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
EUR |
|
1,304 |
|
|
1,046 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
COP |
|
294 |
|
|
217 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
MXN |
|
2,014 |
|
|
4,685 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
THB |
|
2 |
|
|
2 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
JPY |
|
2,267 |
|
|
158 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
ZAR |
|
41 |
|
|
3,203 |
|
| Other current non-financial assets |
|
KRW |
|
18,031 |
|
|
— |
|
| Subtotal other non-financial current assets |
|
|
|
136,750 |
|
|
196,335 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
USD |
|
516,261 |
|
|
788,596 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
BRL |
|
8 |
|
|
22 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
CLF |
|
1,330 |
|
|
550 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
CLP |
|
61,146 |
|
|
58,412 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
CNY |
|
282,117 |
|
|
161,492 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
EUR |
|
25,542 |
|
|
36,318 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
GBP |
|
147 |
|
|
76 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
MXN |
|
670 |
|
|
889 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
AED |
|
1,467 |
|
|
3,116 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
JPY |
|
382 |
|
|
129 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
AUD |
|
2,598 |
|
|
1,708 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
ZAR |
|
12,295 |
|
|
33,361 |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
KRW |
|
8 |
|
|
— |
|
| Trade and other receivables |
|
COP |
|
3,210 |
|
|
2,751 |
|
| Subtotal trade and other receivables |
|
|
|
907,181 |
|
|
1,087,420 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Class of Asset |
|
Currency |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Receivables from related parties |
|
USD |
|
40,236 |
|
|
79,331 |
|
| Receivables from related parties |
|
EUR |
|
3,017 |
|
|
1,250 |
|
| Receivables from related parties |
|
AUD |
|
— |
|
|
1,041 |
|
| Subtotal receivables from related parties |
|
|
|
43,253 |
|
|
81,622 |
|
| Current inventories |
|
USD |
|
1,774,594 |
|
1,784,281 |
| Subtotal Current Inventories |
|
|
|
1,774,594 |
|
1,784,281 |
| Current tax assets |
|
USD |
|
611,841 |
|
127,068 |
| Current tax assets |
|
BRL |
|
2 |
|
|
1 |
|
| Current tax assets |
|
CLP |
|
3,637 |
|
|
2,125 |
|
| Current tax assets |
|
EUR |
|
13,556 |
|
|
14,042 |
|
| Current tax assets |
|
MXN |
|
5,216 |
|
|
59 |
|
| Current tax assets |
|
JPY |
|
11 |
|
|
— |
|
| Current tax assets |
|
CNY |
|
— |
|
|
77,397 |
|
| Current tax assets |
|
ZAR |
|
29 |
|
|
28 |
|
| Current tax assets |
|
COP |
|
2,741 |
|
|
1,481 |
|
| Current tax assets |
|
KRW |
|
— |
|
|
2,713 |
|
| Subtotal current tax assets |
|
|
|
637,033 |
|
|
224,914 |
|
| Non-current assets or groups of assets classified as held for sale |
|
USD |
|
118 |
|
|
346 |
|
| Subtotal Non-current assets or groups of assets classified as held for sale |
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
346 |
|
| Total current assets |
|
|
|
5,866,141 |
|
|
6,991,509 |
|
| Other non-current financial assets |
|
USD |
|
248,281 |
|
|
32,126 |
|
| Subtotal Other non-current financial assets |
|
|
|
248,281 |
|
|
32,126 |
|
| Other non-current non-financial assets |
|
USD |
|
65,616 |
|
|
52,396 |
|
| Other non-current non-financial assets |
|
CNY |
|
308,084 |
|
|
— |
|
| Subtotal Other non-current non-financial assets |
|
|
|
373,700 |
|
|
52,396 |
|
| Other receivables, non-current |
|
USD |
|
705 |
|
|
713 |
|
| Other receivables, non-current |
|
CLF |
|
9 |
|
|
77 |
|
| Other receivables, non-current |
|
MXN |
|
179 |
|
|
88 |
|
| Other receivables, non-current |
|
KRW |
|
667 |
|
|
— |
|
| Other receivables, non-current |
|
CLP |
|
999 |
|
|
1,213 |
|
| Subtotal Other receivables, non-current |
|
|
|
2,559 |
|
|
2,091 |
|
| Investments classified using the equity method of accounting |
|
USD |
|
76,532 |
|
|
22,959 |
|
| Investments classified using the equity method of accounting |
|
AED |
|
2,778 |
|
|
19,597 |
|
| Investments classified using the equity method of accounting |
|
EUR |
|
7,107 |
|
|
11,830 |
|
| Subtotal Investments classified using the equity method of accounting |
|
|
|
86,417 |
|
|
54,386 |
|
| Intangible assets other than goodwill |
|
USD |
|
155,874 |
|
|
166,336 |
|
| Subtotal intangible assets other than goodwill |
|
|
|
155,874 |
|
|
166,336 |
|
| Purchases goodwill, gross |
|
USD |
|
958 |
|
|
967 |
|
| Subtotal Purchases goodwill, gross |
|
|
|
958 |
|
|
967 |
|
| Property, plant and equipment |
|
USD |
|
3,609,937 |
|
|
2,726,838 |
|
| Subtotal property, plant and equipment |
|
|
|
3,609,937 |
|
|
2,726,838 |
|
| Right-of-use assets |
|
USD |
|
73,193 |
|
|
60,867 |
|
| Subtotal Right-of-use assets |
|
|
|
73,193 |
|
|
60,867 |
|
| Non-current tax assets |
|
USD |
|
59,541 |
|
|
127,114 |
|
| Subtotal non-current tax assets |
|
|
|
59,541 |
|
|
127,114 |
|
| Deferred tax assets |
|
USD |
|
302,236 |
|
|
604,471 |
|
| Subtotal Deferred tax assets |
|
|
|
302,236 |
|
|
604,471 |
|
| Total non-current assets |
|
|
|
4,912,696 |
|
|
3,827,592 |
|
| Total assets |
|
|
|
10,778,837 |
|
|
10,819,101 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Class of liability |
|
Currency |
|
Up to 90 days |
|
More than 90
days to 1 year |
|
Total |
|
Up to 90 days |
|
More than 90
days to 1 year |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other current financial liabilities |
|
USD |
|
773,314 |
|
|
462,656 |
|
|
1,235,970 |
|
|
120,652 |
|
|
381,922 |
|
|
502,574 |
|
| Other current financial liabilities |
|
CLF |
|
20,191 |
|
|
338 |
|
|
20,529 |
|
|
20,094 |
|
|
331 |
|
|
20,425 |
|
| Subtotal other current financial liabilities |
|
|
|
793,505 |
|
|
462,994 |
|
|
1,256,499 |
|
|
140,746 |
|
|
382,253 |
|
|
522,999 |
|
| Lease liabilities, current |
|
USD |
|
— |
|
|
9,293 |
|
|
9,293 |
|
|
— |
|
|
6,549 |
|
|
6,549 |
|
| Lease liabilities, current |
|
CLF |
|
— |
|
|
2,284 |
|
|
2,284 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,331 |
|
|
2,331 |
|
| Lease liabilities, current |
|
MXN |
|
— |
|
|
3,573 |
|
|
3,573 |
|
|
— |
|
|
436 |
|
|
436 |
|
| Lease liabilities, current |
|
EUR |
|
— |
|
|
438 |
|
|
438 |
|
|
— |
|
|
387 |
|
|
387 |
|
| Lease liabilities, current |
|
AUD |
|
— |
|
|
2,604 |
|
|
2,604 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,446 |
|
|
2,446 |
|
| Subtotal Lease liabilities, current |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
18,192 |
|
|
18,192 |
|
|
— |
|
|
12,149 |
|
|
12,149 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
USD |
|
87,043 |
|
|
7,310 |
|
|
94,353 |
|
|
121,260 |
|
|
110 |
|
|
121,370 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
CLF |
|
3,614 |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,614 |
|
|
2,618 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,618 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
BRL |
|
12 |
|
|
— |
|
|
12 |
|
|
10 |
|
|
— |
|
|
10 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
THB |
|
4 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
CLP |
|
227,990 |
|
|
52 |
|
|
228,042 |
|
|
162,470 |
|
|
— |
|
|
162,470 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
CNY |
|
28,562 |
|
|
— |
|
|
28,562 |
|
|
4,757 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,757 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
EUR |
|
52,883 |
|
|
6,399 |
|
|
59,282 |
|
|
56,118 |
|
|
564 |
|
|
56,682 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
GBP |
|
18 |
|
|
— |
|
|
18 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
— |
|
|
18 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
MXN |
|
1,499 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,499 |
|
|
802 |
|
|
— |
|
|
802 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
AUD |
|
32,439 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
32,446 |
|
|
24,394 |
|
|
— |
|
|
24,394 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
ZAR |
|
984 |
|
|
— |
|
|
984 |
|
|
1,256 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,256 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
AED |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
72 |
|
|
— |
|
|
72 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
JPY |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
CHF |
|
21 |
|
|
— |
|
|
21 |
|
|
32 |
|
|
— |
|
|
32 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
COP |
|
302 |
|
|
— |
|
|
302 |
|
|
115 |
|
|
— |
|
|
115 |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
CAD |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Trade and other payables |
|
KRW |
|
492 |
|
|
— |
|
|
492 |
|
|
189 |
|
|
— |
|
|
189 |
|
| Subtotal trade and other payables |
|
|
|
435,865 |
|
|
13,768 |
|
|
449,633 |
|
|
374,115 |
|
|
674 |
|
|
374,789 |
|
| Trade payables due to related parties |
|
AUD |
|
2,346 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,346 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Subtotal Trade payables due to related parties |
|
|
|
2,346 |
|
— |
|
2,346 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
| Other current provisions |
|
USD |
|
384,972 |
|
|
6,793 |
|
|
391,765 |
|
|
1,300,878 |
|
|
2,051 |
|
|
1,302,929 |
|
| Other current provisions |
|
CLP |
|
332 |
|
|
— |
|
|
332 |
|
|
— |
|
|
217 |
|
|
217 |
|
| Other current provisions |
|
JPY |
|
225 |
|
|
— |
|
|
225 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Class of liability |
|
Currency |
|
Up to 90 days |
|
More than 90
days to 1 year |
|
Total |
|
Up to 90 days |
|
More than 90
days to 1 year |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Subtotal other current provisions |
|
|
|
385,529 |
|
|
6,793 |
|
|
392,322 |
|
|
1,300,878 |
|
|
2,268 |
|
|
1,303,146 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current tax liabilities |
|
USD |
|
162,743 |
|
|
9,805 |
|
|
172,548 |
|
|
— |
|
|
348,658 |
|
|
348,658 |
|
| Current tax liabilities |
|
CLP |
|
— |
|
|
513 |
|
|
513 |
|
|
— |
|
|
999 |
|
|
999 |
|
| Current tax liabilities |
|
EUR |
|
— |
|
|
4,850 |
|
|
4,850 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,386 |
|
|
1,386 |
|
| Current tax liabilities |
|
MXN |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,568 |
|
|
5,568 |
|
| Current tax liabilities |
|
AUD |
|
— |
|
|
169 |
|
|
169 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Current tax liabilities |
|
KRW |
|
— |
|
|
5,197 |
|
|
5,197 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Current tax liabilities |
|
CNY |
|
— |
|
|
356 |
|
|
356 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Subtotal current tax liabilities |
|
|
|
162,743 |
|
|
20,890 |
|
|
183,633 |
|
|
— |
|
|
356,611 |
|
|
356,611 |
|
| Provisions for employee benefits, current |
|
USD |
|
21,575 |
|
|
— |
|
|
21,575 |
|
|
25,867 |
|
|
8,631 |
|
|
34,498 |
|
| Provisions for employee benefits, current |
|
AUD |
|
492 |
|
|
— |
|
|
492 |
|
|
390 |
|
|
— |
|
|
390 |
|
| Provisions for employee benefits, current |
|
EUR |
|
560 |
|
|
— |
|
|
560 |
|
|
385 |
|
|
— |
|
|
385 |
|
| Provisions for employee benefits, current |
|
CLP |
|
1,117 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,117 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Provisions for employee benefits, current |
|
MXN |
|
202 |
|
|
— |
|
|
202 |
|
|
103 |
|
|
— |
|
|
103 |
|
| Subtotal Provisions for employee benefits, current |
|
|
|
23,946 |
|
|
— |
|
|
23,946 |
|
|
26,745 |
|
|
8,631 |
|
|
35,376 |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
USD |
|
57,114 |
|
|
61,037 |
|
|
118,151 |
|
|
393,401 |
|
|
98 |
|
|
393,499 |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
BRL |
|
17 |
|
|
— |
|
|
17 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1 |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
CLP |
|
32,780 |
|
|
24,787 |
|
|
57,567 |
|
|
8,281 |
|
|
39,456 |
|
|
47,737 |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
CNY |
|
134 |
|
|
— |
|
|
134 |
|
|
92 |
|
|
— |
|
|
92 |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
EUR |
|
669 |
|
|
969 |
|
|
1,638 |
|
|
1,564 |
|
|
250 |
|
|
1,814 |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
MXN |
|
966 |
|
|
16 |
|
|
982 |
|
|
725 |
|
|
14 |
|
|
739 |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
JPY |
|
49 |
|
|
— |
|
|
49 |
|
|
47 |
|
|
— |
|
|
47 |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
PEN |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
COP |
|
202 |
|
|
— |
|
|
202 |
|
|
250 |
|
|
— |
|
|
250 |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
ARS |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
26 |
|
|
— |
|
|
26 |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
ZAR |
|
550 |
|
|
— |
|
|
550 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
| Other current non-financial liabilities |
|
KRW |
|
8,015 |
|
|
— |
|
|
8,015 |
|
|
2,271 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,271 |
|
| Subtotal other current non-financial liabilities |
|
|
|
100,496 |
|
|
86,809 |
|
|
187,305 |
|
|
406,658 |
|
|
39,819 |
|
|
446,477 |
|
| Total current liabilities |
|
|
|
1,904,430 |
|
|
609,446 |
|
|
2,513,876 |
|
|
2,249,142 |
|
|
802,405 |
|
|
3,051,547 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
| Class of liability |
|
Currency |
|
Over 1 year to 2
years |
|
Over 2 years to 3
years |
|
Over 3 years to 4
years |
|
Over 4 years to 5
years |
|
Over 5 years |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other non-current financial liabilities |
|
USD |
|
249,963 |
|
195,833 |
|
99,685 |
|
— |
|
2,271,326 |
|
2,816,807 |
| Other non-current financial liabilities |
|
CLF |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
396,615 |
|
396,615 |
| Subtotal Other non-current financial liabilities |
|
|
|
249,963 |
|
195,833 |
|
99,685 |
|
— |
|
2,667,941 |
|
3,213,422 |
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
USD |
|
— |
|
13,059 |
|
— |
|
4,843 |
|
— |
|
17,902 |
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
CLP |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
21 |
|
— |
|
21 |
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
CLF |
|
— |
|
8,971 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
8,971 |
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
MXN |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
4,235 |
|
— |
|
4,235 |
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
EUR |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
3,315 |
|
— |
|
3,315 |
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
AUD |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
22,522 |
|
— |
|
22,522 |
| Subtotal non-current lease liabilities |
|
|
|
— |
|
22,030 |
|
— |
|
34,936 |
|
— |
|
56,966 |
| Non-current Trade and other payables |
|
USD |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
| Subtotal Non-current Trade and other payables |
|
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
| Other non-current provisions |
|
USD |
|
— |
|
27,599 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
32,851 |
|
60,450 |
| Subtotal Other non-current provisions |
|
|
|
— |
|
27,599 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
32,851 |
|
60,450 |
| Deferred tax liabilities |
|
USD |
|
— |
|
394,688 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
394,688 |
| Subtotal Deferred tax liabilities |
|
|
|
— |
|
394,688 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
394,688 |
| Provisions for employee benefits, non-current |
|
USD |
|
10,008 |
|
8,066 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
440 |
|
18,514 |
| Provisions for employee benefits, non-current |
|
CLP |
|
42,813 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
42,813 |
| Provisions for employee benefits, non-current |
|
MXN |
|
314 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
314 |
| Provisions for employee benefits, non-current |
|
AUD |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
91 |
|
91 |
| Provisions for employee benefits, non-current |
|
JPY |
|
218 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
218 |
| Provisions for employee benefits, non-current |
|
EUR |
|
56 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
56 |
| Subtotal Provisions for employee benefits, non-current |
|
|
|
53,409 |
|
8,066 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
531 |
|
62,006 |
| Total non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
303,372 |
|
648,216 |
|
99,685 |
|
34,936 |
|
2,701,323 |
|
3,787,532 |
| Total liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,301,408 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Class of liability |
|
Currency |
|
Over 1 year to 2
years |
|
Over 2 years to 3
years |
|
Over 3 years to 4
years |
|
Over 4 years to 5
years |
|
Over 5 years |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other non-current financial liabilities |
|
USD |
|
— |
|
|
197,521 |
|
|
249,531 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,544,654 |
|
|
1,991,706 |
|
| Other non-current financial liabilities |
|
CLF |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
402,512 |
|
|
402,512 |
|
| Subtotal Other non-current financial liabilities |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
197,521 |
|
|
249,531 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,947,166 |
|
|
2,394,218 |
|
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
USD |
|
— |
|
|
13,566 |
|
|
— |
|
|
22,500 |
|
|
— |
|
|
36,066 |
|
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
CLP |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
23 |
|
|
— |
|
|
23 |
|
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
CLF |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,982 |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,982 |
|
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
MXN |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,094 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,094 |
|
| Non-current lease liabilities |
|
EUR |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,420 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,420 |
|
| Subtotal non-current lease liabilities |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
13,566 |
|
|
— |
|
|
36,019 |
|
|
— |
|
|
49,585 |
|
| Non-current Trade and other payables |
|
USD |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Subtotal Non-current Trade and other payables |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Other non-current provisions |
|
USD |
|
— |
|
|
3,648 |
|
|
— |
|
|
26,200 |
|
|
28,205 |
|
|
58,053 |
|
| Subtotal Other non-current provisions |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
3,648 |
|
|
— |
|
|
26,200 |
|
|
28,205 |
|
|
58,053 |
|
| Deferred tax liabilities |
|
USD |
|
— |
|
|
289,825 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
289,825 |
|
| Subtotal Deferred tax liabilities |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
289,825 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
289,825 |
|
| Provisions for employee benefits, non-current |
|
USD |
|
34,326 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
9,006 |
|
|
43,332 |
|
| Provisions for employee benefits, non-current |
|
CLP |
|
540 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
540 |
|
| Subtotal Provisions for employee benefits, non-current |
|
|
|
34,866 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
9,006 |
|
|
43,872 |
|
| Total non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
34,866 |
|
|
504,560 |
|
|
249,531 |
|
|
62,219 |
|
|
1,984,377 |
|
|
2,835,553 |
|
| Total liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,887,100 |
|
Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the statement of net income and other comprehensive income.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from January to December of the year |
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Foreign currency loss |
|
(22,293) |
|
(25,400) |
|
(17,241) |
| Foreign currency translation reserve |
|
3,177 |
|
(255) |
|
4,240 |
| Total |
|
(19,116) |
|
(25,655) |
|
(13,001) |
The average and closing exchange rate for foreign currency is disclosed in Note 3.3
Note 25 Income tax and deferred taxes
Tax receivables as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, are as follows:
25.1 Current and non-current tax assets
(a)Current
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current tax assets |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Monthly provisional income tax payments, Chilean companies |
|
584,382 |
|
894 |
| Monthly provisional income tax payments, foreign companies |
|
26,741 |
|
96,906 |
| Corporate tax credits (1) |
|
1,918 |
|
653 |
| 1st category tax absorbed by tax losses (2) |
|
1,872 |
|
169 |
| Taxes in recovery process |
|
22,120 |
|
126,292 |
| Total |
|
637,033 |
|
224,914 |
(b)Non-current
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-current tax assets |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Non current tax receivable (see note 20.3) |
|
59,541 |
|
127,114 |
| Total |
|
59,541 |
|
127,114 |
(1)These credits are available for companies and are related to corporate tax payments in April of the following year. These credits include, among others, credits for training expenses (SENCE), credits for acquisition of fixed assets, donations and credits in Chile for taxes paid abroad.
(2)This concept corresponds to the tax loss absorptions determined by the company at the end of the year, which must be attributed to the dividends received during the year.
25.2 Current tax liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current tax liabilities |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Chilean income tax |
|
636 |
|
337,245 |
| Specific mining tax to lithium mining (see note 20.3) |
|
162,743 |
|
— |
| Foreign company income tax |
|
20,254 |
|
19,366 |
| Total |
|
183,633 |
|
356,611 |
Income tax is calculated based on the income statements or loss for tax purposes that is applied to the effective tax rate applicable in Chile. As established by Law No. 20,780 is 27%.
The royalty is determined by applying the taxable rate to the net operating income obtained, according to the chart in force. The Company currently provisioned 5.49% for mining royalties that involve operations in the Salar de Atacama and 5.00% for caliche extraction operations.
The income tax rate for the main countries where the Company operates is presented below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Country |
|
Income tax
2023 |
|
Income tax
2022 |
| Spain |
|
25 % |
|
25 % |
| Belgium |
|
25 % |
|
25 % |
| Mexico |
|
30 % |
|
30 % |
| United States |
|
21% +3% |
|
21% + 3.51% |
| South Africa |
|
27 % |
|
28 % |
| South Korea |
|
24 % (2) |
|
25 % |
| China |
|
25%+12% (1) |
|
25%+12% (1) |
(1)Additional tax of 12% on VAT payable.
(2)Sliding scale from 9% to 24% of taxable income.
25.3 Income tax and deferred taxes
(a)Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net liability position |
| Description of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 |
|
Assets |
|
Liabilities |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Unrealized loss |
|
321,340 |
|
— |
| Property, plant and equipment and capitalized interest (1) |
|
— |
|
(240,056) |
|
| Restoration and rehabilitation provision |
|
6,336 |
|
— |
| Manufacturing expenses |
|
— |
|
(159,879) |
|
| Employee benefits and unemployment insurance |
|
— |
|
(9,438) |
|
| Vacation accrual |
|
9,373 |
|
— |
| Inventory provision |
|
34,718 |
|
— |
| Materials provision |
|
14,405 |
|
— |
| Others employee benefits |
|
6,561 |
|
— |
| Research and development expenses |
|
— |
|
(16,046) |
|
| Bad debt provision |
|
3,060 |
|
— |
| Provision for legal complaints and expenses |
|
2,932 |
|
— |
| Loan acquisition expenses |
|
— |
|
(12,735) |
|
| Financial instruments recorded at market value |
|
— |
|
(52,016) |
| Specific tax on mining activity |
|
— |
|
(3,303) |
|
| Tax loss benefit |
|
23,340 |
|
— |
| Other |
|
— |
|
(21,119) |
| Foreign items (other) |
|
75 |
|
— |
| Balances to date |
|
422,140 |
|
(514,592) |
|
| Net balance |
|
|
|
(92,452) |
(1)This includes right-of-use assets.
(b)Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net liability position |
| Description of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 |
|
Assets |
|
Liabilities |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Unrealized loss |
|
655,695 |
|
|
— |
|
| Property, plant and equipment and capitalized interest (1) |
|
— |
|
|
(244,560) |
|
| Restoration and rehabilitation provision |
|
4,685 |
|
|
— |
|
| Manufacturing expenses |
|
— |
|
|
(139,383) |
|
| Employee benefits and unemployment insurance |
|
— |
|
|
(8,995) |
|
| Vacation accrual |
|
7,650 |
|
|
— |
|
| Inventory provision |
|
27,512 |
|
|
— |
|
| Materials provision |
|
11,915 |
|
|
— |
|
| Others employee benefits |
|
1,177 |
|
|
— |
|
| Research and development expenses |
|
— |
|
|
(12,294) |
|
| Bad debt provision |
|
715 |
|
|
— |
|
| Provision for legal complaints and expenses |
|
6,827 |
|
|
— |
|
| Loan acquisition expenses |
|
— |
|
|
(8,793) |
|
| Financial instruments recorded at market value |
|
5,226 |
|
|
— |
|
| Specific tax on mining activity |
|
— |
|
|
(5,799) |
|
| Tax loss benefit |
|
10,059 |
|
|
— |
|
| Other |
|
2,913 |
|
|
— |
|
| Foreign items (other) |
|
96 |
|
|
— |
|
| Balances to date |
|
734,470 |
|
|
(419,824) |
|
| Net balance |
|
|
|
314,646 |
|
(1)This item includes right-of-use assets.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities in the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Movements of deferred tax assets and liabilities |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Deferred tax assets |
|
302,236 |
|
604,471 |
| Deferred tax liabilities |
|
(394,688) |
|
|
(289,825) |
|
| Total |
|
(92,452) |
|
314,646 |
|
(c)Reconciliation of changes in deferred tax (liabilities) assets as of December 31, 2023
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Reconciliation of changes in deferred tax assets (liabilities) in deferred tax as of December 31, 2023 |
|
Deferred tax
(liability) asset
at beginning of
period |
|
Deferred tax
(expense)
benefit
recognized in
income for
the year |
|
Deferred taxes
related to items
(credited)
charged
directly to
equity |
|
Total change in deferred taxes |
|
Deferred tax
(liability) asset
at end of
period |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Unrealized loss |
|
655,695 |
|
|
(334,355) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(334,355) |
|
|
321,340 |
|
| Property, plant and equipment and capitalized interest |
|
(244,560) |
|
|
4,504 |
|
|
— |
|
|
4,504 |
|
|
(240,056) |
|
| Restoration and rehabilitation provision |
|
4,685 |
|
|
1,651 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,651 |
|
|
6,336 |
|
| Manufacturing expenses |
|
(139,383) |
|
|
(20,496) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(20,496) |
|
|
(159,879) |
|
| Employee benefits and unemployment insurance |
|
(8,995) |
|
|
(2,020) |
|
|
1,577 |
|
|
(443) |
|
|
(9,438) |
|
| Vacation accrual |
|
7,650 |
|
|
1,723 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,723 |
|
|
9,373 |
|
| Inventory provision |
|
27,512 |
|
|
7,206 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,206 |
|
|
34,718 |
|
| Materials provision |
|
11,915 |
|
|
2,490 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,490 |
|
|
14,405 |
|
| Derivative financial instruments |
|
— |
|
|
5,047 |
|
|
(5,047) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Others employee benefits |
|
1,177 |
|
|
5,384 |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,384 |
|
|
6,561 |
|
| Research and development expenses |
|
(12,294) |
|
|
(3,752) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,752) |
|
|
(16,046) |
|
| Bad debt provision |
|
715 |
|
|
2,345 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,345 |
|
|
3,060 |
|
| Provision for legal complaints and expenses |
|
6,827 |
|
|
(3,895) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,895) |
|
|
2,932 |
|
| Loan approval expenses |
|
(8,793) |
|
|
(3,942) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(3,942) |
|
|
(12,735) |
|
| Financial instruments recorded at market value |
|
5,226 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(57,242) |
|
|
(57,242) |
|
|
(52,016) |
|
| Specific tax on mining activity |
|
(5,799) |
|
|
2,491 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
2,496 |
|
|
(3,303) |
|
| Tax loss benefit |
|
10,059 |
|
|
13,281 |
|
|
— |
|
|
13,281 |
|
|
23,340 |
|
| Others |
|
2,913 |
|
|
(24,032) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(24,032) |
|
|
(21,119) |
|
| Foreign items (other) |
|
96 |
|
|
(21) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(21) |
|
|
75 |
|
| Total temporary differences, unused losses and unused tax credits |
|
314,646 |
|
|
(346,391) |
|
|
(60,707) |
|
|
(407,098) |
|
|
(92,452) |
|
(d)Reconciliation of changes in deferred tax (liabilities) assets as of December 31, 2022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Reconciliation of changes in deferred tax assets (liabilities) in deferred tax as of December 31, 2022 |
|
Deferred tax
(liability) asset
at beginning of
period |
|
Deferred tax
(expense)
benefit
recognized in
income for
the year |
|
Deferred taxes
related to items
(credited)
charged
directly to
equity |
|
Total change in deferred taxes |
|
Deferred tax
(liability) asset
at end of
period |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Unrealized loss |
|
144,181 |
|
|
511,514 |
|
|
— |
|
|
511,514 |
|
|
655,695 |
|
| Property, plant and equipment and capitalized interest |
|
(189,073) |
|
|
(55,487) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(55,487) |
|
|
(244,560) |
|
| Restoration and rehabilitation provision |
|
6,567 |
|
|
(1,882) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,882) |
|
|
4,685 |
|
| Manufacturing expenses |
|
(108,181) |
|
|
(31,202) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(31,202) |
|
|
(139,383) |
|
| Employee benefits and unemployment insurance |
|
(7,486) |
|
|
(2,779) |
|
|
1,270 |
|
|
(1,509) |
|
|
(8,995) |
|
| Vacation accrual |
|
6,039 |
|
|
1,611 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,611 |
|
|
7,650 |
|
| Inventory provision |
|
20,557 |
|
|
6,955 |
|
|
— |
|
|
6,955 |
|
|
27,512 |
|
| Materials provision |
|
10,554 |
|
|
1,361 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,361 |
|
|
11,915 |
|
| Derivative financial instruments |
|
— |
|
|
7,172 |
|
|
(7,172) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
| Others employee benefits |
|
929 |
|
|
248 |
|
|
— |
|
|
248 |
|
|
1,177 |
|
| Research and development expenses |
|
(5,387) |
|
|
(6,907) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(6,907) |
|
|
(12,294) |
|
| Bad debt provision |
|
2,708 |
|
|
(1,993) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,993) |
|
|
715 |
|
| Provision for legal complaints and expenses |
|
334 |
|
|
6,493 |
|
|
— |
|
|
6,493 |
|
|
6,827 |
|
| Loan approval expenses |
|
(8,967) |
|
|
174 |
|
|
— |
|
|
174 |
|
|
(8,793) |
|
| Financial instruments recorded at market value |
|
5,243 |
|
|
— |
|
|
(17) |
|
|
(17) |
|
|
5,226 |
|
| Specific tax on mining activity |
|
(4,545) |
|
|
(1,257) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
(1,254) |
|
|
(5,799) |
|
| Tax loss benefit |
|
8,557 |
|
|
1,502 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,502 |
|
|
10,059 |
|
| Others |
|
(4,274) |
|
|
7,187 |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,187 |
|
|
2,913 |
|
| Foreign items (other) |
|
11,828 |
|
|
(11,732) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(11,732) |
|
|
96 |
|
| Total temporary differences, unused losses and unused tax credits |
|
(110,416) |
|
|
430,978 |
|
|
(5,916) |
|
|
425,062 |
|
|
314,646 |
|
(e)Deferred taxes related to benefits for tax losses
The Company’s tax loss carryforwards were mainly generated by losses in Chile, which in accordance with current Chilean tax regulations have no expiration date.
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, tax loss carryforwards are detailed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deferred taxes related to benefits for tax losses |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Chile |
|
16,087 |
|
10,059 |
| Foreign |
|
7,253 |
|
— |
| Total |
|
23,340 |
|
10,059 |
The tax losses as of December 31, 2023, which are the basis for these deferred taxes correspond mainly to Servicios Integrales de Tránsitos y Transferencias S.A., SQM Potasio S.A., Comercial Hydro S.A., Orcoma SpA., Orcoma Estudio SpA, SCM Búfalo, SQM North América Corp., SQM Holland B.V., SQM Colombia., SQM Australia Pty Ltd.
(f)Movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities
Movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are detailed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets (liabilities) |
| Movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Deferred tax assets and liabilities, net opening balance |
|
314,646 |
|
|
(110,416) |
|
| Increase (decrease) in deferred taxes in income |
|
(346,391) |
|
430,978 |
| Increase (decrease) deferred taxes in equity |
|
(60,707) |
|
|
(5,916) |
| Total |
|
(92,452) |
|
314,646 |
|
(g)Disclosures on income tax (expenses) benefits
Current and deferred tax (expenses) benefits are detailed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Expense) Income |
| Disclosures on income tax (expense) benefit |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Current income tax (expense) benefit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current tax expense (1) |
|
(1,533,809) |
|
|
(2,002,564) |
|
|
(279,105) |
|
| Adjustments to prior year current income tax (expense) benefit |
|
3,449 |
|
|
(626) |
|
2,326 |
|
| Current income tax expense, net, total |
|
(1,530,360) |
|
|
(2,003,190) |
|
|
(276,779) |
|
| Deferred tax (expense) benefit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deferred tax benefits relating to the creation and reversal of temporary differences |
|
(342,363) |
|
427,680 |
|
28,445 |
| Tax adjustments related to the creation and reversal of temporary differences from the previous year |
|
(4,028) |
|
3,298 |
|
|
(682) |
| Total deferred tax benefits, net |
|
(346,391) |
|
430,978 |
|
27,763 |
| Income tax expense |
|
(1,876,751) |
|
|
(1,572,212) |
|
|
(249,016) |
|
(1) Includes a tax expense adjustment amounting US$1,089.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 relating to the specific mining tax to lithium mining claims (see note 20.3).
Income tax (expenses) benefit for foreign and domestic parties are detailed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Expense) Income |
| Income tax (expense) benefit |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Current income tax benefit (expense) by foreign and domestic parties, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current income tax (expenses), foreign parties, net |
|
(120,893) |
|
|
(213,060) |
|
|
(46,748) |
|
| Current income tax (expenses), domestic, net (1) |
|
(1,409,467) |
|
|
(1,790,130) |
|
|
(230,031) |
|
| Current income tax expense, net, total |
|
(1,530,360) |
|
|
(2,003,190) |
|
|
(276,779) |
|
| Deferred tax benefit (expense) by foreign and domestic parties, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current income tax (expense) benefit, foreign parties, net |
|
(34,014) |
|
|
(21,338) |
|
|
(6,679) |
|
| Current income tax (expense) benefits, domestic, net |
|
(312,377) |
|
|
452,316 |
|
|
34,442 |
|
| Deferred tax expense, net, total |
|
(346,391) |
|
|
430,978 |
|
|
27,763 |
|
| Income tax expense |
|
(1,876,751) |
|
|
(1,572,212) |
|
|
(249,016) |
|
(1) Includes a tax expense adjustment amounting US$1,089.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 relating to the specific mining tax to lithium mining claims (see note 20.3).
________________________________________________
(h)Disclosures on the tax effects of other comprehensive income components:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2023 |
| Income tax related to other income and expense components with a charge or credit to net equity |
|
Amount before taxes
(expense) gain |
|
(Expense) income for
income taxes |
|
Amount after taxes |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| (Losses) income from defined benefit plans |
|
(5,843) |
|
|
1,582 |
|
(4,261) |
|
| Cash flow hedges |
|
18,692 |
|
(5,047) |
|
|
13,645 |
| Reserve for (losses) income from financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income |
|
190,509 |
|
(57,242) |
|
|
133,267 |
| Total |
|
203,358 |
|
(60,707) |
|
|
142,651 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2022 |
| Income tax related to other income and expense components with a charge or credit to net equity |
|
Amount before taxes
(expense) gain |
|
(Expense) income for
income taxes |
|
Amount after taxes |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| (Losses) income from defined benefit plans |
|
(6,350) |
|
|
1,273 |
|
|
(5,077) |
|
| Cash flow hedges |
|
26,622 |
|
|
(7,172) |
|
|
19,450 |
|
| Reserve for (losses) income from financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income |
|
190 |
|
|
(17) |
|
|
173 |
|
| Total |
|
20,462 |
|
|
(5,916) |
|
|
14,546 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2021 |
| Income tax related to other income and expense components with a charge or credit to net equity |
|
Amount before taxes
(expense) gain |
|
(Expense) income for
income taxes |
|
Amount after taxes |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Income (losses) from defined benefit plans |
|
4,679 |
|
(142) |
|
|
4,537 |
| Cash flow hedges |
|
(52,762) |
|
|
14,246 |
|
(38,516) |
|
| Reserve for income (losses) from financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income |
|
(12,072) |
|
3,818 |
|
|
(8,254) |
| Total |
|
(60,155) |
|
17,922 |
|
|
(42,233) |
________________________________________________
(i)Explanation of the relationship between (expense) benefit for tax purposes and accounting income.
Based on IAS 12, paragraph 81, letter “c”, the company has estimated that the method that discloses the most significant information for users of the financial statements is the numeric conciliation between the tax benefit (expense) and the result of multiplying the consolidated income before taxes by the current rate in Chile. The aforementioned choice is based on the fact that the Company and subsidiaries established in Chile generate a large part of the Company’s tax benefit (expense). The amounts provided by subsidiaries established outside Chile have no relative importance in the overall context.
Reconciliation between the tax expense and the tax calculated by multiplying income before taxes by the Chilean corporate income tax rate.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Expense) Benefit |
| Income Tax (Expense) Benefit |
|
As of
December 31,
2023 |
|
As of
December 31,
2022 |
|
As of
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
|
ThUS$ |
| Consolidated income before taxes |
|
2,807,018 |
|
5,486,496 |
|
841,221 |
| Statutory income tax rate in Chile |
|
27 % |
|
27 % |
|
27 % |
| Tax expense using the statutory tax rate |
|
(757,895) |
|
|
(1,481,354) |
|
|
(227,130) |
|
| Net effect of royalty tax payments |
|
(6,889) |
|
|
(57,500) |
|
|
(13,350) |
|
| Specific mining tax to lithium mining claims (see note 20.3) |
|
(1,089,476) |
|
— |
|
— |
|
| Tax effect of income from regular activities exempt from taxation and dividends from abroad |
|
(1,457) |
|
3,490 |
|
|
(260) |
| Tax rate effect of non-tax-deductible expenses for determining taxable profit (loss) |
|
3,509 |
|
|
(11,058) |
|
|
(2,226) |
|
| Effect due to the difference in tax rates related to abroad subsidiaries |
|
(24,748) |
|
|
(25,053) |
|
|
(5,622) |
|
| Other tax effects of reconciliation of accounting income to tax expense |
|
205 |
|
|
(737) |
|
|
(428) |
|
| Tax expense using the effective tax rate |
|
(1,876,751) |
|
|
(1,572,212) |
|
|
(249,016) |
|
(j)Tax periods potentially subject to verification:
The Group’s Companies are potentially subject to income tax audits by tax authorities in each country These audits are limited to a number of interim tax periods, which, in general, when they elapse, give rise to the expiration of these inspections.
Tax audits, due to their nature, are often complex and may require several years. Below, we provide a summary of tax periods that are potentially subject to verification, in accordance with the tax regulations in force in the country of origin:
(i)Chile
According to article 200 of Decree Law No 830, the taxes will be reviewed for any deficiencies in terms of payment and to generate any taxes that might arise. There is a 3-year prescriptive period for such review, dating from the expiration of the legal deadline when payment should have been made. This prescriptive period can be extended to 6 years for the revision of taxes subject to declaration, when such declaration has not been filed or has been presented with maliciously false information.
(ii)United States
In the United States, the tax authority may review tax returns for up to 3 years from the expiration date of the tax return. In the event that an omission or error is detected in the tax return of sales or cost of sales, the review can be extended for a period of up to 6 years.
(iii)Mexico:
In Mexico, the tax authority can review tax returns up to 5 years from the expiration date of the tax return.
(iv)Spain:
In Spain, the tax authority can review tax returns up to 4 years from the expiration date of the tax return.
(v)Belgium:
In Belgium, the tax authority may review tax returns for up to 3 years from the expiration date of the tax return if no tax losses exist. In the event of detecting an omission or error in the tax return, the review can be extended for a period of up to 5 years.
(vi)South Africa:
In South Africa, the tax authority may review tax returns for up to 3 years from the expiration date of the tax return. In the event that an omission or error in the tax return is detected, the review can be extended for a period of up to 5 years.
(vii)China:
Tax returns up to 3 years old from the due date of the return can be reviewed, in special circumstances this can be extended to 5 years. When tax evasion or fraud is involved, the tax authorities will pursue the collection of tax and there is no time limit.
(viii)South Korea:
Tax returns up to 5 years old from the due date of the return can be reviewed, but this can be extended to 7 years for cross-border transactions. Failure to file the tax return on the legal due date will result in this deadline being extended by up to 5 years and 10 years for cross-border transactions. When tax evasion or fraud is involved, it will be extended by up to 10 years and 15 years for cross-border transactions.
Note 26 Events occurred after the reporting date
26.1 Authorization of the financial statements
The consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB for the year ended December 31, 2023, were approved and authorized for issuance by the Company´s Board of Directors on April 29, 2024.
26.2 Disclosures on events occurring after the reporting date
(a) On January 13, 2024, the Company reported the stoppage of operations at the Salar de Atacama mine.
(b) On January 15, 2024, the Company reported that operations were resumed at the Salar de Atacama mine.
(c) On February 28, 2024, the Company reported that its Board of Directors agreed (a) to call an annual general meeting of shareholders for April 25, 2024, and (b) to call an extraordinary meeting of shareholders for Thursday, March 21, 2024, to report on (i) the status of negotiations between the Company and Codelco, as described in the Memorandum of Understanding reported as a Material Event on December 27, 2023, (ii) the measures and contracts that are expected as a result of this Memorandum of Understanding, and (iii) any other associated issues.
(d) Regarding the tax contingencies disclosed in Note 20.3, on April 5, 2024, the Santiago Court of Appeal issued a ruling in one of the Claims, the tax role case No. 312-2022, and revoked the ruling that had previously been handed down by the Tax and Customs Court of the Metropolitan Region, which upheld the public law annulment action filed by SQM Salar, corresponding to settlements for the 2017 and 2018 tax years.
Although the ruling of the Santiago Court of Appeal does not affect all other Claims, filed by the SQM Salar against the Chilean IRS, and is still subject to appeal by SQM Salar, it prompted the review of the accounting treatment for the tax claims by the Company's Board of Directors. Consequently, the Company recognized a tax expense adjustment amounting US$1,089.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which corresponds to the impact that the interpretation of the Santiago Court of Appeal ruling could have on the Claims.
The effect of the review of the accounting treatment did not have a significant impact on the Company's cash flows, since the amount of US$986.2 million had been fully paid by the Company into the Chilean IRS.
The Company maintains its firm position regarding the erroneous application of the specific tax on mining activity to the exploitation of lithium, a substance that is not concessionable by law in Chile, which had been recognized by the Chilean IRS itself in the past, as well as by the executive, legislative and judicial powers in Chile. SQM Salar will continue to actively defend its position in the tax claims.
(e) On April 10, 2024, Inversiones TLC SpA, an owner of more than 10% of the SQM’s outstanding shares with voting rights, requested to summon a new extraordinary shareholder meeting to discuss and vote on the transaction contemplated in the Memorandum of Understanding signed by SQM and the National Copper Corporation (“Codelco”) dated December 27, 2023, and modified on March 20, 2024 (the “Memorandum”).
The Company’s Board of Directors agreed to summon an extraordinary shareholder meeting for 10:00 a.m. (Chile time) on Wednesday, April 24, 2024 (the “Meeting”), to discuss the transaction contemplated in the Memorandum, in particular:
a.Management report on the status of negotiations between SQM and Codelco, particularly, whether the parties have reached agreement on the terms and conditions of the contracts that are being negotiated pursuant to the conditions set in the Memorandum, including those that were mentioned at the extraordinary shareholder meeting held on March 21, 2024.
b.Management presentation on the merits, opportunities, advantages, disadvantages and risks that the partnership with Codelco could form for SQM, as well as questions and comments from the shareholders. The viewpoints expressed by shareholders shall not possess binding authority upon the management of the Company, nor shall they discharge management from its responsibilities.
c.Discussion on the legal structure under which the partnership with Codelco would be executed, according to the status of the negotiations on the date of the Meeting, and the steps and legal requirements for its approval in accordance with the regulations of the Chilean Corporations Law and the by-laws of SQM.
Without prejudice to the request of the shareholder Inversiones TLC SpA to summon a shareholder meeting to discuss the matters indicated in letters (a), (b) and (c) above, the Company’s Board of Directors agreed not to submit to shareholders the voting of the approval of the partnership with Codelco, given that: (1) up to the current date, there is neither a partnership agreement nor a final legal structure on the transaction with Codelco to be approved; and (2) should the partnership with Codelco ultimately conforms to the terms previously consulted upon with the Chilean Financial Market Commission (Comisión para el Mercado Financiero), it would be appropriate to approve such transaction by the Company’s Board of Directors and not by the shareholders, as dictated by the Chilean Financial Market Commission in the Official Letter No. 27,980 dated February 29, 2024.
(f) On December 18, 2023, together with Hancock Prospecting Pty ("Hancock"), the owner of approximately 18.4% of Azure's shares, we entered into a transaction implementation deed to acquire all outstanding shares of Azure by way of a joint scheme of arrangement for a cash price of A$3.70 per share, and a simultaneous conditional joint off-market takeover bid for a cash price of A$3.65 per share. On April 8, 2024, the Azure's shareholders approved the proposed acquisition of all outstanding shares of Azure by way of scheme of arrangement. The scheme is pending approval by the Australian Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB) and the Australian Court and will be implemented shortly after all the approvals have been received.
(g) On March 28, 2024, the Board of Directors, agreed to recommend to the shareholders the payment of a final dividend. The dividend payment was presented for consideration and approved at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 25, 2024. The amount of the final dividend approved by shareholders was US$2.11386 per share. The amounts of the interim dividends previously distributed during 2023 equivalent to US$1.90047 per share were deducted from the amount of the final dividend, leaving a balance equivalent to US$0.21339 to be paid and distributed on May 16, 2024.
(h) On April 25, 2024, the Company held its 49th Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting during which several items were approved, including:
(a) Approval of the Company’s annual report, the statutory financial statements and the external auditors’ report for the year ended December 31, 2023.
(b) Appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers Consultores, Auditores SpA as the Company’s external auditors for the period January 1 through December 31, 2024.
(c) Approval of the distribution of a final dividend as recommended by the Board of Directors and communicated as an essential fact (hecho esencial) on March 28, 2024.
(d) Election of the Board of Directors, with the following members: Gina Ocqueteau Tacchini, Antonio Gil Nievas, Gonzalo Guerrero Yamamoto, Patricio Contesse Fica, Ashely Luke Ozols, Hernán Büchi Buc, Georges de Bourguignon Arndt and Xu Tieying, with Mrs. Ocqueteau and Mr. Gil as independent directors.
(e) Approval of the remuneration structure for the Board members, and the members of the Board committees, and their expenses.
In an extraordinary Board meeting on the same day, the Board agreed to appoint Mr. Gonzalo Guerrero as Chairman of the Board and Mr. Patricio Contesse as Vice Chairman of the Board. The composition of the Board’s committees was also agreed upon at the meeting, as follows:
(a) Directors’ Committee: Gina Ocqueteau, Antonio Gil and Hernán Büchi;
(b) Corporate Governance Committee: Patricio Contesse, Hernán Büchi and Xu Tieying;
(c) Safety, Health and Environment Committee: Georges de Bourguignon, Patricio Contesse and Gonzalo Guerrero.
Management is not aware of any other significant events that occurred between December 31, 2023, and the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements that may significantly affect them.
EX-2.1
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sqm-20231231x20fexhibit21.htm
EX-2.1
Document
Exhibit 2.1
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES REGISTERED
UNDER SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Description of Share Capital
Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. (the “Company”) is an open stock corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Chile.
Shares
Under the Company’s By-laws, the Company’s share capital is divided into shares of Series A common stock (“Series A Shares”) and shares of Series B common stock (“Series B Shares”). Series A Shares and Series B Shares have the same economic rights (i.e., both series are entitled to share equally in any dividends declared on the outstanding stock) and voting rights at any shareholders meeting, whether ordinary or extraordinary, with the exception of the election of the Board, in which the Series A Shareholders elect seven directors and the Series B Shareholders elect one director. However, the director elected by the Series B Shareholders cannot vote in the election of the Chairman of the Board if a tie has occurred in the first voting process. As of April 29, 2024, there were 142,818,904 Series A Shares and 142,818,904 Series B Shares outstanding.
Dividends are distributed annually to the Series A and Series B Shareholders of record on the fifth business day prior to the date for payment of the dividends. The By-laws do not specify a time limit after which dividend entitlement elapses but Chilean regulations establish that after five years, unclaimed dividends are to be donated to the fire department.
Article 5 of the Company’s By-laws establishes that Series B Shares may in no case exceed 50% of SQM’s issued, outstanding and paid stock. Series B Shares have a restricted right to vote as they can only elect one director of the Company, regardless of their capital stock’s share. Series B Shares have the right to call for an Ordinary or Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting when the shareholders of at least 5% of the Series B Shares issued request so and for an Extraordinary Board of Directors Meeting without the Chairman’s authorization when it is requested by the director elected by the shareholders of the Series B Shares. Series A Shares have the option to exclude the director elected by Series B Shareholders from the voting process in which the Chairman of the Board is to be elected, if there is a tie in the first voting process. However, subject to the second transitory article described below, articles 31 and 31 bis of the Company’s By-laws establish that in General Shareholders’ Meetings each shareholder will have a right to one vote for each share he owns or represents and (a) that no shareholder will have the right to vote for himself or on behalf of other shareholders of the same Series A or Series B Shares representing more than 37.5% of the total outstanding shares with right to vote of each Series and (b) that no shareholder will have the right to vote for himself or on behalf of other shareholders representing more than 32% of the total outstanding shares with a right to vote, with any excess being deducted from the number of shares such shareholder may vote. In calculating a single shareholder’s ownership of Series A or B shares, the shareholder’s stock and those pertaining to third parties related to them are to be added.
The second transitory article provides as follows:
“Throughout the period running from the date of the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting at which this transitory article is incorporated, and December 31, 2030, the restriction against voting on behalf of more than 37.5% of any series of shares in the Company, established in article 31 hereof, shall be subject to the following exception, applicable only to the election of board members by means of Series A shares in the Company: If two or more persons, regardless of whether or not they are related parties to each other (the incoming shareholders), act prior to December 31, 2030 such as to acquire a sufficient number of Series A shares to allow them to hold voting powers for the selection of directors of the Company amounting to more than 37.5% of that series, then any registered shareholder or group of shareholders holding more than 37.5% of all Series A shares in the Company shall be entitled to vote for the selection of directors of the Company amounting to whichever is less, between a number of the Series A shares that are held (i) by existing shareholders as of that date, and (ii) by the incoming shareholders with voting rights. Similarly, if for any reason a registered shareholder in the Company as of the date hereof who holds more than 37.5% of Series A shares in the company between the date hereof and December 31, 2030, comes to hold more voting shares for the selection of directors of the Company than the votes allocated for holding 37.5% of said Series A shares, either through a joint action agreement with other shareholders, including existing shareholders, or by any other means, then any other shareholder or group of shareholders in the Company that is not a related party to the same and holds more than 37.5% of all voting Series A shares in the Company, including both existing and incoming shareholders, shall be entitled to vote for the selection of directors of the Company in accordance with whichever number of Series A shares in the Company is the lesser, between (i) the number held by this shareholder or group of shareholders, and (ii) the existing shareholder may have the capacity to vote in excess of the restriction amounting to 37.5% of said shares.”
Article 5 bis of the Company’s By-laws establishes that no person may directly or by means of related third persons concentrate more than 32% of the Company’s total shares with right to vote.
Each Series A Share and Series B Share is entitled to share equally in the Company’s profits, i.e., they have the same rights on any dividends declared on the outstanding shares of the Company.
The Company By-laws do not contain any provision relating to (a) redemption provisions (b) sinking funds or (c) liability to capital calls by the Company.
As established in article 103 of Law No. 18,046, a company subject to the supervision of the CMF may be liquidated in the following cases:
(1)Expiration of the duration term, if any, as established in its By-laws;
(2)All the shares end up in the possession of one individual for more than ten continuous days;
(3)By agreement of an Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting;
(4)By abolition, pursuant to applicable laws, of the decree that authorized its existence;
(5)Any other reason contemplated in its By-laws.
Article 40 of the Company’s By-laws states that in the event of liquidation, the shareholders’ meeting will appoint a three-member receiver committee that will have the authority to carry out the liquidation process. Any surplus will be distributed equally among the shareholders.
The only way to change the rights of the holders of the Company’s shares is by modifying its By-laws, which can only be carried out by an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, as established in article 28 of the Company’s By-laws.
Shareholders’ Meetings
Article 29 of the Company’s By-laws states that the call to a shareholders’ meeting, either Ordinary or Extraordinary, will be by means of a highlighted public notice that will be published at least three times, and on different days, in the newspaper of the legal address determined by the shareholders’ meeting, and in the way and under the conditions indicated by the regulations. Additionally, a notice will be sent by mail to each shareholder at least fifteen days prior to the date of the Meeting, which shall include a reference of the matters to be addressed at the meeting.
However, those meetings with the full attendance of the shares with right to vote may be legally held, even if the foregoing formal notice requirements are not met. Notice of any shareholders’ meeting shall be delivered to the CMF at least fifteen days in advance of such meeting.
Any holder of Series A and/or Series B Shares registered in the Company’s shareholder registry on the fifth business day prior to the date of the meeting will have a right to participate at that meeting
Article 67 of Law No. 18,046 provides that decisions made at Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting on the following matters require the approval of 2/3 of the outstanding shares with voting rights: (1) transformation or division of the Company and its merger with another company; (2) modification of the Company’s term of duration, if any; (3) early dissolution of the Company; (4) change of the corporate domicile; (5) capital decrease; (6) approval of contributions and estimation of non-cash assets; (7) modification of powers reserved for Shareholders Meetings or limitations on powers of the Board of Directors; (8) reduction in the number of members of the Board of Directors; (9) disposal of 50% or more of the Company’s assets; formulation or modification of any business plan exceeding the above percentage; disposal of 50% or more of an asset belonging to a subsidiary that represents at least 20% of the Company’s assets and disposal of shares of the referred subsidiary such that the parent company would lose its position as controller of the same; (10) method in which profits are distributed; (11) granting of real or personal guarantees as sureties for third-party obligations that exceed 50% of the Company assets, except for subsidiaries, in which case approval of the Board of Directors shall suffice; (12) acquisition of own shares as set forth in articles 27A and 27B of the said law; (13) other matters indicated in the By-laws; (14) amendment of the Company By-laws as a result of errors in the constitution process and amendments in the By-laws involving one or more of the matters stated in the preceding numbers; (15) forced sale of shares carried out by the controller who would acquire more than 95% of the Company’s shares in a tender offer, and (16) approval or ratification of proceedings or contracts with related parties in accordance with the provisions of articles 44 and 147 of Law No. 18,046.
Amendments to the By-laws that are intended to create, modify, defer or suspend preferential rights shall be approved by 2/3 of the shares of the affected series.
The transformation of the Company, the merger of the same, the disposal of assets referred to in number (9) above, the constitution of guarantees set forth in number (11) above, the constitution of preferences or the increase, postponement or decrease of the existing preferences, the reparation of formal nullities incurred in the By-laws and the possession of more than 95% of the Company’s shares and other matters contemplated in the Law or in the By-laws, confer “withdrawal rights.”
Shareholder Restrictions
There are no restrictions on ownership or share concentration, or limiting the exercise of the related right to vote, by local or foreign shareholders other than as described above under “— Shares”.
Change in Control
The Company By-laws provide that no shareholder may hold more than 32% of the Company’s shares, unless the By-laws are modified at an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. Moreover, on December 12, 2000, the Chilean Government published the Public Tender Offer Law (Ley de Oferta Pública de Acciones or “OPA law”) that seeks to protect the interests of minority shareholders of open stock corporations in transactions involving a change in control, by requiring that the potential new controller purchase the shares owned by the remaining shareholders either in total or pro rata. The law applies to those transactions in which the controlling party would receive a material premium price compared with the price that would be received by the minority shareholders.
There are three conditions that would make it mandatory to initiate a public tender offer under the OPA law:
1)When an investor wants to take control of a company’s stock.
2)When a controlling shareholder holds two-thirds of the company’s stock. If such shareholder buys one more share, it will be mandatory to offer to acquire the rest of the outstanding stock within 30 days of surpassing that threshold.
3)When an investor wants to take control of a corporation, which, in turn, controls an open stock corporation that represents 75% or more of the consolidated assets of the former corporation.
Parties interested in taking control of a company must (i) notify the company of such intention in writing, and notify its controllers, the companies controlled by it, the CMF and the markets where its stocks are traded and (ii) publish a highlighted public notice in two newspapers of national circulation at least 10 business days prior to the date of commencement of the public tender offer.
Directors
As stated in article 9 of the Company’s By-laws, the Company has eight Directors. One of the directors must be “independent” as such term is defined in article 50 bis of Law No. 18,046. Moreover, the possession of shares is not a condition necessary to become a director of the Company.
As stated in article 10 of the Company’s By-laws, the term of the directors is of three years and they can be reelected indefinitely; thus, there is no age limit for their retirement.
The Company’s By-laws, in articles 16 and 16 bis, essentially establish that the transactions in which a director has a material interest must comply with the provisions set forth in articles 136 and 146 to 149 of Law No. 18,046 and the applicable regulations of such Law.
The Board of Directors duties are remunerated, as stated in article 17 of the Company’s By-laws, and the amount of that compensation is fixed yearly by the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. Therefore, directors can neither determine nor modify their compensation.
Directors cannot authorize Company loans on their behalf.
The Board of Directors must provide shareholders and the public with sufficient, reliable and timely information pertaining to the Company’s legal, economic and financial situation, as required by the Law or the CMF. The Board of Directors must adopt the appropriate measures in order to avoid the disclosure of such information to persons other than those persons who should possess such information as a result of their title, position or activity within the Company before such information is disclosed to shareholders and the public. The Board of Directors must treat business dealings and other information about the Company as confidential until such information is officially disclosed. No Director may take advantage of the knowledge about commercial opportunities that he has obtained through his position as Director.
Independent Directors and Directors Committee
According to Chilean Law, the Company must appoint at least one Independent Director and a Directors’ Committee, due to the fact that (a) the Company has a market capitalization greater than or equal to UF 1,500,000 and (b) at least 12.5% of the Company’s shares with voting rights are held by shareholders who, on an individual basis, control or possess less than 10% of such shares.
Persons who have not been involved in any of the circumstances described in the Law at any time during the preceding 18 months are considered independent. Candidates for the position of Independent Director must be proposed by shareholders representing 1% or more of the Company’s shares, at least 10 days prior to the date of the shareholders’ meeting that has been called in order to elect the Directors. No less than two days prior to the respective shareholders’ meeting, the candidate must provide the Chief Executive Officer with a sworn statement indicating that he:
(1)accepts his candidacy for the position of Independent Director;
(2)does not meet any of the conditions that would prevent him from being the Independent Director;
(3)is not related to the Company, the other companies of the group to which the Company belongs, the controller of the Company, or any of the Company’s officers in such a way that would deprive a sensible person of a reasonable degree of autonomy, interfere with his ability to perform his duties objectively and effectively, generate a potential conflict of interest, or interfere with his independent judgment; and
(4)assumes the commitment to remain independent as long as he holds the position of Director.
The Directors’ Committee shall have the following powers and duties:
(1)to examine the reports of the external auditors, the balance sheet and other financial statements presented by the Company’s managers or liquidators to its shareholders and issue an opinion about the same prior to their submission for the approval of the shareholders;
(2)to propose to the Board of Directors the external auditors and risk rating agencies to be proposed to the shareholders at the respective shareholders’ meeting. In the event that an agreement cannot be reached, the Board of Directors shall formulate its own suggestion, and both options shall be submitted for shareholder consideration at such shareholders’ meeting;
(3)to examine the information relating to operations referred to in articles 146 to 149 of Law No. 18,046 and to prepare a report about such operations. A copy of such report shall be sent to the Board of Directors, and such report must be read at the Board Meeting called for the purpose of approving or rejecting the respective operation or operations;
(4)to examine the remuneration system and compensation plans for the Company’s management, officers and employees;
(5)to prepare an annual report on its activities, including its main recommendations to the shareholders;
(6)to inform the Board of Directors about whether or not it is advisable to hire the external audit firm to provide non-audit services where the audit firm is not prohibited from providing such services because the nature of the same could pose a threat to the audit firm’s independence; and
(7)any other issues indicated in the Company’s By-laws or authorized by a shareholders’ meeting or the Board of Directors.
The Directors’ Committee shall be comprised of three members, with at least one independent member. In the event that more than three Directors have the right to form part of the Committee, these same Directors shall unanimously determine who shall make up the Committee. In the event that an agreement cannot be reached, the Directors who were elected with a greater percentage of votes by shareholders controlling or possessing less than 10% of the Company’s shares shall be given priority. If there is only one Independent Director, this Director shall name the other members of the Committee among the other Directors who are not independent. Such other members of the Committee shall have all of the rights associated with such position. The members of the Committee shall be compensated for their role. The amount of their remuneration shall be set annually at the General Shareholders’ Meeting, and it may not be less than the remuneration set for the Company Directors, plus an additional 1/3 of that amount.
The General Shareholders’ Meeting shall determine a budget for the expenses of the Committee and its advisors. Such budget may not be less than the sum of the annual remunerations of the Committee members. The Committee may need to hire professional advisory services in order to carry out its duties in accordance with the abovementioned budget. The proposals made by the Committee to the Board of Directors that are not accepted by the latter must be reported to the shareholders’ meeting prior to the vote by shareholders on the corresponding matter or matters. In addition to the responsibilities that are associated with the position of Director, the members of the Committee are jointly and severally liable for any damages they cause in performing their duties as such to the shareholders and to the Company.
Description of American Depositary Receipts
The following is a summary of the material terms of the Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement dated as of April 15, 2013 (the “Deposit Agreement”) among the Company, The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary (the “Depositary”), and the owners and holders from time to time of American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”). This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Deposit Agreement and the form of American Depositary Receipt (“ADR”), copies of which have been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form F-6 (Registration Statement No. 333-187744).
An owner of ADSs becomes a party to the Deposit Agreement and therefore will be bound to its terms and to the terms of the ADR that represents the ADSs. The Deposit Agreement and the ADR specify the Company’s rights and obligations, as well as the ADR holder’s rights and obligations as owner of ADSs and those of the Depositary. As an ADR holder you appoint the Depositary to act on your behalf in certain circumstances. The Deposit Agreement and the ADRs are governed by New York law. However, the Company’s obligations to the holders of shares of the Company’s Series B common stock (the “Series B Shares”) will continue to be governed by the laws of Chile, which are different from New York law.
American Depositary Receipts
ADRs evidencing ADSs are issuable by the Depositary pursuant to the Deposit Agreement. Each ADS represents, as of the date hereof, one Series B Share deposited with Banco Itau Chile, as custodian (the “Custodian”), as agent of the Depositary. An ADR may evidence any number of ADSs.
Deposit and Withdrawal of Deposited Securities
The Depositary will, upon deposit with the Custodian of the requisite number of Series B Shares and receipt of evidence satisfactory to it that the conditions to deposit described below have been met, and subject to the terms of the Deposit Agreement, the Depositary will execute and deliver at its Corporate Trust Office (which is presently located at 101 Barclay Street, New York, New York 10286) to or upon the order of the person or persons specified by the Depositary, upon payment of the fees, charges and taxes provided in the Deposit Agreement, an ADR or ADRs registered in the name of such person or persons for the number of ADSs issuable in respect of such deposit.
The Depositary will not be required to accept for deposit any Series B Shares unless it receives evidence satisfactory to the Depositary that the deposit has been authorized by the Central Bank of Chile and that the conditions for such authorization set forth in the Foreign Investment Contract (as defined below under “Foreign Currency Conversion — The Foreign Investment Contract”) among the Depositary, the Company and the Central Bank of Chile has been satisfied.
Every person depositing Series B Shares under the Deposit Agreement will be deemed to represent and warrant that the Series B Shares are validly issued, fully paid, non-assessable and free of any preemptive rights, that the certificates for the Series B Shares have been validly authorized and issued and that the deposit of the Series B Shares and the issuance of ADRs evidencing ADSs are not restricted under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
Holders of ADRs are entitled to withdraw the deposited Series B Shares at any time, subject only to (i) temporary delays caused by dosing transfer books of the Depositary or the Company or the deposit of Series B Shares in connection with voting at a shareholders’ meeting or the payment of dividends, (ii) the payment of fees, taxes and similar charges and (iii) compliance with any U.S. or foreign laws or governmental regulations relating to the ADSs or to the withdrawal of the deposited Series B Shares. Upon surrender of ADRs at the Corporate Trust Office of the Depositary and upon payment of the taxes, fees and charges provided in the Deposit Agreement and subject to the terms thereof, ADR holders are entitled to delivery, at the office of the Custodian in Santiago, Chile, of the deposited Series B Shares, any other property or documents of title at the time represented by the surrendered ADRs and a certificate of the Custodian stating that the deposited Series B Shares, are being delivered to such ADR holder in exchange for the surrendered ADRs and that the Depositary waives in favor of the ADR holder the right of access to the Formal Exchange Market relating to such withdrawn Series B Shares. In the event the Depositary determines that there is a reasonable possibility that a fee, tax or other charge will become payable by or be assessed against the Depositary or the Custodian following the delivery, transfer or surrender of ADRs or withdrawal of Series B Shares, the Depositary may, in its discretion, as a condition to consummation of such transaction, require that the ADR holder provide the Depositary with an indemnity bond in such form and amount and with such surety as it may accept as reasonably sufficient to indemnify it against such potential liabilities.
The Depositary is not authorized, in its capacity as Depositary, to deliver Series B Shares by physical delivery, book entry or otherwise, or permit Series B Shares to be withdrawn from the deposit facility except upon the receipt and cancellation of ADRs.
Dividends and Other Distributions
(1)Cash Dividends and Distributions
The Depositary will, as promptly as practicable, convert all cash dividends and other cash distributions received by the Depositary or the Custodian in respect of the deposited Series B Shares into U.S. dollars and, as promptly as practicable, distribute the amount thus received (net of any fees of the Depositary provided in the Deposit Agreement) to the holders of ADRs in proportion to the number of ADSs representing such Series B Shares held by each of them. The amount distributed also will be reduced by any amounts required to be withheld by the Company, the Depositary or the Custodian on account of taxes and the Depositary’s foreign currency conversion expenses. Conversion of such cash amounts from Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars is subject to the terms and conditions of the Deposit Agreement, Chilean law and the Foreign Investment Contract described below under “Foreign Currency Conversion — Foreign Investment Contract”.
(2)Distributions of Series B Shares
If a distribution by the Company consists of a dividend in, or the free distribution of, Series B Shares, the Depositary may after consultation with the Company (or if the Company so requests will) distribute to the holders of outstanding ADRs, in proportion to the number of ADSs representing such Series B Shares held by each of them, additional ADRs for an aggregate number of ADSs representing the number of Series B Shares received as such dividend or free distribution. The Depositary may withhold delivery of ADSs if it has not received satisfactory assurances from the Company that such distribution does not require registration under the Securities Act. If in the opinion of the Depositary any distribution of Series B Shares cannot be made proportionately among the holders of ADRs entitled thereto, or if for any other reason, the Depositary deems such distribution not to be feasible, it may adopt such method as it deems equitable and practicable for the purpose of effecting such distribution, including the public or private sale of all or any portion of the Series B Shares received, and the distribution of the net proceeds of such sale (net of any fees of the Depositary provided in the Deposit Agreement) to the holders of ADRs entitled thereto as in the case of a distribution received in cash.
If additional ADRs or such proceeds are not so distributed, each ADS will thereafter also represent the additional Series B Shares distributed in respect of the Series B Shares represented by such ADS prior to such dividend or free distribution or the net cash proceeds of any such sale.
(3)Distributions of Rights
If the Company offers or causes to be offered to holders of Series B Shares any rights to subscribe for additional Series B Shares or any rights of any other nature, the Depositary will, after consultation with the Company, have discretion as to the procedure to be followed in making such rights available to holders of ADRs or in disposing of such rights on behalf of the holders of ADRs and making the net proceeds available to the holders of ADRs, or if by the terms of such rights offering or for any other reason, the Depositary may not either make such rights available to the holders of ADRs or dispose of such rights and make the net proceeds available to such holders of ADRs, then the Depositary will allow the rights to lapse.
If the Depositary determines in its discretion that it is lawful and feasible to make such rights available to all or certain holders of ADRs but not to other holders of ADRs, the Depositary may, after consultation with the Company, distribute to any holder of ADRs to whom it determines the distribution to be lawful or feasible, in proportion to the number of ADSs held by such holder of ADRs, warrants or other instruments therefor in such other forms as it deems appropriate.
If the Depositary determines in its discretion that it is not lawful or feasible to make such rights available to all or certain holders of ADRs, it may after consultation with the Company, sell the rights, warrants or other instruments in proportion to the number of ADSs held by ADR holders to whom it has determined it may not lawfully or feasibly make such rights available and allocate the net proceeds of such sales (net of fees of the Depositary provided in the Deposit Agreement and all taxes and other governmental charges payable) for the account of the holders of ADRs otherwise entitled to such rights, warrants or other instruments, upon an averaged or other practicable basis without regard to any distinctions among such holders of ADRs because of exchange restrictions, or the date of delivery of any ADR or ADRs, or otherwise.
The Depositary will not offer any right to subscribe for or to purchase any securities, to holders of ADRs unless both the rights and the securities to which such rights relate are either exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to a distribution to all holders of ADRs or are registered under the Securities Act. If a holder of ADRs requests the distribution of warrants or other instruments notwithstanding that there has been no such registration under the Securities Act, the Depositary will not effect such distribution unless it has received an opinion from counsel in the United States for the Company satisfactory to the Depositary that such distribution does not require registration under the Securities Act. In no event will the Company have any obligation to register such rights or any securities under the Securities Act, secure an exemption for such rights or any securities under the Securities Act or furnish the opinion described above.
(4)Distributions Other than Cash, Series B Shares or Rights
If the Depositary receives any distribution other than a distribution of cash, Series B Shares or rights, the Depositary will after consultation with the Company distribute to the holders of outstanding ADRs, in proportion to the number of ADSs representing such Series B Shares held by them, the securities or other property received in any manner as the Depositary deems equitable and practicable for accomplishing such distribution. If in the opinion of the Depositary such distribution cannot be made proportionately among the holders of ADRs entitled thereto, or if for any other reason, the Depositary deems such distribution not to be feasible, it may adopt such method as it deems equitable and practicable for the purpose of effecting such distribution, including the public or private sale of all or any portion of the securities or other property received, and the net proceeds of such sale (net of any fees of the Depositary provided in the Deposit Agreement) will be distributed to the holders of ADRs entitled thereto as in the case of a distribution received in cash.
Record Dates
Whenever any cash dividend or other cash distribution becomes payable or any distribution other than cash is made, or whenever rights are issued with respect to Series B Shares or whenever the Depositary receives notice of any meeting of holders of Series B Shares or shareholders generally, the Depository will fix a record date, which will be the same record date as the record date for the Series B Shares, or as near thereto as practicable, for the determination of the holders of ADRs who are entitled to receive such dividend, distribution or rights, or net proceeds of the sale thereof, or to give instructions for the exercise of voting rights at any such meeting, subject to the provisions of the Deposit Agreement.
Voting of the Deposited Securities
As soon as practicable after receipt of notice of any meeting or solicitation of consents or proxies of holders of Series B Shares and any other securities or property represented by the ADSs evidenced by such holders’ ADRs (“Deposited Securities”), the Depository will mail to holders of ADRs a notice in English containing (a) such information as is contained in such notice of meeting or solicitation, (b) a statement that each holder of ADRs at the close of business on a specified record date will be entitled, subject to Chilean law and the provisions of the Company’s By-laws, to instruct the Depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights, if any, pertaining to the Deposited Securities, (c) a statement as to the Deposited Securities represented by such ADR holder’s ADSs and (d) a statement as to the manner in which such instructions may be given, including an express indication that instructions may be given to the Depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person or persons designated by the Company. Upon the written request of an ADR holder on such record date, received on or before the date established by the Depositary for such purpose, the Depositary will endeavor insofar as practicable and permitted under Chilean law and the provisions of or governing the Deposited Securities to vote or cause to be voted (or to grant a discretionary proxy to a person or persons designated by the Company to vote) the Deposited Securities represented by such ADR holder’s ADSs in accordance with any instruction set forth in such request. If no instructions are received by the Depositary from an ADR holder with respect to any of the Deposited Securities represented by such ADR holder’s ADSs on or before the date established by the Depositary for such purpose, the Depositary will deem such holder to have instructed the Depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by the Company to vote such Deposited Securities represented by such ADR holder’s ADSs. The Depositary will not provide such discretionary proxy to vote on any matter as to which the Company informs the Depositary that (a) the Company does not wish such proxy to be given or (b) such matter materially and adversely affects the rights of holders of the Series B Shares. If any requirement of Chilean law, the Company’s By-laws or any securities exchange on which the Series B Shares, other Deposited Securities, ADRs or the ADSs evidenced thereby are listed, does not permit the Depositary to vote in accordance with the instructions received from the ADR holders or in accordance with a deemed discretionary proxy, the Depositary will not vote the Series B Shares or other Deposited Securities.
Changes Affecting Deposited Securities
Upon any change in nominal or par value, split-up, consolidation or other reclassification of Deposited Securities or upon a recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation or sale of assets resulting in securities being received by the Depositary or the Custodian in exchange for, in conversion of or in respect of the Deposited Securities, the ADSs will thereafter represent any new securities received in exchange or conversion, unless new ADRs are issued. The Depositary may, after consultation with the Company, and will, at the Company’s request, in such circumstances deliver additional ADRs to ADS holders as in the case of a dividend in shares or call for the exchange of existing ADRs for new ADRs specifically describing the new Deposited Securities.
Inspection of Transfer Books
The Depositary will maintain at its transfer office in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, facilities for the execution and delivery, registration of transfer, combination or split-up of ADRs and a register for the registration of ADRs and the registration of the transfer of ADRs that at reasonable times, will be open for inspection by the holders of ADRs and the Company, provided that such inspection will not be for the purpose of communication with holders of ADRs in the interest of a business or object other than the business of the Company or a matter related to the Deposit Agreement or the ADRs.
Reports and Notices
The Company is subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and accordingly, files certain reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”). These reports and other information are available on the Commission’s website (www.sec.gov).
The Depositary will make available for inspection by ADR holders at the Corporate Trust Office of the Depositary any reports and communications, including any proxy soliciting material, received from the Company that are both (a) received by the Depositary, the Custodian or the nominee of either of them as the holder of Series B Shares and (b) made generally available to the holders of Series B Shares by the Company. The Depositary will also send to ADR holders copies of such reports when furnished by the Company as provided in the Deposit Agreement. Any such reports and communications, including any such proxy soliciting materials, furnished to the Depositary by the Company will be furnished in English to the extent such materials are required to be translated into English pursuant to the regulations of the Commission.
Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement
The form of the ADRs and the Deposit Agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between the Company and the Depositary. Any amendment that imposes or increases any fees or charges (other than fees of the Depositary for the execution and delivery of ADRs and taxes and other governmental charges), or that otherwise prejudices any substantial existing right of ADR owners, will, not take effect as to outstanding ADRs until the expiration of three months after notice of such amendment has been given to the record holders of outstanding ADRs. Every holder of ADRs at the time such amendment so becomes effective, if such holder has been given such notice, will be deemed by continuing to hold such ADR to consent and agree to such amendment and to be bound by the Deposit Agreement or the ADR as amended thereby. In no event may any amendment impair the right of any ADR holder to surrender its ADR and receive therefor the Series B Shares and other property represented thereby, except in order to comply with mandatory provisions of applicable law.
Whenever so directed by the Company, the Depositary will terminate the Deposit Agreement by giving notice of such termination to the holders of ADRs at least 90 days prior to the date fixed in such notice for such termination. The Depositary may terminate the Deposit Agreement at any time 90 days after the Depositary has delivered to the Company and the holders of ADRs its written resignation provided that a successor depositary has not been appointed and accepted its appointment before the end of such 90-day period. If any ADRs remain outstanding after the date of termination, the Depositary thereafter will discontinue the registration of transfers of ADRs, will suspend the distribution of dividends to the holders thereof and will not give any further notices or perform any further acts under the Deposit Agreement, except that the Depositary will continue the collection of dividends and other distributions pertaining to the Series B Shares and any other property represented by such ADRs, the sale of rights as provided in the Deposit Agreement and the delivery of Series B Shares, together with any dividends or other distributions received with respect thereto and the net proceeds of the sale of any rights or other property, in exchange, for surrendered ADRs. At any time after the expiration of four months from the date of termination, the Depositary may sell the Series B Shares and any other property represented by such ADRs and hold uninvested, the net proceeds, together with any other cash then held, unsegregated and without liability for interest, for the pro rata benefit of the holders of ADRs that have not theretofore been surrendered.
Charges of Depositary
The Depositary will charge the party to whom ADRs are issued (including issuance pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by the Company or an exchange of stock regarding ADRs or Deposited Securities or a distribution of ADRs pursuant to the Deposit Agreement) and the party surrendering ADRs for delivery of deposited Series B Shares or other Deposited Securities, property and cash, a fee of up to US$5.00 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) evidenced by the ADRs so issued or surrendered. The Depositary will also charge holders of ADRs a fee for, and will deduct such fee from, the distribution of proceeds from the sale of securities or rights pursuant to the Deposit Agreement in an amount equal to the fee that would have been charged as a result of the deposit by holders of securities or Series B Shares received in exercise of rights distributed to them had such rights nor been sold by the Depositary and the net proceeds therefrom distributed. The Company will pay all other charges of the Depositary and those of the registrar, if any, under the Deposit Agreement, as agreed from time to time between the Company and the Depositary, except for taxes and other government charges, any applicable share transfer and registration fees on deposits or withdrawals of Series B Shares, certain cable, telex and facsimile transmission charges and such expenses as are incurred by the Depositary in the conversion of foreign currency into U.S. dollars, which will be for the account of the holders of ADRs.
Foreign Currency Conversion
If the Depositary or the Custodian receives Chilean pesos or other foreign currency by way of dividends or other distributions or the net proceeds from the sale of securities, property or rights distributed and in the judgment of the Depositary the foreign currency may be converted on a reasonable basis to U.S. dollars and transferred to the United States, the Depositary will, subject to the Foreign Investment Contract and Chilean law, as promptly as practicable, convert such foreign currency into U.S. dollars and distribute the converted amounts, as promptly as practicable, to the holders of ADRs entitled thereto or, if the Depositary has distributed any warrants and/or instruments which entitle the holders thereof to such U.S. dollar amounts, to the holders of such warrants and/or instruments upon surrender thereof for cancellation. Such distribution may be made upon an averaged or other practicable basis without regard to any distinctions among such holders of ADRs because of exchange restrictions, or the date of delivery of any ADR or ADRs, or otherwise and will be net of any expenses of the Depositary for the conversion of the foreign currency into U.S. dollars.
If the Depositary determines that in its judgment any foreign currency received by it cannot be converted into U.S. dollars on a reasonable basis and transferred to the United States, or if the Foreign Investment Contract ceases to be in effect or the rights of the Depositary thereunder are restricted or suspended, or any other approval or license of any government or agency required for such conversion is denied or in the Depositary’s opinion, not obtainable, or any such approval or license is not obtained within a reasonable period as determined by the Depositary, the Depositary will (i) convert the foreign currency into U.S. dollars, to the extent permitted, and transfer such U.S. dollars to the United States for distribution to ADR holders for whom the conversion and distribution is practicable, (ii) if requested in writing by an ADR holder, distribute such foreign currency to ADR holders for whom distribution is lawful or practicable, or (iii) hold such foreign currency uninvested and without liability for interest thereon, for the respective accounts of the ADR holders entitled to receive the same.
Foreign Investment Contract
The Company entered into a foreign investment contract (Convención Capítulo XXVI del Título I del Compendio de Normas de Cambios Internacionales or the “Foreign Investment Contract”) with the Central Bank of Chile and the Depositary, pursuant to Article 47 of the Central Bank Act and Chapter XXVI of the Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations of the Central Bank of Chile (the “Compendium”).
Chapter XXVI of the Compendium governs the issuances of ADSs by a Chilean company. Pursuant to the Foreign Investment Contract, the foreign exchange for payments and distributions with respect to ADSs could be purchased in either the Formal Exchange Market or the Informal Exchange Market, but such payments needed to be remitted through the Formal Exchange Market. Foreign investors who have purchased Series B Shares and deposited them in the ADR program under the Foreign Investment Contract have access to the Formal Exchange Market for the purpose of converting from Chilean pesos into U.S. dollars and repatriating the U.S. dollars from Chile, any amounts received with respect to deposited Series B Shares or Series B Shares withdrawn from deposit on surrender of the ADSs (including amounts received as cash dividends and proceeds from the sale in Chile of the underlying Series B Shares and any rights with respect thereto). As of April 19, 2001, Chapter XXVI of the Compendium was eliminated and new investments in ADSs are now governed by Chapter XIV of the Compendium. However, because the Foreign Investment Contract was entered into pursuant to Chapter XXVI of the Compendium before its elimination, the terms of the Foreign Investment Contract continue to apply to foreign investors in the Company’s ADSs.
Pre-Release of ADRs
Subject to the terms and conditions of the Deposit Agreement and any limitations established by the Depositary, the Depositary may, however, execute and deliver ADRs prior to the receipt of Series B Shares (“Pre-Release”). The Depositary may, pursuant to the Deposit Agreement, deliver Series B Shares upon the receipt and cancellation of an ADR or ADRs which have been Pre-Released, whether or not such cancellation is prior to the termination of such Pre-Release or the Depositary knows that such ADR or ADRs have been Pre-Released. The Depositary may receive ADRs in lieu of Series B Shares in satisfaction of a Pre-Release. Each Pre-Release will be (a) preceded or accompanied by a written representation from the person to whom ADRs are to be delivered that such person, or its customer, (i) owns the deposited Series B Shares or ADRs to be remitted and (ii) assigns all beneficial right, title and interest in such Series B Shares or ADRs to the Depositary for the benefit of the holders of ADRs, (b) at all times fully collateralized with cash or U.S. government securities, (c) terminable by the Depositary on not more than five business days’ notice and (d) subject to such further indemnities and credit regulations as the Depositary deems appropriate. The number of ADRs which are outstanding at any time as a result of Pre-Releases will not normally exceed 30% of the Series B Shares deposited under the Deposit Agreement; provided, however, that the Depositary reserves the right to change or disregard such limit from time to time as it reasonably deems appropriate. The Depositary will also set U.S. dollar limits with respect to the number of ADRs issued by Pre-Release in connection with transactions done in accordance with the terms of this paragraph with any one person on a case by case basis as it deems appropriate. The collateral referred to in clause (b) above will be held by the Depositary for the benefit of the holders of ADRs as security for the performance of the obligations to deliver Series B Shares set forth in clause (a) above. The Depositary may retain for its own account any compensation received by it in connection with Pre-Releases. Neither the Company nor the Custodian will incur any liability to ADR holders as a result of any such transaction.
Limitations on Obligations and Liabilities
Neither the Depositary nor the Company nor any of their respective directors, employees, agents or affiliates will incur any liability to any ADR holder (i) if by reason of (A) any present or future law or regulation of the United States, Chile or any other country or of any stock exchange or governmental or regulatory authority (including the breach by the Central Bank of Chile of the Foreign Investment Contract), (B) any provision of the Foreign Investment Contract, or, in the case of the Depositary or its agents, any provision of the Company’s By-laws, (C) any provision of any securities issued or distributed by the Company or of the deposited Series B Shares, or any offering or distribution thereof, or (D) any act of God, war, terrorism, or any other circumstance beyond its control, the Depositary, the Company or any of their agents is prevented, delayed or forbidden from, or is subject to any civil or criminal penalty on account of, performing their obligations under the Deposit Agreement, the Foreign Investment Contract, the Company’s By-laws, or the deposited Series B Shares, (ii) for any non-performance or delay, caused as described above, in the performance of its obligations under the Deposit Agreement, (iii) for any exercise of or failure to exercise any discretion provided for under the Deposit Agreement, (iv) for the inability of any holder of ADRs to benefit from any distribution, offering, right or other benefit which is made available to the holders of Series B Shares, but is not, under the terms of the Deposit Agreement made available to the holders of ADRs or (v) for any special, consequential or punitive damages for any breach of the terms of the Deposit Agreement.
The obligations and liabilities of the Company and the Depositary and its agents under the Deposit Agreement are expressly limited to performing without negligence or bad faith their respective obligations specified therein.
Transfer, Combination or Split-Up of ADRs
The Depositary will act as ADR registrar or appoint a registrar or one or more co-registrars for registration of the ADRs evidencing ADSs in accordance with any requirements of the New York Stock Exchange or of any other stock exchange on which the ADSs may be listed or quoted.
The transfer of the ADRs is registrable on the books of the Depositary, provided, however, that the Depositary may close the transfer books at any time or from time to time when deemed expedient by it in connection with the performance of its duties. As a condition precedent to the execution and delivery, registration, registration of transfer, split-up or combination of any ADR or ADRs or the delivery of any distribution thereon or the withdrawal of any Series B Shares or any property represented by the ADRs, the Depositary or the Custodian may, and upon the instruction of the Company will, require from the holder or the presenter of the ADR or the depositor of the shares (a) payment of a sum sufficient to pay or reimburse the Depositary, the Custodian or the Company for any tax or other government charge and any stock transfer or registration fee or any charge of the Depositary upon delivery of the ADR or upon surrender of the ADR, as set forth in the Deposit Agreement, and (b) the production of proof satisfactory to the Depositary or Custodian of identity or genuineness of any signature and proof of citizenship, residence, exchange control approval, legal or beneficial ownership, compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, compliance with applicable conditions of the Foreign Investment Contract, compliance with all other applicable provisions of or governing the Series B Shares or any other Deposited Securities and the terms of the Deposit Agreement or other information as the Depositary may deem necessary or proper as the Company may require by written request to the Depositary or the Custodian. The delivery, registration, registration of transfer, split-up or combination of ADRs, or the deposit or withdrawal of shares or other property represented by ADRs, in particular instances or generally, may be suspended during any period when the transfer books of the Depositary are closed, or if any such action is deemed necessary or advisable by the Depositary or the Company at any time or from time to time.
Reporting Obligations of ADR Holders
Holders of ADRs are subject to certain provisions of the rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act relating to the disclosure of interests in the Series B Shares. Any holder of ADRs who is or becomes directly or indirectly interested in 5% or such other percentage as may be prescribed by law or regulation) or more of the outstanding Series B Shares must within 10 days after becoming so interested and thereafter upon certain changes in such interests notify the Company and the SEC as required by such rules and regulations. In addition, holders of ADRs are subject to the reporting requirements contained in Articles 12 and 54 and Title XV of the Securities Market Law, which provision may apply when a holder beneficially owns an amount of ADRs that represents 10% or more of the total share capital of the Company or has the intention of taking control of the Company. See “Description of Share Capital” above.
Valuation of Underlying Shares for Chilean Law Purposes
For all purposes of valuation under Chilean law, the Deposit Agreement provides that the acquisition value of the Series B Shares delivered to any holder upon surrender of ADRs will be the highest reported sales price of the Series B Shares on the Santiago Stock Exchange for the day on which the transfer of the Series B Shares is recorded under the name of such holder.
In the event that the Series B Shares are not traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the value will be deemed to be the highest reported sales price of the Series B Shares on the principal stock exchange or other organized securities market in Chile on which the Series B Shares are then traded. In the event that no sales price is reported on the day on which the transfer of the Series B Shares is recorded, the value will be deemed to be the highest reported sales price of the Series B Shares on the last day on which such sales price was reported. However, if 30 or more days have lapsed since the last sales price was reported, the sales price will be increased by the percentage increase over the corresponding period in the Chilean Consumer Price Index.
EX-8.1
3
sqm-20231231x20fexhibit81.htm
EX-8.1
Document
Exhibit 8.1
Significant Subsidiaries of Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A.
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| Name of Subsidiary |
Country of Incorporation |
| SQM Industrial S.A. |
Chile |
| SQM Nitratos S.A. |
Chile |
| SQM Salar S.A. |
Chile |
| Servicios Integrales de Transito y Transferencia S.A. |
Chile |
| Soquimich Comercial S.A. |
Chile |
| SQM Potasios. S.A. |
Chile |
| SQM North America Corp. |
USA |
| SQM Europe N.V. |
Belgium |
| SQM Australia Pty. |
Australia |
| SQM (Shanghai) Chemicals Co. Ltd. |
China |
| SQM Korea LLC |
South Korea |
| SQM Comercial de México S.A. de C.V. |
Mexico |
For a complete list of foreign and domestic subsidiaries see Note 11.3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
EX-12.1
4
sqm-20231231x20fexhibit121.htm
EX-12.1
Document
Exhibit 12.1
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION
(Pursuant to Section 302)
I, Ricardo Ramos, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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| /s/ Ricardo Ramos R. |
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| Name: Ricardo Ramos R. |
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| Title: Chief Executive Officer |
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Date: April 29, 2024 |
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EX-12.2
5
sqm-20231231x20fexhibit122.htm
EX-12.2
Document
Exhibit 12.2
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION
(Pursuant to Section 302)
I, Gerardo Illanes, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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| /s/ Gerardo Illanes G. |
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| Name: Gerardo Illanes G. |
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| Title: Chief Financial Officer |
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Date: April 29, 2024 |
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EX-13.1
6
sqm-20231231x20fexhibit131.htm
EX-13.1
Document
Exhibit 13.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Ricardo Ramos, Chief Executive Officer of Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. (“SQM”), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Chile, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
1.The Annual Report of SQM on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.The information contained in such Annual Report on Form 20-F fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of SQM.
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| /s/ Ricardo Ramos R. |
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| Name: Ricardo Ramos R. |
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| Title: Chief Executive Officer |
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Date: April 29, 2024 |
|
EX-13.2
7
sqm-20231231x20fexhibit132.htm
EX-13.2
Document
Exhibit 13.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Gerardo Illanes, Chief Financial Officer of Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. (“SQM”), a corporation incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Chile, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
1.The Annual Report of SQM on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.The information contained in such Annual Report on Form 20-F fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of SQM.
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| /s/ Gerardo Illanes G. |
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| Name: Gerardo Illanes G. |
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| Title: Chief Financial Officer |
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Date: April 29, 2024 |
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EX-97
8
sqm-20231231x20fexhibit97.htm
EX-97
Document
Exhibit 97
SOCIEDAD QUÍMICA Y MINERA DE CHILE S.A.
INCENTIVE-BASED COMPENSATION RECOVERY POLICY
1.Purpose. The purpose of the Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. Incentive-Based Compensation Recovery Policy (the “Policy”) is to set forth the circumstances under which Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. (the “Company”) will recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation (as defined below) received by a current or former Executive Officer (as defined below) of the Company.
The Company is adopting the Policy in order to comply with the applicable listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), the U.S. national securities exchange on which the Company’s American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) are listed and traded in the United States (“U.S.”).
2.Definitions. For purposes of this Policy, the following terms have the definitions set forth below:
(a)“Accounting Restatement” shall mean the required revision of a previously issued financial statement for correction of an error in such financial statement that is (i) due to material noncompliance with any applicable financial reporting requirement under the U.S. federal securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in a previously issued financial statement that is material to such previously issued financial statement, or (ii) not material to a previously issued financial statement, but would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period (i.e., as of the time of the Accounting Restatement) financial statements or left uncorrected in the current period financial statements.
(b)“Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.
(c)“Committee” shall mean the Directors’ Committee of the Board or another committee of the Board made up of independent directors, or in the alternative, the Board acting by a majority of its independent members.
(d)“Effective Date” shall mean October 2, 2023.
(e)“Erroneously Awarded Compensation” shall mean, with respect to each Executive Officer and in connection with any Accounting Restatement, the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation received by such Executive Officer that exceeds the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation that would have been received by such Executive Officer had it been determined based on the restated amounts set forth in the Accounting Restatement.
(f)“Executive Officer” shall mean each individual designated as an Executive Officer for purposes of this Policy at least annually by the Committee, which shall include the Company’s chief executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or if there is no such accounting officer, the controller), any vice-president of the Company in charge of a principal business unit, division or function (such as sales, administration, or finance), any other officer who performs a policy-making function, or any other person who performs similar policy-making functions for the Company. Executive officers of the Company’s parent(s) or subsidiaries are deemed Executive Officers of the Company if they perform such policy-making functions for the Company.
For the avoidance of doubt, the identification of an Executive Officer for purposes of this Policy shall include each member of senior management of the Company who is or was identified pursuant to Item 6.A of Form 20-F and, to the extent not otherwise included, the principal financial officer and principal accounting officer (or, if there is no principal accounting officer, the controller) of the Company.
(g)“Financial Reporting Measures” means financial measures that are used for evaluating the attainment of Incentive-Based Compensation and that are determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements, as well as any financial measures that are derived wholly or in part from such measures. For purposes of this Policy, the Company’s stock or ADR price and total shareholder return are Financial Reporting Measures. A Financial Reporting Measure need not be presented within the financial statements or included in a filing with the SEC. For illustrative purposes only, performance measures that would generally not be considered a Financial Reporting Measure include (i) strategic measures (e.g., consummation of a change in control), (ii) operational measures (e.g., completion of a project), or (iii) subjective standards (e.g., achievement based on demonstrated leadership and/or completion of an employment period).
(h)“Incentive-Based Compensation” means compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure. Incentive-Based Compensation is deemed received by an Executive Officer in the Company’s fiscal year during which the Financial Reporting Measure specified in the Incentive-Based Compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of the Incentive-Based Compensation occurs after the end of that period.
(i)“Required Restatement Date” shall mean the earlier to occur of (i) the date upon which the Board, the Committee, or the officer(s) of the Company authorized to take such action, concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement, or (ii) the date upon which a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the issuer to prepare an Accounting Restatement in a final, non-appealable order or judgment.
(j)“SEC” shall mean the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
3.Application.
(a)This Policy applies to all Incentive-Based Compensation received by a current or former Executive Officer: (i) on or after the Effective Date; (ii) after beginning service as an Executive Officer; (iii) who served as an Executive Officer at any time during the performance period for which Incentive-Based Compensation was received; (iv) while the Company has a class of securities listed on the NYSE or another U.S. national securities exchange or a U.S. national securities association; and (v) during the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the Required Restatement Date.
(b)Notwithstanding Paragraph A of this Section 3, this Policy applies during any transition period that results from a change in the Company’s fiscal year within or immediately following the three completed fiscal year period. For the avoidance of doubt, any transition period between the last day of the Company’s previous fiscal year-end and the first day of its new fiscal year that comprises a period of nine to 12 months would be deemed a completed fiscal year.
(c)For the avoidance of doubt, references to Executive Officer throughout this Policy shall refer to current or former Executive Officers in accordance with this Section 3, unless otherwise noted.
4.Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based Compensation.
(a)In the event of an Accounting Restatement, the Company shall promptly determine the amount of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation for each Executive Officer in connection with such Accounting Restatement and shall provide written notice to each Executive Officer of (i) the Required Restatement Date, (ii) the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation received, and (iii) the method, manner, and time for repayment or return of such Erroneously Awarded Compensation, as applicable. The amount of Incentive-Based Compensation that is subject to recovery will be computed without regard to any taxes paid.
(b)The Committee shall have the discretion to determine reasonably the appropriate means of recovery of such Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on applicable facts and circumstances. If an Executive Officer fails to repay Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company by the time and in the manner set forth in writing by the Committee, the Company shall take all actions reasonable and appropriate to recover the Erroneously Awarded Compensation from the Executive Officer. The Executive Officer shall be required to reimburse the Company for all expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in recovering Erroneously Awarded Compensation.
(c)For Incentive-Based Compensation based on the Company’s stock or ADR price or total shareholder return, where the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in an Accounting Restatement:
i.the amount will be based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Accounting Restatement on the Company’s stock or ADR price, as applicable, or total shareholder return upon which the Incentive-Based Compensation was received; and
ii.the Company will maintain documentation of the determination of that reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to the NYSE.
5.Recovery Exceptions. The Company will take all reasonable actions to recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation in accordance with this Policy, except to the extent that any of the following conditions are met and the Committee determines that recovery would be impracticable because:
(a)the direct expense reasonably expected to be paid to a third party to assist in enforcing this Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered; provided that before concluding it would be impracticable to recover any amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on the expense of enforcement, the Company will make a reasonable attempt to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation without incurring any third party expense, document such reasonable attempt(s) to recover, and provide such documentation to the NYSE;
(b)recovery would violate the law of the Republic of Chile that was adopted prior to November 28, 2022, such date being the date on which the SEC approved Rule 10D-1 under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”); provided that before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on violation of the Company’s home country law, the Company will obtain an opinion of country counsel, acceptable to the NYSE, that recovery would result in such a violation and provide such opinion to the NYSE; or
(c)recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of Section 401(a)(13) or 411(a) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and regulations thereunder.
6.Reporting and Disclosure Requirements. The Company shall file all disclosures with respect to this Policy in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. federal securities laws, including the disclosure required by the applicable SEC filings.
7.Indemnification Prohibition. The Company will not indemnify any current or former Executive Officer against any losses stemming from the application of this Policy to Erroneously Awarded Compensation, including by paying or reimbursing the Executive Officer for insurance policy premiums covering those losses.
8.Other Rights. This Policy is not intended to limit the Company’s ability to pursue equitable relief or other means to recover monetary damages resulting from an Executive Officer’s wrongdoing. The Company retains all rights it may have under applicable law.
9.Administration. The Committee shall have sole discretion in making all determinations under this Policy. Any determinations of the Committee shall be binding on the Executive Officer.
10.Amendment. This Policy may be amended from time to time in the Committee’s sole discretion.
11.Compliance with the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Policy shall be interpreted and administered consistent with the applicable U.S. federal securities laws, including the requirements of (i) Section 10D of the Exchange Act, as added by Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, (ii) Rule 10D-1 under the Exchange Act, and (iii) the listing standards adopted by the NYSE pursuant to Rule 10D-1, and, to the extent this Policy is in any manner deemed inconsistent with such requirements, this Policy shall be treated as retroactively amended to be compliant with such requirements.
12.Acknowledgement. Each Executive Officer shall sign and return to the Company, within 15 calendar days following the later of (i) the Effective Date or (ii) the date the individual becomes an Executive Officer, the Acknowledgement Form attached as Exhibit A.
13.Savings Clause. To the extent that any of the provisions of this Policy are found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, invalid, or unenforceable for any reason, such provision shall be deleted, and the balance of this Policy shall not be affected.
Approved and Adopted: October 18, 2023
SOCIEDAD QUÍMICA Y MINERA DE CHILE S.A.
INCENTIVE-BASED COMPENSATION RECOVERY POLICY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM
By signing this Acknowledgement Form below, the undersigned (the “Executive Officer”) acknowledges and confirms that the Executive Officer has received and reviewed a copy of the Incentive-Based Compensation Recovery Policy (the “Policy”) of Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A. (the “Company”).
In consideration of the Executive Officer’s eligibility to receive future Incentive-Based Compensation (as defined in the Policy) and to participate in Incentive-Based Compensation plans, as well as other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are acknowledged by the Executive Officer signing this Acknowledgement Form below, the Executive Officer acknowledges and agrees that:
1.the Executive Officer is and will continue to be fully bound by, and subject to, the Policy;
2.the Policy will apply both during and after the Executive Officer’s employment with the Company;
3.the Policy will apply to past and future Incentive-Based Compensation as provided in the Policy; and
4.the Executive Officer is required to comply with the terms and conditions of the Policy, including, without limitation, the requirement to return any Erroneously Awarded Compensation (as defined in the Policy) to the Company to the extent required by, and in a manner consistent with, the Policy.
EXECUTIVE OFFICER
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Signature
Print Name: ____________________
Date: __________________________
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