株探米国株
英語
エドガーで原本を確認する
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2025
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from ___________ to ___________
Commission file number 001-35095
UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Georgia   58-1807304
(State of incorporation)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 East Camperdown Way
 
Greenville, South Carolina
29601
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(800) 822-2651
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbol(s) Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, par value $1 per share
UCB
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary shares, each representing 1/1000th interest in a share of
Series I Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock
UCB PRI
New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒

There were 121,474,460 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $1 per share, outstanding as of July 31, 2025.



UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
  Item 1. Financial Statements  
   
       
   
       
   
   
       
       
   
       
 
       
 
       
 
       
       
 
 
 

2


Glossary of Defined Terms

The following terms may be used throughout this report, including the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Term Definition
2024 10-K
United’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025
ACL Allowance for credit losses
AFS Available-for-sale
ANB ANB Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, American National Bank
AOCI Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Bank United Community Bank
Board United Community Banks Inc., Board of Directors
BOLI Bank-owned life insurance
CECL
Current expected credit losses
CET1 Common equity tier 1
CME Chicago Mercantile Exchange
CRE
Commercial real estate
Company United Community Banks Inc. (interchangeable with "United" below)
DTA
Deferred tax asset
DTL
Deferred tax liability
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDM Modification made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty
Federal Reserve
Federal Reserve Bank
FinTrust
Collectively, FinTrust Brokerage Services, LLC and FinTrust Capital Advisors, LLC
First Miami First Miami Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, First National Bank of South Miami
FHLB Federal Home Loan Bank
FTE Fully taxable equivalent
GAAP Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
GSE U.S. government-sponsored enterprise
Holding Company United Community Banks, Inc. on an unconsolidated basis
HTM Held-to-maturity
MD&A Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MBS Mortgage-backed securities
NOW Negotiable order of withdrawal
NPA Nonperforming asset
OCI Other comprehensive income (loss)
OREO Other real estate owned
PCD Purchased credit deteriorated
Report
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ending June 30, 2025
SBA United States Small Business Administration
SEC
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
United United Community Banks, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
3


Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements
 
This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are neither statements of historical or current fact nor are they assurances of future performance and generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes”, “expects”, “may”, “will”, “could”, “should”, “projects”, “plans”, “goal”, “targets”, “potential”, “estimates”, “pro forma”, “seeks”, “intends”, or “anticipates”, or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include discussions of strategy, financial projections, guidance and estimates (including their underlying assumptions), statements regarding plans, objectives, expectations or consequences of various transactions or events, and statements about our future performance, operations, products and services, and should be viewed with caution.

Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and changes in circumstances, many of which are beyond our control, and that are difficult to predict as to timing, extent, likelihood and degree of occurrence, and that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results implied or anticipated by the statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to the following:

•negative economic and political conditions that adversely affect the general economy, the banking sector, housing prices, the real estate market, the job market, consumer confidence, the financial condition of our borrowers and consumer spending habits, which may affect, among other things, the levels of NPAs, charge-offs and provision expense;
•changes in loan underwriting, credit review or loss policies associated with economic conditions, examination conclusions or regulatory developments;
•the potential effects of pandemics or public health conditions on the economic and business environments in which we operate, including the impact of actions taken by governmental authorities to address these conditions;
•strategic, market, operational, liquidity and interest rate risks associated with our business;
•potential fluctuations or unanticipated changes in the interest rate environment, including interest rate changes made by the Federal Reserve, replacement or reform of other interest rate benchmarks, as well as cash flow reassessments may reduce net interest margin and/or the volumes and values of loans made or held as well as the value of other financial assets;
•any unanticipated or greater than anticipated adverse conditions in the national or local economies in which we operate;
•our loan concentration in industries or sectors that may experience unanticipated or greater than anticipated adverse conditions than other industries or sectors in the national or local economies in which we operate;
•the risks of expansion into new geographic or product markets;
•risks with respect to our ability to identify and complete future mergers or acquisitions as well as our ability to successfully expand and integrate those businesses and operations that we acquire;
•our ability to attract and retain key employees;
•competition from financial institutions and other financial service providers including non-bank financial technology providers and our ability to attract customers from other financial institutions;
•losses due to fraudulent and negligent conduct of our customers, third-party service providers or employees;
•cybersecurity risks and the vulnerability of our network and online banking portals, and the systems or parties with whom we contract, to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes, spam attacks, human error, natural disasters, power loss and other security breaches that could adversely affect our business and financial performance or reputation;
•our reliance on third parties to provide key components of our business infrastructure and services required to operate our business;
•the risk that we may be required to make substantial expenditures to keep pace with regulatory initiatives and the rapid technological changes in the financial services market;
•the availability of and access to capital, particularly if there were to be increased capital requirements or enhanced regulatory supervision;
•legislative, regulatory or accounting changes that may adversely affect us;
•volatility in the ACL resulting from the CECL methodology, either alone or as that may be affected by conditions affecting our business;
•adverse results (including judgments, costs, fines, reputational harm, inability to obtain necessary approvals and/or other negative effects) from current or future legislation, litigation, regulatory proceedings, examinations, investigations, or similar matters, or developments related thereto;
•any matter that would cause us to conclude that there was impairment of any asset, including intangible assets, such as goodwill;
•limitations on our ability to declare and pay dividends and other distributions from the Bank to the Holding Company, which could affect Holding Company liquidity, including its ability to pay dividends to shareholders or take other capital actions;
•the potential effects of events beyond our control that may have a destabilizing effect on financial markets and the economy, such as inflation or recession, terrorist activities, wars and other foreign conflicts, climate change and weather related events, disruptions in our customers’ supply chains, disruptions in transportation, essential utility outages or trade disputes and tariffs including threats thereof, either imposed by the U.S. or other trading partners in retaliation to U.S. tariffs; and
•other risks and uncertainties disclosed in documents filed or furnished by us with or to the SEC, any of which could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed, implied or otherwise anticipated by such forward-looking statements.

We caution readers that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive, is not necessarily in order of importance and readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Additional factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by any forward-looking statements also may be found in our 2024 10-K (including the “Risk Factor” section of that report), Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC and available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. We do not intend to and, except as required by law, hereby disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained in this Report, which speaks only as of the date of its filing with the SEC, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. The financial statements and information contained herein have not been reviewed, or confirmed for accuracy or relevance, by the FDIC or any other regulator.

4


Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data) June 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
ASSETS    
Cash and due from banks $ 201,509  $ 296,161 
Interest-bearing deposits in banks 359,492  223,712 
Federal funds and other short-term investments 13,955  — 
Cash and cash equivalents 574,956  519,873 
Debt securities available-for-sale 4,075,323  4,436,291 
Debt securities held-to-maturity (fair value $1,935,748 and $1,944,126, respectively)
2,306,730  2,368,107 
Loans held for sale 37,143  57,534 
Loans and leases held for investment 18,920,875  18,175,980 
Less allowance for credit losses - loans and leases (216,500) (206,998)
Loans and leases, net 18,704,375  17,968,982 
Premises and equipment, net 396,479  394,264 
Bank owned life insurance 362,201  346,234 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net 974,385  956,643 
Other assets (including $108,291 and $116,020 at fair value, respectively)
653,929  672,330 
Total assets $ 28,085,521  $ 27,720,258 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 6,381,975  $ 6,211,182 
Interest-bearing deposits 17,581,037  17,249,793 
Total deposits 23,963,012  23,460,975 
Short-term borrowings —  195,000 
Long-term debt 155,143  254,152 
Accrued expense and other liabilities (including $75,294 and $93,165 at fair value, respectively)
354,442  378,004 
Total liabilities 24,472,597  24,288,131 
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $1 par value: 10,000,000 shares authorized; 3,662 shares Series I issued and
  outstanding; $25,000 per share liquidation preference
88,266  88,266 
Common stock, $1 par value: 200,000,000 shares authorized,
  121,431,262 and 119,364,110 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
121,431  119,364 
Common stock issuable: 592,256 and 600,168 shares, respectively
13,190  12,999 
Capital surplus 2,764,617  2,710,279 
Retained earnings 802,590  714,138 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (177,170) (212,919)
Total shareholders' equity 3,612,924  3,432,127 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 28,085,521  $ 27,720,258 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
5


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net interest revenue:
Interest revenue:    
Loans, including fees $ 288,284  $ 291,595  $ 562,340  $ 575,578 
Investment securities, including tax exempt of $1,671, $1,699, $3,349 and $3,420, respectively
55,862  50,063  114,712  96,499 
Deposits in banks and short-term investments 3,219  5,307  5,670  11,616 
Total interest revenue 347,365  346,965  682,722  683,693 
Interest expense:
Deposits 119,136  134,462  238,070  268,246 
Short-term borrowings 83  60  1,190  60 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances —  —  433  — 
Long-term debt 2,615  3,743  5,477  7,538 
Total interest expense 121,834  138,265  245,170  275,844 
Net interest revenue 225,531  208,700  437,552  407,849 
Noninterest income:
Service charges and fees 10,122  10,620  19,657  19,884 
Mortgage loan gains and other related fees 5,370  6,799  11,492  14,310 
Wealth management fees 4,400  6,386  8,865  12,699 
Net gains from sales of other loans 1,995  1,296  3,391  2,833 
Lending and loan servicing fees 3,690  3,328  7,855  7,538 
Securities gains, net 286  —  292  — 
Other 8,845  8,127  18,812  18,879 
Total noninterest income 34,708  36,556  70,364  76,143 
Total revenue 260,239  245,256  507,916  483,992 
Provision for credit losses 11,818  12,235  27,237  25,134 
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits 86,997  85,818  171,264  170,803 
Communications and equipment 13,332  11,988  27,031  23,908 
Occupancy 10,935  11,056  21,864  22,155 
Advertising and public relations 2,881  2,459  4,762  4,360 
Postage, printing and supplies 2,495  2,251  5,056  4,899 
Professional fees 5,609  6,044  11,540  12,032 
Lending and loan servicing expense 2,330  2,014  4,317  3,841 
Outside services - electronic banking 3,570  2,812  6,333  5,730 
FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges 4,745  4,467  9,387  12,033 
Amortization of intangibles 3,292  3,794  6,578  7,681 
Merger-related and other charges 4,833  2,157  6,130  4,244 
Other 6,900  12,184  14,756  20,360 
Total noninterest expense 147,919  147,044  289,018  292,046 
Income before income taxes 100,502  85,977  191,661  166,812 
Income tax expense 21,769  19,362  41,515  37,566 
Net income $ 78,733  $ 66,615  $ 150,146  $ 129,246 
Net income available to common shareholders $ 76,722  $ 64,674  $ 146,150  $ 125,387 
Net income per common share:
Basic $ 0.63  $ 0.54  $ 1.21  $ 1.05 
Diluted 0.63  0.54  1.21  1.05 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic 121,377  119,726  120,714  119,694 
Diluted 121,432  119,785  120,820  119,763 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
6


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) Before-tax
Amount
Tax
(Expense)
Benefit
Net of Tax
Amount
Before-tax
Amount
Tax
(Expense)
Benefit
Net of Tax
Amount
2025
Net income $ 100,502  $ (21,769) $ 78,733  $ 191,661  $ (41,515) $ 150,146 
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding gains 12,023  (2,759) 9,264  46,647  (10,929) 35,718 
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (286) 68  (218) (292) 70  (222)
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities 11,737  (2,691) 9,046  46,355  (10,859) 35,496 
Amortization of unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities transferred from available-for-sale 1,961  (465) 1,496  3,925  (929) 2,996 
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding losses on derivatives (397) 100  (297) (1,386) 350  (1,036)
Gains on derivative instruments realized in net income (1,129) 285  (844) (2,250) 568  (1,682)
Net cash flow hedge activity (1,526) 385  (1,141) (3,636) 918  (2,718)
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components (17) (12) (34) (25)
Total other comprehensive income 12,155  (2,766) 9,389  46,610  (10,861) 35,749 
Comprehensive income $ 112,657  $ (24,535) $ 88,122  $ 238,271  $ (52,376) $ 185,895 
2024
Net income $ 85,977  $ (19,362) $ 66,615  $ 166,812  $ (37,566) $ 129,246 
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities 1,348  (773) 575  1,704  (982) 722 
Amortization of unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities transferred from available-for-sale 2,474  (702) 1,772  4,537  (1,195) 3,342 
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gains on derivatives 1,000  (208) 792  3,524  (853) 2,671 
Gains on derivative instruments realized in net income (1,438) 363  (1,075) (2,878) 731  (2,147)
Net cash flow hedge activity (438) 155  (283) 646  (122) 524 
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components 46  (12) 34  90  (23) 67 
Total other comprehensive income 3,430  (1,332) 2,098  6,977  (2,322) 4,655 
Comprehensive income $ 89,407  $ (20,694) $ 68,713  $ 173,789  $ (39,888) $ 133,901 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
7


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(in thousands except share and per share data) 
Shares of Common Stock Preferred Stock Common Stock Common Stock Issuable Capital Surplus Retained Earnings
Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Loss
Total
Three Months Ended June 30,
Balance at March 31, 2024 119,136,518  $ 88,266  $ 119,137  $ 11,923  $ 2,702,807  $ 614,612  $ (236,635) $ 3,300,110 
Net income 66,615  66,615 
Other comprehensive income 2,098  2,098 
Preferred stock dividends (1,573) (1,573)
Common stock dividends ($0.23 per share)
(27,415) (27,415)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards 34,544  34  92  2,450  2,576 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans 3,741  130  88  222 
Balance at June 30, 2024 119,174,803  $ 88,266  $ 119,175  $ 12,145  $ 2,705,345  $ 652,239  $ (234,537) $ 3,342,633 
Balance at March 31, 2025 119,514,298  $ 88,266  $ 119,514  $ 12,983  $ 2,711,721  $ 754,971  $ (186,559) $ 3,500,896 
Net income 78,733  78,733 
Other comprehensive income 9,389  9,389 
Impact of acquisition 2,380,952  2,381  63,357  65,738 
Purchases of common stock (506,600) (507) (13,435) (13,942)
Preferred stock dividends (1,573) (1,573)
Common stock dividends ($0.24 per share)
(29,541) (29,541)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards 38,441  39  78  2,881  2,998 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans 4,171  129  93  226 
Balance at June 30, 2025 121,431,262  $ 88,266  $ 121,431  $ 13,190  $ 2,764,617  $ 802,590  $ (177,170) $ 3,612,924 
Six Months Ended June 30,
Balance at December 31, 2023 119,010,319  $ 88,266  $ 119,010  $ 13,110  $ 2,699,112  $ 581,219  $ (239,192) $ 3,261,525 
Net income 129,246  129,246 
Other comprehensive income 4,655  4,655 
Preferred stock dividends (3,146) (3,146)
Common stock dividends ($0.46 per share)
(55,080) (55,080)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards 114,691  114  168  5,406  5,688 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans 49,793  51  (1,133) 827  (255)
Balance at June 30, 2024 119,174,803  $ 88,266  $ 119,175  $ 12,145  $ 2,705,345  $ 652,239  $ (234,537) $ 3,342,633 
Balance at December 31, 2024 119,364,110  $ 88,266  $ 119,364  $ 12,999  $ 2,710,279  $ 714,138  $ (212,919) $ 3,432,127 
Net income 150,146  150,146 
Other comprehensive income 35,749  35,749 
Impact of acquisitions 2,380,952  2,381  63,357  65,738 
Purchases of common stock (506,600) (507) (13,435) (13,942)
Preferred stock dividends (3,146) (3,146)
Common stock dividends ($0.48 per share)
(58,548) (58,548)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards 142,222  143  1,063  3,464  4,670 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans 50,578  50  (872) 952  130 
Balance at June 30, 2025 121,431,262  $ 88,266  $ 121,431  $ 13,190  $ 2,764,617  $ 802,590  $ (177,170) $ 3,612,924 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
8


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2025 2024
Operating activities:    
Net income $ 150,146  $ 129,246 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net 23,326  20,616 
Provision for credit losses 27,237  25,134 
Stock based compensation 5,208  4,989 
Deferred income tax expense 3,550  1,808 
Securities gains, net (292) — 
Net gains from sales of other loans (3,391) (2,833)
FinTrust goodwill write-down —  5,100 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Other assets 9,247  4,574 
Accrued expense and other liabilities (39,954) 21,574 
Loans held for sale 20,391  (16,307)
Net cash provided by operating activities 195,468  193,901 
Investing activities:
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
Proceeds from maturities and calls 63,865  60,939 
Debt securities available-for-sale:
Proceeds from sales 258,909  647 
Proceeds from maturities and calls 407,365  356,110 
Purchases (192,605) (635,039)
Net (increase) decrease in loans (453,439) 89,127 
Payments for other investments (21,947) (97,829)
Proceeds from other investments 7,241  556 
Purchases of premises and equipment (16,434) (31,568)
Net cash received in acquisition 41,246  — 
Other investing inflows 8,936  9,788 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 103,137  (247,269)
Financing activities:
Net increase (decrease) in deposits 127,494  (329,119)
Net decrease in short-term borrowings (195,000) — 
Repayment of long-term debt (100,000) — 
Proceeds from FHLB advances 126,000  100 
Repayment of FHLB advances (126,000) (100)
Repurchase of common stock (13,942) — 
Cash dividends on common stock (58,136) (55,494)
Cash dividends on preferred stock (3,146) (3,146)
Other financing inflows 965  1,328 
Other financing outflows (1,757) (1,213)
Net cash used in financing activities (243,522) (387,644)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 55,083  (441,012)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 519,873  1,003,875 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 574,956  $ 562,863 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
9

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation
United’s accounting and financial reporting policies conform to GAAP and reporting guidelines of banking regulatory authorities. The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements have not been audited. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. A more detailed description of United’s accounting policies is included in its 2024 10-K.
 
In management’s opinion, all necessary accounting adjustments have been made to fairly present the financial position and results of operations in the accompanying financial statements. These adjustments are normal and recurring accruals considered necessary for a fair and accurate presentation. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or any other interim periods. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in United’s 2024 10-K.

Note 2 – Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The supplemental schedule of significant non-cash investing and financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows.
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2025 2024
Significant non-cash investing and financing transactions:
Commitments to fund other investments $ 8,906  $ 9,214 
Acquisitions:
  Assets acquired 446,504  — 
  Liabilities assumed 380,766  — 
  Common stock issued for net assets acquired 65,738  — 

10

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3 – Acquisitions

Acquisition of ANB
On May 1, 2025, United acquired all of the outstanding common stock of ANB in a stock transaction. ANB operated one banking location in Oakland Park, Florida, which facilitated United’s expansion within that market. United’s operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 include the operating results of the acquired business for the period subsequent to the acquisition date of May 1, 2025.

ANB
Fair Value Recorded by United (1)
(in thousands)
May 1, 2025
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 41,246 
Debt securities 56,503 
Loans held for investment 301,303 
Bank-owned life insurance 13,822 
Net deferred tax asset 6,565 
Core deposit intangible 6,290 
Other assets 2,746 
Total assets acquired 428,475 
Liabilities
Deposits 374,468 
Other liabilities 6,298 
Total liabilities assumed 380,766 
Total identifiable net assets 47,709 
Consideration transferred
Common stock issued (2,380,952 shares)
65,738 
Goodwill $ 18,029 
(1) Fair values are preliminary and are subject to refinement for a period not to exceed one year after the closing date of an acquisition as information relative to closing date fair values becomes available.

Goodwill represents the intangible value of ANB’s business and reputation within the markets it served and is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The ANB core deposit intangible will be amortized over 10 years using the sum-of-the-years-digits method.

The following table presents additional information related to the acquired ANB loan portfolio at the acquisition date.
(in thousands)
May 1, 2025
PCD Loans
Par value $ 42,649 
ACL at acquisition (1,251)
Non-credit discount (2,998)
Purchase price $ 38,400 
Non- PCD:
Fair value $ 262,903 
Gross contractual amounts receivable 325,973 
Estimate of contractual cash flows not expected to be collected 3,158 
Pro forma information
 
The following table discloses the impact of the ANB acquisition since the acquisition date. The table also presents certain pro forma information as if ANB had been acquired on January 1, 2024. These results combine the historical results of the acquired entity with United’s consolidated statement of income. Adjustments were made for the estimated impact of certain fair value adjustments and other acquisition-related activity; however pro forma financial results presented are not necessarily indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition taken place in an earlier year.
11

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


ANB merger-related costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 of $8.93 million and $9.13 million, respectively, have been excluded from the pro forma information for those periods and included in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 pro forma information. The actual results and pro forma information were as follows:
  Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands) Revenue Net Income Revenue Net Income
2025    
Actual ANB results included in statement of income since acquisition date $ 2,290  $ (1,026) $ 2,290  $ (1,026)
Supplemental consolidated pro forma as if ANB had been acquired January 1, 2024 261,830  81,944  513,212  154,518 
2024
Supplemental consolidated pro forma as if ANB had been acquired January 1, 2024 $ 249,217  $ 61,135  $ 491,835  $ 122,791 

Note 4 – Investment Securities

The amortized cost basis, unrealized gains and losses and fair value of HTM debt securities as of the dates indicated are as follows.
(in thousands) Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
As of June 30, 2025        
U.S. Treasuries $ 19,911  $ —  $ 1,187  $ 18,724 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs 98,968  —  12,721  86,247 
State and political subdivisions 286,966  15  53,371  233,610 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 1,232,783  13  192,516  1,040,280 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 653,102  —  109,134  543,968 
Supranational entities 15,000  —  2,081  12,919 
Total $ 2,306,730  $ 28  $ 371,010  $ 1,935,748 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries $ 19,896  $ —  $ 1,734  $ 18,162 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs 99,154  —  16,291  82,863 
State and political subdivisions 289,492  10  55,206  234,296 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 1,282,174  223,671  1,058,504 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 662,391  —  124,409  537,982 
Supranational entities 15,000  —  2,681  12,319 
Total $ 2,368,107  $ 11  $ 423,992  $ 1,944,126 

12

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The amortized cost basis, unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt securities as of the dates indicated are presented below.
(in thousands) Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
As of June 30, 2025        
U.S. Treasuries $ 339,348  $ 839  $ 5,695  $ 334,492 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs 307,198  128  11,635  295,691 
State and political subdivisions 171,226  13,805  157,422 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 1,893,872  5,825  95,721  1,803,976 
Residential MBS, Non-Agency 290,616  14,786  275,836 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 784,869  4,123  27,856  761,136 
Commercial MBS, Non-Agency 8,069  —  149  7,920 
Corporate bonds 146,082  14  8,266  137,830 
Asset-backed securities 302,387  252  1,619  301,020 
Total $ 4,243,667  $ 11,188  $ 179,532  $ 4,075,323 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries $ 511,994  $ 874  $ 9,199  $ 503,669 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs 334,147  100  13,980  320,267 
State and political subdivisions 175,041  —  16,809  158,232 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 2,070,433  1,431  125,833  1,946,031 
Residential MBS, Non-Agency 302,318  —  18,390  283,928 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 844,302  851  35,243  809,910 
Commercial MBS, Non-Agency 13,323  —  336  12,987 
Corporate bonds 164,069  130  11,579  152,620 
Asset-backed securities 248,673  501  527  248,647 
Total $ 4,664,300  $ 3,887  $ 231,896  $ 4,436,291 
 
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the carrying value of pledged securities totaled $2.81 billion and $3.20 billion, respectively. Securities were pledged primarily to secure public deposits.

The following table summarizes the fair values and gross unrealized losses of HTM debt securities as of the dates indicated based on the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
Length of Time in Unrealized Loss Position
  Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
(in thousands) Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
As of June 30, 2025            
U.S. Treasuries $ —  $ —  $ 18,724  $ 1,187  $ 18,724  $ 1,187 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs —  —  86,247  12,721  86,247  12,721 
State and political subdivisions 7,563  126  216,852  53,245  224,415  53,371 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 5,635  1,590  1,033,507  190,926  1,039,142  192,516 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs —  —  543,968  109,134  543,968  109,134 
Supranational entities —  —  12,919  2,081  12,919  2,081 
Total $ 13,198  $ 1,716  $ 1,912,217  $ 369,294  $ 1,925,415  $ 371,010 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries $ —  $ —  $ 18,162  $ 1,734  $ 18,162  $ 1,734 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs —  —  82,863  16,291  82,863  16,291 
State and political subdivisions 18,729  305  212,356  54,901  231,085  55,206 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 6,778  1,822  1,051,455  221,849  1,058,233  223,671 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs —  —  537,981  124,409  537,981  124,409 
Supranational entities —  —  12,319  2,681  12,319  2,681 
Total $ 25,507  $ 2,127  $ 1,915,136  $ 421,865  $ 1,940,643  $ 423,992 

13

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the fair values and gross unrealized losses of AFS debt securities as of the dates indicated based on the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
Length of Time in Unrealized Loss Position
  Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
(in thousands) Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
As of June 30, 2025            
U.S. Treasuries $ —  $ —  $ 108,842  $ 5,695  $ 108,842  $ 5,695 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs 63,519  342  189,422  11,293  252,941  11,635 
State and political subdivisions —  —  155,427  13,805  155,427  13,805 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 312,651  1,454  864,320  94,267  1,176,971  95,721 
Residential MBS, Non-Agency 2,289  63  273,108  14,723  275,397  14,786 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 78,620  225  347,768  27,631  426,388  27,856 
Commercial MBS, Non-Agency —  —  7,919  149  7,919  149 
Corporate bonds —  —  136,814  8,266  136,814  8,266 
Asset-backed securities 156,826  897  38,077  722  194,903  1,619 
Total $ 613,905  $ 2,981  $ 2,121,697  $ 176,551  $ 2,735,602  $ 179,532 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries $ 75,183  $ 808  $ 106,036  $ 8,391  $ 181,219  $ 9,199 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs 101,964  388  190,525  13,592  292,489  13,980 
State and political subdivisions —  —  157,479  16,809  157,479  16,809 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 773,257  7,593  896,691  118,240  1,669,948  125,833 
Residential MBS, Non-Agency 2,788  98  281,140  18,292  283,928  18,390 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 226,363  1,733  355,852  33,510  582,215  35,243 
Commercial MBS, Non-Agency —  —  12,987  336  12,987  336 
Corporate bonds —  —  150,666  11,579  150,666  11,579 
Asset-backed securities 46,870  98  64,271  429  111,141  527 
Total $ 1,226,425  $ 10,718  $ 2,215,647  $ 221,178  $ 3,442,072  $ 231,896 
 
At June 30, 2025, there were 519 AFS debt securities and 300 HTM debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position. United does not intend to sell nor does it believe it will be required to sell securities in an unrealized loss position prior to the recovery of their amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses at June 30, 2025 were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the majority of HTM securities were considered to have a zero loss assumption for ACL purposes. For the remaining HTM securities, primarily those issued by state and political subdivisions, calculated credit losses, and, thus, the related ACL were de minimis due to the high credit quality of the portfolio. As a result, no ACL was recorded on the HTM portfolio at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. In addition, based on the assessments performed at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was no ACL required related to the AFS portfolio.

The following table presents accrued interest receivable on HTM and AFS debt securities, which was excluded from the estimate of credit losses, for the periods indicated.
Accrued Interest Receivable
(in thousands) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
HTM $ 5,633  $ 5,763 
AFS 17,113  18,201 
14

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


The amortized cost and fair value of AFS and HTM debt securities at June 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are presented in the following table.
  AFS HTM
(in thousands) Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value
Within 1 year:
U.S. Treasuries $ 124,053  $ 124,328  $ —  $ — 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs 458  452  —  — 
State and political subdivisions 2,182  2,154  3,700  3,703 
Corporate bonds 6,549  6,407  —  — 
133,242  133,341  3,700  3,703 
1 to 5 years:
U.S. Treasuries 215,295  210,164  19,911  18,724 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs 42,689  40,568  —  — 
State and political subdivisions 34,552  32,337  35,466  33,356 
Corporate bonds 118,028  112,119  —  — 
410,564  395,188  55,377  52,080 
5 to 10 years:
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs 176,519  169,321  75,193  66,446 
State and political subdivisions 70,767  62,951  80,336  67,886 
Corporate bonds 21,505  19,304  —  — 
Supranational entities —  —  15,000  12,919 
268,791  251,576  170,529  147,251 
More than 10 years:
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs 87,532  85,350  23,775  19,801 
State and political subdivisions 63,725  59,980  167,464  128,665 
Corporate bonds —  —  —  — 
151,257  145,330  191,239  148,466 
Debt securities not due at a single maturity date:
Asset-backed securities 302,387  301,020  —  — 
Residential MBS 2,184,488  2,079,812  1,232,783  1,040,280 
Commercial MBS 792,938  769,056  653,102  543,968 
3,279,813  3,149,888  1,885,885  1,584,248 
Total $ 4,243,667  $ 4,075,323  $ 2,306,730  $ 1,935,748 

Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers and borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.

Realized gains and losses are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. The following table summarizes AFS securities sales activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

  Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Proceeds from sales $ 205,433  $ —  $ 258,909  $ 647 
Gross realized gains $ 515  $ —  $ 521  $ — 
Gross realized losses (229) —  (229) — 
Securities gains, net $ 286  $ —  $ 292  $ — 
Income tax expense attributable to sales $ 68  $ —  $ 70  $ — 

15

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Equity Investments
The table below reflects the carrying value of certain equity investments, which are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet, as of the dates indicated.

(in thousands)
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Federal Reserve stock
$ 90,422  $ 88,008 
FHLB stock
18,049  18,051 
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values 2,272  2,341 

Note 5 – Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
 
Major classifications of the loan and lease portfolio (collectively referred to as the “loan portfolio” or “loans”) are summarized as of the dates indicated as follows. At June 30, 2025, remaining manufactured housing loans of $1.38 million are classified as consumer because manufactured housing is no longer a significant component of loans following the sale of substantially all of that portfolio in 2024.

(in thousands) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Owner occupied CRE $ 3,563,126  $ 3,398,217 
Income producing CRE 4,548,235  4,360,920 
Commercial & industrial 2,515,360  2,428,376 
Commercial construction 1,751,850  1,655,710 
Equipment financing 1,777,936  1,662,501 
Total commercial 14,156,507  13,505,724 
Residential mortgage 3,210,430  3,231,479 
Home equity 1,180,455  1,064,874 
Residential construction 173,829  178,405 
Manufactured housing —  1,723 
Consumer 190,958  186,448 
Total loans excluding fair value hedge basis adjustment 18,912,179  18,168,653 
Fair value hedge basis adjustment 8,696  7,327 
     Total loans 18,920,875  18,175,980 
Less ACL - loans (216,500) (206,998)
Loans, net $ 18,704,375  $ 17,968,982 

Accrued interest receivable related to loans totaled $58.6 million and $60.1 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and was reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the loan portfolio included certain loans specifically pledged to the Federal Reserve as well as loans covered by a blanket lien on qualifying loan types with the FHLB to secure contingent funding sources.

The following table presents the amortized cost of certain loans held for investment that were sold in the periods indicated. The net gain on these loan sales were included in noninterest income on the consolidated statements of income.

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Guaranteed portion of SBA/USDA loans $ 21,760  $ 18,311  $ 43,709  $ 27,699 
Equipment financing receivables 16,887  8,391  21,049  36,714 
Total $ 38,647  $ 26,702  $ 64,758  $ 64,413 
  
16

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans
The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in loans by aging category and accrual status as of the dates indicated. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due.
  Accruing
Current Loans Loans Past Due
(in thousands) 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days > 90 Days Nonaccrual Loans Total Loans
As of June 30, 2025
Owner occupied CRE $ 3,553,328  $ 1,591  $ —  $ —  $ 8,207  $ 3,563,126 
Income producing CRE 4,532,716  895  —  —  14,624  4,548,235 
Commercial & industrial 2,495,943  3,415  580  —  15,422  2,515,360 
Commercial construction 1,750,058  424  —  —  1,368  1,751,850 
Equipment financing 1,758,884  3,709  3,612  —  11,731  1,777,936 
Total commercial 14,090,929  10,034  4,192  —  51,352  14,156,507 
Residential mortgage 3,179,352  6,512  1,969  —  22,597  3,210,430 
Home equity 1,173,748  1,607  1,007  —  4,093  1,180,455 
Residential construction 172,533  90  —  1,203  173,829 
Consumer 189,250  340  161  —  1,207  190,958 
Total loans $ 18,805,812  $ 18,583  $ 7,332  $ —  $ 80,452  $ 18,912,179 
As of December 31, 2024
Owner occupied CRE
$ 3,381,622  $ 4,402  $ 519  $ —  $ 11,674  $ 3,398,217 
Income producing CRE
4,333,651  1,705  207  —  25,357  4,360,920 
Commercial & industrial 2,395,889  2,665  483  —  29,339  2,428,376 
Commercial construction 1,646,175  1,693  442  —  7,400  1,655,710 
Equipment financing 1,644,721  5,939  2,916  —  8,925  1,662,501 
Total commercial 13,402,058  16,404  4,567  —  82,695  13,505,724 
Residential mortgage 3,199,956  4,808  2,100  —  24,615  3,231,479 
Home equity 1,059,010  986  248  —  4,630  1,064,874 
Residential construction 177,371  133  844  —  57  178,405 
Manufactured housing 155  124  —  —  1,444  1,723 
Consumer 185,545  636  129  —  138  186,448 
Total loans $ 18,024,095  $ 23,091  $ 7,888  $ —  $ 113,579  $ 18,168,653 

The following table presents nonaccrual loans held for investment by loan class for the periods indicated.
Nonaccrual Loans
  June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
(in thousands) With no allowance With an allowance Total With no allowance With an allowance Total
Owner occupied CRE
$ 2,625  $ 5,582  $ 8,207  $ 9,926  $ 1,748  $ 11,674 
Income producing CRE
10,749  3,875  14,624  24,970  387  25,357 
Commercial & industrial 7,689  7,733  15,422  21,570  7,769  29,339 
Commercial construction 836  532  1,368  6,817  583  7,400 
Equipment financing 24  11,707  11,731  33  8,892  8,925 
Total commercial 21,923  29,429  51,352  63,316  19,379  82,695 
Residential mortgage 2,716  19,881  22,597  6,540  18,075  24,615 
Home equity 708  3,385  4,093  231  4,399  4,630 
Residential construction 773  430  1,203  —  57  57 
Manufactured housing —  —  —  —  1,444  1,444 
Consumer 1,206  1,207  36  102  138 
Total $ 26,121  $ 54,331  $ 80,452  $ 70,123  $ 43,456  $ 113,579 

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, United had $36.0 million and $75.1 million, respectively, in loans for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Estimated credit losses for these loans are based on the net realizable value of the collateral relative to the amortized cost of the loan. The majority of these loans are income producing CRE and commercial and industrial loans.
17

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Lease Receivables
The equipment financing portfolio includes sales-type and direct financing lease receivables. The components of the net investment in these lease receivables as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are provided in the table below.
(in thousands) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Minimum future lease payments receivable $ 106,362  $ 97,793 
Estimated residual value of leased equipment 6,737  5,749 
Initial direct costs 2,071  1,856 
Security deposits (485) (491)
Unearned income (16,669) (15,412)
Net investment in leases $ 98,016  $ 89,495 

Minimum future lease payments expected to be received from equipment financing lease contracts as of June 30, 2025 were as follows: 
(in thousands)
Year  
Remainder of 2025 $ 19,125 
2026 33,831 
2027 26,955 
2028 17,182 
2029 7,959 
Thereafter 1,310 
Total $ 106,362 

Credit Quality Indicators
United utilizes internal risk ratings as the primary credit quality indicator as outlined below:

Commercial Purpose Loans. United analyzes commercial loans individually on an ongoing basis based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, public information, and current industry and economic trends, among other factors. Commercial loans are categorized by the credit risk ratings of Pass, Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful. Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful ratings are defined by regulatory authorities and represent an elevated level of risk due to weaknesses identified related to the credit and/or borrower. Ratings within these categories are based on the severity of the weakness and the likelihood of repayment. Pass loans are considered to have a low probability of default and do not meet the criteria of the other ratings.

Consumer Purpose Loans. United applies a pass/fail grading system to all consumer purpose loans. Under this system, loans generally classified as “fail” are those that are on nonaccrual status, become past due 90 days, or meet certain bankruptcy status criteria. All other loans are classified as “pass”. For reporting purposes, loans in these categories that are classified as “fail” are reported as substandard and all other loans are reported as pass.

18

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables present the risk category of term loans and gross charge-offs by vintage year, which is the year of origination or most recent renewal, as of the date indicated.
(in thousands) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolvers Revolvers converted to term loans Total
As of June 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior
Owner occupied CRE
Pass $ 338,649  $ 435,661  $ 507,581  $ 618,033  $ 502,481  $ 856,402  $ 128,598  $ 24,352  $ 3,411,757 
Special Mention —  3,436  23,464  12,001  18,616  15,601  4,800  233  78,151 
Substandard 1,083  2,950  4,137  32,581  7,796  22,193  2,346  132  73,218 
Total owner occupied CRE $ 339,732  $ 442,047  $ 535,182  $ 662,615  $ 528,893  $ 894,196  $ 135,744  $ 24,717  $ 3,563,126 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 165  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 667  $ —  $ —  $ 832 
Income producing CRE
Pass $ 403,211  $ 473,221  $ 496,550  $ 906,116  $ 891,169  $ 1,064,513  $ 49,931  $ 13,550  $ 4,298,261 
Special Mention 11,989  5,342  3,070  36,924  2,609  8,702  —  —  68,636 
Substandard 20,038  40,187  38,391  7,831  3,830  71,061  —  —  181,338 
Total income producing CRE $ 435,238  $ 518,750  $ 538,011  $ 950,871  $ 897,608  $ 1,144,276  $ 49,931  $ 13,550  $ 4,548,235 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,970  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,970 
Commercial & industrial
Pass $ 283,935  $ 442,728  $ 361,686  $ 213,279  $ 185,955  $ 270,360  $ 628,197  $ 15,165  $ 2,401,305 
Special Mention 59  2,313  9,430  17,862  1,757  3,980  7,589  1,564  44,554 
Substandard 2,565  3,239  21,638  5,563  5,061  9,043  15,663  6,729  69,501 
Total commercial & industrial $ 286,559  $ 448,280  $ 392,754  $ 236,704  $ 192,773  $ 283,383  $ 651,449  $ 23,458  $ 2,515,360 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 676  $ 3,896  $ 736  $ —  $ 225  $ —  $ 597  $ 6,130 
Commercial construction
Pass $ 271,120  $ 374,217  $ 318,612  $ 446,901  $ 126,786  $ 59,949  $ 43,352  $ 2,724  $ 1,643,661 
Special Mention 5,896  7,062  462  41,989  5,253  464  6,333  110  67,569 
Substandard —  458  543  29,998  5,604  4,017  —  —  40,620 
Total commercial construction $ 277,016  $ 381,737  $ 319,617  $ 518,888  $ 137,643  $ 64,430  $ 49,685  $ 2,834  $ 1,751,850 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 130  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 130 
Equipment financing
Pass $ 442,271  $ 583,426  $ 372,142  $ 254,493  $ 82,532  $ 27,948  $ —  $ —  $ 1,762,812 
Special Mention —  —  —  550  417  —  —  —  967 
Substandard 499  2,091  4,196  4,229  2,344  798  —  —  14,157 
Total equipment financing $ 442,770  $ 585,517  $ 376,338  $ 259,272  $ 85,293  $ 28,746  $ —  $ —  $ 1,777,936 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 1,083  $ 4,001  $ 4,734  $ 1,677  $ 369  $ —  $ —  $ 11,864 
Residential mortgage
Pass $ 106,569  $ 112,636  $ 326,486  $ 976,419  $ 952,065  $ 706,930  $ —  $ 2,731  $ 3,183,836 
Substandard —  1,736  3,334  7,531  3,204  10,646  —  143  26,594 
Total residential mortgage $ 106,569  $ 114,372  $ 329,820  $ 983,950  $ 955,269  $ 717,576  $ —  $ 2,874  $ 3,210,430 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ 373  $ 48  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 421 
Home equity
Pass $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,143,215  $ 32,360  $ 1,175,575 
Substandard —  —  —  —  —  —  —  4,880  4,880 
Total home equity $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,143,215  $ 37,240  $ 1,180,455 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 71  $ 71 
Residential construction
Pass $ 33,404  $ 90,141  $ 20,315  $ 14,483  $ 6,474  $ 7,688  $ —  $ 88  $ 172,593 
Substandard —  80  944  72  131  —  —  1,236 
Total residential construction $ 33,404  $ 90,221  $ 21,259  $ 14,555  $ 6,483  $ 7,819  $ —  $ 88  $ 173,829 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ 102  $ 124  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 226 
Consumer
Pass $ 58,563  $ 56,385  $ 31,570  $ 17,592  $ 4,380  $ 2,300  $ 18,794  $ 109  $ 189,693 
Substandard —  220  486  176  137  246  —  —  1,265 
Total consumer $ 58,563  $ 56,605  $ 32,056  $ 17,768  $ 4,517  $ 2,546  $ 18,794  $ 109  $ 190,958 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 1,956  $ 234  $ 131  $ 80  $ 35  $ 13  $ —  $ 47  $ 2,496 

19

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(in thousands) Term Loans Revolvers Revolvers converted to term loans Total
As of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior
Owner occupied CRE
Pass $ 455,248  $ 540,913  $ 621,020  $ 555,846  $ 507,121  $ 425,932  $ 120,574  $ 21,867  $ 3,248,521 
Special Mention 1,093  13,414  13,653  14,735  6,520  6,496  4,995  393  61,299 
Substandard 3,285  5,365  37,791  9,647  8,519  22,319  1,471  —  88,397 
Total owner occupied CRE $ 459,626  $ 559,692  $ 672,464  $ 580,228  $ 522,160  $ 454,747  $ 127,040  $ 22,260  $ 3,398,217 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ 221  $ —  $ —  $ 707  $ —  $ —  $ 928 
Income producing CRE
Pass $ 468,247  $ 477,887  $ 977,090  $ 896,096  $ 614,584  $ 606,395  $ 50,955  $ 15,025  $ 4,106,279 
Special Mention 16,852  2,145  21,007  2,724  3,538  10,465  50  —  56,781 
Substandard 59,437  36,259  16,758  3,411  39,085  42,910  —  —  197,860 
Total income producing CRE $ 544,536  $ 516,291  $ 1,014,855  $ 902,231  $ 657,207  $ 659,770  $ 51,005  $ 15,025  $ 4,360,920 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 3,128  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,691  $ —  $ —  $ 4,819 
Commercial & industrial
Pass $ 464,843  $ 440,557  $ 270,459  $ 198,320  $ 125,964  $ 180,262  $ 583,147  $ 8,480  $ 2,272,032 
Special Mention 8,630  12,438  18,832  2,794  1,238  3,794  24,286  1,806  73,818 
Substandard 2,428  22,877  9,773  12,133  3,986  7,081  16,078  8,170  82,526 
Total commercial & industrial $ 475,901  $ 475,872  $ 299,064  $ 213,247  $ 131,188  $ 191,137  $ 623,511  $ 18,456  $ 2,428,376 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 842  $ 2,908  $ 6,826  $ 1,994  $ 2,282  $ 1,236  $ —  $ 3,270  $ 19,358 
Commercial construction
Pass $ 448,497  $ 348,179  $ 495,712  $ 153,303  $ 40,254  $ 40,004  $ 46,863  $ 1,196  $ 1,574,008 
Special Mention 5,005  462  44,152  5,253  —  100  6,040  —  61,012 
Substandard 1,900  3,956  1,491  6,549  6,621  173  —  —  20,690 
Total commercial construction $ 455,402  $ 352,597  $ 541,355  $ 165,105  $ 46,875  $ 40,277  $ 52,903  $ 1,196  $ 1,655,710 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 69  $ 53  $ —  $ —  $ 23  $ —  $ —  $ 145 
Equipment financing
Pass $ 693,205  $ 454,501  $ 328,490  $ 122,920  $ 33,870  $ 15,788  $ —  $ —  $ 1,648,774 
Special Mention —  —  659  1,989  708  496  —  —  3,852 
Substandard 653  2,784  3,453  1,828  527  630  —  —  9,875 
Total equipment financing $ 693,858  $ 457,285  $ 332,602  $ 126,737  $ 35,105  $ 16,914  $ —  $ —  $ 1,662,501 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 261  $ 5,489  $ 13,359  $ 6,418  $ 1,033  $ 309  $ —  $ —  $ 26,869 
Residential mortgage
Pass $ 121,145  $ 321,804  $ 1,015,693  $ 989,673  $ 402,894  $ 347,249  $ —  $ 2,971  $ 3,201,429 
Substandard 2,291  3,841  8,922  2,410  1,748  10,618  —  220  30,050 
Total residential mortgage $ 123,436  $ 325,645  $ 1,024,615  $ 992,083  $ 404,642  $ 357,867  $ —  $ 3,191  $ 3,231,479 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 87  $ 124  $ 71  $ $ —  $ 10  $ —  $ —  $ 295 
Home equity
Pass $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,028,340  $ 31,291  $ 1,059,631 
Substandard —  —  —  —  —  —  —  5,243  5,243 
Total home equity $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,028,340  $ 36,534  $ 1,064,874 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 95  $ 95 
Residential construction
Pass $ 74,854  $ 55,164  $ 30,216  $ 8,539  $ 4,528  $ 4,872  $ —  $ 90  $ 178,263 
Substandard —  —  49  —  90  —  —  142 
Total residential construction $ 74,854  $ 55,164  $ 30,265  $ 8,539  $ 4,531  $ 4,962  $ —  $ 90  $ 178,405 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 221  $ 73  $ 48  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 342 
Manufactured housing
Pass $ 124  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 150  $ —  $ —  $ 274 
Substandard 285  506  178  112  169  199  —  —  1,449 
Total manufactured housing $ 409  $ 506  $ 178  $ 112  $ 169  $ 349  $ —  $ —  $ 1,723 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 1,679  $ 3,570  $ 2,518  $ 2,518  $ 4,304  $ —  $ —  $ 14,589 
Consumer
Pass $ 84,100  $ 43,889  $ 20,332  $ 7,103  $ 7,625  $ 563  $ 22,508  $ 100  $ 186,220 
Substandard 118  42  36  30  —  —  228 
Total consumer $ 84,101  $ 44,007  $ 20,374  $ 7,139  $ 7,655  $ 564  $ 22,508  $ 100  $ 186,448 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 3,082  $ 281  $ 162  $ 34  $ 11  $ $ —  $ 152  $ 3,730 

20

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The period-end amortized cost and additional information regarding loans modified under the terms of a FDM during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are presented in the following tables.

Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024
New FDMs Defaults within 12 months of modification New FDMs Defaults within 12 months of modification
(dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost % of Total Class of Receivable Amortized Cost % of Total Class of Receivable
Owner occupied CRE $ 2,364  0.1  % $ —  $ 2,697  0.1  % $ — 
Income producing CRE —  —  —  28,553  0.7  — 
Commercial & industrial —  —  —  27,603  1.2  — 
Equipment financing 7,683  0.4  378  4,290  0.3  284 
Residential mortgage 5,304  0.2  282  1,994  0.1  — 
Home equity 72  —  —  —  —  — 
Manufactured housing —  —  —  126  —  — 
Total loans $ 15,423  0.1  $ 660  $ 65,263  0.4  $ 284 

The following table presents the aging category and accrual status of loans modified under the terms of a FDM during the previous 12 months on an amortized cost basis as of June 30, 2025.

Accruing
Loans Past Due
(in thousands)
Current
30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days > 90 Days
Nonaccrual
Total
As of June 30, 2025
Owner occupied CRE $ 2,654  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 2,654 
Income producing CRE —  —  —  —  7,983  7,983 
Commercial & industrial 2,693  306  —  —  130  3,129 
Equipment financing 11,640  17  141  —  1,352  13,150 
Residential mortgage 5,387  —  —  —  1,889  7,276 
Home equity —  —  —  —  72  72 
Consumer —  —  —  —  80  80 
Total $ 22,374  $ 323  $ 141  $ —  $ 11,506  $ 34,344 

The following table presents the amortized cost by type of FDM and the applicable weighted-average impact of the modifications for the periods indicated.

21

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

New FDMs
Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024
(dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Weighted Average
Modification
Amortized Cost Weighted Average
Modification
Extension
Owner occupied CRE $ —  $ 198  6 months
Commercial & industrial —  23,284  11 months
Residential mortgage 538  7.1 years 25  1 year
Total 538  23,507 
Payment Delay
Owner occupied CRE (1)
2,364  7 months 896  4 months
Income producing CRE (2)
—  28,553  1 year
Commercial & industrial (1)
—  155  6 months
Residential mortgage 2,602  9 months — 
Total 4,966  29,604 
Rate Reduction
Commercial & industrial —  891 
50 basis points
Residential mortgage 348 
240 basis points
— 
Home equity 72 
400 basis points
— 
Total 420  891 
Payment Delay and Extension
Commercial & industrial —  573 
Payment delay: 4 months;
Extension: 3 years
Equipment financing 7,683 
Extension and payment delay:
8 months
4,290 
Extension and payment delay:
8 months
Total 7,683  4,863 
Rate Reduction and Extension
Residential mortgage 1,816 
Rate reduction: 393 basis points; Extension: 5.8 years
1,969 
Rate reduction: 471 basis points; Extension: 2.6 years
Manufactured housing —  126 
Rate reduction: 624 basis points; Extension: 6 years
Total 1,816  2,095 
Rate Reduction and Payment Delay
Owner occupied CRE —  1,439 
Rate reduction: 75 basis points;
Payment delay: 6 months
Commercial & industrial —  115 
Rate reduction: 150 basis points;
Payment delay: 6 months
Total —  1,554 
Rate Reduction, Payment Delay & Extension
Owner occupied CRE —  164 
Rate reduction: 75 basis points; Payment delay: 6 months;
Extension: 3 years
Commercial & industrial —  2,585 
Rate reduction: 267 basis points; Payment delay: 6 months;
Extension: 4.5 years
Total —  2,749 
Total $ 15,423  $ 65,263 
(1) Payment delay FDMs in bankruptcy are excluded from the weighted average payment delay calculation.
(2) Payment delays in this category reflect principal payment delays, while interest payments continue in accordance with loan terms.


22

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Allowance for Credit Losses
The ACL for loans represents management’s estimate of life of loan credit losses in the portfolio as of the end of the period. The ACL related to unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.

For all periods presented, United used a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. Expected credit losses were estimated using a regression model for each segment based on historical data from peer banks combined with a baseline economic forecast to predict the change in credit losses. These estimates were then combined with a starting value that was based on United’s recent charge-off experience to produce an expected default rate, with the results subject to a floor.

At June 30, 2025, the baseline economic forecast had worsened slightly relative to the forecasts at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 as the implemented tariffs were larger than anticipated, which negatively affected forecasted unemployment and GDP. However, the decrease in United’s charge-offs lowered the initial expected default rates for some segments and thus contributed to a lower modeled ACL balance. At June 30, 2025, United applied a qualitative adjustment to increase the model’s calculated ACL for the income producing CRE portfolio, partially offset by qualitative adjustments to decrease the model’s calculated ACL for the residential mortgage and commercial and industrial portfolios. These qualitative adjustments were applied to better reflect management’s expectations of future performance as indicated by internal credit performance measures. In addition, at June 30, 2025, United’s qualitative adjustment to estimate losses for loans to borrowers affected by Hurricane Helene added $4.42 million to the ACL balance, compared to $9.80 million at December 31, 2024.

For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year, United reverted to historical credit loss information on a straight line basis over two years. For most collateral types, United reverted to through-the-cycle average default rates using peer data from 2000 to 2017. For loans secured by residential mortgages, the peer data was adjusted for changes in lending practices designed to mitigate the magnitude of losses observed during the 2008 mortgage crisis.

23

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents the balance and activity in the ACL by portfolio segment for the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024
(in thousands)
Beginning Balance
Initial ACL -PCD loans (2)
Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Beginning Balance Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance
Owner occupied CRE $ 21,505  $ 278  $ (561) $ 91  $ (346) $ 20,967  $ 19,658  $ (373) $ 210  $ 2,292  $ 21,787 
Income producing CRE 45,817  910  (950) 17  3,278  49,072  46,798  (3,129) 161  (936) 42,894 
Commercial & industrial 37,704  23  (2,768) 1,741  1,993  38,693  31,858  (3,284) 2,003  1,524  32,101 
Commercial construction 16,725  39  (130) 41  (696) 15,979  20,023  —  48  (454) 19,617 
Equipment financing 47,600  —  (5,927) 964  5,263  47,900  39,982  (6,604) 1,102  10,635  45,115 
Residential mortgage 29,679  —  (372) 59  851  30,217  28,636  (6) 113  (131) 28,612 
Home equity 10,297  (71) 143  442  10,812  9,715  —  27  (356) 9,386 
Residential construction 1,622  —  —  181  1,812  1,529  (56) 30  (119) 1,384 
Manufactured housing (1)
—  —  —  —  —  —  12,044  (1,233) 83  628  11,522 
Consumer 1,025  —  (982) 471  534  1,048  691  (916) 210  619  604 
ACL - loans 211,974  1,251  (11,761) 3,536  11,500  216,500  210,934  (15,601) 3,987  13,702  213,022 
ACL - unfunded commitments 11,227  —  —  —  318  11,545  13,185  —  —  (1,467) 11,718 
Total ACL $ 223,201  $ 1,251  $ (11,761) $ 3,536  $ 11,818  $ 228,045  $ 224,119  $ (15,601) $ 3,987  $ 12,235  $ 224,740 
Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024
(in thousands)
Beginning Balance
Initial ACL - PCD loans (2)
Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Beginning
Balance
Charge-
Offs
Recoveries (Release)
Provision
Ending
Balance
Owner occupied CRE $ 19,873  $ 278  $ (832) $ 236  $ 1,412  $ 20,967  $ 23,542  $ (801) $ 436  $ (1,390) $ 21,787 
Income producing CRE 41,427  910  (1,970) 319  8,386  49,072  47,755  (3,358) 185  (1,688) 42,894 
Commercial & industrial 35,441  23  (6,130) 2,656  6,703  38,693  30,890  (8,070) 2,883  6,398  32,101 
Commercial construction 16,370  39  (130) 179  (479) 15,979  21,741  (53) 81  (2,152) 19,617 
Equipment financing 47,415  —  (11,864) 1,859  10,490  47,900  33,383  (13,893) 2,029  23,596  45,115 
Residential mortgage 32,259  —  (421) 109  (1,730) 30,217  28,219  (22) 145  270  28,612 
Home equity 11,247  (71) 205  (570) 10,812  9,647  (7) 88  (342) 9,386 
Residential construction 1,672  —  (226) 16  350  1,812  1,833  (189) 44  (304) 1,384 
Manufactured housing (1)
450  —  —  —  (450) —  10,339  (2,840) 121  3,902  11,522 
Consumer 844  —  (2,496) 729  1,971  1,048  722  (1,777) 476  1,183  604 
ACL - loans 206,998  1,251  (24,140) 6,308  26,083  216,500  208,071  (31,010) 6,488  29,473  213,022 
ACL - unfunded commitments 10,391  —  —  —  1,154  11,545  16,057  —  —  (4,339) 11,718 
Total ACL $ 217,389  $ 1,251  $ (24,140) $ 6,308  $ 27,237  $ 228,045  $ 224,128  $ (31,010) $ 6,488  $ 25,134  $ 224,740 
(1) The release of ACL presented for manufactured housing loans for the six months ended June 30, 2025 represents a reclassification of the allowance to the consumer line where these loan balances are reflected as of June 30, 2025.
(2) Represents the initial ACL related to PCD loans acquired in the ANB transaction.
24

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 6 – Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The table below presents the fair value of derivative financial instruments, which are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet, as of the dates indicated.
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Notional Amount
Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value
(in thousands) Derivative Asset Derivative Liability Derivative Asset Derivative Liability
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedge of subordinated debt $ 100,000  $ 8,027  $ —  $ 100,000  $ 11,196  $ — 
Cash flow hedges of trust preferred securities 20,000  —  —  20,000  —  — 
Fair value hedges of AFS debt securities 802,731  —  —  821,507  —  — 
Fair value hedges of loans 2,050,000  —  —  1,650,000  —  — 
Total 2,972,731  8,027  —  2,591,507  11,196  — 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Customer derivative positions 1,359,362  10,356  40,944  1,225,732  1,740  63,703 
Dealer offsets to customer derivative positions 1,359,362  12,311  10,155  1,225,732  21,897  1,811 
Risk participations 121,073  —  157  81,147  —  12 
Mortgage banking - loan commitments 60,875  1,472  —  52,444  822  — 
Mortgage banking - forward sales commitment 81,388  —  561  77,401  394  34 
Bifurcated embedded derivatives 51,935  7,658  —  51,935  10,834  — 
Dealer offsets to bifurcated embedded derivatives 51,935  —  9,060  51,935  —  12,274 
Total 3,085,930  31,797  60,877  2,766,326  35,687  77,834 
Total derivatives $ 6,058,661  $ 39,824  $ 60,877  $ 5,357,833  $ 46,883  $ 77,834 
Total gross derivative instruments $ 39,824  $ 60,877  $ 46,883  $ 77,834 
Less: Amounts subject to master netting agreements (7,872) (7,872) (1,900) (1,900)
Less: Cash collateral received/pledged (14,945) (11,445) (33,005) (12,230)
Net amount $ 17,007  $ 41,560  $ 11,978  $ 63,704 

United clears certain derivatives centrally through the CME. CME rules legally characterize variation margin payments for centrally cleared derivatives as settlements of the derivatives’ exposure rather than as collateral. As a result, the variation margin payment and the related derivative instruments are considered a single unit of account for accounting purposes. Variation margin, as determined by the CME, is settled daily. As a result, derivative contracts that clear through the CME have an estimated fair value of zero.

Hedging Derivatives

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk 
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, United utilized interest rate caps and swaps to hedge the variability of cash flows due to changes in interest rates on certain of its variable-rate subordinated debt and trust preferred securities. Gains and losses related to changes in fair value are reclassified into earnings in the periods the hedged forecasted transactions occur. Over the next twelve months, United expects to reclassify $4.03 million of gains from AOCI into earnings related to these agreements.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk 
United uses interest rate derivatives to manage its exposure to changes in fair value attributable to changes in interest rates on certain of its fixed-rate financial instruments.

25

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The table below presents the effect of derivatives in hedging relationships, all of which are interest rate contracts, on net interest income for the periods indicated.
Affected Income Statement Line Item Increase/(Decrease) to Earnings Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Fair value hedges:
AFS securities:
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives $ 1,548  $ 3,120  $ 2,889  $ 5,976 
(Loss) gain recognized on derivative
(4,863) 390  (13,167) 9,852 
Gain (loss) recognized on hedged items 4,901  310  13,308  (9,488)
Net income recognized on AFS securities fair value hedges
Interest revenue - investment securities
$ 1,586  $ 3,820  $ 3,030  $ 6,340 
Loans:
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives $ (327) $ 3,665  $ (887) $ 4,963 
Gain (loss) recognized on derivatives
1,220  3,467  (788) 5,625 
(Loss) gain recognized on hedged items
(826) (3,351) 1,369  (5,646)
Net income (loss) recognized on loan fair value hedges
Interest revenue - loans, including fees $ 67  $ 3,781  $ (306) $ 4,942 
Cash flow hedges:
Long-term debt (1)
Interest expense- long term debt $ 1,129  $ 1,438  $ 2,250  $ 2,878 
 (1) Includes premium amortization expense excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness of $234,000 and $235,000 for the six months ended 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The table below presents the carrying amount of hedged items and cumulative fair value hedging basis adjustments for the periods presented. All fair value hedges of AFS debt securities and loans at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were designated under the portfolio layer method.

(in thousands) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Balance Sheet Location
Carrying Amount
Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment
Hedged Portfolio Layer
Carrying Amount
Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment Hedged Portfolio Layer
Debt securities AFS (1)
$ 983,772  $ 3,556  $ 802,731  $ 1,002,511  $ (9,752) $ 821,507 
Loans and leases held for investment 4,289,904  8,696  2,050,000  4,628,030  7,327  1,650,000 
(1) Carrying amount for AFS debt securities reflects amortized cost, which excludes the hedge accounting basis adjustment.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments 
Customer derivative positions include swaps, caps, and collars between United and certain commercial loan customers with offsetting positions to dealers under a back-to-back program. In addition, United occasionally enters into credit risk participation agreements with counterparty banks to accept or transfer a portion of the credit risk related to interest rate swaps.

United also has three interest rate swap contracts that are economic hedges of market-linked brokered certificates of deposit, which contain embedded derivatives that are bifurcated from the host instruments. The fair value marks on the swaps and the bifurcated embedded derivatives tend to move in opposite directions and therefore provide an economic hedge.
  
In addition, in connection with residential mortgage loans that are originated with the intention of selling them, United enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans and forward loan sales commitments.

26

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The table below presents the gains and losses recognized in income on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the periods indicated.
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Customer derivatives and dealer offsets Other noninterest income $ 1,058  $ 451  $ 2,002  $ 206 
Bifurcated embedded derivatives and dealer offsets Other noninterest income (10) (4) (191)
Mortgage banking derivatives Mortgage loan gains and other related fees (705) 451  (295) 1,352 
Risk participations Other noninterest income (19) (3) 175  (1)
    $ 324  $ 900  $ 1,878  $ 1,366 
 
Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features 
United manages its credit exposure on derivatives transactions by entering into a bilateral credit support agreement with each non-customer counterparty. The credit support agreements require collateralization of exposures beyond specified minimum threshold amounts. The details of these agreements, including the minimum thresholds, vary by counterparty.
 
United’s agreements with each of its derivative counterparties provide that if either party defaults on any of its indebtedness, then it could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The agreements with derivative counterparties also include provisions that if not met, could result in United being declared in default. United has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that provide that if United fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution or is subject to a prompt corrective action directive, the counterparty could terminate the derivative positions and United would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements. Derivatives that are centrally cleared do not have credit-risk-related features that would require additional collateral if United’s credit rating were downgraded.

Note 7 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 
The carrying amount of goodwill and other intangible assets as of the dates indicated is summarized below.

(in thousands) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Core deposit intangible $ 106,984  $ 100,694 
Less: accumulated amortization (57,718) (51,141)
Net core deposit intangible (1)
49,266  49,553 
Goodwill 925,119  907,090 
Total goodwill and other intangible assets, net $ 974,385  $ 956,643 
(1) As intangible assets become fully amortized, they are excluded from balances presented.

During the second quarter of 2025, in connection with the ANB acquisition, United recorded a core deposit intangible of $6.29 million.

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the periods indicated.

Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Balance, beginning of period
$ 907,090  $ 921,253  $ 907,090  $ 919,914 
Acquisition of ANB (1)
18,029  —  18,029  — 
Measurement period adjustment - First Miami
—  —  —  1,339 
FinTrust goodwill write-down
—  (5,100) —  (5,100)
Balance, end of period
$ 925,119  $ 916,153  $ 925,119  $ 916,153 
(1) See Note 3 for further details.
27

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


The estimated aggregate amortization expense for future periods for finite-lived intangibles is as follows:
(in thousands)
Year  
Remainder of 2025 $ 6,502 
2026 11,501 
2027 9,498 
2028 7,592 
2029 5,835 
Thereafter 8,338 
Total $ 49,266 

Note 8 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market available to the entity in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Fair values are categorized within a three-level measurement hierarchy:
Level 1 Valuation is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that United has the ability to access.
Level 2 Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
Level 3 Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption based on unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

United has processes in place to review the significant valuation inputs and to assesses on a quarterly basis how instruments are classified within the valuation framework. Transfers into or out of fair value hierarchy levels are made as the observability of input assumptions change. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, there were no changes to valuation approaches or techniques that warranted a hierarchy level change.

28

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The table below presents United’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall.
(in thousands)
June 30, 2025 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:        
AFS debt securities:        
U.S. Treasuries $ 334,492  $ —  $ —  $ 334,492 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs —  295,691  —  295,691 
State and political subdivisions —  157,422  —  157,422 
Residential MBS —  2,079,812  —  2,079,812 
Commercial MBS —  769,056  —  769,056 
Corporate bonds —  136,595  1,235  137,830 
Asset-backed securities —  301,020  —  301,020 
Equity securities —  2,272  —  2,272 
Mortgage loans held for sale —  37,143  —  37,143 
Mutual funds 14,415  —  —  14,415 
Servicing rights for SBA/USDA loans —  —  4,806  4,806 
Residential mortgage servicing rights —  —  39,677  39,677 
Contingent consideration receivable —  —  7,297  7,297 
Derivative financial instruments —  30,694  9,130  39,824 
Total assets $ 348,907  $ 3,809,705  $ 62,145  $ 4,220,757 
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liability $ 14,417  $ —  $ —  $ 14,417 
Derivative financial instruments —  51,660  9,217  60,877 
Total liabilities $ 14,417  $ 51,660  $ 9,217  $ 75,294 

(in thousands)
December 31, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:        
AFS debt securities:        
U.S. Treasuries $ 503,669  $ —  $ —  $ 503,669 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs —  320,267  —  320,267 
State and political subdivisions —  158,232  —  158,232 
Residential MBS —  2,229,959  —  2,229,959 
Commercial MBS —  822,897  —  822,897 
Corporate bonds —  150,394  2,226  152,620 
Asset-backed securities —  248,647  —  248,647 
Equity securities —  2,341  —  2,341 
Mortgage loans held for sale —  57,534  —  57,534 
Mutual funds 15,335  —  —  15,335 
Servicing rights for SBA/USDA loans —  —  4,697  4,697 
Residential mortgage servicing rights —  —  39,294  39,294 
Contingent consideration receivable —  —  7,470  7,470 
Derivative financial instruments —  35,227  11,656  46,883 
Total assets $ 519,004  $ 4,025,498  $ 65,343  $ 4,609,845 
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liability $ 15,331  $ —  $ —  $ 15,331 
Derivative financial instruments —  65,548  12,286  77,834 
Total liabilities $ 15,331  $ 65,548  $ 12,286  $ 93,165 
 
29

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs related to United’s material categories of Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated.

Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Range Weighted Average Range Weighted Average
Residential mortgage servicing rights Discounted cash flow Discount rate
10.0 - 12.5
10.1 
10.0 - 14.0
10.1 
Prepayment rate
6.5 - 25.8
7.5 
6.5 - 77.6
7.6 
Derivative assets - mortgage Internal model Pull through rate
73.0 - 100
90.2 
70.4 - 100
91.6 
Derivative assets and liabilities - other Dealer priced Dealer priced N/A N/A N/A N/A
Contingent consideration receivable Discounted cash flow Discount rate
0.0 - 7.1
6.4 
0.0 - 7.1
6.4 
Probability of achievement
89.3 - 100
92.6 
89.3 - 100
92.6 

The table below presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated.
2025 2024
(in thousands) Derivative
Assets
Derivative
Liabilities
SBA/USDA Loan Servicing Rights
Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights
Corporate Bonds
Contingent Consideration Receivable
Derivative
Assets
Derivative
Liabilities
SBA/USDA Loan Servicing Rights
Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights
Corporate Bonds
Three Months Ended June 30,                
Beginning balance $ 11,319  $ 10,825  $ 4,920  $ 39,660  $ 2,230  $ 7,390  $ 12,811  $ 13,185  $ 5,507  $ 37,358  $ 2,160 
Additions 1,403  —  410  1,440  —  —  1,362  —  345  1,060  — 
Sales and settlements (1,990) —  (221) (653) (1,000) (93) (1,394) —  (313) (1,037) — 
Fair value adjustments included in OCI —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  37 
Fair value adjustments included in earnings (1,602) (1,608) (303) (770) —  —  154  128  (292) 633  — 
Ending balance $ 9,130  $ 9,217  $ 4,806  $ 39,677  $ 1,235  $ 7,297  $ 12,933  $ 13,313  $ 5,247  $ 38,014  $ 2,197 
Six Months Ended June 30,
Beginning balance $ 11,656  $ 12,286  $ 4,697  $ 39,294  $ 2,226  $ 7,470  $ 10,642  $ 11,172  $ 5,444  $ 35,897  $ 2,205 
Additions 3,245  321  852  2,492  —  —  2,828  —  515  1,778  — 
Transfers from Level 2 —  —  —  —  —  —  484  925  —  —  — 
Sales and settlements (2,595) —  (358) (1,261) (1,000) (173) (2,317) —  (554) (1,797) — 
Fair value adjustments included in OCI —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (8)
Fair value adjustments included in earnings (3,176) (3,390) (385) (848) —  —  1,296  1,216  (158) 2,136  — 
Ending balance $ 9,130  $ 9,217  $ 4,806  $ 39,677  $ 1,235  $ 7,297  $ 12,933  $ 13,313  $ 5,247  $ 38,014  $ 2,197 
30

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Fair Value Option
United generally records mortgage loans held for sale at fair value under the fair value option. Interest income on these loans is calculated based on the note rate of the loan and is recorded in interest revenue. The following tables present the fair value and outstanding principal balance of loans accounted for under the fair value option, as well as the gain or loss recognized from the change in fair value for the periods indicated.
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
(in thousands) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Outstanding principal balance $ 35,885  $ 56,097 
Fair value 37,143  57,534 

Gain (Loss) from Change in Fair Value on Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
Location Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands) 2025 2024 2025 2024
 Mortgage loan gains (losses) and other related fees
$ —  $ 204  $ (179) $ 172 

Changes in fair value were mostly offset by hedging activities. An immaterial portion of these amounts was attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
United may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of the lower of the amortized cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets due to impairment. The following table presents the fair value hierarchy and carrying value of assets that were still held as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recorded during the year-to-date periods presented.
(in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
June 30, 2025        
Loans held for investment $ —  $ —  $ 8,213  $ 8,213 
December 31, 2024
Loans held for investment $ —  $ —  $ 27,313  $ 27,313 

Loans held for investment that are reported above are generally impaired loans that have either been partially charged off or have specific reserves assigned to them.

Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value  
The following disclosure provides estimated fair values for financial instruments not carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect the premium or discount on any particular financial instrument that could result from the sale of United’s entire holdings. All estimates are inherently subjective in nature. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

31

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

  Fair Value Level
(in thousands) Carrying Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
June 30, 2025          
Assets:          
HTM debt securities $ 2,306,730  $ 18,724  $ 1,917,024  $ —  $ 1,935,748 
Loans and leases, net 18,704,375  —  —  18,082,340  18,082,340 
Liabilities:
Deposits 23,963,012  —  23,959,284  —  23,959,284 
Long-term debt 155,143  —  —  151,070  151,070 
December 31, 2024
Assets:
HTM debt securities $ 2,368,107  $ 18,162  $ 1,925,964  $ —  $ 1,944,126 
Loans and leases, net 17,968,982  —  —  17,325,630  17,325,630 
Liabilities:
Deposits 23,460,975  —  23,453,487  —  23,453,487 
Long-term debt 254,152  —  —  248,657  248,657 
 
Note 9 – Reclassifications Out of AOCI

The following table presents the details regarding amounts reclassified out of AOCI for the periods indicated. Amounts shown in parentheses reduce earnings.
(in thousands)
Details about AOCI Components Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
2025 2024 2025 2024
Realized net gains on AFS securities:
$ 286  $ —  $ 292  $ —  Securities gains, net
  (68) —  (70) —  Income tax expense
  $ 218  $ —  $ 222  $ —  Net of tax
Amortization of unrealized losses on HTM securities transferred from AFS:
  $ (1,961) $ (2,474) $ (3,925) $ (4,537) Investment securities interest revenue
  465  702  929  1,195  Income tax expense
  $ (1,496) $ (1,772) $ (2,996) $ (3,342) Net of tax
Reclassifications related to derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts $ 1,129  $ 1,438  $ 2,250  $ 2,878  Long-term debt interest expense
  (285) (363) (568) (731) Income tax expense
  $ 844  $ 1,075  $ 1,682  $ 2,147  Net of tax
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components:
Prior service cost $ 17  $ (46) $ 34  $ (90) Salaries and employee benefits expense
  (5) 12  (9) 23  Income tax expense
  $ 12  $ (34) $ 25  $ (67) Net of tax
Total reclassifications for the period $ (422) $ (731) $ (1,067) $ (1,262) Net of tax

32

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 10 – Earnings Per Share
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)
2025 2024 2025 2024
Net income $ 78,733  $ 66,615  $ 150,146  $ 129,246 
Dividends on preferred stock (1,573) (1,573) (3,146) (3,146)
Earnings allocated to participating securities (438) (368) (850) (713)
Net income available to common shareholders $ 76,722  $ 64,674  $ 146,150  $ 125,387 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic 121,377  119,726  120,714  119,694 
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options 55  59  71  69 
Restricted stock units —  —  35  — 
Diluted 121,432  119,785  120,820  119,763 
Net income per common share:
Basic $ 0.63  $ 0.54  $ 1.21  $ 1.05 
Diluted $ 0.63  $ 0.54  $ 1.21  $ 1.05 
 
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, no potentially dilutive shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options were excluded from the computation of earnings per share because of their antidilutive effect. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, 58,734 and 984 potentially dilutive shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options were excluded from the computation of earnings per share because of their antidilutive effect.

Note 11 – Regulatory Matters

As of June 30, 2025, United and the Bank were categorized as well-capitalized under the regulatory requirements in effect at that time. To be categorized as well-capitalized, United and the Bank must have exceeded the well-capitalized guideline ratios in effect at the time, as set forth in the table below, and have met certain other requirements. Management believes that United and the Bank exceeded all well-capitalized requirements at June 30, 2025, and there have been no conditions or events since quarter-end that would change the status of well-capitalized.

Regulatory capital ratios at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, along with the minimum amounts required for capital adequacy purposes and to be well-capitalized under regulatory requirements in effect at such times, are presented below for United and the Bank:
United Community Banks, Inc.
(Consolidated)
United Community Bank
(dollars in thousands)
Minimum (1)
Well-
Capitalized
June 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
June 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
Risk-based ratios:
CET1 capital 4.5  % 6.5  % 13.34  % 13.27  % 12.60  % 13.05  %
Tier 1 capital 6.0  8.0  13.77  13.72  12.60  13.05 
Total capital 8.0  10.0  15.14  15.17  13.66  14.08 
Leverage ratio 4.0  5.0  10.37  9.96  9.48  9.46 
CET1 capital $ 2,728,423  $ 2,608,136  $ 2,569,206  $ 2,555,941 
Tier 1 capital 2,816,689  2,696,402  2,569,206  2,555,941 
Total capital 3,096,192  2,982,273  2,783,709  2,756,811 
Risk-weighted assets 20,456,677  19,655,227  20,385,881  19,582,815 
Average total assets for the leverage ratio 27,153,560  27,059,513  27,104,174  27,014,385 
(1) As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the minimum ratios as presented were subject to an additional capital conservation buffer of 2.50%

33

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies
 
United is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. United uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it uses for underwriting on-balance sheet instruments. In most cases, collateral or other security is required to support financial instruments with credit risk.
 
The following table summarizes the contractual amount of significant off-balance sheet instruments as of the dates indicated.
(in thousands) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk:    
Commitments to extend credit $ 4,335,416  $ 3,970,991 
Letters of credit 55,752  57,983 

United, in the normal course of business, is subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. Although it is not possible to predict the outcome of these lawsuits, or the range of any possible loss, management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the ultimate aggregate liability, if any, arising from these lawsuits will have a material adverse effect on United’s financial position or results of operations.

34


Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is a discussion of our financial condition at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The purpose of this discussion is to focus on information about our financial condition and results of operations which is not otherwise apparent from our consolidated financial statements and is intended to provide insight into our results of operations and financial condition. The following discussion and analysis should be read along with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part I - Item 1 of this Report, “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and the risk factors discussed in our 2024 10-K and the other reports we have filed with the SEC after we filed the 2024 10-K.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “our,” “us” refer to United on a consolidated basis.
 
Overview
 
We offer a wide array of commercial and consumer banking services and investment advisory solutions through a network of 200 banking offices in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Florida and Alabama. Our equipment finance and SBA/USDA lending businesses operate throughout the United States. At June 30, 2025, we had consolidated total assets of $28.1 billion and 3,050 full-time equivalent employees.

Recent Developments

On May 1, 2025, we completed the acquisition of ANB, which was headquartered in Oakland Park, Florida where it operated one banking location. We acquired $447 million of assets, including goodwill, and assumed $381 million of liabilities in the acquisition, which included $301 million in loans and $374 million in deposits. Our operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 include ANB’s operating results for the period subsequent to the acquisition date.

On July 4, 2025, the U.S. enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which includes a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses. Of note, the 21% corporate tax rate provided by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which was scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2025, was made permanent with the passing of this law.

Results of Operations

We reported net income and diluted earnings per common share of $78.7 million and $0.63, respectively, for the second quarter of 2025, compared to $66.6 million and $0.54, respectively, for the same period in 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we reported net income of $150 million and $129 million, respectively, and diluted earnings per common share of $1.21 and $1.05, respectively.

Net interest revenue for the second quarter and first half of 2025 was $226 million and $438 million, respectively, compared to $209 million and $408 million, respectively, for the same periods of 2024. The increase in net interest revenue was mostly driven by lower deposit interest expense.

Net interest margin for the second quarter and first half of 2025 increased to 3.50% and 3.43%, respectively, from 3.37% and 3.28%, respectively, for the comparative 2024 periods. The increases in net interest margin were primarily due to the larger decrease in interest rates paid on deposits compared to the decrease in interest rates earned on loans.

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $11.8 million and $27.2 million for the second quarter and first half of 2025, respectively, which included $2.49 million for the initial ACL for ANB non-PCD loans and unfunded commitments. Provision expense for the comparative periods of 2024 was $12.2 million and $25.1 million.

Noninterest income of $34.7 million and $70.4 million for the second quarter and first half of 2025 decreased by $1.85 million and $5.78 million, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2024. The decrease was mostly driven by negative fair value adjustments to our mortgage servicing asset and a decrease in wealth management fees. The decrease in wealth management fees is reflective of the decrease in assets under management following the sale of FinTrust in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Noninterest expense of $148 million and $289 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2025 were relatively consistent with the expense reported for the comparative periods of 2024. The three and six months of 2025 included ANB merger-related expense and higher communications and equipment expense, while the comparative periods of 2024 included a $5.10 million goodwill write-down related to the sale of FinTrust.
35



Results for the second quarter and first six months of 2025 are discussed in further detail throughout the following sections of MD&A.

Critical Accounting Estimates
 
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Our accounting and reporting estimates are in accordance with GAAP and conform to customary practices within the banking industry. Estimates that are susceptible to significant changes include accounting for the ACL and fair value measurements, both of which require significant judgments by management. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Also, different assumptions in the application of these accounting estimates could result in material changes in our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations. Our critical accounting estimates are discussed in MD&A in our 2024 10-K.

Non-GAAP Reconciliation and Explanation

This Report contains financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial information includes the following measures: “tangible book value per common share,” and “tangible common equity to tangible assets.” In addition, management presents non-GAAP operating performance measures, which exclude merger-related and other items that are not part of our ongoing business operations. Operating performance measures include “noninterest income - operating,” “noninterest expense - operating,” “net income – operating,” “diluted income per common share – operating,” “tangible book value per common share,” “return on common equity – operating,” “return on tangible common equity – operating,” “return on assets – operating,” “efficiency ratio – operating” and “tangible common equity to tangible assets” We have developed internal policies and procedures to accurately capture and account for merger-related and other charges and those charges are reviewed with the Audit Committee of our Board each quarter. We use these non-GAAP measures because we believe they provide useful supplemental information for evaluating our operations and performance over periods of time, as well as in managing and evaluating our business and in discussions about our operations and performance. We believe these non-GAAP measures may also provide users of our financial information with a meaningful measure for assessing our financial results and credit trends, as well as a comparison to financial results for prior periods. Nevertheless, non-GAAP measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied and are not audited. These non-GAAP measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative to or substitute for, measures determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because non-GAAP measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare our non-GAAP measures to similarly titled measures used by other companies. To the extent applicable, reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable measures as reported in accordance with GAAP are included in Table 1 of MD&A.
36


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Table 1 - Financial Highlights
 (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2025 2024
Second Quarter
2025 - 2024 Change
For the Six Months Ended June 30, YTD Change
Second Quarter
First Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
2025 2024
INCOME SUMMARY  
Interest revenue $ 347,365  $ 335,357  $ 344,962  $ 349,086  $ 346,965  $ 682,722  $ 683,693 
Interest expense 121,834  123,336  134,629  139,900  138,265  245,170  275,844 
Net interest revenue 225,531  212,021  210,333  209,186  208,700  % 437,552  407,849  %
Noninterest income 34,708  35,656  40,522  8,091  36,556  (5) 70,364  76,143  (8)
Total revenue 260,239  247,677  250,855  217,277  245,256  507,916  483,992 
Provision for credit losses 11,818  15,419  11,389  14,428  12,235  (3) 27,237  25,134 
Noninterest expense 147,919  141,099  143,056  143,065  147,044  289,018  292,046  (1)
Income before income tax expense 100,502  91,159  96,410  59,784  85,977  17  191,661  166,812  15 
Income tax expense 21,769  19,746  20,606  12,437  19,362  12  41,515  37,566  11 
Net income 78,733  71,413  75,804  47,347  66,615  18  150,146  129,246  16 
Non-operating items 4,833  1,297  2,203  29,385  6,493  n/m 6,130  8,680  n/m
Income tax benefit of non-operating items (1,047) (281) (471) (6,276) (1,462) n/m (1,328) (1,955) n/m
Net income - operating (1)
$ 82,519  $ 72,429  $ 77,536  $ 70,456  $ 71,646  15  $ 154,948  $ 135,971  14 
PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Per common share:
Diluted net income - GAAP $ 0.63  $ 0.58  $ 0.61  $ 0.38  $ 0.54  17  $ 1.21  $ 1.05  15 
Diluted net income - operating (1)
0.66  0.59  0.63  0.57  0.58  14  1.25  1.10  14 
Cash dividends declared 0.24  0.24  0.24  0.24  0.23  0.48  0.46 
Book value 28.89  28.42  27.87  27.68  27.18  28.89  27.18 
Tangible book value (3)
21.00  20.58  20.00  19.66  19.13  10  21.00  19.13  10 
Key performance ratios:
Return on common equity - GAAP (2)(4)
8.45  % 7.89  % 8.40  % 5.20  % 7.53  % 8.18  % 7.34  %
Return on common equity - operating (1)(2)(4)
8.87  8.01  8.60  7.82  8.12  8.45  7.73 
Return on tangible common equity - operating (1)(2)(3)(4)
12.34  11.21  12.12  11.17  11.68  11.78  11.18 
Return on assets - GAAP (4)
1.11  1.02  1.06  0.67  0.97  1.06  0.94 
Return on assets - operating (1)(4)
1.16  1.04  1.08  1.01  1.04  1.10  0.99 
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
3.50  3.36  3.26  3.33  3.37  3.43  3.28 
Efficiency ratio - GAAP 56.69  56.74  56.05  65.51  59.70  56.71  60.08 
Efficiency ratio - operating (1)
54.84  56.22  55.18  57.37  57.06  55.51  58.08 
Equity to total assets 12.86  12.56  12.38  12.45  12.35  12.86  12.35 
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (3)
9.45  9.18  8.97  8.93  8.78  9.45  8.78 
ASSET QUALITY
NPAs $ 83,959  $ 93,290  $ 115,635  $ 114,960  $ 116,722  (28) $ 83,959  $ 116,722  (28)
ACL - loans 216,500  211,974  206,998  205,290  213,022  216,500  213,022 
Net charge-offs 8,225  9,607  9,517  23,651  11,614  n/m 17,832  24,522  n/m
ACL - loans to loans 1.14  % 1.15  % 1.14  % 1.14  % 1.17  % 1.14  % 1.17  %
Net charge-offs to average loans (4)
0.18  0.21  0.21  0.52  0.26  0.20  0.27 
NPAs to total assets 0.30  0.33  0.42  0.42  0.43  0.30  0.43 
AT PERIOD END ($ in millions)
Loans $ 18,921  $ 18,425  $ 18,176  $ 17,964  $ 18,211  $ 18,921  $ 18,211 
Investment securities 6,382  6,661  6,804  6,425  6,038  6,382  6,038 
Total assets 28,086  27,874  27,720  27,373  27,057  28,086  27,057 
Deposits 23,963  23,762  23,461  23,253  22,982  23,963  22,982 
Shareholders’ equity 3,613  3,501  3,432  3,407  3,343  3,613  3,343 
Common shares outstanding (thousands) 121,431  119,514  119,364  119,283  119,175  121,431  119,175 
(1) Excludes non-operating items as detailed on Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation on next page. (2) Net income less preferred stock dividends, divided by average realized common equity, which excludes AOCI. (3) Excludes effect of acquisition related intangibles and associated amortization. (4) Annualized.
37


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Table 1 (Continued) - Financial Highlights
Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
2025 2024 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Second Quarter
First Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
2025 2024
Noninterest income reconciliation
Noninterest income (GAAP) $ 34,708 $ 35,656 $ 40,522 $ 8,091 $ 36,556 $ 70,364 $ 76,143
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans 27,209
Gain on lease termination (2,400)
Noninterest income - operating $ 34,708 $ 35,656 $ 40,522 $ 35,300 $ 36,556 $ 70,364 $ 73,743
Noninterest expense reconciliation          
Noninterest expense (GAAP) $ 147,919 $ 141,099 $ 143,056 $ 143,065 $ 147,044 $ 289,018 $ 292,046
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) (5,100) (5,100)
FDIC special assessment 764 (1,736)
Merger-related and other charges (4,833) (1,297) (2,203) (2,176) (2,157) (6,130) (4,244)
Noninterest expense - operating $ 143,086 $ 139,802 $ 140,853 $ 140,889 $ 140,551 $ 282,888 $ 280,966
Net income to operating income reconciliation
Net income (GAAP) $ 78,733 $ 71,413 $ 75,804 $ 47,347 $ 66,615 $ 150,146 $ 129,246
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans 27,209
Gain on lease termination (2,400)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) 5,100 5,100
FDIC special assessment (764) 1,736
Merger-related and other charges 4,833 1,297 2,203 2,176 2,157 6,130 4,244
Income tax benefit of non-operating items (1,047) (281) (471) (6,276) (1,462) (1,328) (1,955)
Net income - operating $ 82,519 $ 72,429 $ 77,536 $ 70,456 $ 71,646 $ 154,948 $ 135,971
Diluted income per common share reconciliation
Diluted income per common share (GAAP) $ 0.63 $ 0.58 $ 0.61 $ 0.38 $ 0.54 $ 1.21 $ 1.05
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans 0.18
Gain on lease termination (0.02)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) 0.03 0.03
FDIC special assessment 0.02
Merger-related and other charges 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.02
Diluted income per common share - operating $ 0.66 $ 0.59 $ 0.63 $ 0.57 $ 0.58 $ 1.25 $ 1.10
Book value per common share reconciliation
Book value per common share (GAAP) $ 28.89 $ 28.42 $ 27.87 $ 27.68 $ 27.18 $ 28.89 $ 27.18
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles (7.89) (7.84) (7.87) (8.02) (8.05) (7.89) (8.05)
Tangible book value per common share $ 21.00 $ 20.58 $ 20.00 $ 19.66 $ 19.13 $ 21.00 $ 19.13
Return on tangible common equity reconciliation
Return on common equity (GAAP) 8.45  % 7.89  % 8.40  % 5.20  % 7.53  % 8.18  % 7.34  %
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans —  —  —  2.43  —  —  — 
Gain on lease termination —  —  —  —  —  —  (0.11)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) —  —  —  —  0.46  —  0.23 
FDIC special assessment —  —  —  —  (0.07) —  0.08 
Merger-related and other charges 0.42  0.12  0.20  0.19  0.20  0.27  0.19 
Return on common equity - operating 8.87  8.01  8.60  7.82  8.12  8.45  7.73 
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles 3.47  3.20  3.52  3.35  3.56  3.33  3.45 
Return on tangible common equity - operating 12.34  % 11.21  % 12.12  % 11.17  % 11.68  % 11.78  % 11.18  %
38


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Table 1 (Continued) - Financial Highlights
Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
2025 2024 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Second Quarter
First Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
2025 2024
Return on assets reconciliation
Return on assets (GAAP) 1.11  % 1.02  % 1.06  % 0.67  % 0.97  % 1.06  % 0.94  %
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans —  —  —  0.31  —  —  — 
Gain on lease termination —  —  —  —  —  —  (0.01)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) —  —  —  —  0.06  —  0.03 
FDIC special assessment —  —  —  —  (0.01) —  0.01 
Merger-related and other charges 0.05  0.02  0.02  0.03  0.02  0.04  0.02 
Return on assets - operating 1.16  % 1.04  % 1.08  % 1.01  % 1.04  % 1.10  % 0.99  %
Efficiency ratio reconciliation
Efficiency ratio (GAAP) 56.69  % 56.74  % 56.05  % 65.51  % 59.70  % 56.71  % 60.08  %
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans —  —  —  (7.15) —  —  — 
Gain on lease termination —  —  —  —  —  —  0.29 
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) —  —  —  —  (2.07) —  (1.05)
FDIC special assessment —  —  —  —  0.31  —  (0.36)
Merger-related and other charges (1.85) (0.52) (0.87) (0.99) (0.88) (1.20) (0.88)
Efficiency ratio - operating 54.84  % 56.22  % 55.18  % 57.37  % 57.06  % 55.51  % 58.08  %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets reconciliation
Equity to total assets (GAAP) 12.86  % 12.56  % 12.38  % 12.45  % 12.35  % 12.86  % 12.35  %
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles (3.10) (3.06) (3.09) (3.20) (3.24) (3.10) (3.24)
Effect of preferred equity (0.31) (0.32) (0.32) (0.32) (0.33) (0.31) (0.33)
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 9.45  % 9.18  % 8.97  % 8.93  % 8.78  % 9.45  % 8.78  %

Net Interest Revenue

For the quarter:

FTE net interest revenue for the second quarter of 2025 was $227 million, an increase of $16.8 million from the same period in 2024. Net interest-rate spread and net interest margin were 2.62% and 3.50%, respectively, which were up 30 basis points and 13 basis points, respectively, compared to the second quarter of 2024. The interest rate changes during the past year included cuts of 100 basis points in the federal funds rate, which drove decreases in funding costs, and to a lesser extent, loan yields.

For the six months ended:

FTE net interest revenue for the first six months of 2025 and 2024 was $440 million and $410 million, respectively. During the first six months of 2025, our net interest spread increased 31 basis points and our net interest margin increased by 15 basis points compared to the same period of 2024. Changes in net interest revenue and related metrics for the six months ended 2025 were a result of the same factors affecting the quarter.

39


Table 2 - Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands, (FTE))
  2025 2024
Average Balance Interest Average Rate Average Balance Interest Average Rate
Assets:            
Interest-earning assets:            
Loans, net of unearned income (FTE) (1)(2)
$ 18,664,228  $ 288,023  6.19  % $ 18,213,384  $ 291,378  6.43  %
Taxable securities (3)
6,492,288  54,191  3.34  5,952,414  48,364  3.25 
Tax-exempt securities (FTE) (1)(3)
354,162  2,236  2.53  363,393  2,273  2.50 
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning assets 451,953  3,898  3.46  499,565  6,011  4.84 
Total interest-earning assets (FTE) 25,962,631  348,348  5.38  25,028,756  348,026  5.59 
Noninterest-earning assets:
Allowance for credit losses (220,059) (215,104)
Cash and due from banks 203,909  204,792 
Premises and equipment 398,241  392,325 
Other assets (3)
1,637,125  1,605,558 
Total assets $ 27,981,847  $ 27,016,327 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW and interest-bearing demand $ 6,051,489  36,956  2.45  $ 5,866,038  43,910  3.01 
Money market 6,645,336  49,603  2.99  6,068,530  53,531  3.55 
Savings 1,195,295  1,457  0.49  1,160,708  687  0.24 
Time 3,532,848  30,596  3.47  3,544,327  35,695  4.05 
Brokered time deposits 50,488  524  4.16  50,323  639  5.11 
Total interest-bearing deposits 17,475,456  119,136  2.73  16,689,926  134,462  3.24 
Federal funds purchased and other borrowings 7,412  83  4.49  4,093  60  5.90 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances —  —  —  —  —  — 
Long-term debt 237,992  2,615  4.41  324,870  3,743  4.63 
Total borrowed funds 245,404  2,698  4.41  328,963  3,803  4.65 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 17,720,860  121,834  2.76  17,018,889  138,265  3.27 
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits 6,351,540  6,283,487 
Other liabilities 346,643  400,974 
Total liabilities 24,419,043  23,703,350 
Shareholders' equity 3,562,804  3,312,977 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 27,981,847  $ 27,016,327 
Net interest revenue (FTE)   $ 226,514  $ 209,761 
Net interest-rate spread (FTE)     2.62  % 2.32  %
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
    3.50  % 3.37  %
 
(1)Interest revenue on tax-exempt securities and loans includes a taxable-equivalent adjustment to reflect comparable interest on taxable securities and loans. The FTE adjustment totaled $983,000 and $1.06 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The tax rate used to calculate the adjustment was 25%, reflecting the statutory federal income tax rate and the federal tax adjusted state income tax rate.
(2)Included in the average balance of loans outstanding are loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans that are held for sale.
(3)Unrealized losses on AFS securities, including those related to the transfer from AFS to HTM, have been reclassified to other assets. Pretax unrealized losses of $240 million in 2025 and $344 million in 2024 are included in other assets for purposes of this presentation.
(4)Net interest margin is taxable equivalent net interest revenue divided by average interest-earning assets.
40


Table 3 - Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands, (FTE))
  2025 2024
Average Balance Interest Average Rate Average Balance Interest Average Rate
Assets:            
Interest-earning assets:            
Loans, net of unearned income (FTE) (1)(2)
$ 18,440,110  $ 561,953  6.15  % $ 18,256,562  $ 575,338  6.34  %
Taxable securities (3)
6,614,294  111,363  3.37  5,890,408  93,079  3.16 
Tax-exempt securities (FTE) (1)(3)
355,430  4,481  2.52  364,873  4,584  2.51 
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning assets 426,415  6,899  3.26  587,080  12,816  4.39 
Total interest-earning assets (FTE) 25,836,249  684,696  5.34  25,098,923  685,817  5.49 
Non-interest-earning assets:
Allowance for loan losses (215,141) (214,050)
Cash and due from banks 211,681  212,998 
Premises and equipment 397,347  389,173 
Other assets (3)
1,623,689  1,611,928 
Total assets $ 27,853,825  $ 27,098,972 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW and interest-bearing demand $ 6,092,519  74,346  2.46  $ 5,972,065  90,121  3.03 
Money market 6,614,819  99,144  3.02  5,966,374  104,009  3.51 
Savings 1,146,075  2,081  0.37  1,176,768  1,393  0.24 
Time 3,489,687  61,427  3.55  3,570,407  71,639  4.03 
Brokered time deposits 50,468  1,072  4.28  50,333  1,084  4.33 
Total interest-bearing deposits 17,393,568  238,070  2.76  16,735,947  268,246  3.22 
Federal funds purchased and other borrowings 43,883  1,190  5.47  2,054  60  5.87 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 19,343  433  4.51  —  — 
Long-term debt 246,061  5,477  4.49  324,854  7,538  4.67 
Total borrowed funds 309,287  7,100  4.63  326,910  7,598  4.67 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 17,702,855  245,170  2.79  17,062,857  275,844  3.25 
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits 6,273,313  6,340,783 
Other liabilities 358,227  395,713 
Total liabilities 24,334,395  23,799,353 
Shareholders' equity 3,519,430  3,299,619 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 27,853,825  $ 27,098,972 
Net interest revenue (FTE) $ 439,526  $ 409,973 
Net interest-rate spread (FTE) 2.55  % 2.24  %
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
3.43  % 3.28  %
 
(1)Interest revenue on tax-exempt securities and loans includes a taxable-equivalent adjustment to reflect comparable interest on taxable securities and loans. The FTE adjustment totaled $1.97 million and $2.12 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The tax rate used to calculate the adjustment was 25%, reflecting the statutory federal income tax rate and the federal tax adjusted state income tax rate.
(2)Included in the average balance of loans outstanding are loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans that are held for sale.
(3)Unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities, including those related to the transfer from AFS to HTM, have been reclassified to other assets. Pretax unrealized losses of $254 million and $333 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively, are included in other assets for purposes of this presentation.
(4)Net interest margin is taxable equivalent net-interest revenue divided by average interest-earning assets.
41


Noninterest Income
 
The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the periods indicated.
Table 4 - Noninterest Income
(dollars in thousands)
  Three Months Ended
June 30,
Change Six Months Ended
June 30,
Change
  2025 2024 Amount Percent 2025 2024 Amount Percent
Service charges and fees:
Overdraft fees $ 3,294  $ 3,374  $ (80) (2) % $ 6,321  $ 6,374  $ (53) (1) %
ATM and debit card fees 3,979  3,939  40  7,755  7,444  311 
Other service charges and fees 2,849  3,307  (458) (14) 5,581  6,066  (485) (8)
Total service charges and fees 10,122  10,620  (498) (5) 19,657  19,884  (227) (1)
Mortgage loan gains and related fees 5,370  6,799  (1,429) (21) 11,492  14,310  (2,818) (20)
Wealth management fees 4,400  6,386  (1,986) (31) 8,865  12,699  (3,834) (30)
Gains on sales of other loans 1,995  1,296  699  54  3,391  2,833  558  20 
Lending and loan servicing fees 3,690  3,328  362  11  7,855  7,538  317 
Securities gains, net 286  —  286  n/m 292  —  292  n/m
Other noninterest income:
Customer derivative fees 905  199  706  n/m 2,157  438  1,719  n/m
Other investment income (333) 1,845  (2,178) n/m 71  2,948  (2,877) n/m
BOLI 2,026  1,909  117  4,135  4,804  (669) (14)
Treasury management income 1,975  1,691  284  17  3,958  3,188  770  24 
Other 4,272  2,483  1,789  72  8,491  7,501  990  13 
Total other noninterest income 8,845  8,127  718  18,812  18,879  (67) — 
Total noninterest income $ 34,708  $ 36,556  $ (1,848) (5) $ 70,364  $ 76,143  $ (5,779) (8)

The decrease in mortgage loan gains and related fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods of 2024 was primarily a result of negative fair value adjustments to our mortgage servicing asset which were less favorable by $1.40 million and $2.98 million, respectively, compared to the fair value adjustments for the comparable periods of 2024. This decrease was partially offset by higher gains on mortgage sales and rate lock volume. The following table provides additional mortgage metrics for the periods indicated.

Table 5 - Mortgage Loan Metrics
(dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2025 2024 % Change 2025 2024 % Change
Mortgage rate locks $ 359,348  $ 294,935  22  % $ 689,838  $ 554,512  24  %
Mortgage loans sold $ 175,256  $ 144,651  21  $ 316,161  $ 270,590  17 
Mortgage loans originated:
Purchases $ 251,504  $ 191,060  32  $ 414,867  $ 339,285  22 
Refinances 33,526  23,791  41  57,395  46,551  23 
Total $ 285,030  $ 214,851  33  $ 472,262  $ 385,836  22 

The decrease in wealth management fees reflects the decrease in assets under management and advisement as a result of the FinTrust sale in the fourth quarter of 2024. Assets under management and advisement totaled $3.29 billion and $5.30 billion at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

42


Customer derivative fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 were up due to stronger loan growth and increased product demand, attributable to the lower rates compared to the same periods of 2024.

The decrease in other investment income was primarily driven by weaker market conditions for the 2025 reporting periods, particularly related to our mutual fund and fintech investments.

The increase in other noninterest income was largely driven by a positive change in collateral charges related to derivative positions.

Provision for Credit Losses

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $11.8 million and $27.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $12.2 million and $25.1 million for the same periods of 2024. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the provision for credit losses included the initial provision for ANB’s non-PCD loans and unfunded commitments of $2.49 million. Additional discussion on credit quality and the ACL is included in the “Asset Quality and Risk Elements” section of MD&A in this Report.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents the components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated.

Table 6 - Noninterest Expense
(dollars in thousands)
  Three Months Ended
June 30,
Change Six Months Ended
June 30,
Change
  2025 2024 Amount Percent 2025 2024 Amount Percent
Salaries and employee benefits $ 86,997  $ 85,818  $ 1,179  % $ 171,264  $ 170,803  $ 461  —  %
Communications and equipment 13,332  11,988  1,344  11  27,031  23,908  3,123  13 
Occupancy 10,935  11,056  (121) (1) 21,864  22,155  (291) (1)
Advertising and public relations 2,881  2,459  422  17  4,762  4,360  402 
Postage, printing and supplies 2,495  2,251  244  11  5,056  4,899  157 
Professional fees 5,609  6,044  (435) (7) 11,540  12,032  (492) (4)
Lending and loan servicing expense 2,330  2,014  316  16  4,317  3,841  476  12 
Outside services - electronic banking 3,570  2,812  758  27  6,333  5,730  603  11 
FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges 4,745  4,467  278  9,387  12,033  (2,646) (22)
Amortization of intangibles 3,292  3,794  (502) (13) 6,578  7,681  (1,103) (14)
Merger-related and other charges 4,833  2,157  2,676  n/m 6,130  4,244  1,886  n/m
Other 6,900  12,184  (5,284) (43) 14,756  20,360  (5,604) (28)
Total noninterest expense $ 147,919  $ 147,044  $ 875  $ 289,018  $ 292,046  $ (3,028) (1)

Communications and equipment expense for the second quarter and first half of 2025 compared to the same periods of 2024 increased primarily due to new software contracts and incremental software contract costs on existing contracts, including volume based increases.

The increase in outside services - electronic banking reflects both volume-based cost increases and enhancements to our digital banking solutions.

FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges decreased for the first six months of 2025 as the comparative period of 2024 included $1.74 million of FDIC special assessment accrued expense.

The decrease in amortization of intangibles was primarily driven by the natural decline in amortization expense of our core deposit intangibles over time. This decrease was partially offset by ANB core deposit intangible amortization expense starting in May 2025.

The increase in merger-related and other charges for the second quarter and first half of 2025 was primarily driven by ANB merger-related costs.

43


Other noninterest expense for the three and six months ended 2025 was down compared to the same periods of last year as 2024 included a goodwill write-down of $5.10 million related to the sale of FinTrust.

Income Tax Expense

The following table presents income tax expense and the effective tax rate for the periods indicated.

Table 7 - Income Tax Expense
(dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended
June 30,
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Income before income taxes $ 100,502  $ 85,977  $ 191,661  $ 166,812 
Income tax expense 21,769  19,362  41,515  37,566 
Effective tax rate 21.7  % 22.5  % 21.7  % 22.5  %

Balance Sheet Review
 
Total assets at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $28.1 billion and $27.7 billion, respectively. Total liabilities at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $24.5 billion and $24.3 billion, respectively. Shareholders’ equity totaled $3.61 billion and $3.43 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Loans

Our loan portfolio is our largest category of interest-earning assets. The following table presents the loan portfolio and the allocation of the ACL by loan type for the periods indicated.

Table 8 - Loan Portfolio Composition and ACL Allocation
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Loans % of portfolio ACL ACL to Loans Loans % of portfolio ACL ACL to Loans
Owner occupied CRE $ 3,563,126  19  % $ 20,967  0.59  % $ 3,398,217  19  % $ 19,873  0.58  %
Income producing CRE 4,548,235  24  49,072  1.08  4,360,920  24  41,427  0.95 
Commercial & industrial 2,515,360  13  38,693  1.54  2,428,376  13  35,441  1.46 
Commercial construction 1,751,850  10  15,979  0.91  1,655,710  16,370  0.99 
Equipment financing 1,777,936  47,900  2.69  1,662,501  47,415  2.85 
Total commercial 14,156,507  75  172,611  1.22  13,505,724  74  160,526  1.19 
Residential mortgage 3,210,430  17  30,217  0.94  3,231,479  18  32,259  1.00 
Home equity 1,180,455  10,812  0.92  1,064,874  11,247  1.06 
Residential construction 173,829  1,812  1.04  178,405  1,672  0.94 
Manufactured housing (2)
—  —  —  —  1,723  —  450  26.12 
Consumer 190,958  1,048  0.55  186,448  844  0.45 
Total (1)
$ 18,912,179  $ 216,500  1.14  $ 18,168,653  $ 206,998  1.14 
(1) Loans presented exclude fair value hedge basis adjustments.
(2) In 2025, manufactured housing loans were included in consumer loans.
44


The following table provides a disaggregation of our income producing CRE portfolio as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Table 9 - CRE - Income Producing Portfolio Composition
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024

Total
% of loans in category
Total
% of loans in category
Retail $ 865,274  19  % $ 765,987  18  %
Office 823,711  18  792,449  18 
Multifamily 590,291  13  633,296  15 
Warehouse 544,620  12  502,586  11 
Other 517,332  11  475,898  11 
Hotel 501,473  11  467,139  11 
Rental 1-4 Family 327,484  326,286 
Senior Care 219,986  259,056 
Self Storage 158,064  138,223 
Total
$ 4,548,235  100  % $ 4,360,920  100  %

Asset Quality and Risk Elements
 
We manage asset quality and control credit risk through review and oversight of the loan portfolio as well as adherence to policies designed to promote sound underwriting and loan monitoring practices. Our credit risk management function is responsible for monitoring asset quality and Board approved portfolio concentration limits, establishing credit policies and procedures and enforcing the consistent application of these policies and procedures.
 
The ACL reflects our assessment of the life of loan expected credit losses in the loan portfolio and unfunded loan commitments. This assessment involves uncertainty and judgment and is subject to change in future periods. See the Critical Accounting Estimates section of MD&A in our 2024 10-K for additional information on the ACL.

The ACL for loans at June 30, 2025 totaled $217 million compared to $207 million at December 31, 2024. The ACL for loans as a percentage of total loans remained flat at 1.14%. The increase in the ACL was primarily attributable to loan growth and the initial allowance established for ANB, partially offset by a reduction in the Hurricane Helene related allowance based on our latest assessment of potential storm related-loan losses. The initial ACL for ANB loans totaled $3.65 million, $1.25 million of which was reclassified from the fair value of PCD loans with no impact to earnings. The Hurricane Helene related reserve totaled $4.42 million and $9.80 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Our ACL for unfunded commitments, which totaled $11.5 million, increased $1.15 million compared to December 31, 2024 mostly due to an increase in our construction commitments.
45


The following table provides a summary of net charge-offs to average loans for the periods indicated.
Table 10 - Net Charge-offs to Average Loans
(dollars in thousands)
  Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
  2025 2024 2025 2024
Net charge-offs (recoveries)
Owner occupied CRE $ 470 $ 163 $ 596 $ 365
Income producing CRE 933 2,968 1,651 3,173
Commercial & industrial 1,027 1,281 3,474 5,187
Commercial construction 89 (48) (49) (28)
Equipment financing 4,963 5,502 10,005 11,864
Residential mortgage 313 (107) 312 (123)
Home equity (72) (27) (134) (81)
Residential construction (9) 26 210 145
Manufactured housing 1,150 2,719
Consumer 511 706 1,767 1,301
Total net charge-offs $ 8,225 $ 11,614 $ 17,832 $ 24,522
Average loans
Owner occupied CRE $ 3,492,599 $ 3,288,757 $ 3,438,970 $ 3,283,715
Income producing CRE 4,488,186 4,113,743 4,451,373 4,168,985
Commercial & industrial 2,507,891 2,341,253 2,479,055 2,371,413
Commercial construction 1,744,511 1,966,053 1,701,888 1,929,485
Equipment financing 1,723,360 1,555,641 1,689,191 1,547,562
Residential mortgage 3,214,776 3,238,225 3,219,652 3,224,620
Home equity 1,134,274 972,630 1,100,224 967,075
Residential construction 174,030 233,317 175,716 256,031
Manufactured housing 322,998 327,220
Consumer 184,601 180,767 184,041 180,456
Total average loans $ 18,664,228 $ 18,213,384 $ 18,440,110 $ 18,256,562
Net charge-offs to average loans (1)
Owner occupied CRE 0.05  % 0.02  % 0.03  % 0.02  %
Income producing CRE 0.08  0.29  0.07  0.15 
Commercial & industrial 0.16  0.22  0.28  0.44 
Commercial construction 0.02  (0.01) (0.01) — 
Equipment financing 1.16  1.42  1.19  1.54 
Residential mortgage 0.04  (0.01) 0.02  (0.01)
Home equity (0.03) (0.01) (0.02) (0.02)
Residential construction (0.02) 0.04  0.24  0.11 
Manufactured housing —  1.43  —  1.67 
Consumer 1.11  1.57  1.94  1.45 
Total 0.18  0.26  0.20  0.27 
(1) Annualized.

We completed the sale of substantially all of our manufactured housing loan portfolio in the third quarter of 2024. For the second quarter and first six months of 2025, the average balance and net charge-offs related to the remaining manufactured housing loans are reflected in consumer loans. Equipment finance charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2025 decreased compared to the same period in 2024 due to lower long-haul trucking related losses.
46


Nonperforming Assets

The table below summarizes NPAs for the periods indicated. NPAs include nonaccrual loans, OREO and repossessed assets. The decrease in NPAs since December 31, 2024 was primarily driven by $49.6 million in payoffs and paydowns of nonaccrual loans. Notably, we had two payoffs of senior care loans (included in income producing CRE) totaling $14.6 million and significant paydowns and payoffs for three larger relationships totaling $17.8 million included in commercial and industrial and owner occupied CRE loans.

Table 11 - NPAs
(dollars in thousands)
June 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
$ Change
Nonaccrual loans:
Owner occupied CRE $ 8,207  $ 11,674  $ (3,467)
Income producing CRE 14,624  25,357  (10,733)
Commercial & industrial 15,422  29,339  (13,917)
Commercial construction 1,368  7,400  (6,032)
Equipment financing 11,731  8,925  2,806 
Total commercial 51,352  82,695  (31,343)
Residential mortgage 22,597  24,615  (2,018)
Home equity 4,093  4,630  (537)
Residential construction 1,203  57  1,146 
Manufactured housing (1)
—  1,444  (1,444)
Consumer 1,207  138  1,069 
Total
80,452  113,579  (33,127)
OREO and repossessed assets 3,507  2,056  1,451 
Total NPAs $ 83,959  $ 115,635  $ (31,676)
Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of total loans 0.43  % 0.62  %
NPAs as a percentage of total assets 0.30  0.42 
ACL - loans to nonaccrual loans coverage ratio 2.69 1.82
(1) In 2025, manufactured housing loans were included in consumer loans.

Investment Securities

The composition of the investment securities portfolio reflects our investment strategy of maintaining an appropriate level of liquidity while providing a relatively stable source of revenue. The investment securities portfolio also provides a balance to interest rate risk and credit risk in other categories of the balance sheet while providing a vehicle for the investment of available funds, furnishing liquidity, and supplying securities to pledge as required collateral for certain deposits and borrowings. The table below summarizes the carrying value of our securities portfolio and other relevant portfolio metrics including weighted-average life and effective duration as of the dates presented. Effective duration represents the expected change in the price of a security when rates change by 100 basis points.
47



Table 12 - Investment Securities
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Carrying Value
% of portfolio
Carrying Value
% of portfolio
$ Change
AFS
$ 4,075,323  64  % $ 4,436,291  65  % $ (360,968)
HTM
2,306,730  36  2,368,107  35  (61,377)
   Total investment securities
$ 6,382,053  $ 6,804,398  $ (422,345)
Investment securities as a % of total assets
23  % 25  %
Weighted average life
5.7 years 5.7 years
Swap adjusted effective duration
3.7  % 3.5  %
Effective duration
4.0  3.9 
We utilize fair value hedges on a portion of our AFS securities portfolio in order to mitigate the impact of potential future unrealized losses on our tangible common equity. Gains and losses related to the hedge and hedged item are reflected in investment securities interest income. The changes in the fair value of the hedge and the hedged item substantially offset each other. See Note 6 to the financial statements for further detail.
At June 30, 2025, HTM debt securities had a fair value of $1.94 billion, indicating net unrealized losses of $371 million (pre-tax). Additional unrealized losses on HTM debt securities of $55.5 million (pre-tax) were included in AOCI as a result of the transfer of AFS debt securities to HTM in 2022. Unrealized losses were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.
See Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements for additional detail.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, goodwill and other intangibles totaled $974 million and $957 million, respectively. In connection with the acquisition of ANB in the second quarter of 2025, we recorded goodwill and a core deposit intangible of $18.0 million and $6.29 million, respectively. See Notes 3 and 7 to the financial statements for further information.

Deposits

Customer deposits are the primary source of funds for the continued growth of our earning assets. We believe our high level of service, as evidenced by our strong customer satisfaction scores, is instrumental in attracting and retaining customer deposit accounts, which has continued to contribute to our organic deposit growth. Since December 31, 2024, customer deposits increased $514 million, which includes deposits of $374 million acquired in the ANB transaction as of the acquisition date. As of June 30, 2025, we had approximately $9.64 billion of uninsured deposits, of which $2.81 billion was collateralized by investment securities.

Table 13 - Deposits
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Balance
% of Total Balance % of Total
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 6,381,975  26  % $ 6,211,182  26  %
NOW and interest-bearing demand 5,986,049  25  6,141,342  26 
Money market and savings 7,832,527  33  7,498,735  32 
Time 3,606,511  15  3,441,424  15 
Total customer deposits 23,807,062  99  23,292,683  99 
Brokered deposits 155,950  168,292 
Total deposits $ 23,963,012  $ 23,460,975 

48


Borrowing Activities

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had long-term debt outstanding of $155 million and $254 million, respectively, which includes senior debentures, subordinated debentures, and trust preferred securities. During the second quarter of 2025, we redeemed our $100 million 2030 senior debentures. At June 30, 2025 there were no short-term borrowings outstanding. At December 31, 2024, there were $195 million in short-term borrowings outstanding. The need to utilize wholesale funding sources has decreased because our liquidity needs have been met by our deposit and cash balances.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
There have not been any material changes to our contractual obligations and off-balance sheet arrangements since December 31, 2024.
 
Interest Rate Sensitivity Management

Interest rate sensitivity is a function of the repricing characteristics of the portfolio of assets and liabilities. Repricing characteristics are the time frames within which the interest rates on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are subject to change either at replacement, repricing or maturity.

Management uses an asset/liability simulation model to measure the potential change in net interest revenue over time using multiple interest rate scenarios. Our modeling is based on the 12-month impact on net interest revenue simulations with various interest rate shocks and ramps, which are compared to a base scenario that assumes rates remain unchanged. In the shock scenarios, rates immediately change the full amount at the scenario onset. In the ramp scenarios, rates change by 25 basis points per month until they reach the predetermined levels.

The following table presents our interest sensitivity position at the dates indicated. The scenario results presented assume parallel movements in the yield curve, which may differ from actual future curve behavior. Other than an assumption for the runoff of estimated surge deposits, which is assumed to be replaced with higher cost wholesale funding, this presentation generally assumes no change in deposit portfolio size or composition.

Table 14 - Interest Sensitivity
  Increase (Decrease) in Net Interest Revenue from Base Scenario at
  June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Change in Rates Shock Ramp Shock Ramp
200 basis point increase 3.59  % 1.62  % 2.01  % 0.92  %
100 basis point increase 1.97  1.18  1.19  0.66 
100 basis point decrease (3.02) (1.94) (2.27) (1.46)
200 basis point decrease (7.22) (3.08) (6.00) (2.38)

The change in results from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025 reflects more floating interest rate loans and a slight shortening of asset duration to address rising interest rate risk concerns. In addition, the balance sheet became slightly more asset sensitive at June 30, 2025 due to higher cash balances on hand at quarter-end.

Liquidity Management
The Bank’s main source of liquidity is customer interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposit accounts. Liquidity is also available from wholesale funding sources consisting primarily of repurchase agreements, Federal funds purchased, FHLB advances, and brokered deposits. These sources of liquidity are generally short-term in nature and are used as necessary to fund asset growth and meet other short-term liquidity needs. As part of our liquidity management, we focus on maximizing the amount of securities and loans available as collateral for contingent liquidity sources and calibrating our assumptions in our liquidity stress test on an ongoing basis, particularly as it relates to deposit duration. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had sufficient liquid funds and qualifying collateral to support additional borrowings, which are detailed in the table below.
49


Table 15 - Liquid Funds and Unused Borrowing Capacity
(in thousands)
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Available liquid funds:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 574,956  $ 519,873 
Availability of borrowings (1):
FHLB 1,921,234  1,917,905 
Federal Reserve - Discount Window 2,395,442  2,267,139 
Unpledged securities available as collateral for additional borrowings 3,571,790  3,603,885 
(1) Based on collateral pledged.

In addition, because the Holding Company is a separate entity and apart from the Bank, it must provide for its own liquidity. The Holding Company is responsible for the payment of dividends declared for its common and preferred shareholders, and interest and principal on any outstanding debt or trust preferred securities. The Holding Company currently has sufficient liquid assets to meet these obligations. Holding Company liquidity is maintained at a level of at least 125% of the next 12 months of forecasted cash obligations.
In the opinion of management, our liquidity position at June 30, 2025 was sufficient to meet our expected cash flow requirements for the foreseeable future. See the consolidated statement of cash flows for further detail.

Capital Resources and Dividends
 
Shareholders’ equity at June 30, 2025 was $3.61 billion, an increase of $181 million from December 31, 2024 primarily due to year-to-date earnings, other comprehensive income and the issuance of stock for the ANB acquisition, partially offset by dividends declared on common and preferred stock.

The following table shows capital ratios, as calculated under applicable regulatory guidelines, at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, capital levels remained characterized as “well-capitalized” under regulatory requirements in effect at the time. Additional information related to capital ratios is provided in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements.

Table 16 - Capital Ratios
United Community Banks, Inc.
(Consolidated)
United Community Bank
Minimum Well-
Capitalized
Minimum Capital Plus Capital Conservation Buffer June 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
June 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
Risk-based ratios:
CET1 capital 4.5  % 6.5  % 7.0  % 13.34  % 13.27  % 12.60  % 13.05  %
Tier 1 capital 6.0  8.0  8.5  13.77  13.72  12.60  13.05 
Total capital 8.0  10.0  10.5  15.14  15.17  13.66  14.08 
Leverage ratio 4.0  5.0  N/A 10.37  9.96  9.48  9.46 
50



The following table shows capital composition as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Table 17 - Capital Composition under Basel III
(in thousands)
United Community Banks, Inc. (Consolidated)
United Community Bank

June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Total common shareholders' equity $ 3,524,658  $ 3,343,861  $ 3,358,442  $ 3,282,263 
CECL transitional amount —  3,334  —  3,334 
Goodwill (925,119) (907,090) (925,119) (907,090)
Intangibles, other than goodwill and mortgage servicing rights, net of associated DTLs (41,937) (42,334) (41,937) (42,334)
DTAs arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards (6,349) (2,554) (5,422) (1,988)
Net unrealized losses on AFS securities 142,149  177,645  141,233  176,777 
Accumulated net gains on cash flow hedges (6,988) (9,705) —  — 
Net unrealized losses on HTM securities that are included in AOCI 42,133  45,129  42,133  45,129 
Other (124) (150) (124) (150)
CET1 capital 2,728,423  2,608,136  2,569,206  2,555,941 
Preferred stock, net of issuance cost 88,266  88,266  —  — 
Tier 1 capital 2,816,689  2,696,402  2,569,206  2,555,941 
Tier 2 capital instruments 65,000  85,000  —  — 
Qualifying ACL 214,503  200,871  214,503  200,870 
Total capital $ 3,096,192  $ 2,982,273  $ 2,783,709  $ 2,756,811 

Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices
 
A bank’s asset and liability structure is substantially different from that of an industrial firm in that primarily all assets and liabilities of a bank are monetary in nature with relatively little investment in fixed assets or inventories. Management believes the effect of inflation on financial results depends on our ability to react to changes in interest rates, and by such reaction, reduce the inflationary effect on performance. We have an asset/liability management program to manage interest rate sensitivity. In addition, periodic reviews of banking services and products are conducted to adjust pricing in view of current and expected costs.

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
 
There have been no material changes in our market risk as of June 30, 2025 from that presented in our 2024 10-K. Our interest rate sensitivity position at June 30, 2025 is set forth in Table 14 in MD&A of this Report and incorporated herein by this reference.
 
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

    (a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of June 30, 2025. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

    (b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
51


Part II. OTHER INFORMATION 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table contains information regarding purchases of our common stock made during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 by or on behalf of United or any “affiliated purchaser,” as defined by Rule 10b-18(a)(3) of the Exchange Act:

Common Stock Repurchases
(Dollars in thousands, except for per share amounts) Total Number of Shares
Purchased
Average
Price Paid
per Share
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs (1)
April 1, 2025 - April 30, 2025
343,338  $ 27.31  343,338  $ 90,622 
May 1, 2025 - May 31, 2025
163,262  27.96  163,262  86,058 
June 1, 2025 - June 30, 2025
—  —  —  86,058 
Total 506,600  $ 27.52  506,600 
 
(1) Under United’s common stock repurchase program, management is authorized to repurchase up to $100 million of its common stock. The program is scheduled to expire on the earlier of the repurchase of our common stock having an aggregate purchase price of $100 million or December 31, 2025. A more detailed description of United’s common stock repurchase plan is included in its 2024 10-K.

Item 5. Other Information

(c)    On June 10, 2025, Lynn Harton, our President and Chief Executive Officer, entered into a”Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K), providing for the sale of 25,000 shares of United common stock beginning February 15, 2026 and continuing until March 16, 2026, or such earlier time as all shares covered by the trading arrangement are sold.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, no other director or officer of the Company adopted, modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
52


Item 6. Exhibits

(d)     Exhibits. See Exhibit Index below.

EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.   Description
 
 
 
101
Interactive data files for United Community Bank, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited); (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited); (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited); (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited); (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited); and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
104
The cover page from United Community Bank’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 (formatted in Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101)


53


Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
  UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
   
  /s/ H. Lynn Harton
  H. Lynn Harton
  President and Chief Executive Officer
  (Principal Executive Officer)
   
  /s/ Jefferson L. Harralson
  Jefferson L. Harralson
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial Officer)
   
  /s/ Alan H. Kumler
  Alan H. Kumler
  Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
  (Principal Accounting Officer)
   
 
Date: August 8, 2025
 

54
EX-31.1 2 ucbi6302510-qexhibit311.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1
 
I, H. Lynn Harton, certify that:
 
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of United Community Banks, Inc. (the “Registrant”);
 
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a - 15(f) and 15d - 15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: August 8, 2025
  /s/ H. Lynn Harton
H. Lynn Harton
    President and Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant
 
 


EX-31.2 3 ucb6302510-qexhibit312.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2
 
I, Jefferson L. Harralson, certify that:
 
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of United Community Banks, Inc. (the “Registrant”);
 
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a - 15(f) and 15d - 15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 
 
Date: August 8, 2025
  /s/ Jefferson L. Harralson
    Jefferson L. Harralson
    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant


EX-32 4 ucb6302510-qexhibit32.htm EX-32 Document

Exhibit 32
 
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report of United Community Banks, Inc. (“United”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2025 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of United certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of United.
  /s/ H. Lynn Harton
  Name: H. Lynn Harton
  Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: August 8, 2025
   
  /s/ Jefferson L. Harralson
  Name: Jefferson L. Harralson
  Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  Date: August 8, 2025