株探米国株
英語
エドガーで原本を確認する
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025
or
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File Number: 0-18415
Isabella Bank Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Michigan 38-2830092
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
401 N. Main St Mt. Pleasant  MI 48858
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(989) 772-9471
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value per share ISBA
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes    ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    ☒  Yes    ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐  Yes   ☒  No
The number of common shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock (no par value) was 7,359,911 as of August 8, 2025.


ISABELLA BANK CORPORATION
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
Table of Contents
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
2

Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations
The acronyms and abbreviations identified below may be used throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 or in our other SEC filings. You may find it helpful to refer back to this page while reading this report.
ACL: Allowance for credit losses Freddie Mac: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
AFS: Available-for-sale FTE: Fully taxable equivalent
ALCO: Asset-Liability Committee GAAP: U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income HFS: Held-for-sale
ASC: FASB Accounting Standards Codification IRR: Interest rate risk
ASU: FASB Accounting Standards Update N/A: Not applicable
ATM: Automated teller machine N/M: Not meaningful
AUM: Assets under management NASDAQ: NASDAQ Stock Market Index
BOLI: Bank-owned life insurance NAV: Net asset value
CECL: Current expected credit losses NIM: Net interest margin
CIK: Central Index Key NSF: Non-sufficient funds
DIF: Deposit Insurance Fund OBBBA: One Big Beautiful Bill Act
DIFS: Department of Insurance and Financial Services OCI: Other comprehensive income (loss)
Directors Plan: Isabella Bank Corporation and Related Companies Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors OMSR: Originated mortgage servicing rights
Dividend Reinvestment Plan: Isabella Bank Corporation Stockholder Dividend Reinvestment Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan OREO: Other real estate owned
ETR: Effective tax rate Rabbi Trust: A trust established to fund our Directors Plan
Exchange Act: Securities Exchange Act of 1934 RSP: Isabella Bank Corporation Restricted Stock Plan
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation SEC: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
FFIEC: Federal Financial Institutions Examinations Council SOX: Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank XBRL: eXtensible Business Reporting Language
FRB: Federal Reserve Bank Yield Curve: U.S. Treasury Yield Curve
3

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands)
June 30
2025
December 31
2024
ASSETS
Cash and demand deposits due from banks $ 34,246  $ 22,830 
Fed Funds sold and interest bearing balances due from banks 74,308  1,712 
Total cash and cash equivalents 108,554  24,542 
AFS securities, at fair value 500,560  489,029 
FHLB stock 5,600  12,762 
Mortgage loans HFS 55  242 
Loans 1,397,513  1,423,571 
Less allowance for credit losses 12,977  12,895 
Net loans 1,384,536  1,410,676 
Premises and equipment 28,171  27,659 
Cash surrender value of BOLI 45,774  34,882 
Goodwill and other intangible assets 48,282  48,283 
Other assets 34,636  38,166 
Total assets $ 2,156,168  $ 2,086,241 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities
Demand deposits $ 493,477  $ 416,373 
Interest bearing demand deposits 223,376  237,548 
Money market deposits 446,845  423,883 
Savings 289,746  281,665 
Certificates of deposit 395,932  387,591 
Total deposits 1,849,376  1,747,060 
Short-term borrowings 43,208  53,567 
FHLB advances —  30,000 
Subordinated debt, net of unamortized issuance costs 29,469  29,424 
Total borrowed funds 72,677  112,991 
Other liabilities 13,615  15,914 
Total liabilities 1,935,668  1,875,965 
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock — no par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized: issued and outstanding 7,361,684 shares at June 30, 2025 and 7,424,893 shares at December 31, 2024
124,607  126,224 
Shares to be issued for deferred compensation obligations 2,331  2,383 
Retained earnings 107,949  103,024 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (14,387) (21,355)
Total shareholders’ equity 220,500  210,276 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 2,156,168  $ 2,086,241 




See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
4

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)
Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
  2025 2024 2025 2024
Interest income
Loans $ 19,832  $ 18,863  $ 39,180  $ 36,920 
AFS securities 3,032  2,804  5,675  5,688 
FHLB stock 125  158  285  304 
Federal funds sold and other 253  263  735  556 
Total interest income 23,242  22,088  45,875  43,468 
Interest expense
Deposits 7,391  7,313  14,854  14,476 
Short-term borrowings 324  321  665  642 
FHLB advances 132  638  170  1,026 
Subordinated debt 266  266  532  532 
Total interest expense 8,113  8,538  16,221  16,676 
Net interest income 15,129  13,550  29,654  26,792 
(Reversal of) provision for credit losses (1,099) 170  (1,206) 562 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 16,228  13,380  30,860  26,230 
Noninterest income
Service charges and fees 2,071  2,023  4,045  3,956 
Wealth management fees 1,084  1,048  2,063  1,987 
Earnings on BOLI 300  253  672  496 
Net gain on sale of mortgage loans 47  67  77  101 
Other 184  217  357  536 
Total noninterest income 3,686  3,608  7,214  7,076 
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits 7,496  6,970  14,879  13,985 
Occupancy and equipment 2,650  2,619  5,250  5,325 
Other professional services 863  527  1,574  1,040 
ATM and debit card fees 555  487  1,041  956 
Marketing 469  425  928  851 
FDIC insurance premiums 267  280  570  532 
Other losses 339  416  454  561 
Other 1,106  1,171  2,348  2,321 
Total noninterest expenses 13,745  12,895  27,044  25,571 
Income before income tax expense 6,169  4,093  11,030  7,735 
Income tax expense 1,138  612  2,050  1,123 
Net income $ 5,031  $ 3,481  $ 8,980  $ 6,612 
Earnings per common share
Basic $ 0.68  $ 0.47  $ 1.21  $ 0.88 
Diluted 0.68  0.46  1.21  0.88 
Cash dividends per common share 0.28  0.28  0.56  0.56 




See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
5

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
  2025 2024 2025 2024
Net income $ 5,031  $ 3,481  $ 8,980  $ 6,612 
Unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities 3,879  703  8,893  (2,223)
Tax effect (1)
(827) (149) (1,925) 483 
Unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities, net of tax 3,052  554  6,968  (1,740)
Comprehensive income (loss) $ 8,083  $ 4,035  $ 15,948  $ 4,872 
(1) See “Note 6 – Capital Ratios and Shareholders' Equity” of these consolidated financial statements for tax effect reconciliation.




























See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
6

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)
Common Stock
Common Shares
Outstanding
Amount Common Shares to be
Issued for
Deferred
Compensation
Obligations
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Totals
April 1, 2024 7,488,101  $ 126,656  $ 3,890  $ 98,318  $ (28,190) $ 200,674 
Comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  3,481  554  4,035 
Issuance of common stock 21,524  393  —  —  —  393 
Share-based payment awards under the Directors Plan —  61  —  —  61 
Share-based compensation expense recognized in earnings under the RSP —  20  —  —  —  20 
Common stock purchased for deferred compensation obligations —  (281) —  —  —  (281)
Common stock repurchased (35,609) (662) —  —  —  (662)
Cash dividends paid ($0.28 per common share)
—  —  —  (1,991) —  (1,991)
June 30, 2024 7,474,016  $ 126,126  $ 3,951  $ 99,808  $ (27,636) $ 202,249 
April 1, 2025 7,408,010  $ 125,547  $ 2,508  $ 104,940  $ (17,439) $ 215,556 
Comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  5,031  3,052  8,083 
Issuance of common stock 11,498  340  —  —  —  340 
Common stock transferred from the Rabbi Trust to satisfy deferred compensation obligations —  211  (211) —  —  — 
Share-based payment awards under the Directors Plan —  —  34  —  —  34 
Share-based compensation expense recognized in earnings under the RSP —  14  —  —  —  14 
Common stock repurchased (57,824) (1,505) —  —  —  (1,505)
Cash dividends paid ($0.28 per common share)
—  —  —  (2,022) —  (2,022)
June 30, 2025 7,361,684  $ 124,607  $ 2,331  $ 107,949  $ (14,387) $ 220,500 
7

Common Stock
Common Shares
Outstanding
Amount Common Shares to be
Issued for
Deferred
Compensation
Obligations
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Totals
December 31, 2023 7,485,889  $ 127,323  $ 3,693  $ 97,282  $ (25,896) $ 202,402 
Comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  6,612  (1,740) 4,872 
Issuance of common stock 43,980  840  —  —  —  840 
Common stock issued for deferred compensation under the RSP 16,240  —  —  —  —  — 
Common stock transferred from the Rabbi Trust to satisfy deferred compensation obligations —  21  (21) —  —  — 
Share-based payment awards under the Directors Plan —  —  279  —  —  279 
Share-based compensation expense recognized in earnings under the RSP —  45  —  —  —  45 
Common stock purchased for deferred compensation obligations —  (701) —  —  —  (701)
Common stock repurchased (72,093) (1,402) —  —  —  (1,402)
Cash dividends paid ($0.56 per common share)
—  —  —  (4,086) —  (4,086)
June 30, 2024 7,474,016  $ 126,126  $ 3,951  $ 99,808  $ (27,636) $ 202,249 
December 31, 2024 7,424,893  $ 126,224  $ 2,383  $ 103,024  $ (21,355) $ 210,276 
Comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  8,980  6,968  15,948 
Issuance of common stock 28,830  759  —  —  —  759 
Common stock issued for deferred compensation under the RSP 11,367  —  —  —  —  — 
Common stock transferred from the Rabbi Trust to satisfy deferred compensation obligations —  253  (253) —  —  — 
Share-based payment awards under the Directors Plan —  —  201  —  —  201 
Share-based compensation expense recognized in earnings under the RSP —  21  —  —  —  21 
Common stock repurchased (103,406) (2,650) —  —  —  (2,650)
Cash dividends paid ($0.56 per common share)
—  —  —  (4,055) —  (4,055)
June 30, 2025 7,361,684  $ 124,607  $ 2,331  $ 107,949  $ (14,387) $ 220,500 


















See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
8

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands)
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
  2025 2024
Operating activities
Net income $ 8,980  $ 6,612 
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities
(Reversal of) provision for credit losses (1,206) 562 
Depreciation 1,072  1,025 
Net amortization of AFS securities 543  692 
Net gain on sale of mortgage loans (77) (101)
Increase in cash value of BOLI (667) (490)
Share-based payment awards 222  324 
Origination of loans HFS (3,018) (4,214)
Proceeds from loan sales 3,282  3,678 
Net changes in:
Other assets 1,899  544 
Other liabilities 1,513  330 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 12,543  8,962 
Investing activities
Proceeds from maturities, calls and prepayments of AFS securities 47,819  19,587 
Purchases of AFS securities (51,000) — 
Net change in loans HFI 27,053  (33,078)
Purchases of premises and equipment (1,584) (1,229)
Purchases of BOLI policies (10,225) — 
Proceeds from sale of FHLB Stock 7,162  — 
Low income housing tax credit investments (3,767) (3)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 15,458  (14,723)
Financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in deposits 102,316  (1,396)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings (10,359) (2,607)
Net increase (decrease) in FHLB advances (30,000) 5,000 
Cash dividends paid on common stock (4,055) (4,086)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 759  840 
Common stock repurchased (2,650) (1,402)
Common stock purchased for deferred compensation obligations —  (701)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 56,011  (4,352)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 84,012  (10,113)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 24,542  33,672 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 108,554  $ 23,559 
Supplemental cash flows information
Interest paid $ 16,335  $ 16,651 
Supplemental noncash information
Transfers of loans to foreclosed assets 293  330 


See notes to interim condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
9

NOTES TO INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)
Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION: As used in these notes, as well as in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, references to “we,” “our,” “us,” and “the Corporation” refer to Isabella Bank Corporation, a Michigan corporation and registered financial holding company, our wholly-owned banking subsidiary, Isabella Bank, and our other consolidated subsidiaries. References to the “Bank” refer to Isabella Bank.
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 (this “Form 10-Q”) have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025. For further information, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 12, 2025 (the “2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K”).
OPERATING SEGMENTS: Segment information is prepared on the same basis that our CEO, who is our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), manages our segments, evaluates financial results, and makes key operating decisions. While the CODM monitors the revenue streams of our various products and services, operations are managed, and financial performance is evaluated on a corporate-wide basis. Operating segments are aggregated into one as operating results for all segments are similar. Accordingly, all of the banking-related operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.
The segment is also distinguished by the level of information provided to the CODM, who uses such information to review performance of various components of the business, which are then aggregated if operating performance, products and services, and geographical regions are similar. The CODM will evaluate the financial performance of our business components by evaluating revenue streams, significant expenses, and budget to actual results in assessing our reportable segment and in the determination of allocating resources. Further, the CODM uses revenue streams to evaluate product pricing and significant expenses to assess performance and evaluate return on assets.
Consolidated net income is used to benchmark results against our competitors. Benchmarking and monitoring of budget to actual results are used in assessment performance and in establishing compensation. Revenue from banking operations consists primarily of loan and investment interest, deposit related fees, and wealth fees. Interest expense, provision for credit losses, compensation, and occupancy and equipment costs provide the significant expenses in our banking operations. All operations are domestic.
RECLASSIFICATIONS: Certain amounts reported in the interim 2024 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the 2025 presentation. Additionally, certain amounts reported as commercial and industrial loans have been reclassified as commercial real estate loans to conform to the June 30, 2025 presentation. Our accounting policies are materially the same as those discussed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
10

Note 2 – AFS Securities
The amortized cost and fair value of AFS securities, with gross unrealized gains and losses, are as follows at:
  June 30, 2025
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
U.S. Treasury $ 210,588  $ —  $ 6,282  $ 204,306 
States and political subdivisions 72,933  4,617  68,320 
Auction rate money market preferred 3,200  —  435  2,765 
Mortgage-backed securities 26,093  —  1,436  24,657 
Collateralized mortgage obligations 197,190  744  4,694  193,240 
Corporate 8,150  —  878  7,272 
Total $ 518,154  $ 748  $ 18,342  $ 500,560 
  December 31, 2024
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
U.S. Treasury $ 230,807  $ —  $ 10,236  $ 220,571 
States and political subdivisions 81,135  4,576  76,568 
Auction rate money market preferred 3,200  —  156  3,044 
Mortgage-backed securities 29,068  —  2,182  26,886 
Collateralized mortgage obligations 163,156  —  8,482  154,674 
Corporate 8,150  —  864  7,286 
Total $ 515,516  $ $ 26,496  $ 489,029 
The amortized cost and fair value of AFS securities by contractual maturity at June 30, 2025 are as follows:
Maturing Securities with Variable Monthly Payments or Noncontractual Maturities
Due in
One Year
or Less
After One
Year But
Within
Five Years
After Five
Years But
Within
Ten Years
After
Ten Years
Total
U.S. Treasury $ 110,318  $ 100,270  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 210,588 
States and political subdivisions 11,398  18,614  20,053  22,868  —  72,933 
Auction rate money market preferred —  —  —  —  3,200  3,200 
Mortgage-backed securities —  —  —  —  26,093  26,093 
Collateralized mortgage obligations —  —  —  —  197,190  197,190 
Corporate —  —  8,150  —  —  8,150 
Total amortized cost $ 121,716  $ 118,884  $ 28,203  $ 22,868  $ 226,483  $ 518,154 
Fair value $ 118,985  $ 115,038  $ 25,551  $ 20,324  $ 220,662  $ 500,560 
Expected maturities for government sponsored enterprises and states and political subdivisions may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.
As the auction rate money market preferred investments have continual call dates, they are not reported by a specific maturity group. Because of their variable monthly payments, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are not reported by a specific maturity group.
11

The information in the following tables pertains to AFS securities with gross unrealized losses at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position.
  June 30, 2025
  Less Than Twelve Months Twelve Months or More  
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Total
Unrealized
Losses
U.S. Treasury $ —  $ —  $ 6,282  $ 204,306  $ 6,282 
States and political subdivisions 224  14,716  4,393  37,646  4,617 
Auction rate money market preferred —  —  435  2,765  435 
Mortgage-backed securities —  —  1,436  24,657  1,436 
Collateralized mortgage obligations 21  5,843  4,673  136,395  4,694 
Corporate 83  1,617  795  5,655  878 
Total $ 328  $ 22,176  $ 18,014  $ 411,424  $ 18,342 
Number of securities in an unrealized loss position: 73  195  268 
  December 31, 2024
  Less Than Twelve Months Twelve Months or More
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Total
Unrealized
Losses
U.S. Treasury $ —  $ —  $ 10,236  $ 220,571  $ 10,236 
States and political subdivisions 486  23,553  4,090  36,796  4,576 
Auction rate money market preferred —  —  156  3,044  156 
Mortgage-backed securities —  —  2,182  26,886  2,182 
Collateralized mortgage obligations 185  5,646  8,297  149,028  8,482 
Corporate —  —  864  7,286  864 
Total $ 671  $ 29,199  $ 25,825  $ 443,611  $ 26,496 
Number of securities in an unrealized loss position: 175  178  353 
As of June 30, 2025, no ACL has been recognized on AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, as management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to reasons of credit quality. This is based on our analysis of the underlying risk characteristics, including credit ratings, and other qualitative factors related to our AFS securities and consideration of our historical credit loss experience and internal forecasts. The issuers of these securities continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Management does not currently intend to sell any of the securities classified as AFS in the table above, and believes it is more likely than not that we will not have to sell any such securities before a recovery of cost. The unrealized losses are due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their respective maturity date or repricing date, or if the market yields for such investments decline.
12

Note 3 – Loans and ACL
Loan Composition
The following table provides a detailed listing of our loan portfolio at:
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Balance Percent of Total Balance Percent of Total
Commercial and industrial
Secured $ 175,397  12.55  % $ 177,239  12.45  %
Unsecured 32,322  2.31  % 23,384  1.64  %
Total commercial and industrial 207,719  14.86  % 200,623  14.09  %
Commercial real estate
Commercial mortgage owner occupied 218,538  15.64  % 213,086  14.97  %
Commercial mortgage non-owner occupied 228,720  16.36  % 217,679  15.29  %
Commercial mortgage 1-4 family investor 94,740  6.78  % 92,497  6.50  %
Commercial mortgage multifamily 72,385  5.18  % 68,456  4.81  %
Total commercial real estate 614,383  43.96  % 591,718  41.57  %
Advances to mortgage brokers 3,005  0.22  % 63,080  4.43  %
Agricultural
Agricultural mortgage 67,147  4.81  % 67,550  4.75  %
Agricultural other 29,695  2.12  % 32,144  2.26  %
Total agricultural 96,842  6.93  % 99,694  7.01  %
Residential real estate
Senior lien 347,280  24.85  % 332,743  23.37  %
Junior lien 9,765  0.70  % 8,655  0.61  %
Home equity lines of credit 41,623  2.98  % 39,474  2.77  %
Total residential real estate 398,668  28.53  % 380,872  26.75  %
Consumer
Secured - direct 31,893  2.28  % 35,050  2.46  %
Secured - indirect 41,743  2.99  % 49,136  3.45  %
Unsecured 3,260  0.23  % 3,398  0.24  %
Total consumer 76,896  5.50  % 87,584  6.15  %
Total $ 1,397,513  100.00  % $ 1,423,571  100.00  %
We grant commercial, agricultural, residential real estate, and consumer loans to customers primarily in Bay, Clare, Gratiot, Isabella, Mecosta, Midland, Montcalm, and Saginaw counties in Michigan. The ability of borrowers to honor their repayment obligations is often dependent upon the real estate, agricultural, manufacturing, retail, gaming, tourism, health care, higher education, and general economic conditions of this region. Substantially all of our consumer and residential real estate loans are secured by various items of property, while commercial loans are secured primarily by real estate, business assets, and personal guarantees. A small portion of loans are unsecured.
Loans that we have the intent and ability to hold in our portfolio are reported at their outstanding principal balance adjusted for any charge-offs, the ACL, and deferred fees or costs. Unless a loan has a nonaccrual status, interest income is accrued over the term of the loan based on the principal amount outstanding. Loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs are capitalized and recognized as a component of interest income over the term of the loan using the appropriate amortization method. Net unamortized deferred loan costs were $3,268 and $3,330 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Commercial and agricultural loans include loans for commercial real estate, commercial operating loans, advances to mortgage brokers, farmland and agricultural production, and loans to states and political subdivisions. Repayment of these loans is dependent upon the successful operation and management of a business. We minimize our risk by limiting the amount of direct credit exposure to any one borrower to $18,000. Borrowers with direct credit needs of more than $18,000 may be serviced through the use of loan participations with other commercial banks. Commercial and agricultural real estate loans commonly require loan-to-value limits of 80% or less. Depending upon the type of loan, past credit history, and current operating results, we may require the borrower to pledge accounts receivable, inventory, property, or equipment.
13

Government agency guarantee may be required. Personal guarantees and/or life insurance beneficiary assignments are generally required from the owners of closely held corporations, partnerships, and sole proprietorships. In addition, we may require annual financial statements, prepare cash flow analyses, and review credit reports.
We offer adjustable-rate mortgages, construction loans, and fixed rate residential real estate loans which have amortization periods up to a maximum of 30 years. We consider the anticipated direction of interest rates, balance sheet duration, the sensitivity of our balance sheet to changes in interest rates, our liquidity needs, and overall loan demand to determine whether or not to sell fixed rate loans to Freddie Mac.
Our lending policies generally limit the maximum loan-to-value ratio on residential real estate loans to 100% of the lower of the appraised value of the property or the purchase price. Private mortgage insurance is typically required on loans with loan-to-value ratios in excess of 80% unless the loan qualifies for government guarantees.
Underwriting criteria for originated residential real estate loans generally include:
•Evaluation of the borrower’s ability to make monthly payments.
•Evaluation of the value of the property securing the loan.
•Ensuring the payment of principal, interest, taxes, and hazard insurance generally does not exceed 28% of a borrower’s gross income.
•Ensuring all debt servicing does not exceed 40% of income.
•Verification of acceptable credit reports.
•Verification of employment, income, and financial information.
Appraisals are performed by independent appraisers and are reviewed for appropriateness. Generally, mortgage loan requests are reviewed by our mortgage loan committee or through a secondary market underwriting system; loans in excess of $1,000 require the approval of one or more of the following committees: Internal Loan Committee, the Executive Loan Committee, or the Board of Directors.
Consumer loans include secured and unsecured personal loans. Loans are amortized for a period of up to 15 years based on the age and value of the underlying collateral. The underwriting emphasis is on a borrower’s perceived intent and ability to pay rather than collateral value. No consumer loans are sold to the secondary market.
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
The accrual of interest on commercial and agricultural loans, as well as residential real estate loans, is discontinued at the time a loan is 90 days or more past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of short-term collection. Upon transferring a loan to nonaccrual status, we perform an evaluation to determine the net realizable value of the underlying collateral. This evaluation is used to help determine if a charge-off is necessary. Consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 180 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual term of the loan. In all cases, a loan is placed in nonaccrual status at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.
When a loan is placed in nonaccrual status, all interest accrued in the current calendar year, but not collected, is reversed against interest income while interest accrued in prior calendar years, but not collected, is charged against the ACL. Loans may be returned to accrual status after six months of continuous performance and achievement of current payment status. Accrued interest receivable on loans was $5,858 and $6,384 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
14

The following table summarizes nonaccrual loan data by class of loans as of:
  June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
  Total Nonaccrual Loans Nonaccrual Loans with No ACL Total Nonaccrual Loans Nonaccrual Loans with No ACL
Commercial and industrial
Secured $ 17  $ 17  $ —  $ — 
Commercial real estate
Commercial mortgage non-owner occupied 533  533  —  — 
Residential real estate
Senior lien 614  614  282  282 
Total $ 1,164  $ 1,164  $ 282  $ 282 
The following tables summarize the past due and current loans for the entire loan portfolio as of:
  June 30, 2025
  Past Due:     Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
30-59
Days
60-89
Days
90 Days
or More
Current Total
Commercial and industrial
Secured $ 221  $ 17  $ —  $ 175,159  $ 175,397  $ — 
Unsecured —  —  —  32,322  32,322  — 
Total commercial and industrial 221  17  —  207,481  207,719  — 
Commercial real estate
Commercial mortgage owner occupied —  —  218,530  218,538  — 
Commercial mortgage non-owner occupied —  —  533  228,187  228,720  — 
Commercial mortgage 1-4 family investor 159  —  —  94,581  94,740  — 
Commercial mortgage multifamily —  —  —  72,385  72,385  — 
Total commercial real estate 167  —  533  613,683  614,383  — 
Advances to mortgage brokers —  —  —  3,005  3,005  — 
Agricultural
Agricultural mortgage —  —  67,138  67,147  — 
Agricultural other —  —  29,687  29,695  — 
Total agricultural 17  —  —  96,825  96,842  — 
Residential real estate
Senior lien 52  486  420  346,322  347,280  31 
Junior lien —  —  —  9,765  9,765  — 
Home equity lines of credit —  —  —  41,623  41,623  — 
Total residential real estate 52  486  420  397,710  398,668  31 
Consumer
Secured - direct 66  —  31,819  31,893  — 
Secured - indirect 139  —  —  41,604  41,743  — 
Unsecured —  —  3,252  3,260  — 
Total consumer 155  66  —  76,675  76,896  — 
Total $ 612  $ 569  $ 953  $ 1,395,379  $ 1,397,513  $ 31 
15

  December 31, 2024
  Past Due:     Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
30-59
Days
60-89
Days
90 Days
or More
Current Total
Commercial and industrial
Secured $ 328  $ —  $ —  $ 176,911  $ 177,239  $ — 
Unsecured —  50  —  23,334  23,384  — 
Total commercial and industrial 328  50  —  200,245  200,623  — 
Commercial real estate
Commercial mortgage owner occupied 25  304  —  212,757  213,086  — 
Commercial mortgage non-owner occupied 792  —  —  216,887  217,679  — 
Commercial mortgage 1-4 family investor —  —  —  92,497  92,497  — 
Commercial mortgage multifamily —  —  —  68,456  68,456  — 
Total commercial real estate 817  304  —  590,597  591,718  — 
Advances to mortgage brokers —  —  —  63,080  63,080  — 
Agricultural
Agricultural mortgage —  —  —  67,550  67,550  — 
Agricultural other —  —  —  32,144  32,144  — 
Total agricultural —  —  —  99,694  99,694  — 
Residential real estate
Senior lien 3,846  148  163  328,586  332,743  — 
Junior lien 19  —  —  8,636  8,655  — 
Home equity lines of credit 10  —  —  39,464  39,474  — 
Total residential real estate 3,875  148  163  376,686  380,872  — 
Consumer
Secured - direct 15  —  19  35,016  35,050  19 
Secured - indirect 232  —  —  48,904  49,136  — 
Unsecured —  —  3,394  3,398  — 
Total consumer 251  —  19  87,314  87,584  19 
Total $ 5,271  $ 502  $ 182  $ 1,417,616  $ 1,423,571  $ 19 
16

Credit Quality Indicators
The following tables display commercial and agricultural loans by credit risk ratings and year of origination as of:
  June 30, 2025
2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Revolving
Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total
Commercial and industrial: Secured
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 2,314  $ 10,899  $ 14,184  $ 2,202  $ 4,244  $ 3,547  $ 12,810  $ —  $ 50,200 
Risk rating 4 10,471  23,787  12,638  6,591  8,461  2,922  29,251  —  94,121 
Risk rating 5 624  3,893  45  17,896  58  5,449  —  27,969 
Risk rating 6 99  85  20  —  44  2,834  —  3,090 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  17  —  —  —  —  17 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 13,508  $ 38,664  $ 26,887  $ 26,706  $ 12,807  $ 6,481  $ 50,344  $ —  $ 175,397 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ 22  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 22 
Commercial and industrial: Unsecured
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 1,569  $ 348  $ 1,857  $ 132  $ 40  $ 422  $ 3,613  $ —  $ 7,981 
Risk rating 4 5,192  1,358  1,667  1,621  612  324  12,279  —  23,053 
Risk rating 5 —  92  64  —  104  —  1,028  —  1,288 
Risk rating 6 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 6,761  $ 1,798  $ 3,588  $ 1,753  $ 756  $ 746  $ 16,920  $ —  $ 32,322 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ 50  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 50 
Commercial real estate: Owner occupied
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 1,038  $ 5,867  $ 8,841  $ 1,123  $ 10,861  $ 16,860  $ 304  $ —  $ 44,894 
Risk rating 4 12,667  35,195  20,228  29,196  38,059  27,915  1,835  —  165,095 
Risk rating 5 1,511  922  1,282  1,280  70  1,392  372  —  6,829 
Risk rating 6 —  1,342  304  —  74  —  —  —  1,720 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 15,216  $ 43,326  $ 30,655  $ 31,599  $ 49,064  $ 46,167  $ 2,511  $ —  $ 218,538 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Commercial real estate: Non-owner occupied
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 1,827  $ 293  $ 733  $ 5,764  $ 5,068  $ 1,977  $ 145  $ —  $ 15,807 
Risk rating 4 24,267  8,194  36,809  56,470  35,689  29,784  1,115  —  192,328 
Risk rating 5 —  9,618  809  919  1,646  6,018  —  —  19,010 
Risk rating 6 —  —  994  —  —  48  —  —  1,042 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  533  —  —  533 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 26,094  $ 18,105  $ 39,345  $ 63,153  $ 42,403  $ 38,360  $ 1,260  $ —  $ 228,720 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
17

June 30, 2025
2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Revolving
Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total
Commercial real estate: 1-4 family investor
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 482  $ 1,145  $ —  $ 2,727  $ 751  $ 1,625  $ 2,166  $ —  $ 8,896 
Risk rating 4 6,236  9,127  8,807  8,289  27,907  15,286  6,210  —  81,862 
Risk rating 5 —  —  3,141  222  —  50  —  —  3,413 
Risk rating 6 —  —  525  —  —  44  —  —  569 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 6,718  $ 10,272  $ 12,473  $ 11,238  $ 28,658  $ 17,005  $ 8,376  $ —  $ 94,740 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Commercial real estate: Multifamily
Risk ratings 1-3 $ —  $ 634  $ 2,881  $ 1,650  $ 894  $ 1,226  $ 65  $ —  $ 7,350 
Risk rating 4 5,181  2,353  1,915  20,829  11,341  19,852  244  —  61,715 
Risk rating 5 —  487  —  —  —  —  —  —  487 
Risk rating 6 —  —  —  —  —  2,833  —  —  2,833 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 5,181  $ 3,474  $ 4,796  $ 22,479  $ 12,235  $ 23,911  $ 309  $ —  $ 72,385 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Advances to mortgage brokers
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 3,005  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 3,005 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Agricultural mortgage
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 1,073  $ 739  $ —  $ 2,596  $ 2,012  $ 4,100  $ 21  $ —  $ 10,541 
Risk rating 4 2,572  3,967  3,995  12,217  6,235  12,439  1,383  —  42,808 
Risk rating 5 —  276  1,102  511  5,918  645  1,036  —  9,488 
Risk rating 6 535  —  —  2,188  69  1,518  —  —  4,310 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 4,180  $ 4,982  $ 5,097  $ 17,512  $ 14,234  $ 18,702  $ 2,440  $ —  $ 67,147 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Agricultural other
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 874  $ 617  $ 434  $ 724  $ 249  $ 385  $ 3,056  $ —  $ 6,339 
Risk rating 4 1,652  1,093  971  894  1,497  107  10,233  —  16,447 
Risk rating 5 150  82  —  17  29  460  1,304  —  2,042 
Risk rating 6 —  1,734  103  —  61  —  2,969  —  4,867 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 2,676  $ 3,526  $ 1,508  $ 1,635  $ 1,836  $ 952  $ 17,562  $ —  $ 29,695 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
18

December 31, 2024
  2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving
Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total
Commercial and industrial: Secured
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 11,081  $ 10,173  $ 2,352  $ 4,483  $ 4,437  $ 368  $ 10,316  $ —  $ 43,210 
Risk rating 4 27,530  20,886  14,240  11,014  1,867  2,144  28,109  —  105,790 
Risk rating 5 3,627  559  11,644  164  137  53  6,626  —  22,810 
Risk rating 6 126  288  1,841  71  —  10  3,093  —  5,429 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 42,364  $ 31,906  $ 30,077  $ 15,732  $ 6,441  $ 2,575  $ 48,144  $ —  $ 177,239 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ 277  $ 33  $ —  $ 17  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 327 
Commercial and industrial: Unsecured
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 378  $ 1,967  $ 203  $ 69  $ 48  $ 414  $ 1,966  $ —  $ 5,045 
Risk rating 4 3,073  2,049  2,388  268  370  —  8,896  —  17,044 
Risk rating 5 100  —  —  121  —  —  1,074  —  1,295 
Risk rating 6 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 3,551  $ 4,016  $ 2,591  $ 458  $ 418  $ 414  $ 11,936  $ —  $ 23,384 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ $ $ —  $
Commercial real estate: Owner occupied
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 4,185  $ 8,933  $ 1,994  $ 11,617  $ 13,300  $ 4,421  $ 221  $ —  $ 44,671 
Risk rating 4 34,980  21,586  32,319  39,439  9,924  20,260  1,626  —  160,134 
Risk rating 5 197  487  876  72  653  791  372  —  3,448 
Risk rating 6 1,354  1,123  —  636  1,117  504  99  —  4,833 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 40,716  $ 32,129  $ 35,189  $ 51,764  $ 24,994  $ 25,976  $ 2,318  $ —  $ 213,086 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Commercial real estate: Non-owner occupied
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 644  $ 795  $ 5,994  $ 5,178  $ 348  $ 1,781  $ —  $ —  $ 14,740 
Risk rating 4 8,413  42,135  61,524  36,702  4,399  29,225  497  —  182,895 
Risk rating 5 9,726  —  218  1,681  6,154  709  500  —  18,988 
Risk rating 6 —  1,006  —  —  50  —  —  —  1,056 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 18,783  $ 43,936  $ 67,736  $ 43,561  $ 10,951  $ 31,715  $ 997  $ —  $ 217,679 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
19

December 31, 2024
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving
Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total
Commercial real estate: 1-4 family investor
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 1,165  $ —  $ 2,632  $ 791  $ 846  $ 965  $ 3,076  $ —  $ 9,475 
Risk rating 4 9,399  12,535  8,911  28,666  13,930  3,640  4,750  —  81,831 
Risk rating 5 —  145  339  72  —  52  —  —  608 
Risk rating 6 —  536  —  —  —  47  —  —  583 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 10,564  $ 13,216  $ 11,882  $ 29,529  $ 14,776  $ 4,704  $ 7,826  $ —  $ 92,497 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Commercial real estate: Multifamily
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 638  $ 3,383  $ 1,697  $ 936  $ 545  $ 746  $ 150  $ —  $ 8,095 
Risk rating 4 2,081  1,957  21,446  11,646  664  19,617  64  —  57,475 
Risk rating 5 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 6 —  —  —  —  —  2,886  —  —  2,886 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 2,719  $ 5,340  $ 23,143  $ 12,582  $ 1,209  $ 23,249  $ 214  $ —  $ 68,456 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Advances to mortgage brokers
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 63,080  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 63,080 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Agricultural mortgage
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 792  $ —  $ 2,700  $ 2,144  $ 2,550  $ 1,250  $ 34  $ —  $ 9,470 
Risk rating 4 4,410  4,118  12,959  6,968  5,737  8,586  1,322  —  44,100 
Risk rating 5 281  1,521  1,342  5,757  —  1,364  1,045  —  11,310 
Risk rating 6 60  —  1,550  —  —  1,060  —  —  2,670 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 5,543  $ 5,639  $ 18,551  $ 14,869  $ 8,287  $ 12,260  $ 2,401  $ —  $ 67,550 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Agricultural other
Risk ratings 1-3 $ 634  $ 523  $ 106  $ 137  $ $ 210  $ 3,635  $ —  $ 5,247 
Risk rating 4 1,940  1,328  1,863  1,893  463  550  13,531  —  21,568 
Risk rating 5 1,683  —  —  —  438  —  608  —  2,729 
Risk rating 6 —  172  —  90  —  —  2,338  —  2,600 
Risk rating 7 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 8 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Risk rating 9 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 4,257  $ 2,023  $ 1,969  $ 2,120  $ 903  $ 760  $ 20,112  $ —  $ 32,144 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 

20

We have certain lending policies and procedures in place designed to maximize loan income within an acceptable level of risk. The Board of Directors reviews and approves these policies and procedures on a regular basis. A reporting system supplements the review process by providing management and the Board of Directors with frequent reports related to loan production, loan quality, and concentration of credit, loan delinquencies, nonperforming loans and potential problem loans. We seek to diversify the loan portfolio as a means of managing risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions.
Internally assigned credit risk ratings are reviewed, at a minimum, when loans are renewed or when management has knowledge of improvements or deterioration of the credit quality of individual credits. Descriptions of the internally assigned credit risk ratings for commercial and agricultural loans are as follows:
1. EXCELLENT – Substantially Risk Free
Credit has strong financial condition and solid earnings history, characterized by:
•High liquidity, strong cash flow, low leverage.
•Unquestioned ability to meet all obligations when due.
•Experienced management, with management succession in place.
•Secured by cash.
2. HIGH QUALITY – Limited Risk
Credit with sound financial condition and a positive trend in earnings supplemented by:
•Favorable liquidity and leverage ratios.
•Ability to meet all obligations when due.
•Management with successful track record.
•Steady and satisfactory earnings history.
•If loan is secured, collateral is of high quality and readily marketable.
•Access to alternative financing.
•Well defined primary and secondary source of repayment.
•If supported by guaranty, the financial strength and liquidity of the guarantor(s) are clearly evident.
3. HIGH SATISFACTORY – Reasonable Risk
Credit with satisfactory financial condition and further characterized by:
•Working capital adequate to support operations.
•Cash flow sufficient to pay debts as scheduled.
•Management experience and depth appear favorable.
•Loan performing according to terms.
•If loan is secured, collateral is acceptable, and loan is fully protected.
4. SATISFACTORY – Acceptable Risk
Credit with bankable risks, although some signs of weaknesses are shown:
•Would include most start-up businesses.
•Occasional instances of trade slowness or repayment delinquency – may have been 10-30 days slow within the past year.
•Management’s abilities are apparent yet unproven.
•Weakness in primary source of repayment with adequate secondary source of repayment.
•Loan structure generally in accordance with policy.
•If secured, loan collateral coverage is marginal.
21

To be classified as less than satisfactory, only one of the following criteria must be met.
5. SPECIAL MENTION – Criticized
Credit constitutes an undue and unwarranted credit risk but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitutes an unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific loan:
•Downward trend in sales, profit levels, and margins.
•Impaired working capital position.
•Cash flow is strained in order to meet debt repayment.
•Loan delinquency (30-60 days) and overdrafts may occur.
•Shrinking equity cushion.
•Diminishing primary source of repayment and questionable secondary source.
•Management abilities are questionable.
•Weak industry conditions.
•Litigation pending against the borrower.
•Loan may need to be restructured to improve collateral position or reduce payments.
•Collateral or guaranty offers limited protection.
•Negative debt service coverage, however, the credit is well collateralized, and payments are current.
6. SUBSTANDARD – Classified
Credit is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. There is a distinct possibility we will implement collection procedures if the loan deficiencies are not corrected. Any commercial loan placed in nonaccrual status will be rated “7” or worse. In addition, the following characteristics may apply:
•Sustained losses have severely eroded the equity and cash flow.
•Deteriorating liquidity.
•Serious management problems or internal fraud.
•Original repayment terms liberalized.
•Likelihood of bankruptcy.
•Inability to access other funding sources.
•Reliance on secondary source of repayment.
•Litigation filed against borrower.
•Interest non-accrual may be warranted.
•Collateral provides little or no value.
•Requires excessive attention of the loan officer.
•Borrower is uncooperative with loan officer.
7. VULNERABLE – Classified
Credit is considered “Substandard” and warrants placing in nonaccrual status. Risk of loss is being evaluated and exit strategy options are under review. Other characteristics that may apply:
•Insufficient cash flow to service debt.
•Minimal or no payments being received.
•Limited options available to avoid the collection process.
•Transition status, expect action will take place to collect loan without immediate progress being made.

22

8. DOUBTFUL – Workout
Credit has all the weaknesses inherent in a “Substandard” loan with the added characteristic that collection and/or liquidation is pending. The possibility of a loss is extremely high, but its classification as a loss is deferred until liquidation procedures are completed, or reasonably estimable. Other characteristics that may apply:
•Normal operations are severely diminished or have ceased.
•Seriously impaired cash flow.
•Original repayment terms materially altered.
•Secondary source of repayment is inadequate.
•Survivability as a “going concern” is impossible.
•Collection process has begun.
•Bankruptcy petition has been filed.
•Judgments have been filed.
•Portion of the loan balance has been charged off.
9. LOSS – Charge-off
Credit is considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification is for charged-off loans but does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value. These loans are further characterized by:
•Liquidation or reorganization under bankruptcy, with poor prospects of collection.
•Fraudulently overstated assets and/or earnings.
•Collateral has marginal or no value.
•Debtor cannot be located.
•Over 120 days delinquent.

23

Our primary credit quality indicator for residential real estate and consumer loans is the individual loan’s past due status. The following tables display residential real estate and consumer loans by payment status and year of origination as of:
June 30, 2025
  2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Revolving
Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total
Residential real estate: Senior lien
Current $ 27,522  $ 56,290  $ 38,365  $ 44,867  $ 70,814  $ 103,488  $ —  $ 4,839  $ 346,185 
Past due 30-89 days —  —  —  318  —  132  —  —  450 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  —  31  —  —  31 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  186  428  —  —  614 
Total $ 27,522  $ 56,290  $ 38,365  $ 45,185  $ 71,000  $ 104,079  $ —  $ 4,839  $ 347,280 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ $ —  $ —  $
Residential real estate: Junior lien
Current $ 2,121  $ 3,797  $ 2,757  $ 652  $ 97  $ 341  $ —  $ —  $ 9,765 
Past due 30-89 days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 2,121  $ 3,797  $ 2,757  $ 652  $ 97  $ 341  $ —  $ —  $ 9,765 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Residential real estate: Home equity lines of credit
Current $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 41,623  $ —  $ 41,623 
Past due 30-89 days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 41,623  $ —  $ 41,623 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Consumer: Secured - direct
Current $ 4,727  $ 8,379  $ 7,173  $ 5,279  $ 3,127  $ 3,134  $ —  $ —  $ 31,819 
Past due 30-89 days —  —  66  —  —  —  —  74 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 4,727  $ 8,379  $ 7,239  $ 5,287  $ 3,127  $ 3,134  $ —  $ —  $ 31,893 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ $ 33  $ 36  $ $ 53  $ —  $ —  $ 135 
Consumer: Secured - indirect
Current $ 1,276  $ 5,518  $ 18,427  $ 6,277  $ 4,214  $ 5,892  $ —  $ —  $ 41,604 
Past due 30-89 days —  102  —  —  29  —  —  139 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 1,276  $ 5,526  $ 18,529  $ 6,277  $ 4,214  $ 5,921  $ —  $ —  $ 41,743 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 13  $ —  $ —  $ 13 
24

June 30, 2025
2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Revolving
Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total
Consumer: Unsecured
Current $ 880  $ 1,077  $ 366  $ 81  $ 12  $ $ 833  $ —  $ 3,252 
Past due 30-89 days —  —  —  —  — 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 880  $ 1,080  $ 368  $ 81  $ 12  $ $ 836  $ —  $ 3,260 
2025 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 328  $ $ 10  $ $ $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 341 
December 31, 2024
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving
Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total
Residential real estate: Senior lien
Current $ 55,991  $ 35,105  $ 45,916  $ 73,607  $ 47,057  $ 62,303  $ —  $ 8,579  $ 328,558 
Past due 30-89 days 173  162  331  287  907  2,043  —  —  3,903 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  163  28  91  —  —  282 
Total $ 56,164  $ 35,267  $ 46,247  $ 74,057  $ 47,992  $ 64,437  $ —  $ 8,579  $ 332,743 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 10  $ —  $ —  $ 10 
Residential real estate: Junior lien
Current $ 4,229  $ 3,092  $ 800  $ 86  $ 71  $ 358  $ —  $ —  $ 8,636 
Past due 30-89 days —  —  —  19  —  —  —  —  19 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 4,229  $ 3,092  $ 800  $ 105  $ 71  $ 358  $ —  $ —  $ 8,655 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Residential real estate: Home equity lines of credit
Current $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 39,464  $ —  $ 39,464 
Past due 30-89 days —  —  —  —  —  —  10  —  10 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 39,474  $ —  $ 39,474 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Consumer: Secured - direct
Current $ 10,990  $ 9,498  $ 6,535  $ 3,947  $ 2,166  $ 1,880  $ —  $ —  $ 35,016 
Past due 30-89 days —  —  15  —  —  —  —  —  15 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  19  —  —  —  19 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 10,990  $ 9,498  $ 6,550  $ 3,947  $ 2,185  $ 1,880  $ —  $ —  $ 35,050 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ 63  $ —  $ —  $ 27  $ $ —  $ —  $ 92 
25

  December 31, 2024
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving
Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total
Consumer: Secured - indirect
Current $ 6,526  $ 22,624  $ 7,682  $ 4,990  $ 4,018  $ 3,064  $ —  $ —  $ 48,904 
Past due 30-89 days 42  51  50  28  54  —  —  232 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 6,568  $ 22,675  $ 7,732  $ 5,018  $ 4,072  $ 3,071  $ —  $ —  $ 49,136 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ —  $ 24  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 24 
Consumer: Unsecured
Current $ 1,654  $ 656  $ 211  $ 22  $ 16  $ —  $ 835  $ —  $ 3,394 
Past due 30-89 days —  —  —  —  —  — 
Past due 90 or more days —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total $ 1,654  $ 656  $ 213  $ 22  $ 16  $ —  $ 837  $ —  $ 3,398 
2024 year-to-date gross charge-offs $ 223  $ 11  $ 21  $ —  $ —  $ $ —  $ —  $ 256 
Loan Modifications
A loan modification includes terms outside of normal lending practices to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty.
Typical modifications granted include, but are not limited to:
•Agreeing to interest rates below prevailing market rates for debt with similar risk characteristics.
•Extending the maturity date or amortization period beyond typical lending guidelines for loans with similar risk characteristics.
•Agreeing to an interest-only payment structure, delaying principal payments, or delaying payments.
•Forgiving principal.
To determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, factors we consider include:
•The borrower is currently in default on any debt.
•The borrower would likely default on any debt if the concession is not granted.
•The borrower’s cash flow is insufficient to service all debt if the concession is not granted.
•The borrower has declared, or is in the process of declaring, bankruptcy.
•The borrower is unlikely to continue as a going concern (if the entity is a business).
The following is a summary of the amortized cost basis of loan modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Other-Than-Insignificant Payment Delay and Term Extension
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financial Receivable Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financial Receivable Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financial Receivable
Commercial and industrial
Secured $ 20  0.01  % $ 2,600  1.12  % $ 602  0.26  %
Total $ 20  $ 2,600  $ 602 
26

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Other-Than-Insignificant Payment Delay and Term Extension
  Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financial Receivable Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financial Receivable Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financial Receivable
Commercial and industrial
Secured $ 20  0.01  % $ 3,114  1.34  % $ 602  0.26  %
Commercial real estate
Commercial mortgage owner occupied —  0.00  % 1,511  0.85  % —  0.00  %
Total $ 20  $ 4,625  $ 602 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Other-Than-Insignificant Payment Delay Other-Than-Insignificant Payment Delay and Term Extension
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financial Receivable Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financial Receivable
Commercial and industrial
Secured $ 2,125  1.03  % $ —  0.00  %
Agricultural
Agricultural mortgage 1,345  2.00  % 60  0.09  %
Agricultural other —  0.00  % 507  1.82  %
Total $ 3,470  $ 567 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Other-Than-Insignificant Payment Delay Term Extension Other-Than-Insignificant Payment Delay and Term Extension
  Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financial Receivable Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financial Receivable Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Financial Receivable
Commercial and industrial
Secured $ 2,125  1.03  % $ 11  0.01  % $ —  0.00  %
Commercial real estate
Commercial mortgage owner occupied 823  0.47  % —  0.00  % —  0.00  %
Agricultural
Agricultural mortgage 1,345  2.00  % —  0.00  % 60  0.09  %
Agricultural other —  0.00  % —  0.00  % 507  1.82  %
Consumer
Secured - indirect —  0.00  % 0.00  % —  —  %
Total $ 4,293  $ 13  $ 567 
We do not modify any loans by forgiving principal or accrued interest. We had committed to advance $41 and $43 in additional funds to be disbursed in connection with modified loans at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, as displayed in the tables above.
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The following is a summary of the financial effect of the modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the:
Three Months Ended June 30
2025 2024
Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Payment Delay Term Weighted-Average Term Extension (Years) Payment Delay Term Weighted-Average Term Extension (Years)
Commercial and industrial
Secured 10.00% 9.6 months 0.5 years 4 months N/A
Agricultural
Agricultural mortgage N/A N/A N/A 5 months 0.5 years
Agricultural other N/A N/A N/A 4 months 0.3 years
Six Months Ended June 30
2025 2024
Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction Payment Delay Term Weighted-Average Term Extension (Years) Payment Delay Term Weighted-Average Term Extension (Years)
Commercial and industrial
Secured 10.00% 9.6 months 1.0 years 4 months 0.2 years
Commercial real estate
Commercial mortgage owner occupied N/A N/A 15 years 7 months N/A
Agricultural
Agricultural mortgage N/A N/A N/A 5 months 0.5 years
Agricultural other N/A N/A N/A 4 months 0.3 years
Consumer
Secured - indirect N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.3 years
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We closely monitor the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of our modification efforts. The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis of loans that have been modified within the past 12 months prior to:
June 30, 2025
Current 30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or
More Past Due
Total
Commercial and industrial
Secured $ 3,637  $ 99  $ —  $ —  $ 3,736 
Commercial real estate
Commercial mortgage owner occupied 2,852  —  —  —  2,852 
Agricultural
Agricultural mortgage 276  —  —  —  276 
Agricultural other 132  —  —  —  132 
Total $ 6,897  $ 99  $ —  $ —  $ 6,996 
June 30, 2024
Current 30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or
More Past Due
Total
Commercial and industrial
Secured $ 2,136  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 2,136 
Commercial real estate
Commercial mortgage owner occupied 941  —  —  —  941 
Commercial mortgage multifamily 2,947  —  —  —  2,947 
Agricultural
Agricultural mortgage 1,405  —  —  —  1,405 
Agricultural other 507  —  —  —  507 
Consumer
Secured - indirect —  —  — 
Total $ 7,938  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 7,938 
We had no loans that defaulted in each of the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 which were modified within 12 months prior to the default date.
ACL - Loans
The credit quality of our loan portfolio is continuously monitored and is reflected within the ACL for loans. The ACL is an estimate of expected losses inherent within our loan portfolio. The ACL is adjusted by a credit loss expense, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by the charge-off of loan amounts, net of recoveries.
The ACL is evaluated on a regular basis for appropriateness. Our periodic review of the collectability of a loan considers historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.
The primary factors behind the determination of the level of the ACL are specific allocations for loans individually evaluated, historical loss percentages, delinquency status, and other credit trends and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods evaluations of the overall loan portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance and credit loss expense in those future periods.
The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the ACL has two basic components: a component of individual loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans; and a pooled component for estimated expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics.
For a loan that does not share risk characteristics with other loans, an individual analysis is performed to measure an allowance. Loans in nonaccrual status are individually evaluated for specific allocation of the allowance using the fair value of collateral, less costs to sell if foreclosure is probable, or the discounted cash flow method. We do not recognize interest income on loans in nonaccrual status.
29

For loans not classified as nonaccrual, interest income is recognized daily, as earned, according to the terms of the loan agreement and the principal amount outstanding.
In determining the allowance for credit losses, we derive an estimated credit loss assumption from a model that categorizes loan pools based on loan type and credit risk ratings or delinquency bucket. This model calculates an expected loss percentage for each loan class by considering the probability of default, based on the migration of loans from performing to loss by credit risk ratings or delinquency buckets using life-of-loan analysis, and the historical severity of loss, based on the aggregate net lifetime losses incurred per loan class.
The default and severity factors used to calculate the allowance for credit losses for loans that share similar risk characteristics with other loans are adjusted for differences between the historical period used to calculate historical default and loss severity rates and expected conditions over the remaining lives of the loans in the portfolio. These qualitative factors are used to adjust the historical probabilities of default and severity of loss so that they reflect management's expectation of future conditions based on a reasonable and supportable forecast. To the extent the lives of the loans in the portfolio extend beyond the period for which a reasonable and supportable forecast can be made, the model reverts back to the historical rates of default and severity of loss. Qualitative factors include:
•Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses;
•Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff;
•Changes in interest rates;
•Changes in international, national, regional, and local economic factors;
•Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans;
•Changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans;
•Lack of current financial information;
•Competition, legal, and regulatory; and
•Changes in the value of underlying collateral.
A summary of activity in the ACL by portfolio segment and the recorded investment in loans by segments follows for the:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Agricultural Residential Real Estate Consumer Total
April 1, 2025 $ 1,239  $ 5,174  $ 266  $ 4,600  $ 1,456  $ 12,735 
Charge-offs (72) —  —  —  (318) (390)
Recoveries 50  —  16  1,752  1,822 
Reversal of credit losses 147  53  50  57  (1,497) (1,190)
June 30, 2025 $ 1,318  $ 5,277  $ 316  $ 4,673  $ 1,393  $ 12,977 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Agricultural Residential Real Estate Consumer Total
December 31, 2024 $ 1,316  $ 5,171  $ 287  $ 4,521  $ 1,600  $ 12,895 
Charge-offs (72) —  —  (1) (489) (562)
Recoveries 84  52  —  30  1,880  2,046 
Reversal of credit losses (10) 54  29  123  (1,598) (1,402)
June 30, 2025 $ 1,318  $ 5,277  $ 316  $ 4,673  $ 1,393  $ 12,977 
30

Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Agricultural Residential Real Estate Consumer Total
April 1, 2024 $ 1,267  $ 5,903  $ 265  $ 4,308  $ 1,647  $ 13,390 
Charge-offs (336) —  —  (9) (182) (527)
Recoveries 29  —  28  75  134 
Reversal of credit losses 331  (363) (7) 24  113  98 
June 30, 2024 $ 1,264  $ 5,569  $ 258  $ 4,351  $ 1,653  $ 13,095 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Agricultural Residential Real Estate Consumer Total
December 31, 2023 $ 968  $ 5,878  $ 270  $ 4,336  $ 1,656  $ 13,108 
Charge-offs (336) —  —  (10) (372) (718)
Recoveries 35  92  146  279 
Provision for credit losses 628  (344) (14) (67) 223  426 
June 30, 2024 $ 1,264  $ 5,569  $ 258  $ 4,351  $ 1,653  $ 13,095 
The following table illustrates the two main components of the ACL as of:
June 30
2025
March 31
2025
December 31
2024
September 30
2024
June 30
2024
ACL
Individually evaluated $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 137 
Collectively evaluated 12,977  12,735  12,895  12,635  12,958 
Total $ 12,977  $ 12,735  $ 12,895  $ 12,635  $ 13,095 
ACL to gross loans
Individually evaluated 0.00  % 0.00  % 0.00  % 0.00  % 0.01  %
Collectively evaluated 0.93  % 0.93  % 0.91  % 0.89  % 0.94  %
Total 0.93  % 0.93  % 0.91  % 0.89  % 0.95  %
The following table presents loans that were evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and the related specific allocations, by loan segment as of:
  June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Loan Balance Specific Allocation Loan Balance Specific Allocation
Commercial and industrial $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Commercial real estate 533  —  —  — 
Agricultural —  —  —  — 
Residential real estate 554  —  254  — 
Consumer —  —  —  — 
Total $ 1,087  $ —  $ 254  $ — 
We have designated loans classified as collateral dependent for which we apply the practical expedient to measure the ACL based on the fair value of the collateral less cost to sell when the repayment is expected to be provided substantially by the sale or operation of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The fair value of the collateral is based on appraisals, which may be adjusted due to their age, and the type, location, and condition of the property or area or general market conditions to reflect the expected change in value between the effective date of the appraisal and the measurement date. Appraisals are updated every one to two years depending on the type of loan and the total exposure of the borrower. Loans evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis as of June 30, 2025 include $1,087 in collateral dependent loans secured by commercial real estate and residential real estate of $533 and $554, respectively.

31

Note 4 – Borrowed Funds
Short-term borrowings
Short-term borrowings include securities sold under repurchase agreements without stated maturity dates, federal funds purchased, and FRB Discount Window advances, which all generally mature within one to three days from the transaction date.
A summary of short-term borrowed funds without stated maturity dates was as follows for the:
Three Months Ended June 30
2025 2024
Maximum Month End Balance Average Balance Weighted Average Interest Rate During the Period Maximum Month End Balance Average Balance Weighted Average Interest Rate During the Period
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase without stated maturity dates $ 43,208  $ 40,802  3.14  % $ 44,194  $ 40,593  3.18  %
Federal funds purchased —  —  0.00  % —  —  0.00  %
FRB Discount Window —  859  4.50  % —  15  5.52  %
Six Months Ended June 30
2025 2024
Maximum Month End Balance Average Balance Weighted Average Interest Rate During the Period Maximum Month End Balance Average Balance Weighted Average Interest Rate During the Period
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase without stated maturity dates $ 47,310  $ 42,150  3.18  % $ 44,194  $ 40,607  3.16  %
Federal funds purchased —  11  5.43  % —  6.52  %
FRB Discount Window —  446  4.50  % —  5.52  %
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are classified as secured borrowings and are reflected at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. The securities underlying the agreements have a carrying value and a fair value of $58,119 and $67,539 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Such securities remain under our control. We may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of underlying securities.
Securities sold under repurchase agreements without stated maturity dates were as follows as of:
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Amount Rate Amount Rate
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase without stated maturity dates $ 43,208  3.10  % $ 53,567  3.18  %
We had pledged AFS securities and 1-4 family residential real estate loans in the following amounts at:
June 30
2025
December 31
2024
Pledged to secure borrowed funds $ 405,027  $ 395,286 
Pledged to secure repurchase agreements 58,119  67,539 
Pledged for public deposits and for other purposes necessary or required by law 68,279  86,162 
Total $ 531,425  $ 548,987 
AFS securities pledged to repurchase agreements consisted of the following at:
June 30
2025
December 31
2024
U.S. Treasury $ 48,486  $ 57,271 
Mortgage-backed securities 7,508  7,979 
Collateralized mortgage obligations 2,125  2,289 
Total $ 58,119  $ 67,539 
32

AFS securities pledged to repurchase agreements are monitored to ensure the appropriate level is collateralized. In the event of maturities, calls, significant principal repayments, or significant decline in market values, we have an adequate level of AFS securities to pledge to satisfy collateral requirements.
As of June 30, 2025, we had the ability to borrow up to an additional $376,974 without pledging additional collateral.
FHLB advances

FHLB advances are collateralized by a blanket lien on all qualified 1-4 family residential real estate loans, specific AFS securities, and FHLB stock.
The following table lists the maturities and weighted average interest rates of FHLB advances as of:
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Amount Rate Amount Rate
Fixed rate due 2025 $ —  0.00  % $ 30,000  4.52  %
Subordinated notes
We have $30,000 in aggregate principal amount of 3.25% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2031 (the "Notes"). The Notes initially bear a fixed interest rate of 3.25% until June 15, 2026, after which time until maturity on June 15, 2031, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual floating rate equal to the then-current 3-month SOFR plus 256 basis points. The Notes are redeemable by us at any time at our option, in whole or in part, on or after June 15, 2026. The Notes are not subject to redemption at the option of the holders. Additionally, the Notes are intended to qualify for Tier 2 capital treatment, subject to regulatory limitations.
The following table summarizes our outstanding subordinated notes as of:
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Amount Rate Amount Rate
Fixed rate at 3.25% to floating, due 2031 $ 30,000  3.25  % $ 30,000  3.25  %
Unamortized issuance costs (531) (576)
Total subordinated debt, net $ 29,469  $ 29,424 
Note 5 – Computation of Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share includes additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Potential common shares that may be issued relate solely to outstanding shares in the Directors Plan and grant awards under the RSP.
Earnings per common share have been computed based on the following for the:
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
2025 2024 2025 2024
Average number of common shares outstanding for basic calculation 7,383,338  7,477,310  7,400,370  7,485,743 
Average potential effect of common shares in the RSP 14,771  17,518  13,604  15,694 
Average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per common share 7,398,109  7,494,828  7,413,974  7,501,437 
Net income $ 5,031  $ 3,481  $ 8,980  $ 6,612 
Earnings per common share
Basic $ 0.68  $ 0.47  $ 1.21  $ 0.88 
Diluted 0.68  0.46  1.21  0.88 

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Note 6 – Capital Ratios and Shareholders' Equity
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the most recent notifications from the FRB and the FDIC categorized us as “well capitalized” under the FDIC's regulatory framework for prompt corrective action and the Basel III capital guidelines. To be categorized as “well capitalized,” an institution must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, common equity Tier 1, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following tables. The minimum requirements presented below include the minimum required capital levels based on the Basel III capital guidelines. Capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” are based upon the FDIC's prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under the Basel III capital guidelines. There were no conditions or events since the notifications that we believe have changed our categories. The following tables set forth these requirements and our ratios, both on a bank-only and on a consolidated basis, as of:
June 30, 2025
Actual Minimum Capital
Required Plus Capital Conservation Buffer
Minimum Capital
Required To Be Considered
Well Capitalized (1)
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Isabella Bank $ 181,950  12.18  % $ 104,553  7.00  % $ 97,085  6.50  %
Consolidated 186,605  12.46  % 104,870  7.00  % N/A N/A
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Isabella Bank 181,950  12.18  % 126,958  8.50  % 119,490  8.00  %
Consolidated 186,605  12.46  % 127,342  8.50  % N/A N/A
Total capital to risk weighted assets
Isabella Bank 195,636  13.10  % 156,830  10.50  % 149,362  10.00  %
Consolidated 229,759  15.34  % 157,305  10.50  % N/A N/A
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Isabella Bank 181,950  8.83  % 82,377  4.00  % 102,972  5.00  %
Consolidated 186,605  9.04  % 82,580  4.00  % N/A N/A
December 31, 2024
Actual Minimum Capital
Required Plus Capital Conservation Buffer
Minimum Capital
Required To Be Considered
Well Capitalized (1)
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Isabella Bank $ 172,589  11.53  % $ 104,783  7.00  % $ 97,299  6.50  %
Consolidated 183,348  12.21  % 105,136  7.00  % N/A N/A
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets
Isabella Bank 172,589  11.53  % 127,237  8.50  % 119,753  8.00  %
Consolidated 183,348  12.21  % 127,665  8.50  % N/A N/A
Total capital to risk weighted assets
Isabella Bank 185,997  12.43  % 157,175  10.50  % 149,691  10.00  %
Consolidated 226,179  15.06  % 157,703  10.50  % N/A N/A
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Isabella Bank 172,589  8.36  % 82,602  4.00  % 103,252  5.00  %
Consolidated 183,348  8.86  % 82,803  4.00  % N/A N/A
(1) "Well-capitalized" minimum common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted and leverage ratio are not formally defined under applicable regulations for bank holding companies.
Total capital includes Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital includes a permissible portion of the allowances for credit losses and subordinated debt, net of unamortized issuance costs. There are no significant regulatory constraints placed on our capital. At June 30, 2025, the Bank exceeded all minimum Basel III risk-based capital requirements with the capital conservation buffer.
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State banking regulations place certain restrictions on dividends paid by banks to their shareholders. Dividends paid by the Corporation’s bank subsidiary would be prohibited if the effect thereof would cause the bank subsidiary’s capital to be reduced below applicable minimum capital requirements.
The following table summarizes the changes in AOCI by component for the:
Three Months Ended June 30
2025 2024
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses) on
AFS
Securities
Defined
Benefit
Pension Plan
Total Unrealized
Gains
(Losses) on
AFS
Securities
Defined
Benefit
Pension Plan
Total
Balance, April 1 $ (17,042) $ (397) $ (17,439) $ (27,493) $ (697) $ (28,190)
OCI before reclassifications 3,879  —  3,879  703  —  703 
Tax effect (827) —  (827) (149) —  (149)
OCI, net of tax 3,052  —  3,052  554  —  554 
Balance, June 30 $ (13,990) $ (397) $ (14,387) $ (26,939) $ (697) $ (27,636)
Six Months Ended June 30
2025 2024
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses) on
AFS
Securities
Defined
Benefit
Pension Plan
Total Unrealized
Gains
(Losses) on
AFS
Securities
Defined
Benefit
Pension Plan
Total
Balance, December 31 $ (20,958) $ (397) $ (21,355) $ (25,199) $ (697) $ (25,896)
OCI before reclassifications 8,893  —  8,893  (2,223) —  (2,223)
Tax effect (1,925) —  (1,925) 483  —  483 
OCI, net of tax 6,968  —  6,968  (1,740) —  (1,740)
Balance, June 30 $ (13,990) $ (397) $ (14,387) $ (26,939) $ (697) $ (27,636)
Included in OCI for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are changes in unrealized gains and losses related to certain auction rate money market preferred stocks. These investments, for federal income tax purposes, have no deferred federal income taxes related to unrealized gains or losses given the nature of the investments.
A summary of the components of unrealized gains on AFS securities included in OCI follows for the:
Three Months Ended June 30
  2025 2024
Auction Rate Money Market Preferred All Other AFS Securities Total Auction Rate Money Market Preferred All Other AFS Securities Total
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period $ (64) $ 3,943  $ 3,879  $ (5) $ 708  $ 703 
Tax effect —  (827) (827) —  (149) (149)
Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax $ (64) $ 3,116  $ 3,052  $ (5) $ 559  $ 554 
  Six Months Ended June 30
  2025 2024
Auction Rate Money Market Preferred All Other AFS Securities Total Auction Rate Money Market Preferred All Other AFS Securities Total
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period $ (279) $ 9,172  $ 8,893  $ 77  $ (2,300) $ (2,223)
Tax effect —  (1,925) (1,925) —  483  483 
Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax $ (279) $ 7,247  $ 6,968  $ 77  $ (1,817) $ (1,740)
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Note 7 – Fair Value
Under fair value measurement and disclosure authoritative guidance, we group assets and liabilities measured at fair value into three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded, and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value, based on the prioritization of inputs in the valuation techniques. These levels are:
Level 1: Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
Level 2: Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
Level 3: Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
The asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Transfers between measurement levels are recognized at the end of reporting periods.
Fair value measurement requires the use of an exit price notion which may differ from entrance pricing. Generally, we believe our assets and liabilities classified as Level 1 or Level 2 approximate an exit price notion.
Following is a description of the valuation methodologies, key inputs, and an indication of the level of the fair value hierarchy in which the assets or liabilities are classified.
AFS securities: AFS securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Level 1 fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments. Level 2 fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss and liquidity assumptions. The values for Level 1 and Level 2 investment securities are generally obtained from an independent third party. On a quarterly basis, we compare the values provided to alternative pricing sources.
Loans: We do not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, some loans are individually evaluated for ACL purposes, and a specific ACL may be established. To measure reserve, the fair value of the loan is estimated using the fair value of the collateral, less costs to sell if foreclosure is probable, or the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. Loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans.
We review the net realizable values of the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans on at least a quarterly basis for all loan types. To determine the collateral value, we utilize independent appraisals, broker price opinions, or internal evaluations. We review these valuations to determine whether an additional discount should be applied given the age of market information that may have been considered as well as other factors such as costs to sell an asset if it is determined that the collateral will be liquidated in connection with the ultimate settlement of the loan. We use these valuations to determine if any specific reserves or charge-offs are necessary. We may obtain new valuations in certain circumstances, including when there has been significant deterioration in the condition of the collateral, if the foreclosure process has begun, or if the existing valuation is deemed to be outdated.

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The following tables list the quantitative information about loans measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of:
June 30, 2025
Valuation Technique Fair Value Unobservable Input Actual Range Weighted Average
Collateral Dependent Loans Discount applied to collateral:
Discounted value $ 1,087  Real Estate
30%
30%
December 31, 2024
Valuation Technique Fair Value Unobservable Input Actual Range Weighted Average
Collateral Dependent Loans Discount applied to collateral:
Discounted value $ 254  Real Estate
20%
20%
Collateral discount rates may have ranges to accommodate differences in the age of the independent appraisal, broker price opinion, or internal evaluation.
OMSR: OMSR (which are included in other assets) are subject to impairment testing. To test for impairment, we utilize a discounted cash flow analysis using interest rates and prepayment speed assumptions currently quoted for comparable instruments and discount rates. If the valuation model reflects a value less than the carrying value, OMSR are adjusted to fair value through a valuation allowance as determined by the model. As such, we classify OMSR subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustments as Level 3.
The following table lists the quantitative information about OMSR fair value measurement as of:
June 30, 2025
Valuation Technique Fair Value Unobservable Input Rate
Discounted cash flow $ 2,261  Constant prepayment rate 7%
Discount rate 11%
December 31, 2024
Valuation Technique Fair Value Unobservable Input Rate
Discounted cash flow $ 2,483  Constant prepayment rate 7%
Discount rate 11%
The preceding methods described may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Although we believe our valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement.
Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value in their Entirety on a Recurring Basis
Disclosure of the estimated fair values of financial instruments, which differ from carrying values, often requires the use of estimates. In cases where quoted market values in an active market are not available, we use present value techniques and other valuation methods to estimate the fair values of our financial instruments. These valuation methods require considerable judgment and the resulting estimates of fair value can be significantly affected by the assumptions made and methods used.
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The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments not recorded at fair value in their entirety on a recurring basis were as follows as of:
  June 30, 2025
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 108,554  $ 108,554  $ 108,554  $ —  $ — 
FHLB stock (1)
5,600  N/A —  —  — 
Mortgage loans HFS 55  56  —  56  — 
Gross loans 1,397,513  1,353,000  —  —  1,353,000 
Less allowance for credit losses 12,977  12,977  —  —  12,977 
Net loans 1,384,536  1,340,023  —  —  1,340,023 
Accrued interest receivable 7,538  7,538  7,538  —  — 
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values (1)
3,086  N/A —  —  — 
LIABILITIES
Deposits without stated maturities 1,453,444  1,453,444  1,453,444  —  — 
Deposits with stated maturities 395,932  394,010  —  394,010  — 
Short-term borrowings 43,208  43,155  —  43,155  — 
FHLB advances —  —  —  —  — 
Subordinated debt, net of unamortized issuance costs
29,469  27,896  —  27,896  — 
Accrued interest payable 937  937  937  —  — 
  December 31, 2024
  Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 24,542  $ 24,542  $ 24,542  $ —  $ — 
FHLB stock (1)
12,762  N/A —  —  — 
Mortgage loans HFS 242  247  —  247  — 
Gross loans 1,423,571  1,363,883  —  —  1,363,883 
Less allowance for credit losses 12,895  12,895  —  —  12,895 
Net loans 1,410,676  1,350,988  —  —  1,350,988 
Accrued interest receivable 8,085  8,085  8,085  —  — 
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values (1)
3,086  N/A —  —  — 
LIABILITIES
Deposits without stated maturities 1,359,469  1,359,469  1,359,469  —  — 
Deposits with stated maturities 387,591  385,200  —  385,200  — 
Short-term borrowings 53,567  53,503  —  53,503  — 
FHLB advances 30,000  30,000  —  30,000  — 
Subordinated debt, net of unamortized issuance costs
29,424  27,658  —  27,658  — 
Accrued interest payable 1,051  1,051  1,051  —  — 
(1) Due to the characteristics of equity securities without readily determinable fair values, they are not disclosed under a specific fair value hierarchy. When an impairment or write-down related to these securities is recorded, such amount would be classified as a nonrecurring Level 3 fair value adjustment.
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Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value
The table below presents the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on:
  June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Recurring items
AFS securities
U.S. Treasury $ 204,306  $ —  $ 204,306  $ —  $ 220,571  $ —  $ 220,571  $ — 
States and political subdivisions 68,320  —  68,320  —  76,568  —  76,568  — 
Auction rate money market preferred 2,765  —  2,765  —  3,044  —  3,044  — 
Mortgage-backed securities 24,657  —  24,657  —  26,886  —  26,886  — 
Collateralized mortgage obligations 193,240  —  193,240  —  154,674  —  154,674  — 
Corporate 7,272  —  7,272  —  7,286  —  7,286  — 
Total AFS securities 500,560  —  500,560  —  489,029  —  489,029  — 
Nonrecurring items
Collateral dependent (net of ACL) 1,087  —  —  1,087  254  —  —  254 
Foreclosed assets 667  —  —  667  544  —  —  544 
OMSR 2,261  —  —  2,261  2,185  —  —  2,185 
Total $ 504,575  $ —  $ 500,560  $ 4,015  $ 492,012  $ —  $ 489,029  $ 2,983 
Percent of assets and liabilities measured at fair value 0.00  % 99.20  % 0.80  % 0.00  % 99.39  % 0.61  %
We recorded an impairment related to foreclosed assets of $0 and $63 through earnings for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025. No impairments related to foreclosed assets were recorded for the three and six month period ended June 30, 2024. We recorded an impairment related to OMSR of $2 through earnings for each of the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025. No impairments related to OMSR were recorded for the three and six month period ended June 30, 2024.We had no other assets or liabilities recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recognized through earnings, on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis, as of June 30, 2025. Further, we had no unrealized gains and losses included in OCI for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts and ratios, unless otherwise noted)
The following is management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the unaudited periods covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 (this “Form 10-Q”). This analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 12, 2025 (the “2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K”) and with the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes, beginning on page 4 of this Form 10-Q. Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Form 10-Q to “we,” “our,” “us,” and “the Corporation” refer to Isabella Bank Corporation, a Michigan corporation and registered financial holding company, our wholly-owned banking subsidiary, Isabella Bank, and our other consolidated subsidiaries. References to the “Bank” refer to Isabella Bank.
General
Isabella Bank Corporation is a registered financial holding company that was incorporated in September 1988 under Michigan law. The Corporation's wholly owned subsidiary, Isabella Bank, has 31 offices located throughout Bay, Clare, Gratiot, Isabella, Mecosta, Midland, Montcalm, and Saginaw counties. The area includes significant agricultural production, manufacturing, retail, gaming and tourism, and several colleges and universities.
Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q contains statements that we believe are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “might,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “strive,” “projection,” “goal,” “target,” “outlook,” “aim,” “would,” “annualized” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
There are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following:
•potential recession in the United States and our market areas;
•the impacts related to or resulting from uncertainty in the banking industry as a whole;
•increased competition for deposits and related changes in deposit customer behavior;
•the lingering inflationary pressures, and the risk of the resurgence of elevated levels of inflation, in the United States and our market areas, and its impact on market interest rates, the economy and credit quality;
•our ability to effectively execute our expansion strategy and manage our growth, including identifying and consummating suitable acquisitions;
•business and economic conditions, particularly those affecting our market areas, as well as the concentration of our business in such market areas;
•adverse changes in customer spending and savings habits;
•the impact of pandemics, epidemics, or any other health-related crisis;
•high concentrations of loans secured by real estate located in our market areas;
•changes in unemployment rates in the United States and our market areas;
•risks associated with our commercial loan portfolio, including the risk for deterioration in value of the general business assets that secure such loans;
•potential changes in the prices, values and sales volumes of commercial and residential real estate securing our real estate loans;
•risks associated with our agricultural loan portfolio, including the heightened sensitivity to weather conditions, commodity prices, and other factors generally outside the borrowers and our control;
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•risks related to the significant amount of credit that we have extended to a limited number of borrowers and in a limited geographic area;
•public funds deposits comprising a relatively high percentage of our deposits;
•potential impairment on the goodwill we have recorded or may record in connection with business acquisitions;
•our ability to maintain our reputation;
•our ability to successfully manage our credit risk and the sufficiency of our allowance for credit losses;
•our ability to attract, hire and retain qualified management personnel;
•our dependence on our management team, including our ability to retain executive officers and key employees and their customer and community relationships;
•interest rate fluctuations, which could have an adverse effect on our profitability;
•competition from banks, credit unions and other financial services providers;
•our ability to keep pace with technological change or difficulties we may experience when implementing new technologies;
•cybersecurity risk, including cyber incidents or other failures, disruptions or breaches of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our third-party vendors or other service providers, including as a result of a cyber-attack, could impact the Corporation’s reputation, increase regulatory oversight, and impact the financial results of the Corporation;
•our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting;
•employee error, fraudulent activity by employees or customers and inaccurate or incomplete information about our customers and counterparties;
•increased capital requirements imposed by banking regulators, which may require us to raise capital at a time when capital is not available on favorable terms or at all;
•our ability to maintain adequate liquidity and to raise necessary capital to fund our acquisition strategy and operations or to meet increased minimum regulatory capital levels;
•costs and effects of litigation, investigations or similar matters to which we may be subject, including any effect on our reputation;
•natural disasters, severe weather, acts of god, acts of war or terrorism, geopolitical instability, public health outbreaks (such as coronavirus), other international or domestic calamities, and other events beyond our control, including as a result of in the policies of the current U.S. presidential administration or Congress;
•a deterioration of the credit rating for United States long-term sovereign debt or uncertainty regarding United States fiscal debt, deficit and budget matters;
•the impacts of tariffs, sanctions and other trade policies of the United States and its global trading counterparts and the resulting impact on the Corporation and its customers;
•compliance with governmental and regulatory requirements, including the Dodd-Frank Act Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”), Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018 (“EGRRCPA”), and others relating to banking, consumer protection, securities and tax matters;
•changes in the laws, rules, regulations, interpretations or policies that apply to the Corporation’s business and operations, and any additional regulations, or repeals that may be forthcoming as a result thereof, which could cause the Corporation to incur additional costs and adversely affect the Corporation’s business environment, operations and financial results; and
•our ability to navigate the uncertain impacts of current and future governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including the current and future policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”) and as a result of initiatives of the Trump administration.
The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this Form 10-Q and the risk factors set forth in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Because of these risks and other uncertainties, our actual future results, performance or achievements, or industry results, may be materially different from the results indicated by the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q. In addition, our past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of our future results. Accordingly, you should not rely on any forward-looking statements, which represent our beliefs, assumptions and estimates only as of the dates on which such forward-looking statements were made.
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Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and the prevailing practices in the financial services industry. However, we also evaluate our performance by reference to certain additional financial measures discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that we identify as being “non-GAAP financial measures.” In accordance with SEC rules, we classify a financial measure as being a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP as in effect from time to time in the United States in our statements of income, balance sheets or statements of cash flows. Non-GAAP financial measures do not include operating and other statistical measures or ratios, or statistical measures calculated using exclusively either financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, operating measures or other measures that are not non-GAAP financial measures or both.
The non-GAAP financial measures that we discuss in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the most directly comparable or other financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which we calculate the non-GAAP financial measures that we discuss in this report may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names.
Available Information
The Corporation maintains an Internet web site at ir.isabellabank.com. The Corporation makes available, free of charge, on its web site (under ir.isabellabank.com/sec-filings/default) the Corporation’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after the Corporation files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. The Corporation also makes available, free of charge, through its web site (under ir.isabellabank.com/governance/governance-documents/default) links to the Corporation’s Code of Conduct and Business Ethics and the charters for its board committees. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site (at www.sec.gov ) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
The Corporation routinely posts important information for investors on its web site (under ir.isabellabank.com and, more specifically, under the News tab at ir.isabellabank.com/news/default). The Corporation intends to use its web site as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with its disclosure obligations under SEC Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure). Accordingly, investors should monitor the Corporation’s web site, in addition to following the Corporation’s press releases, SEC filings, public conference calls, presentations and webcasts.
The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, the Corporation’s web site is not incorporated by reference into, and is not a part of, this Form 10-Q.
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Executive Summary
Comparison of Operating Results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, unless otherwise noted
Net income in the second quarter of 2025 was $5,031, or $0.68 per diluted share, compared with $3,481, or $0.46 per diluted share, in the same quarter 2024. The non-GAAP measure of adjusted net income in the second quarter 2025 totaled $4,096, or $0.55 per diluted share, compared to $3,476 or $0.46 per diluted share, in the same quarter of 2024.
Net income for the year-to-date period of 2025 was $8,980, or $1.21 per diluted share, compared with $6,612, or $0.88 per diluted share, in the same period of 2024. Adjusted net income was $8,350, or $1.13 per diluted share, compared with $6,553, or $0.87 per diluted share, for the respective periods.
Net interest income was $15,129 in the second quarter of 2025 and $13,550 in the same quarter of 2024, representing 3.14% and 2.82% of earning assets, or NIM on an FTE basis, respectively. The book yield from securities was 2.38% and 2.17% during the second quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our yield on loans expanded to 5.71% in the second quarter 2025, up from 5.50% in the same quarter of 2024. The expansion in loan yields was a result of higher rates on new loans and variable rate commercial loans that continue to reprice. At the end of the second quarter 2025, approximately 38% of commercial loans were fixed at rates that are lower than current market. Most of those fixed rate loans will contractually reprice to variable rates over the next four years. Our cost of interest-bearing liabilities in the second quarter 2025 decreased to 2.24% from 2.38% in the second quarter 2024 due to reductions to rates in the money market and certificate of deposit products. NIM is expected to continue to expand as loans reprice and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities stabilizes.
For the first six months of 2025, net interest income was $29,654 compared with $26,792 in the same period of 2024. The comparison of NIM and yield on interest earning assets for the six months ending June 30, 2025 were 3.10% and 4.78%, respectively, compared to 2.81% and 4.54%, respectively, for the same period in 2024. The yield on loans expanded to 5.72%, from 5.45%, and our cost of interest bearing liabilities decreased to 2.25% from 2.33% for the first six months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The explanations for the improvement in NIM are consistent with those provided in the year-over-year three month comparison above.
The provision for credit losses was a credit of $1,099 in the second quarter of 2025, which reflects net recoveries totaling $1,432, partially offset by a $242 increase in the ACL on loans and an increase in the reserve for unfunded commitments. Recoveries totaled $1,822, of which $1,556 were related to overdrawn deposit accounts from a single customer charged off during the third quarter of 2024. The provision for loan losses in the same period of 2024 was $170 due to growth in core loans, which excludes advances to mortgage brokers (non-GAAP), and unfunded commitments.
For the first half of 2025, provision for credit losses was a credit of $1,206 compared to a provision of $562 in the same period of 2024. The drivers of the credit and provision for the six month comparison are consistent with those provided in the three month comparison above. Credit quality remains strong with low levels of past due and nonaccrual loans and net charge offs. The Corporation continues to closely monitor credit quality in light of the continued economic uncertainty caused by, among other factors, the interest rate environment, employment data in recent periods, continued uncertainty regarding U.S. trade and tariff policy and the lingering inflationary pressures, and the risk of the resurgence of elevated levels of inflation, in the United States and our market areas. Accordingly, additional provisions for credit losses may be necessary in future periods.
Noninterest income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $3,686 and $3,608, respectively. Service charges and fees increased $48 as a result of profitability initiatives designed to increase fee income. Wealth management fees grew $36 due to growth in assets under management as compared to the second quarter of 2024. AUM totaled $678,959, $656,617, and $647,850 as of June 30, 2025, March 31, 2025, and June 30, 2024, respectively. Earnings on BOLI policies increased $47 over the prior year quarter due to new investments in a separate account BOLI, which was offset in part by a one-time expense of $120 due to restructuring charges. For the first six months of 2025, noninterest income was $7,214, compared to $7,076 in the same period of 2024. Service charges and fees, wealth management fees, and earnings on BOLI policies increased $89, $76, and $176, respectively. The reasons for the increase in noninterest income for the six month comparison are the same as the three month comparison.
Noninterest expenses for the three-month period ended June 30, 2025 increased $850 in comparison to the same period in 2024. Compensation and benefit expenses increased $526 reflecting annual merit increases in 2025, incentives, and higher medical insurance claims compared to the second quarter of 2024. Other professional services increased $336 primarily due to $173 in fees related to profitability initiative costs and $47 in legal fees related to our Nasdaq uplisting. For the first six months of 2025, noninterest expenses were $27,044, compared to $25,571 in the same period of 2024. Compensation and benefits increased $894 for the same reasons as the three month comparison. Other professional service fees increased $534 principally due to the second quarter profitability initiative costs and $168 in legal fees related to our Nasdaq uplisting.
43

Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $1,138 and $612 and the ETR was 18% and 15%, respectively. The increase in the ETR was primarily due to a higher annual forecast of pretax income. Income tax expense for the first six months of 2025 was $2,050, compared to $1,123 in the same period of 2024 and the ETR was 19% and 15%, respectively. The ETR in the first six months of 2025 included a one-time expense totaling $166 due to the taxes owed from the lifetime earnings on BOLI policies that were surrendered during the first quarter. Excluding the one-time charge, the ETR was 17%, which is higher than the prior year due to a higher annual forecast of pretax income.
Financial Condition (June 30, 2025 to December 31, 2024 comparison)
Total assets increased $69,927 to $2,156,168 as of June 30, 2025, primarily due to an increase of $72,596 in interest bearing cash, $11,531 increase in AFS securities, and a $10,892 increase in BOLI policies, offset by a $26,058 decrease in gross loans.
Our AFS securities portfolio totaled $500,560 at June 30, 2025, increasing $11,531 at the end of second quarter 2025. The increase was driven by $51,000 in purchases with a weighted-average yield of 4.63%. Amortization and maturities of $47,819 offset the increase from purchases. Net unrealized losses at June 30, 2025 totaled $17,594, or 3.40%, of the portfolio and improved during the quarter due to the treasury portfolio rapidly approaching maturity and a decrease in market yields. The par value and corresponding book yields that are estimated to mature or payoff by year include: $28,200 in principal with a weighted-average book yield of 2.36% over the remainder of 2025; $217,400 at 1.17% in 2026; and $63,000 at 1.87% in 2027. Some of these securities amortize so the actual principal paydown may differ from these estimates.
Gross loans decreased $26,058 to $1,397,513 as of June 30, 2025 totaled $1,397,513. While core loans (non-GAAP) grew $34,017, advances to mortgage brokers decreased $60,075 due to lower participation demand from our counterparty. However, the decline in advances to mortgage brokers has provided liquidity to refocus on loans that can be recorded on our balance sheet for longer terms and help to mitigate interest rate risk.
Core loans (non-GAAP) grew $34,017, led by growth in the commercial and industrial and commercial real estate portfolios of $7,096 and $22,665, respectively. Commercial loan growth during the year was in the real estate, construction, and hospitality industries. While our commercial pipeline is strong at the beginning of the third quarter, our ability to grow the loan portfolio is subject to uncertainties around timing and funding, customer demand, and overall economic conditions. Residential mortgages increased $17,796 since year-end 2024 with $11,320 of growth in the second quarter as construction drawdowns and seasonal patterns occurred. Most residential originations were adjustable rate products, which are put on the balance sheet rather than sold in the secondary market. The consumer loan portfolio continues to roll off amid decreasing demand, competition and our adherence to credit quality standards.
The ACL was $12,977 at June 30, 2025, an increase of $82 from $12,895 at December 31, 2024. The increase is due to core loan growth (non-GAAP), offset by improvement in historical loss experience driven by the recovery of previously charged-off loans during the year. Nonaccrual loans were $1,164 as of June 30, 2025 compared to $282 at December 31, 2024. Past due and accruing accounts between 30 to 89 days as a percentage of total loans was 0.08% at June 30, 2025, compared to 0.40% at year-end 2024. Overall, credit quality remains strong, and there are no negative trends.
BOLI assets were $45,774 at June 30, 2025, an increase of $10,892 from December 31, 2024. The growth was mostly driven by a $10,583 investment of new policies in a separate account product at the beginning of January. In the first half of 2025, we also surrendered and/or exchanged $13,721 of existing general account policies and redeployed the funds into a separate account BOLI. As part of BOLI restructuring, another $914 of general account policies will be exchanged for separate account BOLI, which is expected to be completed by the end of the third quarter of 2025. The separate account BOLI currently yields 5.4%, compared to a weighted-average yield of 2.9% from existing general account policies.
Total deposits increased $102,316 from December 31, 2024, to $1,849,376 at June 30, 2025. The growth was driven by demand and money market deposits. The $77,104 increase in demand deposits was primarily driven by one customer with large deposits during the second quarter that are expected to be withdrawn by the customer by the end of the year. Consumer demand for retail certificates of deposit accounts continues based on the rate environment, resulting in a $8,341 increase in the balance during the first six months of 2025.
Total equity was $220,500, or $29.95 per share, at June 30, 2025 compared to $210,276, or $28.32 per share, at year-end 2024. Our tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) was $23.39 as of June 30, 2025, compared to $21.82 on December 31, 2024. Net unrealized losses on AFS securities reduced tangible book value per share by $1.90 and $2.82 for the respective periods. Share repurchases totaled 103,406 during the first six months of 2025 for a value of $2,650 at an average price of $25.63.
We continue to have robust liquidity levels and capital. As of June 30, 2025, we had $925,528 of unencumbered sources of liquidity and strong capital ratios; the Tier 1 Leverage Ratio was 9.04%, Tier 1 risk-based capital was 12.46%, and Total risk-based capital was 15.34%.
44

Recent Events
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “OBBBA”) was signed into law by President Trump, which includes a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses, including extending and modifying certain key provisions from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and expanding certain incentives from the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 while accelerating the phase-out of others. The Corporation continues to evaluate the OBBBA but does not anticipate that the OBBBA will have a material impact on the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements. As the legislation was signed into law after the close of the second quarter of 2025, the impacts are not included in the Corporation’s operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.
Nasdaq Listing
Beginning with the opening of trading on Monday, May 12, 2025, our shares of common stock were listed for trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under our current symbol, “ISBA.” Prior to this listing on Nasdaq, our shares of common stock were listed on the OTCQX under the same symbol through May 9, 2025.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts reported in the interim 2024 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2025 presentation. Additionally, certain amounts reported as commercial and industrial loans have been reclassified as commercial real estate loans to conform to the June 30, 2025 presentation.
Subsequent Events
We evaluated subsequent events after June 30, 2025 through the date our interim condensed consolidated financial statements were issued for potential recognition and disclosure. No subsequent events require financial statement recognition or disclosure between June 30, 2025 and the date our interim condensed consolidated financial statements were issued.
45

Selected Financial Data (Unaudited)
The following table outlines our results of operations and provides certain performance measures as of, and for the:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30
2025
March 31
2025
December 31
2024
September 30
2024
June 30
2024
June 30
2025
June 30
2024
PER SHARE
Basic earnings $ 0.68  $ 0.53  $ 0.54  $ 0.44  $ 0.47  $ 1.21  $ 0.88 
Diluted earnings 0.68  0.53  0.54  0.44  0.46  1.21  0.88 
Adjusted diluted earnings (1)
0.55  0.57  0.52  0.61  0.46  1.13  0.87 
Dividends 0.28  0.28  0.28  0.28  0.28  0.56  0.56 
Book value (2)
29.95  29.10  28.32  28.63  27.06  29.95  27.06 
Tangible book value (1) (2)
23.39  22.58  21.82  22.14  20.60  23.39  20.60 
Market price (2)
30.15  23.59  25.99  21.21  18.20  30.15  18.20 
PERFORMANCE RATIOS
Return on average total assets 0.96  % 0.77  % 0.76  % 0.62  % 0.68  % 0.87  % 0.64  %
Adjusted return on average total assets (1)
0.79  % 0.83  % 0.74  % 0.87  % 0.68  % 0.81  % 0.32  %
Return on average shareholders' equity 9.19  % 7.48  % 7.47  % 6.26  % 6.97  % 8.35  % 6.58  %
Adjusted return on average shareholders' equity (1)
7.48  % 8.05  % 7.29  % 8.70  % 6.96  % 7.76  % 3.24  %
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity (1)
11.78  % 9.65  % 9.66  % 8.15  % 9.19  % 10.74  % 8.65  %
Adjusted return on average tangible shareholders' equity (1)
9.59  % 10.40  % 9.43  % 11.32  % 9.17  % 9.99  % 4.26  %
Net interest margin yield (FTE) (1)
3.14  % 3.06  % 2.98  % 2.96  % 2.82  % 3.10  % 2.81  %
Efficiency ratio (1)
70.53  % 71.73  % 71.08  % 72.30  % 73.93  % 71.12  % 74.37  %
Gross loan to deposit ratio (2)
75.57  % 76.07  % 81.48  % 79.93  % 80.22  % 75.57  % 80.22  %
Shareholders' equity to total assets (2)
10.23  % 10.25  % 10.08  % 10.11  % 9.82  % 10.23  % 9.82  %
Tangible shareholders' equity to tangible assets (1) (2)
8.17  % 8.14  % 7.95  % 8.00  % 7.65  % 8.17  % 7.65  %
FINANCIAL DATA (in millions)
Total assets (2)
$ 2,156  $ 2,103  $ 2,086  $ 2,107  $ 2,060  $ 2,156  $ 2,060 
AFS securities (2)
501  513  489  507  506  501  506 
Gross loans (2)
1,398  1,368  1,424  1,424  1,382  1,398  1,382 
ACL (2)
13  13  13  13  13  13  13 
Deposits (2)
1,849  1,798  1,747  1,782  1,722  1,849  1,722 
Borrowed funds (2)
73  77  113  97  119  73  119 
Shareholders' equity (2)
221  216  210  213  202  221  202 
Wealth assets under management (2)
679  657  658  680  648  679  648 
Net income
Interest income 23  23  23  23  22  46  43 
Interest expense 16  17 
Net interest income 15  15  15  14  14  30  27 
Provision for credit losses (1) —  —  —  (1)
Noninterest income
Noninterest expenses 14  13  13  13  13  27  26 
(1) Non-GAAP financial measure; refer to the "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section of this Form 10-Q.
(2) At end of period.
46

Average Balances, Interest Rates, and Net Interest Income
The following schedules present the daily average amount outstanding for each major category of interest earning assets, non-earning assets, interest bearing liabilities, and noninterest bearing liabilities. These schedules also present an analysis of interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated. All interest income is reported on a FTE basis using a federal income tax rate of 21%. Loans in nonaccrual status, for the purpose of the following computations, are included in the average loan balances. FRB restricted equity holdings are included in other interest earning assets.
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2025 March 31, 2025 June 30, 2024
Average
Balance
Tax
Equivalent
Interest
Average
Yield /
Rate
Average
Balance
Tax
Equivalent
Interest
Average
Yield /
Rate
Average
Balance
Tax
Equivalent
Interest
Average
Yield /
Rate
INTEREST EARNING ASSETS
Loans (1)
$ 1,388,684  $ 19,832  5.71  % $ 1,370,765  $ 19,348  5.71  % $ 1,375,523  $ 18,863  5.50  %
AFS securities (2)
534,352  3,210  2.38  % 514,479  2,827  2.20  % 545,827  3,041  2.17  %
FHLB stock 5,600  125  8.94  % 11,011  160  5.82  % 12,762  158  4.97  %
Fed funds sold —  3.83  % —  4.32  % —  5.30  %
Other (3)
20,487  253  4.92  % 47,374  482  4.06  % 14,054  263  7.38  %
Total interest earning assets 1,949,129  23,420  4.81  % 1,943,633  22,817  4.75  % 1,948,173  22,325  4.59  %
NONEARNING ASSETS
Allowance for credit losses (13,369) (12,884) (13,431)
Cash and demand deposits due from banks 22,026  23,899  23,931 
Premises and equipment 28,306  27,962  27,999 
Other assets 106,595  102,927  80,539 
Total assets $ 2,092,687  $ 2,085,537  $ 2,067,211 
INTEREST BEARING LIABILITIES
Interest bearing demand deposits $ 236,076  220  0.37  % $ 240,860  242  0.41  % $ 238,866  180  0.30  %
Money market deposits 449,110  2,857  2.55  % 460,663  2,929  2.58  % 434,061  3,077  2.85  %
Savings 286,434  544  0.76  % 286,364  538  0.76  % 283,605  398  0.56  %
Certificates of deposit 395,450  3,770  3.82  % 387,820  3,754  3.93  % 366,440  3,658  4.01  %
Short-term borrowings 41,661  324  3.11  % 43,563  341  3.18  % 40,609  321  3.18  %
FHLB advances 11,539  132  4.53  % 3,333  38  4.53  % 45,494  638  5.55  %
Subordinated debt, net of unamortized issuance costs
29,455  266  3.61  % 29,433  266  3.62  % 29,365  266  3.63  %
Total interest bearing liabilities 1,449,725  8,113  2.24  % 1,452,036  8,108  2.26  % 1,438,440  8,538  2.38  %
NONINTEREST BEARING LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Demand deposits 409,262  403,024  411,282 
Other liabilities 14,158  16,265  16,755 
Shareholders’ equity 219,542  214,212  200,734 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 2,092,687  $ 2,085,537  $ 2,067,211 
Net interest income (FTE) $ 15,307  $ 14,709  $ 13,787 
Net yield on interest earning assets (FTE) (4)
3.14  % 3.06  % 2.82  %

47

Six Months Ended
June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024
Average Balance Tax Equivalent Interest Average Yield/Rate Average Balance Tax Equivalent Interest Average Yield/Rate
INTEREST EARNING ASSETS
Loans (1)
$ 1,379,774  $ 39,180  5.72  % $ 1,362,135  $ 36,920  5.45  %
AFS securities (2)
524,470  6,037  2.31  % 551,429  6,171  2.24  %
FHLB stock 8,291  285  6.89  % 12,762  304  4.77  %
Fed funds sold —  4.03  % —  5.34  %
Other (3)
33,856  735  4.32  % 19,632  556  5.60  %
Total interest earning assets 1,946,396  46,237  4.78  % 1,945,965  43,951  4.54  %
NONEARNING ASSETS
Allowance for credit losses (13,127) (13,264)
Cash and demand deposits due from banks 22,956  23,974 
Premises and equipment 28,134  28,010 
Other assets 104,770  82,302 
Total assets $ 2,089,129  $ 2,066,987 
INTEREST BEARING LIABILITIES
Interest bearing demand deposits $ 238,455  462  0.39  % $ 242,082  381  0.32  %
Money market deposits 454,855  5,786  2.56  % 442,769  6,289  2.86  %
Savings 286,399  1,082  0.76  % 283,288  731  0.52  %
Certificates of deposit 391,657  7,524  3.87  % 361,990  7,075  3.93  %
Short-term borrowings 42,607  665  3.15  % 40,616  642  3.18  %
FHLB advances 7,459  170  4.53  % 36,593  1,026  5.55  %
Subordinated debt, net of unamortized issuance costs
29,444  532  3.62  % 29,354  532  3.63  %
Total interest bearing liabilities 1,450,876  16,221  2.25  % 1,436,692  16,676  2.33  %
NONINTEREST BEARING LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Demand deposits 406,160  411,756 
Other liabilities 15,200  16,445 
Shareholders’ equity 216,893  202,094 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 2,089,129  $ 2,066,987 
Net interest income (FTE) $ 30,016  $ 27,275 
Net yield on interest earning assets (FTE) (4)
3.10  % 2.81  %
(1) Includes loans HFS and nonaccrual loans.
(2) Average balances for AFS securities are based on amortized cost.
(3) Includes average interest-bearing deposits with other banks, net of Federal Reserve daily cash letter.
(4) Non-GAAP financial measure; refer to the "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.
48

Loans
The following table displays loan balances as of:
June 30
2025
March 31
2025
December 31
2024
September 30
2024
June 30
2024
Annualized Growth %
Quarter to Date
Annualized Growth %
Year to Date
Commercial and industrial $ 207,719  $ 205,172  $ 200,623  $ 197,372  $ 198,769  4.97  % 7.07  %
Commercial real estate 614,383  596,282  591,718  590,255  586,481  12.14  % 7.66  %
Advances to mortgage brokers 3,005  3,015  63,080  76,187  39,300  (1.33) % (190.47) %
Agricultural 96,842  94,359  99,694  96,794  94,996  10.53  % (5.72) %
Total commercial loans 921,949  898,828  955,115  960,608  919,546  10.29  % (6.94) %
Residential real estate 398,668  387,348  380,872  369,846  365,188  11.69  % 9.34  %
Consumer 76,896  81,548  87,584  93,829  96,902  (22.82) % (24.41) %
Total $ 1,397,513  $ 1,367,724  $ 1,423,571  $ 1,424,283  $ 1,381,636  8.71  % (3.66) %
The following table presents the composition of our commercial real estate portfolio by industry as of:
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Balance Percent of Total Balance Percent of Total
Real estate
1-4 family investor $ 88,388  14.39  % $ 86,736  14.66  %
Multifamily 65,132  10.60  % 61,033  10.31  %
All other 173,924  28.31  % 158,739  26.83  %
Hotels 85,401  13.90  % 83,756  14.15  %
Health care 49,168  8.00  % 50,083  8.46  %
Retail trade 32,364  5.27  % 35,063  5.93  %
Manufacturing 18,684  3.04  % 17,030  2.88  %
Accommodation services 17,262  2.81  % 16,804  2.84  %
Construction 14,961  2.44  % 12,825  2.17  %
Educational services 10,872  1.77  % 11,160  1.89  %
Wholesale trade 10,676  1.74  % 11,073  1.87  %
Other 47,551  7.73  % 47,416  8.01  %
Total commercial real estate $ 614,383  100.00  % $ 591,718  100.00  %
Commercial real estate loans are subject to a varying degree of risk from changes in interest rates and economic conditions. To control these risks, we maintain strict underwriting standards, lending limits to a single borrower, loan to collateral value limits, and a defined market area. We also monitor and limit loan concentrations to specific industries. Our practices also include appropriate loan reviews, and monitoring of past due levels, concentrations, industry trends, and other qualitative factors.
Deposits
The following table displays deposit balances as of:
June 30
2025
March 31
2025
December 31
2024
September 30
2024
June 30
2024
Annualized Growth %
Quarter to Date
Annualized Growth %
Year to Date
Noninterest bearing demand deposits $ 493,477  $ 404,194  $ 416,373  $ 421,493  $ 412,193  88.36  % 37.04  %
Interest bearing demand deposits 223,376  243,939  237,548  228,902  232,660  (33.72) % (11.93) %
Money market deposits 446,845  473,138  423,883  471,745  429,150  (22.23) % 10.83  %
Savings 289,746  286,399  281,665  276,095  279,847  4.67  % 5.74  %
Certificates of deposit 395,932  390,239  387,591  383,597  368,449  5.84  % 4.30  %
Total $ 1,849,376  $ 1,797,909  $ 1,747,060  $ 1,781,832  $ 1,722,299  11.45  % 11.71  %
49

Asset Quality Analysis
The following table outlines our asset quality analysis as of, and for the three-month periods ended:
June 30
2025
March 31
2025
December 31
2024
September 30
2024
June 30
2024
NONPERFORMING ASSETS
Commercial and industrial $ 17  $ —  $ —  $ 120  $ 271 
Commercial real estate 533  —  —  —  — 
Agricultural —  —  —  —  167 
Residential real estate 614  173  282  427  556 
Consumer —  —  —  —  — 
Total nonaccrual loans 1,164  173  282  547  994 
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more 31  26  19  64  15 
Total nonperforming loans 1,195  199  301  611  1,009 
Foreclosed assets 667  649  544  546  629 
Debt securities —  —  —  12  12 
Total nonperforming assets $ 1,862  $ 848  $ 845  $ 1,169  $ 1,650 
Nonperforming loans to gross loans 0.09  % 0.01  % 0.02  % 0.04  % 0.07  %
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.09  % 0.04  % 0.04  % 0.06  % 0.08  %
Nonaccrual loans to gross loans 0.08  % 0.01  % 0.02  % 0.04  % 0.07  %
ACL as a % of nonaccrual loans N/M N/M N/M N/M N/M
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Allowance at beginning of period $ 12,735  $ 12,895  $ 12,635  $ 13,095  $ 13,390 
Charge-offs 390  172  299  1,767  527 
Recoveries 1,822  224  197  408  134 
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) (1,432) (52) 102  1,359  393 
(Reversal of) provision for credit losses - loans (1,190) (212) 362  899  98 
Allowance at end of period $ 12,977  $ 12,735  $ 12,895  $ 12,635  $ 13,095 
ACL to gross loans 0.93  % 0.93  % 0.91  % 0.89  % 0.95  %
Reserve for unfunded commitments 708  617  512  498  450 
Provision for credit losses - unfunded commitments 91  105  14  47  72 
Reserve to unfunded commitments 0.16  % 0.14  % 0.15  % 0.15  % 0.14  %
NET LOAN CHARGE-OFFS (RECOVERIES)
Commercial and industrial $ 68  $ (80) $ 13  $ (6) $ 334 
Commercial real estate (50) (2) (2) (318) (29)
Agricultural —  —  (4) —  — 
Residential real estate (16) (13) (16) (20) (19)
Consumer (1,434) 43  111  1,703  107 
Total $ (1,432) $ (52) $ 102  $ 1,359  $ 393 
Net (recoveries) charge-offs (Quarter to Date annualized to average loans) (0.41) % (0.02) % 0.03  % 0.39  % 0.11  %
Net (recoveries) charge-offs (Year to Date annualized to average loans) (0.22) % (0.02) % 0.14  % 0.17  % 0.06  %
DELINQUENT AND NONACCRUAL LOANS
Accruing loans 30-89 days past due $ 1,076  $ 5,555  $ 5,682  $ 2,226  $ 1,484 
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more 31  26  19  64  15 
Total accruing past due loans 1,107  5,581  5,701  2,290  1,499 
Nonaccrual loans 1,164  173  282  547  994 
Total past due and nonaccrual loans $ 2,271  $ 5,754  $ 5,983  $ 2,837  $ 2,493 

50

Capital
Capital consists solely of common stock, retained earnings, and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). We are authorized to raise capital through dividend reinvestment, employee and director stock purchases, and shareholder stock purchases. Pursuant to these authorizations, we issued 28,830 shares or $759 of common stock during the first six months of 2025, as compared to 43,980 shares or $840 of common stock during the same period in 2024. We offer the Directors Plan in which participants purchase stock units through deferred fees, in lieu of cash payments. Pursuant to this plan, we increased shareholders’ equity by $201 and $279 during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We also grant restricted stock awards pursuant to the RSP. Pursuant to this plan, we increased shareholders’ equity by $21 during the first six months of 2025, as compared to $45 during the same period in 2024.
We have publicly announced a common stock repurchase program. Pursuant to this repurchase program, we repurchased 103,406 shares or $2,650 of common stock during the first six months of 2025 and 72,093 shares or $1,402 of common stock during the first six months of 2024. As of June 30, 2025, we were authorized to repurchase up to an additional 514,823 shares of common stock under the repurchae program.
The FRB has established minimum risk-based capital guidelines. Pursuant to these guidelines, a framework has been established that assigns risk weights to each category of on and off-balance-sheet items to arrive at risk adjusted total assets. Regulatory capital is divided by the risk adjusted assets with the resulting ratio compared to the minimum standard to determine whether a corporation has adequate capital. At June 30, 2025, we and the Bank were “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. Management believes that no conditions or events have occurred since June 30, 2025 that would materially adversely change such capital classifications. From time to time, we may need to raise additional capital to support our and the Bank’s further growth and to maintain our “well capitalized” status.
The following table sets forth our consolidated capital ratios as of:
June 30
2025
March 31
2025
December 31
2024
September 30
2024
June 30
2024
Common equity tier 1 capital 12.46  % 12.58  % 12.21  % 12.08  % 12.37  %
Tier 1 capital 12.46  % 12.58  % 12.21  % 12.08  % 12.37  %
Total capital 15.34  % 15.50  % 15.06  % 14.90  % 15.29  %
Tier 1 leverage 9.04  % 8.96  % 8.86  % 8.77  % 8.83  %
Community Bank Leverage Ratio
On September 17, 2019, the federal banking agencies jointly finalized a rule to be effective January 1, 2020 and intended to simplify the regulatory capital requirements described above for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the Community Bank Leverage Ratio (“CBLR”) framework, as required by Section 201 of the EGRRCPA. The final rule became effective on January 1, 2020, and the CBLR framework became available for banks to use beginning with their March 31, 2020 Call Reports. Under the final rule, if a qualifying community banking organization opts into the CBLR framework and meets all requirements under the framework, it will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements under the “prompt corrective action” regulations described above and will not be required to report or calculate risk-based capital. In order to qualify for the CBLR framework, a community banking organization must have a tier 1 leverage ratio of greater than 9%, less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities. Although the Corporation and the Bank are qualifying community banking organizations, the Corporation and the Bank have elected not to opt in to the CBLR framework at this time and will continue to follow the Basel III capital requirements as described in “Note 6 – Capital Ratios and Shareholders' Equity” of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements included with this Form 10-Q.
Liquidity
Liquidity is monitored regularly by our ALCO, which consists of members of senior management. The committee reviews projected cash flows, key ratios, and liquidity available from both primary and secondary sources.
Our primary sources of liquidity are retail deposits, cash and cash equivalents, and unencumbered AFS securities. Cash, cash equivalents and unencumbered AFS securities totaled $453,330, or 21.02% of assets, as of June 30, 2025, compared to $330,876, or 15.86%, as of December 31, 2024. The increase in the amount and percentage of primary liquidity is a direct result of an increase in cash, driven by deposit growth. Liquidity is important for financial institutions because of their need to meet loan funding commitments, depositor withdrawal requests, and various other commitments including expansion of operations, investment opportunities, and payment of cash dividends. Based on these same factors, daily liquidity could vary significantly.
51

Our secondary sources include the ability to borrow from the FHLB, from the FRB, and through various correspondent banks in the form of federal funds purchased and lines of credit. These funding methods typically carry a higher interest rate than traditional market deposit accounts. Some borrowed funds, including FHLB advances, FRB Discount Window advances, and repurchase agreements, require us to pledge assets, typically in the form of AFS securities or loans, as collateral. As of June 30, 2025, we had available lines of credit of $376,974.
We monitor our daily liquidity position to meet our cash flow needs. We also forecast anticipated funding needs for changes in interest rates and economic conditions, the scheduled maturity and interest rate sensitivity of the investment and loan portfolios and deposits, and regulatory capital requirements. Our liquidity stress testing is designed with consideration of these and other factors that could pose undue risk to liquidity.
Our liquidity position remained strong at June 30, 2025, which is illustrated in the following table:
June 30
2025
March 31
2025
December 31
2024
September 30
2024
June 30
2024
Total cash and cash equivalents $ 108,554  $ 69,179  $ 24,542  $ 27,378  $ 23,559 
Brokered CD capacity 120,000  120,000  120,000  120,000  120,000 
Available lines of credit
Fed funds lines with correspondent banks 93,000  93,000  93,000  93,000  93,000 
FHLB borrowings 249,890  250,884  215,432  233,552  194,403 
FRB Discount Window 29,084  28,940  28,698  28,888  28,148 
Other lines of credit 5,000  5,000  5,000  5,000  5,000 
Total available lines of credit 376,974  377,824  342,130  360,440  320,551 
Unencumbered lendable value of FRB collateral, estimated (1)
320,000  340,000  290,000  290,000  290,000 
Total cash and liquidity $ 925,528  $ 907,003  $ 776,672  $ 797,818  $ 754,110 
Uninsured deposits $ 726,240  $ 687,341  $ 645,764  $ 687,990  $ 623,245 
Coverage ratio of uninsured deposits with total cash and liquidity 127  % 132  % 120  % 116  % 121  %
(1) Includes estimated unencumbered lendable value of FHLB collateral of $250,000 as of June 30, 2025.
Fair Value
We utilize fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. AFS securities, cash flow hedge derivative instruments and certain liabilities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as mortgage loans AFS, collateral dependent loans, goodwill, foreclosed assets, OMSR, and certain other assets and liabilities. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve the application of lower of cost or market accounting or write downs of individual assets.
For further information regarding fair value measurements see “Note 7 – Fair Value” of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements included with this Form 10-Q.
Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk
As a financial institution, our primary market risks are interest rate risk and liquidity risk. IRR is the exposure of our net interest income to changes in interest rates. IRR results from the difference in the maturity or repricing frequency of a financial institution's interest earning assets and its interest-bearing liabilities. Managing IRR is the fundamental method by which financial institutions earn income and create shareholder value. Excessive exposure to IRR could pose a significant risk to our earnings and capital.
The FRB has adopted a policy requiring banks to effectively manage the various risks that can have a material impact on safety and soundness. The risks include credit, interest rate, liquidity, operational, and reputational. We have policies, procedures, and internal controls for measuring and managing these risks. Specifically, our ALCO policy and procedures include defining acceptable types and terms of investments and funding sources, liquidity requirements, limits on investments in long-term assets, limiting the mismatch in repricing opportunities of assets and liabilities, and the frequency of measuring and reporting to our Board of Directors.
52

The primary technique to measure IRR is simulation analysis. Simulation analysis forecasts the effects on the balance sheet structure and net interest income under a variety of scenarios that incorporate changes in interest rates, the shape of yield curves, interest rate relationships, loan prepayments, and funding sources. These forecasts are compared against net interest income projected in a stable interest rate environment. While many assets and liabilities reprice either at maturity or in accordance with their contractual terms, several balance sheet components demonstrate characteristics that require an evaluation to more accurately reflect their repricing behavior. Key assumptions in the simulation analysis include prepayments on loans, probable calls of investment securities, changes in market conditions, loan volumes and loan pricing, deposit sensitivity, and customer preferences. These assumptions are inherently uncertain as they are subject to fluctuation and revision in a dynamic rate environment. As a result, the simulation analysis cannot precisely forecast the impact of rising and falling interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to many other factors, including changes in balance sheet components, interest rate changes, changes in market conditions, and management strategies. We regularly monitor our projected net interest income sensitivity to ensure that it remains within established limits.
The following tables summarize our interest rate sensitivity for 12 and 24 months as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The results displayed in the tables reflect the modeling of immediate shifts in the yield curve and a flat balance sheet and do not reflect actual or expected changes.
June 30, 2025
12 Months 24 Months
Immediate basis point change assumption (short-term) -200 -100 100 200 -200 -100 100 200
Percent change in net interest income vs. constant rate (5.90) % (2.72) % 2.53  % 5.05  % (9.16) % (4.56) % 3.45  % 6.43  %
December 31, 2024
12 Months 24 Months
Immediate basis point change assumption (short-term) -200 -100 100 200 -200 -100 100 200
Percent change in net interest income vs. constant rate (3.44) % (1.55) % 1.45  % 2.83  % (4.67) % (2.18) % 1.22  % 2.00  %
Gap analysis, the secondary method to measure IRR, measures the cash flows and/or the earliest repricing of our interest-bearing assets and liabilities. This analysis is useful for measuring trends in the repricing characteristics of the balance sheet. Significant assumptions are required in this process because of the embedded repricing options contained in assets and liabilities. Residential real estate and consumer loans allow the borrower to repay the balance prior to maturity without penalty, while commercial and agricultural loans may have prepayment penalties. The amount of prepayments is dependent upon many factors, including the interest rate of a given loan in comparison to the current offering rates, the level of home sales, and the overall availability of credit in the marketplace. Generally, a decrease in interest rates will result in an increase in cash flows from these assets. Savings and demand accounts may generally be withdrawn on request without prior notice. The timing of cash flows from these deposits is estimated based on historical experience. Certificates of deposit have penalties that discourage early withdrawals.
We do not believe there has been a material change in the nature or categories of our primary market risk exposure, or the particular markets that present the primary risk of loss. We do not know of or expect there to be any material change in the general nature of our primary market risk exposure in the near term, and we do not expect to make material changes to our market risk methods in the near term. We may change those methods in the future to adapt to changes in circumstances or to implement new techniques.
Gap analysis is also utilized as a method to measure interest rate sensitivity. Interest rate sensitivity is determined by the amount of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities repricing within a specific time period, and their relative sensitivity to a change in interest rates. We strive to achieve reasonable stability in the net interest margin through periods of changing interest rates.
Contractual Obligations and Loan Commitments
We have various financial obligations, including contractual obligations and commitments related to deposits and borrowings, which may require future cash payments. We also have loan related commitments that may impact liquidity. The commitments include unused lines of credit, commercial and standby letters of credit, and commitments to grant loans. These commitments to grant loans include residential mortgage loans with the majority committed to be sold to the secondary market. Many of these commitments historically have expired without being drawn upon and do not necessarily represent our future cash requirements.
53

We are party to credit related financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk. These financial instruments are entered into in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The contractual or notional amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement we have in a particular class of financial instrument.
Our exposure to credit-related loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to the financial instruments for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit could be up to the contractual notional amount of those instruments. We use the same credit policies when analyzing the creditworthiness of counterparties as we do for extending loans to customers. No significant losses are anticipated as a result of these commitments.
Impact of Inflation
Our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative value of money over time due to inflation or recession.
The Corporation’s asset and liability structure is substantially different from that of an industrial company in that virtually all assets and liabilities of the Corporation are monetary in nature. Management believes the impact of inflation on financial results depends upon the Corporation’s ability to react to changes in interest rates and by such reaction, reduce the inflationary impact on performance. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction, or at the same magnitude, as the prices of other goods and services. However, other operating expenses do reflect general levels of inflation. Management seeks to manage the relationship between interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities in order to protect against wide net interest income fluctuations, including those resulting from inflation.
Various information shown elsewhere in this Form 10-Q will assist in the understanding of how well the Corporation is positioned to react to changing interest rates and inflationary trends. In particular, additional information related to the Corporation’s interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities is contained in this Item 2, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-Q under the heading “Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk.”
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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following tables provide a detailed analysis, and reconciliation for, our non-GAAP financial measures as of, and for the:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
  June 30
2025
March 31
2025
December 31
2024
September 30
2024
June 30
2024
June 30
2025
June 30
2024
Net income $ 5,031  $ 3,949  $ 3,996  $ 3,281  $ 3,481  $ 8,980  $ 6,612 
Net gains (losses) on foreclosed assets —  (55) 74  (55) 75 
Overdraft (charge-off) recoveries (1)
1,556  —  66  (1,622) —  1,556  — 
Profitability initiative cost (2)
(173) —  (23) —  —  (173) — 
Legal fees related to Nasdaq (2)
(47) (121) —  —  —  (168) — 
Income tax impact on items above (281) 37  (25) 340  (1) (244) (16)
Exchange fees on BOLI transfers (3)
(120) —  —  —  —  (120) — 
Income tax expense on BOLI surrender (4)
—  (166) —  —  —  (166) — 
Adjusted net income (A) $ 4,096  $ 4,254  $ 3,904  $ 4,559  $ 3,476  $ 8,350  $ 6,553 
Noninterest expenses $ 13,745  $ 13,299  $ 13,330  $ 13,228  $ 12,895  $ 27,044  $ 25,571 
Amortization of acquisition intangibles —  — 
Non-GAAP expense adjustment 220  121  23  —  —  341  — 
Adjusted noninterest expense (B) $ 13,525  $ 13,177  $ 13,306  $ 13,228  $ 12,894  $ 27,043  $ 25,570 
Net interest income $ 15,129  $ 14,525  $ 14,555  $ 14,488  $ 13,550  $ 29,654  $ 26,792 
Tax equivalent adjustment for net interest margin 178  184  213  232  237  362  483 
Net interest income (FTE) (C) 15,307  14,709  14,768  14,720  13,787  30,016  27,275 
Noninterest income 3,686  3,528  3,972  3,528  3,608  7,214  7,076 
Tax equivalent adjustment for efficiency ratio 63  78  54  53  53  141  104 
Adjusted revenue (FTE) 19,056  18,315  18,794  18,301  17,448  37,371  34,455 
Non-GAAP revenue (loss) adjustment (120) (55) 74  (175) 75 
Adjusted revenue (D) $ 19,176  $ 18,370  $ 18,720  $ 18,297  $ 17,442  $ 37,546  $ 34,380 
Efficiency ratio (B/D) 70.53  % 71.73  % 71.08  % 72.30  % 73.93  % 71.12  % 74.37  %
Average earning assets (E) 1,949,129  1,943,633  1,963,986  1,967,552  1,948,173  1,946,396  1,945,965 
Net yield on interest earning assets (FTE) (C/E) 3.14  % 3.06  % 2.98  % 2.96  % 2.82  % 3.10  % 2.81  %
55

Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30
2025
March 31
2025
December 31
2024
September 30
2024
June 30
2024
June 30
2025
June 30
2024
Average assets (F) 2,092,687  2,085,537  2,094,569  2,095,200  2,067,211  2,089,129  2,066,987 
Average shareholders' equity (G) 219,542  214,212  212,912  208,444  200,734  216,893  202,094 
Average tangible shareholders' equity (H) 171,260  165,929  164,629  160,161  152.451  168,611  153,810 
Average diluted shares outstanding (5)
(I) 7,398,109  7,432,162  7,451,718  7,473,184  7,494,828  7,413,974  7,501,437 
Adjusted diluted earnings per share (A/I) $ 0.55  $ 0.57  $ 0.52  $ 0.61  $ 0.46  $ 1.13  $ 0.87 
Adjusted return on average assets (A/F) 0.79  % 0.83  % 0.74  % 0.87  % 0.68  % 0.81  % 0.32  %
Adjusted return on average shareholders' equity (A/G) 7.48  % 8.05  % 7.29  % 8.70  % 6.96  % 7.76  % 3.24  %
Adjusted return on average tangible shareholders' equity (A/H) 9.59  % 10.40  % 9.43  % 11.32  % 9.17  % 9.99  % 4.26  %
(1) Includes reversal of provision for credit losses in the first quarter of 2025 and provision for credit losses in the third quarter of 2024 related to overdrawn deposit accounts from a single customer.
(2) Included in Other professional services in the consolidated statements of income.
(3) Income tax expense on life to date earnings on BOLI policies surrendered.
(4) Included as a reduction to Earnings on BOLI in the consolidated statements of income.
(5) Whole shares.
56

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
The information presented in the section captioned “Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk” in Part I, Item 2, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” of this Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2025, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Based upon that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2025, were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
During the most recent fiscal quarter, no change occurred in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

57

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
We are not involved in any material legal proceedings. We are involved in ordinary, routine litigation incidental to our business; however, no such routine proceedings are expected to result in any material adverse effect on operations, earnings, financial condition, or cash flows.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
In evaluating an investment in any of our securities, investors should consider carefully, among other things, information under the heading “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Part I, Item 2, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” of this Form 10-Q and the risk factors previously disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Management believes there have been no material changes in the risk factors disclosed by the Corporation in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
During 2025, the Corporation identified and added the following risk factor. This factor should be considered when reviewing the risk factors previously disclosed by the Corporation under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
An active public trading market may not be sustained.
We completed our Nasdaq uplisting, and the Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on May 12, 2025. An active trading market for shares of our common stock may not be sustained. If an active trading market is not sustained, you may have difficulty selling your shares of our common stock at an attractive price, or at all. Consequently, you may not be able to sell your shares of our common stock at or above an attractive price at the time that you would like to sell.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
(A)None
(B)None
(C)Repurchases of Common Stock
We have adopted and publicly announced a common stock repurchase program. The repurchase program was last amended on April 30, 2025, to allow for the repurchase of an additional 500,000 shares of common stock after that date. These authorizations do not have expiration dates. As common shares are repurchased under this repurchase program, they are retired with the status of authorized, but unissued, shares.
The following table provides information for the three-month period ended June 30, 2025, with respect to the Corporation's share repurchase activity:
  Common Shares Repurchased Total Number of Common Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan or Program Maximum Number of Common Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Number Average Price
Per Common Share
March 31, 2025 72,647 
April 1 - 30 34,199  $ 23.54  34,199  38,448 
Additional Authorization (500,000 shares) —  —  —  538,448 
May 1 - 31 11,240  27.40  11,240  527,208 
June 1 -30 12,385  $ 31.65  12,385  514,823 
June 30, 2025 57,824  $ 26.03  57,824  514,823 
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
58

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
Securities Trading Plans of Executive Officers
During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025, none of the Corporation’s directors or officers adopted, modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” in each case as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
59

Item 6. Exhibits.
(a) Exhibits
Exhibit Number Exhibits
3.1
Amended Articles of Incorporation (1)
3.2
Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation (2)
3.3
Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation (3)
101.1** 101.INS (Inline XBRL Instance Document)
101.SCH (Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document)
101.CAL (Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document)
101.LAB (Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document)
101.DEF (Inline XBRL Taxonomy Linkbase Document)
101.PRE (Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document)
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File
* Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement.
**
In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulations S-T, the XBRL related information shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be part of any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
(1) Previously filed as an Exhibit to the Isabella Bank Corporation Form 10-K, filed March 12, 1991, and incorporated herein by reference
(2) Previously filed as an Exhibit to the Isabella Bank Corporation Form 10-K, filed March 26, 1994, and incorporated herein by reference.
(3) Previously filed as an Exhibit to Isabella Bank Corporation Form 10-K, filed March 22, 2000, and incorporated herein by reference.
(4) Previously filed as an Exhibit to Isabella Bank Corporation Form 10-K, filed March 27, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference.
(5) Previously filed as an Exhibit to Isabella Bank Corporation Form 10-K, filed March 16, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
(6) Previously filed as an Exhibit to Isabella Bank Corporation Form 8-K, filed November 22, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.
(7) Previously filed as an Exhibit to Isabella Bank Corporation Form 8-K, filed May 16, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
(8) Previously filed as an Exhibit to Isabella Bank Corporation Form 8-K, filed August 28, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
(9) Previously filed as an Exhibit to Isabella Bank Corporation Form 8-K, filed December 23, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
(10) Previously filed as an Exhibit to Isabella Bank Corporation Form 8-K, filed April 7, 2025, and incorporated herein by reference.
60

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Isabella Bank Corporation
Date: August 11, 2025 /s/ Jerome E. Schwind
Jerome E. Schwind
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: August 11, 2025 /s/ William M. Schaefer
William M. Schaefer
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
61
EX-31.1 2 isba_20250630xqxex311.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1
I, Jerome E. Schwind, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Isabella Bank Corporation (the “registrant”).
2.Based on my knowledge, this Quarterly Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Quarterly Report.
3.Based on my knowledge, the consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Quarterly Report.
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Quarterly Report is being prepared;
b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors:
a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: August 11, 2025   /s/ Jerome E. Schwind
    President and Chief Executive Officer
    (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2 3 isba_20250630xqxex312.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2
I, William M. Schaefer, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Isabella Bank Corporation (the “registrant”).
2.Based on my knowledge, this Quarterly Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Quarterly Report.
3.Based on my knowledge, the consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Quarterly Report.
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Quarterly Report is being prepared;
b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors:
a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: August 11, 2025   /s/ William M. Schaefer
    Chief Financial Officer
    (Principal Financial Officer)


EX-32 4 isba_20250630xqxex32.htm EX-32 Document

Exhibit 32
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Isabella Bank Corporation (the “Corporation”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Jerome E. Schwind, President and Chief Executive Officer and William M. Schaefer, Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation.
/s/ Jerome E. Schwind
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
August 11, 2025
/s/ William M. Schaefer
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
August 11, 2025