株探米国株
英語
エドガーで原本を確認する
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2025
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from ___________ to ___________
Commission file number 001-35095
UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Georgia   58-1807304
(State of incorporation)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 East Camperdown Way
 
Greenville, South Carolina
29601
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(800) 822-2651
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbol(s) Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, par value $1 per share
UCB
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary shares, each representing 1/1000th interest in a share of
Series I Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock
UCB PRI
New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒

There were 121,499,282 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $1 per share, outstanding as of May 1, 2025.



UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
  Item 1. Financial Statements  
   
       
   
       
   
   
       
       
   
       
 
       
 
       
 
       
       
 
 

2


Glossary of Defined Terms

The following terms may be used throughout this report, including the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Term Definition
2024 10-K
United’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025
ACL Allowance for credit losses
AFS Available-for-sale
AOCI Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Bank United Community Bank
Board United Community Banks Inc., Board of Directors
BOLI Bank-owned life insurance
CECL
Current expected credit losses
CET1 Common equity tier 1
CME Chicago Mercantile Exchange
CRE
Commercial real estate
Company United Community Banks Inc. (interchangeable with "United" below)
DTA
Deferred tax asset
DTL
Deferred tax liability
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDM Modification made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty
Federal Reserve
Federal Reserve Bank
FinTrust
Collectively, FinTrust Brokerage Services, LLC and FinTrust Capital Advisors, LLC
FHLB Federal Home Loan Bank
FTE Fully taxable equivalent
GAAP Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
GSE U.S. government-sponsored enterprise
Holding Company United Community Banks, Inc. on an unconsolidated basis
HTM Held-to-maturity
MD&A Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MBS Mortgage-backed securities
NOW Negotiable order of withdrawal
NPA Nonperforming asset
OCI Other comprehensive income (loss)
OREO Other real estate owned
Report
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ending March 31, 2025
SBA United States Small Business Administration
SEC
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
United United Community Banks, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
3


Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements
 
This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are neither statements of historical or current fact nor are they assurances of future performance and generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes”, “expects”, “may”, “will”, “could”, “should”, “projects”, “plans”, “goal”, “targets”, “potential”, “estimates”, “pro forma”, “seeks”, “intends”, or “anticipates”, or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include discussions of strategy, financial projections, guidance and estimates (including their underlying assumptions), statements regarding plans, objectives, expectations or consequences of various transactions or events, and statements about our future performance, operations, products and services, and should be viewed with caution.

Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and changes in circumstances, many of which are beyond our control, and that are difficult to predict as to timing, extent, likelihood and degree of occurrence, and that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results implied or anticipated by the statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to the following:

•negative economic and political conditions that adversely affect the general economy, the banking sector, housing prices, the real estate market, the job market, consumer confidence, the financial condition of our borrowers and consumer spending habits, which may affect, among other things, the levels of NPAs, charge-offs and provision expense;
•changes in loan underwriting, credit review or loss policies associated with economic conditions, examination conclusions or regulatory developments;
•the potential effects of pandemics or public health conditions on the economic and business environments in which we operate, including the impact of actions taken by governmental authorities to address these conditions;
•strategic, market, operational, liquidity and interest rate risks associated with our business;
•potential fluctuations or unanticipated changes in the interest rate environment, including interest rate changes made by the Federal Reserve, replacement or reform of other interest rate benchmarks, as well as cash flow reassessments may reduce net interest margin and/or the volumes and values of loans made or held as well as the value of other financial assets;
•any unanticipated or greater than anticipated adverse conditions in the national or local economies in which we operate;
•our loan concentration in industries or sectors that may experience unanticipated or greater than anticipated adverse conditions than other industries or sectors in the national or local economies in which we operate;
•the risks of expansion into new geographic or product markets;
•risks with respect to our ability to identify and complete future mergers or acquisitions as well as our ability to successfully expand and integrate those businesses and operations that we acquire;
•our ability to attract and retain key employees;
•competition from financial institutions and other financial service providers including non-bank financial technology providers and our ability to attract customers from other financial institutions;
•losses due to fraudulent and negligent conduct of our customers, third-party service providers or employees;
•cybersecurity risks and the vulnerability of our network and online banking portals, and the systems or parties with whom we contract, to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes, spam attacks, human error, natural disasters, power loss and other security breaches that could adversely affect our business and financial performance or reputation;
•our reliance on third parties to provide key components of our business infrastructure and services required to operate our business;
•the risk that we may be required to make substantial expenditures to keep pace with regulatory initiatives and the rapid technological changes in the financial services market;
•the availability of and access to capital, particularly if there were to be increased capital requirements or enhanced regulatory supervision;
•legislative, regulatory or accounting changes that may adversely affect us;
•volatility in the ACL resulting from the CECL methodology, either alone or as that may be affected by conditions affecting our business;
•adverse results (including judgments, costs, fines, reputational harm, inability to obtain necessary approvals and/or other negative effects) from current or future litigation, regulatory proceedings, examinations, investigations, or similar matters, or developments related thereto;
•any matter that would cause us to conclude that there was impairment of any asset, including intangible assets, such as goodwill;
•limitations on our ability to declare and pay dividends and other distributions from the Bank to the Holding Company, which could affect Holding Company liquidity, including its ability to pay dividends to shareholders or take other capital actions;
•the potential effects of events beyond our control that may have a destabilizing effect on financial markets and the economy, such as inflation or recession, terrorist activities, wars and other foreign conflicts, climate change and weather related events, disruptions in our customers’ supply chains, disruptions in transportation, essential utility outages or trade disputes and tariffs including threats thereof, either imposed by the U.S. or other trading partners in retaliation to U.S. tariffs; and
•other risks and uncertainties disclosed in documents filed or furnished by us with or to the SEC, any of which could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed, implied or otherwise anticipated by such forward-looking statements.

We caution readers that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive, is not necessarily in order of importance and readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Additional factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by any forward-looking statements also may be found in our 2024 10-K (including the “Risk Factor” section of that report), Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC and available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. We do not intend to and, except as required by law, hereby disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained in this Report, which speaks only as of the date of its filing with the SEC, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. The financial statements and information contained herein have not been reviewed, or confirmed for accuracy or relevance, by the FDIC or any other regulator.

4


Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data) March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
ASSETS    
Cash and due from banks $ 198,287  $ 296,161 
Interest-bearing deposits in banks 438,425  223,712 
Cash and cash equivalents 636,712  519,873 
Debt securities available-for-sale 4,322,644  4,436,291 
Debt securities held-to-maturity (fair value $1,952,235 and $1,944,126, respectively)
2,338,571  2,368,107 
Loans held for sale 37,344  57,534 
Loans and leases held for investment 18,425,365  18,175,980 
Less allowance for credit losses - loans and leases (211,974) (206,998)
Loans and leases, net 18,213,391  17,968,982 
Premises and equipment, net 391,020  394,264 
Bank owned life insurance 346,410  346,234 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net 953,357  956,643 
Other assets (including $110,213 and $116,020 at fair value, respectively)
634,269  672,330 
Total assets $ 27,873,718  $ 27,720,258 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 6,257,032  $ 6,211,182 
Interest-bearing deposits 17,505,373  17,249,793 
Total deposits 23,762,405  23,460,975 
Short-term borrowings —  195,000 
Long-term debt 254,287  254,152 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (including $80,322 and $93,165 at fair value, respectively)
356,130  378,004 
Total liabilities 24,372,822  24,288,131 
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $1 par value: 10,000,000 shares authorized; 3,662 shares Series I issued and
  outstanding; $25,000 per share liquidation preference
88,266  88,266 
Common stock, $1 par value: 200,000,000 shares authorized,
  119,514,298 and 119,364,110 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
119,514  119,364 
Common stock issuable: 584,083 and 600,168 shares, respectively
12,983  12,999 
Capital surplus 2,711,721  2,710,279 
Retained earnings 754,971  714,138 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (186,559) (212,919)
Total shareholders' equity 3,500,896  3,432,127 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 27,873,718  $ 27,720,258 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
5


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data) 2025 2024
Net interest revenue:
Interest revenue:
Loans, including fees $ 274,056  $ 283,983 
Investment securities, including tax exempt of $1,678 and $1,721, respectively
58,850  46,436 
Deposits in banks and short-term investments 2,451  6,309 
Total interest revenue 335,357  336,728 
Interest expense:
Deposits 118,934  133,784 
Short-term borrowings 1,107  — 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 433  — 
Long-term debt 2,862  3,795 
Total interest expense 123,336  137,579 
Net interest revenue 212,021  199,149 
Noninterest income:
Service charges and fees 9,535  9,264 
Mortgage loan gains and other related fees 6,122  7,511 
Wealth management fees 4,465  6,313 
Net gains from sales of other loans 1,396  1,537 
Lending and loan servicing fees 4,165  4,210 
Securities gains, net — 
Other 9,967  10,752 
Total noninterest income 35,656  39,587 
Total revenue 247,677  238,736 
Provision for credit losses 15,419  12,899 
Noninterest expenses:
Salaries and employee benefits 84,267  84,985 
Communications and equipment 13,699  11,920 
Occupancy 10,929  11,099 
Advertising and public relations 1,881  1,901 
Postage, printing and supplies 2,561  2,648 
Professional fees 5,931  5,988 
Lending and loan servicing expense 1,987  1,827 
Outside services - electronic banking 2,763  2,918 
FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges 4,642  7,566 
Amortization of intangibles 3,286  3,887 
Merger-related and other charges 1,297  2,087 
Other 7,856  8,176 
Total noninterest expenses 141,099  145,002 
Income before income taxes 91,159  80,835 
Income tax expense 19,746  18,204 
Net income $ 71,413  $ 62,631 
Net income available to common shareholders $ 69,429  $ 60,713 
Net income per common share:
Basic $ 0.58  $ 0.51 
Diluted 0.58  0.51 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic 120,043  119,662 
Diluted 120,201  119,743 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
6


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) Before-tax
Amount
Tax
(Expense)
Benefit
Net of Tax
Amount
2025
Net income $ 91,159  $ (19,746) $ 71,413 
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding gains 34,624  (8,170) 26,454 
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (6) (4)
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities 34,618  (8,168) 26,450 
Amortization of unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities transferred from available-for-sale 1,964  (464) 1,500 
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding losses on derivatives (989) 250  (739)
Gains on derivative instruments realized in net income (1,121) 283  (838)
Net cash flow hedge activity (2,110) 533  (1,577)
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components (17) (13)
Total other comprehensive income 34,455  (8,095) 26,360 
Comprehensive income $ 125,614  $ (27,841) $ 97,773 
2024
Net income $ 80,835  $ (18,204) $ 62,631 
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities 356  (209) 147 
Amortization of unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities transferred from available-for-sale 2,063  (493) 1,570 
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gains on derivatives 2,524  (645) 1,879 
Gains on derivative instruments realized in net income (1,440) 368  (1,072)
Net cash flow hedge activity 1,084  (277) 807 
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components 44  (11) 33 
Total other comprehensive income 3,547  (990) 2,557 
Comprehensive income $ 84,382  $ (19,194) $ 65,188 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
7


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except share data)  Shares of Common Stock Preferred Stock Common Stock Common Stock Issuable Capital Surplus Retained Earnings Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Total
December 31, 2024 119,364,110  $ 88,266  $ 119,364  $ 12,999  $ 2,710,279  $ 714,138  $ (212,919) $ 3,432,127 
Net income 71,413  71,413 
Other comprehensive income 26,360  26,360 
Preferred stock dividends (1,573) (1,573)
Common stock dividends ($0.24 per share)
(29,007) (29,007)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards 103,781  104  985  583  1,672 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans 46,407  46  (1,001) 859  (96)
March 31, 2025 119,514,298  $ 88,266  $ 119,514  $ 12,983  $ 2,711,721  $ 754,971  $ (186,559) $ 3,500,896 
December 31, 2023 119,010,319  $ 88,266  $ 119,010  $ 13,110  $ 2,699,112  $ 581,219  $ (239,192) $ 3,261,525 
Net income 62,631  62,631 
Other comprehensive income 2,557  2,557 
Preferred stock dividends (1,573) (1,573)
Common stock dividends ($0.23 per share)
(27,665) (27,665)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards 80,147  80  76  2,956  3,112 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans 46,052  47  (1,263) 739  (477)
March 31, 2024 119,136,518  $ 88,266  $ 119,137  $ 11,923  $ 2,702,807  $ 614,612  $ (236,635) $ 3,300,110 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
8


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) 2025 2024
Operating activities:    
Net income $ 71,413  $ 62,631 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net 11,448  10,880 
Provision for credit losses 15,419  12,899 
Stock based compensation 2,321  2,403 
Deferred income tax expense 168  4,059 
Securities gains, net (6) — 
Net gains from sales of other loans (1,396) (1,537)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Other assets 19,878  (12,359)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (40,803) 14,965 
Loans held for sale 20,190  (5,132)
Net cash provided by operating activities 98,632  88,809 
Investing activities:
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
Proceeds from maturities and calls 30,757  27,051 
Debt securities available-for-sale:
Proceeds from sales 53,476  647 
Proceeds from maturities and calls 177,005  229,902 
Purchases (58,856) (302,962)
Net increase in loans (253,750) (67,629)
Payments for other investments (11,236) (4,353)
Proceeds from other investments 6,076  380 
Purchases of premises and equipment (4,313) (13,710)
Other investing inflows 4,262  8,161 
Net cash used in investing activities (56,579) (122,513)
Financing activities:
Net increase in deposits 301,392  21,024 
Net decrease in short-term borrowings (195,000) — 
Proceeds from FHLB advances 126,000  100 
Repayment of FHLB advances (126,000) (100)
Cash dividends on common stock (29,057) (27,733)
Cash dividends on preferred stock (1,573) (1,573)
Other financing inflows 705  1,211 
Other financing outflows (1,681) (1,167)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 74,786  (8,238)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 116,839  (41,942)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 519,873  1,003,875 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 636,712  $ 961,933 
Significant non-cash investing and financing transactions:
Commitments to fund other investments $ —  $ 10,693 
Unsettled securities purchases 15,000  — 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
9

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation
United’s accounting and financial reporting policies conform to GAAP and reporting guidelines of banking regulatory authorities. The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements have not been audited. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. A more detailed description of United’s accounting policies is included in its 2024 10-K.
 
In management’s opinion, all necessary accounting adjustments have been made to fairly present the financial position and results of operations in the accompanying financial statements. These adjustments are normal and recurring accruals considered necessary for a fair and accurate presentation. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or any other interim periods. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in United’s 2024 10-K.

Note 2 – Investment Securities

The amortized cost basis, unrealized gains and losses and fair value of HTM debt securities as of the dates indicated are as follows.
(in thousands) Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
As of March 31, 2025        
U.S. Treasuries $ 19,903  $ —  $ 1,395  $ 18,508 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 98,902  —  13,782  85,120 
State and political subdivisions 288,959  54,050  234,916 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 1,258,295  201,236  1,057,067 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 657,512  —  113,574  543,938 
Supranational entities 15,000  —  2,314  12,686 
Total $ 2,338,571  $ 15  $ 386,351  $ 1,952,235 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries $ 19,896  $ —  $ 1,734  $ 18,162 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 99,154  —  16,291  82,863 
State and political subdivisions 289,492  10  55,206  234,296 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 1,282,174  223,671  1,058,504 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 662,391  —  124,409  537,982 
Supranational entities 15,000  —  2,681  12,319 
Total $ 2,368,107  $ 11  $ 423,992  $ 1,944,126 

10

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The amortized cost basis, unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt securities as of the dates indicated are presented below.
(in thousands) Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
As of March 31, 2025        
U.S. Treasuries $ 413,600  $ 819  $ 6,858  $ 407,561 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 321,318  92  12,607  308,803 
State and political subdivisions 174,335  —  15,281  159,054 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 2,036,853  5,422  102,331  1,939,944 
Residential MBS, Non-agency 296,549  16,305  280,245 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 823,939  2,765  29,852  796,852 
Commercial MBS, Non-agency 8,171  —  214  7,957 
Corporate bonds 152,929  144  9,701  143,372 
Asset-backed securities 279,932  161  1,237  278,856 
Total $ 4,507,626  $ 9,404  $ 194,386  $ 4,322,644 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries $ 511,994  $ 874  $ 9,199  $ 503,669 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 334,147  100  13,980  320,267 
State and political subdivisions 175,041  —  16,809  158,232 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 2,070,433  1,431  125,833  1,946,031 
Residential MBS, Non-agency 302,318  —  18,390  283,928 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 844,302  851  35,243  809,910 
Commercial MBS, Non-agency 13,323  —  336  12,987 
Corporate bonds 164,069  130  11,579  152,620 
Asset-backed securities 248,673  501  527  248,647 
Total $ 4,664,300  $ 3,887  $ 231,896  $ 4,436,291 
 
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the carrying value of pledged securities totaled $3.04 billion and $3.20 billion, respectively. Securities were pledged primarily to secure public deposits.

The following table summarizes the fair values and gross unrealized losses of HTM debt securities as of the dates indicated based on the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
Length of Time in Unrealized Loss Position
  Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
(in thousands) Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
As of March 31, 2025            
U.S. Treasuries $ —  $ —  $ 18,508  $ 1,395  $ 18,508  $ 1,395 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs —  —  85,120  13,782  85,120  13,782 
State and political subdivisions 14,033  189  217,675  53,861  231,708  54,050 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 5,705  1,667  1,050,092  199,569  1,055,797  201,236 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs —  —  543,938  113,574  543,938  113,574 
Supranational entities —  —  12,686  2,314  12,686  2,314 
Total $ 19,738  $ 1,856  $ 1,928,019  $ 384,495  $ 1,947,757  $ 386,351 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries $ —  $ —  $ 18,162  $ 1,734  $ 18,162  $ 1,734 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs —  —  82,863  16,291  82,863  16,291 
State and political subdivisions 18,729  305  212,356  54,901  231,085  55,206 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 6,778  1,822  1,051,455  221,849  1,058,233  223,671 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs —  —  537,981  124,409  537,981  124,409 
Supranational entities —  —  12,319  2,681  12,319  2,681 
Total $ 25,507  $ 2,127  $ 1,915,136  $ 421,865  $ 1,940,643  $ 423,992 

11

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the fair values and gross unrealized losses of AFS debt securities as of the dates indicated based on the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
Length of Time in Unrealized Loss Position
  Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
(in thousands) Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
As of March 31, 2025            
U.S. Treasuries $ 25,561  $ 74  $ 107,698  $ 6,784  $ 133,259  $ 6,858 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 115,019  270  184,279  12,337  299,298  12,607 
State and political subdivisions —  —  157,804  15,281  157,804  15,281 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 307,939  1,742  887,896  100,589  1,195,835  102,331 
Residential MBS, Non-agency 2,293  77  277,496  16,228  279,789  16,305 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 83,093  330  353,351  29,522  436,444  29,852 
Commercial MBS, Non-agency —  —  7,957  214  7,957  214 
Corporate bonds —  —  141,402  9,701  141,402  9,701 
Asset-backed securities 132,869  646  48,015  591  180,884  1,237 
Total $ 666,774  $ 3,139  $ 2,165,898  $ 191,247  $ 2,832,672  $ 194,386 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries $ 75,183  $ 808  $ 106,036  $ 8,391  $ 181,219  $ 9,199 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 101,964  388  190,525  13,592  292,489  13,980 
State and political subdivisions —  —  157,479  16,809  157,479  16,809 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 773,257  7,593  896,691  118,240  1,669,948  125,833 
Residential MBS, Non-agency 2,788  98  281,140  18,292  283,928  18,390 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 226,363  1,733  355,852  33,510  582,215  35,243 
Commercial MBS, Non-agency —  —  12,987  336  12,987  336 
Corporate bonds —  —  150,666  11,579  150,666  11,579 
Asset-backed securities 46,870  98  64,271  429  111,141  527 
Total $ 1,226,425  $ 10,718  $ 2,215,647  $ 221,178  $ 3,442,072  $ 231,896 
 
At March 31, 2025, there were 536 AFS debt securities and 302 HTM debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position. United does not intend to sell nor does it believe it will be required to sell securities in an unrealized loss position prior to the recovery of their amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses at March 31, 2025 were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the majority of HTM securities were considered to have a zero loss assumption for ACL purposes. For the remaining HTM securities, primarily those issued by state and political subdivisions, calculated credit losses, and, thus, the related ACL were de minimis due to the high credit quality of the portfolio. As a result, no ACL was recorded on the HTM portfolio at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. In addition, based on the assessments performed at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was no ACL required related to the AFS portfolio.

The following table presents accrued interest receivable on HTM and AFS debt securities, which was excluded from the estimate of credit losses, for the periods indicated.
Accrued Interest Receivable
(in thousands) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
HTM $ 5,452  $ 5,763 
AFS 18,569  18,201 
12

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


The amortized cost and fair value of AFS and HTM debt securities at March 31, 2025, by contractual maturity, are presented in the following table.
  AFS HTM
(in thousands) Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value
Within 1 year:
U.S. Treasuries $ 173,590  $ 173,880  $ —  $ — 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 478  469  —  — 
State and political subdivisions 3,085  3,071  5,200  5,206 
Corporate bonds 4,308  4,249  —  — 
181,461  181,669  5,200  5,206 
1 to 5 years:
U.S. Treasuries 240,010  233,681  19,903  18,508 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 43,160  40,740  —  — 
State and political subdivisions 35,546  32,942  35,557  33,074 
Corporate bonds 115,771  109,502  —  — 
434,487  416,865  55,460  51,582 
5 to 10 years:
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 177,107  171,200  75,132  65,402 
State and political subdivisions 71,508  62,862  78,609  65,748 
Corporate bonds 32,027  28,671  —  — 
Supranational entities —  —  15,000  12,686 
280,642  262,733  168,741  143,836 
More than 10 years:
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 100,573  96,394  23,770  19,718 
State and political subdivisions 64,196  60,179  169,593  130,888 
Corporate bonds 823  950  —  — 
165,592  157,523  193,363  150,606 
Debt securities not due at a single maturity date:
Asset-backed securities 279,932  278,856  —  — 
Residential MBS 2,333,402  2,220,189  1,258,295  1,057,067 
Commercial MBS 832,110  804,809  657,512  543,938 
3,445,444  3,303,854  1,915,807  1,601,005 
Total $ 4,507,626  $ 4,322,644  $ 2,338,571  $ 1,952,235 

Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers and borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.

Realized gains and losses are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. The following table summarizes AFS securities sales activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

  Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in thousands) 2025 2024
Proceeds from sales $ 53,476  $ 647 
Gross realized gains $ $ — 
Gross realized losses —  — 
Securities gains, net $ $ — 
Income tax expense attributable to sales $ $ — 

13

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Equity Investments
The table below reflects the carrying value of certain equity investments, which are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet, as of the dates indicated.

(in thousands)
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
FHLB stock
$ 18,001  $ 18,051 
Federal Reserve stock
88,008  88,008 
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values 2,268  2,341 

Note 3 – Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
 
Major classifications of the loan and lease portfolio (collectively referred to as the “loan portfolio” or “loans”) are summarized as of the dates indicated as follows. At March 31, 2025, remaining manufactured housing loans of $1.48 million are included in the consumer classification as manufactured housing is no longer a significant component of loans following the sale of substantially all of that portfolio in 2024.

(in thousands) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Owner occupied CRE $ 3,418,827  $ 3,398,217 
Income producing CRE 4,416,058  4,360,920 
Commercial & industrial 2,506,405  2,428,376 
Commercial construction 1,681,389  1,655,710 
Equipment financing 1,722,445  1,662,501 
Total commercial 13,745,124  13,505,724 
Residential mortgage 3,217,742  3,231,479 
Home equity 1,099,369  1,064,874 
Residential construction 171,073  178,405 
Manufactured housing —  1,723 
Consumer 182,535  186,448 
Total loans excluding fair value hedge basis adjustment 18,415,843  18,168,653 
Fair value hedge basis adjustment 9,522  7,327 
     Total loans 18,425,365  18,175,980 
Less ACL - loans (211,974) (206,998)
Loans, net $ 18,213,391  $ 17,968,982 

Accrued interest receivable related to loans totaled $58.8 million and $60.1 million on March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and was reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the loan portfolio included certain loans specifically pledged to the Federal Reserve as well as loans covered by a blanket lien on qualifying loan types with the FHLB to secure contingent funding sources.

The following table presents the amortized cost of certain loans held for investment that were sold in the periods indicated. The net gain on these loan sales were included in noninterest income on the consolidated statements of income.

Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) 2025 2024
Guaranteed portion of SBA/USDA loans $ 21,949  $ 9,388 
Equipment financing receivables 4,162  28,323 
Total $ 26,111  $ 37,711 
  
14

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans
The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in loans by aging category and accrual status as of the dates indicated. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due.
  Accruing
Current Loans Loans Past Due
(in thousands) 30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days > 90 Days Nonaccrual Loans Total Loans
As of March 31, 2025
Owner occupied CRE $ 3,403,978  $ 5,455  $ 445  $ —  $ 8,949  $ 3,418,827 
Income producing CRE 4,395,192  3,969  361  —  16,536  4,416,058 
Commercial & industrial 2,479,071  3,861  1,077  —  22,396  2,506,405 
Commercial construction 1,675,181  650  —  —  5,558  1,681,389 
Equipment financing 1,701,694  8,302  3,631  —  8,818  1,722,445 
Total commercial 13,655,116  22,237  5,514  —  62,257  13,745,124 
Residential mortgage 3,189,139  5,501  346  —  22,756  3,217,742 
Home equity 1,091,576  3,465  237  —  4,091  1,099,369 
Residential construction 169,247  279  736  —  811  171,073 
Consumer 180,622  373  117  —  1,423  182,535 
Total loans $ 18,285,700  $ 31,855  $ 6,950  $ —  $ 91,338  $ 18,415,843 
As of December 31, 2024
Owner occupied CRE
$ 3,381,622  $ 4,402  $ 519  $ —  $ 11,674  $ 3,398,217 
Income producing CRE
4,333,651  1,705  207  —  25,357  4,360,920 
Commercial & industrial 2,395,889  2,665  483  —  29,339  2,428,376 
Commercial construction 1,646,175  1,693  442  —  7,400  1,655,710 
Equipment financing 1,644,721  5,939  2,916  —  8,925  1,662,501 
Total commercial 13,402,058  16,404  4,567  —  82,695  13,505,724 
Residential mortgage 3,199,956  4,808  2,100  —  24,615  3,231,479 
Home equity 1,059,010  986  248  —  4,630  1,064,874 
Residential construction 177,371  133  844  —  57  178,405 
Manufactured housing 155  124  —  —  1,444  1,723 
Consumer 185,545  636  129  —  138  186,448 
Total loans $ 18,024,095  $ 23,091  $ 7,888  $ —  $ 113,579  $ 18,168,653 

The following table presents nonaccrual loans held for investment by loan class for the periods indicated. 
Nonaccrual Loans
  March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(in thousands) With no allowance With an allowance Total With no allowance With an allowance Total
Owner occupied CRE
$ 4,717  $ 4,232  $ 8,949  $ 9,926  $ 1,748  $ 11,674 
Income producing CRE
8,299  8,237  16,536  24,970  387  25,357 
Commercial & industrial 16,199  6,197  22,396  21,570  7,769  29,339 
Commercial construction 5,233  325  5,558  6,817  583  7,400 
Equipment financing 49  8,769  8,818  33  8,892  8,925 
Total commercial 34,497  27,760  62,257  63,316  19,379  82,695 
Residential mortgage 3,245  19,511  22,756  6,540  18,075  24,615 
Home equity 660  3,431  4,091  231  4,399  4,630 
Residential construction 726  85  811  —  57  57 
Manufactured housing —  —  —  —  1,444  1,444 
Consumer 52  1,371  1,423  36  102  138 
Total $ 39,180  $ 52,158  $ 91,338  $ 70,123  $ 43,456  $ 113,579 

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, United had $52.0 million and $75.1 million, respectively, in loans for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Estimated credit losses for these loans are based on the net realizable value of the collateral relative to the amortized cost of the loan. The majority of these loans are income producing CRE and commercial and industrial loans.
15

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Lease Receivables
The equipment financing portfolio includes sales-type and direct financing lease receivables. The components of the net investment in these lease receivables as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are provided in the table below.
(in thousands) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Minimum future lease payments receivable $ 100,512  $ 97,793 
Estimated residual value of leased equipment 6,072  5,749 
Initial direct costs 1,897  1,856 
Security deposits (512) (491)
Unearned income (15,716) (15,412)
Net investment in leases $ 92,253  $ 89,495 

Minimum future lease payments expected to be received from equipment financing lease contracts as of March 31, 2025 were as follows: 
(in thousands)
Year  
Remainder of 2025 $ 26,565 
2026 30,108 
2027 23,392 
2028 14,174 
2029 5,705 
Thereafter 568 
Total $ 100,512 

Credit Quality Indicators
United utilizes internal risk ratings as the primary credit quality indicator as outlined below:

Commercial Purpose Loans. United analyzes commercial loans individually on an ongoing basis based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, public information, and current industry and economic trends, among other factors. Commercial loans are categorized by the credit risk ratings of Pass, Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful. Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful ratings are defined by regulatory authorities and represent an elevated level of risk due to weaknesses identified related to the credit and/or borrower. Ratings within these categories are based on the severity of the weakness and the likelihood of repayment. Pass loans are considered to have a low probability of default and do not meet the criteria of the other ratings.

Consumer Purpose Loans. United applies a pass/fail grading system to all consumer purpose loans. Under this system, loans that are on nonaccrual status, become past due 90 days, or are in bankruptcy and 30 or more days past due are classified as “fail” and all other loans are classified as “pass”. For reporting purposes, loans in these categories that are classified as “fail” are reported as substandard and all other loans are reported as pass.

16

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables present the risk category of term loans and gross charge-offs by vintage year, which is the year of origination or most recent renewal, as of the date indicated.
(in thousands) Term Loans by Origination Year Revolvers Revolvers converted to term loans Total
As of March 31, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior
Owner occupied CRE
Pass $ 150,775  $ 448,528  $ 524,760  $ 614,652  $ 514,570  $ 890,850  $ 112,206  $ 21,672  $ 3,278,013 
Special Mention —  1,066  14,228  12,784  13,944  12,789  4,537  383  59,731 
Substandard 751  3,216  5,326  37,303  10,464  24,023  —  —  81,083 
Total owner occupied CRE $ 151,526  $ 452,810  $ 544,314  $ 664,739  $ 538,978  $ 927,662  $ 116,743  $ 22,055  $ 3,418,827 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 271  $ —  $ —  $ 271 
Income producing CRE
Pass $ 200,163  $ 463,350  $ 490,293  $ 961,242  $ 897,443  $ 1,093,458  $ 48,023  $ 14,122  $ 4,168,094 
Special Mention 8,211  9,167  3,091  22,055  2,635  13,826  —  —  58,985 
Substandard 19,892  38,657  36,616  15,565  3,539  74,661  49  —  188,979 
Total income producing CRE $ 228,266  $ 511,174  $ 530,000  $ 998,862  $ 903,617  $ 1,181,945  $ 48,072  $ 14,122  $ 4,416,058 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,020  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,020 
Commercial & industrial
Pass $ 148,754  $ 452,321  $ 412,622  $ 233,471  $ 195,458  $ 293,949  $ 612,484  $ 13,708  $ 2,362,767 
Special Mention 57  7,193  12,319  18,625  1,811  4,099  17,523  1,569  63,196 
Substandard 1,463  3,712  20,857  6,210  11,937  9,954  19,499  6,810  80,442 
Total commercial & industrial $ 150,274  $ 463,226  $ 445,798  $ 258,306  $ 209,206  $ 308,002  $ 649,506  $ 22,087  $ 2,506,405 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 48  $ 2,601  $ 458  $ —  $ 39  $ —  $ 216  $ 3,362 
Commercial construction
Pass $ 115,516  $ 415,715  $ 336,528  $ 481,619  $ 150,147  $ 54,809  $ 43,030  $ 3,320  $ 1,600,684 
Special Mention 1,026  4,926  462  15,043  5,253  187  6,330  110  33,337 
Substandard —  1,898  2,791  30,155  5,780  6,744  —  —  47,368 
Total commercial construction $ 116,542  $ 422,539  $ 339,781  $ 526,817  $ 161,180  $ 61,740  $ 49,360  $ 3,430  $ 1,681,389 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Equipment financing
Pass $ 230,884  $ 631,599  $ 414,829  $ 291,545  $ 102,181  $ 37,752  $ —  $ —  $ 1,708,790 
Special Mention —  —  —  605  1,853  1,078  —  —  3,536 
Substandard 14  880  2,861  3,945  1,614  805  —  —  10,119 
Total equipment financing $ 230,898  $ 632,479  $ 417,690  $ 296,095  $ 105,648  $ 39,635  $ —  $ —  $ 1,722,445 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 420  $ 1,987  $ 2,359  $ 890  $ 281  $ —  $ —  $ 5,937 
Residential mortgage
Pass $ 34,286  $ 119,726  $ 327,970  $ 1,002,271  $ 969,663  $ 732,535  $ —  $ 2,961  $ 3,189,412 
Substandard —  1,981  3,671  7,761  3,053  11,717  —  147  28,330 
Total residential mortgage $ 34,286  $ 121,707  $ 331,641  $ 1,010,032  $ 972,716  $ 744,252  $ —  $ 3,108  $ 3,217,742 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 49  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 49 
Home equity
Pass $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,064,489  $ 30,024  $ 1,094,513 
Substandard —  —  —  —  —  —  73  4,783  4,856 
Total home equity $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,064,562  $ 34,807  $ 1,099,369 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Residential construction
Pass $ 13,373  $ 89,598  $ 35,617  $ 16,500  $ 6,617  $ 8,386  $ —  $ 89  $ 170,180 
Substandard —  —  668  103  10  112  —  —  893 
Total residential construction $ 13,373  $ 89,598  $ 36,285  $ 16,603  $ 6,627  $ 8,498  $ —  $ 89  $ 171,073 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ 102  $ 124  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 226 
Consumer
Pass $ 28,271  $ 67,519  $ 37,399  $ 17,131  $ 5,587  $ 7,638  $ 17,417  $ 110  $ 181,072 
Substandard —  324  524  189  118  308  —  —  1,463 
Total consumer $ 28,271  $ 67,843  $ 37,923  $ 17,320  $ 5,705  $ 7,946  $ 17,417  $ 110  $ 182,535 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 1,211  $ 92  $ 90  $ 59  $ 33  $ $ —  $ 22  $ 1,514 

17

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(in thousands) Term Loans Revolvers Revolvers converted to term loans Total
As of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior
Owner occupied CRE
Pass $ 455,248  $ 540,913  $ 621,020  $ 555,846  $ 507,121  $ 425,932  $ 120,574  $ 21,867  $ 3,248,521 
Special Mention 1,093  13,414  13,653  14,735  6,520  6,496  4,995  393  61,299 
Substandard 3,285  5,365  37,791  9,647  8,519  22,319  1,471  —  88,397 
Total owner occupied CRE $ 459,626  $ 559,692  $ 672,464  $ 580,228  $ 522,160  $ 454,747  $ 127,040  $ 22,260  $ 3,398,217 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ 221  $ —  $ —  $ 707  $ —  $ —  $ 928 
Income producing CRE
Pass $ 468,247  $ 477,887  $ 977,090  $ 896,096  $ 614,584  $ 606,395  $ 50,955  $ 15,025  $ 4,106,279 
Special Mention 16,852  2,145  21,007  2,724  3,538  10,465  50  —  56,781 
Substandard 59,437  36,259  16,758  3,411  39,085  42,910  —  —  197,860 
Total income producing CRE $ 544,536  $ 516,291  $ 1,014,855  $ 902,231  $ 657,207  $ 659,770  $ 51,005  $ 15,025  $ 4,360,920 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 3,128  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,691  $ —  $ —  $ 4,819 
Commercial & industrial
Pass $ 464,843  $ 440,557  $ 270,459  $ 198,320  $ 125,964  $ 180,262  $ 583,147  $ 8,480  $ 2,272,032 
Special Mention 8,630  12,438  18,832  2,794  1,238  3,794  24,286  1,806  73,818 
Substandard 2,428  22,877  9,773  12,133  3,986  7,081  16,078  8,170  82,526 
Total commercial & industrial $ 475,901  $ 475,872  $ 299,064  $ 213,247  $ 131,188  $ 191,137  $ 623,511  $ 18,456  $ 2,428,376 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 842  $ 2,908  $ 6,826  $ 1,994  $ 2,282  $ 1,236  $ —  $ 3,270  $ 19,358 
Commercial construction
Pass $ 448,497  $ 348,179  $ 495,712  $ 153,303  $ 40,254  $ 40,004  $ 46,863  $ 1,196  $ 1,574,008 
Special Mention 5,005  462  44,152  5,253  —  100  6,040  —  61,012 
Substandard 1,900  3,956  1,491  6,549  6,621  173  —  —  20,690 
Total commercial construction $ 455,402  $ 352,597  $ 541,355  $ 165,105  $ 46,875  $ 40,277  $ 52,903  $ 1,196  $ 1,655,710 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 69  $ 53  $ —  $ —  $ 23  $ —  $ —  $ 145 
Equipment financing
Pass $ 693,205  $ 454,501  $ 328,490  $ 122,920  $ 33,870  $ 15,788  $ —  $ —  $ 1,648,774 
Special Mention —  —  659  1,989  708  496  —  —  3,852 
Substandard 653  2,784  3,453  1,828  527  630  —  —  9,875 
Total equipment financing $ 693,858  $ 457,285  $ 332,602  $ 126,737  $ 35,105  $ 16,914  $ —  $ —  $ 1,662,501 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 261  $ 5,489  $ 13,359  $ 6,418  $ 1,033  $ 309  $ —  $ —  $ 26,869 
Residential mortgage
Pass $ 121,145  $ 321,804  $ 1,015,693  $ 989,673  $ 402,894  $ 347,249  $ —  $ 2,971  $ 3,201,429 
Substandard 2,291  3,841  8,922  2,410  1,748  10,618  —  220  30,050 
Total residential mortgage $ 123,436  $ 325,645  $ 1,024,615  $ 992,083  $ 404,642  $ 357,867  $ —  $ 3,191  $ 3,231,479 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 87  $ 124  $ 71  $ $ —  $ 10  $ —  $ —  $ 295 
Home equity
Pass $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,028,340  $ 31,291  $ 1,059,631 
Substandard —  —  —  —  —  —  —  5,243  5,243 
Total home equity $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,028,340  $ 36,534  $ 1,064,874 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 95  $ 95 
Residential construction
Pass $ 74,854  $ 55,164  $ 30,216  $ 8,539  $ 4,528  $ 4,872  $ —  $ 90  $ 178,263 
Substandard —  —  49  —  90  —  —  142 
Total residential construction $ 74,854  $ 55,164  $ 30,265  $ 8,539  $ 4,531  $ 4,962  $ —  $ 90  $ 178,405 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 221  $ 73  $ 48  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 342 
Manufactured housing
Pass $ 124  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 150  $ —  $ —  $ 274 
Substandard 285  506  178  112  169  199  —  —  1,449 
Total manufactured housing $ 409  $ 506  $ 178  $ 112  $ 169  $ 349  $ —  $ —  $ 1,723 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 1,679  $ 3,570  $ 2,518  $ 2,518  $ 4,304  $ —  $ —  $ 14,589 
Consumer
Pass $ 84,100  $ 43,889  $ 20,332  $ 7,103  $ 7,625  $ 563  $ 22,508  $ 100  $ 186,220 
Substandard 118  42  36  30  —  —  228 
Total consumer $ 84,101  $ 44,007  $ 20,374  $ 7,139  $ 7,655  $ 564  $ 22,508  $ 100  $ 186,448 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 3,082  $ 281  $ 162  $ 34  $ 11  $ $ —  $ 152  $ 3,730 

18

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The period-end amortized cost and additional information regarding loans modified under the terms of a FDM during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are presented in the following tables.

Three Months Ended March 31,
2025 2024
New FDMs Defaults within 12 months of modification New FDMs Defaults within 12 months of modification
(dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost % of Total Class of Receivable Amortized Cost % of Total Class of Receivable
Owner occupied CRE $ 1,472  —  % $ —  $ 1,950  0.1  % $ — 
Income producing CRE —  —  —  28,540  0.7  — 
Commercial & industrial 694  —  —  6,575  0.3  — 
Equipment financing 4,917  0.3  1,393  0.1  228 
Residential mortgage 1,680  0.1  267  1,228  —  — 
Home equity 72  —  —  —  —  — 
Residential construction —  —  —  100  —  — 
Manufactured housing —  —  —  128  —  — 
Consumer —  —  —  125  0.1  — 
Total loans $ 8,835  —  $ 274  $ 40,039  0.2  $ 228 

The following table presents the aging category and accrual status of loans modified under the terms of a FDM during the previous 12 months on an amortized cost basis as of March 31, 2025.

Accruing
Loans Past Due
(in thousands)
Current
30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days > 90 Days
Nonaccrual
Total
Owner occupied CRE $ 2,601  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 268  $ 2,869 
Income producing CRE 12,239  —  —  —  8,154  20,393 
Commercial & industrial 3,548  366  —  —  828  4,742 
Equipment financing 9,167  517  228  —  789  10,701 
Residential mortgage 2,948  —  —  —  1,922  4,870 
Home equity —  —  —  —  72  72 
Consumer 95  —  —  —  81  176 
Total $ 30,598  $ 883  $ 228  $ —  $ 12,114  $ 43,823 
19

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents the amortized cost by type of FDM and the applicable weighted-average impact of the modifications for the periods indicated.
New FDMs
Three Months Ended March 31,
2025 2024
(dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Weighted Average
Modification
Amortized Cost Weighted Average
Modification
Extension
Owner occupied CRE $ —  $ 243  1 year
Commercial & industrial —  6,117  7 months
Residential mortgage —  27  1 year
Consumer —  125  5 months
Total —  6,512 
Payment Delay
Owner occupied CRE (1)
1,472  6 months 266  N/A
Income producing CRE (2)
—  28,540  1 year
Commercial & industrial (1)
—  179  6 months
Residential construction —  100  6 months
Total 1,472  29,085 
Rate Reduction
Residential mortgage 166 
400 basis points
— 
Home equity 72 
400 basis points
— 
Total 238  — 
Principal Forgiveness
Commercial and industrial 694  $355 — 
Payment Delay and Extension
Commercial & industrial —  279 
Payment delay: 4 months;
Extension: 3 years
Equipment financing 4,917 
Extension and payment delay: 8 months
1,393 
Extension and payment delay: 7 months
Total 4,917  1,672 
Rate Reduction and Extension
Residential mortgage 1,514 
Rate reduction: 241 basis points; Extension: 6.5 years
1,201 
Rate reduction: 444 basis points; Extension: 2 years
Manufactured housing —  128 
Rate reduction: 624 basis points; Extension: 6 years
Total 1,514  1,329 
Rate Reduction and Payment Delay
Owner occupied CRE —  1,441 
Rate reduction: 75 basis points;
Payment delay: 6 months
Total $ 8,835  $ 40,039 
(1) Payment delay FDMs in bankruptcy are excluded from the weighted average payment delay calculation.
(2) Payment delays in this category reflect principal payment delays, while interest payments continue in accordance with loan terms.


20

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Allowance for Credit Losses
The ACL for loans represents management’s estimate of life of loan credit losses in the portfolio as of the end of the period. The ACL related to unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.

For all periods presented, United used a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. Expected credit losses were estimated using a regression model for each segment based on historical data from peer banks combined with a baseline economic forecast to predict the change in credit losses. These estimates were then combined with a starting value that was based on United’s recent charge-off experience to produce an expected default rate, with the results subject to a floor.

At March 31, 2025, the baseline economic forecast had worsened slightly relative to the forecast at December 31, 2024 due to uncertainty related to the federal administration’s policies. At March 31, 2025, United applied qualitative adjustments to decrease the model’s calculated ACL for the residential mortgage, commercial and industrial and commercial construction portfolios to better reflect management’s expectations of future performance as indicated by internal credit performance measures. In addition, at March 31, 2025, United’s qualitative adjustment to estimate losses for loans to borrowers affected by Hurricane Helene added $7.17 million to the ACL balance, compared to $9.80 million at December 31, 2024.

For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year, United reverted to historical credit loss information on a straight line basis over two years. For most collateral types, United reverted to through-the-cycle average default rates using peer data from 2000 to 2017. For loans secured by residential mortgages, the peer data was adjusted for changes in lending practices designed to mitigate the magnitude of losses observed during the 2008 mortgage crisis.

The following table presents the balance and activity in the ACL by portfolio segment for the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(in thousands)
Beginning Balance Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance
Owner occupied CRE $ 19,873  $ (271) $ 145  $ 1,758  $ 21,505 
Income producing CRE 41,427  (1,020) 302  5,108  45,817 
Commercial & industrial 35,441  (3,362) 915  4,710  37,704 
Commercial construction 16,370  —  138  217  16,725 
Equipment financing 47,415  (5,937) 895  5,227  47,600 
Residential mortgage 32,259  (49) 50  (2,581) 29,679 
Home equity 11,247  —  62  (1,012) 10,297 
Residential construction 1,672  (226) 169  1,622 
Manufactured housing (1)
450  —  —  (450) — 
Consumer 844  (1,514) 258  1,437  1,025 
ACL - loans 206,998  (12,379) 2,772  14,583  211,974 
ACL - unfunded commitments 10,391  —  —  836  11,227 
Total ACL $ 217,389  $ (12,379) $ 2,772  $ 15,419  $ 223,201 
(1) The release of ACL presented for manufactured housing loans represents a reclassification of the reserve to the consumer line where these loan balances are reflected as of March 31, 2025.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Beginning
Balance
Charge-
Offs
Recoveries (Release)
Provision
Ending
Balance
Owner occupied CRE $ 23,542  $ (428) $ 226  $ (3,682) $ 19,658 
Income producing CRE 47,755  (229) 24  (752) 46,798 
Commercial & industrial 30,890  (4,786) 880  4,874  31,858 
Commercial construction 21,741  (53) 33  (1,698) 20,023 
Equipment financing 33,383  (7,289) 927  12,961  39,982 
Residential mortgage 28,219  (16) 32  401  28,636 
Home equity 9,647  (7) 61  14  9,715 
Residential construction 1,833  (133) 14  (185) 1,529 
Manufactured housing 10,339  (1,607) 38  3,274  12,044 
Consumer 722  (861) 266  564  691 
ACL - loans 208,071  (15,409) 2,501  15,771  210,934 
ACL - unfunded commitments 16,057  —  —  (2,872) 13,185 
Total ACL $ 224,128  $ (15,409) $ 2,501  $ 12,899  $ 224,119 
21

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Note 4 – Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The table below presents the fair value of derivative financial instruments, which are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet, as of the dates indicated:
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Notional Amount
Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value
(in thousands) Derivative Asset Derivative Liability Derivative Asset Derivative Liability
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedge of subordinated debt $ 100,000  $ 9,410  $ —  $ 100,000  $ 11,196  $ — 
Cash flow hedges of trust preferred securities 20,000  —  —  20,000  —  — 
Fair value hedges of AFS debt securities 812,166  —  —  821,507  —  — 
Fair value hedges of loans 1,650,000  —  —  1,650,000  —  — 
Total 2,582,166  9,410  —  2,591,507  11,196  — 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Customer derivative positions 1,285,967  5,620  49,597  1,225,732  1,740  63,703 
Dealer offsets to customer derivative positions 1,285,942  15,547  5,678  1,225,732  21,897  1,811 
Risk participations 122,345  —  139  81,147  —  12 
Mortgage banking - loan commitments 86,487  2,059  —  52,444  822  — 
Mortgage banking - forward sales commitment 89,281  144  77,401  394  34 
Bifurcated embedded derivatives 51,935  9,260  —  51,935  10,834  — 
Dealer offsets to bifurcated embedded derivatives 51,935  —  10,686  51,935  —  12,274 
Total 2,973,892  32,491  66,244  2,766,326  35,687  77,834 
Total derivatives $ 5,556,058  $ 41,901  $ 66,244  $ 5,357,833  $ 46,883  $ 77,834 
Total gross derivative instruments $ 41,901  $ 66,244  $ 46,883  $ 77,834 
Less: Amounts subject to master netting agreements (5,476) (5,476) (1,900) (1,900)
Less: Cash collateral received/pledged (21,645) (10,929) (33,005) (12,230)
Net amount $ 14,780  $ 49,839  $ 11,978  $ 63,704 

United clears certain derivatives centrally through the CME. CME rules legally characterize variation margin payments for centrally cleared derivatives as settlements of the derivatives’ exposure rather than as collateral. As a result, the variation margin payment and the related derivative instruments are considered a single unit of account for accounting purposes. Variation margin, as determined by the CME, is settled daily. As a result, derivative contracts that clear through the CME have an estimated fair value of zero.

Hedging Derivatives

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk 
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, United utilized interest rate caps and swaps to hedge the variability of cash flows due to changes in interest rates on certain of its variable-rate subordinated debt and trust preferred securities. Gains and losses related to changes in fair value are reclassified into earnings in the periods the hedged forecasted transactions occur. Over the next twelve months, United expects to reclassify $3.97 million of gains from AOCI into earnings related to these agreements.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk 
United uses interest rate derivatives to manage its exposure to changes in fair value attributable to changes in interest rates on certain of its fixed-rate financial instruments.

22

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The table below presents the effect of derivatives in hedging relationships, all of which are interest rate contracts, on net interest income for the periods indicated.
Affected Income Statement Line Item Increase/(Decrease) to Earnings Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) 2025 2024
Fair value hedges:
AFS securities:
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives $ 1,341  2,856 
(Loss) gain recognized on derivative
(8,304) 9,462 
Gain (loss) recognized on hedged items 8,407  (9,798)
Net income recognized on AFS securities fair value hedges Interest revenue- investment securities $ 1,444  $ 2,520 
Loans:
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives $ (560) $ 1,298 
(Loss) gain recognized on derivatives
(2,008) 2,158 
Gain (loss) recognized on hedged items
2,195  (2,295)
Net (loss) income recognized on loan fair value hedges
Interest revenue - loans, including fees $ (373) $ 1,161 
Cash flow hedges:
Long-term debt (1)
Interest expense- long term debt $ 1,121  $ 1,440 
 (1) Includes premium amortization expense excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness of $116,000 and $118,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The table below presents the carrying amount of hedged items and cumulative fair value hedging basis adjustments for the periods presented. All fair value hedges of AFS debt securities and loans at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were designated under the portfolio layer method.

(in thousands) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Balance Sheet Location
Carrying Amount
Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment
Hedged Portfolio Layer
Carrying Amount
Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment Hedged Portfolio Layer
Debt securities AFS (1)
$ 994,491  $ (1,344) $ 812,166  $ 1,002,511  $ (9,752) $ 821,507 
Loans and leases held for investment 4,549,948  9,522  1,650,000  4,628,030  7,327  1,650,000 
(1) Carrying amount for AFS debt securities reflects amortized cost, which excludes the hedge accounting basis adjustment.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments 
Customer derivative positions include swaps, caps, and collars between United and certain commercial loan customers with offsetting positions to dealers under a back-to-back program. In addition, United occasionally enters into credit risk participation agreements with counterparty banks to accept or transfer a portion of the credit risk related to interest rate swaps.

United also has three interest rate swap contracts that are economic hedges of market-linked brokered certificates of deposit, which contain embedded derivatives that are bifurcated from the host instruments. The fair value marks on the swaps and the bifurcated embedded derivatives tend to move in opposite directions and therefore provide an economic hedge.
  
In addition, in connection with residential mortgage loans that are originated with the intention of selling them, United enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans and forward loan sales commitments.

23

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The table below presents the gains and losses recognized in income on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the periods indicated.
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) 2025 2024
Customer derivatives and dealer offsets Other noninterest income $ 944  $ (245)
Bifurcated embedded derivatives and dealer offsets Other noninterest income (192)
Mortgage banking derivatives Mortgage loan gains and other related fees 410  901 
Risk participations Other noninterest income 194 
    $ 1,554  $ 466 
 
Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features 
United manages its credit exposure on derivatives transactions by entering into a bilateral credit support agreement with each non-customer counterparty. The credit support agreements require collateralization of exposures beyond specified minimum threshold amounts. The details of these agreements, including the minimum thresholds, vary by counterparty.
 
United’s agreements with each of its derivative counterparties provide that if either party defaults on any of its indebtedness, then it could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The agreements with derivative counterparties also include provisions that if not met, could result in United being declared in default. United has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that provide that if United fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution or is subject to a prompt corrective action directive, the counterparty could terminate the derivative positions and United would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements. Derivatives that are centrally cleared do not have credit-risk-related features that would require additional collateral if United’s credit rating were downgraded.

Note 5 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market available to the entity in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Fair values are categorized within a three-level measurement hierarchy:
Level 1 Valuation is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that United has the ability to access.
Level 2 Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
Level 3 Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption based on unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

United has processes in place to review the significant valuation inputs and to assesses on a quarterly basis how instruments are classified within the valuation framework. Transfers into or out of fair value hierarchy levels are made as the observability of input assumptions change. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were no changes to valuation approaches or techniques that warranted a hierarchy level change.

24

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The table below presents United’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall.
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:        
AFS debt securities:        
U.S. Treasuries $ 407,561  $ —  $ —  $ 407,561 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs —  308,803  —  308,803 
State and political subdivisions —  159,054  —  159,054 
Residential MBS —  2,220,189  —  2,220,189 
Commercial MBS —  804,809  —  804,809 
Corporate bonds —  141,142  2,230  143,372 
Asset-backed securities —  278,856  —  278,856 
Equity securities —  2,268  —  2,268 
Mortgage loans held for sale —  37,344  —  37,344 
Mutual funds 14,074  —  —  14,074 
Servicing rights for SBA/USDA loans —  —  4,920  4,920 
Residential mortgage servicing rights —  —  39,660  39,660 
Contingent consideration receivable —  —  7,390  7,390 
Derivative financial instruments —  30,582  11,319  41,901 
Total assets $ 421,635  $ 3,983,047  $ 65,519  $ 4,470,201 
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liability $ 14,078  $ —  $ —  $ 14,078 
Derivative financial instruments —  55,419  10,825  66,244 
Total liabilities $ 14,078  $ 55,419  $ 10,825  $ 80,322 

(in thousands)
December 31, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:        
AFS debt securities:        
U.S. Treasuries $ 503,669  $ —  $ —  $ 503,669 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs —  320,267  —  320,267 
State and political subdivisions —  158,232  —  158,232 
Residential MBS —  2,229,959  —  2,229,959 
Commercial MBS —  822,897  —  822,897 
Corporate bonds —  150,394  2,226  152,620 
Asset-backed securities —  248,647  —  248,647 
Equity securities —  2,341  —  2,341 
Mortgage loans held for sale —  57,534  —  57,534 
Mutual funds 15,335  —  —  15,335 
Servicing rights for SBA/USDA loans —  —  4,697  4,697 
Residential mortgage servicing rights —  —  39,294  39,294 
Contingent consideration receivable —  —  7,470  7,470 
Derivative financial instruments —  35,227  11,656  46,883 
Total assets $ 519,004  $ 4,025,498  $ 65,343  $ 4,609,845 
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liability $ 15,331  $ —  $ —  $ 15,331 
Derivative financial instruments —  65,548  12,286  77,834 
Total liabilities $ 15,331  $ 65,548  $ 12,286  $ 93,165 
 
25

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs related to United’s material categories of Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated.
Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Range Weighted Average Range Weighted Average
Residential mortgage servicing rights Discounted cash flow Discount rate
10.0 - 12.5
10.1 
10.0 - 14.0
10.1 
Prepayment rate
6.5 - 25.9
7.5 
6.5 - 77.6
7.6 
Derivative assets - mortgage Internal model Pull through rate
50.0 - 100
90.3 
70.4 - 100
91.6 
Derivative assets and liabilities - other Dealer priced Dealer priced N/A N/A N/A N/A
Contingent consideration receivable Discounted cash flow Discount rate
0.0 - 7.1
6.4 
0.0 - 7.1
6.4 
Probability of achievement
89.3 - 100
92.6 
89.3 - 100
92.6 

The table below presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated.
2025 2024
(in thousands) Derivative
Assets
Derivative
Liabilities
SBA/USDA Loan Servicing Rights
Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights
Corporate Bonds
Contingent Consideration Receivable
Derivative
Assets
Derivative
Liabilities
SBA/USDA Loan Servicing Rights
Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights
Corporate Bonds
Three Months Ended March 31,
Beginning balance $ 11,656  $ 12,286  $ 4,697  $ 39,294  $ 2,226  $ 7,470  $ 10,642  $ 11,172  $ 5,444  $ 35,897  $ 2,205 
Additions 1,842  321  442  1,052  —  —  1,466  —  170  718  — 
Transfers from Level 2 —  —  —  —  —  —  484  925  —  —  — 
Sales and settlements (605) —  (137) (608) —  (80) (923) —  (241) (760) — 
Fair value adjustments included in OCI —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (45)
Fair value adjustments included in earnings (1,574) (1,782) (82) (78) —  —  1,142  1,088  134  1,503  — 
Ending balance $ 11,319  $ 10,825  $ 4,920  $ 39,660  $ 2,230  $ 7,390  $ 12,811  $ 13,185  $ 5,507  $ 37,358  $ 2,160 

26

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Fair Value Option
United generally records mortgage loans held for sale at fair value under the fair value option. Interest income on these loans is calculated based on the note rate of the loan and is recorded in interest revenue. The following tables present the fair value and outstanding principal balance of loans accounted for under the fair value option, as well as the gain or loss recognized from the change in fair value for the periods indicated.
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
(in thousands) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Outstanding principal balance $ 36,086  $ 56,097 
Fair value 37,344  57,534 

Gain (Loss) from Change in Fair Value on Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
Location Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in thousands) 2025 2024
 Mortgage loan gains and other related fees $ (179) $ (31)

Changes in fair value were mostly offset by hedging activities. An immaterial portion of these amounts was attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
United may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of the lower of the amortized cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets due to impairment. The following table presents the fair value hierarchy and carrying value of assets that were still held as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recorded during the year-to-date periods presented.
(in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
March 31, 2025        
Loans held for investment $ —  $ —  $ 12,879  $ 12,879 
December 31, 2024
Loans held for investment $ —  $ —  $ 27,313  $ 27,313 

Loans held for investment that are reported above are generally impaired loans that have either been partially charged off or have specific reserves assigned to them.

Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value  
The following disclosure provides estimated fair values for financial instruments not carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect the premium or discount on any particular financial instrument that could result from the sale of United’s entire holdings. All estimates are inherently subjective in nature. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
27

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

  Fair Value Level
(in thousands) Carrying Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
March 31, 2025          
Assets:          
HTM debt securities $ 2,338,571  $ 18,508  $ 1,933,727  $ —  $ 1,952,235 
Loans and leases, net 18,213,391  —  —  17,535,171  17,535,171 
Liabilities:
Deposits 23,762,405  —  23,758,945  —  23,758,945 
Long-term debt 254,287  —  —  249,949  249,949 
December 31, 2024
Assets:
HTM debt securities $ 2,368,107  $ 18,162  $ 1,925,964  $ —  $ 1,944,126 
Loans and leases, net 17,968,982  —  —  17,325,630  17,325,630 
Liabilities:
Deposits 23,460,975  —  23,453,487  —  23,453,487 
Long-term debt 254,152  —  —  248,657  248,657 
 
Note 6 – Reclassifications Out of AOCI

The following table presents the details regarding amounts reclassified out of AOCI for the periods indicated. Amounts shown in parentheses reduce earnings.
(in thousands)
Details about AOCI Components Three Months Ended
March 31,
Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
2025 2024
Realized net gains on AFS securities:
$ $ —  Securities gains, net
  (2) —  Income tax expense
  $ $ —  Net of tax
Amortization of unrealized losses on HTM securities transferred from AFS:
  $ (1,964) $ (2,063) Investment securities interest revenue
  464  493  Income tax expense
  $ (1,500) $ (1,570) Net of tax
Reclassifications related to derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts $ 1,121  $ 1,440  Long-term debt interest expense
  (283) (368) Income tax expense
  $ 838  $ 1,072  Net of tax
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components:
Prior service cost $ (25) $ (44) Salaries and employee benefits expense
Actuarial gain 42  —  Other expense
  17  (44) Total before tax
  (4) 11  Income tax expense
  $ 13  $ (33) Net of tax
Total reclassifications for the period $ (645) $ (531) Net of tax

28

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 7 – Earnings Per Share
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
2025 2024
Net income $ 71,413  $ 62,631 
Dividends on preferred stock (1,573) (1,573)
Earnings allocated to participating securities (411) (345)
Net income available to common shareholders $ 69,429  $ 60,713 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic 120,043  119,662 
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options 88  81 
Restricted stock units 70  — 
Diluted 120,201  119,743 
Net income per common share:
Basic $ 0.58  $ 0.51 
Diluted $ 0.58  $ 0.51 
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, no potentially dilutive shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options were excluded from the computation of earnings per share because of their antidilutive effect. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, 984 potentially dilutive shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options were excluded from the computation of earnings per share because of their antidilutive effect.

Note 8 – Regulatory Matters

As of March 31, 2025, United and the Bank were categorized as well-capitalized under the regulatory requirements in effect at that time. To be categorized as well-capitalized, United and the Bank must have exceeded the well-capitalized guideline ratios in effect at the time, as set forth in the table below, and have met certain other requirements. Management believes that United and the Bank exceeded all well-capitalized requirements at March 31, 2025, and there have been no conditions or events since quarter-end that would change the status of well-capitalized.

Regulatory capital ratios at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, along with the minimum amounts required for capital adequacy purposes and to be well-capitalized under regulatory requirements in effect at such times, are presented below for United and the Bank:
United Community Banks, Inc.
(Consolidated)
United Community Bank
(dollars in thousands)
Minimum (1)
Well-
Capitalized
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
Risk-based ratios:
CET1 capital 4.5  % 6.5  % 13.29  % 13.27  % 12.68  % 13.05  %
Tier 1 capital 6.0  8.0  13.73  13.72  12.68  13.05 
Total capital 8.0  10.0  15.11  15.17  13.74  14.08 
Leverage ratio 4.0  5.0  10.15  9.96  9.37  9.46 
CET1 capital $ 2,645,491  $ 2,608,136  $ 2,516,229  $ 2,555,941 
Tier 1 capital 2,733,757  2,696,402  2,516,229  2,555,941 
Total capital 3,008,815  2,982,273  2,726,287  2,756,811 
Risk-weighted assets 19,909,871  19,655,227  19,840,404  19,582,815 
Average total assets for the leverage ratio 26,930,516  27,059,513  26,858,922  27,014,385 
(1) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the minimum ratios as presented were subject to an additional capital conservation buffer of 2.50%

29

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies
 
United is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. United uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it uses for underwriting on-balance sheet instruments. In most cases, collateral or other security is required to support financial instruments with credit risk.
 
The following table summarizes the contractual amount of significant off-balance sheet instruments as of the dates indicated.
(in thousands) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk:    
Commitments to extend credit $ 4,086,002  $ 3,970,991 
Letters of credit 61,606  57,983 

United, in the normal course of business, is subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. Although it is not possible to predict the outcome of these lawsuits, or the range of any possible loss, management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the ultimate aggregate liability, if any, arising from these lawsuits will have a material adverse effect on United’s financial position or results of operations.

Note 10 - Subsequent Events

Acquisition of ANB Holdings, Inc.
On May 1, 2025, United completed the previously announced acquisition of ANB Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, American National Bank, collectively referred to as “ANB”. ANB is headquartered in Oakland Park, Florida where it operates one banking location. As of March 31, 2025, American National Bank had total assets of $452 million, total loans of $317 million, and total deposits of $387 million.

ANB shareholders received $65.7 million, or 2,380,952 shares, of United common stock as consideration for the transaction. The acquisition will be accounted for as a business combination. Due to the timing of the acquisition, United is currently in the process of completing the purchase accounting and will make all of the remaining required disclosures as of June 30, 2025.

Share Repurchases
Beginning in April 2025, through May 7, 2025, United repurchased 505,898 shares of common stock for $13.9 million in accordance with its common stock repurchase program.

Debt Redemption
United has provided a redemption notice to the holders of the 2030 senior debentures of $100 million. Repayment is scheduled to occur during the second quarter of 2025.


30


Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is a discussion of our financial condition at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The purpose of this discussion is to focus on information about our financial condition and results of operations which is not otherwise apparent from our consolidated financial statements and is intended to provide insight into our results of operations and financial condition. The following discussion and analysis should be read along with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part I - Item 1 of this Report, “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and the risk factors discussed in our 2024 10-K and the other reports we have filed with the SEC after we filed the 2024 10-K.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “our,” “us” refer to United on a consolidated basis.
 
Overview
 
We offer a wide array of commercial and consumer banking services and investment advisory solutions through a 200 branch network throughout Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Florida and Alabama. Our equipment finance and SBA/USDA lending businesses operate throughout the United States. At March 31, 2025, we had consolidated total assets of $27.9 billion and 2,982 full-time equivalent employees.

Results of Operations
We reported net income and diluted earnings per common share of $71.4 million and $0.58, respectively, for the first quarter of 2025. This compared to net income and diluted earnings per common share of $62.6 million and $0.51, respectively, for the same period in 2024. We reported total revenue for the first quarters of 2025 and 2024 of $248 million and $239 million, respectively.

Net interest revenue increased to $212 million for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $199 million for the first quarter of 2024. The increase was mostly driven by a $14.9 million decrease in deposit interest expense as the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits decreased 42 basis points. The net interest margin increased to 3.36% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from 3.20% for the same period in 2024, primarily due to the steeper decrease in interest rates paid on deposits compared to the decrease in interest rates earned on loans.
 
Noninterest income of $35.7 million for the first quarter of 2025 was down $3.93 million, or 10%, from the first quarter of 2024, primarily driven by a $1.39 million decrease in mortgage loan gains and related fees and a $1.85 million decrease in wealth management fees. The decrease in mortgage loan gains and related fees was primarily due to a less favorable fair value adjustment on our mortgage servicing asset. The decrease in wealth management fees reflects the decrease in assets under management following the sale of FinTrust in the fourth quarter of 2024.

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $15.4 million and $12.9 million for the first quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The higher provision expense for the first quarter of 2025 reflects a less favorable economic forecast and net loan growth, partially offset by lower net charge-offs and a partial release of the 2024 reserve related to Hurricane Helene.

For the first quarter of 2025, noninterest expenses of $141 million decreased by $3.90 million compared to the same period of 2024. The decrease was largely driven by a decrease in FDIC assessment and other regulatory charges of $2.92 million as the first quarter of 2024 included $2.50 million in expense related to the FDIC special assessment.

Results for the first quarter of 2025 are discussed in further detail throughout the following sections of MD&A.

Critical Accounting Estimates
 
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Our accounting and reporting estimates are in accordance with GAAP and conform to customary practices within the banking industry. Estimates that are susceptible to significant changes include accounting for the ACL and fair value measurements, both of which require significant judgments by management. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Also, different assumptions in the application of these accounting estimates could result in material changes in our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations. Our critical accounting estimates are discussed in MD&A in our 2024 10-K.

31


Non-GAAP Reconciliation and Explanation

This Report contains financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial information includes the following measures: “tangible book value per common share,” and “tangible common equity to tangible assets.” In addition, management presents non-GAAP operating performance measures, which exclude merger-related and other items that are not part of our ongoing business operations. Operating performance measures include “noninterest income - operating,” “noninterest expense - operating,” “net income – operating,” “diluted income per common share – operating,” “tangible book value per common share,” “return on common equity – operating,” “return on tangible common equity – operating,” “return on assets – operating,” “efficiency ratio – operating” and “tangible common equity to tangible assets” We have developed internal policies and procedures to accurately capture and account for merger-related and other charges and those charges are reviewed with the Audit Committee of our Board each quarter. We use these non-GAAP measures because we believe they provide useful supplemental information for evaluating our operations and performance over periods of time, as well as in managing and evaluating our business and in discussions about our operations and performance. We believe these non-GAAP measures may also provide users of our financial information with a meaningful measure for assessing our financial results and credit trends, as well as a comparison to financial results for prior periods. Nevertheless, non-GAAP measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied and are not audited. These non-GAAP measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative to or substitute for, measures determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because non-GAAP measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare our non-GAAP measures to similarly titled measures used by other companies. To the extent applicable, reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable measures as reported in accordance with GAAP are included in Table 1 of MD&A.
32


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Table 1 - Financial Highlights
 (dollars in thousands, except per share data)
2025 2024
First Quarter
2025 - 2024 Change
First Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
First Quarter
INCOME SUMMARY  
Interest revenue $ 335,357  $ 344,962  $ 349,086  $ 346,965  $ 336,728 
Interest expense 123,336  134,629  139,900  138,265  137,579 
Net interest revenue 212,021  210,333  209,186  208,700  199,149  %
Noninterest income 35,656  40,522  8,091  36,556  39,587  (10)
Total revenue 247,677  250,855  217,277  245,256  238,736 
Provision for credit losses 15,419  11,389  14,428  12,235  12,899 
Noninterest expenses 141,099  143,056  143,065  147,044  145,002  (3)
Income before income tax expense 91,159  96,410  59,784  85,977  80,835  13 
Income tax expense 19,746  20,606  12,437  19,362  18,204 
Net income 71,413  75,804  47,347  66,615  62,631  14 
Non-operating items 1,297  2,203  29,385  6,493  2,187 
Income tax benefit of non-operating items (281) (471) (6,276) (1,462) (493)
Net income - operating (1)
$ 72,429  $ 77,536  $ 70,456  $ 71,646  $ 64,325  13 
PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Per common share:
Diluted net income - GAAP $ 0.58  $ 0.61  $ 0.38  $ 0.54  $ 0.51  14 
Diluted net income - operating (1)
0.59  0.63  0.57  0.58  0.52  13 
Cash dividends declared 0.24  0.24  0.24  0.23  0.23 
Book value 28.42  27.87  27.68  27.18  26.83 
Tangible book value (3)
20.58  20.00  19.66  19.13  18.71  10 
Key performance ratios:
Return on common equity - GAAP (2)(4)
7.89  % 8.40  % 5.20  % 7.53  % 7.14  %
Return on common equity - operating (1)(2)(4)
8.01  8.60  7.82  8.12  7.34 
Return on tangible common equity - operating (1)(2)(3)(4)
11.21  12.12  11.17  11.68  10.68 
Return on assets - GAAP (4)
1.02  1.06  0.67  0.97  0.90 
Return on assets - operating (1)(4)
1.04  1.08  1.01  1.04  0.93 
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
3.36  3.26  3.33  3.37  3.20 
Efficiency ratio - GAAP 56.74  56.05  65.51  59.70  60.47 
Efficiency ratio - operating (1)
56.22  55.18  57.37  57.06  59.15 
Equity to total assets 12.56  12.38  12.45  12.35  12.06 
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (3)
9.18  8.97  8.93  8.78  8.49 
ASSET QUALITY
NPAs $ 93,290  $ 115,635  $ 114,960  $ 116,722  $ 107,230  (13)
ACL - loans 211,974  206,998  205,290  213,022  210,934  — 
Net charge-offs 9,607  9,517  23,651  11,614  12,908 
ACL - loans to loans 1.15  % 1.14  % 1.14  % 1.17  % 1.15  %
Net charge-offs to average loans (4)
0.21  0.21  0.52  0.26  0.28 
NPAs to total assets 0.33  0.42  0.42  0.43  0.39 
AT PERIOD END ($ in millions)
Loans $ 18,425  $ 18,176  $ 17,964  $ 18,211  $ 18,375  — 
Investment securities 6,661  6,804  6,425  6,038  5,859  14 
Total assets 27,874  27,720  27,373  27,057  27,365 
Deposits 23,762  23,461  23,253  22,982  23,332 
Shareholders’ equity 3,501  3,432  3,407  3,343  3,300 
Common shares outstanding (thousands) 119,514  119,364  119,283  119,175  119,137  — 
(1) Excludes non-operating items as detailed on Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation on next page. (2) Net income less preferred stock dividends, divided by average realized common equity, which excludes AOCI. (3) Excludes effect of acquisition related intangibles and associated amortization. (4) Annualized.
33


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Table 1 (Continued) - Financial Highlights
Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
2025 2024
 
First Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
First Quarter
Noninterest income reconciliation
Noninterest income (GAAP) $ 35,656 $ 40,522 $ 8,091 $ 36,556 $ 39,587
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans 27,209
Gain on lease termination (2,400)
Noninterest income - operating $ 35,656 $ 40,522 $ 35,300 $ 36,556 $ 37,187
Noninterest expense reconciliation          
Noninterest expenses (GAAP) $ 141,099  $ 143,056  $ 143,065  $ 147,044  $ 145,002 
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) —  —  —  (5,100) — 
FDIC special assessment —  —  —  764  (2,500)
Merger-related and other charges (1,297) (2,203) (2,176) (2,157) (2,087)
Noninterest expenses - operating $ 139,802  $ 140,853  $ 140,889  $ 140,551  $ 140,415 
Net income to operating income reconciliation
Net income (GAAP) $ 71,413  $ 75,804  $ 47,347  $ 66,615  $ 62,631 
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans —  —  27,209  —  — 
Gain on lease termination —  —  —  —  (2,400)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) —  —  —  5,100  — 
FDIC special assessment —  —  —  (764) 2,500 
Merger-related and other charges 1,297  2,203  2,176  2,157  2,087 
Income tax benefit of non-operating items (281) (471) (6,276) (1,462) (493)
Net income - operating $ 72,429  $ 77,536  $ 70,456  $ 71,646  $ 64,325 
Diluted income per common share reconciliation
Diluted income per common share (GAAP) $ 0.58  $ 0.61  $ 0.38  $ 0.54  $ 0.51 
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans —  —  0.18  —  — 
Gain on lease termination —  —  —  —  (0.02)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) —  —  —  0.03  — 
FDIC special assessment —  —  —  —  0.02 
Merger-related and other charges 0.01  0.02  0.01  0.01  0.01 
Diluted income per common share - operating $ 0.59  $ 0.63  $ 0.57  $ 0.58  $ 0.52 
Book value per common share reconciliation
Book value per common share (GAAP) $ 28.42  $ 27.87  $ 27.68  $ 27.18  $ 26.83 
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles (7.84) (7.87) (8.02) (8.05) (8.12)
Tangible book value per common share $ 20.58  $ 20.00  $ 19.66  $ 19.13  $ 18.71 
Return on tangible common equity reconciliation
Return on common equity (GAAP) 7.89  % 8.40  % 5.20  % 7.53  % 7.14  %
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans —  —  2.43  —  — 
Gain on lease termination —  —  —  —  (0.22)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) —  —  —  0.46  — 
FDIC special assessment —  —  —  (0.07) 0.23 
Merger-related and other charges 0.12  0.20  0.19  0.20  0.19 
Return on common equity - operating 8.01  8.60  7.82  8.12  7.34 
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles 3.20  3.52  3.35  3.56  3.34 
Return on tangible common equity - operating 11.21  % 12.12  % 11.17  % 11.68  % 10.68  %
34


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Table 1 (Continued) - Financial Highlights
Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
2025 2024
 
First Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
First Quarter
Return on assets reconciliation
Return on assets (GAAP) 1.02  % 1.06  % 0.67  % 0.97  % 0.90  %
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans —  —  0.31  —  — 
Gain on lease termination —  —  —  —  (0.03)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) —  —  —  0.06  — 
FDIC special assessment —  —  —  (0.01) 0.03 
Merger-related and other charges 0.02  0.02  0.03  0.02  0.03 
Return on assets - operating 1.04  % 1.08  % 1.01  % 1.04  % 0.93  %
Efficiency ratio reconciliation
Efficiency ratio (GAAP) 56.74  % 56.05  % 65.51  % 59.70  % 60.47  %
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans —  —  (7.15) —  — 
Gain on lease termination —  —  —  —  0.60 
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment) —  —  —  (2.07) — 
FDIC special assessment —  —  —  0.31  (1.05)
Merger-related and other charges (0.52) (0.87) (0.99) (0.88) (0.87)
Efficiency ratio - operating 56.22  % 55.18  % 57.37  % 57.06  % 59.15  %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets reconciliation
Equity to total assets (GAAP) 12.56  % 12.38  % 12.45  % 12.35  % 12.06  %
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles (3.06) (3.09) (3.20) (3.24) (3.25)
Effect of preferred equity (0.32) (0.32) (0.32) (0.33) (0.32)
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 9.18  % 8.97  % 8.93  % 8.78  % 8.49  %

Net Interest Revenue

The following discussion provides additional details on the daily average balances and net interest revenue for the periods presented. The table that follows indicates the relationship between interest revenue and expense and the daily average amounts of assets and liabilities, which provides further insight into net interest spread and net interest margin for the periods indicated.

Net interest revenue for the first quarters of 2025 and 2024 was $212 million and $199 million, respectively. FTE net interest revenue for the first quarter of 2025 was $213 million, representing an increase of $12.8 million, or 6%, from the same period in 2024. The net interest spread for the first quarters of 2025 and 2024 was 2.46% and 2.16%, respectively. The net interest margin for the first quarters of 2025 and 2024 was 3.36% and 3.20%, respectively.

The interest rate environment changes over the past year included 100 basis points of federal funds rate cuts, which resulted in decreases in both earning-asset yields and funding costs. As a result, FTE net interest revenue for the first quarter of 2025 increased compared to the same period of 2024 as the decrease in deposit interest expense of $14.9 million more than offset the $10.0 million decrease in loan interest revenue. In addition, interest revenue from taxable securities increased $12.5 million due to both a higher average balance and an increase in the average rate earned as we have continued to reinvest in higher-yielding securities. We also experienced a decrease in interest revenue from federal funds sold and other interest-earning assets due to lower interest rates. The increase in net interest margin and net interest spread was primarily driven by a steeper decrease in average rates paid on deposits compared to the decrease in rates earned on loans.

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Table 2 - Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands, (FTE))
  2025 2024
Average Balance Interest Average Rate Average Balance Interest Average Rate
Assets:            
Interest-earning assets:            
Loans, net of unearned income (FTE) (1)(2)
$ 18,213,501  $ 273,930  6.10  % $ 18,299,739  $ 283,960  6.24  %
Taxable securities (3)
6,737,658  57,172  3.39  5,828,391  44,715  3.07 
Tax-exempt securities (FTE) (1)(3)
356,712  2,245  2.52  366,350  2,311  2.52 
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning assets 400,592  3,001  3.04  674,594  6,805  4.06 
Total interest-earning assets (FTE) 25,708,463  336,348  5.29  25,169,074  337,791  5.39 
Noninterest-earning assets:
Allowance for credit losses (210,169) (212,996)
Cash and due from banks 219,540  221,203 
Premises and equipment 396,443  386,021 
Other assets (3)
1,610,104  1,618,315 
Total assets $ 27,724,381  $ 27,181,617 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW and interest-bearing demand $ 6,134,004  37,390  2.47  $ 6,078,090  46,211  3.06 
Money market 6,583,963  49,541  3.05  5,864,217  50,478  3.46 
Savings 1,096,308  624  0.23  1,192,828  706  0.24 
Time 3,446,048  30,831  3.63  3,596,486  35,944  4.02 
Brokered time deposits 50,447  548  4.41  50,343  445  3.56 
Total interest-bearing deposits 17,310,770  118,934  2.79  16,781,964  133,784  3.21 
Federal funds purchased and other borrowings 80,760  1,107  5.56  13  —  — 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 38,900  433  4.51  —  — 
Long-term debt 254,220  2,862  4.57  324,838  3,795  4.70 
Total borrowed funds 373,880  4,402  4.77  324,855  3,795  4.70 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 17,684,650  123,336  2.83  17,106,819  137,579  3.23 
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits 6,194,217  6,398,079 
Other liabilities 369,939  390,451 
Total liabilities 24,248,806  23,895,349 
Shareholders' equity 3,475,575  3,286,268 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 27,724,381  $ 27,181,617 
Net interest revenue (FTE)   $ 213,012  $ 200,212 
Net interest-rate spread (FTE)     2.46  % 2.16  %
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
    3.36  % 3.20  %
 
(1)Interest revenue on tax-exempt securities and loans includes a taxable-equivalent adjustment to reflect comparable interest on taxable securities and loans. The FTE adjustment totaled $991,000 and $1.06 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The tax rate used to calculate the adjustment was 26%, reflecting the statutory federal income tax rate and the federal tax adjusted state income tax rate.
(2)Included in the average balance of loans outstanding are loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans that are held for sale.
(3)Unrealized losses on AFS securities, including those related to the transfer from AFS to HTM, have been reclassified to other assets. Pretax unrealized losses of $269 million in 2025 and $322 million in 2024 are included in other assets for purposes of this presentation.
(4)Net interest margin is taxable equivalent net interest revenue divided by average interest-earning assets.

36


Noninterest Income
 
The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the periods indicated.
Table 3 - Noninterest Income
(dollars in thousands)
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
Change
  2025 2024 Amount Percent
Service charges and fees:
Overdraft fees $ 3,027  $ 3,000  $ 27  %
ATM and debit card fees 3,776  3,505  271 
Other service charges and fees 2,732  2,759  (27) (1)
Total service charges and fees 9,535  9,264  271 
Mortgage loan gains and related fees 6,122  7,511  (1,389) (18)
Wealth management fees 4,465  6,313  (1,848) (29)
Gains on sales of other loans 1,396  1,537  (141) (9)
Lending and loan servicing fees 4,165  4,210  (45) (1)
Securities gains, net — 
Other noninterest income:
Customer derivative fees 1,252  239  1,013 
Other investment income 404  1,103  (699)
BOLI 2,109  2,895  (786) (27)
Treasury management income 1,983  1,497  486  32 
Other 4,219  5,018  (799) (16)
Total other noninterest income 9,967  10,752  (785) (7)
Total noninterest income $ 35,656  $ 39,587  $ (3,931) (10)

The decrease in mortgage loan gains and related fees for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period of 2024 was primarily a result of a $1.58 million less favorable fair value adjustment to our mortgage servicing asset partially offset by higher gains on mortgage sales and rate lock volume. The following table provides additional mortgage metrics for the periods indicated.

Table 4 - Mortgage Loan Metrics
(dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2025 2024 % Change
Mortgage rate locks $ 330,490  $ 259,577  27  %
Mortgage loans sold $ 140,905  $ 125,939  12 
Mortgage loans originated:
Purchases $ 163,363  $ 148,225  10 
Refinances 23,869  22,760 
Total $ 187,232  $ 170,985  10 

The decrease in wealth management fees reflects the decrease in assets under management and advisement as a result of the FinTrust sale during the fourth quarter of 2024. Assets under management and advisement totaled $3.18 billion and $5.39 billion at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Customer derivative fee income was up mostly due to stronger loan growth and increased demand for customer derivatives, attributable to the decrease in rates since the first quarter of 2024.

Provision for Credit Losses

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $15.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $12.9 million for the same period of 2024. The increase in provision was mostly driven by a less favorable economic forecast and net loan growth.
37


These increases were partially offset by a decrease in net charge-offs and a release of a portion of the Hurricane Helene additional allowance established in 2024. Additional discussion on credit quality and the ACL is included in the “Asset Quality and Risk Elements” section of MD&A in this Report.

Noninterest Expenses 

The following table presents the components of noninterest expenses for the periods indicated.
Table 5 - Noninterest Expenses
(dollars in thousands)
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
Change
  2025 2024 Amount Percent
Salaries and employee benefits $ 84,267  $ 84,985  $ (718) (1) %
Communications and equipment 13,699  11,920  1,779  15 
Occupancy 10,929  11,099  (170) (2)
Advertising and public relations 1,881  1,901  (20) (1)
Postage, printing and supplies 2,561  2,648  (87) (3)
Professional fees 5,931  5,988  (57) (1)
Lending and loan servicing expense 1,987  1,827  160 
Outside services - electronic banking 2,763  2,918  (155) (5)
FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges 4,642  7,566  (2,924) (39)
Amortization of intangibles 3,286  3,887  (601) (15)
Merger-related and other charges 1,297  2,087  (790) (38)
Other 7,856  8,176  (320) (4)
Total noninterest expenses $ 141,099  $ 145,002  $ (3,903) (3)

Salaries and employee benefits for the first quarter of 2025 benefited from the reduction in employees resulting from the sale of FinTrust in the fourth quarter of 2024 and the staff reduction following the manufactured housing loan sale in the third quarter of 2024.

Communications and equipment expense increased primarily due to incremental software contract costs. We also recorded increased depreciation related to equipment placed into service since March 31, 2024, which included technology equipment for our new Greenville headquarters building and new signage associated with our rebranding.

The decrease in FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges in the first quarter of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024 reflects a $2.50 million FDIC special assessment accrued in the first quarter of 2024.

Merger-related and other charges for the first quarter of 2025 decreased compared to the same period in 2024 primarily due to a decrease in costs associated with our rebranding.

Income Tax Expense

The following table presents income tax expense and the effective tax rate for the periods indicated.

Table 6 - Income Tax Expense
(dollars in thousands)
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2025 2024
Income before income taxes $ 91,159  $ 80,835 
Income tax expense 19,746  18,204 
Effective tax rate 21.7  % 22.5  %

38


Balance Sheet Review
 
Total assets at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $27.9 billion and $27.7 billion, respectively. Total liabilities at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $24.4 billion and $24.3 billion, respectively. Shareholders’ equity totaled $3.50 billion and $3.43 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Loans

Our loan portfolio is our largest category of interest-earning assets. The following table presents the loan portfolio and the allocation of the ACL by loan type for the periods indicated.

Table 7 - Loan Portfolio Composition and ACL Allocation
(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Loans % of portfolio ACL ACL to Loans Loans % of portfolio ACL ACL to Loans
Owner occupied CRE $ 3,418,827  19  % $ 21,505  0.63  % $ 3,398,217  19  % $ 19,873  0.58  %
Income producing CRE 4,416,058  24  45,817  1.04  4,360,920  24  41,427  0.95 
Commercial & industrial 2,506,405  14  37,704  1.50  2,428,376  13  35,441  1.46 
Commercial construction 1,681,389  16,725  0.99  1,655,710  16,370  0.99 
Equipment financing 1,722,445  47,600  2.76  1,662,501  47,415  2.85 
Total commercial 13,745,124  75  169,351  1.23  13,505,724  74  160,526  1.19 
Residential mortgage 3,217,742  17  29,679  0.92  3,231,479  18  32,259  1.00 
Home equity 1,099,369  10,297  0.94  1,064,874  11,247  1.06 
Residential construction 171,073  1,622  0.95  178,405  1,672  0.94 
Manufactured housing —  —  —  —  1,723  —  450  26.12 
Consumer 182,535  1,025  0.56  186,448  844  0.45 
Total (1)
$ 18,415,843  $ 211,974  1.15  $ 18,168,653  $ 206,998  1.14 
(1) Loans presented excludes fair value hedge basis adjustments.

The following table provides a disaggregation of our income producing CRE portfolio as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Office is the largest subcategory within the income producing CRE portfolio. At March 31, 2025, the average loan within the office category was $1.45 million and the largest loan was $16.4 million.

Table 8 - CRE - Income Producing Portfolio Composition
(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024

Total
% of loans in category
Total
% of loans in category
Office $ 824,276  19  % $ 792,449  18  %
Retail 809,966  18  765,987  18 
Multifamily 613,883  14  633,296  15 
Warehouse 505,315  12  502,586  11 
Hotel 492,929  11  467,139  11 
Other 467,058  11  475,898  11 
Rental 1-4 Family 324,292  326,286 
Senior Care 231,994  259,056 
Self Storage 146,345  138,223 
Total
$ 4,416,058  100  % $ 4,360,920  100  %

Asset Quality and Risk Elements
 
We manage asset quality and control credit risk through review and oversight of the loan portfolio as well as adherence to policies designed to promote sound underwriting and loan monitoring practices. Our credit risk management function is responsible for monitoring asset quality and Board approved portfolio concentration limits, establishing credit policies and procedures and enforcing the consistent application of these policies and procedures.
39


 
The ACL reflects our assessment of the life of loan expected credit losses in the loan portfolio and unfunded loan commitments. This assessment involves uncertainty and judgment and is subject to change in future periods. See the Critical Accounting Estimates section of MD&A in our 2024 10-K for additional information on the ACL.

The total ACL for loans at March 31, 2025 increased by $4.98 million, or 2%, compared to December 31, 2024 and the ACL for loans as a percentage of total loans increased slightly to 1.15% from 1.14%. The increase in the ACL was primarily attributable to loan growth and a less favorable economic forecast due to uncertainty surrounding the federal administration’s policies. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in the Hurricane Helene related allowance based on our most recent assessment of potential losses from loans impacted by the storm. This reserve totaled $7.17 million and $9.80 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Our ACL for unfunded commitments increased mostly due to an increase in our construction commitments.

The following table provides a summary of net charge-offs to average loans for the periods indicated.
Table 9 - Net Charge-offs to Average Loans
(dollars in thousands)
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2025 2024
Net charge-offs (recoveries)
Owner occupied CRE $ 126 $ 202
Income producing CRE 718 205
Commercial & industrial 2,447 3,906
Commercial construction (138) 20
Equipment financing 5,042 6,362
Residential mortgage (1) (16)
Home equity (62) (54)
Residential construction 219 119
Manufactured housing 1,569
Consumer 1,256 595
Total net charge-offs $ 9,607 $ 12,908
Average loans
Owner occupied CRE $ 3,393,849 $ 3,278,673
Income producing CRE 4,369,597 4,224,227
Commercial & industrial 2,456,768 2,401,573
Commercial construction 1,661,366 1,892,917
Equipment financing 1,685,187 1,539,483
Residential mortgage 3,210,729 3,211,015
Home equity 1,077,463 961,520
Residential construction 173,987 278,745
Manufactured housing 331,442
Consumer 184,555 180,144
Total average loans $ 18,213,501 $ 18,299,739
Net charge-offs to average loans (1)
Owner occupied CRE 0.02  % 0.02  %
Income producing CRE 0.07  0.02 
Commercial & industrial 0.40  0.65 
Commercial construction (0.03) — 
Equipment financing 1.21  1.66 
Residential mortgage —  — 
Home equity (0.02) (0.02)
Residential construction 0.51  0.17 
Manufactured housing —  1.90 
Consumer 2.76  1.33 
Total 0.21  0.28 
(1) Annualized.
40



The decrease in net charge-offs for the first quarter of 2025 compared to the first quarter of 2024 was primarily driven by lower commercial and industrial, equipment finance and manufactured housing charge-offs. We completed the sale of the substantially all of our manufactured housing portfolio in the third quarter of 2024. For the first quarter of 2025, the average balance and net charge-offs related to the remaining manufactured housing loans are reflected in consumer loans. Equipment finance charge-offs decreased due to lower long-haul trucking related losses.

Nonperforming Assets

The table below summarizes NPAs for the periods indicated. NPAs include nonaccrual loans, OREO and repossessed assets. The decrease in NPAs since December 31, 2024 was primarily driven by $24.3 million in payoffs and paydowns of nonaccrual loans. Notably, we had one $7.85 million senior care loan payoff (included in income producing CRE) and significant paydowns and payoffs for two commercial and industrial relationships of $5.85 million.

Table 10 - NPAs
(dollars in thousands)
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
$ Change
Nonaccrual loans:
Owner occupied CRE $ 8,949  $ 11,674  $ (2,725)
Income producing CRE 16,536  25,357  (8,821)
Commercial & industrial 22,396  29,339  (6,943)
Commercial construction 5,558  7,400  (1,842)
Equipment financing 8,818  8,925  (107)
Total commercial 62,257  82,695  (20,438)
Residential mortgage 22,756  24,615  (1,859)
Home equity 4,091  4,630  (539)
Residential construction 811  57  754 
Manufactured housing (1)
—  1,444  (1,444)
Consumer 1,423  138  1,285 
Total
91,338  113,579  (22,241)
OREO and repossessed assets 1,952  2,056  (104)
Total NPAs $ 93,290  $ 115,635  $ (22,345)
Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of total loans 0.50  % 0.62  %
NPAs as a percentage of total assets 0.33  0.42 
ACL - loans to nonaccrual loans coverage ratio 2.32 1.82
(1) In 2025, manufactured housing loans were included in consumer loans.

Investment Securities

The composition of the investment securities portfolio reflects our investment strategy of maintaining an appropriate level of liquidity while providing a relatively stable source of revenue. The investment securities portfolio also provides a balance to interest rate risk and credit risk in other categories of the balance sheet while providing a vehicle for the investment of available funds, furnishing liquidity, and supplying securities to pledge as required collateral for certain deposits and borrowings. The table below summarizes the carrying value of our securities portfolio and other relevant portfolio metrics including weighted-average life and effective duration as of the dates presented. Effective duration represents the expected change in the price of a security when rates change by 100 basis points.
41



Table 11 - Investment Securities
(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Carrying Value
% of portfolio
Carrying Value
% of portfolio
$ Change
AFS
$ 4,322,644  65  % $ 4,436,291  65  % $ (113,647)
HTM
2,338,571  35  2,368,107  35  (29,536)
   Total investment securities
$ 6,661,215  $ 6,804,398  $ (143,183)
Investment securities as a % of total assets
24  % 25  %
Weighted average life
5.6 years 5.7 years
Swap adjusted effective duration
3.5  % 3.5  %
Effective duration
3.9  3.9 
We utilize fair value hedges on a portion of our AFS securities portfolio in order to mitigate the impact of potential future unrealized losses on our tangible common equity. Gains and losses related to the hedge and hedged item are reflected in investment securities interest income. The changes in the fair value of the hedge and the hedged item substantially offset each other. See Note 4 to the financial statements for further detail.
At March 31, 2025, HTM debt securities had a fair value of $1.95 billion, indicating net unrealized losses of $386 million. Additional unrealized losses on HTM debt securities of $57.5 million (pre-tax) were included in AOCI as a result of the transfer of AFS debt securities to HTM in 2022. Unrealized losses were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.
See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for additional detail.
Deposits
Customer deposits are the primary source of funds for the continued growth of our earning assets. We believe our high level of service, as evidenced by our strong customer satisfaction scores, is instrumental in attracting and retaining customer deposit accounts. Since December 31, 2024, customer deposits increased $309 million, mostly driven by an increase in money market deposit balances. As of March 31, 2025, we had approximately $9.78 billion of uninsured deposits, of which $3.04 billion was collateralized by investment securities.

Table 12 - Deposits
(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Balance
% of Total Balance % of Total
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 6,257,032  26  % $ 6,211,182  26  %
NOW and interest-bearing demand 6,155,141  26  6,141,342  26 
Money market and savings 7,742,880  33  7,498,735  32 
Time 3,446,567  14  3,441,424  15 
Total customer deposits 23,601,620  99  23,292,683  99 
Brokered deposits 160,785  168,292 
Total deposits $ 23,762,405  $ 23,460,975 

Borrowing Activities

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had long-term debt outstanding of $254 million, which includes senior debentures, subordinated debentures, and trust preferred securities. At March 31, 2025 there were no short-term borrowings outstanding. At December 31, 2024 there were $195 million in short-term borrowings outstanding. The need to utilize wholesale funding sources has decreased as our deposit and cash balances have substantially provided for our liquidity needs.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
There have not been any material changes to our contractual obligations and off-balance sheet arrangements since December 31, 2024.
 
42


Interest Rate Sensitivity Management

Interest rate sensitivity is a function of the repricing characteristics of the portfolio of assets and liabilities. Repricing characteristics are the time frames within which the interest rates on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are subject to change either at replacement, repricing or maturity.

Management uses an asset/liability simulation model to measure the potential change in net interest revenue over time using multiple interest rate scenarios. Our modeling is based on the 12-month impact on net interest revenue simulations with various interest rate shocks and ramps, which are compared to a base scenario that assumes rates remain flat. In the shock scenarios, rates immediately change the full amount at the scenario onset. In the ramp scenarios, rates change by 25 basis points per month until they reach the predetermined levels.

The following table presents our interest sensitivity position at the dates indicated. The scenario results presented assume parallel movements in the yield curve, which may differ from actual future curve behavior. Other than an assumption for the runoff of estimated surge deposits, our model generally assumes no change in deposit portfolio size or composition.

Table 13 - Interest Sensitivity
  Increase (Decrease) in Net Interest Revenue from Base Scenario at
  March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Change in Rates Shock Ramp Shock Ramp
200 basis point increase 3.50  % 1.69  % 2.01  % 0.92  %
100 basis point increase 1.93  1.28  1.19  0.66 
100 basis point decrease (3.07) (2.03) (2.27) (1.46)
200 basis point decrease (7.24) (3.17) (6.00) (2.38)

The change in results from December 31, 2024 to March 31, 2025 reflects more floating interest rate loans and a slight shortening of asset duration to address rising interest rate risk concerns. In addition, the balance sheet became slightly more asset sensitive at March 31, 2025 due to higher cash balances on hand at quarter-end.

Liquidity Management 
The Bank’s main source of liquidity is customer interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposit accounts. Liquidity is also available from wholesale funding sources consisting primarily of repurchase agreements, Federal funds purchased, FHLB advances, and brokered deposits. These sources of liquidity are generally short-term in nature and are used as necessary to fund asset growth and meet other short-term liquidity needs. As part of our liquidity management, we focus on maximizing the amount of securities and loans available as collateral for contingent liquidity sources and calibrating our assumptions in our liquidity stress test on an ongoing basis, particularly as it relates to deposit duration. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had sufficient liquid funds and qualifying collateral to support additional borrowings, which are detailed in the table below.

Table 14 - Availability of Liquid Funds and Borrowings
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Available liquid funds:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 636,712  $ 519,873 
Availability of borrowings (1):
FHLB 1,864,366  1,917,905 
Federal Reserve - Discount Window 2,316,478  2,267,139 
Unpledged securities available as collateral for additional borrowings 3,625,236  3,603,885 
(1) Based on collateral pledged.

43


In addition, because the Holding Company is a separate entity and apart from the Bank, it must provide for its own liquidity. The Holding Company is responsible for the payment of dividends declared for its common and preferred shareholders, and interest and principal on any outstanding debt or trust preferred securities. The Holding Company currently has sufficient liquid assets to meet these obligations. Holding Company liquidity is maintained at a level of at least 15 months of forecasted cash obligations.
In the opinion of management, our liquidity position at March 31, 2025 was sufficient to meet our expected cash flow requirements for the foreseeable future. See the consolidated statement of cash flows for further detail.

Capital Resources and Dividends
 
Shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2025 was $3.50 billion, an increase of $68.8 million from December 31, 2024 primarily due to year-to-date earnings and other comprehensive income, partially offset by dividends declared on common and preferred stock.

The following table shows capital ratios, as calculated under applicable regulatory guidelines, at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2025, capital levels remained characterized as “well-capitalized” under regulatory requirements in effect at the time. Additional information related to capital ratios is provided in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

Table 15 - Capital Ratios
United Community Banks, Inc.
(Consolidated)
United Community Bank
Minimum Well-
Capitalized
Minimum Capital Plus Capital Conservation Buffer March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
March 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
Risk-based ratios:
CET1 capital 4.5  % 6.5  % 7.0  % 13.29  % 13.27  % 12.68  % 13.05  %
Tier 1 capital 6.0  8.0  8.5  13.73  13.72  12.68  13.05 
Total capital 8.0  10.0  10.5  15.11  15.17  13.74  14.08 
Leverage ratio 4.0  5.0  N/A 10.15  9.96  9.37  9.46 

The following table shows capital composition as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Table 16 - Capital Composition under Basel III
(in thousands)
United Community Banks, Inc. (Consolidated)
United Community Bank

March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Total common shareholders' equity $ 3,412,630  $ 3,343,861  $ 3,275,458  $ 3,282,263 
CECL transitional amount —  3,334  —  3,334 
Goodwill (907,090) (907,090) (907,090) (907,090)
Intangibles, other than goodwill and mortgage servicing rights, net of associated DTLs (39,803) (42,334) (39,803) (42,334)
DTAs arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards (6,805) (2,554) (6,109) (1,988)
Net unrealized losses on AFS securities 151,195  177,645  150,281  176,777 
Accumulated net gains on cash flow hedges (8,128) (9,705) —  — 
Net unrealized losses on HTM securities that are included in AOCI 43,629  45,129  43,629  45,129 
Other (137) (150) (137) (150)
CET1 capital 2,645,491  2,608,136  2,516,229  2,555,941 
Preferred stock, net of issuance cost 88,266  88,266  —  — 
Tier 1 capital 2,733,757  2,696,402  2,516,229  2,555,941 
Tier 2 capital instruments 65,000  85,000  —  — 
Qualifying ACL 210,058  200,871  210,058  200,870 
Total capital $ 3,008,815  $ 2,982,273  $ 2,726,287  $ 2,756,811 

44


Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices
 
A bank’s asset and liability structure is substantially different from that of an industrial firm in that primarily all assets and liabilities of a bank are monetary in nature with relatively little investment in fixed assets or inventories. Management believes the effect of inflation on financial results depends on our ability to react to changes in interest rates, and by such reaction, reduce the inflationary effect on performance. We have an asset/liability management program to manage interest rate sensitivity. In addition, periodic reviews of banking services and products are conducted to adjust pricing in view of current and expected costs.

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
 
There have been no material changes in our market risk as of March 31, 2025 from that presented in our 2024 10-K. Our interest rate sensitivity position at March 31, 2025 is set forth in Table 13 in MD&A of this Report and incorporated herein by this reference.
 
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

    (a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of March 31, 2025. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

    (b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

45


Part II. OTHER INFORMATION 

Item 5. Other Information

No director or officer of the Company adopted, modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Item 6. Exhibits

(d)     Exhibits. See Exhibit Index below.

EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.   Description
 
 
 
101
Interactive data files for United Community Bank, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited); (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited); (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited); (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited); (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited); and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
104
The cover page from United Community Bank’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 (formatted in Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101)


46


Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
  UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
   
  /s/ H. Lynn Harton
  H. Lynn Harton
  President and Chief Executive Officer
  (Principal Executive Officer)
   
  /s/ Jefferson L. Harralson
  Jefferson L. Harralson
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial Officer)
   
  /s/ Alan H. Kumler
  Alan H. Kumler
  Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
  (Principal Accounting Officer)
   
 
Date: May 9, 2025
 

47
EX-31.1 2 ucbi3312510-qexhibit311.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1
 
I, H. Lynn Harton, certify that:
 
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of United Community Banks, Inc. (the “Registrant”);
 
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a - 15(f) and 15d - 15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: May 9, 2025
  /s/ H. Lynn Harton
H. Lynn Harton
    President and Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant
 
 


EX-31.2 3 ucb3312510-qexhibit312.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2
 
I, Jefferson L. Harralson, certify that:
 
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of United Community Banks, Inc. (the “Registrant”);
 
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a - 15(f) and 15d - 15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 
 
Date: May 9, 2025
  /s/ Jefferson L. Harralson
    Jefferson L. Harralson
    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant


EX-32 4 ucb3312510-qexhibit32.htm EX-32 Document

Exhibit 32
 
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report of United Community Banks, Inc. (“United”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2025 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of United certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of United.
  /s/ H. Lynn Harton
  Name: H. Lynn Harton
  Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: May 9, 2025
   
  /s/ Jefferson L. Harralson
  Name: Jefferson L. Harralson
  Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  Date: May 9, 2025