株探米国株
英語
エドガーで原本を確認する
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2023
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from ___________ to ___________
Commission file number 001-35095
UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Georgia   58-1807304
(State of incorporation)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
125 Highway 515 East  
Blairsville, Georgia
30512
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(706) 781-2265
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbol(s) Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, par value $1 per share UCBI Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary shares, each representing 1/1000th interest in a share of
Series I Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock
UCBIO Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). 
Yes ☐ No ☒

There were 118,979,851 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $1 per share, outstanding as of October 31, 2023.



UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
  Item 1. Financial Statements  
   
       
   
       
   
   
       
       
   
       
 
       
 
       
 
       
       
 
 
 
 

2


Glossary of Defined Terms

The following terms may be used throughout this report, including the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Term Definition
2022 10-K
United’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023
ACL Allowance for credit losses
AFS Available-for-sale
ALCO Asset/Liability Management Committee
AOCI Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
ARR Alternative reference rate
ASU Accounting standards update
Bank United Community Bank
Board United Community Banks Inc., Board of Directors
BOLI Bank-owned life insurance
CECL Current expected credit loss
CET1 Common equity tier 1
CME Chicago Mercantile Exchange
Company United Community Banks Inc. (interchangeable with "United" below)
CVA Credit valuation adjustment
FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDM Modification made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty
Federal Reserve Federal Reserve System
First Miami First Miami Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, First National Bank of South Miami
FHLB Federal Home Loan Bank
FOMC Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Markets Committee
FTE Fully taxable equivalent
GAAP Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
GSE U.S. government-sponsored enterprise
Holding Company United Community Banks, Inc. on an unconsolidated basis
HTM Held-to-maturity
LIBOR London Interbank Offered Rate
LIHTC Low- income housing tax credit
MD&A Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MBS Mortgage-backed securities
NOW Negotiable order of withdrawal
NPA Nonperforming asset
OCI Other comprehensive income (loss)
OREO Other real estate owned
PCD Purchased credit deteriorated
Progress
Progress Financial Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Progress Bank & Trust
Reliant
Reliant Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Reliant Bank
Report
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ending September 30, 2023
SBA United States Small Business Administration
SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
SOFR Secured Overnight Financing Rate
TDR Troubled debt restructuring
U.S. Treasury United States Department of the Treasury
United United Community Banks, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
VIE Variable interest entity
3


Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements
 
This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are neither statements of historical or current fact nor are they assurances of future performance and generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes”, “expects”, “may”, “will”, “could”, “should”, “projects”, “plans”, “goal”, “targets”, “potential”, “estimates”, “pro forma”, “seeks”, “intends”, or “anticipates”, or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include discussions of strategy, financial projections, guidance and estimates (including their underlying assumptions), statements regarding plans, objectives, expectations or consequences of various transactions or events, and statements about our future performance, operations, products and services, and should be viewed with caution.

Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and changes in circumstances, many of which are beyond our control, and that are difficult to predict as to timing, extent, likelihood and degree of occurrence, and that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results implied or anticipated by the statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to the following:

•negative economic and political conditions that adversely affect the general economy, the banking sector, housing prices, the real estate market, the job market, consumer confidence, the financial condition of our borrowers and consumer spending habits, which may affect, among other things, the levels of NPAs, charge-offs and provision expense;
•changes in loan underwriting, credit review or loss policies associated with economic conditions, examination conclusions or regulatory developments;
•the potential effects of pandemics or public health conditions on the economic and business environments in which we operate, including the impact of actions taken by governmental authorities to address these situations;
•strategic, market, operational, liquidity and interest rate risks associated with our business;
•potential fluctuations or unanticipated changes in the interest rate environment, including interest rate changes made by the Federal Reserve, replacements of LIBOR and replacement or reform of other interest rate benchmarks, as well as cash flow reassessments may reduce net interest margin and/or the volumes and values of loans made or held as well as the value of other financial assets;
•any unanticipated or greater than anticipated adverse conditions in the national or local economies in which we operate;
•our loan concentration in industries or sectors that may experience unanticipated or greater than anticipated adverse conditions than other industries or sectors in the national or local economies in which we operate;
•the risks of expansion into new geographic or product markets;
•risks with respect to our ability to identify and complete future mergers or acquisitions as well as our ability to successfully expand and integrate those businesses and operations that we acquire;
•our ability to attract and retain key employees;
•competition from financial institutions and other financial service providers including non-bank financial technology providers and our ability to attract customers from other financial institutions;
•losses due to fraudulent and negligent conduct of our customers, third-party service providers or employees;
•cybersecurity risks and the vulnerability of our network and online banking portals, and the systems or parties with whom we contract, to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes, spam attacks, human error, natural disasters, power loss and other security breaches that could adversely affect our business and financial performance or reputation;
•our reliance on third parties to provide key components of our business infrastructure and services required to operate our business;
•the risk that we may be required to make substantial expenditures to keep pace with regulatory initiatives and the rapid technological changes in the financial services market;
•the availability of and access to capital, particularly if there were to be increased capital requirements or enhanced regulatory supervision;
•legislative, regulatory or accounting changes that may adversely affect us;
•volatility in the ACL resulting from the CECL methodology, either alone or as that may be affected by conditions affecting our business;
•adverse results (including judgments, costs, fines, reputational harm, inability to obtain necessary approvals and/or other negative effects) from current or future litigation, regulatory proceedings, examinations, investigations, or similar matters, or developments related thereto;
•any matter that would cause us to conclude that there was impairment of any asset, including intangible assets, such as goodwill;
•limitations on our ability to declare and pay dividends and other distributions from the Bank to the Holding Company, which could affect Holding Company liquidity, including its ability to pay dividends to shareholders or take other capital actions;
•the potential effects of events beyond our control that may have a destabilizing effect on financial markets and the economy, such as inflation or recession, terrorist activities, wars and other foreign conflicts, climate change, disruptions in our customers’ supply chains, disruptions in transportation, essential utility outages or trade disputes and related tariffs; and
•other risks and uncertainties disclosed in documents filed or furnished by us with or to the SEC, any of which could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed, implied or otherwise anticipated by such forward-looking statements.

We caution readers that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive, is not necessarily in order of importance and readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Additional factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by any forward-looking statements also may be found in our 2022 10-K (including the “Risk Factor” section of that report), Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC and available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. We do not intend to and, except as required by law, hereby disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained in this Report, which speaks only as of the date of its filing with the SEC, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. The financial statements and information contained herein have not been reviewed, or confirmed for accuracy or relevance, by the FDIC or any other regulator.

4


Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
ASSETS    
Cash and due from banks $ 192,726  $ 195,771 
Interest-bearing deposits in banks 566,779  316,082 
Federal funds and other short-term investments —  135,000 
Cash and cash equivalents 759,505  646,853 
Debt securities available-for-sale 3,182,112  3,614,333 
Debt securities held-to-maturity (fair value $1,992,364 and $2,191,073, respectively)
2,518,773  2,613,648 
Loans held for sale 37,110  13,600 
Loans and leases held for investment 18,202,807  15,334,627 
Less allowance for credit losses - loans and leases (201,557) (159,357)
Loans and leases, net 18,001,250  15,175,270 
Premises and equipment, net 371,435  298,456 
Bank owned life insurance 344,647  299,297 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net 994,142  779,248 
Other assets 660,233  568,179 
Total assets $ 26,869,207  $ 24,008,884 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 6,782,031  $ 7,643,081 
Interest-bearing deposits 16,075,837  12,233,426 
Total deposits 22,857,868  19,876,507 
Short-term borrowings 37,348  158,933 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances —  550,000 
Long-term debt 324,786  324,663 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 465,381  398,107 
Total liabilities 23,685,383  21,308,210 
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $1 par value: 10,000,000 shares authorized; 3,745 and 4,000 shares Series I issued and
  outstanding, respectively; $25,000 per share liquidation preference
90,283  96,422 
Common stock, $1 par value: 200,000,000 shares authorized,
  118,975,652 and 106,222,758 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
118,976  106,223 
Common stock issuable: 608,646 and 607,128 shares, respectively
12,782  12,307 
Capital surplus 2,697,671  2,306,366 
Retained earnings 596,617  508,844 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (332,505) (329,488)
Total shareholders' equity 3,183,824  2,700,674 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 26,869,207  $ 24,008,884 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
5


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Interest revenue:    
Loans, including fees $ 273,781  $ 174,065  $ 760,696  $ 476,072 
Investment securities, including tax exempt of $1,722, $2,568, $5,563 and $7,762, respectively
44,729  36,953  125,775  91,043 
Deposits in banks and short-term investments 4,637  2,869  11,938  5,209 
Total interest revenue 323,147  213,887  898,409  572,324 
Interest expense:
Deposits 116,733  9,880  263,811  17,313 
Short-term borrowings 189  27  3,186  27 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances —  —  5,761  — 
Long-term debt 3,669  4,206  11,339  12,515 
Total interest expense 120,591  14,113  284,097  29,855 
Net interest revenue 202,556  199,774  614,312  542,469 
Provision for credit losses 30,268  15,392  74,804  44,082 
Net interest revenue after provision for credit losses 172,288  184,382  539,508  498,387 
Noninterest income:
Service charges and fees 10,315  9,569  28,791  28,644 
Mortgage loan gains and other related fees 6,159  6,297  17,264  29,420 
Wealth management fees 6,451  5,879  17,775  17,759 
Gains from sales of other loans, net 2,688  2,228  6,909  9,226 
Lending and loan servicing fees 2,985  2,946  9,979  7,518 
Securities losses, net —  —  (1,644) (3,688)
Other 3,379  5,003  19,499  15,474 
Total noninterest income 31,977  31,922  98,573  104,353 
Total revenue 204,265  216,304  638,081  602,740 
Noninterest expenses:
Salaries and employee benefits 81,173  67,823  236,121  208,062 
Communications and equipment 10,902  8,795  31,654  27,718 
Occupancy 10,941  9,138  31,024  27,381 
Advertising and public relations 2,251  2,544  6,914  6,332 
Postage, printing and supplies 2,386  2,190  7,305  6,308 
Professional fees 7,006  4,821  19,670  14,670 
Lending and loan servicing expense 2,697  2,333  7,546  7,746 
Outside services - electronic banking 2,561  3,159  8,646  8,629 
FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges 4,314  2,356  12,457  6,796 
Amortization of intangibles 4,171  1,678  11,120  5,207 
Merger-related and other charges 9,168  1,746  21,444  17,905 
Other 6,904  6,172  22,785  16,066 
Total noninterest expenses 144,474  112,755  416,686  352,820 
Income before income taxes 59,791  103,549  221,395  249,920 
Income tax expense 11,925  22,388  47,941  53,898 
Net income $ 47,866  $ 81,161  $ 173,454  $ 196,022 
Net income available to common shareholders $ 46,775  $ 79,035  $ 168,245  $ 189,858 
Net income per common share:
Basic $ 0.39  $ 0.74  $ 1.44  $ 1.78 
Diluted 0.39  0.74  1.44  1.78 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic 119,506  106,687  116,925  106,616 
Diluted 119,624  106,800  117,084  106,732 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited). 
6


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
Before-tax
Amount
Tax
(Expense)
Benefit
Net of Tax
Amount
Before-tax
Amount
Tax
(Expense)
Benefit
Net of Tax
Amount
2023
Net income $ 59,791  $ (11,925) $ 47,866  $ 221,395  $ (47,941) $ 173,454 
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding losses (38,209) 8,900  (29,309) (14,683) 3,398  (11,285)
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income —  —  —  1,644  (374) 1,270 
Net unrealized losses (38,209) 8,900  (29,309) (13,039) 3,024  (10,015)
Amortization of unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities transferred from available-for-sale 2,478  (593) 1,885  7,964  (1,917) 6,047 
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gains on derivatives 1,091  (279) 812  3,192  (815) 2,377 
Gains on derivative instruments realized in net income (42) 11  (31) (2,098) 536  (1,562)
Net cash flow hedge activity 1,049  (268) 781  1,094  (279) 815 
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components 61  (16) 45  183  (47) 136 
Total other comprehensive loss (34,621) 8,023  (26,598) (3,798) 781  (3,017)
Comprehensive income $ 25,170  $ (3,902) $ 21,268  $ 217,597  $ (47,160) $ 170,437 
2022
Net income $ 103,549  $ (22,388) $ 81,161  $ 249,920  $ (53,898) $ 196,022 
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding losses (104,754) 24,495  (80,259) (429,607) 101,269  (328,338)
Reclassification of securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity —  —  —  87,444  (20,770) 66,674 
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income —  —  —  3,688  (979) 2,709 
Net unrealized losses (104,754) 24,495  (80,259) (338,475) 79,520  (258,955)
Unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities transferred from available-for-sale:
  Reclassification of unrealized losses —  —  —  (87,444) 20,770  (66,674)
  Amortization of unrealized losses 4,473  (1,073) 3,400  6,242  (1,495) 4,747 
Net activity 4,473  (1,073) 3,400  (81,202) 19,275  (61,927)
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gains on derivatives 5,034  (1,286) 3,748  12,914  (3,299) 9,615 
Losses on derivative instruments realized in net income 48  (12) 36  295  (75) 220 
Net cash flow hedge activity 5,082  (1,298) 3,784  13,209  (3,374) 9,835 
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components 169  (43) 126  510  (130) 380 
Total other comprehensive loss (95,030) 22,081  (72,949) (405,958) 95,291  (310,667)
Comprehensive income (loss) $ 8,519  $ (307) $ 8,212  $ (156,038) $ 41,393  $ (114,645)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
7


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(in thousands except share data) 
Shares of Common Stock Preferred Stock Common Stock Common Stock Issuable Capital Surplus Retained Earnings Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Total
Balance at June 30, 2022 106,033,960  $ 96,422  $ 106,034  $ 11,448  $ 2,304,608  $ 396,970  $ (264,194) $ 2,651,288 
Net income 81,161  81,161 
Other comprehensive loss (72,949) (72,949)
Preferred stock dividends (1,719) (1,719)
Common stock dividends ($0.22 per share)
(23,624) (23,624)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards 126,400  126  389  (168) 347 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans 2,501  129  74  206 
Balance at September 30, 2022 106,162,861  $ 96,422  $ 106,163  $ 11,966  $ 2,304,514  $ 452,788  $ (337,143) $ 2,634,710 
Balance at June 30, 2023 115,265,912  $ 96,165  $ 115,266  $ 12,228  $ 2,610,523  $ 577,316  $ (305,907) $ 3,105,591 
Net income 47,866  47,866 
Other comprehensive loss (26,598) (26,598)
Impact of acquisitions 3,508,604  3,508  84,171  87,679 
Preferred stock dividends (1,624) (1,624)
Common stock dividends ($0.23 per share)
(27,733) (27,733)
Purchases of preferred stock (5,882) 792  (5,090)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards 197,700  198  411  2,895  3,504 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans 3,436  143  82  229 
Balance at September 30, 2023 118,975,652  $ 90,283  $ 118,976  $ 12,782  $ 2,697,671  $ 596,617  $ (332,505) $ 3,183,824 
Balance at December 31, 2021 89,349,826  $ 96,422  $ 89,350  $ 11,288  $ 1,721,007  $ 330,654  $ (26,476) $ 2,222,245 
Net income 196,022  196,022 
Other comprehensive loss (310,667) (310,667)
Impact of acquisitions 16,571,545  16,571  579,805  596,376 
Preferred stock dividends (5,157) (5,157)
Common stock dividends ($0.64 per share)
(68,731) (68,731)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards 175,843  176  1,843  2,885  4,904 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans 65,647  66  (1,165) 817  (282)
Balance at September 30, 2022 106,162,861  $ 96,422  $ 106,163  $ 11,966  $ 2,304,514  $ 452,788  $ (337,143) $ 2,634,710 
Balance at December 31, 2022 106,222,758  $ 96,422  $ 106,223  $ 12,307  $ 2,306,366  $ 508,844  $ (329,488) $ 2,700,674 
Net income 173,454  173,454 
Other comprehensive loss (3,017) (3,017)
Impact of acquisitions 12,279,135  12,279  381,861  394,140 
Purchases of preferred stock (6,139) 35  792  (5,312)
Preferred stock dividends (5,062) (5,062)
Common stock dividends ($0.69 per share)
(81,411) (81,411)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards 430,002  430  1,034  8,784  10,248 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans 43,757  44  (559) 625  110 
Balance at September 30, 2023 118,975,652  $ 90,283  $ 118,976  $ 12,782  $ 2,697,671  $ 596,617  $ (332,505) $ 3,183,824 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
8


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022
Operating activities:    
Net income $ 173,454  $ 196,022 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net 34,027  34,707 
Provision for credit losses 74,804  44,082 
Stock based compensation 7,093  6,649 
Deferred income tax expense 14,645  6,063 
Securities losses, net 1,644  3,688 
Gains from sales of other loans (6,909) (9,226)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Other assets (16,935) (2,072)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 11,796  92,084 
Loans held for sale (21,423) 136,405 
Net cash provided by operating activities 272,196  508,402 
Investing activities:
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
Proceeds from maturities and calls 100,396  140,253 
Purchases —  (326,494)
Debt securities available-for-sale:
Proceeds from sales 595,234  281,521 
Proceeds from maturities and calls 421,924  493,848 
Purchases (295,054) (1,665,466)
Net increase in loans (875,223) (772,740)
Equity investments, outflows (134,439) (29,685)
Equity investments, inflows 124,056  17,336 
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment 2,529  4,846 
Purchases of premises and equipment (59,157) (26,300)
Net cash received in acquisition 207,566  35,243 
Net cash paid for whole branch disposal (93,613) — 
Other investing inflows 3,413  3,997 
Net cash used in investing activities (2,368) (1,843,641)
Financing activities:
Net increase (decrease) in deposits 886,440  (423,750)
Net decrease in short-term borrowings (310,267) — 
Proceeds from FHLB advances 2,225,000  — 
Repayment of FHLB advances (2,870,000) — 
Cash dividends on common stock (77,352) (63,256)
Cash dividends on preferred stock (5,062) (5,157)
Other financing inflows 5,405  560 
Other financing outflows (11,340) (7,648)
Net cash used in financing activities (157,176) (499,251)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 112,652  (1,834,490)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 646,853  2,318,510 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 759,505  $ 484,020 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited). 
9

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Note 1 – Basis of Presentation and Updates to Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation 
United’s accounting and financial reporting policies conform to GAAP and reporting guidelines of banking regulatory authorities. The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements have not been audited. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. A more detailed description of United’s accounting policies is included in its 2022 10-K.
 
In management’s opinion, all accounting adjustments necessary to accurately reflect the financial position and results of operations on the accompanying financial statements have been made. These adjustments are normal and recurring accruals considered necessary for a fair and accurate presentation. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or any other interim periods. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in United’s 2022 10-K.

Updates to Significant Accounting Policies
Effective January 1, 2023, United adopted ASU 2022-02, which updated the guidance on modifications to financing receivables by effectively replacing the concept of troubled debt restructurings with a new concept, loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. See Note 2 for further detail. Below summarizes the policy surrounding FDMs.

FDMs: A loan for which the terms have been modified as a result of the borrower experiencing financial difficulty is generally considered to be a FDM. Modified terms that result in a FDM include one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the term or amortization period, a more than insignificant payment delay or principal forgiveness. The ACL on FDMs is calculated using the same method as other loans held for investment.

Note 2 – Accounting Standards Updates and Recently Adopted Standards

Recently Adopted Standards
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from contracts with Customers. The update requires that an acquiring entity apply the guidance from Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination, rather than fair value. Adoption of this update as of January 1, 2023 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method. The update expands the current last-of-layer method to a portfolio layer method which allows multiple hedged layers of a single closed portfolio and non-prepayable financial assets. In addition, the update specifies that eligible hedging instruments may include spot-starting or forward-starting swaps and that the number of hedged layers corresponds with the number of hedges designated. Finally, the update provides additional guidance on the accounting for and disclosure of hedge basis adjustments. Adoption of this update as of January 1, 2023 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The update eliminates the previous accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The update also requires that an entity disclose current-period gross charge-offs by year of origination. United adopted this update using a modified retrospective transition method as of January 1, 2023. The quantitative impact of adoption related to the CECL calculation for FDMs was not material; thus, no corresponding cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings was recorded.

Recently Issued Standards
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No 2023-02, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. The update broadens the application of the proportional amortization method to tax equity investments other than LIHTC, providing certain conditions are met. The election to apply the proportional amortization method must be made on a tax-credit-program by tax-credit-program basis rather than at the reporting entity level or to individual investments. The update also requires certain disclosures related to those investments for which the proportional amortization method has been applied. For public entities, this guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. United does not expect the new guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU No 2023-05, Business Combinations - Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement. The update addresses the accounting for contributions made to a joint venture, upon formation, in a joint venture’s separate financial statements.
10

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Specifically, a joint venture must apply a new basis of accounting upon formation and will initially measure its assets and liabilities at fair value. This guidance is effective prospectively for all joint venture formations dated on or after January 1, 2025. United does not expect the new guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The update clarifies or improves disclosure and presentation requirements for a variety of topics, including cash flows from derivative instruments, methods used in the diluted earnings per share computation and weighted-average interest rates on short term borrowings, This guidance is effective prospectively from the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective. United does not expect the new guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 3 – Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The supplemental schedule of significant non-cash investing and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows (in thousands).
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022
Significant non-cash investing and financing transactions:
Commitments to fund equity investments $ 16,410  $ — 
Transfers of AFS securities to HTM securities —  1,288,982 
Acquisitions:
  Assets acquired 2,922,243  3,254,173 
  Liabilities assumed 2,527,654  2,657,173 
  Net assets acquired 394,589  597,000 
  Common stock issued and options converted 394,140  596,376 

11

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 4 – Acquisitions

Acquisition of First Miami
On July 1, 2023, United acquired all of the outstanding common stock of First Miami in a stock transaction. First Miami operated three branches in the Miami metropolitan area, which facilitated United’s expansion within that market. United’s operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 include the operating results of the acquired business for the period subsequent to the acquisition date of July 1, 2023.
 
The purchased assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their acquisition date fair values and are summarized in the table below (dollars in thousands). 
First Miami
Fair Value Recorded by United (1)
  July 1, 2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 150,467 
Debt securities 216,703 
Loans held for investment 577,183 
Premises and equipment 11,905 
Core deposit intangible 17,950 
Other assets 20,909 
Total assets acquired 995,117 
Liabilities
Deposits 865,387 
Short-term borrowings 47,664 
Other liabilities 17,581 
Total liabilities assumed 930,632 
Total identifiable net assets 64,485 
Consideration transferred
Cash
Common stock issued (3,508,604 shares)
87,679 
Total fair value of consideration transferred 87,681 
Goodwill $ 23,196 

(1) Fair values are preliminary and are subject to refinement for a period not to exceed one year after the closing date of an acquisition as information relative to closing date fair values becomes available.

Goodwill represents the intangible value of First Miami’s business and reputation within the markets it served and is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The First Miami core deposit intangible will be amortized over its expected useful life of 10 years using the sum-of-the-years-digits method.

The following table presents additional information related to the acquired First Miami loan portfolio at the acquisition date (in thousands).
July 1, 2023
PCD Loans
Par value $ 94,902 
ACL at acquisition (3,717)
Non-credit discount (6,607)
Purchase price $ 84,578 
Non- PCD:
Fair value $ 492,605 
Gross contractual amounts receivable 622,181 
Estimate of contractual cash flows not expected to be collected 7,012 
12

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Acquisition of Progress
On January 3, 2023, United acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Progress in a stock transaction. Progress operated 13 offices primarily located in Alabama and the Florida Panhandle, which facilitated United’s growth into those markets. United’s operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 include the operating results of the acquired business for the period subsequent to the acquisition date of January 3, 2023.

The purchased assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their acquisition date fair values and are summarized in the table below (dollars in thousands). 
Progress
Fair Value Recorded by United (1)
  January 3, 2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 57,548 
Debt securities 111,006 
Loans held for sale 2,087 
Loans held for investment 1,442,959 
Premises and equipment 21,118 
Bank-owned life insurance 40,723 
Core deposit intangible 39,980 
Other assets 42,965 
Total assets acquired 1,758,386 
Liabilities
Deposits 1,334,476 
Short-term borrowings 141,017 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 95,000 
Other liabilities 26,529 
Total liabilities assumed 1,597,022 
Total identifiable net assets 161,364 
Consideration transferred
Cash 447 
Common stock issued (8,770,531 shares)
296,444 
Options converted 10,017 
Total fair value of consideration transferred 306,908 
Goodwill $ 145,544 

(1) Fair values are preliminary and are subject to refinement for a period not to exceed one year after the closing date of an acquisition as information relative to closing date fair values becomes available.

Goodwill represents the intangible value of Progress’ business and reputation within the markets it served and is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The Progress core deposit intangible will be amortized over its expected useful life of 10 years using the sum-of-the-years-digits method.











13

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents additional information related to the acquired Progress loan portfolio at the acquisition date (in thousands).

January 3, 2023
PCD loans:
Par value $ 64,913 
ACL at acquisition (2,704)
Non-credit discount (150)
Purchase price $ 62,059 
Non-PCD loans:
Fair value $ 1,380,900 
Gross contractual amounts receivable 1,626,243 
Estimate of contractual cash flows not expected to be collected 9,287 

Pro forma information
 
The following table discloses the impact of the First Miami and Progress acquisitions since their respective dates of acquisition. The table also presents certain pro forma information as if First Miami and Progress had been acquired on January 1, 2022 and Reliant had been acquired on January 1, 2021. These results combine the historical results of the acquired entities with United’s consolidated statement of income. Adjustments were made for the estimated impact of certain fair value adjustments and other acquisition-related activity; however pro forma financial results presented are not necessarily indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisitions taken place in earlier years.

Merger-related costs related to the First Miami acquisition for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 of $6.53 million and $6.91 million, respectively, have been excluded from the pro forma information for those periods presented below and included in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 pro forma information. Merger-related costs related to the Progress acquisition for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 of $182,000 and $9.96 million, respectively, have been excluded from the pro forma information for those periods presented below and included in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 pro forma information. Merger-related costs related to the Reliant acquisition for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 of $760,000 and $14.8 million, respectively, have been excluded from the pro forma information presented below. The actual results and pro forma information were as follows (in thousands):
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  Revenue Net Income Revenue Net Income
2023    
Actual Progress results included in statement of income since acquisition date $ 16,934  $ 7,569  $ 41,555  $ 12,667 
Actual First Miami results included in statement of income since acquisition date 3,488  (3,330) 3,488  (3,330)
Supplemental consolidated pro forma as if Progress and First Miami had been acquired January 1, 2022 207,523  55,538  667,155  197,929 
2022
Actual Reliant results included in statement of income since acquisition date $ 29,618  $ 16,516  $ 72,685  $ 32,931 
Supplemental consolidated pro forma as if Progress and First Miami had been acquired January 1, 2022 and Reliant had been acquired January 1, 2021 $ 246,612  $ 83,642  $ 691,694  $ 215,264 


14

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 5 – Investment Securities

The amortized cost basis, unrealized gains and losses and fair value of HTM debt securities as of the dates indicated are as follows (in thousands).
Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
As of September 30, 2023        
U.S. Treasuries $ 19,857  $ —  $ 2,591  $ 17,266 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 98,989  —  21,216  77,773 
State and political subdivisions 294,187  71,485  222,706 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 1,407,762  —  277,747  1,130,015 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 682,978  —  150,248  532,730 
Supranational entities 15,000  —  3,126  11,874 
Total $ 2,518,773  $ $ 526,413  $ 1,992,364 
As of December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasuries $ 19,834  $ —  $ 2,417  $ 17,417 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 99,679  —  18,169  81,510 
State and political subdivisions 295,945  56  64,340  231,661 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 1,488,028  35  223,566  1,264,497 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 695,162  —  111,586  583,576 
Supranational entities $ 15,000  $ —  $ 2,588  $ 12,412 
Total $ 2,613,648  $ 91  $ 422,666  $ 2,191,073 

The amortized cost basis, unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt securities as of the dates indicated are presented below (in thousands). During the second quarter of 2023, United entered into fair value hedges on stated amounts of a closed portfolio of AFS debt securities using the portfolio layer method, which is further explained in Note 7.
Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
As of September 30, 2023        
U.S. Treasuries $ 297,943  $ 25  $ 14,138  $ 283,830 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 242,642  255  18,202  224,695 
State and political subdivisions 183,261  —  27,016  156,245 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 1,408,719  16  185,026  1,223,709 
Residential MBS, Non-agency 352,872  —  30,159  322,713 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 666,283  —  90,653  575,630 
Commercial MBS, Non-agency 27,633  —  1,203  26,430 
Corporate bonds 218,584  84  23,863  194,805 
Asset-backed securities 177,876  3,822  174,055 
Total 3,575,813  381  394,082  3,182,112 
As of December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasuries $ 163,972  $ —  $ 14,620  $ 149,352 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 266,347  463  16,694  250,116 
State and political subdivisions 329,723  151  26,126  303,748 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 1,609,442  13  160,636  1,448,819 
Residential MBS, Non-agency 374,535  —  27,873  346,662 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 720,282  471  79,407  641,346 
Commercial MBS, Non-agency 31,624  —  1,058  30,566 
Corporate bonds 236,181  34  23,763  212,452 
Asset-backed securities 239,220  —  7,948  231,272 
Total $ 3,971,326  $ 1,132  $ 358,125  $ 3,614,333 
 
15

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Securities with a carrying value of $4.17 billion and $2.53 billion were pledged, primarily to secure public deposits and provide contingent liquidity through the Bank Term Funding Program at the Federal Reserve Bank, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The following table summarizes HTM debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of the dates indicated (in thousands).
  Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
As of September 30, 2023            
U.S. Treasuries $ —  $ —  $ 17,266  $ 2,591  $ 17,266  $ 2,591 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs —  —  77,773  21,216  77,773  21,216 
State and political subdivisions 18,580  660  203,422  70,825  222,002  71,485 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 1,763  44  1,128,250  277,703  1,130,013  277,747 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 6,019  655  526,711  149,593  532,730  150,248 
Supranational entities —  —  11,874  3,126  11,874  3,126 
Total unrealized loss position $ 26,362  $ 1,359  $ 1,965,296  $ 525,054  $ 1,991,658  $ 526,413 
As of December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasuries $ 17,417  $ 2,417  $ —  $ —  $ 17,417  $ 2,417 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 10,687  1,813  70,823  16,356  81,510  18,169 
State and political subdivisions 104,243  20,639  117,115  43,701  221,358  64,340 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 296,673  38,289  965,785  185,277  1,262,458  223,566 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 176,848  24,497  406,728  87,089  583,576  111,586 
Supranational entities 12,412  2,588  —  —  12,412  2,588 
Total unrealized loss position $ 618,280  $ 90,243  $ 1,560,451  $ 332,423  $ 2,178,731  $ 422,666 
 
The following table summarizes AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of the dates indicated (in thousands).
  Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
Fair Value Unrealized
Loss
As of September 30, 2023            
U.S. Treasuries $ 24,860  $ $ 100,267  $ 14,135  $ 125,127  $ 14,138 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 33,990  155  163,009  18,047  196,999  18,202 
State and political subdivisions 764  155,480  27,011  156,244  27,016 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 51,018  669  1,166,396  184,357  1,217,414  185,026 
Residential MBS, Non-agency —  —  322,713  30,159  322,713  30,159 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 63,198  2,876  512,431  87,777  575,629  90,653 
Commercial MBS, Non-agency —  —  26,430  1,203  26,430  1,203 
Corporate bonds 4,277  351  187,132  23,512  191,409  23,863 
Asset-backed securities 8,766  45  161,689  3,777  170,455  3,822 
Total unrealized loss position $ 186,873  $ 4,104  $ 2,795,547  $ 389,978  $ 2,982,420  $ 394,082 
As of December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasuries $ 49,259  $ 724  $ 100,093  $ 13,896  $ 149,352  $ 14,620 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 93,015  2,124  108,093  14,570  201,108  16,694 
State and political subdivisions 207,749  9,906  62,606  16,220  270,355  26,126 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs 1,049,648  102,852  392,288  57,784  1,441,936  160,636 
Residential MBS, Non-agency 338,399  27,095  8,263  778  346,662  27,873 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs 288,787  17,304  332,088  62,103  620,875  79,407 
Commercial MBS, Non-agency 30,566  1,058  —  —  30,566  1,058 
Corporate bonds 83,010  7,776  127,603  15,987  210,613  23,763 
Asset-backed securities 97,705  2,664  133,567  5,284  231,272  7,948 
Total unrealized loss position $ 2,238,138  $ 171,503  $ 1,264,601  $ 186,622  $ 3,502,739  $ 358,125 
 
16

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

At September 30, 2023, there were 672 AFS debt securities and 331 HTM debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position. United does not intend to sell nor does it believe it will be required to sell securities in an unrealized loss position prior to the recovery of their amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses at September 30, 2023 were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, estimated credit losses and, thus, the related ACL on HTM debt securities were de minimis due to the high credit quality of the portfolio, which included securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies, GSEs, high credit quality municipalities and supranational entities. As a result, no ACL was recorded on the HTM portfolio at September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. In addition, based on the assessments performed at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was no ACL required related to the AFS portfolio.

The following table presents accrued interest receivable for the periods indicated on HTM and AFS debt securities (in thousands), which was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Accrued Interest Receivable
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
HTM $ 6,040  $ 7,234 
AFS 10,983  15,281 

The amortized cost and fair value of AFS and HTM debt securities at September 30, 2023, by contractual maturity, are presented in the following table (in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers and borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. 
  AFS HTM
  Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value
Within 1 year:
U.S. Treasuries $ 183,791  $ 183,807  $ —  $ — 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 284  280  —  — 
State and political subdivisions 2,019  1,969  1,200  1,198 
Corporate bonds 9,601  9,316  —  — 
195,695  195,372  1,200  1,198 
1 to 5 years:
U.S. Treasuries 114,152  100,023  19,857  17,266 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 39,182  35,445  —  — 
State and political subdivisions 26,560  23,998  28,316  25,992 
Corporate bonds 155,080  139,674  —  — 
334,974  299,140  48,173  43,258 
5 to 10 years:
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 66,994  57,698  72,566  58,057 
State and political subdivisions 49,741  39,977  42,809  34,348 
Corporate bonds 53,099  44,945  —  — 
Supranational entities —  —  15,000  11,874 
169,834  142,620  130,375  104,279 
More than 10 years:
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 136,182  131,272  26,423  19,716 
State and political subdivisions 104,941  90,301  221,862  161,168 
Corporate bonds 804  870  —  — 
241,927  222,443  248,285  180,884 
Debt securities not due at a single maturity date:
Asset-backed securities 177,876  174,055  —  — 
Residential MBS 1,761,591  1,546,422  1,407,762  1,130,015 
Commercial MBS 693,916  602,060  682,978  532,730 
2,633,383  2,322,537  2,090,740  1,662,745 
Total $ 3,575,813  $ 3,182,112  $ 2,518,773  $ 1,992,364 

17

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Realized gains and losses are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. The following table summarizes AFS securities sales activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands).

  Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2023 2022 2023 2022
Proceeds from sales $ 214,573  $ —  $ 595,234  $ 281,521 
Gross realized gains $ —  $ —  $ 1,373  $ 1,009 
Gross realized losses —  —  (3,017) (4,697)
Securities gains (losses), net $ —  $ —  $ (1,644) $ (3,688)
Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to sales $ —  $ —  $ (374) $ (979)

Investment securities sold in the third quarter of 2023 were those received through the First Miami acquisition. The securities were sold within a few days of the acquisition date and therefore resulted in no gain or loss as the sales price confirmed the value on the acquisition date.

Note 6 – Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
 
Major classifications of the loan and lease portfolio (collectively referred to as the “loan portfolio” or “loans”) are summarized as of the dates indicated as follows (in thousands).
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 3,278,582  $ 2,734,666 
Income producing commercial real estate 4,130,099  3,261,626 
Commercial & industrial 2,504,330  2,252,322 
Commercial construction 1,849,507  1,597,848 
Equipment financing 1,534,352  1,374,251 
Total commercial 13,296,870  11,220,713 
Residential mortgage 3,043,120  2,355,061 
Home equity 940,729  850,269 
Residential construction 398,765  442,553 
Manufactured housing 343,219  316,741 
Consumer 180,104  149,290 
Total loans 18,202,807  15,334,627 
Less allowance for credit losses - loans (201,557) (159,357)
Loans, net $ 18,001,250  $ 15,175,270 

Accrued interest receivable related to loans totaled $63.1 million and $52.0 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the loan portfolio was subject to blanket pledges on certain qualifying loan types with the FHLB and FRB to secure contingent funding sources.

The following table presents the amortized cost of certain loans held for investment that were sold in the periods indicated (in thousands). The gains on these loan sales were included in noninterest income on the consolidated statements of income.
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Guaranteed portion of SBA/USDA loans $ 26,381  $ 20,405  $ 70,223  $ 87,867 
Equipment financing receivables 37,671  21,557  76,945  65,534 
Total $ 64,052  $ 41,962  $ 147,168  $ 153,401 
  
18

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, equipment financing receivables included leases of $65.7 million and $46.0 million, respectively. The components of the net investment in leases, which included both sales-type and direct financing, are presented below (in thousands).
  September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Minimum future lease payments receivable $ 71,773  $ 49,723 
Estimated residual value of leased equipment 3,971  2,804 
Initial direct costs 1,349  767 
Security deposits (418) (429)
Unearned income (10,997) (6,877)
Net investment in leases $ 65,678  $ 45,988 

Minimum future lease payments expected to be received from equipment financing lease contracts as of September 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): 
Year  
Remainder of 2023 $ 6,138 
2024 22,773 
2025 18,549 
2026 13,320 
2027 8,589 
Thereafter 2,404 
Total $ 71,773 

19

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in loans by aging category and accrual status as of the dates indicated (in thousands). Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due.
  Accruing
Current Loans Loans Past Due
30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days > 90 Days Nonaccrual Loans Total Loans
As of September 30, 2023
Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 3,271,847  $ 1,303  $ 298  $ —  $ 5,134  $ 3,278,582 
Income producing commercial real estate 4,099,376  409  59  —  30,255  4,130,099 
Commercial & industrial 2,485,006  5,575  367  —  13,382  2,504,330 
Commercial construction 1,848,362  80  —  —  1,065  1,849,507 
Equipment financing 1,517,824  4,068  3,254  —  9,206  1,534,352 
Total commercial 13,222,415  11,435  3,978  —  59,042  13,296,870 
Residential mortgage 3,026,653  3,995  579  —  11,893  3,043,120 
Home equity 934,376  1,285  1,057  4,009  940,729 
Residential construction 394,566  2,125  —  —  2,074  398,765 
Manufactured housing 317,831  10,388  2,289  —  12,711  343,219 
Consumer 179,314  498  203  —  89  180,104 
Total loans $ 18,075,155  $ 29,726  $ 8,106  $ $ 89,818  $ 18,202,807 
As of December 31, 2022
Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 2,731,574  $ 1,522  $ 1,047  $ —  $ 523  $ 2,734,666 
Income producing commercial real estate 3,257,232  468  41  —  3,885  3,261,626 
Commercial & industrial 2,234,284  3,288  274  14,470  2,252,322 
Commercial construction 1,597,268  447  —  —  133  1,597,848 
Equipment financing 1,362,622  4,285  1,906  —  5,438  1,374,251 
Total commercial 11,182,980  10,010  3,268  24,449  11,220,713 
Residential mortgage 2,342,196  1,939  —  10,919  2,355,061 
Home equity 844,888  2,709  784  —  1,888  850,269 
Residential construction 441,673  20  455  —  405  442,553 
Manufactured housing 302,386  6,913  924  —  6,518  316,741 
Consumer 148,943  237  48  53  149,290 
Total loans $ 15,263,066  $ 21,828  $ 5,486  $ 15  $ 44,232  $ 15,334,627 

The following table presents nonaccrual loans held for investment by loan class for the periods indicated (in thousands). 
Nonaccrual Loans
  September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
With no allowance With an allowance Total With no allowance With an allowance Total
Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 4,702  $ 432  $ 5,134  $ 276  $ 247  $ 523 
Income producing commercial real estate 11,117  19,138  30,255  3,798  87  3,885 
Commercial & industrial 11,448  1,934  13,382  13,917  553  14,470 
Commercial construction 1,004  61  1,065  69  64  133 
Equipment financing 19  9,187  9,206  85  5,353  5,438 
Total commercial 28,290  30,752  59,042  18,145  6,304  24,449 
Residential mortgage 2,222  9,671  11,893  2,159  8,760  10,919 
Home equity 1,405  2,604  4,009  430  1,458  1,888 
Residential construction 1,405  669  2,074  311  94  405 
Manufactured housing —  12,711  12,711  —  6,518  6,518 
Consumer 88  89  50  53 
Total $ 33,323  $ 56,495  $ 89,818  $ 21,048  $ 23,184  $ 44,232 
20

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Risk Ratings 
United categorizes commercial loans, with the exception of equipment financing receivables, into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, public information, and current industry and economic trends, among other factors. United analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a continual basis. United uses the following definitions for its risk ratings:

Pass. Loans in this category are considered to have a low probability of default and do not meet the criteria of the risk categories below.

Special Mention. Loans in this category are presently protected from apparent loss; however, weaknesses exist that could cause future impairment, including the deterioration of financial ratios, past due status and questionable management capabilities. These loans require more than the ordinary amount of supervision. Collateral values generally afford adequate coverage, but may not be immediately marketable.

Substandard. These loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged. Specific and well-defined weaknesses exist that may include poor liquidity and deterioration of financial ratios. The loan may be past due and related deposit accounts experiencing overdrafts. There is the distinct possibility that United will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. If possible, immediate corrective action is taken.

Doubtful. Specific weaknesses characterized as Substandard that are severe enough to make collection in full highly questionable and improbable. There is no reliable secondary source of full repayment.
 
Loss. Loans categorized as Loss have the same characteristics as Doubtful; however, probability of loss is certain. Loans classified as Loss are charged off.
 
Equipment Financing Receivables and Consumer Purpose Loans. United applies a pass / fail grading system to all equipment financing receivables and consumer purpose loans. Under this system, loans that are on nonaccrual status, become past due 90 days, or are in bankruptcy and 30 or more days past due are classified as “fail” and all other loans are classified as “pass”. For reporting purposes, loans in these categories that are classified as “fail” are reported as substandard and all other loans are reported as pass.

21

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables present the risk category of term loans and, for 2023, gross charge-offs by vintage year, which is the year of origination or most recent renewal, as of the date indicated (in thousands).
Term Loans by Origination Year Revolvers Revolvers converted to term loans Total
As of September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior
Owner occupied commercial real estate
Pass $ 548,702  $ 697,407  $ 648,517  $ 591,130  $ 212,522  $ 369,305  $ 108,956  $ 17,900  $ 3,194,439 
Special Mention 2,739  5,515  4,189  5,859  9,722  3,045  —  256  31,325 
Substandard 6,908  7,611  4,345  13,341  4,981  11,587  1,327  2,718  52,818 
Total owner occupied commercial real estate $ 558,349  $ 710,533  $ 657,051  $ 610,330  $ 227,225  $ 383,937  $ 110,283  $ 20,874  $ 3,278,582 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 207  $ —  $ —  $ 656  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 863 
Income producing commercial real estate
Pass $ 480,148  $ 943,710  $ 798,023  $ 761,973  $ 306,892  $ 466,308  $ 56,787  $ 12,413  $ 3,826,254 
Special Mention 42,427  37,350  19,078  26,535  35,108  9,627  —  —  170,125 
Substandard 37,236  20,604  8,061  20,766  17,418  29,579  —  56  133,720 
Total income producing commercial real estate $ 559,811  $ 1,001,664  $ 825,162  $ 809,274  $ 359,418  $ 505,514  $ 56,787  $ 12,469  $ 4,130,099 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 3,033  $ 2,534  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 2,291  $ —  $ —  $ 7,858 
Commercial & industrial
Pass $ 536,057  $ 475,831  $ 316,737  $ 141,890  $ 105,098  $ 172,251  $ 583,560  $ 14,397  $ 2,345,821 
Special Mention 5,901  2,843  3,788  5,624  8,490  776  25,636  294  53,352 
Substandard 18,786  5,802  25,867  6,583  4,265  2,060  39,830  1,964  105,157 
Total commercial & industrial $ 560,744  $ 484,476  $ 346,392  $ 154,097  $ 117,853  $ 175,087  $ 649,026  $ 16,655  $ 2,504,330 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 5,433  $ 1,551  $ 13,056  $ 2,379  $ 315  $ 41  $ —  $ 1,578  $ 24,353 
Commercial construction
Pass $ 508,200  $ 668,556  $ 333,915  $ 177,196  $ 58,028  $ 29,494  $ 56,061  $ 899  $ 1,832,349 
Special Mention 57  129  50  —  —  —  —  244 
Substandard 6,612  1,004  6,838  2,136  —  87  —  237  16,914 
Total commercial construction $ 514,869  $ 669,689  $ 340,761  $ 179,382  $ 58,028  $ 29,581  $ 56,061  $ 1,136  $ 1,849,507 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Equipment financing
Pass $ 557,422  $ 544,029  $ 266,554  $ 99,360  $ 51,089  $ 5,637  $ —  $ —  $ 1,524,091 
Substandard 961  4,106  2,996  1,287  880  31  —  —  10,261 
Total equipment financing $ 558,383  $ 548,135  $ 269,550  $ 100,647  $ 51,969  $ 5,668  $ —  $ —  $ 1,534,352 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 32  $ 6,840  $ 5,818  $ 1,244  $ 748  $ 312  $ —  $ —  $ 14,994 
Residential mortgage
Pass $ 652,060  $ 959,694  $ 746,217  $ 326,186  $ 86,697  $ 254,232  $ 402  $ 3,468  $ 3,028,956 
Substandard 443  2,499  1,573  887  1,565  6,944  —  253  14,164 
Total residential mortgage $ 652,503  $ 962,193  $ 747,790  $ 327,073  $ 88,262  $ 261,176  $ 402  $ 3,721  $ 3,043,120 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 23  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 38  $ —  $ —  $ 61 
Home equity
Pass $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 909,429  $ 27,059  $ 936,488 
Substandard —  —  —  —  —  —  38  4,203  4,241 
Total home equity $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 909,467  $ 31,262  $ 940,729 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 167  $ 167 
Residential construction
Pass $ 213,572  $ 138,093  $ 29,365  $ 5,527  $ 1,203  $ 6,435  $ —  $ 94  $ 394,289 
Substandard 2,639  1,163  425  18  224  —  —  4,476 
Total residential construction $ 216,211  $ 139,256  $ 29,790  $ 5,534  $ 1,221  $ 6,659  $ —  $ 94  $ 398,765 
Current period gross charge-offs $ —  $ 1,111  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,111 
Manufactured housing
Pass $ 45,600  $ 71,672  $ 50,298  $ 45,392  $ 32,324  $ 83,385  $ —  $ —  $ 328,671 
Substandard 436  3,834  3,196  2,214  1,037  3,831  —  —  14,548 
Total consumer $ 46,036  $ 75,506  $ 53,494  $ 47,606  $ 33,361  $ 87,216  $ —  $ —  $ 343,219 
Current period gross charge-offs $ $ 1,097  $ 503  $ 300  $ 205  $ 337  $ —  $ —  $ 2,445 
Consumer
Pass $ 74,136  $ 46,324  $ 20,955  $ 11,624  $ 1,644  $ 1,013  $ 24,053  $ 175  $ 179,924 
Substandard 20  64  56  23  —  17  —  —  180 
Total consumer $ 74,156  $ 46,388  $ 21,011  $ 11,647  $ 1,644  $ 1,030  $ 24,053  $ 175  $ 180,104 
Current period gross charge-offs $ 2,472  $ 120  $ 229  $ 29  $ 14  $ $ $ 141  $ 3,007 

22

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Term Loans Revolvers Revolvers converted to term loans Total
As of December 31, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior
Pass
Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 669,451  $ 671,395  $ 611,900  $ 204,990  $ 127,738  $ 253,890  $ 114,975  $ 5,779  $ 2,660,118 
Income producing commercial real estate 812,804  753,936  733,946  248,259  171,108  255,485  50,026  9,953  3,035,517 
Commercial & industrial 535,594  388,851  186,292  134,789  119,547  71,503  670,161  15,880  2,122,617 
Commercial construction 732,147  391,963  256,087  78,778  11,977  19,973  70,819  1,433  1,563,177 
Equipment financing 714,044  374,030  162,463  93,690  22,753  1,214  —  —  1,368,194 
Total commercial 3,464,040  2,580,175  1,950,688  760,506  453,123  602,065  905,981  33,045  10,749,623 
Residential mortgage 894,960  742,821  329,762  91,300  55,785  223,846  3,133  2,341,615 
Home equity —  —  —  —  —  —  824,153  23,948  848,101 
Residential construction 344,443  82,289  4,478  1,742  1,545  7,549  —  31  442,077 
Manufactured housing 78,097  54,976  48,908  34,836  31,060  61,148  —  —  309,025 
Consumer 71,899  29,322  15,406  3,987  1,837  588  25,963  126  149,128 
4,853,439  3,489,583  2,349,242  892,371  543,350  895,196  1,756,105  60,283  14,839,569 
Special Mention
Owner occupied commercial real estate 4,236  8,036  4,641  10,299  1,232  11,596  3,875  279  44,194 
Income producing commercial real estate 41,423  1,137  44,802  32,821  21,647  50  805  —  142,685 
Commercial & industrial 1,695  21,745  2,686  1,047  1,244  167  10,449  309  39,342 
Commercial construction 850  33  1,640  13,237  4,891  28  —  —  20,679 
Equipment financing —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total commercial 48,204  30,951  53,769  57,404  29,014  11,841  15,129  588  246,900 
Residential mortgage —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Home equity —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Residential construction —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Manufactured housing —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Consumer —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
48,204  30,951  53,769  57,404  29,014  11,841  15,129  588  246,900 
Substandard
Owner occupied commercial real estate 9,835  77  2,873  4,490  1,204  8,055  209  3,611  30,354 
Income producing commercial real estate 52,384  1,357  1,867  4,180  13,209  10,365  —  62  83,424 
Commercial & industrial 10,431  19,477  3,880  4,557  11,019  1,189  39,333  477  90,363 
Commercial construction 133  —  45  3,876  9,693  —  243  13,992 
Equipment financing 1,625  2,160  1,303  705  236  28  —  —  6,057 
Total commercial 74,408  23,071  9,968  13,934  29,544  29,330  39,542  4,393  224,190 
Residential mortgage 1,195  964  1,364  1,836  2,589  5,296  —  202  13,446 
Home equity —  —  —  —  —  —  93  2,075  2,168 
Residential construction 32  268  —  20  153  —  —  476 
Manufactured housing 1,130  1,267  1,427  990  1,188  1,714  —  —  7,716 
Consumer 20  77  34  25  —  162 
76,785  25,647  12,793  16,781  33,349  36,497  39,636  6,670  248,158 
Total $ 4,978,428  $ 3,546,181  $ 2,415,804  $ 966,556  $ 605,713  $ 943,534  $ 1,810,870  $ 67,541  $ 15,334,627 

23

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The period-end amortized cost of loans modified under the terms of a FDM during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is presented in the following table (in thousands).
  New FDMs
  Post-Modification Amortized Cost by Type of Modification
Extension Payment Delay Payment Delay & Extension Rate Reduction & Extension Total % of Total Class of Receivable
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 782  $ 276  $ —  $ —  $ 1,058  —  %
Income producing commercial real estate 38,139  —  —  35,369  73,508  1.8  %
Commercial & industrial 4,029  13,673  1,663  —  19,365  0.8 
Commercial construction —  366  —  —  366  — 
Equipment financing 15,888  —  1,763  —  17,651  1.2 
Residential mortgage 57  —  —  930  987  — 
Residential construction —  —  —  47  47  — 
Manufactured housing —  —  —  256  256  0.1 
Total loans $ 58,895  $ 14,315  $ 3,426  $ 36,602  $ 113,238  0.6 

Equipment financing FDMs typically consist of extensions and/or payment delays in which the borrower receives one or more three-month payment delays and/or extensions beyond the original maturity. For the remainder of extension FDMs occurring during the first nine months of 2023, the weighted average extension granted was approximately 13 months.

Commercial and industrial payment delay FDMs include $2.86 million of loans in bankruptcy status. Excluding bankruptcy status loans, the remainder of FDMs in this category had a weighted average payment delay of approximately three months.

Commercial and industrial payment delay and extension FDMs received a weighted average payment delay of approximately nine months and extensions of less than one year.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, income producing commercial real estate FDMs categorized as rate reduction and extensions resulted in a decrease in weighted average interest rate of 158 basis points and extended the weighted average maturity by two years. Residential mortgage and manufactured housing FDMs resulted in a decrease in weighted average interest rate of 562 basis points and extended the weighted average maturity by 17.5 years.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were $910,000 in equipment financing extension FDMs modified during 2023 that subsequently defaulted under modified loan terms.

Allowance for Credit Losses
The ACL for loans represents management’s estimate of life of loan credit losses in the portfolio as of the end of the period. The ACL related to unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.

At both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, United used a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. Expected credit losses were estimated using a regression model for each segment based on historical data from peer banks combined with a third party vendor’s baseline economic forecast to predict the change in credit losses. These estimates were then combined with a starting value that was based on United’s recent charge-off experience to produce an expected default rate, with the results subject to a floor. In the case of residential construction, commercial construction, income producing commercial real estate and multifamily loans (included in income producing commercial real estate), the expected default rate was adjusted by a model overlay based on expectations of future performance. For the third quarter of 2023, management applied qualitative factors to the model output for the residential mortgage and owner occupied commercial real estate portfolios to account for observable differences in national economic trends reflected in the economic forecast that are not being observed at the same level of severity within United’s geographic footprint.

For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year, United reverted to historical credit loss information on a straight line basis over two years. For most collateral types, United reverted to through-the-cycle average default rates using peer data from 2000 to 2017. For loans secured by residential mortgages and manufactured housing, the peer data was adjusted for changes in lending practices designed to mitigate the magnitude of losses observed during the 2008 mortgage crisis.
24

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents the balance and activity in the ACL by portfolio segment for the periods indicated (in thousands).
Three Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022
Beginning Balance
Initial ACL -PCD loans (1)
Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Beginning Balance Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance
Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 21,788  $ 92  $ (656) $ 74  $ 2,686  $ 23,984  $ 16,774  $ —  $ 90  $ 2,192  $ 19,056 
Income producing commercial real estate 38,775  3,092  (3,044) 33  6,732  45,588  33,284  (202) 26  (1,498) 31,610 
Commercial & industrial 29,856  533  (19,702) 2,160  18,370  31,217  18,267  (373) 1,117  1,907  20,918 
Commercial construction 22,276  —  —  49  (1,686) 20,639  16,062  —  (10) 1,902  17,954 
Equipment financing 28,604  —  (7,215) 890  8,083  30,362  18,409  (1,987) 866  3,277  20,565 
Residential mortgage 25,431  —  (16) 145  1,324  26,884  17,035  —  66  2,234  19,335 
Home equity 10,609  —  (22) 2,806  (3,594) 9,799  7,487  (27) 129  884  8,473 
Residential construction 3,446  —  (474) 133  (231) 2,874  2,086  —  109  109  2,304 
Manufactured housing 9,204  —  (1,171) 1,342  9,378  6,614  (225) 958  7,352 
Consumer 716  —  (863) 232  747  832  907  (1,010) 292  746  935 
ACL - loans 190,705  3,717  (33,163) 6,525  33,773  201,557  136,925  (3,824) 2,690  12,711  148,502 
ACL - unfunded commitments 21,572  —  —  —  (3,505) 18,067  16,117  —  —  2,681  18,798 
Total ACL $ 212,277  $ 3,717  $ (33,163) $ 6,525  $ 30,268  $ 219,624  $ 153,042  $ (3,824) $ 2,690  $ 15,392  $ 167,300 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022
Beginning Balance
Initial ACL - PCD loans (1)
Charge-Offs Recoveries (Release) Provision Ending Balance Beginning
Balance
Initial ACL - PCD loans (2)
Charge-
Offs
Recoveries (Release)
Provision
Ending
Balance
Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 19,834  $ 273  $ (863) $ 396  $ 4,344  $ 23,984  $ 14,282  $ 266  $ —  $ 1,631  $ 2,877  $ 19,056 
Income producing commercial real estate 32,082  3,399  (7,858) 1,357  16,608  45,588  24,156  4,366  (202) 432  2,858  31,610 
Commercial & industrial 23,504  1,891  (24,353) 3,840  26,335  31,217  16,592  2,337  (4,978) 3,095  3,872  20,918 
Commercial construction 20,120  39  —  191  289  20,639  9,956  2,857  (41) 548  4,634  17,954 
Equipment financing 23,395  —  (14,994) 2,757  19,204  30,362  16,290  —  (4,644) 2,349  6,570  20,565 
Residential mortgage 20,809  157  (61) 320  5,659  26,884  12,390  385  (53) 267  6,346  19,335 
Home equity 8,707  534  (167) 2,977  (2,252) 9,799  6,568  60  (36) 565  1,316  8,473 
Residential construction 2,049  124  (1,111) 162  1,650  2,874  1,847  —  208  248  2,304 
Manufactured housing 8,098  —  (2,445) 29  3,696  9,378  —  2,438  (533) 14  5,433  7,352 
Consumer 759  (3,007) 709  2,367  832  451  27  (2,544) 879  2,122  935 
ACL - loans 159,357  6,421  (54,859) 12,738  77,900  201,557  102,532  12,737  (13,031) 9,988  36,276  148,502 
ACL - unfunded commitments 21,163  —  —  —  (3,096) 18,067  10,992  —  —  —  7,806  18,798 
Total ACL $ 180,520  $ 6,421  $ (54,859) $ 12,738  $ 74,804  $ 219,624  $ 113,524  $ 12,737  $ (13,031) $ 9,988  $ 44,082  $ 167,300 
(1) For the three months ended September 30, 2023, represents the initial ACL related to PCD loans acquired in the First Miami transaction. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, represents the initial ACL related to PCD loans acquired in the First Miami and Progress transactions.
(2) Represents the initial ACL related to PCD loans acquired in the Reliant transaction during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
25

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 7 – Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The table below presents the fair value of derivative financial instruments, which are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet, as of the dates indicated (in thousands):
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Notional Amount
Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value
Derivative Asset Derivative Liability Derivative Asset Derivative Liability
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedge of subordinated debt $ 100,000  $ 16,632  $ —  $ 100,000  $ 16,191  $ — 
Cash flow hedge of trust preferred securities 20,000  —  —  20,000  —  — 
Fair value hedge of AFS debt securities 666,286  —  —  —  —  — 
Total 786,286  16,632  —  120,000  16,191  — 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Customer derivative positions 1,158,829  89  103,620  1,097,578  341  86,358 
Dealer offsets to customer derivative positions 1,158,691  35,370  83  1,097,578  22,393  274 
Risk participations 85,442  —  88,586  15 
Mortgage banking - loan commitment 61,864  1,031  —  19,685  394  — 
Mortgage banking - forward sales commitment 77,948  527  14  49,750  198  71 
Bifurcated embedded derivatives 51,935  12,048  —  51,935  11,104  — 
Dealer offsets to bifurcated embedded derivatives 51,935  —  13,634  51,935  —  12,839 
Total 2,646,644  49,065  117,355  2,457,047  34,445  99,543 
Total derivatives $ 3,432,930  $ 65,697  $ 117,355  $ 2,577,047  $ 50,636  $ 99,543 
Total gross derivative instruments $ 65,697  $ 117,355  $ 50,636  $ 99,543 
Less: Amounts subject to master netting agreements (107) (107) (346) (346)
Less: Cash collateral received/pledged (54,548) (14,179) (38,386) (13,089)
Net amount $ 11,042  $ 103,069  $ 11,904  $ 86,108 

United clears certain derivatives centrally through the CME. CME rules legally characterize variation margin payments for centrally cleared derivatives as settlements of the derivatives’ exposure rather than as collateral. As a result, the variation margin payment and the related derivative instruments are considered a single unit of account for accounting purposes. Variation margin, as determined by the CME, is settled daily. As a result, derivative contracts that clear through the CME have an estimated fair value of zero.

Hedging Derivatives

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk 
United enters into cash flow hedges to mitigate exposure to the variability of future cash flows or other forecasted transactions. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, United utilized interest rate caps and swaps to hedge the variability of cash flows due to changes in interest rates on certain of its variable-rate subordinated debt and trust preferred securities. United considers these derivatives to be highly effective at achieving offsetting changes in cash flows attributable to changes in interest rates. Therefore, changes in the fair value of these derivative instruments are recognized in OCI. Gains and losses related to changes in fair value are reclassified into earnings in the periods the hedged forecasted transactions occur. Losses representing amortization of the premium recorded on cash flow hedges, which is a component excluded from the assessment of effectiveness, are recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis in the same caption as the hedged item over the term of the hedge. Over the next twelve months, United expects to reclassify $5.75 million of gains from AOCI into earnings related to these agreements.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk 
United is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain of its fixed-rate investments and obligations due to changes in interest rates. United uses interest rate derivatives to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in interest rates. For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. United includes the gain or loss on the hedged items in the same income statement line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the related derivatives. During the second quarter of 2023, United entered into fair value hedges on stated amounts of closed portfolios of AFS debt securities using the portfolio layer method.
26

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


The table below presents the effect of derivatives in hedging relationships, all of which are interest rate contracts, on net interest income for the periods indicated (in thousands). 
Affected Income Statement Line Item Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Fair value hedges:
Brokered time deposits:
Net income recognized Interest expense- deposits $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 28 
AFS securities:
Recognized on derivative interest settlements $ 3,011  $ —  $ 5,321  $ — 
Recognized on derivatives 9,139  —  23,028  — 
Recognized on hedged items (8,382) —  (23,671) — 
Net income recognized Interest revenue- investment securities $ 3,768  $ —  $ 4,678  $ — 
Cash flow hedges:
Long-term debt (1)
Interest expense- long term debt $ 42  $ (48) $ 2,098  $ (295)
 (1) Includes premium amortization expense excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness of $119,000 for both the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $348,000 and $353,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The table below presents the amortized cost of hedged AFS debt securities and cumulative fair value hedging basis adjustments for the periods presented (in thousands). All fair value hedges of AFS debt securities at September 30, 2023 were designated under the the portfolio layer method. At September 30, 2023, the aggregate designated hedged items using the portfolio layer method had a notional amount of $666 million.

September 30, 2023
Balance Sheet Location
Amortized Cost(1)
Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment
Debt securities AFS $ 797,177  $ (23,671)
(1) Excludes cumulative hedge accounting basis adjustment.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments 
Customer derivative positions include swaps, caps, and collars between United and certain commercial loan customers with offsetting positions to dealers under a back-to-back program. In addition, United occasionally enters into credit risk participation agreements with counterparty banks to accept or transfer a portion of the credit risk related to interest rate swaps. The agreements, which are typically executed in conjunction with a participation in a loan with the same customer, allow customers to execute an interest rate swap with one bank while allowing for the distribution of the credit risk among participating members.

United also has three interest rate swap contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments but are economic hedges of market-linked brokered certificates of deposit. The market-linked brokered certificates of deposit contain embedded derivatives that are bifurcated from the host instruments and are marked to market through earnings. The fair value marks on the market-linked swaps and the bifurcated embedded derivatives tend to move in opposite directions and therefore provide an economic hedge.
  
In addition, United originates certain residential mortgage loans with the intention of selling these loans. Between the time United enters into an interest-rate lock commitment to originate a residential mortgage loan that is to be held for sale and the time the loan is funded and eventually sold, United is subject to the risk of variability in market prices. United enters into forward sale agreements to mitigate risk and to protect the expected gain on the eventual loan sale. The commitments to originate residential mortgage loans and forward loan sales commitments are freestanding derivative instruments. Fair value adjustments on these derivative instruments are recorded within mortgage loan gains and other related fee income in the consolidated statements of income. 

27

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The table below presents the gains and losses recognized in income on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the periods indicated (in thousands). 
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2023 2022 2023 2022
Customer derivatives and dealer offsets Other noninterest income $ 789  $ 471  $ 1,701  $ 1,685 
Bifurcated embedded derivatives and dealer offsets Other noninterest income (651) (108) (1,658) 90 
Mortgage banking derivatives Mortgage loan revenue 1,034  1,047  2,435  8,297 
Risk participations Other noninterest income 19  (1) 161  93 
    $ 1,191  $ 1,409  $ 2,639  $ 10,165 
 
Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features 
United manages its credit exposure on derivatives transactions by entering into a bilateral credit support agreement with each non-customer counterparty. The credit support agreements require collateralization of exposures beyond specified minimum threshold amounts. The details of these agreements, including the minimum thresholds, vary by counterparty.
 
United’s agreements with each of its derivative counterparties provide that if either party defaults on any of its indebtedness, then it could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The agreements with derivative counterparties also include provisions that if not met, could result in United being declared in default. United has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that provide that if United fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution or is subject to a prompt corrective action directive, the counterparty could terminate the derivative positions and United would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements. Derivatives that are centrally cleared do not have credit-risk-related features that would require additional collateral if United’s credit rating were downgraded.
 
Note 8 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 
The carrying amount of goodwill and other intangible assets as of the dates indicated is summarized below (in thousands).  
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Core deposit intangible $ 104,174  $ 46,900 
Less: accumulated amortization (36,638) (26,112)
Net core deposit intangible 67,536  20,788 
Customer relationship intangible 8,400  8,400 
Less: accumulated amortization (1,708) (1,114)
Net customer relationship intangible 6,692  7,286 
Total intangibles subject to amortization, net (1)
74,228  28,074 
Goodwill 919,914  751,174 
Total goodwill and other intangible assets, net $ 994,142  $ 779,248 
(1) As intangible assets become fully amortized, they are excluded from balances presented.
During the first quarter of 2023, as a result of the Progress acquisition, United recorded a core deposit intangible of $40.0 million. During the third quarter of 2023, as a result of the First Miami acquisition, United recorded a core deposit intangible of $18.0 million. See Note 4 for further details. Also during the third quarter of 2023, United reduced its core deposit intangible related to the Reliant acquisition by $656,000 as a result of the sale of core deposits in connection with a whole branch disposal.

The following is a summary of changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill (in thousands): 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Balance, beginning of period (1)
$ 896,718  $ 751,174  $ 751,174  $ 452,007 
Acquisitions 23,196  —  168,740  299,167 
Balance, end of period (1)
$ 919,914  $ 751,174  $ 919,914  $ 751,174 
(1) Goodwill balances are shown net of accumulated impairment losses of $306 million incurred prior to 2022.

28

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The estimated aggregate amortization expense for future periods for finite-lived intangibles is as follows (in thousands):
Remainder of 2023 $ 4,030 
2024 14,872 
2025 12,774 
2026 10,896 
2027 9,018 
Thereafter 22,638 
Total $ 74,228 

Note 9 – Preferred Stock

In May 2023, United’s Board of Directors approved a preferred stock repurchase program, authorizing United to repurchase up to $25.0 million of its outstanding Series I Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock directly or through the repurchase of depositary shares representing 1/1000th of a share of Series I Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock. The program is scheduled to expire on the earlier of the repurchase of preferred stock having an aggregate purchase price of $25.0 million or December 31, 2023. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, 244,012 and 254,680 depositary shares were repurchased, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, United had remaining authorization to repurchase up to $19.7 million of outstanding preferred stock under the program.

Note 10 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering those assumptions, United uses a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy). United has processes in place to review the significant valuation inputs and to reassess how the instruments are classified in the valuation framework.
Fair Value Hierarchy
Level 1 Valuation is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that United has the ability to access.
Level 2 Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
Level 3 Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption based on unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.
In instances when the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.

Investment Securities
AFS debt securities and equity securities with readily determinable fair values are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include MBS issued by GSEs, municipal bonds, corporate debt securities, asset-backed securities and supranational entity securities and are valued based on observable inputs that include: quoted market prices for similar assets, quoted market prices that are not in an active market, or other inputs that are observable in the market and can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the securities. Securities classified as Level 3 include those traded in less liquid markets and are valued based on estimates obtained from broker-dealers that are not directly observable or models which incorporate unobservable inputs.
 
29

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Deferred Compensation Plan Assets and Liabilities
Included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet are assets purchased to provide returns to participants in the employee deferred compensation plan. These assets are mutual funds classified as Level 1. Deferred compensation liabilities, also classified as Level 1, are carried at the fair value of the obligation to the participant, which mirrors the fair value of the invested assets and is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. Deferred compensation plan liabilities are unsecured general obligations of United.
 
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
United has elected the fair value option for most of its newly originated mortgage loans held for sale in order to reduce certain timing differences and better match changes in fair values of the loans with changes in the value of derivative instruments used to economically hedge them. The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is determined using quoted prices for a similar asset, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan, and are classified as Level 2. As of December 31, 2022, United had certain mortgage loans held for sale that were acquired from Reliant for which the fair value option was not elected; these loans were carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value. These loans were subsequently sold in 2023.
 
Derivative Financial Instruments
United uses derivatives to manage interest rate risk. The valuation of these instruments is typically determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts and the discounted expected variable cash payments. The variable cash payments are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. United also uses best effort and mandatory delivery forward loan sale commitments to hedge risk in its mortgage lending business.
 
United incorporates CVAs as necessary to appropriately reflect the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, United has considered the effect of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds and guarantees.
 
Management has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, the CVAs associated with these derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. Generally, management’s assessment of the significance of the CVAs has indicated that they are not a significant input to the overall valuation of the derivatives. In cases when management’s assessment indicates that the CVA is a significant input, the related derivative is disclosed as a Level 3 value.

Other derivatives classified as Level 3 include structured derivatives for which broker quotes, used as a key valuation input, were not observable. Risk participation agreements are classified as Level 3 instruments due to the incorporation of significant Level 3 inputs used to evaluate the probability of funding and the likelihood of customer default. Interest rate lock commitments, which relate to mortgage loan commitments, are categorized as Level 3 instruments as the fair value of these instruments is based on unobservable inputs for commitments that United does not expect to fund.
 
Servicing Rights for Residential and SBA/USDA Loans
United recognizes servicing rights upon the sale of residential and SBA/USDA loans sold with servicing retained. Management has elected to carry these assets at fair value. Given the nature of these assets, the key valuation inputs are unobservable and management classifies these assets as Level 3.

30

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The table below presents United’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall (in thousands).
September 30, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:        
AFS debt securities:        
U.S. Treasuries $ 283,830  $ —  $ —  $ 283,830 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs —  224,695  —  224,695 
State and political subdivisions —  156,245  —  156,245 
Residential MBS —  1,546,422  —  1,546,422 
Commercial MBS —  602,060  —  602,060 
Corporate bonds —  192,626  2,179  194,805 
Asset-backed securities —  174,055  —  174,055 
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values 8,400  1,576  —  9,976 
Mortgage loans held for sale —  37,110  —  37,110 
Deferred compensation plan assets 12,436  —  —  12,436 
Servicing rights for SBA/USDA loans —  —  5,431  5,431 
Residential mortgage servicing rights —  —  38,234  38,234 
Derivative financial instruments —  52,618  13,079  65,697 
Total assets $ 304,666  $ 2,987,407  $ 58,923  $ 3,350,996 
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liability $ 12,476  $ —  $ —  $ 12,476 
Derivative financial instruments —  103,717  13,638  117,355 
Total liabilities $ 12,476  $ 103,717  $ 13,638  $ 129,831 

December 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:        
AFS debt securities:        
U.S. Treasuries $ 149,352  $ —  $ —  $ 149,352 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs —  250,116  —  250,116 
State and political subdivisions —  303,748  —  303,748 
Residential MBS —  1,795,481  —  1,795,481 
Commercial MBS —  671,912  —  671,912 
Corporate bonds —  210,240  2,212  212,452 
Asset-backed securities —  231,272  —  231,272 
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values 12,278  1,359  —  13,637 
Mortgage loans held for sale —  11,794  —  11,794 
Deferred compensation plan assets 11,436  —  —  11,436 
Servicing rights for SBA/USDA loans —  —  5,188  5,188 
Residential mortgage servicing rights —  —  36,559  36,559 
Derivative financial instruments —  39,123  11,513  50,636 
Total assets $ 173,066  $ 3,515,045  $ 55,472  $ 3,743,583 
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liability $ 11,460  $ —  $ —  $ 11,460 
Derivative financial instruments —  86,703  12,840  99,543 
Total liabilities $ 11,460  $ 86,703  $ 12,840  $ 111,003 
 
31

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table shows a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the periods indicated for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs that are classified as Level 3 values (in thousands).
2023 2022
Derivative
Assets
Derivative
Liabilities
SBA/USDA loan servicing rights Residential mortgage servicing rights Corporate Bonds Derivative
Assets
Derivative
Liabilities
SBA/USDA loan servicing rights Residential mortgage servicing rights Corporate Bonds
Three Months Ended September 30,                
Beginning balance $ 11,872  $ 12,564  $ 6,148  $ 37,194  $ 2,183  $ 10,199  $ 10,795  $ 6,167  $ 35,131  $ 2,287 
Additions —  —  525  826  —  —  —  411  704  — 
Sales and settlements —  —  (418) (534) —  —  —  (220) (602) — 
Fair value adjustments included in OCI —  —  —  —  (4) —  —  —  —  (61)
Fair value adjustments included in earnings 1,207  1,074  (824) 748  —  1,819  2,866  (280) 1,921  — 
Ending balance $ 13,079  $ 13,638  $ 5,431  $ 38,234  $ 2,179  $ 12,018  $ 13,661  $ 6,078  $ 37,154  $ 2,226 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Beginning balance $ 11,513  $ 12,840  $ 5,188  $ 36,559  $ 2,212  $ 6,758  $ 5,048  $ 6,513  $ 25,161  $ 2,395 
Business combinations —  —  95  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Additions —  170  1,449  2,306  —  —  99  1,799  4,594  — 
Transfers from Level 3 —  —  —  —  —  (290) —  —  —  — 
Sales and settlements (11) —  (869) (1,482) —  —  (1) (857) (1,916) — 
Fair value adjustments included in OCI —  —  —  —  (33) —  —  —  —  (169)
Fair value adjustments included in earnings 1,577  628  (432) 851  —  5,550  8,515  (1,377) 9,315  — 
Ending balance $ 13,079  $ 13,638  $ 5,431  $ 38,234  $ 2,179  $ 12,018  $ 13,661  $ 6,078  $ 37,154  $ 2,226 

The following table presents quantitative information about significant Level 3 inputs for fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated. 
Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Range Weighted Average Range Weighted Average
SBA/USDA loan servicing rights Discounted cash flow Discount rate
9.6% - 25.0%
16.5  %
11.9% - 25.0%
17.5  %
Prepayment rate
 4.2 - 36.7
17.8 
0.0 - 35.4
16.4 
Residential mortgage servicing rights Discounted cash flow Discount rate
10.0 - 12.5
10.1 
9.5 - 11.5
9.5 
Prepayment rate
6.5 - 28.2
7.3 
7.0 - 31.2
7.5 
Corporate bonds Discounted cash flow Discount rate
6.8 - 7.3
7.1 
6.1 - 6.4
6.3 
Derivative assets - mortgage Internal model Pull through rate
60.0 - 100
89.2 
26.5 - 100
90.7 
Derivative assets and liabilities - other Dealer priced Dealer priced N/A N/A N/A N/A
 
Fair Value Option
United generally records mortgage loans held for sale at fair value under the fair value option. Interest income on these loans is calculated based on the note rate of the loan and is recorded in interest revenue. In connection with the Reliant acquisition, United acquired mortgage loans held for sale accounted for under the lower of cost or fair value method. These loans are separately disclosed under the heading “Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis” within this footnote. The following tables present the fair value and outstanding principal balance of loans accounted for under the fair value option, as well as the gain or loss recognized from the change in fair value for the periods indicated (in thousands).
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Outstanding principal balance $ 36,317  $ 11,473 
Fair value 37,110  11,794 
32

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Gain (Loss) from Change in Fair Value on Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
Location Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
 Mortgage loan gains and other related fees $ 209  $ (809) $ 473  $ (1,820)

Changes in fair value were mostly offset by hedging activities. An immaterial portion of these amounts was attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
United may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of the lower of the amortized cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets due to impairment. The following table presents the fair value hierarchy and carrying value of assets that were still held as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recorded during the year-to-date periods presented (in thousands).
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
September 30, 2023        
Loans held for investment $ —  $ —  $ 37,236  $ 37,236 
December 31, 2022
Loans held for investment $ —  $ —  $ 7,808  $ 7,808 
Mortgage loans held for sale —  —  1,806  1,806 

Mortgage loans held for sale that were acquired from Reliant were subject to a nonrecurring fair value adjustment resulting from the application of the lower of the amortized cost or fair value accounting. As of December 31, 2022, these loans were classified as nonrecurring Level 3 because the valuation of these loans was based on indicative bids provided by a broker, not corroborated by market transactions. These loans were subsequently sold during the first half of 2023.

Loans held for investment that are reported above as being measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are generally impaired loans that have either been partially charged off or have specific reserves assigned to them. Nonaccrual loans that are collateral dependent are generally written down to net realizable value, which reflects fair value less the estimated costs to sell. Specific reserves that are established based on appraised value of collateral are considered nonrecurring fair value adjustments as well. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, United records the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, United records the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 3.

Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value  
For financial instruments that have quoted market prices, those quotes are used to determine fair value. Financial instruments that have no defined maturity, have a remaining maturity of 180 days or less, or reprice frequently to a market rate, are assumed to have a fair value that approximates reported book value, after taking into consideration any applicable credit risk. If no market quotes are available, financial instruments are valued by discounting the expected cash flows using an estimated current market interest rate for the financial instrument. For off-balance sheet derivative instruments, fair value is estimated as the amount that United would receive or pay to terminate the contracts at the reporting date, taking into account the current unrealized gains or losses on open contracts.
 
Cash and cash equivalents and repurchase agreements have short maturities and therefore the carrying value approximates fair value. Due to the short-term settlement of accrued interest receivable and payable, the carrying amount closely approximates fair value.
 
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect the premium or discount on any particular financial instrument that could result from the sale of United’s entire holdings. All estimates are inherently subjective in nature. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
 
Fair value estimates are based on existing on and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments include the mortgage banking operation, brokerage network, deferred income taxes, premises and equipment and goodwill.
33

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.
 
Off-balance sheet instruments (commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit) for which draws can be reasonably predicted are generally short-term in maturity and are priced at variable rates. Therefore, the estimated fair value associated with these instruments is immaterial.

The carrying amount and fair values as of the dates indicated for other financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows (in thousands).
  Fair Value Level
Carrying Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
September 30, 2023          
Assets:          
HTM debt securities $ 2,518,773  $ 17,266  $ 1,975,098  $ —  $ 1,992,364 
Loans and leases, net 18,001,250  —  —  17,215,625  17,215,625 
Liabilities:
Deposits 22,857,868  —  22,849,880  —  22,849,880 
Long-term debt 324,786  —  —  307,234  307,234 
December 31, 2022
Assets:
HTM debt securities $ 2,613,648  $ 17,417  $ 2,173,656  $ —  $ 2,191,073 
Loans and leases, net 15,175,270  —  —  14,609,239  14,609,239 
Liabilities:
Deposits 19,876,507  —  19,863,380  —  19,863,380 
FHLB advances 550,000  —  —  549,913  549,913 
Long-term debt 324,663  —  —  313,380  313,380 
 
34

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 11 – Stock-Based Compensation
 
United has an equity compensation plan that allows for grants of various share-based compensation. The general terms of the plan include a vesting period (usually four years) with an exercisable period not to exceed ten years. Certain options and restricted stock unit awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the plan document). As of September 30, 2023, 2.28 million additional awards could be granted under the plan.
 
The table below presents restricted stock unit and option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Restricted Stock Unit Awards Options
Shares Weighted-
Average Grant-
Date Fair Value
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value ($000)
Shares Weighted-
Average Exercise Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value ($000)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 778,686  $ 28.28  40,338  $ 11.88 
Granted 529,611  29.11  643,298  20.91 
Released / Exercised (264,031) 25.99  $ 7,861  (271,124) 19.08  $ 2,367 
Cancelled (50,110) 30.32  (4,620) 25.97 
Outstanding at September 30, 2023 994,156  29.23  25,262  407,892  21.17  5.4 1,769 
Vested / Exercisable at September 30, 2023 —  —  407,892  21.17  5.4 1,769 
Options granted in 2023 reflect fully vested options assumed in the Progress acquisition, with the weighted average exercise price of Progress’ fully vested converted options determined pursuant to the purchase agreement. The value of the Progress options was determined using a Black-Scholes model and was included in the purchase price for the acquisition. No compensation expense relating to options was included in earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
 
Compensation expense for restricted stock units and performance stock units without market conditions is based on the market value of United’s common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense for performance stock units with market conditions is based on the grant date per share fair value, which was estimated using the Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model. United recognizes the impact of forfeitures as they occur. The value of restricted stock unit and performance stock unit awards is amortized into expense over the service period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, expense of $6.54 million and $6.24 million, respectively, was recognized related to restricted stock unit and performance stock unit awards granted to United employees, which was included in salaries and employee benefits expense. In addition, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, $555,000 and $412,000, respectively, was recognized in other expense for restricted stock unit awards granted to members of United’s Board of Directors.

A deferred income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense of $1.81 million and $1.70 million was included in the determination of income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, there was $23.7 million of unrecognized expense related to non-vested restricted stock unit and performance stock unit awards granted under the plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.


35

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 12 – Reclassifications Out of AOCI

The following table presents the details regarding amounts reclassified out of AOCI for the periods indicated (in thousands). Amounts shown in parentheses reduce earnings.
Details about AOCI Components Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
2023 2022 2023 2022
Realized losses on AFS securities:
$ —  $ —  $ (1,644) $ (3,688) Securities losses, net
  —  —  374  979  Income tax benefit
  $ —  $ —  $ (1,270) $ (2,709) Net of tax
Amortization of unrealized losses on HTM securities transferred from AFS:
  $ (2,478) $ (4,473) $ (7,964) $ (6,242) Investment securities interest revenue
  593  1,073  1,917  1,495  Income tax benefit
  $ (1,885) $ (3,400) $ (6,047) $ (4,747) Net of tax
Reclassifications related to derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts $ 42  $ (48) $ 2,098  $ (295) Long-term debt interest expense
  (11) 12  (536) 75  Income tax (expense) benefit
  $ 31  $ (36) $ 1,562  $ (220) Net of tax
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components:
Prior service cost $ (61) $ (91) $ (183) $ (276) Salaries and employee benefits expense
Actuarial losses —  (78) —  (234) Other expense
  (61) (169) (183) (510) Total before tax
  16  43  47  130  Income tax benefit
  $ (45) $ (126) $ (136) $ (380) Net of tax
Total reclassifications for the period $ (1,899) $ (3,562) $ (5,891) $ (8,056) Net of tax

36

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 13 – Earnings Per Share
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data).
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income $ 47,866  $ 81,161  $ 173,454  $ 196,022 
Dividends on preferred stock (1,624) (1,719) (5,062) (5,157)
Discount on preferred shares repurchased
792  —  792  — 
Earnings allocated to participating securities (259) (407) (939) (1,007)
Net income available to common shareholders $ 46,775  $ 79,035  $ 168,245  $ 189,858 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic 119,506  106,687  116,925  106,616 
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options 95  38  141  40 
Restricted stock units 23  75  18  76 
Diluted 119,624  106,800  117,084  106,732 
Net income per common share:
Basic $ 0.39  $ 0.74  $ 1.44  $ 1.78 
Diluted $ 0.39  $ 0.74  $ 1.44  $ 1.78 
 
At September 30, 2023, United excluded from the computation 1,968 potentially dilutive shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options because of their antidilutive effect. At September 30, 2022, United had no potentially dilutive instruments outstanding that were not included in the computation.

Note 14 – Regulatory Matters

As of September 30, 2023, United and the Bank were categorized as well-capitalized under the regulatory requirements in effect at that time. To be categorized as well-capitalized, United and the Bank must have exceeded the well-capitalized guideline ratios in effect at the time, as set forth in the table below, and have met certain other requirements. Management believes that United and the Bank exceeded all well-capitalized requirements at September 30, 2023, and there have been no conditions or events since quarter-end that would change the status of well-capitalized.

Regulatory capital ratios at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, along with the minimum amounts required for capital adequacy purposes and to be well-capitalized under regulatory requirements in effect at such times, are presented below for United and the Bank (dollars in thousands):
United Community Banks, Inc.
(Consolidated)
United Community Bank
Minimum (1)
Well-
Capitalized
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Risk-based ratios:
CET1 capital 4.5  % 6.5  % 12.15  % 12.26  % 12.26  % 12.83  %
Tier 1 capital 6.0  8.0  12.60  12.81  12.26  12.83 
Total capital 8.0  10.0  14.45  14.79  13.25  13.70 
Leverage ratio 4.0  5.0  9.70  9.69  9.43  9.69 
CET1 capital $ 2,445,212  $ 2,164,211  $ 2,457,791  $ 2,255,337 
Tier 1 capital 2,535,495  2,260,633  2,457,791  2,255,337 
Total capital 2,907,824  2,610,216  2,654,380  2,408,895 
Risk-weighted assets 20,129,470  17,648,573  20,039,784  17,583,347 
Average total assets for the leverage ratio 26,141,324  23,322,018  26,059,562  23,285,253 
(1) As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 the additional capital conservation buffer in effect was 2.50%
37

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies
 
United is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. The contract amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement United has in particular classes of financial instruments. The exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and letters of credit written is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. United uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it uses for underwriting on-balance sheet instruments. In most cases, collateral or other security is required to support financial instruments with credit risk.
 
The following table summarizes the contractual amount of off-balance sheet instruments as of the dates indicated (in thousands).
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk:    
Commitments to extend credit $ 4,608,549  $ 4,683,790 
Letters of credit 56,455  46,896 

United, in the normal course of business, is subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. Although it is not possible to predict the outcome of these lawsuits, or the range of any possible loss, management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the ultimate aggregate liability, if any, arising from these lawsuits will have a material adverse effect on United’s financial position or results of operations.

Tax Credit and Certain Equity Investments
United invests in certain LIHTC partnerships throughout its market area as a means of supporting local communities, as well as in entities that promote renewable energy sources. United receives tax credits related to these investments. For certain of the investments, United provides financing during the construction and development phase of the related projects and/or permanent financing upon completion of the project. United has concluded that these partnerships are VIEs of which it is not the primary beneficiary because it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs' financial performance and, therefore, is not required to consolidate these VIEs. United's maximum potential exposure to losses relative to investments in these VIEs is generally limited to the sum of the outstanding investment balance, any future funding commitments and the balance of any related loans to the entity. Loans to these entities are underwritten in substantially the same manner as other loans and are generally secured.

United also has investments in and future funding commitments related to fintech fund limited partnerships, other community development entities and certain other equity method investments. United has concluded that these partnerships are VIEs of which it is not the primary beneficiary because it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs' financial performance and, therefore, is not required to consolidate these VIEs. The risk exposure relating to such commitments is generally limited to the amount invested by United and any future funding commitments.

The following table summarizes, as of the dates indicated, tax credit and certain equity method investments (in thousands):

Balance Sheet Location September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Investments in LIHTC:
Carrying amount Other assets $ 50,432  $ 50,054 
Amount of future funding commitments included in carrying amount Other liabilities 14,990  18,090 
Renewable energy investments:
Carrying amount Other assets 37,343  19,617 
Amount of future funding commitments included in carrying amount Other liabilities 15,795  18,781 
Fintech funds and certain other equity method investments:
Carrying amount Other assets 38,209  27,569 
Amount of future funding commitments included in carrying amount Other liabilities 5,786  470 
Amount of future funding commitments not included in carrying amount N/A 25,918  23,690 
 
38

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 16 – Short-term Borrowings

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, short-term borrowings consisted of repurchase agreements, which are borrowings secured by investment securities. The following table presents the remaining contractual maturity of repurchase agreements by collateral pledged as of the date indicated (in thousands).
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 Days 30-90 Days Greater than 90 days Total
September 30, 2023
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 37,348  —  —  —  37,348 
Total $ 37,348  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 37,348 
December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasuries $ 158,933  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 158,933 
Total $ 158,933  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 158,933 

United is obligated to promptly transfer additional securities if the market value of the pledged securities falls below the repurchase agreement price. United manages this risk by maintaining a portfolio of unpledged securities that it believes is sufficient to cover a decline in the market value of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase. At September 30, 2023, repurchase agreements were collateralized by securities with a carrying amount of $62.3 million. At December 31, 2022, repurchase agreements were collateralized by securities with a carrying amount of $163 million.

Note 17 - Subsequent Events
Preferred Share Repurchases
Subsequent to quarter-end through November 1, 2023, United repurchased 83,670 depositary shares (each representing 1/1000 interest in a share of preferred stock), bringing to a total 338,350 depositary shares repurchased to date through its preferred stock repurchase program. As of November 1, 2023, United had remaining authorization to repurchase up to $17.8 million of outstanding preferred stock under the program.
39


Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is a discussion of our financial condition at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The purpose of this discussion is to focus on information about our financial condition and results of operations which is not otherwise apparent from our consolidated financial statements and is intended to provide insight into our results of operations and financial condition. The following discussion and analysis should be read along with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part I - Item 1 of this Report, “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and the risk factors discussed in our 2022 10-K and referenced in Part II, Item 1.A. of this Report, and the other reports we have filed with the SEC after we filed the 2022 10-K.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “our,” “us” refer to United on a consolidated basis.
 
Overview
 
We offer a wide array of commercial and consumer banking services and investment advisory services primarily through a 205 branch network throughout Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Florida and Alabama. We have grown organically as well as through strategic acquisitions. At September 30, 2023, we had consolidated total assets of $26.9 billion and 3,151 full-time equivalent employees.

Recent Developments

Mergers and Acquisitions
On January 3, 2023, we completed the acquisition of Progress, which operated 13 offices primarily located in Alabama and the Florida Panhandle. We acquired $1.90 billion of assets and assumed $1.60 billion of liabilities in the acquisition, which included $1.44 billion in loans and $1.33 billion in deposits. Progress results are included in the consolidated financial statements beginning on the acquisition date.
On July 1, 2023, we completed the acquisition of First Miami, which operated three offices in the Miami metropolitan area. We acquired $1.02 billion of assets and assumed $931 million of liabilities in the acquisition, which included $577 million in loans and $865 million in deposits. In addition to traditional banking products, First Miami offers private banking, trust and wealth management services with approximately $303 million in assets under administration as of September 30, 2023. First Miami’s results are included in the consolidated financial statements beginning on the acquisition date.
Discontinuance of LIBOR
Since the discontinuance of LIBOR that was effective immediately after June 30, 2023, our new adjustable rate loan production has been originated with an ARR, such as SOFR. All existing loans that had LIBOR as a reference rate converted to an ARR such as SOFR effective with the first rate reset after June 30, 2023.
Results of Operations
We reported net income and diluted earnings per common share of $47.9 million and $0.39, respectively, for the third quarter of 2023 compared to $81.2 million and $0.74, respectively, for the same period in 2022. Operating net income (non-GAAP), which excludes merger-related and other charges, was $55.0 million for the third quarter of 2023, compared to $82.5 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease in net income resulted primarily from higher noninterest expenses and an increase in provision for credit losses, which were partly offset by higher net interest revenue.

Net interest revenue increased to $203 million for the third quarter of 2023, compared to $200 million for the third quarter of 2022. The increase in interest revenue was provided by loan growth, including loans acquired from First Miami and Progress, and higher interest rates earned on our average loan and securities portfolios. The increase in interest revenue was offset by increases in interest expense resulting from higher rates paid on deposits, a less favorable deposit mix and utilization of wholesale borrowings, which are more costly than customer deposits. Our net interest spread decreased 116 basis points to 2.23%, reflecting a steeper increase in rates paid on deposits compared to that of loans since the third quarter of 2022. The impact of rising deposit rates also negatively impacted our net interest margin, which decreased to 3.24% for the third quarter of 2023 compared to 3.57% for the same period of last year.

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $30.3 million for the third quarter of 2023, compared to a provision of $15.4 million for the third quarter of 2022. The provision expense recorded in the third quarter of 2023 resulted from loan growth, the initial ACL for First Miami non-PCD loans and unfunded commitments of $4.00 million and current period net charge offs of $26.6 million. The provision for unfunded commitments for the quarter was a negative $3.51 million due to a decrease in the amount of unfunded commitments.
40



Noninterest income of $32.0 million for the third quarter of 2023 remained relatively flat compared to that of the third quarter of 2022. Increases in several of our noninterest income components, notably services charges and other fees, BOLI income, and wealth management fees, were mostly offset by a $3.25 million decrease in other noninterest income. The decrease in other noninterest income is mostly attributable to a $1.74 million increase in cash collateral losses related to our derivative instruments and a $1.00 million loss on the disposal of two of our Tennessee branches.

For the third quarter of 2023, noninterest expenses of $144 million increased $31.7 million, or 28%, compared to the same period of 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to a $13.4 million increase in salaries and employee benefits and a $7.42 million increase in merger-related and other charges, both of which were largely driven by the acquisitions of First Miami and Progress. Other contributors to the increase included increases in amortization of intangibles, which was driven by the addition of the First Miami and Progress core deposit intangibles, and FDIC assessment expense resulting from the increase in the assessment rate that went into effect on January 1, 2023.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we reported net income of $173 million and $196 million, respectively, and diluted earnings per common share of $1.44 and $1.78, respectively. Operating net income (non-GAAP) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $190 million and $210 million, respectively, which excludes merger-related and other charges for both periods. Net interest revenue and net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $614 million and 3.41%, respectively, compared to $542 million and 3.25%, respectively, for the same period in 2022. In addition to the factors affecting the third quarter of 2023, results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 include a reduction in mortgage loan gains and other related fees of $12.2 million driven by a decrease in demand resulting from the rising interest rate environment. In addition, provision expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 included initial provisions for credit losses on non-PCD loans and unfunded commitments acquired from Progress and Reliant of $10.4 million and $18.3 million, respectively.

Results for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 are discussed in further detail throughout the following sections of MD&A.

Critical Accounting Estimates
 
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Our accounting and reporting estimates are in accordance with GAAP and conform to general practices within the banking industry. Estimates that are susceptible to significant changes include accounting for the ACL and fair value measurements, both of which require significant judgments by management. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Also, different assumptions in the application of these accounting estimates could result in material changes in our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations. Our critical accounting estimates are discussed in MD&A in our 2022 10-K.

Non-GAAP Reconciliation and Explanation

This Report contains financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial information includes the following measures: “tangible book value per common share,” and “tangible common equity to tangible assets.” In addition, management presents non-GAAP operating performance measures, which exclude merger-related and other items that are not part of our ongoing business operations. Operating performance measures include “expenses – operating,” “net income – operating,” “diluted income per common share – operating,” “return on common equity – operating,” “return on tangible common equity – operating,” “return on assets – operating” and “efficiency ratio – operating.” We have developed internal policies and procedures to accurately capture and account for merger-related and other charges and those charges are reviewed with the Audit Committee of our Board each quarter. We use these non-GAAP measures because we believe they provide useful supplemental information for evaluating our operations and performance over periods of time, as well as in managing and evaluating our business and in discussions about our operations and performance. We believe these non-GAAP measures may also provide users of our financial information with a meaningful measure for assessing our financial results and credit trends, as well as a comparison to financial results for prior periods. Nevertheless, non-GAAP measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied and are not audited. These non-GAAP measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative to or substitute for, measures determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because non-GAAP measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare our non-GAAP measures to similarly titled measures used by other companies. To the extent applicable, reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable measures as reported in accordance with GAAP are included in Table 1 of MD&A.
41


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Table 1 - Financial Highlights
 (in thousands, except per share data)
2023 2022
Third Quarter
2023 - 2022 Change
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, YTD Change
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
First Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
2023 2022
INCOME SUMMARY  
Interest revenue $ 323,147  $ 295,775  $ 279,487  $ 240,831  $ 213,887  $ 898,409  $ 572,324 
Interest expense 120,591  95,489  68,017  30,943  14,113  284,097  29,855 
Net interest revenue 202,556  200,286  211,470  209,888  199,774  % 614,312  542,469  13  %
Provision for credit losses 30,268  22,753  21,783  19,831  15,392  74,804  44,082 
Noninterest income 31,977  36,387  30,209  33,354  31,922  —  98,573  104,353  (6)
Total revenue 204,265  213,920  219,896  223,411  216,304  (6) 638,081  602,740 
Noninterest expenses 144,474  132,407  139,805  117,329  112,755  28  416,686  352,820  18 
Income before income tax expense 59,791  81,513  80,091  106,082  103,549  (42) 221,395  249,920  (11)
Income tax expense 11,925  18,225  17,791  24,632  22,388  (47) 47,941  53,898  (11)
Net income 47,866  63,288  62,300  81,450  81,161  (41) 173,454  196,022  (12)
Merger-related and other charges 9,168  3,645  8,631  1,470  1,746  21,444  17,905 
Income tax benefit of merger-related and other charges (2,000) (820) (1,955) (323) (385) (4,775) (3,923)
Net income - operating (1)
$ 55,034  $ 66,113  $ 68,976  $ 82,597  $ 82,522  (33) $ 190,123  $ 210,004  (9)
PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Per common share:
Diluted net income - GAAP $ 0.39  $ 0.53  $ 0.52  $ 0.74  $ 0.74  (47) $ 1.44  $ 1.78  (19)
Diluted net income - operating (1)
0.45  0.55  0.58  0.75  0.75  (40) 1.58  1.91  (17)
Cash dividends declared 0.23  0.23  0.23  0.22  0.22  0.69  0.64 
Book value 25.87  25.98  25.76  24.38  23.78  25.87  23.78 
Tangible book value (3)
17.70  17.83  17.59  17.13  16.52  17.70  16.52 
Key performance ratios:
Return on common equity - GAAP (2)(4)
5.32  % 7.47  % 7.34  % 10.86  % 11.02  % 6.69  % 9.08  %
Return on common equity - operating (1)(2)(4)
6.14  7.82  8.15  11.01  11.21  7.35  9.75 
Return on tangible common equity - operating (1)(2)(3)(4)
9.03  11.35  11.63  15.20  15.60  10.65  13.64 
Return on assets - GAAP (4)
0.68  0.95  0.95  1.33  1.32  0.86  1.06 
Return on assets - operating (1)(4)
0.79  1.00  1.06  1.35  1.34  0.95  1.13 
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
3.24  3.37  3.61  3.76  3.57  3.41  3.25 
Efficiency ratio - GAAP 61.32  55.71  57.20  47.95  48.41  58.06  53.94 
Efficiency ratio - operating (1)
57.43  54.17  53.67  47.35  47.66  55.07  51.20 
Equity to total assets 11.85  11.89  11.90  11.25  11.12  11.85  11.12 
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (3)
8.18  8.21  8.17  7.88  7.70  8.18  7.70 
ASSET QUALITY
NPAs $ 90,883  $ 103,737  $ 73,403  $ 44,281  $ 35,511  156  $ 90,883  $ 35,511  156 
ACL - loans 201,557  190,705  176,534  159,357  148,502  36  201,557  148,502  36 
Net charge-offs 26,638  8,399  7,084  6,611  1,134  42,121  3,043 
ACL - loans to loans 1.11  % 1.10  % 1.03  % 1.04  % 1.00  % 1.11  % 1.00  %
Net charge-offs to average loans (4)
0.59  0.20  0.17  0.17  0.03  0.32  0.03 
NPAs to total assets 0.34  0.40  0.28  0.18  0.15  0.34  0.15 
AT PERIOD END ($ in millions)
Loans $ 18,203  $ 17,395  $ 17,125  $ 15,335  $ 14,882  22  $ 18,203  $ 14,882  22 
Investment securities 5,701  5,914  5,915  6,228  6,539  (13) 5,701  6,539  (13)
Total assets 26,869  26,120  25,872  24,009  23,688  13  26,869  23,688  13 
Deposits 22,858  22,252  22,005  19,877  20,321  12  22,858  20,321  12 
Shareholders’ equity 3,184  3,106  3,078  2,701  2,635  21  3,184  2,635  21 
Common shares outstanding (thousands) 118,976  115,266  115,152  106,223  106,163  12  118,976  106,163  12 
(1) Excludes merger-related and other charges. (2) Net income less preferred stock dividends, divided by average realized common equity, which excludes AOCI. (3) Excludes effect of acquisition related intangibles and associated amortization. (4) Annualized.
42



UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Table 1 (Continued) - Financial Highlights
Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation
(in thousands, except per share data)
  2023 2022 For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
First Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
2023 2022
Noninterest expense reconciliation          
Noninterest expenses (GAAP) $ 144,474  $ 132,407  $ 139,805  $ 117,329  $ 112,755  $ 416,686  $ 352,820 
Merger-related and other charges (9,168) (3,645) (8,631) (1,470) (1,746) (21,444) (17,905)
Noninterest expenses - operating $ 135,306  $ 128,762  $ 131,174  $ 115,859  $ 111,009  $ 395,242  $ 334,915 
Net income reconciliation
Net income (GAAP) $ 47,866  $ 63,288  $ 62,300  $ 81,450  $ 81,161  $ 173,454  $ 196,022 
Merger-related and other charges 9,168  3,645  8,631  1,470  1,746  21,444  17,905 
Income tax benefit of merger-related and other charges (2,000) (820) (1,955) (323) (385) (4,775) (3,923)
Net income - operating $ 55,034  $ 66,113  $ 68,976  $ 82,597  $ 82,522  $ 190,123  $ 210,004 
Diluted income per common share reconciliation
Diluted income per common share (GAAP) $ 0.39  $ 0.53  $ 0.52  $ 0.74  $ 0.74  $ 1.44  $ 1.78 
Merger-related and other charges, net of tax 0.06  0.02  0.06  0.01  0.01  0.14  0.13 
Diluted income per common share - operating $ 0.45  $ 0.55  $ 0.58  $ 0.75  $ 0.75  $ 1.58  $ 1.91 
Book value per common share reconciliation
Book value per common share (GAAP) $ 25.87  $ 25.98  $ 25.76  $ 24.38  $ 23.78  $ 25.87  $ 23.78 
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles (8.17) (8.15) (8.17) (7.25) (7.26) (8.17) (7.26)
Tangible book value per common share $ 17.70  $ 17.83  $ 17.59  $ 17.13  $ 16.52  $ 17.70  $ 16.52 
Return on tangible common equity reconciliation
Return on common equity (GAAP) 5.32  % 7.47  % 7.34  % 10.86  % 11.02  % 6.69  % 9.08  %
Merger-related and other charges, net of tax 0.82  0.35  0.81  0.15  0.19  0.66  0.67 
Return on common equity - operating 6.14  7.82  8.15  11.01  11.21  7.35  9.75 
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles 2.89  3.53  3.48  4.19  4.39  3.30  3.89 
Return on tangible common equity - operating 9.03  % 11.35  % 11.63  % 15.20  % 15.60  % 10.65  % 13.64  %
Return on assets reconciliation
Return on assets (GAAP) 0.68  % 0.95  % 0.95  % 1.33  % 1.32  % 0.86  % 1.06  %
Merger-related and other charges, net of tax 0.11  0.05  0.11  0.02  0.02  0.09  0.07 
Return on assets - operating 0.79  % 1.00  % 1.06  % 1.35  % 1.34  % 0.95  % 1.13  %
Efficiency ratio reconciliation
Efficiency ratio (GAAP) 61.32  % 55.71  % 57.20  % 47.95  % 48.41  % 58.06  % 53.94  %
Merger-related and other charges (3.89) (1.54) (3.53) (0.60) (0.75) (2.99) (2.74)
Efficiency ratio - operating 57.43  % 54.17  % 53.67  % 47.35  % 47.66  % 55.07  % 51.20  %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets reconciliation
Equity to total assets (GAAP) 11.85  % 11.89  % 11.90  % 11.25  % 11.12  % 11.85  % 11.12  %
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles (3.33) (3.31) (3.36) (2.97) (3.01) (3.33) (3.01)
Effect of preferred equity (0.34) (0.37) (0.37) (0.40) (0.41) (0.34) (0.41)
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 8.18  % 8.21  % 8.17  % 7.88  % 7.70  % 8.18  % 7.70  %
43


Net Interest Revenue

Net interest revenue, which is the difference between the interest earned on assets and the interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds, is the single largest component of total revenue. Management seeks to optimize this revenue while balancing interest rate, credit and liquidity risks. The banking industry uses two ratios to measure the relative profitability of net interest revenue. The net interest spread measures the difference between the average yield on interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The interest rate spread eliminates the effect of noninterest-bearing deposits and gives a direct perspective on the effect of market interest rate movements. The net interest margin is an indication of the profitability of a company’s balance sheet and is defined as net interest revenue as a percent of average total interest-earning assets, which includes the positive effect of funding a portion of interest-earning assets with noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity.

The following discussion provides additional details on the average balances and net interest revenue for the periods presented. The tables that follow indicate the relationship between interest revenue and expense and the average amounts of assets and liabilities, which provides further insight into net interest spread and net interest margin for the periods indicated.

For the quarter:

FTE net interest revenue for the third quarter of 2023 was $204 million, representing an increase of $2.63 million from the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by the $3.40 billion increase in average loans and a 131 basis point increase in the average rate earned on loans. As a result, loan interest revenue increased $99.6 million compared to the third quarter of 2022. Approximately $3.38 million of the increase was a result of higher purchased loan accretion, which was mostly driven by the addition of First Miami and Progress loans. The FOMC raised the targeted federal funds rate a total of 525 basis points beginning in March 2022 through the third quarter of 2023. Additionally, the increase in yield earned on the investment securities portfolio, partially offset by a decrease in the average balance of the portfolio, contributed $7.49 million in additional FTE interest revenue compared to the same period of last year. The increase in yield on the securities portfolio was positively impacted by the fair value hedges on our AFS securities portfolio that we entered into in the second quarter of 2023, which contributed $3.77 million in additional interest revenue.

Interest expense for the third quarter of 2023 increased $106 million compared to the same quarter of 2022. The increase is mostly attributable to the 259 basis point increase in rates paid on average interest-bearing deposits as a result of the rising interest rate environment and a deposit mix more heavily comprised of more costly time deposits and brokered time deposits. In addition, the daily average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased by $3.50 billion, which includes approximately $1.54 billion of interest-bearing deposits received in the acquisitions of First Miami and Progress. We also saw attrition in our noninterest-bearing deposit balances as rising interest rates offered customers more attractive alternatives, which negatively impacts our net interest margin. As a result of the decrease in noninterest-bearing deposits, in the third quarter of 2023, 65% of our interest earning assets were funded by interest-bearing liabilities compared with 57% for the same period of 2022.

Our net interest spread decreased 116 basis points to 2.23% and our net interest margin decreased 33 basis points to 3.24%, reflecting a steeper increase in rates paid on deposits compared to that of loans during the third quarter of 2023. The fact that our net interest spread fell much more than our net interest margin demonstrates the increasing contribution and value of noninterest-bearing funding sources in a higher interest rate environment.

For the nine months ended:

FTE net interest revenue for the first nine months of 2023 was $617 million, representing a 13% increase from the first nine months of 2022, which was primarily driven by the same factors impacting the quarter. During the first nine months of 2023, our net interest spread decreased 62 basis points and our net interest margin increased by 16 basis points compared to the same period of 2022. Our net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 benefited from higher purchased loan accretion of $6.19 million and $4.68 million in additional interest revenue from the fair value hedges on our AFS securities portfolio.




44


Table 2 - Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, (FTE))
  2023 2022
Average Balance Interest Average Rate Average Balance Interest Average Rate
Assets:            
Interest-earning assets:            
Loans, net of unearned income (FTE) (1)(2)
$ 18,055,402  $ 273,800  6.02  % $ 14,658,397  $ 174,168  4.71  %
Taxable securities (3)
5,933,708  43,007  2.90  6,539,615  34,385  2.10 
Tax-exempt securities (FTE) (1)(3)
368,148  2,313  2.51  493,115  3,449  2.80 
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning assets 538,039  5,093  3.76  614,755  3,106  2.00 
Total interest-earning assets (FTE) 24,895,297  324,213  5.17  22,305,882  215,108  3.83 
Noninterest-earning assets:
Allowance for credit losses (209,472) (138,907)
Cash and due from banks 225,831  231,376 
Premises and equipment 367,217  290,768 
Other assets (3)
1,568,824  1,261,236 
Total assets $ 26,847,697  $ 23,950,355 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW and interest-bearing demand $ 5,285,513  35,613  2.67  $ 4,335,619  3,992  0.37 
Money market 5,622,355  46,884  3.31  4,849,705  4,503  0.37 
Savings 1,301,047  868  0.26  1,515,350  178  0.05 
Time 3,473,191  31,072  3.55  1,635,580  984  0.24 
Brokered time deposits 209,119  2,296  4.36  51,530  223  1.72 
Total interest-bearing deposits 15,891,225  116,733  2.91  12,387,784  9,880  0.32 
Federal funds purchased and other borrowings 44,164  189  1.70  3,442  27  3.11 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances —  —  —  —  —  — 
Long-term debt 324,770  3,669  4.48  324,444  4,206  5.14 
Total borrowed funds 368,934  3,858  4.15  327,886  4,233  5.12 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 16,260,159  120,591  2.94  12,715,670  14,113  0.44 
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits 6,916,272  8,176,987 
Other liabilities 435,592  349,647 
Total liabilities 23,612,023  21,242,304 
Shareholders' equity 3,235,674  2,708,051 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 26,847,697  $ 23,950,355 
Net interest revenue (FTE)   $ 203,622  $ 200,995 
Net interest-rate spread (FTE)     2.23  % 3.39  %
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
    3.24  % 3.57  %
 
(1)Interest revenue on tax-exempt securities and loans has been increased to reflect comparable interest on taxable securities and loans. The rate used was 26%, reflecting the statutory federal income tax rate and the federal tax adjusted state income tax rate.
(2)Included in the average balance of loans outstanding are loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans that are held for sale.
(3)Unrealized losses on securities, including those related to the transfer from AFS to HTM, have been reclassified to other assets. Pretax unrealized losses of $430 million and $318 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included in other assets for purposes of this presentation.
(4)Net interest margin is taxable equivalent net interest revenue divided by average interest-earning assets.


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Table 3 - Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, (FTE))
  2023 2022
Average Balance Interest Average Rate Average Balance Interest Average Rate
Assets:            
Interest-earning assets:            
Loans, net of unearned income (FTE) (1)(2)
$ 17,377,210  $ 760,802  5.85  % $ 14,426,470  $ 475,989  4.41  %
Taxable securities (3)
5,982,615  120,212  2.68  6,274,230  83,281  1.77 
Tax-exempt securities (FTE) (1)(3)
386,499  7,470  2.58  498,177  10,425  2.79 
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning assets 490,703  13,103  3.57  1,271,287  6,192  0.65 
Total interest-earning assets (FTE) 24,237,027  901,587  4.97  22,470,164  575,887  3.43 
Non-interest-earning assets:
Allowance for loan losses (186,428) (129,278)
Cash and due from banks 249,411  200,463 
Premises and equipment 347,514  284,850 
Other assets (3)
1,518,503  1,308,647 
Total assets $ 26,166,027  $ 24,134,846 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW and interest-bearing demand $ 4,891,214  80,809  2.21  $ 4,520,079  7,624  0.23 
Money market 5,349,265  105,430  2.64  4,992,357  7,030  0.19 
Savings 1,341,033  2,108  0.21  1,483,169  337  0.03 
Time 2,936,873  65,856  3.00  1,688,250  2,009  0.16 
Brokered time deposits 280,293  9,608  4.58  65,133  313  0.64 
Total interest-bearing deposits 14,798,678  263,811  2.38  12,748,988  17,313  0.18 
Federal funds purchased and other borrowings 98,884  3,186  4.31  1,383  27  2.61 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 166,355  5,761  4.63  —  —  — 
Long-term debt 324,737  11,339  4.67  322,600  12,515  5.19 
Total borrowed funds 589,976  20,286  4.60  323,983  12,542  5.18 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 15,388,654  284,097  2.47  13,072,971  29,855  0.31 
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits 7,226,096  7,958,392 
Other liabilities 393,048  375,182 
Total liabilities 23,007,798  21,406,545 
Shareholders' equity 3,158,229  2,728,301 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 26,166,027  $ 24,134,846 
Net interest revenue (FTE) $ 617,490  $ 546,032 
Net interest-rate spread (FTE) 2.50  % 3.12  %
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
3.41  % 3.25  %
 
(1)Interest revenue on tax-exempt securities and loans has been increased to reflect comparable interest on taxable securities and loans. The rate used was 26%, reflecting the statutory federal income tax rate and the federal tax adjusted state income tax rate.
(2)Included in the average balance of loans outstanding are loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans that are held for sale.
(3)Unrealized gains and losses, including those related to the transfer from AFS to HTM, have been reclassified to other assets. Pretax unrealized losses of $413 million and $221 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included in other assets for purposes of this presentation.
(4)Net interest margin is taxable equivalent net-interest revenue divided by average interest-earning assets.



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The following table shows the relative effect on net interest revenue for changes in the average outstanding amounts (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the rates earned and paid on such assets and liabilities (rate). Variances resulting from a combination of changes in rate and volume are allocated in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each category.
 
Table 4 - Change in Interest Revenue and Expense on a Taxable Equivalent Basis
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Compared to 2022 Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in
  Volume Rate Total Volume Rate Total
Interest-earning assets:
Loans (FTE) $ 45,449  $ 54,183  $ 99,632  $ 109,607  $ 175,206  $ 284,813 
Taxable securities (3,423) 12,045  8,622  (4,036) 40,967  36,931 
Tax-exempt securities (FTE) (811) (325) (1,136) (2,204) (751) (2,955)
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning assets (424) 2,411  1,987  (5,874) 12,785  6,911 
Total interest-earning assets (FTE) 40,791  68,314  109,105  97,493  228,207  325,700 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
NOW and interest-bearing demand accounts 1,060  30,561  31,621  677  72,508  73,185 
Money market accounts 829  41,552  42,381  538  97,862  98,400 
Savings deposits (29) 719  690  (35) 1,806  1,771 
Time deposits 2,255  27,833  30,088  2,541  61,306  63,847 
Brokered deposits 1,380  693  2,073  3,254  6,041  9,295 
Total interest-bearing deposits 5,495  101,358  106,853  6,975  239,523  246,498 
Federal funds purchased & other borrowings 180  (18) 162  3,130  29  3,159 
FHLB advances —  —  —  5,761  —  5,761 
Long-term debt (541) (537) 82  (1,258) (1,176)
Total borrowed funds 184  (559) (375) 8,973  (1,229) 7,744 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 5,679  100,799  106,478  15,948  238,294  254,242 
Increase in net interest revenue (FTE) $ 35,112  $ (32,485) $ 2,627  $ 81,545  $ (10,087) $ 71,458 

Provision for Credit Losses

The ACL represents management’s estimate of life of loan credit losses in the loan portfolio and unfunded loan commitments. Management’s estimate of credit losses under CECL is determined using a model that relies on reasonable and supportable forecasts and historical loss information to determine the balance of the ACL and resulting provision for credit losses. The provision for credit losses recorded in each period was the amount required such that the total ACL reflected the appropriate balance as determined by management reflecting expected life of loan losses.

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $30.3 million and $74.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $15.4 million and $44.1 million for the same periods of 2022.

The increase in provision during three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to a $19.0 million loss related to one relationship with a wholesale oil distributor that was part of a $218 million nationally syndicated credit, in which United’s participation was 8.7%. The borrower filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in March of 2023, at which time we placed the credit on nonaccrual status and included it in NPAs. When the bankruptcy converted to a Chapter 7 liquidation in August of 2023, the loan was charged off in full with no significant recovery expected.

Additionally, during the third quarter of 2023, we recorded the initial provision for credit losses on First Miami non-PCD loans and unfunded commitments of $3.92 million and $84,000, respectively. The provision recorded for the first nine months of 2023 also included the initial provision for credit losses on Progress non-PCD loans and unfunded commitments of $8.80 million and $1.65 million, respectively. Thus, the 2023 year to date initial provision for credit losses on loans and unfunded commitments resulting from acquisitions totaled $14.5 million, compared to 2022, which included $18.3 million related to the acquisition of Reliant. The remaining increase in provision expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 reflects organic loan growth, a weaker economic forecast and higher net charge-offs relative to the same periods of 2022.
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Additional discussion on credit quality and the ACL is included in the “Asset Quality and Risk Elements” section of MD&A in this Report.

Noninterest income
 
The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the periods indicated.
Table 5 - Noninterest Income
(in thousands)
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
Change Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Change
  2023 2022 Amount Percent 2023 2022 Amount Percent
Overdraft fees $ 3,214  $ 2,778  $ 436  16  % $ 8,470  $ 8,038  $ 432  %
ATM and debit card fees 4,145  3,857  288  11,857  12,038  (181) (2)
Other service charges and fees 2,956  2,934  22  8,464  8,568  (104) (1)
Total service charges and fees 10,315  9,569  746  28,791  28,644  147 
Mortgage loan gains and related fees 6,159  6,297  (138) (2) 17,264  29,420  (12,156) (41)
Wealth management fees 6,451  5,879  572  10  17,775  17,759  16  — 
Gains on sales of other loans 2,688  2,228  460  21  6,909  9,226  (2,317) (25)
Lending and loan servicing fees 2,985  2,946  39  9,979  7,518  2,461  33 
Securities losses, net —  —  —  (1,644) (3,688) 2,044 
Other noninterest income:
Customer derivatives 806  470  336  71  1,963  1,790  173  10 
Other investment gains (losses) (1,245) (1,492) 247  909  (3,333) 4,242 
BOLI 2,711  2,020  691  34  6,007  5,241  766  15 
Treasury management income 1,372  1,022  350  34  3,623  2,739  884  32 
Other (265) 2,983  (3,248) (109) 6,997  9,037  (2,040) (23)
Total other noninterest income 3,379  5,003  (1,624) (32) 19,499  15,474  4,025  26 
Total noninterest income $ 31,977  $ 31,922  $ 55  —  $ 98,573  $ 104,353  $ (5,780) (6)

The increase in total service charges and fees was driven by the acquisitions of Progress and First Miami since the third quarter of 2022 and increases in transaction volume from existing customers. Overdraft fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 reflect the elimination of a returned item fee effective July 1, 2022.

Mortgage loan gains and related fees consist primarily of fees earned in our mortgage origination business, including secondary market gains on sales, derivative hedging gains and losses and fair value adjustments to our mortgage loans held for sale. It also includes our mortgage servicing business which includes servicing fees and fair value adjustments on our mortgage servicing rights asset. The change in mortgage income is strongly tied to the interest rate environment and industry conditions. We recognize the majority of the origination income on mortgages when customers enter into mortgage rate lock commitments, making our rate lock volume a significant driver of mortgage gains in any given period.

The decrease in mortgage loan gains and related fees in the first nine months of 2023 was driven by higher interest rates which reduced demand compared to same period of 2022, as shown in the following table. In addition, during the first nine months of 2023, we recorded a $623,000 negative fair value adjustment, including decay, to the mortgage servicing rights asset, compared to a $7.40 million positive fair value adjustment, including decay, during the first nine months of 2022.

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Table 6 - Selected Mortgage Metrics
(dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022 % Change 2023 2022 % Change
Mortgage rate locks $ 304,415  $ 456,186  (33) % $ 943,886  $ 1,810,839  (48) %
# of mortgage rate locks 846  1,213  (30) 2,668 4,622 (42)
Mortgage loans sold $ 108,420  $ 93,183  16  $ 329,444  $ 460,232  (28)
# of mortgage loans sold 377 379 (1) 1,154 1,812 (36)
Mortgage loans originated:
Purchases $ 184,608  $ 269,743  (32) $ 610,036  $ 977,562  (38)
Refinances 26,860  47,533  (43) 89,339  300,128  (70)
Total $ 211,468  $ 317,276  (33) $ 699,375  $ 1,277,690  (45)
# of mortgage loans originated 614  841  (27) 1,969  3,243  (39)

Wealth management income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 includes income from assets under management acquired in the First Miami transaction, which contributed approximately $600,000 to the periods presented.

Our SBA/USDA lending strategy includes selling a portion of the loan production each quarter. The amount of loans sold depends on several variables including the current lending environment and balance sheet management activities. From time to time, we also sell certain equipment financing receivables. The following table presents loans sold and the corresponding gains or losses recognized on the sale for the periods indicated.

Table 7 - Other Loan Sales
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Loans Sold Gain Loans Sold Gain Loans Sold Gain Loans Sold Gain
Guaranteed portion of SBA/USDA loans $ 26,381  $ 1,545  $ 20,405  $ 1,535  $ 70,223  $ 4,635  $ 87,867  $ 7,108 
Equipment financing receivables 37,671  1,143  21,557  693  76,945  2,274  65,534  2,118 
Total $ 64,052  $ 2,688  $ 41,962  $ 2,228  $ 147,168  $ 6,909  $ 153,401  $ 9,226 

Lending and loan servicing fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased compared to the same period of 2022 as a result of more favorable fair market value adjustments on our SBA loan servicing asset and an increase in fees generated by our equipment finance business. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded negative fair value adjustments on our SBA servicing asset of $1.30 million compared to $2.14 million for the same period of 2022. Conversely, during the third quarter of 2023 we recorded a larger negative SBA servicing asset fair value adjustment of $1.24 million compared to $501,000 in the third quarter of 2022, which offset the increases in equipment finance fee income during the period.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we sold certain securities, which resulted in net securities losses. During 2023, proceeds from sales were used to fund loan growth and repay FHLB advances. During 2022, proceeds were reinvested in higher-yielding securities.

The change in other noninterest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same periods of 2022 was primarily driven by the following factors:
•During the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, we recorded net unrealized gains on deferred compensation plan assets and fintech and limited partnership investments, which were partially offset by unrealized losses on equity securities. For the same periods of 2022, we recorded net unrealized losses on deferred compensation plan assets, equity securities and fintech investments, which were partially offset by unrealized gains on limited partnership investments.
•The increase in BOLI income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same periods of 2022 is mostly due to the additional policies that were obtained in connection with the Progress acquisition. Additionally, BOLI income for the 2023 periods presented includes a death benefit gain of approximately $1.03 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded gains of $1.37 million.
49


•Other income for the quarter includes a $1.00 million loss on the disposal of two of our Tennessee branches, which mainly resulted from a $656,000 write down of the core deposit intangible associated with deposits sold in the transaction as well as losses on the buildings. In addition, we recorded collateral charges related to our derivative positions of $1.99 million and $3.31 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. This represents $1.74 million and $2.99 million increases compared to the same periods of 2022. The nine months ended September 30, 2023 also includes the gain on sale of a commercial insurance book of business of $1.59 million.

Noninterest Expenses 

The following table presents the components of noninterest expenses for the periods indicated. 
Table 8 - Noninterest Expenses
(in thousands)
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
Change Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Change
  2023 2022 Amount Percent 2023 2022 Amount Percent
Salaries and employee benefits $ 81,173  $ 67,823  $ 13,350  20  % $ 236,121  $ 208,062  $ 28,059  13  %
Communications and equipment 10,902  8,795  2,107  24  31,654  27,718  3,936  14 
Occupancy 10,941  9,138  1,803  20  31,024  27,381  3,643  13 
Advertising and public relations 2,251  2,544  (293) (12) 6,914  6,332  582 
Postage, printing and supplies 2,386  2,190  196  7,305  6,308  997  16 
Professional fees 7,006  4,821  2,185  45  19,670  14,670  5,000  34 
Lending and loan servicing expense 2,697  2,333  364  16  7,546  7,746  (200) (3)
Outside services - electronic banking 2,561  3,159  (598) (19) 8,646  8,629  17  — 
FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges 4,314  2,356  1,958  83  12,457  6,796  5,661  83 
Amortization of intangibles 4,171  1,678  2,493  149  11,120  5,207  5,913  114 
Other 6,904  6,172  732  12  22,785  16,066  6,719  42 
Total excluding merger-related and other charges 135,306  111,009  24,297  22  395,242  334,915  60,327  18 
Merger-related and other charges 9,168  1,746  7,422  21,444  17,905  3,539 
Total noninterest expenses $ 144,474  $ 112,755  $ 31,719  28  $ 416,686  $ 352,820  $ 63,866  18 

The increase in salaries and employee benefits for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 compared to the same periods of 2022 was primarily driven by the addition of Progress and First Miami employees and expansion of existing teams in our footprint. Full-time equivalent headcount totaled 3,151 at September 30, 2023, up from 2,826 at September 30, 2022, which represents a 12% increase. The increase also reflects our annual merit-based salary increases awarded at the beginning of the second quarter of 2023. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in commissions expense, primarily due to reduced mortgage production volume, as well as reduction in our bonus accrual and lower deferred origination costs.

Communications and equipment expense increased primarily due to incremental software contract costs and the growth in our network with the addition of recent acquisitions.

The increase in occupancy costs for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 compared to the same periods of 2022 was mostly attributable to the additional operating lease costs associated with Progress and First Miami.

Professional fees increased for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 compared to the same periods of 2022 mostly as a result of increased legal and consulting fees. The increase also reflects pre-conversion systems expense from the Progress and First Miami acquisitions.

The increase in FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges was primarily attributable to the 2 basis point assessment rate increase that went into effect for all banks on January 1, 2023, as well as an increased assessment base driven by higher average total assets partly resulting from the Progress and First Miami acquisitions.

Amortization of intangibles increased with the additional customer deposit intangibles recorded as a result of the Progress and First Miami acquisitions.

50


Increases in other noninterest expense were partly attributable to increases in fraud losses and travel expenses for the first nine months of 2023.

Merger-related and other charges for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 were primarily related to the acquisitions of Progress and First Miami, branch closure costs and rebranding expenses.

Balance Sheet Review
 
Total assets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $26.9 billion and $24.0 billion, respectively. Total liabilities at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $23.7 billion and $21.3 billion, respectively. Shareholders’ equity totaled $3.18 billion and $2.70 billion at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Loans

Our loan portfolio is our largest category of interest-earning assets. The following table presents a summary of the loan portfolio by loan type as of September 30, 2023, of which approximately 75% was secured by real estate.

Table 9 - Loan Portfolio Composition
As of September 30, 2023
267
Asset Quality and Risk Elements
 
We manage asset quality and control credit risk through review and oversight of the loan portfolio as well as adherence to policies designed to promote sound underwriting and loan monitoring practices. Our credit risk management function is responsible for monitoring asset quality and Board approved portfolio concentration limits, establishing credit policies and procedures and enforcing the consistent application of these policies and procedures.
 
We conduct reviews of special mention and substandard performing and non-performing loans, past due loans and portfolio concentrations on a regular basis to identify risk migration and potential charges to the ACL. These items are discussed in a series of meetings attended by credit risk management leadership and leadership from various lending groups. In addition to the reviews mentioned above, an independent loan review team reviews the portfolio to ensure consistent application of risk rating policies and procedures.

The ACL reflects our assessment of the life of loan expected credit losses in the loan portfolio and unfunded loan commitments. This assessment involves uncertainty and judgment and is subject to change in future periods. The amount of any changes could be significant if our assessment of loan quality or collateral values changes substantially with respect to one or more loan relationships or portfolios. The allocation of the ACL is based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, historical data, subjective judgment and estimates and therefore, is not necessarily indicative of the specific amounts or loan categories in which charge-offs may ultimately occur.
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See the Critical Accounting Estimates section of MD&A in our 2022 10-K for additional information on the ACL.

Table 10 - Allocation of ACL
(in thousands)
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
ACL % of loans in each category to total loans ACL % of loans in each category to total loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 23,984  18  $ 19,834  18 
Income producing commercial real estate 45,588  23  32,082  21 
Commercial & industrial 31,217  14  23,504  15 
Commercial construction 20,639  10  20,120  10 
Equipment financing 30,362  23,395 
Total commercial 151,790  73  118,935  73 
Residential mortgage 26,884  17  20,809  15 
Home equity 9,799  8,707 
Residential construction 2,874  2,049 
Manufactured housing 9,378  8,098 
Consumer 832  759 
Total ACL - loans 201,557  100  159,357  100 
ACL - unfunded commitments 18,067  21,163 
Total ACL $ 219,624  $ 180,520 
ACL - loans as a percentage of total loans 1.11  % 1.04  %
ACL - loans as a percentage of nonaccrual loans 224  360 

The increase in the total ACL since December 31, 2022 was partially driven by a weaker economic forecast and the initial ACL established for loans and unfunded commitments acquired in connection with the Progress and First Miami transactions on January 3, 2023 and July 1, 2023, respectively. The initial ACL for Progress loans and unfunded commitments totaled $11.5 million and $1.65 million, respectively. The initial ACL for First Miami loans and unfunded commitment totaled $7.64 million and $84,000, respectively. The impact of the acquisitions on the ACL for unfunded commitments was more than offset by the overall decrease in unfunded commitments, which resulted in a negative provision for unfunded commitments of $3.10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. See Provision for Credit Losses discussion within this MD&A for further information.

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The following table presents a summary of net charge-offs to average loans for the periods indicated.
Table 11 - Net Charge-offs to Average Loans
(in thousands)
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2023 2022 2023 2022
Net charge-offs (recoveries)
Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 582 $ (90) $ 467 $ (1,631)
Income producing commercial real estate 3,011 176 6,501 (230)
Commercial & industrial 17,542 (744) 20,513 1,883
Commercial construction (49) 10 (191) (507)
Equipment financing 6,325 1,121 12,237 2,295
Residential mortgage (129) (66) (259) (214)
Home equity (2,784) (102) (2,810) (529)
Residential construction 341 (109) 949 (208)
Manufactured housing 1,168 220 2,416 519
Consumer 631 718 2,298 1,665
Total net charge-offs $ 26,638 $ 1,134 $ 42,121 $ 3,043
Average loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate $ 3,240,648 $ 2,680,906 $ 3,136,798 $ 2,650,505
Income producing commercial real estate 3,956,141 3,274,246 3,719,663 3,291,809
Commercial & industrial 2,563,692 2,237,096 2,497,002 2,285,443
Commercial construction 1,820,224 1,508,481 1,785,226 1,487,598
Equipment financing 1,544,284 1,241,322 1,494,726 1,184,201
Residential mortgage 3,017,081 2,065,662 2,832,109 1,930,781
Home equity 947,027 813,637 932,424 791,673
Residential construction 437,235 400,680 466,201 382,549
Manufactured housing 346,518 292,648 337,578 278,449
Consumer 182,552 143,719 175,483 143,462
Total average loans $ 18,055,402 $ 14,658,397 $ 17,377,210 $ 14,426,470
Net charge-offs to average loans (1)
Owner occupied commercial real estate 0.07  % (0.01) % 0.02  % (0.08) %
Income producing commercial real estate 0.30  0.02  0.23  (0.01)
Commercial & industrial 2.71  (0.13) 1.10  0.11 
Commercial construction (0.01) —  (0.01) (0.05)
Equipment financing 1.62  0.36  1.09  0.26 
Residential mortgage (0.02) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01)
Home equity (1.17) (0.05) (0.40) (0.09)
Residential construction 0.31  (0.11) 0.27  (0.07)
Manufactured housing 1.34  0.30  0.96  0.25 
Consumer 1.37  1.98  1.75  1.55 
Total 0.59  0.03  0.32  0.03 
(1) Annualized.

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Nonperforming Assets

The table below summarizes NPAs for the periods indicated. NPAs include nonaccrual loans, OREO and repossessed assets. The increase in nonaccrual loans since December 31, 2022 is primarily driven by a small population of large commercial loans that moved to nonaccrual status and an increase in nonaccrual manufactured housing loans during the first nine months of 2023, which contributed to $46.4 million and $9.50 million of the increase, respectively. Additionally in the third quarter of 2023, $7.91 million of equipment financing loans moved to nonaccrual status. These additions were partially offset by reductions in nonaccrual loans resulting from repayments, payoffs, and charge-offs as well as loans returning to accrual status. Most notably, during the third quarter of 2023, we charged off $19.0 million in nonaccrual loans related to one relationship, which contributed to the decrease in NPAs since the second quarter of 2023.

Table 12 - NPAs
(in thousands)
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Nonaccrual loans 89,818  44,232 
OREO and repossessed assets 1,065  49 
Total NPAs $ 90,883  $ 44,281 
Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of total loans 0.49  % 0.29  %
NPAs as a percentage of total assets 0.34  0.18 

A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, the full principal and interest on a loan is not likely to be collected, or when the loan becomes 90 days past due. A loan may continue on accrual after 90 days with senior management approval if it is well collateralized and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current interest revenue. Interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied to reduce the loan’s amortized cost. Loans are generally returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, there is a sustained period of repayment performance and future payments are reasonably assured.
 
Generally, we do not commit to lend additional funds to customers whose loans are on nonaccrual status, although in certain isolated cases, we execute forbearance agreements whereby we agree to continue to fund construction loans to completion or other lines of credit as long as the borrower meets the conditions of the forbearance agreement. We may also fund other amounts necessary to protect collateral such as amounts to pay past due property taxes and insurance coverage.

Investment Securities

The composition of the investment securities portfolio reflects our investment strategy of maintaining an appropriate level of liquidity while providing a relatively stable source of revenue. The investment securities portfolio also provides a balance to interest rate risk and credit risk in other categories of the balance sheet while providing a vehicle for the investment of available funds, furnishing liquidity, and supplying securities to pledge as required collateral for certain deposits and borrowings.

Table 13 - Investment Securities
(in thousands)
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Carrying Value % of portfolio Carrying Value % of portfolio $ Change
AFS $ 3,182,112  56  % $ 3,614,333  58  % $ (432,221)
HTM 2,518,773  44  2,613,648  42  (94,875)
Total investment securities $ 5,700,885  $ 6,227,981  $ (527,096)
Investment securities as a % of total assets 21  % 26  %




54





Table 14 - Investment Securities Portfolio Composition
As of September 30, 2023
(in thousands)
671
In the first quarter of 2023, we sold $381 million in AFS securities, including approximately $111 million in securities received through the Progress acquisition, primarily for the purpose of providing liquidity to fund loan growth. For the same reason, during the third quarter of 2023, we sold approximately $215 million in securities received through the First Miami acquisition.
During the second quarter of 2023, we entered into a fair value hedge on a portion of our AFS securities portfolio in order to mitigate the impact of any potential future unrealized losses on our tangible common equity. The notional value of the securities hedged totaled $666 million as of September 30, 2023. Gains and losses related to the hedge and hedged item are reflected in investment securities interest income. During the third quarter of 2023, we recorded net gains on the hedge and hedged item of $3.77 million, including interest accruals. See Note 7 to the financial statements for further detail.
At September 30, 2023, HTM debt securities had a fair value of $1.99 billion, indicating net unrealized losses of $526 million. Additional unrealized losses on HTM debt securities of $70.4 million (pre-tax) were included in AOCI as a result of the transfer of AFS debt securities to HTM in 2022. Unrealized losses were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.
In accordance with CECL, our HTM debt securities portfolio is evaluated quarterly to assess whether an ACL is required. We measure expected credit losses on HTM debt securities on a collective basis by major security type. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, calculated credit losses on HTM debt securities were de minimis due to the high credit quality of the portfolio, which included securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies, GSEs, high credit quality municipalities and supranational entities. As a result, no ACL for HTM debt securities was recorded.
For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, if we intend to sell, or if it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. Absent circumstances when an AFS security would be sold, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. The evaluation considers factors such as the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, changes to the security’s rating, and adverse conditions specific to the security. If the evaluation indicates a credit loss exists, an ACL may be recorded, with such allowance limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. Any impairment unrelated to credit factors is recognized in OCI. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was no ACL related to the AFS debt securities portfolio. Unrealized losses at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 primarily reflected the effect of changes in interest rates.
55


Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the premium paid for acquired companies above the net fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including separately identifiable intangible assets. Management evaluates goodwill annually, or more frequently if necessary, to determine if any impairment exists. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the net carrying amount of goodwill was $920 million and $751 million, respectively.

We also have core deposit and customer relationship intangible assets, representing the value of acquired deposit and customer relationships, respectively, which are amortizing intangible assets. Amortizing intangible assets are required to be tested for impairment only when events or circumstances indicate that impairment may exist.

In connection with the acquisition of Progress in the first quarter of 2023, we recorded goodwill and a core deposit intangible of $146 million and $40.0 million, respectively. In connection with the acquisition of First Miami in the third quarter of 2023, we recorded goodwill and a core deposit intangible of $23.2 million and $18.0 million, respectively. See Note 4 to the financial statements for further information about these acquisitions. Also during the third quarter of 2023, United reduced its core deposit intangible related to the Reliant acquisition by $656,000 as a result of the sale of core deposits in connection with a whole branch disposal.

Deposits

Customer deposits are the primary source of funds for the continued growth of our earning assets. We believe our high level of service, as evidenced by our strong customer satisfaction scores, has been instrumental in attracting and retaining customer deposit accounts. The increase in deposits since December 31, 2022 was mostly driven by the deposits assumed in the Progress and First Miami transactions, although we also generated organic growth by increasing the rates offered on deposits to remain competitive in the market in the midst of the rising rate environment. As of September 30, 2023, we had approximately $8.79 billion of uninsured deposits, of which $2.28 billion was collateralized by investment securities.

Table 15 - Deposits
(in thousands)
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 6,782,031  $ 7,643,081 
NOW and interest-bearing demand 5,349,335  4,350,878 
Money market and savings 6,957,028  5,967,017 
Time 3,554,619  1,781,482 
Total customer deposits 22,643,013  19,742,458 
Brokered deposits 214,855  134,049 
Total deposits $ 22,857,868  $ 19,876,507 

Borrowing Activities

At both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had long-term debt outstanding of $325 million, which includes senior debentures, subordinated debentures, and trust preferred securities. Also at December 31, 2022, we had short-term borrowings outstanding of $159 million, which was mostly comprised of repurchase agreements, and we had $550 million of FHLB advances outstanding. At September 30, 2023, there were $37.3 million in short-term borrowings outstanding, which represents repurchase agreements obtained in connection with the First Miami transaction. There were no FHLB advances outstanding at September 30, 2023. The need to utilize short-term funding sources since December 31, 2022 has decreased as a result of the sale of investment securities noted above and growth in customer and brokered deposits, which allowed us to fund loan growth and repay short-term borrowings.

Contractual Obligations
 
There have not been any material changes to our contractual obligations since December 31, 2022.
 
56


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and financial guarantees.
 
A commitment to extend credit is an agreement to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Letters of credit and financial guarantees are conditional commitments issued to guarantee a customer’s performance to a third party and have essentially the same credit risk as extending loan facilities to customers. Those commitments are primarily issued to local businesses.
 
The exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and financial guarantees is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. We use the same credit underwriting procedures for making commitments, letters of credit and financial guarantees, as we use for underwriting on-balance sheet instruments. Management evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis and the amount of the collateral, if deemed necessary, is based on the credit evaluation. Collateral held varies, but may include unimproved and improved real estate, certificates of deposit, personal property or other acceptable collateral.
 
All of these instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. The total amount of these instruments does not necessarily represent future cash requirements because a significant portion of these instruments expire without being used. We are not involved in off-balance sheet contractual relationships, other than those disclosed in this Report, that could result in liquidity needs or other commitments, or that could significantly affect earnings. See Note 23 to the consolidated financial statements included in our 2022 10-K and Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements in this Report for additional information on off-balance sheet arrangements.

Interest Rate Sensitivity Management

The absolute level and volatility of interest rates can have a significant effect on profitability. The objective of interest rate risk management is to identify and manage the sensitivity of net interest revenue to changing interest rates, consistent with our overall financial goals. Based on economic conditions, asset quality and various other considerations, management establishes tolerance ranges for interest rate sensitivity and manages within these ranges. 

Net interest revenue and the fair value of financial instruments are influenced by changes in the level of interest rates. We limit our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates through policies established by our ALCO and approved by the Board. The ALCO meets periodically and has responsibility for formulating and recommending asset/liability management policies to the Board, formulating and implementing strategies to improve balance sheet positioning and/or earnings, and reviewing interest rate sensitivity. 

One of the tools management uses to estimate and manage the sensitivity of net interest revenue to changes in interest rates is an asset/liability simulation model. Resulting estimates are based upon multiple assumptions for each scenario, including loan and deposit re-pricing characteristics and the rate of prepayments. The ALCO periodically reviews the assumptions for reasonableness based on historical data and future expectations; however, actual net interest revenue may differ from model results. The primary objective of the simulation model is to measure the potential change in net interest revenue over time using multiple interest rate scenarios. The base scenario assumes rates remain flat and is the scenario to which all others are compared, in order to measure the change in net interest revenue. Policy limits are based on immediate rate shock scenarios, as well as gradually rising and falling rate scenarios, which are all compared to the base scenario. Our assumptions include floors such that market rates and discount rates do not go below zero. Other scenarios analyzed may include delayed rate shocks, yield curve steepening or flattening, or other variations in rate movements. While the primary policy scenarios focus on a 12-month time frame, longer time horizons are also modeled. 

Our policy is based on the 12-month impact on net interest revenue of interest rate shocks and ramps that increase from 100 to 400 basis points or decrease 100 to 200 basis points from the base scenario. In the shock scenarios, rates immediately change the full amount at the scenario onset. In the ramp scenarios, rates change by 25 basis points per month. Our policy limits the projected change in net interest revenue over the first 12 months to an 8% decrease for each 100 basis point change in the increasing and decreasing rate ramp and shock scenarios. The following table presents our interest sensitivity position at the dates indicated.

57


Table 16 - Interest Sensitivity
(in thousands)
  Increase (Decrease) in Net Interest Revenue from Base Scenario at
  September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Change in Rates Shock Ramp Shock Ramp
200 basis point increase 0.42  % (1.09) % 6.97  % 4.33  %
100 basis point increase 0.26  (0.62) 3.53  2.85 
100 basis point decrease (1.11) (0.15) (3.78) (3.12)
200 basis point decrease (3.65) (0.32) (8.39) (5.07)
The current environment is marked by the most rapid rate increases in decades, which, in part, has made non-bank products, such as U.S. Treasuries and money market funds, more attractive to our deposit customers. For this and other reasons, the banking industry’s deposit base has been shrinking since the first half of 2022. This industry-wide outflow of deposits has increased price competition for bank deposits. As such, industry deposit betas, including ours, have been increasing at a faster pace relative to the last rising rate cycle. Deposit beta is a measure of the change in a bank’s average rate paid on deposits to the change in the federal funds rate. Our cumulative total deposit beta for the current rising rate cycle increased to 37% in the third quarter of 2023, excluding First Miami. Our cumulative total deposit beta in the last upward rate cycle from November 2015 to July 2019 was 22%.
Our interest sensitivity model includes significant key assumptions which may change over time. Although our model generally assumes no change in deposit portfolio size or composition, we have included an assumption for the runoff of surge deposits since 2021. In the second quarter of 2023, in response to the rapid rate increases mentioned above, we increased the beta assumption in our model. As of September 30, 2023, the modeled total deposit beta, which is measured as the change in our overall deposit rate as a percentage of the change in the targeted Federal Funds rate, was 39%. A higher total deposit beta assumption generally indicates a less asset sensitive balance sheet and lowers the expected increase in net interest revenue in the increasing rate scenarios.

Liquidity Management 
Liquidity is defined as the ability to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss and to raise additional funds by increasing liabilities. Liquidity management involves maintaining the ability to meet the daily cash flow requirements of customers, both depositors and borrowers. The primary objective is to ensure that sufficient funding is available, at a reasonable cost, to meet ongoing operational cash needs and to take advantage of revenue producing opportunities as they arise. While the desired level of liquidity will vary depending upon a variety of factors, our primary goal is to maintain a sufficient level of liquidity in all expected economic environments. To assist in determining the adequacy of our liquidity, we perform a variety of liquidity stress tests. We maintain an unencumbered liquid asset reserve to help ensure our ability to meet our obligations under normal conditions for at least a 12-month period and under severely adverse liquidity conditions for a minimum of 30 days.
An important part of the Bank’s liquidity resides in the asset portion of the balance sheet, which provides liquidity primarily through loan interest and principal repayments and the maturities and sales of securities, as well as the ability to use these assets as collateral for borrowings on a secured basis.
The Bank’s main source of liquidity is customer interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposit accounts. Liquidity is also available from wholesale funding sources consisting primarily of repurchase agreements, Federal funds purchased, FHLB advances, and brokered deposits. These sources of liquidity are generally short-term in nature and are used as necessary to fund asset growth and meet other short-term liquidity needs. In response to recent bank failures, we have focused on maximizing the amount of securities and loans available as collateral for contingent liquidity sources as well as reevaluated the assumptions in our liquidity stress test, particularly as it relates to deposit duration.
At September 30, 2023, we had sufficient qualifying collateral to provide borrowing capacity for FHLB advances of $1.88 billion, Federal Reserve discount window borrowing capacity of $2.73 billion and Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program capacity of $2.03 billion. We also had unpledged investment securities of $1.53 billion that could be used as collateral for additional borrowings. In addition, we believe we have the ability to attract retail deposits by competing more aggressively on pricing.
In addition, because the Holding Company is a separate entity and apart from the Bank, it must provide for its own liquidity. The Holding Company is responsible for the payment of dividends declared for its common and preferred shareholders, and interest and principal on any outstanding debt or trust preferred securities. The Holding Company currently has internal capital resources to meet these obligations. While the Holding Company has access to the capital markets, the ultimate sources of its liquidity are subsidiary service fees and dividends from the Bank, which are limited by applicable law and regulations. A South Carolina state-chartered bank is permitted to pay a dividend of up to 100% of its current year earnings without requesting approval of the South Carolina Board of Financial Institutions, provided certain conditions are met.
58


Holding Company liquidity is managed to a minimum of 15-months of anticipated cash expenditures after considering all of its liquidity needs over this period.
Significant uses and sources of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 are as follows. See the consolidated statement of cash flows for further detail.
•Net cash provided by operating activities of $272 million reflects net income of $173 million adjusted for non-cash transactions, partly offset by changes in loans held for sale and other assets. Significant non-cash transactions for the period included a $74.8 million provision for credit losses and net depreciation, amortization, and accretion of $34.0 million.
•Net cash used in investing activities of $2.37 million primarily consisted of a net increase in loans of $875 million, purchases of AFS securities and outflows for equity investments totaling $429 million and net cash paid to dispose of two of our Tennessee branches of $93.6 million. These uses of cash were partially offset by proceeds from securities sales, maturities and calls of $1.12 billion, net cash received in the acquisitions of First Miami and Progress of $208 million and equity investment inflows of $124 million.
•Net cash used in financing activities of $157 million was driven by a net increase in deposits of $886 million, partially offset by net repayments of FHLB advances of $645 million, a net decrease in short-term borrowings of $310 million, and dividends on common and preferred stock of $82.4 million.
In the opinion of management, our liquidity position at September 30, 2023 was sufficient to meet our expected cash flow requirements for the foreseeable future.
Capital Resources and Dividends
 
Shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2023 was $3.18 billion, an increase of $483 million from December 31, 2022 primarily due to equity issued in the Progress and First Miami acquisitions and year-to-date earnings, partially offset by dividends declared on common and preferred stock.

The following table shows capital ratios, as calculated under applicable regulatory guidelines, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, capital levels remained characterized as “well-capitalized” under regulatory requirements in effect at the time. Additional information related to capital ratios is provided in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements.

Table 17 - Capital Ratios
United Community Banks, Inc.
(Consolidated)
United Community Bank
Minimum Well-
Capitalized
Minimum Capital Plus Capital Conservation Buffer September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Risk-based ratios:
CET1 capital 4.5  % 6.5  % 7.0  % 12.15  % 12.26  % 12.26  % 12.83  %
Tier 1 capital 6.0  8.0  8.5  12.60  12.81  12.26  12.83 
Total capital 8.0  10.0  10.5  14.45  14.79  13.25  13.70 
Leverage ratio 4.0  5.0  N/A 9.70  9.69  9.43  9.69 

Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices
 
A bank’s asset and liability structure is substantially different from that of an industrial firm in that primarily all assets and liabilities of a bank are monetary in nature with relatively little investment in fixed assets or inventories. Inflation has an important effect on the growth of total assets and the resulting need to increase equity capital at higher than normal rates in order to maintain an appropriate equity to assets ratio.
 
Management believes the effect of inflation on financial results depends on our ability to react to changes in interest rates, and by such reaction, reduce the inflationary effect on performance. We have an asset/liability management program to manage interest rate sensitivity. In addition, periodic reviews of banking services and products are conducted to adjust pricing in view of current and expected costs.
59


Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
 
There have been no material changes in our market risk as of September 30, 2023 from that presented in our 2022 10-K. Our interest rate sensitivity position at September 30, 2023 is set forth in Table 16 in MD&A of this Report and incorporated herein by this reference.
 
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

    (a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of September 30, 2023. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

    (b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

60


Part II. OTHER INFORMATION 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings
 
In the ordinary course of business, the Holding Company and the Bank are parties to various legal proceedings. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, the Holding Company and the Bank are subject to regulatory examinations and investigations. Based on our current knowledge and advice of counsel, in the opinion of management there is no such pending or threatened legal matter which would result in a material adverse effect upon our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Items 1A. Risk Factors

Except with respect to the additional risk factors related to the First Miami acquisition, which are set forth on pages 22 through 23 of the prospectus filed with the SEC on April 24, 2023 pursuant to Securities Act Rule 424(b)(3) (and incorporated herein by this reference), there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2022 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table contains information regarding purchases of our preferred stock made during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 by or on behalf of United or any “affiliated purchaser,” as defined by Rule 10b-18(a)(3) of the Exchange Act:

Preferred Stock Depositary Share Repurchases
(Dollars in thousands, except for per share amounts) Total Number of Depositary Shares
Purchased
Average
Price Paid
per Depositary Share
Total Number of
Depositary Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs (1)
July 1, 2023 - July 31, 2023
59,549  $ 20.89  59,549  $ 23,534 
August 1, 2023 - August 31, 2023
150,139  20.62  150,139  20,438 
September 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023
34,324  21.84  34,324  19,688 
Total 244,012  $ 20.86  244,012 
 
(1) In May 2023, United’s Board authorized a preferred stock repurchase program to permit the repurchase of up to $25 million of its preferred stock. The program is scheduled to expire on the earlier of the repurchase of our preferred stock having an aggregate purchase price of $25 million or December 31, 2023. Under the program, shares may be repurchased in open market transactions or in privately negotiated transactions, from time to time, subject to market conditions, including transactions outside the safe harbor provided by Exchange Act Rule 10b-18 (but nevertheless adhering to Rule 10-b-18’s requirements). The preferred stock repurchase program may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion without prior notice, and does not commit the Company to repurchase shares of its preferred stock or depositary shares. The actual number and value of the shares to be purchased will be determined by the Company at its discretion, and will depend on a number of factors including the performance of the price of the depositary shares, market conditions, the availability of alternative investment opportunities and other factors the Company deems appropriate.
61


Item 6. Exhibits

(d)     Exhibits. See Exhibit Index below.

EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.   Description
 
 
 
101
Interactive data files for United Community Bank, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited); (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited); (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited); (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited); (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited); and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
104
The cover page from United Community Bank’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (formatted in Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101)


62


Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
  UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
   
  /s/ H. Lynn Harton
  H. Lynn Harton
  President and Chief Executive Officer
  (Principal Executive Officer)
   
  /s/ Jefferson L. Harralson
  Jefferson L. Harralson
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial Officer)
   
  /s/ Alan H. Kumler
  Alan H. Kumler
  Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
  (Principal Accounting Officer)
   
 
Date: November 3, 2023
 

63
EX-31.1 2 ucbi9302310-qexhibit311.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1
 
I, H. Lynn Harton, certify that:
 
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of United Community Banks, Inc. (the “Registrant”);
 
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a - 15(f) and 15d - 15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: November 3, 2023
  /s/ H. Lynn Harton
H. Lynn Harton
    President and Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant
 
 


EX-31.2 3 ucbi9302310-qexhibit312.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2
 
I, Jefferson L. Harralson, certify that:
 
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of United Community Banks, Inc. (the “Registrant”);
 
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a - 15(f) and 15d - 15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 
 
Date: November 3, 2023
  /s/ Jefferson L. Harralson
    Jefferson L. Harralson
    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant


EX-32 4 ucbi9302310-qexhibit32.htm EX-32 Document

Exhibit 32
 
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report of United Community Banks, Inc. (“United”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of United certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of United.
  /s/ H. Lynn Harton
  Name: H. Lynn Harton
  Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: November 3, 2023
   
  /s/ Jefferson L. Harralson
  Name: Jefferson L. Harralson
  Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  Date: November 3, 2023