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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-34292

ORRSTOWN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Pennsylvania

23-2530374

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

77 East King Street

P. O. Box 250

Shippensburg

Pennsylvania

17257

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code:

(717)

532-6114

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, no par value

ORRF

Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

☒

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act.). Yes ☐ No x

Number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock as of August 3, 2023: 10,611,425.

Table of Contents

ORRSTOWN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.

INDEX


		Page
Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

	Glossary	3

Item 1.	Financial Statements	4

	Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	4

	Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)	5

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)	7

	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)	8

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	10

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	12

Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	51

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	79

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	80

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	82

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	82

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	82

Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities	82

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	82

Item 5.	Other Information	82

Item 6.	Exhibits	83

SIGNATURES		84

Table of Contents

Glossary of Defined Terms

The following terms may be used throughout this Report, including the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.


Term			Definition

ACL			Allowance for credit losses
ALL			Allowance for loan losses
AFS			Available-for-sale
AOCI			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
ASC			Accounting Standards Codification
ASU			Accounting Standards Update
Bank			Orrstown Bank, the commercial banking subsidiary of Orrstown Financial Services, Inc.
CDI			Core deposit intangible
CECL			Current expected credit losses

CMO			Collateralized mortgage obligation


EITC			Educational Improvement Tax Credit Program

ERM			Enterprise Risk Management
Exchange Act			Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASB			Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC			Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDM			Financial difficulty modification
FHLB			Federal Home Loan Bank
FRB			Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
GAAP			Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
GDP			Gross Domestic Deposit
GSE			U.S. government-sponsored enterprise

IEL			Individually evaluated loan
IRC			Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
LHFS			Loans held for sale
LIBOR			London Interbank Offered Rate
MBS			Mortgage-backed securities

MSR			Mortgage servicing right

OCI			Other comprehensive income

OREO			Other real estate owned

OTTI			Other-than-temporary impairment

2011 Plan			2011 Orrstown Financial Services, Inc. Incentive Stock Plan
PCD loans			Purchased credit deteriorated loans
PCI loans			Purchased credit impaired loans
PACE			Property Assessed Clean Energy loans
PPP			Paycheck Protection Program


ReRemic			Re-securitization of Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits
ROU			Right of use (leases)
SBA			U.S. Small Business Administration
SEC			Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities Act			Securities Act of 1933, as amended
SOFR			Secured Overnight Financing Rate
TDR			Troubled debt restructuring
Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Orrstown,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Company” refer to Orrstown Financial Services, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

ORRSTOWN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.


(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	31,855	$	28,477
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	44,463		32,346

Cash and cash equivalents	76,318		60,823
Restricted investments in bank stocks	12,602		10,642
Securities available for sale (amortized cost of $552,224 and $563,278 at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	508,612		513,728
Loans held for sale, at fair value	6,450		10,880
Loans	2,234,417		2,151,232
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(28,383)		(25,178)
Net loans	2,206,034		2,126,054
Premises and equipment, net	29,629		29,328
Cash surrender value of life insurance	72,309		71,760
Goodwill	18,724		18,724
Other intangible assets, net	2,589		3,078
Accrued interest receivable	11,773		11,027
Deferred tax assets, net	22,093		24,031
Other assets	41,064		42,333
Total assets	$	3,008,197	$	2,922,408
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	465,938	$	494,131
Interest-bearing	2,056,923		1,950,807
Deposits held for assumption in connection with sale of bank branch	—		31,307
Total deposits	2,522,861		2,476,246
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased	15,502		17,251
FHLB advances and other borrowings	136,727		106,139
Subordinated notes	32,059		32,026
Other liabilities	55,407		61,850
Total liabilities	2,762,556		2,693,512

Commitments and contingencies

Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $1.25 par value per share; 500,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock, no par value—$0.05205 stated value per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 11,208,080 shares issued and 10,611,425 outstanding at June 30, 2023; 11,229,242 shares issued and 10,671,413 outstanding at December 31, 2022	583		584
Additional paid - in capital	187,859		189,264
Retained earnings	105,239		92,473
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(34,196)		(39,913)
Treasury stock—596,655 and 557,829 shares, at cost at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	(13,844)		(13,512)
Total shareholders’ equity	245,641		228,896
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	3,008,197	$	2,922,408

The Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

ORRSTOWN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Interest income
Loans	$	31,203	$	22,027	$	59,947	$	43,396
Investment securities - taxable	4,415		1,957		8,785		3,555
Investment securities - tax-exempt	865		1,131		1,730		1,853
Short-term investments	418		235		716		336
Total interest income	36,901		25,350		71,178		49,140
Interest expense
Deposits	8,608		701		14,810		1,386
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased	28		7		53		14
FHLB advances and other borrowings	1,386		21		2,638		43
Subordinated notes	504		503		1,008		1,006
Total interest expense	10,526		1,232		18,509		2,449
Net interest income	26,375		24,118		52,669		46,691
Provision for credit losses	399		1,775		1,128		2,075
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	25,976		22,343		51,541		44,616
Noninterest income
Service charges on deposit accounts	984		964		1,946		1,884
Interchange income	993		1,064		1,958		2,045
Other service charges, commissions and fees	267		230		462		383
Swap fee income	196		785		196		1,738
Trust and investment management income	1,927		1,905		3,815		3,846
Brokerage income	895		989		1,754		1,917
Mortgage banking activities	112		498		590		1,219

Income from life insurance	645		593		1,235		1,159
Investment securities losses	(2)		(3)		(10)		(149)
Other income	1,141		169		1,290		626
Total noninterest income	7,158		7,194		13,236		14,668
Noninterest expenses
Salaries and employee benefits	13,054		11,312		25,250		22,649
Occupancy	1,054		1,132		2,160		2,420
Furniture and equipment	1,212		1,291		2,439		2,570
Data processing	1,201		1,165		2,418		2,218

Automated teller and interchange fees	308		318		606		623
Advertising and bank promotions	919		881		1,324		1,236
FDIC insurance	519		190		1,023		473

Professional services	504		722		1,238		1,530
Directors' compensation	221		230		468		461


Taxes other than income	3		108		460		672
Intangible asset amortization	239		281		489		573




Other operating expenses	1,515		1,164		3,129		2,733
Total noninterest expenses	20,749		18,794		41,004		38,158
Income before income tax expense	12,385		10,743		23,773		21,126
Income tax expense	2,547		1,872		4,779		3,887
Net income	$	9,838	$	8,871	$	18,994	$	17,239

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	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Per share information:
Basic earnings per share	$	0.95	$	0.84	$	1.83	$	1.61
Diluted earnings per share	0.94		0.83		1.82		1.59
Dividends paid per share	0.20		0.19		0.40		0.38

The Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

ORRSTOWN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Net income	$	9,838	$	8,871	$	18,994	$	17,239
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale arising during the period	(2,836)		(18,603)		5,938		(42,959)
Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in net income	—		—		—		149
Net unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale	(2,836)		(18,603)		5,938		(42,810)
Tax effect	624		3,907		(1,306)		8,991
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax and reclassification adjustments on securities available for sale	(2,212)		(14,696)		4,632		(33,819)
Unrealized gains on interest rate swaps used in cash flow hedges	1,073		—		1,392		—
Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in net income	—		—		—		—
Net unrealized gains on interest rate swaps used in cash flow hedges	1,073		—		1,392		—
Tax effect	(232)		—		(306)		—
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax and reclassification adjustments on interest rate swaps used in cash flow hedges	841		—		1,086		—
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax and reclassification adjustments	(1,371)		(14,696)		5,717		(33,819)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	8,467	$	(5,825)	$	24,711	$	(16,580)

The Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

ORRSTOWN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Treasury Stock		Total Shareholders’ Equity









Balance, April 1, 2023	$	584	$	187,572	$	97,519	$	(32,825)	$	(12,689)	$	240,161
Net income	—		—		9,838		—		—		9,838

Total other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	—		—		—		(1,371)		—		(1,371)
Cash dividends ($0.20 per share)	—		—		(2,118)		—		—		(2,118)

Share-based compensation plans:
14,652 net common shares acquired and 65,830 net treasury shares acquired, including compensation expense totaling $535	(1)		287		—		—		(1,155)		(869)

Balance, June 30, 2023	$	583	$	187,859	$	105,239	$	(34,196)	$	(13,844)	$	245,641




















	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Treasury Stock		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2023	$	584	$	189,264	$	92,473	$	(39,913)	$	(13,512)	$	228,896
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle - CECL (Note 3)	—		—		(1,984)		—		—		(1,984)
Net income	—		—		18,994		—		—		18,994

Total other comprehensive income, net of taxes	—		—		—		5,717		—		5,717
Cash dividends ($0.40 per share)	—		—		(4,244)		—		—		(4,244)

Share-based compensation plans:
21,162 net common shares acquired and 38,826 net treasury shares acquired, including compensation expense totaling $1,154	(1)		(1,405)		—		—		(332)		(1,738)

Balance, June 30, 2023	$	583	$	187,859	$	105,239	$	(34,196)	$	(13,844)	$	245,641

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	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Treasury Stock		Total Shareholders’ Equity






















Balance, April 1, 2022	$	585	$	188,033	$	84,943	$	(14,674)	$	(4,083)	$	254,804
Net income	—		—		8,871		—		—		8,871

Total other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	—		—		—		(14,696)		—		(14,696)
Cash dividends ($0.19 per share)	—		—		(2,091)		—		—		(2,091)

Share-based compensation plans:
10,987 net common shares acquired and 392,324 net treasury shares acquired, including compensation expense totaling $529	—		145		—		—		(9,506)		(9,361)

Balance, June 30, 2022	$	585	$	188,178	$	91,723	$	(29,370)	$	(13,589)	$	237,527




















	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2022	$	586	$	189,689	$	78,700	$	4,449	$	(1,768)	$	271,656
Net income	—		—		17,239		—		—		17,239

Total other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	—		—		—		(33,819)		—		(33,819)
Cash dividends ($0.38 per share)	—		—		(4,216)		—		—		(4,216)

Share-based compensation plans:
21,609 net common shares acquired and 485,762 net treasury shares acquired, including compensation expense totaling $867	(1)		(1,511)		—		—		(11,821)		(13,333)

Balance, June 30, 2022	$	585	$	188,178	$	91,723	$	(29,370)	$	(13,589)	$	237,527

The Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

ORRSTOWN FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.


	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	18,994	$	17,239
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net premium amortization	978		542
Depreciation and amortization expense	2,114		2,374

Provision for credit losses	1,128		2,075
Share-based compensation	1,154		867
Gains on sales of loans originated for sale	(118)		(817)
Fair value adjustments on loans held for sale	(187)		685
Mortgage loans originated for sale	(9,829)		(56,420)
Proceeds from sales of loans originated for sale	14,564		55,219
Gains on sale of portfolio loans	—		(306)
Net gain on sale of OREO and premises held for sale	(301)		—

Net loss on disposal of premises and equipment	226		15
Deferred income tax benefit	886		1,517
Investment securities losses	10		149


Return on investments in limited partnerships	(12)		—
Net unrealized losses (gains) on derivatives	199		(624)

Income from life insurance	(1,235)		(1,159)
Premium on branch sale	(1,166)		—
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable and other assets	2,816		(1,689)
(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable and other liabilities	(8,900)		4,322
Other, net	335		1,302
Net cash provided by operating activities	21,656		25,291
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from sales of AFS securities	—		3,075
Maturities, repayments and calls of AFS securities	19,182		33,480
Purchases of AFS securities	(9,532)		(121,487)

Net (purchases) redemptions of restricted investments in bank stocks	(1,960)		752
Net distributions from investments in limited partnerships	321		1,146
Net increase in loans	(83,157)		(39,208)
Proceeds from sales of portfolio loans	—		4,443
Investment in limited partnerships	(1,037)		—
Purchases of bank premises and equipment	(1,505)		(472)

Proceeds from disposal of OREO and premises held for sale	1,662		—
Proceeds from disposal of premises and equipment	43		—
Net cash paid in branch sale	(17,656)		—


Death benefit proceeds from life insurance contracts	342		142

Net cash used in investing activities	(93,297)		(118,129)
continued

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	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase in deposits	65,432		13,681
Net (decrease) increase in borrowings with original maturities less than 90 days	(10,933)		986
Proceeds from FHLB advances with original maturities greater than 90 days	40,000		—
Payments on FHLB advances with original maturities greater than 90 days	(228)		(218)






Dividends paid	(4,244)		(4,216)

Acquisition of treasury stock	(2,579)		(14,056)
Shares repurchased as treasury stock for employee taxes associated with restricted stock vesting	(378)		(232)
Proceeds from issuance of employee stock purchase plan shares	66		89

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	87,136		(3,966)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	15,495		(96,804)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	60,823		208,710
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	76,318	$	111,906



	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	17,934	$	2,400
Income taxes	1,950		1,725
Supplemental schedule of noncash activities:
Loans transferred from LHFS to portfolio loans	—		1,510
OREO acquired in settlement of loans	85		—

Lease liabilities arising from obtaining ROU assets	2,416		—

The Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(All dollar amounts presented in the tables, except per share amounts, are in thousands)

NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

See the Glossary of Defined Terms at the beginning of this Report for terms used throughout the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes of this Form 10-Q.

Nature of Operations – Orrstown Financial Services, Inc. is a financial holding company that operates Orrstown Bank, a commercial bank providing banking and financial advisory services in Berks, Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Lancaster, Perry and York Counties, Pennsylvania, and in Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Howard and Washington Counties, Maryland. The Company operates in the community banking segment and engages in lending activities, including commercial, residential, commercial mortgages, construction, municipal, and various forms of consumer lending, and deposit services, including checking, savings, time, and money market deposits. The Company’s lending area also includes adjacent counties in Pennsylvania and Maryland, as well as Loudon County, Virginia and Berkeley, Jefferson and Morgan Counties, West Virginia. The Company also provides fiduciary services, investment advisory, insurance and brokerage services. The Company and the Bank are subject to regulation by certain federal and state agencies and undergo periodic examinations by such regulatory authorities.

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Orrstown Financial Services, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, the Bank. The Company has prepared these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information, SEC rules that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods, and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (all of which are of a normal recurring nature) that are necessary for a fair statement are reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. There have been no material changes to the Company's significant accounting policies for the six months ended June 30, 2023, except for the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces our ALL policy under the incurred loss model, and adoption of ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which replaces our TDR accounting model policy, which are both discussed below in Recently Adopted Accounting Standards. The December 31, 2022 consolidated balance sheet information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was derived from the Company's 2022 audited consolidated financial statements. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period amounts to conform with current period classifications. These reclassifications did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial condition, results of operations or statement of consolidated cash flows.

The Company's management has evaluated all activity of the Company and concluded that subsequent events are properly reflected in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes as required by GAAP.

To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ.

Derivatives - FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), provides the disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how the entity accounts for derivative instruments and related hedged items, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Further, qualitative disclosures are required that explain the Company’s objectives and strategies for using derivatives, as well as quantitative disclosures about the fair value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments.

As required by ASC 815, the Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges.

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Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge.

The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting. The Company's objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of fixed or variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable-rate or fixed rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

Changes to the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges are recorded in AOCI and are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. The Company discontinues cash flow hedge accounting if it is probable the forecasted hedged transactions will not occur in the initially identified time period due to circumstances. Upon discontinuance, the associated gains and losses deferred in AOCI are reclassified immediately into earnings and subsequent changes in the fair value of the cash flow hedge are recognized in earnings. At June 30, 2023, the Company had three interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments with a total notional value of $175.0 million compared to two interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments with a total notional value of $100.0 million at December 31, 2022.

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Company provides to certain customers. The Company executes interest rate swaps and interest rate caps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps and interest rate caps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting derivatives that the Company executes with a third party, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had interest rate swaps not designated as hedges with a total notional value of $280.4 million and $268.8 million, respectively.

The Company also may enter into risk participation agreements with a financial institution counterparty for an interest rate derivative contract related to a loan in which the Company may be a participant or the agent bank. The risk participation agreement provides credit protection to the agent bank should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contracts with the agent bank. The Company manages its credit risk on risk participation agreements by monitoring the creditworthiness of the borrower, which follows the same credit review process as derivative instruments entered into directly with the borrower. The notional amount of a risk participation agreement reflects the Company's pro-rata share of the derivative instrument, consistent with its share of the related participated loan. Changes in the fair value of the risk participation agreement are recognized directly into earnings. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had a risk participation with sold protection with a notional value of $32.3 million and $29.0 million, respectively, and a risk participation with purchased protection with a notional value of $4.9 million at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

As a part of its normal residential mortgage operations, the Company will enter into an interest rate lock commitment with a potential borrower. The Company may enter into a corresponding commitment with an investor to sell that loan at a specific price shortly after origination. In accordance with FASB ASC 820, adjustments are recorded through earnings to account for the net change in fair value of these held for sale loans. The fair value of held for sale loans can vary based on the interest rate locked with the customer and the current market interest rate at the balance sheet date. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had interest rate lock commitments with a notional value of $2.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively, and forward sale loan commitments with a notional value of $270 thousand and $3.5 million, respectively.

Leases - The Company evaluates its contracts at inception to determine if an arrangement either is a lease or contains one. Operating lease ROU assets are included in other assets and operating lease liabilities in accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company had no finance leases at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, so the Company's incremental borrowing rate is used, which approximates its fully collateralized borrowing rate, based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is reevaluated upon lease modification.

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The operating lease ROU asset also includes any initial direct costs and prepaid lease payments made less any lease incentives. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company may include options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option.

In accordance with ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), the Company excludes leases with an initial term of 12 months or less from the balance sheet. The Company recognizes these lease payments in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components and has elected the practical expedient to account for them as a single lease component.

The Company's operating leases relate primarily to bank branches and office space. The difference between the lease asset and lease liabilities primarily consists of deferred rent liabilities reclassified upon adoption to reduce the measurement of the lease assets. The standard does not materially impact the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Allowance for Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, the current expected credit losses accounting standard commonly referred to as "CECL," which replaces the incurred loss model with the lifetime expected loss model. The CECL methodology requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses over the contractual term for financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity securities, held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The CECL methodology also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (e.g., loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees and other similar instruments), net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with ASC Topic 842 on leases and AFS debt securities.

To implement the new standard, the Company established a cross-discipline governance structure, which included a dedicated working group and a CECL Committee consisting of members from different functions including Finance, Credit, Risk and Lending, who provided implementation oversight and reviewed policy elections, key assumptions, processes, and model results. The working group was responsible for the implementation process that included developing the loan segmentation, data sourcing and validation, loss driver inputs, qualitative factors, parallel model runs, scenario testing and back testing.

The Company utilized a third-party vendor to assist in the implementation process of its new model to calculate credit losses over the estimated life of the applicable financial assets. The Company elected to use the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology for the quantitative analysis for the majority of its loan segments, which applies the probability of default and loss given default factors to future cash flows, and then adjusts to the net present value to derive the required reserve. Reasonable and supportable macroeconomic conditions include unemployment and GDP. Model assumptions include the discount rate, prepayments and curtailments. The development and validation of credit models also included determining the length of the reasonable and supportable forecast and regression period and utilizing national peer group historical loss rates. For the consumer loan segments, the remaining life methodology was selected as a practical expedient and based on the risk characteristics. The implementation also included review of model runs and certain assumptions, documentation of policies, procedures and controls, and engagement of another third-party consultant for model validation.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The adoption of the new CECL standard resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment that increased the ACL for loans by $2.4 million and increased the off-balance sheet credit exposures reserve by $100 thousand. Retained earnings, net of deferred taxes, decreased by $2.0 million, and deferred tax assets increased by $559 thousand. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASU 2016-13 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with the incurred loss model under the previously applicable GAAP.

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The following table illustrates the impact of the adoption of CECL, and the transition away from the incurred loss method, on January 1, 2023. The impact to the ACL is presented at the loan segment level:


	January 1, 2023
	Reserves under Incurred Loss Model		Reserves under CECL Model		Impact of CECL Adoption
Financial Assets:
Commercial loans:
Commercial real estate	$	13,558	$	16,415	$	2,857
Acquisition and development	3,214		3,000		(214)
Commercial and industrial	4,505		5,433		928
Municipal	24		193		169
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgage	3,444		2,323		(1,121)
Installment and other	188		237		49
Unallocated reserve	245		—		(245)
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$	25,178	$	27,601	$	2,423
Liabilities:
Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures	$	1,633	$	1,733	$	100

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The allowance for credit losses represents the amount that, in management's judgment, appropriately reflects credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the ACL on loans, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL on loans when received. Changes to the ACL are recorded through the provision for credit losses on loans in the consolidated statement of income.

The ACL is maintained at a level considered appropriate to absorb credit losses over the expected life of the loan. The ACL for expected credit losses is determined based on a quantitative assessment of two categories of loans: collectively evaluated loans and individually evaluated loans. In addition, the ACL also includes a qualitative component which adjusts the CECL model results for risk factors that are not considered within the CECL model, but are relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the loan classes.

The ACL on loans is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist within the Company's loan segments between commercial and consumer. For purposes of estimating the Company’s ACL, management generally evaluates collectively evaluated loans by federal call code in order to group loans with similar risk characteristics. Each of these loan segments are broken down into multiple loan classes, which are characterized by loan type, collateral type, risk attributions and the manner in which management monitors the performance of the borrower. The risks associated with lending activities differ and are subject to the impact of change in interest rates, market conditions and the impact on the collateral securing the loans, and general economic conditions. The commercial loan segment includes commercial real estate, acquisition and development, commercial and industrial and municipal loan classes. The consumer loan segment includes residential mortgage, installment and other consumer loans.

Loans collectively evaluated includes loans on accrual status, except for loans previously restructured that do not share similar risk characteristics which are individually evaluated. The ACL for loans collectively evaluated is measured using a lifetime expected loss rate model that considers historical loss performance and past events in addition to forecasts of future economic conditions. The Company elected to use the DCF methodology for the quantitative analysis for the majority of its loan segments, which applies the probability of default, using a loss driver model and loss given default factors to future cash flows, and then adjusts to the net present value to derive the required reserve. The probability of default estimates are derived through the application of reasonable and supportable economic forecasts to the regression models, which incorporates the Company's and peer loss-rate data, unemployment rate and GDP. The reasonable and supportable forecasts of the selected economic metrics are then input into the regression model to calculate an expected default rate. The expected default rates are then applied to expected loan balances estimated through the consideration of contractual repayment terms and expected prepayments. The prepayment and curtailment assumptions adjust the contractual terms of the loan to arrive at the expected cash flows. The development and validation of credit models also included determining the length of the reasonable and supportable forecast and regression period and utilizing national peer group historical loss rates.

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Management selected the national unemployment rate and GDP as the drivers of the quantitative portion of collectively evaluated reserves on loan classes reliant upon the DCF methodology, primarily as a result of high correlation coefficients identified in regression modeling. For the consumer loan segment, the quantitative reserve was calculated using the remaining life methodology where the average historical bank-specific and peer loss rates are applied to expected loan balances over an estimated remaining life of loans. The estimated remaining life is calculated using historical bank-specific loan attrition data.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis, and are excluded from the collective evaluation for the ACL. Loans identified to be individually evaluated under CECL include loans on nonaccrual status and may include accruing loans that do not share similar risk characteristics to other accruing loans collectively evaluated. A specific reserve analysis is applied to the individually evaluated loans, which considers collateral value, an observable market price or the present value of expected future cash flows. A specific reserve may be assigned if the measured value of the loan using one of the before mentioned methods is less than the current carrying value of the loans.

A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the Company determines foreclosure is probable or the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Collateral could be in the form of real estate, equipment or business assets. An ACL may result for a collateral-dependent loan if the fair value of the underlying collateral, as of the reporting date, adjusted for expected costs to repair or sell, was less than the amortized cost basis of the loan. If repayment of the loan is instead dependent only on the operation, rather than the sale of the collateral, the measure of the ACL does not incorporate estimated costs to sell. For loans analyzed on the basis of projected future principal and interest cash flows, the Company will discount the expected cash flows at the effective interest rate of the loan, and an ACL would result if the present value of expected cash flows was less than the amortized cost basis of the loan.

Based on management's analysis, adjustments may be applied for additional factors impacting the risk of loss in the loan portfolio beyond the quantitatively calculated reserve on collectively evaluated loans. As the quantitative reserve calculation incorporates historical conditions, management may consider an additional or reduced reserve is warranted through qualitative risk factors based on current and expected conditions. These qualitative risk factors considered by management are comparable to legacy factors prior to the adoption of CECL and include significant or unexpected changes in:

•Lending policies, procedures, underwriting standards and recovery practices;

•Nature and volume of loans;

•Concentrations of credit;

•Collateral valuation trends;

•Delinquency and classified loan trends;

•Experience, ability and depth of management and lending staff;

•Quality of loan review system; and

•Economic conditions and other external factors.

For PCD loans, the nonaccrual status is determined in the same manner as for other loans. Prior to the adoption of CECL, these PCD loans were classified as PCI loans and accounted for under ASC Subtopic 310-30, Receivables – Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality ("ASC 310-30"). In accordance with the CECL standard, management did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the adoption date. As permitted by CECL, the Company elected to account for its PCD loans under ASC 310-20, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Assets ("ASC 310-20"). These loans are initially recorded at fair value, and include credit and interest rate marks associated with acquisition accounting adjustments. Purchase premiums or discounts are subsequently amortized as an adjustment to yield over the estimated contractual lives of the loans. Under ASC 310-20, the acquired loans are analyzed on an individual asset level, and no longer maintained in pools and accounted for as units of accounts, which would permit treating each pool as a single asset. The impact of this election resulted in loans reported as nonaccrual and individually evaluated for credit expected losses under the CECL methodology.

For off-balance sheet credit exposures, the Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk from the contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures includes consideration of the utilization rates expected on the loan commitments, and estimates the expected credit losses for the undrawn commitments by the loan segments.

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The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and is adjusted through the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”). ASU 2022-02 eliminates the TDR accounting model, and requires that the Company evaluate, based on the accounting for loan modifications, whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the modification results in a more-than-insignificant direct change in the contractual cash flows and represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan, which the Company refers to these loans as "financial difficulty modifications" or "FDMs." This change required all loan modifications to be accounted for under the general loan modification guidance in ASC 310-20, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs, and subject entities to new disclosure requirements on loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Upon adoption of CECL, the TDRs were evaluated and included in the CECL loan segment pools if the loans shared similar risk characteristics to other loans in the pool or remained with loans individually evaluated for which the ACL was measured using the collateral-dependent or discounted cash flow method. On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on a modified retrospective basis, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

A comprehensive analysis of the ACL is performed by the Company on a quarterly basis. Management evaluates the adequacy of the ACL utilizing a defined methodology to determine if it properly addresses the current and expected risks in the loan portfolio, which considers the performance of borrowers and specific evaluation of individually evaluated loans including historical loss experiences, trends in delinquencies, nonperforming loans and other risk assets, and the qualitative factors. Risk factors are continuously reviewed and adjusted, as needed, by management when conditions support a change. Management believes its approach properly addresses relevant accounting and bank regulatory guidance for loans both collectively and individually evaluated. The results of the comprehensive analysis, including recommended changes, are governed by the Company's Reserve Adequacy Committee, whose members were also a part of the Company's CECL Committee.

See Note 3, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under Part I, Item 1, "Financial Information," for a description of the Company’s loan classes and differing levels of associated credit risk.

Allowance for Credit Losses on AFS Securities

Prior to implementation of CECL, unrealized losses on AFS debt securities caused by a credit event would require the direct write-down of the AFS security through the other-than-temporary impairment approach; however, the new standard requires credit losses to be presented as an ACL. The Company is still required to conduct an impairment evaluation on AFS securities to determine whether the Company has the intent to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery. If these situations apply, the guidance continues to require the Company to reduce the security's amortized cost basis down to its fair value through earnings. The Company also evaluates the unrealized losses on AFS securities to determine if a security's decline in fair value below its amortized cost basis is due to credit factors. The evaluation is based upon factors such as the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, performance of the underlying collateral, if applicable, and the level of credit support in the security structure. Management also evaluates other factors and circumstances that may be indicative of a decline in the fair value of the security due to a credit factor. This includes, but is not limited to, an evaluation of the type of security, length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost and near-term prospects of the issuer. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of the expected cash flows of the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. Under the CECL standard, if the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost, an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, which is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any additional amount of loss would be due to non-credit factors and is recorded in AOCI, net of taxes. If a credit loss is recognized in earnings, subsequent improvements to the expectation of collectability will be recognized through the ACL. If the fair value of the security increases above its amortized cost, the unrealized gain will be recorded in AOCI, net of taxes, on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Accrued interest receivable on AFS securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. The Company did not record a cumulative-effect adjustment related to its AFS securities upon adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023.

See Note 2, Investment Securities, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under Part I, Item 1, "Financial Information," for a description of the Company’s investment securities and impairment evaluation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting ("ASU 2020-04"). ASU 2020-04 contains optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The optional expedients apply consistently to all contracts or transactions within the scope of this topic, while the optional expedients for hedging relationships can be elected on an individual basis.

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In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. This update defers the sunset date for applying the reference rate relief by two years to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in Topic 848. In 2021, the administrator of LIBOR delayed the intended cessation date of certain tenors of LIBOR to June 30, 2023. After June 30, 2023, the publication of the one-month, three-month and twelve-month tenors of LIBOR will cease.

The Company has a cross-functional working group leading the transition from LIBOR to the adoption of an alternate index. This group has identified the loans and financial instruments indexed to LIBOR, verified proper transition language existed in the contracts and executed contractual updates, as needed, with the impacted borrowers. The Company replaced LIBOR, in most cases with the 30-Day Average SOFR or Term SOFR, in its loan agreements and will utilize Fallback Rate SOFR, where prescribed. The Company does not expect a significant impact on its financial statements.

NOTE 2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all investment securities were classified as AFS. The following table summarizes amortized cost, fair value and ACL of investment securities, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in AOCI, and the allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
June 30, 2023
U.S. Treasury securities	$	20,064	$	—	$	2,691	$	—	$	17,373
U.S. Government Agencies	4,395		192		—		—		4,587

States and political subdivisions	224,777		14		23,210		—		201,581
GSE residential MBSs	62,703		—		4,371		—		58,332
GSE commercial MBSs	5,201		438		—		—		5,639
GSE residential CMOs	72,363		—		7,028		—		65,335

Non-agency CMOs	44,537		269		4,453		—		40,353


Asset-backed	118,066		229		3,001		—		115,294
Other	118		—		—		—		118
Totals	$	552,224	$	1,142	$	44,754	$	—	$	508,612
December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasury securities	$	20,070	$	—	$	2,779	n/a		$	17,291
U.S. Government Agencies	4,907		228		—		n/a		5,135

States and political subdivisions	225,825		19		28,430		n/a		197,414
GSE residential MBSs	63,778		—		4,376		n/a		59,402

GSE residential CMOs	75,446		—		7,068		n/a		68,378

Non-agency CMOs	42,298		243		2,783		n/a		39,758


Asset-backed	130,577		—		4,604		n/a		125,973
Other	377		—		—		n/a		377
Totals	$	563,278	$	490	$	50,040	n/a		$	513,728

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The following table summarizes investment securities with unrealized losses, for which an ACL has not been recorded at June 30, 2023 and cumulative OTTI expense was not recognized at December 31, 2022, aggregated by major investment security type and the length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position.


	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
	# of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		# of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		# of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
June 30, 2023
U.S. Treasury securities	—	$	—	$	—	3	$	17,373	$	2,691	3	$	17,373	$	2,691

States and political subdivisions	13	27,350		1,224		33	172,505		21,986		46	199,855		23,210
GSE residential MBSs	—	—		—		15	58,332		4,371		15	58,332		4,371
GSE residential CMOs	4	10,430		362		13	54,905		6,666		17	65,335		7,028
Non-agency CMOs	3	11,795		764		3	13,100		3,689		6	24,895		4,453



Asset-backed	4	8,732		93		15	90,515		2,908		19	99,247		3,001
Totals	24	$	58,307	$	2,443	82	$	406,730	$	42,311	106	$	465,037	$	44,754
December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasury securities	—	$	—	$	—	3	$	17,291	$	2,779	3	$	17,291	$	2,779


States and political subdivisions	29	135,579		13,809		17	60,102		14,621		46	195,681		28,430
GSE residential MBSs	5	26,100		925		10	33,302		3,451		15	59,402		4,376
GSE residential CMOs	8	28,732		1,884		9	39,646		5,184		17	68,378		7,068
Non-agency CMOs	4	26,555		1,135		2	8,639		1,648		6	35,194		2,783



Asset-backed	17	78,873		2,432		5	47,100		2,172		22	125,973		4,604
Totals	63	$	295,839	$	20,185	46	$	206,080	$	29,855	109	$	501,919	$	50,040

The Company is required to conduct an impairment evaluation on AFS securities to determine whether the Company has the intent to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery. If these situations apply, the guidance requires the Company to reduce the security's amortized cost basis down to its fair value through earnings. The Company also evaluates the unrealized losses on AFS securities to determine if a security's decline in fair value below its amortized cost basis is due to credit factors. The evaluation is based upon factors such as the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, performance of the underlying collateral, if applicable, and the level of credit support in the security structure. Management also evaluates other factors and circumstances that may be indicative of a decline in the fair value of the security due to a credit factor. This includes, but is not limited to, an evaluation of the type of security, length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost and near-term prospects of the issuer. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of the expected cash flows of the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. Under the CECL standard, if the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost, an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, which is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any additional amount of loss would be due to non-credit factors and is recorded in AOCI, net of taxes. If a credit loss is recognized in earnings, subsequent improvements to the expectation of collectability will be recognized through the ACL. If the fair value of the security increases above its amortized cost, the unrealized gain will be recorded in AOCI, net of taxes, on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Prior to implementation of the CECL standard, unrealized losses caused by a credit event would require the direct write-down of the AFS security through the other-than-temporary impairment approach.

The Company did not record an ACL on the AFS securities at June 30, 2023 or upon implementation of CECL on January 1, 2023. As of both periods, the Company considers the unrealized losses on the AFS securities to be related to fluctuations in market conditions, primarily interest rates, and not reflective of deterioration in credit. In addition, the Company maintains that it has the intent and ability to hold these AFS securities until the amortized cost is recovered and it is more likely than not that any of AFS securities in an unrealized loss position would not be required to be sold. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, unrealized losses were higher than prior periods due to market uncertainty resulting from inflation and higher interest rates from the time of the security purchase.

U.S. Treasury Securities. The unrealized losses presented in the table above have been caused by an increase in rates from the time these securities were purchased. Management considers the full faith and credit of the U.S. government in determining whether declines in fair value are due to credit factors. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. In addition, the unrealized losses are not credit related. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023.

States and Political Subdivisions. The unrealized losses presented in the table above have been caused by a widening of spreads and/or a rise in interest rates from the time these securities were purchased. Management considers the investment rating, the state of the issuer of the security and other credit support in determining whether declines in fair value are due to credit factors.

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The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. In addition, the unrealized losses are not credit related. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023.

GSE Residential CMOs and GSE Residential MBS. The unrealized losses presented in the table above have been caused by a widening of spreads and a rise in interest rates from the time these securities were purchased. The contractual terms of these securities do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than its par value basis. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. In addition, the unrealized losses are not credit related. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023.

Non-Agency CMOs. The unrealized losses presented in the table above were caused by a widening of spreads and a rise in interest rates from the time the securities were purchased. Management considers the investment rating and other credit support in determining whether declines in fair value are due to credit factors. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. In addition, the unrealized losses are not credit related. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023.

Asset-backed. The unrealized losses presented in the table above were caused by a widening of spreads and a rise in the interest rates from the time the securities were purchased. Management considers the investment rating and other credit support in determining whether declines in fair value are due to credit factors. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. In addition, the unrealized losses are not credit related. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023.

The following table summarizes amortized cost and fair value of investment securities by contractual maturity at June 30, 2023. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.


	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	21,446		19,074
Due after five years through ten years	67,615		59,918
Due after ten years	160,293		144,667
CMOs and MBSs	184,804		169,659
Asset-backed	118,066		115,294
Totals	$	552,224	$	508,612

The following table summarizes proceeds from sales of investment securities and gross gains and gross losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Proceeds from sale of investment securities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,075
Gross gains	—		—		—		25
Gross losses	2		3		10		3

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded net investment security losses of $2 thousand and $10 thousand from mark-to-market losses on an equity security, respectively, compared to net losses of $3 thousand and net gains of $22 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not sell any investment securities compared to a partial sale of one security with a principal balance of $3.1 million that was sold for proceeds of $3.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 for a gross gain of $22 thousand. The Company recorded a loss of $171 thousand on a call of a non-agency CMO for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Investment securities with a fair value of $400.5 million and $396.8 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.

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NOTE 3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The Company’s loan portfolio is grouped into segments which are further broken down into classes to allow management to monitor the performance by the borrower and to monitor the yield on the portfolio. The risks associated with lending activities differ among the various loan classes and are subject to the impact of changes in interest rates, market conditions of collateral securing the loans, and general economic conditions. All of these factors may adversely impact both the borrower’s ability to repay its loans and the value of its associated collateral.

The Company has various types of commercial real estate loans, which have differing levels of credit risk. Owner occupied commercial real estate loans are generally dependent upon the successful operation of the borrower’s business, with the cash flows generated from the business being the primary source of repayment of the loan. If the business suffers a downturn in sales or profitability, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan could be in jeopardy.

Non-owner occupied and multi-family commercial real estate loans and non-owner occupied residential loans present a different credit risk to the Company than owner occupied commercial real estate loans, as the repayment of the loan is dependent upon the borrower’s ability to generate a sufficient level of occupancy to produce rental income that exceeds debt service requirements and operating expenses. Lower occupancy or lease rates may result in a reduction in cash flows, which hinders the ability of the borrower to meet debt service requirements, and may result in lower collateral values. The Company generally recognizes that greater risk is inherent in these credit relationships compared to owner occupied loans mentioned above.

Acquisition and development loans consist of 1-4 family residential construction and commercial and land development loans. The risk of loss on these loans is largely dependent on the Company’s ability to assess the property’s value at the completion of the project, which should exceed the property’s construction costs. During the construction phase, a number of factors could potentially negatively impact the collateral value, including cost overruns, delays in completing the project, competition, and real estate market conditions, which may change based on the supply of similar properties in the area. In the event the collateral value at the completion of the project is not sufficient to cover the outstanding loan balance, the Company must rely upon other repayment sources, if any, including the guarantors of the project or other collateral securing the loan.

Commercial and industrial loans include advances to local and regional businesses for general commercial purposes and include permanent and short-term working capital, machinery and equipment financing, and may be either in the form of lines of credit or term loans. Although commercial and industrial loans may be unsecured to our highest-rated borrowers, the majority of these loans are secured by the borrower’s accounts receivable, inventory and machinery and equipment. In a significant number of these loans, the collateral also includes the business real estate or the business owner’s personal real estate or assets. Commercial and industrial loans present credit exposure to the Company, as they are more susceptible to risk of loss during a downturn in the economy as borrowers may have greater difficulty in meeting their debt service requirements and the value of the collateral may decline. The Company's underwriting standards are developed to mitigate this risk. The underwriting process includes evaluating the creditworthiness of the borrower and, to the extent available, credit ratings on the business. Additionally, monitoring of the loans through annual renewals and meetings with the borrowers is typical. However, these procedures cannot eliminate the risk of loss associated with commercial and industrial lending. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, commercial and industrial loans include $7.2 million and $13.8 million, respectively, net of deferred fees and costs, originated through the SBA PPP. At June 30, 2023, the Bank has $115 thousand of net deferred SBA PPP fees remaining to be recognized through net interest income over the remaining life of the loans. The timing of the recognition of these fees is dependent upon the loan forgiveness process established by the SBA. As these loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA, there is no associated ACL at June 30, 2023.

Municipal loans consist of extensions of credit to municipalities and school districts within the Company’s market area. These loans generally present a lower risk than commercial and industrial loans, as they are generally secured by the municipality’s full taxing authority, by revenue obligations, or by its ability to raise assessments on its clients for a specific utility.

The Company originates loans to its retail clients, including fixed-rate and adjustable first lien mortgage loans, with the underlying 1-4 family owner occupied residential property securing the loan. The Company’s risk exposure is minimized in these types of loans through the evaluation of the creditworthiness of the borrower, including credit scores and debt-to-income ratios, and underwriting standards, which limit the loan-to-value ratio to generally no more than 80% upon loan origination, unless the borrower obtains private mortgage insurance.

Home equity loans, including term loans and lines of credit, present a slightly higher risk to the Company than 1-4 family first liens, as these loans can be first or second liens on 1-4 family owner occupied residential property, but can have loan-to-value ratios of no greater than 85% of the value of the real estate taken as collateral. The creditworthiness of the borrower is also considered, including credit scores and debt-to-income ratios.

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Installment and other loans’ credit risk is mitigated through prudent underwriting standards, including evaluation of the creditworthiness of the borrower through credit scores and debt-to-income ratios and, if secured, the collateral value of the assets. These loans can be unsecured or secured by assets the value of which may depreciate quickly or may fluctuate, and may present a greater risk to the Company than 1-4 family residential loans.

The Company adopted the new current expected credit loss accounting guidance, CECL, and all related amendments as of January 1, 2023. Certain credit quality disclosures related to impaired loans and individually and collectively evaluated loans were superseded with the current CECL guidance, which was adopted on January 1, 2023, and have not been included below as of June 30, 2023.

The following table presents the loan portfolio by segment and class, excluding residential LHFS, at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	$	366,439	$	315,770
Non-owner occupied	626,140		608,043
Multi-family	145,257		138,832
Non-owner occupied residential	105,504		104,604
Acquisition and development:
1-4 family residential construction	20,461		25,068
Commercial and land development	143,177		158,308
Commercial and industrial (1)	379,905		357,774
Municipal	10,638		12,173
Residential mortgage:
First lien	235,813		229,849
Home equity - term	5,228		5,505
Home equity - lines of credit	185,099		183,241
Installment and other loans	10,756		12,065
Total loans	$	2,234,417	$	2,151,232

(1) This balance includes $7.2 million and $13.8 million of SBA PPP loans, net of deferred fees and costs, at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

In order to monitor ongoing risk associated with its loan portfolio and specific loans within the segments, management uses an internal grading system. The first several rating categories, representing the lowest risk to the Bank, are combined and given a “Pass” rating. Management generally follows regulatory definitions in assigning criticized ratings to loans, including "Special Mention," "Substandard," "Doubtful" or "Loss." The Special Mention category includes loans that have potential weaknesses that may, if not monitored or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Bank's position at some future date. These assets pose elevated risk, but their weakness does not yet justify a more severe, or classified rating. Substandard loans are classified as they have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses that jeopardize liquidation of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Substandard loans include loans that management may determine to be either individually evaluated, referred to as "Substandard - Individually Evaluated Loan," or collectively evaluated, referred to as "Substandard Non-Individually Evaluated Loan." A Doubtful loan has a high probability of total or substantial loss, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the asset, its classification as Loss is deferred. Loss loans are considered uncollectible, as the borrowers are often in bankruptcy, have suspended debt repayments, or have ceased business operations. Once a loan is classified as Loss, there is little prospect of collecting the loan’s principal or interest and it is charged-off.

The Company has a loan review policy and program, which is designed to identify and monitor risk in the lending function. The Management ERM Committee, comprised of executive officers, senior officers and loan department personnel, is charged with the oversight of overall credit quality and risk exposure of the Company's loan portfolio. This includes the monitoring of the lending activities of all Company personnel with respect to underwriting and processing new loans and the timely follow-up and corrective action for loans showing signs of deterioration in quality. A loan review program provides the Company with an independent review of the commercial loan portfolio on an ongoing basis.

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Generally, consumer and residential mortgage loans are included in the Pass categories unless a specific action, such as extended delinquencies, bankruptcy, repossession or death of the borrower occurs, which heightens awareness as to a possible credit event.

Internal loan reviews are completed annually on all commercial relationships with a committed loan balance in excess of $1.0 million, which includes confirmation of risk rating by an independent credit officer. In addition, all commercial relationships greater than $500 thousand rated Substandard, Doubtful or Loss are reviewed quarterly and corresponding risk ratings are reaffirmed by the Company's Problem Loan Committee, with subsequent reporting to the Management ERM Committee and the Board of Directors.


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
As of June 30, 2023	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner-occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	38,570	$	95,460	$	75,777	$	22,891	$	21,934	$	70,587	$	2,766	$	—	$	327,985
Special mention	—		10,092		—		6,155		—		2,157		—		—		18,404
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		2,212		465		—		2,677
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		14,757		—		2,578		38		—		17,373
Total owner-occupied loans	$	38,570	$	105,552	$	75,777	$	43,803	$	21,934	$	77,534	$	3,269	$	—	$	366,439
Current period gross charge offs - owner-occupied	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Non-owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	23,001	$	97,285	$	209,376	$	86,557	$	65,552	$	140,193	$	549	$	874	$	623,387
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		2,176		235		—		2,411
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		78		—		—		78
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		—		—		264		—		—		264
Total non-owner occupied loans	$	23,001	$	97,285	$	209,376	$	86,557	$	65,552	$	142,711	$	784	$	874	$	626,140
Current period gross charge offs - non-owner occupied	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Multi-family:
Risk rating
Pass	$	1,375	$	55,971	$	8,809	$	12,819	$	7,881	$	50,896	$	124	$	—	$	137,875
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		7,382		—		—		7,382
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total multi-family loans	$	1,375	$	55,971	$	8,809	$	12,819	$	7,881	$	58,278	$	124	$	—	$	145,257
Current period gross charge offs - multi-family	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

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	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
As of June 30, 2023	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Non-owner occupied residential:
Risk rating
Pass	$	5,163	$	26,702	$	19,300	$	10,338	$	6,897	$	34,027	$	1,512	$	—	$	103,939
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		820		—		—		820
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		395		—		—		395
Substandard - IEL	2		—		198		—		—		150		—		—		350
Total non-owner occupied residential loans	$	5,165	$	26,702	$	19,498	$	10,338	$	6,897	$	35,392	$	1,512	$	—	$	105,504
Current period gross charge offs - non-owner occupied residential	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	12
Acquisition and development:
1-4 family residential construction:
Risk rating
Pass	$	5,286	$	14,738	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,024
Special mention	—		—		437		—		—		—		—		—		437
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total 1-4 family residential construction loans	$	5,286	$	14,738	$	437	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,461
Current period gross charge offs - 1-4 family residential construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and land development:
Risk rating
Pass	$	17,031	$	50,046	$	49,722	$	10,305	$	119	$	2,967	$	7,055	$	4,263	$	141,508
Special mention	—		—		—		1,223		—		446		—		—		1,669
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial and land development loans	$	17,031	$	50,046	$	49,722	$	11,528	$	119	$	3,413	$	7,055	$	4,263	$	143,177
Current period gross charge offs - commercial and land development	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and Industrial:
Risk rating
Pass	$	39,635	$	80,530	$	85,056	$	24,515	$	11,922	$	23,321	$	94,980	$	3,481	$	363,440
Special mention	632		2,012		5,229		3,560		1,418		375		1,078		—		14,304
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		1,072		—		14		294		102		—		1,482
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		9		—		526		144		—		679
Total commercial and industrial loans	$	40,267	$	82,542	$	91,357	$	28,084	$	13,354	$	24,516	$	96,304	$	3,481	$	379,905
Current period gross charge offs - commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8	$	473	$	—	$	481
Municipal:
Risk rating
Pass	$	—	$	11	$	3,425	$	27	$	—	$	7,175	$	—	$	—	$	10,638
Total municipal loans	$	—	$	11	$	3,425	$	27	$	—	$	7,175	$	—	$	—	$	10,638
Current period gross charge offs - municipal	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

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	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
As of June 30, 2023	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Residential mortgage:
First lien:
Payment performance
Performing	$	15,579	$	62,104	$	35,449	$	8,474	$	7,753	$	103,423	$	—	$	646	$	233,428
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		175		2,210		—		—		2,385
Total first lien loans	$	15,579	$	62,104	$	35,449	$	8,474	$	7,928	$	105,633	$	—	$	646	$	235,813
Current period gross charge offs - first lien	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	58	$	—	$	—	$	58
Home equity - term:
Payment performance
Performing	$	343	$	788	$	146	$	470	$	128	$	3,349	$	—	$	—	$	5,224
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		4		—		—		4
Total home equity - term loans	$	343	$	788	$	146	$	470	$	128	$	3,353	$	—	$	—	$	5,228
Current period gross charge offs - home equity - term	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	40	$	—	$	—	$	40
Home equity - lines of credit:
Payment performance
Performing	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	110,490	$	73,971	$	184,461
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		—		620		18		638
Total residential real estate - home equity - lines of credit loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	111,110	$	73,989	$	185,099
Current period gross charge offs - home equity - lines of credit	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Installment and other loans:
Payment performance
Performing	$	573	$	524	$	398	$	167	$	1,033	$	1,822	$	6,217	$	—	$	10,734
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		21		1		—		—		22
Total Installment and other loans	$	573	$	524	$	398	$	167	$	1,054	$	1,823	$	6,217	$	—	$	10,756
Current period gross charge offs - installment and other	$	88	$	24	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	10	$	—	$	—	$	123

The information presented in the table above is not required for periods prior to the adoption of CECL. The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio ratings based on its internal risk rating system at December 31, 2022, which presents the most comparable required information. Prior to the adoption of CECL, PCD loans were classified as PCI loans and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the CECL standard, management did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the adoption date. At June 30, 2023, the amortized cost of the PCD loans was $8.8 million.

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	Pass		Special Mention		Non-Impaired Substandard		Impaired - Substandard		Doubtful		PCI Loans		Total


















December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	$	305,159	$	2,109	$	3,532	$	2,767	$	—	$	2,203	$	315,770
Non-owner occupied	601,244		4,243		2,273		—		—		283		608,043
Multi-family	130,851		7,739		242		—		—		—		138,832
Non-owner occupied residential	102,674		810		482		81		—		557		104,604
Acquisition and development:
1-4 family residential construction	25,068		—		—		—		—		—		25,068
Commercial and land development	142,424		458		—		15,426		—		—		158,308
Commercial and industrial	331,103		17,579		7,013		31		—		2,048		357,774
Municipal	12,173		—		—		—		—		—		12,173
Residential mortgage:
First lien	222,849		—		215		2,520		—		4,265		229,849
Home equity - term	5,485		—		—		5		—		15		5,505
Home equity - lines of credit	182,801		—		45		395		—		—		183,241
Installment and other loans	12,017		—		—		40		—		8		12,065
	$	2,073,848	$	32,938	$	13,802	$	21,265	$	—	$	9,379	$	2,151,232

For commercial real estate, acquisition and development, commercial and industrial and municipal segments, a loan is evaluated individually when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not individually evaluated. Generally, loans that are more than 90 days past due will be individually evaluated for a specific reserve. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed to determine if the loan should be placed on nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual loans are, by definition, deemed to be individually evaluated under CECL. A specific reserve allocation for individually evaluated loans is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and construction loans by either the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. A loan is collateral dependent if the repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral. For loans that are experiencing financial difficulty for extended periods of time, periodic updates on fair values are obtained, which may include updated appraisals. Updated fair values are incorporated into the analysis in the next reporting period.

Loan charge-offs, which may include partial charge-offs, are taken on an individually evaluated loan that is collateral dependent if the carrying balance of the loan exceeds the appraised value of the collateral, the loan has been placed on nonaccrual status or identified as uncollectible, and it is deemed to be a confirmed loss. Typically, loans with a charge-off or partial charge-off will continue to be individually evaluated. Generally, an individually evaluated loan with a partial charge-off may continue to have a specific reserve on it after the partial charge-off, if factors warrant.

At June 30, 2023, the Company’s individually evaluated loans were measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral securing the loan, except for purchased auto loans on nonaccrual status and accruing loans accounted for as TDRs prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02. At December 31, 2022, except for TDRs, the Company's individually evaluated loans were measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral securing the loan. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, by definition, TDRs were considered impaired and the related impairment analyses were initially based on discounted cash flows. For real estate loans, collateral generally consists of commercial or residential real estate, but in the case of commercial and industrial loans, it could also consist of accounts receivable, inventory, equipment or other business assets. Commercial and industrial loans may also have real estate collateral.

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Updated appraisals are generally required every 18 months for classified commercial loans, secured by commercial real estate, in excess of $250 thousand. The “as is" value provided in the appraisal is often used as the fair value of the collateral in determining impairment, unless circumstances, such as subsequent improvements, approvals, or other circumstances, dictate that another value than that provided by the appraiser is more appropriate.

Generally, commercial loans secured by real estate that are evaluated individually are measured at fair value using certified real estate appraisals that had been completed within the last 18 months. Appraised values are discounted for estimated costs to sell the property and other selling considerations to arrive at the property’s fair value. In those situations, in which it is determined an updated appraisal is not required for loans individually evaluated for credit expected losses, fair values are based on either an existing appraisal or a discounted cash flow analysis as determined by management. The approaches are discussed below:

•Existing appraisal – if the existing appraisal provides a strong loan-to-value ratio (generally 70% or lower) and, after consideration of market conditions and knowledge of the property and area, it is determined by the Credit Administration staff that there has not been a significant deterioration in the collateral value, the existing certified appraised value may be used. Discounts to the appraised value, as deemed appropriate for selling costs, are factored into the fair value.

•Discounted cash flows – in limited cases, discounted cash flows may be used on projects in which the collateral is liquidated to reduce the borrowings outstanding, and is used to validate collateral values derived from other approaches.

Collateral on loans evaluated individually is not limited to real estate, and may consist of accounts receivable, inventory, equipment or other business assets. Estimated fair values are determined based on borrowers’ financial statements, inventory ledgers, accounts receivable aging or appraisals from individuals with knowledge in the business. Stated balances are generally discounted for the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets. In determining fair value, liquidation discounts are applied to this collateral based on existing loan evaluation policies.

The Company distinguishes substandard loans for both loans individually and collectively evaluated, as it places less emphasis on a loan’s classification, and increased reliance on whether the loan was performing in accordance with the contractual terms. A substandard classification does not automatically meet the definition of an individually evaluated loan. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard loans, does not have to exist in individual extensions of credit classified as substandard. As a result, the Company’s methodology includes an evaluation of certain accruing commercial real estate, acquisition and development, commercial and industrial and municipal loans rated substandard to be collectively evaluated for credit expected losses. Although the Company believes these loans meet the definition of substandard, they are generally performing and management has concluded that it is likely the Company will be able to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.

Larger groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for credit expected losses. Generally, the Company does not separately identify individual residential mortgage and installment and other consumer loans for disclosures, unless such loans are the subject of a modified agreement due to financial difficulties of the borrower.

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The following table presents the amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans, according to loan class, with and without reserves on individually evaluated loans as of June 30, 2023, as compared to nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2022. The Company did not recognize interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.


	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Nonaccrual loans with a related ACL		Nonaccrual loans with no related ACL		Total nonaccrual loans		Loans Past Due 90+ Accruing		Total nonaccrual loans
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied	$	—	$	17,373	$	17,373	$	—	$	2,767
Non-owner occupied	—		264		264		—		—

Non-owner occupied residential	—		150		150		—		81
Acquisition and development:

Commercial and land development	—		—		—		—		15,426
Commercial and industrial	—		679		679		—		31

Residential mortgage:
First lien	—		1,978		1,978		519		1,838
Home equity – term	—		4		4		20		5
Home equity – lines of credit	—		593		593		—		395
Installment and other loans	—		21		21		—		40
Total	$	—	$	21,062	$	21,062	$	539	$	20,583

A loan is considered to be collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral. At June 30, 2023, substantially all individually evaluated loans were collateral-dependent and consisted primarily of commercial real estate, acquisition and development and residential mortgage loans, which were primarily secured by commercial or residential real estate. All of the Company’s collateral-dependent loans had appraised collateral values which exceeded the amortized cost basis of the related loan as of June 30, 2023. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class as of June 30, 2023:


	Type of Collateral
	Business Assets		Commercial Real Estate		Equipment		Land		Residential Real Estate		Other		Total
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	$	—	$	17,373	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	17,373
Non-owner occupied	—		264		—		—		—		—		264

Non-owner occupied residential	—		150		—		—		—		—		150



Commercial and industrial	670		—		9		—		—		—		679

Residential mortgage:
First lien	—		—		—		—		1,892		—		1,892
Home equity - term	—		—		—		—		4		—		4
Home equity - lines of credit	—		—		—		—		593		—		593
Installment and other loans	—		—		—		—		—		1		1
Total	$	670	$	17,787	$	9	$	—	$	2,489	$	1	$	20,956

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The information presented above in the nonaccrual loan table and the collateral-dependent table are not required for periods prior to the adoption of CECL. The following table, which excludes accruing PCI loans, presents the most comparable required information at December 31, 2022, which summarizes impaired loans by segment and class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not required at December 31, 2022. The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable. Related allowances established generally pertain to those loans in which loan forbearance agreements were in the process of being negotiated or updated appraisals were pending, and any partial charge-off will be recorded when final information is received.


	Impaired Loans with a Specific Allowance						Impaired Loans with No Specific Allowance
	Recorded Investment (Book Balance)		Unpaid Principal Balance (Legal Balance)		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment (Book Balance)		Unpaid Principal Balance (Legal Balance)
















December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,767	$	3,799


Non-owner occupied residential	—		—		—		81		207
Acquisition and development:

Commercial and land development	—		—		—		15,426		15,426
Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		31		112
Residential mortgage:
First lien	178		178		28		2,342		3,126
Home equity—term	—		—		—		5		8
Home equity—lines of credit	—		—		—		395		684
Installment and other loans	—		—		—		40		40
	$	178	$	178	$	28	$	21,087	$	23,402

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The following table, which excludes accruing PCI loans, presents the most comparable required information for the prior linked periods and summarizes the average recorded investment in impaired loans and related recognized interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022:


	June 30, 2022
	Average Impaired Balance		Interest Income Recognized
Three Months Ended June 30,
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied	$	3,006	$	—


Non-owner occupied residential	99		—



Commercial and industrial	117		—
Residential mortgage:
First lien	2,310		8
Home equity – term	6		—
Home equity - lines of credit	408		—
Installment and other loans	49		—
	$	5,995	$	8
Six Months Ended June 30,
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	$	3,236	$	—


Non-owner occupied residential	103		—



Commercial and industrial	168		—
Residential mortgage:
First lien	2,369		15
Home equity - term	6		—
Home equity - lines of credit	419		—
Installment and other loans	46		—
	$	6,347	$	15

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on a modified retrospective basis. ASU 2022-02 eliminates the TDR accounting model, and requires that the Company evaluate, based on the accounting for loan modifications, whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the modification results in a more-than-insignificant direct change in the contractual cash flows and represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. This change required all loan modifications to be accounted for under the general loan modification guidance in ASC 310-20, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs, and subject entities to new disclosure requirements on loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Upon adoption of CECL, the TDRs were evaluated and included in the CECL loan segment pools if the loans shared similar risk characteristics to other loans in the pool or remained with individually evaluated loans for which the ACL was measured using the collateral-dependent or discounted cash flow method.

The Company may modify loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, interest rate reduction or an other-than-insignificant payment delay. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged off against the ACL. The Company may also provide multiple types of modifications on an individual loan. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not extend any modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a more-than-insignificant direct change in the contractual cash flows of the loan.

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The following table presents the most comparable required information for impaired loans that were TDRs, with the recorded investment at December 31, 2022:


	December 31, 2022
		Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment
Accruing:





Residential mortgage:
First lien		8	$	682


Nonaccruing:





Residential mortgage:
First lien		4	212
Installment and other loans		1	2
		5	214
		13	$	896

Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the length of time a portfolio is past due by aggregating loans based on its delinquencies. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by aging categories at June 30, 2023:


	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Loans Not Past Due		Total Loans
June 30, 2023
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	$	118	$	—	$	145	$	263	$	366,176	$	366,439
Non-owner occupied	4		—		—		4		626,136		626,140
Multi-family	—		—		—		—		145,257		145,257
Non-owner occupied residential	—		—		49		49		105,455		105,504
Acquisition and development:
1-4 family residential construction	—		—		—		—		20,461		20,461
Commercial and land development	—		—		—		—		143,177		143,177
Commercial and industrial	183		726		15		924		378,981		379,905
Municipal	—		—		—		—		10,638		10,638
Residential mortgage:
First lien	206		1,688		877		2,771		233,042		235,813
Home equity - term	—		1		20		21		5,207		5,228
Home equity - lines of credit	713		473		95		1,281		183,818		185,099
Installment and other loans	71		—		4		75		10,681		10,756
	$	1,295	$	2,888	$	1,205	$	5,388	$	2,229,029	$	2,234,417

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The following table presents the most comparable required information, which includes the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2022:


			Days Past Due
	Current		30-59		60-89		90+ (still accruing)		Total Past Due		Non- Accrual		Total Loans
December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied	$	310,769	$	31	$	—	$	—	$	31	$	2,767	$	313,567
Non-owner occupied	607,760		—		—		—		—		—		607,760
Multi-family	138,832		—		—		—		—		—		138,832
Non-owner occupied residential	103,782		184		—		—		184		81		104,047
Acquisition and development:
1-4 family residential construction	24,622		446		—		—		446		—		25,068
Commercial and land development	142,613		269		—		—		269		15,426		158,308
Commercial and industrial	355,179		464		52		—		516		31		355,726
Municipal	12,173		—		—		—		—		—		12,173
Residential mortgage:
First lien	219,715		3,485		414		132		4,031		1,838		225,584
Home equity – term	5,485		—		—		—		—		5		5,490
Home equity – lines of credit	181,350		1,395		101		—		1,496		395		183,241
Installment and other loans	11,953		64		—		—		64		40		12,057
Subtotal	2,114,233		6,338		567		132		7,037		20,583		2,141,853
Loans acquired with credit deterioration:
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied	2,203		—		—		—		—		—		2,203
Non-owner occupied	283		—		—		—		—		—		283

Non-owner occupied residential	452		—		—		105		105		—		557



Commercial and industrial	2,048		—		—		—		—		—		2,048

Residential mortgage:
First lien	3,657		327		79		202		608		—		4,265
Home equity – term	15		—		—		—		—		—		15

Installment and other loans	8		—		—		—		—		—		8
Subtotal	8,666		327		79		307		713		—		9,379
	$	2,122,899	$	6,665	$	646	$	439	$	7,750	$	20,583	$	2,151,232

As disclosed in Note 1, on January 1, 2023 the Company implemented CECL and increased the ACL, previously the ALL, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the ACL for loans of $2.4 million. The Company’s ACL is calculated quarterly, with any adjustment recorded to the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statement of income. Management calculates the quantitative portion of collectively evaluated loans for all loan categories, with the exception of the consumer loan segment, using DCF methodology. For purposes of calculating the quantitative portion of collectively evaluated reserves on the consumer loan segment, the remaining life methodology is utilized. For purposes of estimating the Company’s ACL, management generally evaluates collectively evaluated loans by federal call code in order to group loans with similar risk characteristics.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual loan basis, and are excluded from the collective evaluation for the ACL. Loans identified to be individually evaluated under CECL include loans on nonaccrual status and may include accruing loans that do not share similar risk characteristics to other accruing loans that are collectively evaluated on a loan pool basis. A specific reserve analysis may be applied to the individually evaluated loans, which considers collateral value, an observable market price or the present value of expected future cash flows. A specific reserve is assigned if the measured value of the loan using one of the before mentioned methods is less than the current carrying value of the loan.

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Based on management's analysis, adjustments may be applied for additional factors impacting the risk of loss in the loan portfolio beyond the quantitatively calculated reserve calculated on collectively evaluated loans. As the quantitative reserve calculation incorporates historical conditions, management may consider an additional or reduced reserve is warranted through qualitative risk factors based on current and expected conditions. These qualitative risk factors considered by management are comparable to legacy factors prior to the adoption of CECL and include significant or unexpected changes in:

Nature and Volume of Loans – including loan growth in the current and subsequent quarters based on the Company’s targeted growth and strategic plan, coupled with the types of loans booked based on risk management and credit culture; the number of exceptions to loan policy; and supervisory loan to value exceptions.

Concentrations of Credit and Changes within Credit Concentrations – including the composition of the Company’s overall portfolio makeup and management's evaluation related to concentration risk management and the inherent risk associated with the concentrations identified.

Lending Policies and Procedures, Underwriting Standards and Recovery Practices – including changes to credit policies and procedures, underwriting standards and perceived impact on anticipated losses; trends in the number of exceptions to loan policy; supervisory loan to value exceptions; and administration of loan recovery practices.

Delinquency and Classified Loan Trends – including delinquency percentages and internal loan ratings noted in the portfolio relative to economic conditions; severity of the delinquencies and the ratings; and whether the ratios are trending upwards or downwards.

Collateral Valuation Trends – including underlying market conditions and impact on the collateral values securing the loans.

Experience, Ability and Depth of Management/Lending staff – including the level of experience of senior and middle management and the lending staff; turnover of the staff; and instances of repeat criticisms.

Quality of Loan Review System – including the level of experience of the loan review staff; in-house versus outsourced provider of review; turnover of the staff; and instances of repeat criticisms from independent testing, which includes the evaluation of internal loan ratings of the portfolio.

Economic Conditions – including trends in the international, national, regional and local conditions that monitor the interest rate environment, inflationary pressures, the consumer price index, the housing price index, housing statistics, and bankruptcy rates.

Other External Factors - including regulatory and legal environment risks and competition.

All factors noted above were established upon adoption of CECL and were deemed appropriate at June 30, 2023. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, these factors were unchanged from levels at adoption of CECL, except for an increase in the Delinquency and Classified Loan Trends qualitative factor for the commercial & industrial and owner-occupied commercial real estate loan classes, which was based on a recent trend of increases in loans downgraded to the special mention risk rating. The change in qualitative factor resulted in an increase to the ACL of $461 thousand.

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The following table presents the activity in the ACL, including the impact of adopting CECL, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and the activity in the ALL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022:


	Commercial										Consumer
	Commercial Real Estate		Acquisition and Development		Commercial and Industrial		Municipal		Total		Residential Mortgage		Installment and Other		Total		Unallocated		Total
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	16,697	$	3,217	$	5,787	$	177	$	25,878	$	2,278	$	208	$	2,486	$	—	$	28,364

Provision for credit losses	246		(451)		440		(10)		225		64		110		174		—		399
Charge-offs	(12)		—		(395)		—		(407)		(98)		(67)		(165)		—		(572)
Recoveries	65		1		22		—		88		63		41		104		—		192
Balance, end of period	$	16,996	$	2,767	$	5,854	$	167	$	25,784	$	2,307	$	292	$	2,599	$	—	$	28,383
June 30, 2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	11,546	$	2,321	$	4,301	$	29	$	18,197	$	2,873	$	201	$	3,074	$	237	$	21,508

Provision for loan losses	748		695		184		(3)		1,624		127		24		151		—		1,775
Charge-offs	—		—		(54)		—		(54)		—		(5)		(5)		—		(59)
Recoveries	—		8		40		—		48		4		3		7		—		55
Balance, end of period	$	12,294	$	3,024	$	4,471	$	26	$	19,815	$	3,004	$	223	$	3,227	$	237	$	23,279

Six Months Ended
June 30, 2023
Beginning balance, prior to adoption of CECL	$	13,558	$	3,214	$	4,505	$	24	$	21,301	$	3,444	$	188	$	3,632	$	245	$	25,178
Impact of adopting CECL	2,857		(214)		928		169		3,740		(1,121)		49		(1,072)		(245)		2,423
Provision for credit losses	508		(236)		852		(26)		1,098		(76)		106		30		—		1,128
Charge-offs	(12)		—		(481)		—		(493)		(98)		(123)		(221)		—		(714)
Recoveries	85		3		50		—		138		158		72		230		—		368
Balance, end of period	$	16,996	$	2,767	$	5,854	$	167	$	25,784	$	2,307	$	292	$	2,599	$	—	$	28,383
June 30, 2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	12,037	$	2,062	$	3,814	$	30	$	17,943	$	2,785	$	215	$	3,000	$	237	$	21,180

Provision for loan losses	225		953		684		(4)		1,858		199		18		217		—		2,075
Charge-offs	—		—		(115)		—		(115)		(10)		(18)		(28)		—		(143)
Recoveries	32		9		88		—		129		30		8		38		—		167
Balance, end of period	$	12,294	$	3,024	$	4,471	$	26	$	19,815	$	3,004	$	223	$	3,227	$	237	$	23,279

The information presented in the table below is not required for periods subsequent to the adoption of CECL. The following table summarizes the ALL allocation for loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment by loan segment at December 31, 2022. Accruing PCI loans are excluded from loans individually evaluated for impairment.


	Commercial										Consumer
	Commercial Real Estate		Acquisition and Development		Commercial and Industrial		Municipal		Total		Residential Mortgage		Installment and Other		Total		Unallocated		Total











December 31, 2022
Loans allocated by:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	2,848	$	15,426	$	31	$	—	$	18,305	$	2,920	$	40	$	2,960	$	—	$	21,265
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,164,401		167,950		357,743		12,173		1,702,267		415,675		12,025		427,700		—		2,129,967
	$	1,167,249	$	183,376	$	357,774	$	12,173	$	1,720,572	$	418,595	$	12,065	$	430,660	$	—	$	2,151,232
ALL allocated by:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	28	$	—	$	28	$	—	$	28
Collectively evaluated for impairment	13,558		3,214		4,505		24		21,301		3,416		188		3,604		245		25,150
	$	13,558	$	3,214	$	4,505	$	24	$	21,301	$	3,444	$	188	$	3,632	$	245	$	25,178

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NOTE 4. LEASES

A lease provides the lessee the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company has primarily entered into operating leases for branches and office space. Most of the Company's leases contain renewal options, which the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. Including renewal options, the Company's leases range from 5 to 30 years. Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are included in other assets and accrued interest and other liabilities on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments, as the rate implicit in the Company's leases is not readily determinable. Lease agreements that contain non-lease components are generally accounted for as a single lease component, while variable costs, such as common area maintenance expenses and property taxes, are expensed as incurred.

The following table summarizes the Company's operating leases at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Operating lease ROU assets	$	11,274		$	9,270
Operating lease ROU liabilities	12,022			9,976
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	15.3			14.3
Weighted-average discount rate	4.3		%	4.1		%

The following table presents information related to the Company's operating leases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	287	$	295	$	571	$	589
Operating lease expense	302		349		611		743

The following table presents expected future maturities of the Company's lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023:


2023	$	653
2024	1,349
2025	1,371
2026	1,403
2027	1,437
Thereafter	11,381
	17,594
Less: imputed interest	5,572
Total lease liabilities	$	12,022

NOTE 5. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

At June 30, 2023 and 2022, goodwill was $18.7 million. No impairment charges were recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022.

Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for potential impairment on at least an annual basis, with testing between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that could potentially reduce the fair value of a reporting unit.

The Company conducted its last annual goodwill impairment test as of November 30, 2022 using generally accepted valuation methods. As a result of that impairment test, no goodwill impairment was identified. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the market was impacted by the economic uncertainty resulting from recent banking industry events, which caused the Company's stock price and market capitalization to decline. The Company performed a qualitative assessment, which indicated that it was more likely than not that the fair value exceeded its carrying value, resulting in no impairment charge for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Management will continue to evaluate the economic conditions for any potential applicable changes.

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The following table presents changes in and components of other intangible assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. No impairment charges were recorded on other intangible assets during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning of period	$	2,828	$	3,891	$	3,078	$	4,183



Amortization expense	(239)		(281)		(489)		(573)

Balance, end of period	$	2,589	$	3,610	$	2,589	$	3,610

The following table presents the components of other identifiable intangible assets at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortized intangible assets:
Core deposit intangibles	$	8,390	$	5,801	$	8,390	$	5,312
Other customer relationship intangibles	—		—		25		25

Total	$	8,390	$	5,801	$	8,415	$	5,337

The following table presents future estimated aggregate amortization expense for other identifiable intangible assets at June 30, 2023:



2023	$	446
2024	766
2025	596
2026	427
2027	258
Thereafter	96
	$	2,589

NOTE 6. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

The Company maintains share-based compensation plans under the shareholder-approved 2011 Plan. The purpose of the share-based compensation plans is to provide officers, employees, and non-employee members of the Board of Directors of the Company with additional incentive to further the success of the Company. At June 30, 2023, 1,281,920 shares of the common stock of the Company were reserved, of which 420,758 shares are available to be issued.

The 2011 Plan incentive awards may consist of grants of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, deferred stock units and performance shares. All employees and members of the Board of Directors of the Company and its subsidiaries are eligible to participate in the 2011 Plan. The 2011 Plan allows for the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors to determine the type of incentive to be awarded, its term, manner of exercise, vesting and restrictions on shares. Generally, awards are nonqualified under the IRC, unless the awards are deemed to be incentive awards to employees at the Compensation Committee’s discretion.

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The following table presents a summary of nonvested restricted shares activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023:


	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested shares, beginning of year	284,909	$	22.35
Granted	148,501	23.57
Forfeited	(32,232)	22.59
Vested	(107,466)	22.56
Nonvested shares, at period end	293,712	$	22.86

The following table presents restricted share compensation expense, with tax benefit information, and fair value of shares vested, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Restricted share award expense	$	534	$	529	$	1,150	$	859
Restricted share award tax benefit	112		111		242		180
Fair value of shares vested	423		540		2,460		1,864

The unrecognized compensation expense related to the share awards totaled $4.5 million at June 30, 2023 and $3.0 million at December 31, 2022. The unrecognized compensation expense at June 30, 2023 is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.

The Company maintains an employee stock purchase plan to provide employees of the Company with an opportunity to purchase Company common stock. Eligible employees may purchase shares in an amount that does not exceed the lesser of the IRS limit of $25,000 or 10% of their annual salary at the lower of 95% of the fair market value of the shares on the semi-annual offering date, or related purchase date. The purchases occur in March and September of each year. The Company reserved 350,000 shares of its common stock to be issued under the employee stock purchase plan. At June 30, 2023, 142,592 shares were available to be issued.

The following table presents information for the employee stock purchase plan for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Shares purchased	—		—		3,003		3,953
Weighted average price of shares purchased	$	—	$	—	$	21.85	$	22.46
Compensation expense recognized	—		—		3		8

The Company issues new shares or treasury shares, depending on market conditions, in its share-based compensation plans.

NOTE 7. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company's derivative financial instruments are used as risk management tools by the Company to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s investment securities and borrowings and are not used for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company uses interest rate swaps and interest rate caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of fixed or variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable-rate or fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

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The Company, however, discontinues cash flow hedge accounting if it is probable the forecasted hedged transactions will not occur in the initially identified time period due to circumstances. Upon discontinuance, the associated gains and losses deferred in AOCI are reclassified immediately into earnings and subsequent changes in the fair value of the cash flow hedge are recognized in earnings. The Company entered into one new interest rate swap designed as a hedging instrument with a notional value of $75.0 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2023, the Company had three interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments with a total notional value of $175.0 million for the purpose of hedging the variable cash flows of selected AFS securities or loans or hedging variable cash flows associated with the Company's borrowings compared to two interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments with a total notional value of $100.0 million at December 31, 2022.

The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements that allow its commercial loan customers to effectively convert a variable-rate commercial loan agreement to a fixed-rate commercial loan agreement. Under these agreements, the Company enters into a variable-rate loan agreement with a customer in addition to an interest rate swap agreement, which serves to effectively swap the customer’s variable-rate loan into a fixed-rate loan. In addition, the Company may enter into interest rate caps that allow its commercial loan customers to gain protection against significant interest rate increases and provide a upper limit, or cap, on the variable interest rate. The Company then enters into a corresponding swap or cap agreement with a third party in order to economically hedge its exposure through the customer agreement. The interest rate swaps and interest rate caps with both the customers and third parties are not designated as hedges and are marked through earnings. At June 30, 2023, the Company had 27 customer and 27 corresponding third-party broker interest rate derivatives not designated as a hedging instrument with an aggregate notional amount of $280.4 million, compared to $268.8 million in notional amount of such derivative instruments at December 31, 2022. The Company entered into two new interest rate swaps with its commercial loan customers and recognized swap fee income of $196 thousand during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. This is compared to two new interest rate swaps that resulted in swap fee income of $785 thousand during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and five new interest rate swaps that resulted in swap fee income of $1.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022. Swap fee income is included in noninterest income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had cash collateral of $5.1 million and $5.4 million with the third parties for certain of these derivatives, respectively. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company received cash collateral of $8.9 million and $8.5 million from a counterparty for these derivatives, respectively.

The Company also may enter into risk participation agreements with a financial institution counterparty for an interest rate derivative contract related to a loan in which the Company may be a participant or the agent bank. The risk participation agreement provides credit protection to the agent bank should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contracts with the agent bank. The Company manages its credit risk on the risk participation agreement by monitoring the creditworthiness of the borrower, which is based on the same credit review process as though the Company had entered into the derivative instruments directly with the borrower. The notional amount of such risk participation agreement reflects the Company’s pro-rata share of the derivative instrument, consistent with its share of the related participated loan. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had risk participation agreements with sold protection with a notional value of $32.3 million and $29.0 million, respectively. In addition, the Company had a risk participation with purchased protection with a notional value of $4.9 million at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company did not enter into any risk participation agreements during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to one new risk participation agreement with purchased protection during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. There was no upfront fee on the new risk participation during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

As a part of its normal residential mortgage operations, the Company will enter into an interest rate lock commitment with a potential borrower. The Company may enter into a corresponding commitment with an investor to sell that loan at a specific price shortly after origination. In accordance with FASB ASC 820, adjustments are recorded through earnings to account for the net change in fair value of these transactions for the held for sale loans. The fair value of held for sale loans can vary based on the interest rate locked with the customer and the current market interest rate at the balance sheet date.

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The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company's derivative instruments at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	June 30, 2023					December 31, 2022
	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps - balance sheet hedge	$	75,000	Other assets	$	1,389	n/a		Not applicable	n/a
Interest rate swaps - balance sheet hedge	$	100,000	Other liabilities	$	(970)	$	100,000	Other liabilities	$	(973)
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments				$	419				$	(973)

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	$	134,230	Other assets	$	10,299	$	128,385	Other assets	$	10,437
Interest rate swaps	134,230		Other liabilities	(10,211)		128,385		Other liabilities	(10,262)
Purchased options – rate cap	5,955		Other assets	21		6,000		Other assets	29
Written options – rate cap	5,955		Other liabilities	(21)		6,000		Other liabilities	(29)
Risk participations - sold credit protection	32,312		Other liabilities	(72)		29,019		Other liabilities	(69)
Risk participations - purchased credit protection	4,890		Other assets	14		4,941		Other assets	16
Interest rate lock commitments with customers	2,197		Other assets	67		1,356		Other assets	35
Forward sale commitments	270		Other assets	2		3,483		Other assets	140
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments				$	99				$	297

The following tables summarize the effect of the Company's derivative financial instruments on OCI and net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative				Amount of Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivative
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate products	$	1,073	$	—	$	1,392	$	—
Total	$	1,073	$	—	$	1,392	$	—


	Amount of Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Income				Amount of Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Income				Location of Loss Recognized from AOCI into Income
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate products	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	Interest income
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—


	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income				Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in Income				Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate products	$	40	$	93	$	(119)	$	130	Other operating expenses
Risk participation agreements	37		28		27		30		Other operating expenses
Interest rate lock commitments with customers	10		(114)		32		(167)		Mortgage banking activities
Forward sale commitments	(7)		331		(139)		631		Mortgage banking activities
Total	$	80	$	338	$	(199)	$	624

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The following table is a summary of components for interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Weighted average pay rate	5.07	%	3.81	%
Weighted average receive rate	3.67	%	3.81	%
Weighted average maturity in years	2.4		1.2

NOTE 8. SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS

The Company has short-term borrowing capability from the FHLB, federal funds purchased and the FRB discount window. The following table summarizes these short-term borrowings at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and for the six and twelve months then ended:


	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Balance at period-end	$	95,500		$	104,684
Weighted average interest rate during the period	5.38		%	4.45		%
Average balance during the period	$	87,005		$	13,846
Average interest rate during the period	5.20		%	3.97		%
Maximum month-end balance during the period	$	120,984		$	104,684

NOTE 9. LONG-TERM DEBT

The following table presents components of the Company’s long-term debt at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	Amount				Weighted Average Rate
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
FHLB fixed rate advances maturing:
2025	$	15,000	$	—	4.57	%	—	%
2028	25,000		—		3.98	%	—	%

	40,000		—		4.20	%	—	%
Total FHLB amortizing advance requiring monthly principal and interest payments, maturing:
2025	1,227		1,455		4.74	%	4.74	%


Total FHLB Advances	$	41,227	$	1,455	4.22	%	4.74	%

The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Pittsburgh and has access to the FHLB program of overnight and term advances. Under terms of a blanket collateral agreement for advances, lines and letters of credit from the FHLB, collateral for all outstanding advances, lines and letters of credit consisted of 1-4 family mortgage loans and other real estate secured loans totaling $1.1 billion at June 30, 2023. The Bank had additional availability of $943.5 million at the FHLB on June 30, 2023 based on its qualifying collateral, net of short-term borrowings and long-term debt detailed above and non-deposit letters of credit totaling $609 thousand at June 30, 2023.

At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Bank had availability under FHLB lines totaling $75.0 million and $45.3 million, respectively.

The Bank has available unsecured lines of credit, with interest based on the daily Federal Funds rate, with two correspondent banks totaling $30.0 million, at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There were no borrowings under these lines of credit at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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NOTE 10. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND REGULATORY CAPITAL

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. Under the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's capital guidelines for U.S. Banks ("Basel III rules"), an entity must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The Company and the Bank have elected not to include net unrealized gains or losses included in AOCI in computing regulatory capital.

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, which replaced the existing incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses with an expected loss model referred to as the CECL model, and resulted in a reduction to opening retained earnings, net of income tax, and an increase to the allowance for credit losses for loans of approximately $2.4 million and allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures of $100 thousand, which combined totals $2.5 million. The federal bank regulatory agencies issued a rule, which provided for the option to elect a three-year transition provision of the day-one impact of the CECL model beginning with regulatory capital at March 31, 2023. The Company elected the three-year phase in option.

The consolidated asset limit on small bank holding companies is $3.0 billion and a company with assets under that limit is not subject to the FRB consolidated capital rules, but may file reports that include capital amounts and ratios. The Company has elected to file those reports prior to exceeding the asset threshold.

The Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well-capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. At June 30, 2023, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank's classification.

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The following table presents capital amounts and ratios at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	Actual				For Capital Adequacy Purposes (includes applicable capital conservation buffer)				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
June 30, 2023
Total risk-based capital:
Orrstown Financial Services, Inc.	$	319,171	13.0	%	$	257,851	10.5	%	n/a		n/a
Orrstown Bank	307,371		12.5	%	257,781		10.5	%	$	245,506	10.0	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital:
Orrstown Financial Services, Inc.	258,905		10.5	%	208,736		8.5	%	n/a		n/a
Orrstown Bank	279,163		11.4	%	208,680		8.5	%	196,405		8.0	%
Tier 1 common equity risk-based capital:
Orrstown Financial Services, Inc.	258,905		10.5	%	171,900		7.0	%	n/a		n/a
Orrstown Bank	279,163		11.4	%	171,854		7.0	%	159,579		6.5	%
Tier 1 leverage capital:
Orrstown Financial Services, Inc.	258,905		8.6	%	120,409		4.0	%	n/a		n/a
Orrstown Bank	279,163		9.3	%	120,418		4.0	%	150,523		5.0	%
December 31, 2022
Total risk-based capital:
Orrstown Financial Services, Inc.	$	304,589	12.7	%	$	250,939	10.5	%	n/a		n/a
Orrstown Bank	292,933		12.3	%	250,566		10.5	%	$	238,634	10.0	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital:
Orrstown Financial Services, Inc.	245,752		10.3	%	203,141		8.5	%	n/a		n/a
Orrstown Bank	266,122		11.2	%	202,839		8.5	%	190,907		8.0	%
Tier 1 common equity risk-based capital:
Orrstown Financial Services, Inc.	245,752		10.3	%	167,293		7.0	%	n/a		n/a
Orrstown Bank	266,122		11.2	%	167,044		7.0	%	155,112		6.5	%
Tier 1 leverage capital:
Orrstown Financial Services, Inc.	245,752		8.5	%	116,325		4.0	%	n/a		n/a
Orrstown Bank	266,122		9.2	%	116,219		4.0	%	145,273		5.0	%

The Company maintains a stockholder dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan. Under the plan, shareholders may purchase additional shares of the Company’s common stock at the prevailing market prices with reinvested dividends and voluntary cash payments. The Company reserved 1,045,000 shares of its common stock to be issued under the dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan. At June 30, 2023, approximately 665,000 shares were available to be issued under the plan.

In September 2015, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which the Company could repurchase up to 416,000 shares of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock, in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act, as amended. On April 19, 2021, the Board of Directors authorized the additional repurchase of up to 562,000 shares of its outstanding common stock for a total of 978,000 shares. When and if appropriate, repurchases may be made in the open market or privately negotiated transactions, depending on market conditions, regulatory requirements and other corporate considerations, as determined by management. Share repurchases may not occur and may be discontinued at any time. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 76,330 shares of its common stock at an average price of $18.40 per share. At June 30, 2023, 949,533 shares had been repurchased at a total cost of $21.2 million, or $22.36 per share. Common stock available for future repurchase totals 28,467 shares, or 0.3%, of the Company's outstanding common stock at June 30, 2023.

On July 25, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.20 per common share, which will be paid on August 15, 2023 to shareholders of record at August 8, 2023.

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NOTE 11. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table presents earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(shares presented in the table are in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	9,838	$	8,871	$	18,994	$	17,239
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	10,336		10,610		10,360		10,735
Dilutive effect of share-based compensation	85		134		98		140
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	10,421		10,744		10,458		10,875
Per share information:
Basic earnings per share	$	0.95	$	0.84	$	1.83	$	1.61
Diluted earnings per share	0.94		0.83		1.82		1.59

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, there were average outstanding restricted award shares totaling 14,268 and 9,891, respectively, compared to 4,433 and 58,328 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, excluded from the computation of earnings per share because the effect was antidilutive, as the grant price exceeded the average market price. The dilutive effect of share-based compensation in each period above relates principally to restricted stock awards.

NOTE 12. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its clients. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The contract amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Company has in particular classes of financial instruments.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit and financial guarantees written is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. The following table presents these contractual, or notional, amounts at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.


	Contractual or Notional Amount
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Commitments to fund:
Home equity lines of credit	$	315,521	$	296,213
1-4 family residential construction loans	47,852		49,538
Commercial real estate, construction and land development loans	130,749		156,560
Commercial, industrial and other loans	362,021		338,286
Standby letters of credit	24,669		23,229

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a client as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each client’s credit-worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the client. Collateral varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, residential real estate, and income-producing commercial properties.

Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees written are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a client to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to clients. The Company holds collateral supporting those commitments when deemed necessary by management. The liability at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 for guarantees under standby letters of credit issued was not considered to be material.

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The Company maintains a reserve on its off-balance sheet credit exposures, which totaled approximately $1.7 million and $1.6 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is recorded in other liabilities on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted CECL and recorded a day-one adjustment, which increased the allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures by $100 thousand. The reserve is based on management's estimate of expected losses in its off-balance sheet credit exposures. The reserve specific to unfunded loan commitments is determined by applying utilization assumptions based on historical experience and applying the expected loss rates by loan class. Following adoption of CECL, the change in the reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures is recorded as a provision or reduction to expense through the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. The Company did not record expense or a reduction to provision for credit losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Prior to January 1, 2023, the Company maintained the reserve based on historical loss experience of the related loan class and utilization assumptions, for off-balance sheet credit exposures that currently are not funded. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded provision expense of zero and $28 thousand, respectively, to other non-interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income associated with its reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures.

NOTE 13. FAIR VALUE

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are excluded from disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company.

The fair value hierarchy distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity's own assumptions about market participant assumptions based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are:

Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 – significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – at least one significant unobservable input that reflects a company's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

In instances in which multiple levels of inputs are used to measure fair value, hierarchy classification is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value for instruments measured on a recurring basis:

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, investment securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 investment securities include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and exchange traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, investment securities are classified within Level 2 and fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flow. Level 2 investment securities include U.S. agency securities, MBS, obligations of states and political subdivisions and certain corporate, asset backed and other securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, investment securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company’s investment securities are classified as available-for-sale.

The fair values of interest rate swaps and risk participation derivatives are determined using models that incorporate readily observable market data into a market standard methodology. This methodology nets the discounted future cash receipts and the discounted expected cash payments. The discounted variable cash receipts and payments are based on expectations of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves. In addition, fair value is adjusted for the effect of nonperformance risk by incorporating credit valuation adjustments for the Company and its counterparties. These assets and liabilities are classified as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

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The following table summarizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair Value Measurements
June 30, 2023
Financial Assets
Investment securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	17,373	$	—	$	—	$	17,373
U.S. Government Agencies	—		4,587		—		4,587

States and political subdivisions	—		195,562		6,019		201,581
GSE residential MBSs	—		58,332		—		58,332
GSE commercial MBSs	—		5,639		—		5,639
GSE residential CMOs	—		65,335		—		65,335

Non-agency CMOs	—		18,378		21,975		40,353


Asset-backed	—		115,294		—		115,294
Other	118		—		—		118
Loans held for sale	—		6,450		—		6,450
Derivatives	—		11,723		67		11,790


Totals	$	17,491	$	481,300	$	28,061	$	526,852
Financial Liabilities
Derivatives	$	—	$	11,274	$	—	$	11,274


December 31, 2022
Financial Assets
Investment securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	17,291	$	—	$	—	$	17,291
U.S. Government Agencies	—		5,135		—		5,135

States and political subdivisions	—		191,488		5,926		197,414
GSE residential MBSs	—		59,402		—		59,402
GSE residential CMOs	—		68,378		—		68,378
Non-agency CMOs	—		18,491		21,267		39,758



Asset-backed	—		125,973		—		125,973
Other	377		—		—		377
Loans held for sale	—		10,880		—		10,880
Derivatives	—		10,482		35		10,517


Totals	$	17,668	$	490,229	$	27,228	$	535,125
Financial Liabilities
Derivatives	$	—	$	11,333	$	—	$	11,333

The Company had one municipal bond and three CMOs measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 compared to one municipal bond and one CMO at June 30, 2022. The Level 3 valuation is based on a non-executable broker quote, which is considered a significant unobservable input. Such quotes are updated as available and may remain constant for a period of time for certain broker-quoted securities that do not move with the market or that are not interest rate sensitive as a result of their structure or overall attributes.

The Company’s residential mortgage LHFS are recorded at fair value utilizing Level 2 measurements. This fair value measurement is determined based upon third party quotes obtained on similar loans. For loans held-for-sale, for which the fair value option has been elected, the aggregate fair value declined below the aggregate principal balance by $1.0 million and $1.2 million as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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The determination of the fair value of interest rate lock commitments on residential mortgages is based on agreed upon pricing with the respective investor on each loan and includes a pull through percentage. The pull through percentage represents an estimate of loans in the pipeline to be delivered to an investor versus the total loans committed for delivery. Significant changes in this input could result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. As the pull through percentage is a significant unobservable input, this is deemed a Level 3 valuation input. The average pull through percentage, which is based upon historical experience, was 92% as of June 30, 2023. An increase or decrease of 5% in the pull through assumption would result in a positive or negative change of $3 thousand in the fair value of interest rate lock commitments at June 30, 2023.

The following provides details of the Level 3 fair value measurement activity for the periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

Investment securities:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	28,190	$	18,634	$	27,193	$	23,147


Unrealized (losses) gains included in OCI	(84)		(220)		136		(1,580)
Purchases	—		—		871		—
Net discount accretion (premium amortization)	10		(5)		23		66
Principal payments and other	(122)		—		(229)		—
Sales	—		—		—		(3,053)
Calls	—		(12,154)		—		(12,154)

OTTI	—		—		—		(171)
Balance, end of period	$	27,994	$	6,255	$	27,994	$	6,255

Interest rate lock commitments on residential mortgages:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	57	$	300	$	35	$	353

Total gains (losses) included in earnings	10		(114)		32		(167)


Balance, end of period	$	67	$	186	$	67	$	186

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually results from the application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value for these financial assets.

Individually Evaluated Loans

Upon adoption of CECL, loans individually evaluated for credit expected losses included nonaccrual loans and other loans that do not share similar risk characteristics to loans in the CECL loan pools, which have been classified as Level 3. Individually evaluated loans with an allocation to the ACL are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for credit losses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. Prior to the adoption of CECL and ASU No. 2022-02, which eliminated the TDR accounting model, loans were designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management and based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, will not be collected.

The measurement of loss associated with loans evaluated individually for all loan classes was based on either the observable market price of the loan, the fair value of the collateral, or discounted cash flows. For collateral-dependent loans, fair value was measured based on the value of the collateral securing the loan, less estimated costs to sell. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The value of the real estate collateral is determined utilizing an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data (Level 2). However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction, or if management adjusts the appraisal value, then the fair value is considered Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal, if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivable collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3).

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Changes in the fair value of individually evaluated loans still held and considered in the determination of the provision for credit losses were $285 thousand and $510 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to zero and $(40) thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Foreclosed Real Estate

OREO property acquired through foreclosure is initially recorded at the fair value of the property at the transfer date less estimated selling cost. Subsequently, OREO is carried at the lower of its carrying value or the fair value less estimated selling cost. Fair value is usually determined based upon an independent third-party appraisal of the property or occasionally upon a recent sales offer. Subsequent declines in the fair value are recorded through a valuation allowance with a charge to the consolidated statement of income. An increase in the fair value of the property may be recognized up to the cost basis of the OREO. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company sold the property previously included in OREO. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no OREO.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

MSRs are evaluated for impairment by comparing the carrying value to the fair value, which is determined through a discounted cash flow valuation. To the extent the amortized cost of the MSRs exceeds their estimated fair values, a valuation allowance is established for such impairment. Fair value adjustments on the MSRs only occurs if there is an impairment charge. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the MSR impairment reserve was zero for both periods. For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, impairment valuation allowance reversals of zero and $32 thousand were included, respectively, in mortgage banking activities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. The reversal in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was due to increases in market rates, which increased the MSR fair value.

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The following table summarizes assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair Value Measurements
June 30, 2023
Individually Evaluated Loans
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	$	—	$	—	$	103	$	103


Non-owner occupied residential	—		—		49		49



Commercial and industrial	—		—		171		171
Residential mortgage:
First lien	—		—		230		230

Home equity - lines of credit	—		—		67		67

Total individually evaluated loans	$	—	$	—	$	620	$	620






Mortgage servicing rights	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

December 31, 2022
Impaired Loans
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	$	—	$	—	$	116	$	116


Non-owner occupied residential	—		—		9		9




Residential mortgage:
First lien	—		—		309		309

Home equity - lines of credit	—		—		86		86

Total impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	520	$	520






Mortgage servicing rights	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents additional qualitative information about assets measured on a nonrecurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

Fair Value
Estimate

Valuation
Techniques

Unobservable Input

Range

June 30, 2023

Individually evaluated loans

620

Appraisal of collateral

Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity

10% - 25% discount

- Management adjustments for liquidation expenses

6.08% - 19.23% discount

December 31, 2022

Impaired loans

520

Appraisal of collateral

Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity

10% - 25% discount

- Management adjustments for liquidation expenses

6.08% - 17.93% discount

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Fair values of financial instruments

GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and liabilities, including those that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. The following table presents carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the financial assets and liabilities at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
June 30, 2023
Financial Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	31,855	$	31,855	$	31,855	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	44,463		44,463		44,463		—		—

Restricted investments in bank stock	12,602		n/a		n/a		n/a		n/a
Investment securities	508,612		508,612		17,491		463,127		27,994
Loans held for sale	6,450		6,450		—		6,450		—
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses	2,206,034		2,052,891		—		—		2,052,891

Derivatives	11,790		11,790		—		11,723		67
Accrued interest receivable	11,773		11,773		—		4,737		7,036

Financial Liabilities
Deposits	2,522,861		2,519,072		—		2,519,072		—
Deposits held for assumption in connection with sale of bank branches	—		—		—		—		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased	15,502		15,502		—		15,502		—
FHLB advances and other borrowings	136,727		136,258		—		136,258		—
Subordinated notes	32,059		28,915		—		28,915		—
Derivatives	11,274		11,274		—		11,274		—
Accrued interest payable	1,032		1,032		—		1,032		—
Off-balance sheet instruments	—		—		—		—		—

December 31, 2022
Financial Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	28,477	$	28,477	$	28,477	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	32,346		32,346		32,346		—		—

Restricted investments in bank stock	10,642		n/a		n/a		n/a		n/a
Investment securities	513,728		513,728		17,668		468,867		27,193
Loans held for sale	10,880		10,880		—		10,880		—
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses	2,126,054		1,991,164		—		—		1,991,164

Derivatives	10,517		10,517		—		10,482		35
Accrued interest receivable	11,027		11,027		—		4,441		6,586

Financial Liabilities
Deposits	2,444,939		2,440,660		—		2,440,660		—
Deposits held for assumption in connection with sale of bank branches	31,307		29,429		—		29,429		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	17,251		17,251		—		17,251		—
FHLB advances and other borrowings	106,139		106,141		—		106,141		—
Subordinated notes	32,026		31,321		—		31,321		—
Derivatives	11,333		11,333		—		11,333		—
Accrued interest payable	457		457		—		457		—
Off-balance sheet instruments	—		—		—		—		—

In accordance with the Company's adoption of ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, the methods utilized to measure the fair value of financial instruments at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 represent an approximation of exit price; however, an actual exit price may differ. At December 31, 2022, deposits held for assumption in connection with the sale of bank branches includes the balance from the Purchase and Assumption Agreement entered into by the Company and announced on December 23, 2022. This agreement provided for the sale of a branch and associated deposit liabilities at an agreed upon premium of 6.0% of the financial deposit balance transferred. The Company completed the sale of the subject branch on May 12, 2023.

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NOTE 14. CONTINGENCIES

The nature of the Company’s business generates a certain amount of litigation involving matters arising out of the ordinary course of business. Except as described below, in the opinion of management, there are no legal proceedings that might have a material effect on the results of operations, liquidity, or the financial position of the Company at this time.

After years of litigation, on December 7, 2022, the Company entered into a Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement (the "Settlement") to settle the putative class action lawsuit filed by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (“SEPTA”) in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania (the “Court”) against the Company, the Bank, certain current and former officers and directors of the Company and the Bank, the Company's former independent registered public accounting firm and the underwriters of the Company's March 2010 public offering of common stock asserting claims under the Federal securities laws. The Stipulation provided for a payment to the plaintiffs of $15.0 million, to which the Company contributed $13.0 million, a mutual release of claims against all parties, and a stipulation that the lawsuit would be dismissed with prejudice. On May 19, 2023, the Court issued an order which, among other things, gave final approval to the Stipulation and dismissed the lawsuit and all related claims with prejudice. The appeal period for this order expired on June 20, 2023, without any appeals having been filed.

On March 25, 2022, a customer of the Bank filed a putative class action complaint against the Bank in the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, in a case captioned Alleman, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, v. Orrstown Bank. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the Bank breached its account agreements by charging certain overdraft fees. The complaint seeks a refund of all allegedly improper fees, damages in an amount to be proven at trial, attorneys’ fees and costs, and an injunction against the Bank’s allegedly improper overdraft practices. This lawsuit is similar to lawsuits recently filed against other financial institutions pertaining to overdraft fee disclosures. The Bank believes that the allegations and claims against the Bank are without merit.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is intended to assist readers in understanding the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of Orrstown and should be read in conjunction with the preceding unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Throughout this discussion, the yield on earning assets is stated on a fully taxable-equivalent basis and balances represent average daily balances unless otherwise stated.

Overview

The Company, headquartered in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, is a one-bank holding company that has elected status as a financial holding company. The consolidated financial information presented herein reflects the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank. At June 30, 2023, the Company had total assets of $3.0 billion, total liabilities of $2.8 billion and total shareholders’ equity of $245.6 million.

Cautionary Note About Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements appearing herein, which are not historical in nature, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, we may make other written and oral communications, from time to time, that contain such statements. Such forward-looking statements reflect the current views of the Company's management with respect to, among other things, future events and the Company's financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “estimate,” “anticipate” or similar terms, or the negative variations of those words or other comparable words of a future or forward-looking nature. Forward-looking statements are statements that include projections, predictions, expectations, estimates or beliefs about events or results or otherwise are not statements of historical facts, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond the Company's control, and include, but are not limited to, statements related to new business development, new loan opportunities, growth in the balance sheet and fee-based revenue lines of business, merger and acquisition activity, cost savings initiatives, reducing risk assets, and mitigating losses in the future. Accordingly, the Company cautions you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements and there can be no assurances that the Company will achieve the desired level of new business development and new loans, growth in the balance sheet and fee-based revenue lines of business, successful merger and acquisition activity, cost savings initiatives, continue to reduce risk assets or mitigate losses in the future. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following: ineffectiveness of the Company’s strategic growth plan due to changes in current or future market conditions; the effects of competition and how it may impact our community banking model, including industry consolidation and development of competing financial products and services; the integration of the Company's strategic acquisitions; the inability to fully achieve expected savings, efficiencies or synergies from mergers and acquisitions, or taking longer than estimated for such savings, efficiencies and synergies to be realized; changes in laws and regulations; interest rate movements; changes in credit quality; inability to raise capital, if necessary, under favorable conditions; volatility in the securities markets; the demand for our products and services; deteriorating economic conditions; geopolitical tensions; operational risks including, but not limited to, cybersecurity incidents, fraud, natural disasters and future pandemics; expenses associated with pending litigation and legal proceedings; a continuation of the recent disruption in the banking industry and responsive measures to manage it; and other risks and uncertainties, including those detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q under the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in other filings made with the SEC. The statements are valid only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation to update this information.

Economic Climate, Inflation and Interest Rates

Preliminary real GDP for the second quarter of 2023 reflected an annualized increase of 2.4%, which is an improvement from 2.0% during the first quarter of 2023 and annualized decrease of 0.6% during the second quarter of 2022. The second quarter of 2023 reflected increases in consumer spending within various services and goods; nonresidential fixed investments in structures, equipment and intellectual property; and government spending due to increases in compensation and investment in structures, partially offset by decreases in exports and residential fixed investment. The decrease in the second quarter of 2022 was caused by decreases in private inventory investment, which includes retail trade on motor vehicles and general merchandise stores, and government spending, partially offset by increases in personal consumption, primarily within healthcare, travel, food services and accommodations.

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Fluctuations in real GDP in recent periods, due to inflation, credit conditions, supply chain challenges and geopolitical tensions, continues to create uncertainty in the current economic environment. The personal consumption expenditures ("PCE") price index increased by 3.0% in the second quarter of 2023, compared to an increase of 4.1% for the final estimate in the first quarter of 2023. Excluding food and energy prices, the PCE price index increased by 4.2% in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 4.6% in the first quarter of 2023, which factors may be a signal that inflation pressures are starting to ease.

The national unemployment rate increased slightly to 3.6% in June 2023 compared to 3.5% at March 2023, and was unchanged at 3.6% in March 2022. However, within the Company's geographic footprint, the unemployment rate has decreased considerably in Pennsylvania from 4.3% at June 2022 to 3.8% at June 2023, and decreased in Maryland from 3.2% at June 2022 to 2.0% in June 2023. These decreases in state-wide unemployment rates are consistent with those experienced by the counties in which the Company operates branches and other corporate offices. There continued to be notable job gains nationally in healthcare, leisure and hospitality, professional and business services and government during the second quarter of 2023.

At June 30, 2023, the 10-year Treasury bond yield was 3.81%. Although it has declined modestly from 3.83% at December 31, 2022, it remains elevated due to inflationary pressures. The 10-year Treasury bond yield was 2.98% at June 30, 2022. In an attempt to combat the impact of inflation, the rising consumer price index, supply chain disruptions, the state of the labor market and geopolitical tensions, the Federal Reserve Open Markets Committee ("FOMC") approved increases to the Fed Funds rate totaling 550 basis points since March 2022 through the date of this report.

The majority of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature and, therefore, differ greatly from most commercial and industrial companies that have significant investments in fixed assets or inventories. However, inflation does have an impact on the Company, particularly with respect to the growth of total assets and noninterest expenses, which tend to rise during periods of general inflation. Risks also exist due to supply and demand imbalances, employment shortages, the interest rate environment, and geopolitical tensions. It is reasonably foreseeable that estimates made in the financial statements could be materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of these conditions, including expected credit losses on loans and the fair value of financial instruments that are carried at fair value.

Recent Banking Industry Developments

Beginning in March 2023, the banking industry experienced disruption from the failures of multiple regional U.S. banking institutions, each due to unique circumstances related to risk management of liquidity, interest, and capital and associated stress on deposits and unrealized losses on investment securities. These events have led to a decline of confidence in the banking industry and overall economic uncertainty, which will likely increase regulatory oversight and policymaking and also increase competition and pricing on deposits. Although the Company was not materially impacted by these events during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company has continued to assess its funding sources and analyze its liquidity position, interest rate sensitivity and capital adequacy, while also monitoring the ongoing events and volatility in the banking industry.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The Company’s accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with GAAP and follow accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory authorities and general practices within the financial services industry in which it operates. Our financial position and results of operations are affected by management's application of accounting policies, including estimates, and assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates, assumptions, and judgments are based on information available as of the balance sheet date and through the date the financial statements are filed with the SEC. Different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in the consolidated financial position and/or consolidated results of operations and related disclosures. The more critical accounting estimates include accounting for credit losses and valuation methodologies. Accordingly, these critical accounting estimates are discussed in detail in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Significant accounting policies and any changes in accounting principles and effects of new accounting pronouncements are discussed in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Additional disclosures regarding the effects of new accounting pronouncements, ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02, are included in this report in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under Part I, Item 1, "Financial Information." Net income totaled $9.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $8.9 million for the same period in 2022.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three months ended June 30, 2023 compared with three months ended June 30, 2022

Summary

Diluted earnings per share for the three months ended June 30, 2023 totaled $0.94 compared to $0.83 for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Net interest income totaled $26.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $24.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, reflecting the deployment of cash into higher yielding commercial loans and investment securities and the impact of rising interest rates on interest-earning asset yields, partially offset by the impact of an increase in cost of funds and an increase in interest-bearing liabilities. Interest income recognized on SBA PPP loans totaled $66 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

The Bank continues to experience relatively low levels of net charge-offs and non-performing loans despite continued economic uncertainty. The provision for credit losses on loans totaled $399 thousand and $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company adopted the new accounting standard for CECL, which resulted in the change from the incurred loss model based on historical loss experience to the expected loss model, and reflects the expected credit losses over the expected life of financial assets and commitments.

Noninterest income totaled $7.2 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Although the total balance for noninterest income was unchanged, other income increased by $972 thousand primarily due to the impact from the sale of the Path Valley branch, which was partially offset by decreases in swap fee income of $589 thousand and mortgage banking activities of $386 thousand compared to the same period in the prior year.

Noninterest expenses totaled $20.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $18.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase of $1.9 million is primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits expense of $1.7 million.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income increased by $2.3 million from $24.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $26.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Interest income on loans increased by $9.2 million, from $22.0 million to $31.2 million, and interest income on investment securities increased by $2.2 million, from $3.1 million to $5.3 million, compared to the same period in the prior year. Total interest expense increased by $9.3 million from $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $10.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Interest expense on deposits increased by $7.9 million from $701 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $8.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and interest expense on borrowings increased by $1.4 million from $531 thousand from three months ended June 30, 2022 to $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

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The following table presents net interest income, net interest spread and net interest margin for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 on a taxable-equivalent basis:


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023						Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Average Balance		Taxable- Equivalent Interest		Taxable- Equivalent Rate		Average Balance		Taxable- Equivalent Interest		Taxable- Equivalent Rate
Assets
Federal funds sold & interest-bearing bank balances	$	37,895	$	418	4.42	%	$	131,449	$	235	0.72	%


Investment securities (1)	526,225		5,510		4.19		523,940		3,388		2.59


Loans (1)(2)(3)	2,233,312		31,329		5.63		2,008,283		22,090		4.41
Total interest-earning assets	2,797,432		37,257		5.34		2,663,672		25,713		3.87


Other assets	191,983						192,561

Total assets	$	2,989,415					$	2,856,233
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	1,511,468	6,273		1.66		$	1,420,051	301		0.09
Savings deposits	204,584		135		0.26		236,916		63		0.11
Time deposits	326,034		2,200		2.71		275,408		337		0.49
Total interest-bearing deposits	2,042,086		8,608		1.69		1,932,375		701		0.15
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased	13,685		28		0.82		24,045		7		0.11
FHLB advances and other borrowings	132,094		1,386		4.21		1,741		21		4.74
Subordinated notes	32,049		504		6.29		31,985		503		6.29
Total interest-bearing liabilities	2,219,914		10,526		1.90		1,990,146		1,232		0.25
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	476,123						572,171
Other liabilities	50,851						47,190
Total liabilities	2,746,888						2,609,507
Shareholders’ equity	242,527						246,726
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	2,989,415					$	2,856,233
Taxable-equivalent net interest income /net interest spread			26,731		3.44	%			24,481		3.62	%
Taxable-equivalent net interest margin					3.83	%					3.68	%
Taxable-equivalent adjustment			(356)						(363)
Net interest income			$	26,375					$	24,118


NOTES TO ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME:
(1)			Yields and interest income on tax-exempt assets have been computed on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a 21% tax rate.
(2)			Average balances include nonaccrual loans.
(3)			Interest income on loans includes prepayment and late fees, where applicable.

Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis increased by $2.2 million to $26.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $24.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The Company's net interest spread decreased by 18 basis points to 3.44% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to 3.62% for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Taxable-equivalent net interest margin increased by 15 basis points to 3.83% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from 3.68% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The taxable-equivalent yield on interest-earning assets increased by 147 basis points from 3.87% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to 5.34% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, reflecting the benefit of both the deployment of cash into higher yielding loans and investment securities and the impact of rising interest rates on these interest-earning assets. This increase in yield was partially offset by the increase of 165 basis points in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities between these same periods due to increased funding costs from higher market interest rates, competitive pressures and an increase in higher cost borrowings.

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Average loans increased by $225.0 million to $2.2 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $2.0 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in average loans was due to loan production, partially offset by the impact of SBA PPP loan forgiveness activity. Average investment securities increased by $2.3 million from $523.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $526.2 million for the same period in 2023 primarily due to investment purchases, partially offset by paydowns. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $229.8 million to $2.2 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $2.0 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The competition for deposits increased in the latter part of 2022 and into the first half of 2023, which was coupled with clients utilizing their funds at a higher frequency. Therefore, additional liquidity was needed to meet the credit demands of clients, which resulted in an increase in average borrowings.

The yield on loans increased by 122 basis points to 5.63% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to 4.41% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Taxable-equivalent interest income earned on loans increased by $9.2 million year-over-year due to an increase in the average balance of commercial loans, excluding SBA PPP loan forgiveness activity, home equity loans and residential mortgages and from the impact of the rising interest rate environment. The increase in interest income from loan growth and higher interest rates was partially offset by the decrease of $1.8 million in interest income from SBA PPP loans due to a significantly lower amount of forgiveness activity during the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.

The average balance of commercial loans, excluding SBA PPP loan forgiveness activity, increased by $244.3 million from $1.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $1.8 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023. SBA PPP loans, net of deferred fees and costs, averaged $72.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $9.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. This decrease was due to forgiveness of SBA PPP loans. Average residential mortgage loans increased by $33.9 million from $203.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $237.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 due primarily to jumbo and adjustable-rate mortgage loans originated for the portfolio. Average home equity loans increased by $16.7 million from $171.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $188.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Average installment and other consumer loans decreased by $6.6 million from $26.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $20.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, interest income on loans includes $66 thousand of interest and net deferred fee income associated with SBA PPP loans compared to $1.9 million of such interest and fee income for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Prepayment income on commercial loans decreased by $195 thousand from $398 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $203 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Accretion of purchase accounting adjustments included in interest income was $215 thousand and $429 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in accretion was partially due to a decline in accelerated accretion from acquired loan payoffs or significant payments. The three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 included $80 thousand and $323 thousand, respectively, of accelerated accretion.

Interest income on investment securities on a tax-equivalent basis increased by $2.1 million to $5.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, with the taxable equivalent yield increasing from 2.59% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to 4.19% for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase of 160 basis points reflected the higher interest rate environment since March 2022 and the impact of investment security purchases at higher yields. The average balance of investment securities increased by $2.3 million to $526.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $523.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. There were no investment security sales during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

The average balance of federal funds sold and interest-bearing bank balances decreased by $93.5 million from $131.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $37.9 million for the same period in 2023 due primarily to the deployment of cash into loans and investment securities. However, the related interest income on a tax-equivalent basis increased by $183 thousand to $418 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $235 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2022. This increase was the result of multiple Federal Funds rate increases by the FOMC since March 2022.

Interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities increased by $9.3 million year-over-year due to the increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities by 165 basis points from 0.25% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to 1.90% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as funding costs increased from higher market interest rates, competitive pressures and an increase in higher cost borrowings. During the second quarter of 2023, average interest-bearing demand deposits increased by $91.4 million and average time deposits increased by $50.6 million as clients sought higher-yielding products during the rising interest rate environment.

Interest expense on borrowings increased by $1.4 million to $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $531 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2022, as the cost of borrowings increased by 65 basis points to 4.32% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from 3.67% for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

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Average borrowings increased by $120.0 million from $57.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $177.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as the Bank opted to borrow funds to provide additional liquidity to meet the credit needs of its clients.

Provision for Credit Losses

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $399 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $1.8 million for the same period in 2022. On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the new accounting standard, referred to as CECL, which transitioned from the incurred loss model based on historical loss experience and economic and market conditions to the expected loss model. The CECL standard reflects expected credit losses over the expected life of the financial assets and commitments, primarily based on the DCF methodology for the majority of the loan segments, which applies the probability of default and loss given default factors to future cash flows, and adjusts to the net present value to derive the required reserve. Macroeconomic conditions are incorporated into the model for unemployment and gross domestic product, in addition to model assumptions for discount rate and prepayment and curtailment speeds.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the provision for credit losses was driven by the increase of $20.3 million in commercial loans, excluding SBA PPP loan forgiveness activity, and an increase in the Delinquency and Classified Loan Trends qualitative factor for the commercial & industrial and owner-occupied commercial real estate loan classes. The change in this qualitative factor was based on a recent trend of increases in loans downgraded to the special mention risk rating. This resulted in an increase to the ACL of $461 thousand. In addition, the provision for credit losses is impacted by the change in expected loss rates under CECL. Favorable published trends in unemployment and GDP rates impacted the extent of provisioning required in the second quarter of 2023. The ALL to total loan ratio increased from 1.15% at June 30, 2022 to an ACL to total loan ratio of 1.27% at June 30, 2023, which the increase is primarily due to the cumulative effect adjustment recorded in connect with the adoption of CECL. The provision expense recorded in the three months ended June 30, 2022 was due to commercial loan growth, excluding SBA PPP loan forgiveness activity, of $125.9 million.

Net charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2023 totaled $380 thousand, compared to net charge-offs of $4 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in net charge-offs was due primarily to one commercial loan with a partial charge-off of $389 thousand. Nonaccrual loans were 0.94% of gross loans at June 30, 2023, compared with 0.27% of gross loans at June 30, 2022. Nonaccrual loans increased by $15.7 million from June 30, 2022 to June 30, 2023, primarily due to one commercial and land development construction-to-permanent ("CTP") loan with a current outstanding balance of $14.8 million being downgraded to substandard and placed on non-accrual status in the fourth quarter of 2022. While the loan had not been past due, management determined that it was appropriate to place the loan on non-accrual status due to other relevant factors. At this time, management believes that the value of the underlying collateral is sufficient to cover any potential losses on this loan. Management does not believe that this credit is indicative of overall stress in the loan portfolio. During the second quarter of 2023, the project underlying this CTP loan received its certificate of occupancy, which resulted in the recharacterization of the loan from commercial and land development to owner-occupied.

Additional information is included in the "Credit Risk Management" section herein.

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Noninterest Income

The following table compares noninterest income for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2023		2022		2023-2022		2023-2022
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	984	$	964	$	20	2.1	%
Interchange income	993		1,064		(71)		(6.7)	%
Other service charges, commissions and fees	267		230		37		16.1	%
Swap fee income	196		785		(589)		(75.0)	%
Trust and investment management income	1,927		1,905		22		1.2	%
Brokerage income	895		989		(94)		(9.5)	%
Mortgage banking activities	112		498		(386)		(77.5)	%

Income from life insurance	645		593		52		8.8	%
Other income	1,141		169		972		575.1	%
Investment securities losses	(2)		(3)		1		33.3	%
Total noninterest income	$	7,158	$	7,194	$	(36)	(0.5)	%

Noninterest income decreased by $36 thousand between the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The following were significant factors in this decrease:

•Swap fee income, which will fluctuate based on market conditions and client demand, decreased $589 thousand.

•Brokerage income, which will fluctuate based on market conditions, decreased $94 thousand.

•Mortgage banking income decreased by $386 thousand due primarily to a decline in gains on sale of held-for-sale mortgages caused by market conditions, which included elevated interest rates compared to the prior year. The difficult mortgage market has caused a slowdown in residential mortgage loan production and a shift from conventional fixed-rate mortgages to adjustable-rate products, thereby causing corresponding reductions in the residential mortgage loan pipeline and secondary market sales year-over-year. Mortgage loans sold totaled $5.1 million in the second quarter of 2023 compared to $22.6 million in the second quarter of 2022. The increase in mortgage interest rates resulted in a decline to the fair value mark of the Bank's held-for-sale loans of $225 thousand from the three months ended June 30, 2022 to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

•Other income increased by $972 thousand due primarily to a gain of $1.2 million from the sale of the Bank's Path Valley branch.

•Other line items within noninterest income showed fluctuations attributable to normal business operations.

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Noninterest Expenses

The following table compares noninterest expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2023		2022		2023-2022		2023-2022
Salaries and employee benefits	$	13,054	$	11,312	$	1,742	15.4	%
Occupancy	1,054		1,132		(78)		(6.9)	%
Furniture and equipment	1,212		1,291		(79)		(6.1)	%
Data processing	1,201		1,165		36		3.1	%

Automated teller machine and interchange fees	308		318		(10)		(3.1)	%
Advertising and bank promotions	919		881		38		4.3	%
FDIC insurance	519		190		329		173.2	%

Professional services	504		722		(218)		(30.2)	%
Directors' compensation	221		230		(9)		(3.9)	%


Taxes other than income	3		108		(105)		(97.2)	%
Intangible asset amortization	239		281		(42)		(14.9)	%




Other operating expenses	1,515		1,164		351		30.2	%
Total noninterest expenses	$	20,749	$	18,794	$	1,955	10.4	%

Noninterest expense increased by $1.9 million from $18.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $20.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The following were significant factors in this increase:

•Salaries and employee benefits expense increased by $1.7 million due primarily to staff additions that filled vacancies, merit increases, higher employee benefit costs from increased claims volume and employee severance costs.

•Occupancy expenses decreased by $78 thousand due partially to operating efficiencies from branch closures.

•FDIC insurance expense increased by $329 thousand due to increases in the assessment rate caused by an annualized two-basis point increase assessed by the FDIC to increase its deposit insurance fund, as well as growth in commercial loans and overall assets.

•Professional services expenses decreased by $218 thousand due to a reduction in consulting services.

•Taxes other than income decreased by $105 thousand due to a decrease in the Pennsylvania Bank Shares Tax expense, which was driven by a decrease in the Bank's total equity balance from the increase in unrealized losses on investment securities and charges in the third quarter of 2022 for a provision for legal settlement and restructuring expenses.

•Other operating expenses increased by $351 thousand due to increases in loan-related costs of $215 thousand, customer fraud losses of $64 thousand, and credit valuation adjustments on derivatives of $45 thousand.

•Other line items within noninterest expenses showed fluctuations attributable to normal business operations.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense totaled $2.5 million, an effective tax rate of 20.6%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared with $1.9 million and an effective tax rate of 17.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The Company’s effective tax rate is less than the 21% federal statutory rate due to tax-exempt income, including interest earned on tax-exempt loans and investment securities and income from life insurance policies, as well as tax credits, partially offset by disallowed interest expense and state income taxes. The increase in the effective tax rate from the three months ended June 30, 2022 to the three months ended June 30, 2023 was primarily due to an increase in projected taxable income for the 2023 fiscal year compared to the prior year, which was impacted by a portion of interest expense disallowed as a deduction against earnings under the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 ("TEFRA").

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Six months ended June 30, 2023 compared with six months ended June 30, 2022

Summary

Net income totaled $19.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $17.2 million for the same period in 2022. Diluted earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2023 totaled $1.82 compared to $1.59 for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Net interest income totaled $52.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $46.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, reflecting the deployment of cash into higher yielding commercial loans and investment securities and the impact of rising interest rates on interest-earning asset yields, partially offset by the impact of an increase in cost of funds and an increase in interest-bearing liabilities. Interest income recognized on SBA PPP loans totaled $147 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $5.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

The Bank continues to experience relatively low levels of net charge-offs and non-performing loans despite continued economic uncertainty. The provision for credit losses on loans totaled $1.1 million and $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company adopted the new accounting standard for CECL, which resulted in the change from the incurred loss model based on historical loss experience to the expected loss model, and reflects the expected credit losses over the expected life of financial assets and commitments.

Noninterest income totaled $13.2 million and $14.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease of $1.5 million was primarily due to a decrease in swap fee income of $1.5 million, which was partially offset by the impact from the sale of the Path Valley branch.

Noninterest expenses totaled $41.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $38.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase of $2.8 million is primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits expense of $2.6 million.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income increased by $6.0 million from $46.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $52.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Interest income on loans increased by $16.5 million, from $43.4 million to $59.9 million, and interest income on investment securities increased by $5.1 million, from $5.4 million to $10.5 million, compared to the same period in the prior year. Total interest expense increased by $16.1 million from $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $18.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Interest expense on deposits increased by $13.4 million from $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $14.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and interest expense on borrowings increased by $2.6 million from $1.1 million from six months ended June 30, 2022 to $3.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

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The following table presents net interest income, net interest spread and net interest margin for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 on a taxable-equivalent basis:


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023						Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Average Balance		Taxable- Equivalent Interest		Taxable- Equivalent Rate		Average Balance		Taxable- Equivalent Interest		Taxable- Equivalent Rate
Assets
Federal funds sold & interest-bearing bank balances	$	33,770	$	716	4.27	%	$	165,430	$	336	0.41	%


Investment securities (1)	525,957		10,975		4.19		498,210		5,900		2.37


Loans (1)(2)(3)	2,206,914		60,173		5.49		1,991,636		43,519		4.40
Total interest-earning assets	2,766,641		71,864		5.23		2,655,276		49,755		3.77


Other assets	194,786						188,454

Total	$	2,961,427					$	2,843,730
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	1,507,467	11,135		1.49		$	1,409,177	557		0.08
Savings deposits	211,955		268		0.25		232,322		120		0.10
Time deposits	301,095		3,407		2.28		286,949		709		0.50
Total interest-bearing deposits	2,020,517		14,810		1.48		1,928,448		1,386		0.14
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased	13,776		53		0.77		23,789		14		0.12
FHLB Advances and other borrowings	119,335		2,638		4.46		1,795		43		4.74
Subordinated notes	32,041		1,008		6.29		31,977		1,006		6.29
Total interest-bearing liabilities	2,185,669		18,509		1.71		1,986,009		2,449		0.25
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	485,789						556,243
Other liabilities	51,736						44,072
Total liabilities	2,723,194						2,586,324
Shareholders’ equity	238,233						257,406
Total	$	2,961,427					$	2,843,730
Taxable-equivalent net interest income / net interest spread			53,355		3.52	%			47,307		3.52	%
Taxable-equivalent net interest margin					3.88	%					3.59	%
Taxable-equivalent adjustment			(686)						(615)
Net interest income			$	52,669					$	46,692


NOTES TO ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME:
(1)			Yields and interest income on tax-exempt assets have been computed on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a 21% tax rate.
(2)			Average balances include nonaccrual loans.
(3)			Interest income on loans includes prepayment and late fees, where applicable.

Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis increased by $6.1 million to $53.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $47.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Company's net interest spread was 3.52% for both the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Taxable-equivalent net interest margin increased by 29 basis points to 3.88% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from 3.59% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The taxable-equivalent yield on interest-earning assets increased by 146 basis points from 3.77% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to 5.23% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 reflecting the benefit of both the deployment of cash into higher yielding loans and investment securities and the impact of rising interest rates on these interest-earning assets. This increase in yield was partially offset by the increase of 146 basis points in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities between these same periods due to increased funding costs from higher market interest rates, competitive pressures and an increase in higher cost borrowings.

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Average loans increased by $215.3 million to $2.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $2.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in average loans was due to loan growth, partially offset by the impact of SBA PPP loan forgiveness activity. Average investment securities increased by $27.8 million from $498.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $526.0 million for the same period in 2023 primarily due to investment purchases, partially offset by paydowns. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $199.7 million to $2.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $2.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The competition for deposits increased in the latter part of 2022 and into the first quarter of 2023, which was coupled with clients utilizing their funds at a higher frequency. Therefore, additional liquidity was needed to meet the credit demands of clients, which resulted in an increase in average borrowings.

The yield on loans increased by 109 basis points to 5.49% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to 4.40% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Taxable-equivalent interest income earned on loans increased by $16.7 million year-over-year due to an increase in the average balance of commercial loans, excluding SBA PPP loan forgiveness activity, home equity loans and residential mortgages and from the impact of the rising interest rate environment. The increase in interest income from loan growth and higher interest rates was partially offset by the decrease of $5.2 million in interest income from SBA PPP loans due to significantly less forgiveness activity during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.

The average balance of commercial loans, excluding SBA PPP loan forgiveness activity, increased by $270.1 million from $1.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $1.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023. SBA PPP loans, net of deferred fees and costs, averaged $113.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $10.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. This decrease was due to forgiveness of SBA PPP loans. Average residential mortgage loans increased by $35.7 million from $199.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $235.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to jumbo and adjustable-rate mortgage loans originated for the portfolio. Average home equity loans increased by $19.6 million from $167.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $187.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Average installment and other consumer loans decreased by $7.2 million from $28.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $20.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, interest income on loans includes $147 thousand of interest and net deferred fee income associated with SBA PPP loans compared to $5.4 million of such interest and fee income for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Prepayment income on commercial loans decreased by $249 thousand from $523 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $274 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Accretion of purchase accounting adjustments included in interest income was $454 thousand and $810 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in accretion was partially due to a decline in accelerated accretion from acquired loan payoffs or significant payments. The six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 included $182 thousand and $583 thousand, respectively, of accelerated accretion.

Interest income on investment securities on a tax-equivalent basis increased by $5.1 million to $11.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $5.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, with the taxable equivalent yield increasing from 2.37% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to 4.19% for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The 182 basis point increase reflected the higher interest rate environment since March 2022, as well as higher balances. Investment security purchases were at higher yields, primarily in the second half of 2022. The average balance of investment securities increased by $27.8 million to $526.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $498.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. There were no investment security sales during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

The average balance of federal funds sold and interest-bearing bank balances decreased by $131.6 million from $165.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $33.8 million for the same period in 2023, due primarily to the deployment of cash into loans and investment securities. However, the related interest income on a tax-equivalent basis increased by $380 thousand to $716 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $336 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2022. This increase was the result of multiple Federal Funds rate increases by the FOMC since March 2022.

Interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities increased by $16.1 million year-over-year due to the increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities by 146 basis points from 0.25% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to 1.71% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as funding costs increased from higher market interest rates, competitive pressures and an increase in higher cost borrowings. In addition, the average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased by $92.1 million to $2.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $1.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Average interest-bearing demand deposits increased by $98.3 million and average time deposits increased $14.1 million as clients sought higher-yielding products during the rising interest rate environment.

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Interest expense on borrowings increased by $2.6 million to $3.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, as the cost of borrowings increased by 82 basis points to 4.51% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from 3.69% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Average borrowings increasing by $107.6 million from $57.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $165.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as the Bank opted to borrow funds to provide additional liquidity to meet the credit needs of its clients.

Provision for Credit Losses

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $2.1 million for the same period in 2022. On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the new accounting standard, referred to as CECL, which transitioned from the incurred loss model based on historical loss experience and economic and market conditions to the expected loss model. The CECL standard reflects expected credit losses over the expected life of the financial assets and commitments, primarily based on the DCF methodology for the majority of the loan segments, which applies the probability of default and loss given default factors to future cash flows, and adjusts to the net present value to derive the required reserve. Macroeconomic conditions are incorporated into the model for unemployment and gross domestic product, in addition to model assumptions for discount rate and prepayment and curtailment speeds.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the provision for credit losses was driven by the increase of $83.5 million in commercial loans, excluding SBA PPP loan forgiveness activity, and an increase in the Delinquency and Classified Loan Trends qualitative factor for the commercial & industrial and owner-occupied commercial real estate loan classes. The change in this qualitative factor was based on a recent trend of increases in loans downgraded to the special mention risk rating. The change in qualitative factor resulted in an increase to the ACL of $461 thousand. In addition, the provision for credit losses is impacted by the overall increase in expected loss rates under CECL. However, favorable published trends in unemployment and GDP rates impacted the extent of provisioning required in the second quarter of 2023. The ALL to total loan ratio increased from 1.15% at June 30, 2022 to an ACL to total loan ratio of 1.27% at June 30, 2023, which the increase is primarily due to the cumulative effect adjustment recorded in connect with the adoption of CECL. The provision expense recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2022 under the incurred loss model was due to commercial loan growth of $185.6 million, excluding SBA PPP forgiveness activity, offset by a reduction in the National and Local Economic Conditions qualitative factor that decreased the provision expense by $726 thousand. This factor had been increased previously for economic concerns in the commercial real estate portfolio associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The additional allocation was removed during the first quarter of 2022 as these concerns had subsided.

Net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023 totaled $346 thousand, compared to net recoveries of $24 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in net charge-offs was due primarily to one commercial loan with a partial charge-off of $389 thousand. Nonaccrual loans were 0.94% of gross loans at June 30, 2023, compared with 0.27% of gross loans at June 30, 2022. Nonaccrual loans increased by $15.7 million from June 30, 2022 to June 30, 2023, primarily due to one commercial and land development CTP loan with a current outstanding balance of $14.8 million being downgraded to substandard and placed on non-accrual status in the fourth quarter of 2022. While the loan had not been past due, management determined that it was appropriate to place the loan on non-accrual status due to other relevant factors. At this time, management believes that the value of the underlying collateral is sufficient to cover any potential losses on this loan. Management does not believe that this credit is indicative of overall stress in the loan portfolio. During the second quarter of 2023, the project underlying this CTP loan received its certificate of occupancy, which resulted in the recharacterization of the loan from commercial and land development to owner-occupied.

Additional information is included in the "Credit Risk Management" section herein.

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Noninterest Income

The following table compares noninterest income for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Six Months Ended June 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2023		2022		2023-2022		2023-2022
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	1,946	$	1,884	$	62	3.3	%
Interchange income	1,958		2,045		(87)		(4.3)	%
Other service charges, commissions and fees	462		383		79		20.6	%
Swap fee income	196		1,738		(1,542)		(88.7)	%
Trust and investment management income	3,815		3,846		(31)		(0.8)	%
Brokerage income	1,754		1,917		(163)		(8.5)	%
Mortgage banking activities	590		1,219		(629)		(51.6)	%

Income from life insurance	1,235		1,159		76		6.6	%
Other income	1,290		626		664		106.1	%
Investment securities losses	(10)		(149)		139		93.3	%
Total noninterest income	$	13,236	$	14,668	$	(1,432)	(9.8)	%

Noninterest income decreased by $1.4 million from $14.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $13.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The following were significant factors in this decrease:

•Other service charges, commissions and fees increased by $79 thousand due to changes to the deposit fee structure that took effect in April 2022 and an increase in loan-related fees related to loan and letter of credit activity.

•Swap fee income decreased $1.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, as swap fee income will fluctuate based on market conditions and client demand.

•Brokerage income declined by $163 thousand due to stock market declines.

•Mortgage banking income decreased by $629 thousand due primarily to a decline in gains on sale of held-for-sale mortgages caused by market conditions, which included elevated interest rates compared to the prior year. The difficult mortgage market has caused a slowdown in residential mortgage loan production and a shift from conventional fixed-rate mortgages to adjustable-rate products, thereby causing corresponding reductions in the residential mortgage loan pipeline and secondary market sales year-over-year. Mortgage loans sold totaled $14.7 million in the first half of 2023 compared to $54.5 million in the first half of 2022. In addition, the Company recorded an MSR valuation reserve reversal of $79 thousand in the six months ended June 30, 2022. Since the second quarter of 2022, there has been no MSR valuation reserve.

•Other income increased by $664 thousand due primarily to a gain of $1.2 million from the sale of the Bank's Path Valley branch, partially offset by gains on the sales of SBA loans in the six months ended June 30, 2022 totaling $306 thousand.

•Investment securities losses decreased by $139 thousand due primarily to a loss of $171 thousand during the first half of 2022 recorded on one non-agency CMO security, which was called at a price below par. The loss during the first half of 2022 was partially offset by a gain of $22 thousand from the sale of one security with a principal balance of $3.1 million. The Company did not sell any investment securities during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

•Other line items within noninterest income showed fluctuations attributable to normal business operations.

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Noninterest Expenses

The following table compares noninterest expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Six Months Ended June 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2023		2022		2023-2022		2023-2022
Salaries and employee benefits	$	25,250	$	22,649	$	2,601	11.5	%
Occupancy	2,160		2,420		(260)		(10.7)	%
Furniture and equipment	2,439		2,570		(131)		(5.1)	%
Data processing	2,418		2,218		200		9.0	%

Automated teller machine and interchange fees	606		623		(17)		(2.7)	%
Advertising and bank promotions	1,324		1,236		88		7.1	%
FDIC insurance	1,023		473		550		116.3	%

Professional services	1,238		1,530		(292)		(19.1)	%
Directors' compensation	468		461		7		1.5	%


Taxes other than income	460		672		(212)		(31.5)	%
Intangible asset amortization	489		573		(84)		(14.7)	%




Other operating expenses	3,129		2,733		396		14.5	%
Total noninterest expenses	$	41,004	$	38,158	$	2,846	7.5	%

Noninterest expense increased by $2.8 million from $38.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $41.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The following were significant factors in this increase:

•Salaries and employee benefits expense increased by $2.6 million due primarily to staff additions that filled vacancies, merit and share-based compensation expense increases, higher employee benefit costs from increased claims volume and employee severance costs.

•Occupancy expenses and furniture and equipment expenses decreased by $260 thousand and $131 thousand, respectively, due primarily to operating efficiencies from branch closures.

•Data processing increased by $200 thousand due primarily to an increase in core system costs and investments in new technology as the Company focuses on the evolving needs of its clients.

•FDIC insurance expense increased by $550 thousand due to increases in the assessment rate caused by an annualized two-basis point increase assessed by the FDIC to increase its deposit insurance fund, commercial loans and overall assets.

•Professional services expense decreased by $292 thousand due to a reduction in consulting services.

•Taxes other than income decreased by $212 thousand due to a decrease in the Pennsylvania Bank Shares Tax expense, which was driven by a decrease in the Bank's total equity balance from the increase in unrealized losses on investment securities and charges in the third quarter of 2022 for a provision for legal settlement and restructuring expenses.

•Other operating expenses increased by $396 thousand due to an increase in expenses from credit valuation adjustments on derivatives of $252 thousand, and increases in loan-related costs of $105 thousand and customer fraud losses of $89 thousand.

•Other line items within noninterest expenses showed fluctuations attributable to normal business operations.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense totaled $4.8 million, an effective tax rate of 20.1%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared with $3.9 million and an effective tax rate of 18.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Company’s effective tax rate is less than the 21% federal statutory rate due to tax-exempt income, including interest earned on tax-exempt loans and investment securities and income from life insurance policies, as well as tax credits, partially offset by disallowed interest expense and state income taxes. The increase in the effective tax rate from the six months ended June 30, 2022 to the six months ended June 30, 2023 was primarily due to an increase in projected taxable income for the 2023 fiscal year compared to the prior year, which was impacted by a portion of interest expense disallowed as a deduction against earnings under TEFRA.

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FINANCIAL CONDITION

Management devotes substantial time to overseeing the investment of funds in loans and investment securities, the costs of funds and the formulation of policies directed toward the profitability and management of the risks associated with these investments.

Investment Securities

The Company utilizes investment securities to manage interest rate risk, enhance income through interest and dividend income, provide liquidity and collateralize certain deposits and borrowings.

The Company has established investment policies and an asset management policy to assist in administering its investment portfolio. Decisions to purchase or sell these securities are based on economic conditions and management’s strategy to respond to changes in interest rates, liquidity, pledges to secure deposits and repurchase agreements and other factors while trying to maximize return on the investments. The Company may segregate its investment portfolio into three categories: “securities available-for-sale,” “trading securities” and “securities held-to-maturity.”

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the new CECL standard in accordance with ASU 2016-13, which changed the accounting framework by replacing the other-than-temporary impairment assessment with the recognition of an allowance for credit losses. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, management has classified the entire investment securities portfolio as AFS, which is accounted for at current market value with non-credit losses and gains reported in OCI, net of income taxes, and declines due to credit factors recorded in earnings through an ACL on the AFS securities.

The Company's investment securities portfolio includes debt investments that are subject to varying degrees of credit and market risks, which arise from general market conditions, and factors impacting specific industries, as well as news that may impact specific issues. Management monitors its debt securities, using various indicators in determining whether unrealized losses on debt securities are credit related and require an ACL. These indicators include the amount of time the security has been in an unrealized loss position, the cause and extent of the unrealized loss, and the credit quality of the issuer and underlying assets. In addition, management assesses whether it is likely the Company will have to sell the security prior to recovery, or it expects to be able to hold the security until the price recovers. The Company determined that the declines in market value were due to increases in interest rates and market movements, and not due to credit factors. The Company does not intend to sell these securities with unrealized losses and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for the AFS securities do not require an ACL at June 30, 2023. Under the prior OTTI framework, the Company did not record any cumulative OTTI expense as of December 31, 2022.

At June 30, 2023, AFS securities totaled $508.6 million, a decrease of $5.1 million, from $513.7 million at December 31, 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company purchased $5.3 million of agency MBS and CMO, $3.3 million of non-agency CMO and $1.0 million in asset-backed securities. The Company did not sell any investment securities during the first half of 2023. The balance of investment securities included net unrealized losses of $43.6 million at June 30, 2023 compared to net unrealized losses of $49.6 million at December 31, 2022. This decrease in net unrealized losses of $6.0 million was primarily due to lower treasury rates and wider credit spreads during the first half of 2023. The overall duration of the Company's investment securities portfolio is 4.6 years at June 30, 2023. The Company has sufficient access to liquidity such that management does not believe it would be necessary to sell any of its investment securities at a loss to offset any unexpected deposit outflows. Management believes the structure of the Company's investment portfolio is appropriately aligned with the rest of the balance sheet to protect against significant and unexpected charges against earnings and capital.

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The following table summarizes the credit ratings and collateral associated with the Company's investment portfolio, excluding equity securities, at June 30, 2023:


Sector	Portfolio Mix		Amortized Book Value		Fair Value		Credit Enhancement		AAA		AA		A		BBB		NR		Collateral / Guarantee Type
Unsecured ABS	1	%	$	4,331	$	3,761	32	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	100	%	Unsecured Consumer Debt
Student Loan ABS	1		6,171		6,024		27		—		—		—		—		100		Seasoned Student Loans
Federal Family Education Loan ABS	19		104,657		102,466		8		89		11		—		—		—		Federal Family Education Loan (1)
PACE Loan ABS	—		2,585		2,209		6		100		—		—		—		—		PACE Loans
Non-Agency CMBS	4		23,888		23,953		19		—		—		—		—		100
Non-Agency RMBS	3		16,789		13,100		14		100		—		—		—		—		Reverse Mortgages (2)
Municipal - General Obligation	19		104,526		94,355				4		90		6		—		—
Municipal - Revenue	22		120,251		107,226				—		82		12		—		6
SBA ReRemic	1		4,182		4,133				—		100		—		—		—		SBA Guarantee (3)
Small Business Administration	2		9,595		10,226				—		100		—		—		—		SBA Guarantee (3)
Agency MBS	24		135,067		123,668				—		100		—		—		—		Residential Mortgages (3)
U.S. Treasury securities	4		20,064		17,373				—		100		—		—		—		U.S. Government Guarantee (3)

	100	%	$	552,106	$	508,494			21	%	67	%	4	%	—	%	8	%

(1) Minimum of 97% guaranteed by U.S. government
(2) Non-agency reverse mortgages with current structural credit enhancements
(3) Guaranteed by U.S. government or U.S. government agencies



Note : Ratings in table are the lowest of the six rating agencies (Standard & Poor's, Moody's, Fitch, Morningstar, DBRS and Kroll Bond Rating Agency). Standard & Poor's rates U.S. government obligations at AA+.

Loan Portfolio

The Company offers a variety of products to meet the credit needs of its borrowers, principally commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, retail loans secured by residential properties, and, to a lesser extent, installment loans. No loans are extended to non-domestic borrowers or governments.

The risks associated with lending activities differ among loan segments and classes and are subject to the impact of changes in interest rates, market conditions of collateral securing the loans and general economic conditions. Any of these factors may adversely impact a borrower’s ability to repay loans, and also impact the associated collateral.

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A further discussion on the Company's loan segments and classes and related risks and the Company's implementation of the new accounting standards for expected credit losses, referred to as CECL, and financial difficulty modifications are included in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 3, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under Part I, Item 1, "Financial Information." The following table presents the loan portfolio, excluding residential LHFS, by segment and class at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial real estate: Owner occupied $ 366,439 $ 315,770 Non-owner occupied 626,140 608,043 Multi-family 145,257 138,832 Non-owner occupied residential 105,504 104,604 Acquisition and development: 1-4 family residential construction 20,461 25,068 Commercial and land development 143,177 158,308 Commercial and industrial (1) 379,905 357,774 Municipal 10,638 12,173 Residential mortgage: First lien 235,813 229,849 Home equity - term 5,228 5,505 Home equity - lines of credit 185,099 183,241 Installment and other loans 10,756 12,065 $ 2,234,417 $ 2,151,232

(1) This balance includes $7.2 million and $13.8 million of SBA PPP loans, net of deferred fees and costs, at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Total loans increased by $83.2 million from December 31, 2022 to June 30, 2023. This increase is due to growth in commercial loans of $83.5 million and first lien residential mortgages held in portfolio of $6.0 million, partially offset by decrease of $6.6 million in SBA PPP loans due to loan forgiveness during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Asset Quality

Risk Elements

The Company’s loan portfolio is subject to varying degrees of credit risk. Credit risk is managed through the Company's underwriting standards, on-going credit reviews, and monitoring of asset quality measures. Additionally, loan portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to a single industry or borrower, and collateral requirements also mitigate the Company's risk of credit loss.

The loan portfolio consists principally of loans to borrowers in south central Pennsylvania and the greater Baltimore, Maryland region. As the majority of loans are concentrated in these geographic regions, a substantial portion of the borrowers' ability to honor their obligations may be affected by the level of economic activity in the market areas.

Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans and foreclosed real estate. In addition, loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing are also deemed to be risk assets. For all loan classes, the accrual of interest income generally ceases when principal or interest is past due 90 days or more and collateral is inadequate to cover principal and interest or immediately if, in the opinion of management, full collection is unlikely. Interest will continue to accrue on loans past due 90 days or more if the collateral is adequate to cover principal and interest, and the loan is in the process of collection. Interest accrued, but not collected, as of the date of placement on nonaccrual status, is generally reversed and charged against interest income, unless fully collateralized. Subsequent payments received are either applied to the outstanding principal balance or recorded as interest income, depending on management’s assessment of the ultimate collectability of principal. Loans are returned to accrual status, for all loan classes, when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, the loans have performed in accordance with the contractual terms of the note for a reasonable period of time, generally six months, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured. Past due status is based on contract terms of the loan.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, loans, the terms of which are modified, were classified as TDRs if a concession was granted for legal or economic reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties. Concessions granted under a TDR typically involved a temporary deferral of scheduled loan payments, an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date, temporary reduction in interest rates, or below market rates. If a modification occurred while the loan is on accruing status, it would continue to accrue interest under the modified terms. Nonaccrual TDRs were restored to accrual status if scheduled principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, were current for six months after modification, and the borrower continues to demonstrate its ability to meet the modified terms.

Table of Contents

TDRs were evaluated individually for impairment if they have been restructured during the most recent calendar year, or if they are not performing according to their modified terms.

ASU 2022-02 eliminates the TDR accounting model, and requires that the Company evaluate, based on the accounting for loan modifications, whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the modification results in a more-than-insignificant direct change in the contractual cash flows and represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan, which the Company refers to these loans as "financial difficulty modifications" or "FDMs."

The following table presents the Company’s risk elements and relevant asset quality ratios at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Accruing loans meeting the criteria for FDMs are reported cumulatively on a prospective basis from the adoption of ASU 2022-02.


	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Nonaccrual loans	$	21,062		$	20,583
OREO	—			—
Total nonperforming assets	21,062			20,583
FDMs still accruing / TDRs still accruing	—			682
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing (1)	539			439
Total nonperforming and other risk assets ("total risk assets")	$	21,601		$	21,704
Loans 30-89 days past due and still accruing	$	2,675		$	7,311
Asset quality ratios:
Total nonperforming loans to total loans	0.94		%	0.96		%
Total nonperforming assets to total assets	0.70		%	0.70		%
Total nonperforming assets to total loans and OREO	0.94		%	0.96		%
Total risk assets to total loans and OREO	0.97		%	1.01		%
Total risk assets to total assets	0.72		%	0.74		%
ACL to total loans	1.27		%	1.17		%
ACL to nonperforming loans	134.76		%	122.32		%
ACL to nonperforming loans and FDMs still accruing / TDRs still accruing	134.76		%	118.40		%
Net charge-offs to total average loans (2)	0.07		%	0.01		%

(1) Includes zero and $307 thousand of PCI loans at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively in accordance with ASU 310-30. Upon adoption of the CECL standard, PCD loans were evaluated and reported on an individual loan level under ASU 310-20, Nonrefundable Fees and Other Assets.

(2) Annualized

Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans and foreclosed real estate. Risk assets, which include nonperforming assets, FDMs still accruing and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing, totaled $21.6 million at June 30, 2023, a decrease of $103 thousand from December 31, 2022 due partially to the change in accounting for TDRs and PCD loans under CECL. Nonaccrual loans increased by $479 thousand from December 31, 2022 to June 30, 2023 due primarily to additions of $3.4 million, inclusive of $931 thousand transferred to non-accrual due to the treatment of PCD loans at the individual asset level under CECL, partially offset by payments of $1.5 million, charge-offs of $611 thousand and loans returned to accrual status of $401 thousand. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not have loans meeting the FDM criteria under ASU 2022-02.

Table of Contents

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans, according to loan class, with and without reserves on individually evaluated loans at June 30, 2023, as compared to nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2022. There was no specific reserve on the nonaccrual loans and no significant changes in the collateral securing these loans at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. During the second quarter of 2023, the underlying project for a CTP loan on nonaccrual status with a current outstanding balance of $14.8 million received its certificate of occupancy, which resulted in the recharacterization of the loan from commercial and land development to owner-occupied commercial real estate.


	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Nonaccrual loans with a related ACL		Nonaccrual loans with no related ACL		Total nonaccrual loans		Loans Past Due 90+ Accruing		Total nonaccrual loans
Commercial real estate:
Owner-occupied	$	—	$	17,373	$	17,373	$	—	$	2,767
Non-owner occupied	—		264		264		—		—
Multi-family	—		—		—		—		—
Non-owner occupied residential	—		150		150		—		81
Acquisition and development:
1-4 family residential construction	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and land development	—		—		—		—		15,426
Commercial and industrial	—		679		679		—		31
Municipal	—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgage:
First lien	—		1,978		1,978		519		1,838
Home equity – term	—		4		4		20		5
Home equity – lines of credit	—		593		593		—		395
Installment and other loans	—		21		21		—		40
Total	$	—	$	21,062	$	21,062	$	539	$	20,583


	December 31, 2022
		Nonaccrual Loans		Restructured Loans Still Accruing		Total
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied		$	2,767	$	—	$	2,767


Non-owner occupied residential		81		—		81
Acquisition and development:

Commercial and land development		15,426		—		15,426
Commercial and industrial		31		—		31
Residential mortgage:
First lien		1,838		682		2,520
Home equity - term		5		—		5
Home equity - lines of credit		395		—		395
Installment and other loans		40		—		40
		$	20,583	$	682	$	21,265

Table of Contents

The following table presents our exposure to relationships that are individually evaluated for impairment and the partial charge-offs taken to date and specific reserves established on those relationships at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Accruing PCI loans are excluded loans individually evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2022. Prior to the adoption of CECL, acquired loans that met the criteria for impairment or nonaccrual of interest prior to the acquisition may be considered performing upon acquisition, regardless of whether the client is contractually delinquent if the Company expects to fully collect the new carrying value (i.e., fair value) of the loans. As such, the Company may no longer consider the loan to be nonperforming in accordance with guidance in ASU 310-30. Upon adoption of CECL, the Company elected to account for its PCD loans under ASC 310-20, which required that acquired loans be analyzed on an individual asset level. The impact of this election resulted in loans reported as nonaccrual and individually evaluated for credit expected losses under the CECL methodology.


	# of Relationships	Individually Evaluated Loans		Partial Charge-offs to Date		Specific Reserves
June 30, 2023
Relationships greater than $1,000,000	2	$	16,989	$	—	$	—
Relationships greater than $500,000 but less than $1,000,000	1	661		389		—
Relationships greater than $250,000 but less than $500,000	1	264		—		—
Relationships less than $250,000	66	3,523		441		28
	70	$	21,437	$	830	$	28
December 31, 2022
Relationships greater than $1,000,000	2	$	17,774	$	—	$	—
Relationships greater than $500,000 but less than $1,000,000	—	—		—		—
Relationships greater than $250,000 but less than $500,000	1	260		—		—
Relationships less than $250,000	60	3,231		320		28
	63	$	21,265	$	320	$	28

The Company takes partial charge-offs on collateral-dependent loans when carrying value exceeds estimated fair value, as determined by the most recent appraisal adjusted for current (within the quarter) conditions, less costs to dispose. Impairment reserves remain in place if updated appraisals are pending, and represent management’s estimate of potential loss.

Internal loan reviews are completed annually on all commercial relationships, secured by commercial real estate, with a committed loan balance in excess of $1.0 million, which includes confirmation of risk rating by an independent credit officer. In addition, all commercial relationships greater than $500 thousand rated Substandard, Doubtful or Loss are reviewed and corresponding risk ratings are reaffirmed by the Bank's Problem Loan Committee, with subsequent reporting to the Management ERM Committee.

In its individual evaluated loan analysis, the Company determines the extent of any full or partial charge-offs that may be required, or any reserves that may be needed. The determination of the Company’s charge-offs or impairment reserve include an evaluation of the outstanding loan balance and the related collateral securing the credit. Through a combination of collateral securing the loans and partial charge-offs taken to date, the Company believes that it has adequately provided for the potential losses that it may incur on these relationships at June 30, 2023. However, over time, additional information may result in increased reserve allocations or, alternatively, it may be deemed that the reserve allocations exceed those that are needed.

Credit Risk Management

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company maintains the ACL at a level deemed adequate by management for expected credit losses. As disclosed in Note 1 and Note 3, on January 1, 2023 the Company implemented CECL and increased the ACL, previously the ALL, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the ACL of $2.4 million. In addition, the Company recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to the ACL for off-balance sheet exposures of $100 thousand. The Company’s ACL is calculated quarterly, with any adjustment recorded to the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statement of income. A comprehensive analysis of the ACL is performed by the Company on a quarterly basis. Management evaluates the adequacy of the ACL utilizing a defined methodology to determine if it properly addresses the current and expected risks in the loan portfolio, which considers the performance of borrowers and specific evaluation of individually evaluated loans, including historical loss experiences, trends in delinquencies, nonperforming loans and other risk assets, and the qualitative factors. Risk factors are continuously reviewed and adjusted, as needed, by management when conditions support a change. Management believes its approach properly addresses relevant accounting and bank regulatory guidance for loans both collectively and individually evaluated.

Table of Contents

The results of the comprehensive analysis, including recommended changes, are governed by the Company's Reserve Adequacy Committee, whose members were also a part of the Company's CECL Committee.

The ACL is evaluated based on a review of the collectability of loans in light of historical experience; the nature and volume of the loan portfolio; adverse situations that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay; estimated value of any underlying collateral; and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. A description of the methodology for establishing the allowance and provision for credit losses and related procedures in establishing the appropriate level of reserve is included in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 3, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under Part I, Item 1, "Financial Information."

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the loan portfolio, by year of origination, loan class, and credit quality, as of June 30, 2023. For residential and consumer loan classes, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and payment activity, which residential mortgage and installment and other consumer loans are presented below based on payment performance: performing or nonperforming. During the second quarter of 2023, commercial and land development loans totaling $46.6 million were recharacterized to a permanent commercial real estate class upon the completion of construction or receiving a certificate of occupancy.


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
As of June 30, 2023	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial Real Estate:
Owner-occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	38,570	$	95,460	$	75,777	$	22,891	$	21,934	$	70,587	$	2,766	$	—	$	327,985
Special mention	—		10,092		—		6,155		—		2,157		—		—		18,404
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		2,212		465		—		2,677
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		14,757		—		2,578		38		—		17,373
Total owner-occupied loans	$	38,570	$	105,552	$	75,777	$	43,803	$	21,934	$	77,534	$	3,269	$	—	$	366,439
Current period gross charge offs - owner-occupied	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Non-owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	23,001	$	97,285	$	209,376	$	86,557	$	65,552	$	140,193	$	549	$	874	$	623,387
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		2,176		235		—		2,411
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		78		—		—		78
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		—		—		264		—		—		264
Total non-owner occupied loans	$	23,001	$	97,285	$	209,376	$	86,557	$	65,552	$	142,711	$	784	$	874	$	626,140
Current period gross charge offs - non-owner occupied	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Multi-family:
Risk rating
Pass	$	1,375	$	55,971	$	8,809	$	12,819	$	7,881	$	50,896	$	124	$	—	$	137,875
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		7,382		—		—		7,382
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total multi-family loans	$	1,375	$	55,971	$	8,809	$	12,819	$	7,881	$	58,278	$	124	$	—	$	145,257
Current period gross charge offs - multi-family	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Table of Contents


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
As of June 30, 2023	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Non-owner occupied residential:
Risk rating
Pass	$	5,163	$	26,702	$	19,300	$	10,338	$	6,897	$	34,027	$	1,512	$	—	$	103,939
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		820		—		—		820
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		395		—		—		395
Substandard - IEL	2		—		198		—		—		150		—		—		350
Total non-owner occupied residential loans	$	5,165	$	26,702	$	19,498	$	10,338	$	6,897	$	35,392	$	1,512	$	—	$	105,504
Current period gross charge offs - non-owner occupied residential	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	12
Acquisition and development:
1-4 family residential construction:
Risk rating
Pass	$	5,286	$	14,738	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,024
Special mention	—		—		437		—		—		—		—		—		437
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total 1-4 family residential construction loans	$	5,286	$	14,738	$	437	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,461
Current period gross charge offs - 1-4 family residential construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and land development:
Risk rating
Pass	$	17,031	$	50,046	$	49,722	$	10,305	$	119	$	2,967	$	7,055	$	4,263	$	141,508
Special mention	—		—		—		1,223		—		446		—		—		1,669
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial and land development loans	$	17,031	$	50,046	$	49,722	$	11,528	$	119	$	3,413	$	7,055	$	4,263	$	143,177
Current period gross charge offs - commercial and land development	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and Industrial:
Risk rating
Pass	$	39,635	$	80,530	$	85,056	$	24,515	$	11,922	$	23,321	$	94,980	$	3,481	$	363,440
Special mention	632		2,012		5,229		3,560		1,418		375		1,078		—		14,304
Substandard - Non-IEL	—		—		1,072		—		14		294		102		—		1,482
Substandard - IEL	—		—		—		9		—		526		144		—		679
Total commercial and industrial loans	$	40,267	$	82,542	$	91,357	$	28,084	$	13,354	$	24,516	$	96,304	$	3,481	$	379,905
Current period gross charge offs - commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8	$	473	$	—	$	481
Municipal:
Risk rating
Pass	$	—	$	11	$	3,425	$	27	$	—	$	7,175	$	—	$	—	$	10,638
Total municipal loans	$	—	$	11	$	3,425	$	27	$	—	$	7,175	$	—	$	—	$	10,638
Current period gross charge offs - municipal	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Table of Contents


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
As of June 30, 2023	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Residential mortgage:
First lien:
Payment performance
Performing	$	15,579	$	62,104	$	35,449	$	8,474	$	7,753	$	103,423	$	—	$	646	$	233,428
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		175		2,210		—		—		2,385
Total first lien loans	$	15,579	$	62,104	$	35,449	$	8,474	$	7,928	$	105,633	$	—	$	646	$	235,813
Current period gross charge offs - first lien	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	58	$	—	$	—	$	58
Home equity - term:
Payment performance
Performing	$	343	$	788	$	146	$	470	$	128	$	3,349	$	—	$	—	$	5,224
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		4		—		—		4
Total home equity - term loans	$	343	$	788	$	146	$	470	$	128	$	3,353	$	—	$	—	$	5,228
Current period gross charge offs - home equity - term	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	40	$	—	$	—	$	40
Home equity - lines of credit:
Payment performance
Performing	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	110,490	$	73,971	$	184,461
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		—		620		18		638
Total residential real estate - home equity - lines of credit loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	111,110	$	73,989	$	185,099
Current period gross charge offs - home equity - lines of credit	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Installment and other loans:
Payment performance
Performing	$	573	$	524	$	398	$	167	$	1,033	$	1,822	$	6,217	$	—	$	10,734
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		21		1		—		—		22
Total Installment and other loans	$	573	$	524	$	398	$	167	$	1,054	$	1,823	$	6,217	$	—	$	10,756
Current period gross charge offs - installment and other	$	88	$	24	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	10	$	—	$	—	$	123

Table of Contents


	Pass		Special Mention		Non-Impaired Substandard		Impaired - Substandard		Doubtful		PCI Loans		Total

















December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied	$	305,159	$	2,109	$	3,532	$	2,767	$	—	$	2,203	$	315,770
Non-owner occupied	601,244		4,243		2,273		—		—		283		608,043
Multi-family	130,851		7,739		242		—		—		—		138,832
Non-owner occupied residential	102,674		810		482		81		—		557		104,604
Acquisition and development:
1-4 family residential construction	25,068		—		—		—		—		—		25,068
Commercial and land development	142,424		458		—		15,426		—		—		158,308
Commercial and industrial	331,103		17,579		7,013		31		—		2,048		357,774
Municipal	12,173		—		—		—		—		—		12,173
Residential mortgage:
First lien	222,849		—		215		2,520		—		4,265		229,849
Home equity - term	5,485		—		—		5		—		15		5,505
Home equity - lines of credit	182,801		—		45		395		—		—		183,241
Installment and other loans	12,017		—		—		40		—		8		12,065
	$	2,073,848	$	32,938	$	13,802	$	21,265	$	—	$	9,379	$	2,151,232

The Special Mention classification is intended to be a temporary classification reflective of loans that have potential weaknesses that may, if not monitored or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. Special Mention loans represent an elevated risk, but their weakness does not yet justify a more severe, or classified, rating. These loans require inquiry by lenders on the cause of the potential weakness and, once analyzed, the loan classification may be downgraded to Substandard or, alternatively, could be upgraded to Pass. Special Mention loans increased by $12.5 million from $32.9 million at December 31, 2022 to $45.4 million at June 30, 2023 due to net downgrades partially offset by repayments. The risk rating downgrades to Special Mention consisted of five clients spread across various commercial loan classes; however, management does not believe that other commercial loans in these categories reflect similar risk characteristics that led to these downgrades. There was no significant change in the Substandard-IEL category from December 31, 2022 to June 30, 2023, which increased from $21.3 million to $21.4 million, respectively.

Classified loans totaled $26.3 million at June 30, 2023, or 1.2% of total loans outstanding, reflecting a decrease from $35.1 million, or 1.6% of loans outstanding, at December 31, 2022, due to net upgrades and repayments.

Non-impaired substandard loans are performing loans, which have characteristics that cause management concern over the ability of the borrower to perform under present loan repayment terms and which may result in the reporting of these loans as nonperforming, or individually evaluated, loans in the future. Generally, management feels that substandard loans that are currently performing and not considered individually evaluated result in some doubt as to the borrower’s ability to continue to perform under the terms of the loan, and represent potential problem loans. Substandard loans not individually evaluated totaled $4.9 million at June 30, 2023, a decrease of $8.9 million compared to $13.8 million at December 31, 2022, due primarily to upgrades across various loan classes.

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	Commercial										Consumer
	Commercial Real Estate		Acquisition and Development		Commercial and Industrial		Municipal		Total		Residential Mortgage		Installment and Other		Total		Unallocated		Total
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	16,697	$	3,217	$	5,787	$	177	$	25,878	$	2,278	$	208	$	2,486	$	—	$	28,364

Provision for credit losses	246		(451)		440		(10)		225		64		110		174		—		399
Charge-offs	(12)		—		(395)		—		(407)		(98)		(67)		(165)		—		(572)
Recoveries	65		1		22		—		88		63		41		104		—		192
Balance, end of period	$	16,996	$	2,767	$	5,854	$	167	$	25,784	$	2,307	$	292	$	2,599	$	—	$	28,383
June 30, 2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	11,546	$	2,321	$	4,301	$	29	$	18,197	$	2,873	$	201	$	3,074	$	237	$	21,508

Provision for loan losses	748		695		184		(3)		1,624		127		24		151		—		1,775
Charge-offs	—		—		(54)		—		(54)		—		(5)		(5)		—		(59)
Recoveries	—		8		40		—		48		4		3		7		—		55
Balance, end of period	$	12,294	$	3,024	$	4,471	$	26	$	19,815	$	3,004	$	223	$	3,227	$	237	$	23,279
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period prior to adopting CECL	$	13,558	$	3,214	$	4,505	$	24	$	21,301	$	3,444	$	188	$	3,632	$	245	$	25,178
Impact of adopting CECL	2,857		(214)		928		169		3,740		(1,121)		49		(1,072)		(245)		2,423
Provision for credit losses	508		(236)		852		(26)		1,098		(76)		106		30		—		1,128
Charge-offs	(12)		—		(481)		—		(493)		(98)		(123)		(221)		—		(714)
Recoveries	85		3		50		—		138		158		72		230		—		368
Balance, end of period	$	16,996	$	2,767	$	5,854	$	167	$	25,784	$	2,307	$	292	$	2,599	$	—	$	28,383
June 30, 2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	12,037	$	2,062	$	3,814	$	30	$	17,943	$	2,785	$	215	$	3,000	$	237	$	21,180

Provision for loan losses	225		953		684		(4)		1,858		199		18		217		—		2,075
Charge-offs	—		—		(115)		—		(115)		(10)		(18)		(28)		—		(143)
Recoveries	32		9		88		—		129		30		8		38		—		167
Balance, end of period	$	12,294	$	3,024	$	4,471	$	26	$	19,815	$	3,004	$	223	$	3,227	$	237	$	23,279

The ACL totaled $28.4 million at June 30, 2023, an increase of $3.2 million from December 31, 2022, resulting from a cumulative-effect adjustment from the adoption of CECL of $2.4 million and the provision for credit losses of $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, which was inclusive of net charge-offs of $346 thousand during the six months ended June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2023, the ACL as a percentage of the total loan portfolio was 1.27% compared to 1.15% at June 30, 2022. The ACL increased in the six months ended June 30, 2023 primarily as a result of the impact of implementing CECL, which requires the transition from an incurred loss model based on historical loss experience to an expected credit loss model based on the life of the loan. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the provision for credit losses was driven by the increase of $83.5 million in commercial loans, excluding SBA PPP loan forgiveness activity, the increase in the loss reserve rates under the CECL methodology and an increase in the Delinquency and Classified Loan Trends qualitative factor for the commercial & industrial and owner-occupied commercial real estate loan classes. The provision expense recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2022 was due to commercial loan growth of $185.6 million, excluding SBA PPP forgiveness activity, offset by a reduction in the National and Local Economic Conditions qualitative factor that decreased the provision expense by $726 thousand. This factor had been increased previously for economic concerns in the commercial real estate portfolio associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The additional allocation was removed during the first quarter of 2022 as these concerns had subsided.

In addition to the specific reserve allocations on individually evaluated loans noted previously, 10 loans, with aggregate outstanding principal balances of $473 thousand, have had cumulative partial charge-offs to the ACL totaling $830 thousand at June 30, 2023. As updated appraisals are received on collateral-dependent loans, partial charge-offs are taken to the extent the loans’ principal balance exceeds their fair value.

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	Commercial										Consumer
	Commercial Real Estate		Acquisition and Development		Commercial and Industrial		Municipal		Total		Residential Mortgage		Installment and Other		Total		Unallocated		Total











December 31, 2022
Loans allocated by:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	2,848	$	15,426	$	31	$	—	$	18,305	$	2,920	$	40	$	2,960	$	—	$	21,265
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,164,401		167,950		357,743		12,173		1,702,267		415,675		12,025		427,700		—		2,129,967
	$	1,167,249	$	183,376	$	357,774	$	12,173	$	1,720,572	$	418,595	$	12,065	$	430,660	$	—	$	2,151,232
ALL allocated by:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	28	$	—	$	28	$	—	$	28
Collectively evaluated for impairment	13,558		3,214		4,505		24		21,301		3,416		188		3,604		245		25,150
	$	13,558	$	3,214	$	4,505	$	24	$	21,301	$	3,444	$	188	$	3,632	$	245	$	25,178

Management believes the allocation of the ACL among the various loan classes adequately reflects the life expected credit losses in each loan class and is based on the methodology outlined in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 3, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses, to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1, "Financial Information." Management re-evaluates and makes enhancements to its reserve methodology to better reflect the risks inherent in the different segments of the portfolio, particularly in light of increased charge-offs, with noticeable differences between the different loan classes. Management believes these enhancements to the ACL methodology improve the accuracy of quantifying the expected credit losses inherent in the portfolio. Management charges actual loan losses to the reserve and bases the provision for credit losses on its overall analysis.

The recoveries on previously charged-off relationships are the result of successful loan monitoring and workout solutions. Recoveries are difficult to predict, and any additional recoveries that the Company receives will be used to replenish the ACL. Recoveries favorably impact historical charge-off factors, and contribute to changes in the loss factors used in our allowance adequacy analysis. However, as the loan portfolio continues to grow, future provisions for credit losses may result.

Management believes the Company’s ACL is adequate based on currently available information. Future adjustments to the ACL and enhancements to the methodology may be necessary due to changes in economic conditions, regulatory guidance, or management’s assumptions as to future delinquencies or loss rates.

Deposits

Deposits grew by $46.6 million, or 2%, remaining at $2.5 billion at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. In the first half of 2023, time deposits increased by $95.0 million, or 38%, and interest-bearing demand deposits increased by $35.8 million, or 4%. These increases were partially offset by decreases in noninterest-bearing demand deposits of $28.7 million, or 6%, savings accounts of $28.5 million, or 13%, and money market accounts of $19.7 million, or 4%. The increase in time deposits was attributable to promotional offerings of up to 18-month terms. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company purchased $5.0 million in brokered money market deposits. The decline in the savings, money market and noninterest-bearing deposit categories was primarily the result of clients seeking higher-yielding products. During the first half of 2023, the Bank was successful at retaining many of those deposits and driving inflows from new clients as well. This resulted in a shift from noninterest-bearing deposits to interest-bearing. At June 30, 2023, deposits that are uninsured and not collateralized totaled $409.1 million, or 16% of total deposits.

During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Bank announced that it had entered into a Purchase and Assumption Agreement providing for the sale of its Path Valley branch, including associated deposit liabilities, building and land. The sale was completed on May 12, 2023. This sale included deposits of approximately $18.7 million comprising of $14.4 million in interest-bearing deposits and $4.3 million in noninterest-bearing deposits. which were sold at a premium of 6%. These deposits were reported at cost as deposits held for assumption in connection with the sale of a bank branch within total deposits in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2022, deposits of approximately $31.3 million were expected to be conveyed in the branch sale, are reported within total deposits at cost and were comprised of $23.5 million in interest-bearing deposits and $7.8 million in non-interest bearing deposits.

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Borrowings

In addition to deposits, the Company uses borrowing sources to meet liquidity needs and for temporary funding. Sources of short-term borrowings include the FHLB of Pittsburgh, federal funds purchased and the FRB discount window. Short-term borrowings also may include securities sold under agreements to repurchase with deposit clients, in which a client sweeps a portion of a deposit balance into a repurchase agreement, which is a secured borrowing with a pool of securities pledged against the balance.

The Company also utilizes long-term debt, consisting principally of FHLB fixed and amortizing advances, to fund its balance sheet with original maturities greater than one year. The Company evaluates its funding needs, interest rate movements, the cost of options and the availability of attractive structures when considering the timing and extent of when it enters into long-term borrowings.

FHLB advances and other borrowings increased by $30.6 million to $136.7 million at June 30, 2023 compared to $106.1 million at December 31, 2022. The increase in borrowings during 2023 includes long-term fixed-rate advances from the FHLB totaling $40.0 million. With the continued strength in loan fundings and increased competition for deposits, the Bank elected to replace some of its overnight borrowings with lower cost term advances. The Bank tested its various sources of funding during 2023 to ensure accessibility.

See Note 8, Short-Term Borrowings, and Note 9, Long-Term Borrowings, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under Part I, Item 1, "Financial Information," for a description and terms of the Company’s borrowings and access to alternative sources of liquidity.

Shareholders' Equity, Capital Adequacy and Regulatory Matters

Capital management in a regulated financial services industry must properly balance return on equity to its shareholders while maintaining sufficient levels of capital and related risk-based regulatory capital ratios to satisfy statutory regulatory requirements. The Company’s capital management strategies have been developed to provide attractive rates of returns to its shareholders, while maintaining a “well-capitalized” position of regulatory strength.

Shareholders’ equity totaled $245.6 million at June 30, 2023, an increase of $16.7 million, or 7%, from $228.9 million at December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to net income of $19.0 million and other comprehensive income of $5.7 million, partially offset by dividends paid of $4.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the cumulative-effect adjustment from the adoption of CECL that decreased retained earnings by $2.0 million. Other comprehensive income increased due to after-tax declines of $4.6 million and $1.1 million in net unrealized losses on investment securities and cash flow hedges, respectively, primarily caused by a decline in treasury rates and wider credit spreads during the first half of 2023.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, total comprehensive income totaled $24.7 million, an increase of $41.3 million, from total comprehensive losses of $16.6 million for the same period in 2022. Other comprehensive losses, net of taxes, decreased by $12.5 million to $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to other comprehensive losses, net of taxes, of $14.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

At June 30, 2023, book value per common share was $23.15 per share compared to $21.45 per share at December 31, 2022. Tangible book value per share also increased from $19.47 per share at December 31, 2022 to $21.19 per share at June 30, 2023, as a result of the increase in shareholders' equity driven by net income and other comprehensive income during the second quarter of 2023. See “Supplemental Reporting of Non-GAAP Measures.”

The Company routinely evaluates its capital levels in light of its risk profile to assess its capital needs. The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. The consolidated asset limit on small bank holding companies is $3.0 billion and a company with assets under that limit is not subject to the FRB consolidated capital rules, but may file reports that include capital amounts and ratios. The Company has elected to file those reports.

At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Bank was considered well-capitalized under applicable banking regulations. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies, including financial holding companies.

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Note 10, Shareholders' Equity and Regulatory Capital, to the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1, "Financial Information," includes a table presenting capital amounts and ratios for the Company and the Bank at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

In addition to the minimum capital ratio requirement and minimum capital ratio to be well-capitalized presented in the referenced table in Note 10, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer as more fully described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, Item 1 - Business, under the topic Basel III Capital Rules. At June 30, 2023, the Bank's capital conservation buffer, based on the most restrictive Total Capital to risk weighted assets capital ratio, was 4.5%, which is greater than the 2.5% requirement.

Liquidity

The primary function of asset/liability management is to ensure adequate liquidity and manage the Company’s sensitivity to changing interest rates. Liquidity management involves the ability to meet the cash flow requirements of clients who may be either depositors wanting to withdraw funds or borrowers needing assurance that sufficient funds will be available to meet their credit needs. The Company's primary sources of funds consist of deposit inflows, loan repayments, maturities and sales of investment securities, the sale of mortgage loans and borrowings from the FHLB of Pittsburgh. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and investment securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition.

The Company regularly adjusts its investments in liquid assets based upon its assessment of expected loan demand, expected deposit flows, yields available on interest-earning deposits and investment securities and the objectives of its asset/liability management policy. The Company's most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents. The level of these assets depends on the Company's operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any given period. At June 30, 2023, cash and cash equivalents totaled $76.3 million, compared with $60.8 million at December 31, 2022, which increase reflects net income of $19.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, the increases in deposits and borrowings of $46.6 million and $28.9 million, respectively, and proceeds from investment securities maturities and repayments, net of purchases of $9.6 million, offset primarily by the deployment of cash into higher yielding loans of $83.2 million. Unencumbered investment securities totaled $108.0 million at June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2023, the Company had $17.8 million of investment securities pledged at the FRB Discount Window, with no associated borrowings outstanding. The Company's maximum borrowing capacity from the FHLB of Pittsburgh is $1.1 billion at June 30, 2023. In addition, the Company had $30.0 million in available unsecured lines of credit with other banks at June 30, 2023. The Bank tested its various sources of funding during 2023 to ensure accessibility.

Supplemental Reporting of Non-GAAP Measures

As a result of prior acquisitions, the Company had intangible assets consisting of goodwill and core deposit and other intangible assets totaling $21.3 million and $21.8 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Management believes providing certain “non-GAAP” financial information will assist investors in their understanding of the effect on recent financial results from non-recurring charges.

Tangible book value per share, as used by the Company in this supplemental reporting presentation, is determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. While we believe this information is a useful supplement to GAAP-based measures presented in this Form 10-Q, readers are cautioned that this non-GAAP disclosure has limitations as an analytical tool, should not be viewed as a substitute for financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results and financial condition as reported under GAAP, nor are such measures necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. This supplemental presentation should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by similar adjustments to be determined in accordance with GAAP. The increase in tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) from December 31, 2022 to June 30, 2023 is primarily due to net income of $19.0 million and an increase in other comprehensive income, net of taxes, of $5.7 million due to lower unrealized losses on AFS securities and interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments caused by inversion of the yield curve.

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The following table presents the computation of each non-GAAP based measure shown together with its most directly comparable GAAP-based measure.


(dollars and shares in thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Tangible Book Value per Common Share
Shareholders' equity (most directly comparable GAAP-based measure)	$	245,641	$	228,896
Less: Goodwill	18,724		18,724
Other intangible assets	2,589		3,078
Related tax effect	(544)		(646)
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)	$	224,872	$	207,740

Common shares outstanding	10,611		10,671

Book value per share (most directly comparable GAAP based measure)	$	23.15	$	21.45
Intangible assets per share	1.96		1.98
Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP)	$	21.19	$	19.47

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk comprises exposure to interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk, and other relevant market rate or price risks. In the banking industry, a major risk exposure is changing interest rates. The primary objective of monitoring our interest rate sensitivity, or risk, is to provide management the tools necessary to manage the balance sheet to minimize adverse changes in net interest income as a result of changes in the direction and level of interest rates. FRB monetary control efforts, economic uncertainty and legislative changes have been significant factors affecting the task of managing interest rate sensitivity positions in recent years.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the exposure to fluctuations in the Company’s future earnings (earnings at risk) and value (value at risk) resulting from changes in interest rates. This exposure results from differences between the amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities that reprice within a specified time period as a result of scheduled maturities, scheduled and unscheduled repayments, the propensity of borrowers and depositors to react to changes in their economic interests, and loan contractual interest rate changes.

We attempt to manage the level of repricing and maturity mismatch through our asset/liability management process so that fluctuations in net interest income are maintained within policy limits across a range of market conditions, while satisfying liquidity and capital requirements. Management recognizes that a certain amount of interest rate risk is inherent, appropriate and necessary to ensure the Company’s profitability. Thus, the goal of interest rate risk management is to evaluate the amount of reward for taking risk and adjusting both the size and composition of the balance sheet relative to the level of reward available for taking risk.

Management endeavors to control the exposure to changes in interest rates by understanding, reviewing and making decisions based on its risk position. The Company primarily uses its securities portfolio, FHLB advances, interest rate swaps and brokered deposits to manage its interest rate risk position. Additionally, pricing, promotion and product development activities are directed in an effort to emphasize the loan and deposit term or repricing characteristics that best meet current interest rate risk objectives.

We use simulation analysis to assess earnings at risk and net present value analysis to assess value at risk. These methods allow management to regularly monitor both the direction and magnitude of our interest rate risk exposure. These analyses require numerous assumptions including, but not limited to, changes in balance sheet mix, prepayment rates on loans and securities, cash flows and repricing of all financial instruments, changes in volumes and pricing, future shapes of the yield curve, relationship of market interest rates to each other (basis risk), credit spread and deposit sensitivity. Assumptions are based on management’s best estimates but may not accurately reflect actual results under certain changes in interest rates due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of rate changes and changes in market conditions and management strategies, among other factors.

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However, the analyses are useful in quantifying risk and providing a relative gauge of our interest rate risk position over time.

Our asset/liability committee operates under management policies, approved by the Board of Directors, which define guidelines and limits on the level of risk. The committee meets regularly and reviews our interest rate risk position and monitors various liquidity ratios to ensure a satisfactory liquidity position. By utilizing our analyses, we can determine changes that may need to be made to the asset and liability mixes to mitigate the change in net interest income under various interest rate scenarios. Management continually evaluates the condition of the economy, the pattern of market interest rates and other economic data to inform the committee on the selection of investment securities. Regulatory authorities also monitor our interest rate risk position along with other liquidity ratios.

Net Interest Income Sensitivity

Simulation analysis evaluates the effect of upward and downward changes in market interest rates on future net interest income. The analysis involves changing the interest rates used in determining net interest income over the next twelve months. The resulting percentage change in net interest income in various rate scenarios is an indication of the Company's short-term interest rate risk. The analysis assumes recent pricing trends in new loan and deposit volumes will continue while balances remain constant. Additional assumptions are applied to modify pricing under the various rate scenarios.

The simulation analysis results are presented in the table below. The decrease in net interest income in the rising interest rate scenarios at June 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 is the result of the expectation that funding costs will increase more than the yields on interest earning assets. Results in the falling interest rate scenario show the potential for a decrease in net interest income as a result of long-term fixed rate funding added to the balance sheet in 2023. Additionally, funding pressure in the model is not expected to abate within the first twelve months of a rates falling scenario. The Company is currently liability sensitive according to the model as interest bearing liabilities have begun repricing faster than interest earning assets. If interest bearing liabilities reprice slower than modeled, the pressure on net interest income may be reduced. However, further increases in interest rates on a flat balance sheet scenario could negatively impact the Company's net interest income.

Economic Value

Net present value analysis provides information on the risk inherent in the balance sheet that might not be considered in the simulation analysis due to the short time horizon used in that analysis. The net present value of the balance sheet incorporates the discounted present value of expected asset cash flows minus the discounted present value of expected liability cash flows. The analysis involves changing the interest rates used in determining the expected cash flows and in discounting the cash flows. The resulting percentage change in net present value in various rate scenarios is an indication of the longer term repricing risk and options embedded in the balance sheet.

The results at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 reflect the impact of the FOMC's interest rate increases in effect at the end of each period. As the federal funds rate increases further, the increase in asset yields is countered by the model's acceleration in the cost of liabilities as compared to a slower realized pace so far in this rate cycle. To improve the comparability across periods, the Company strives to follow best practices related to the assumption setting and maintains the size and mix of the period end balance sheet; thus, the results do not reflect actions management may take through the normal course of business that would impact results.


Net Interest Income					Economic Value
	% Change in Net Interest Income					% Change in Market Value
Change in Market Interest Rates (basis points)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		Change in Market Interest Rates (basis points)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
(200)	(3.3)	%	4.7	%	(200)	(26.5)	%	(27.7)	%
(100)	(1.2)	%	4.8	%	(100)	(9.8)	%	(9.3)	%
100	(0.9)	%	(2.6)	%	100	4.8	%	3.8	%
200	(2.6)	%	(6.1)	%	200	6.1	%	4.0	%

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Based on the evaluation required by Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b), the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), at June 30, 2023. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective at June 30, 2023.

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There were no significant changes made to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to affect, our internal control over financial reporting during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 – Legal Proceedings

Information regarding legal proceedings is included in Note 14, Contingencies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements" and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A – Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds


	(a)	(b)		(c)	(d)
Period	Total number of shares (or units) purchased	Average price paid per share (or unit)		Total number of shares (or units) purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares (or units) that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
April 1, 2023 to April 30, 2023	35,812	$	19.50	35,812	68,985
May 1, 2023 to May 31, 2023	31,177	17.14		31,177	37,808
June 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023	9,341	18.36		9,341	28,467
Total	76,330	$	18.40	76,330

In September 2015, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which the Company may repurchase up to 416,000 shares of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock, in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act, as amended. On April 19, 2021, the Board of Directors authorized the additional future repurchase of up to 562,000 shares of its outstanding common stock for a total of 978,000 shares. When and if appropriate, repurchases may be made in open market or privately negotiated transactions, depending on market conditions, regulatory requirements and other corporate considerations, as determined by management. Share repurchases may not occur and may be discontinued at any time. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 76,330 shares of its common stock at an average price of $18.40 per share. At June 30, 2023, 949,533 shares had been repurchased under the program at a total cost of $21.2 million, or $22.36 per share. Common stock available for future repurchase totals approximately 28,467 shares, or 0.3% of the Company's outstanding common stock at June 30, 2023.

Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5 – Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of the Company's common stock that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" as such term is defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6 – Exhibits


3.1						Articles of Incorporation as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2010.

3.2						By-laws as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Report on Form 8-K filed June 2, 2021 .

4.1						Specimen Common Stock Certificate, incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed February 8, 2010 (File No. 333-164780).

31.1						Rule 13a – 14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification (Principal Executive Officer)

31.2						Rule 13a – 14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications (Principal Financial Officer)

32.1						Section 1350 Certifications (Principal Executive Officer)

32.2						Section 1350 Certifications (Principal Financial Officer)

101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

101.INS						XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

All other exhibits for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


			/s/ Thomas R. Quinn, Jr.
			Thomas R. Quinn, Jr.
			President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

			/s/ Neelesh Kalani
			Neelesh Kalani
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial Officer)

			Date: August 8, 2023

EX-31.1 2 ex3112023-10qxq2.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Thomas R. Quinn, Jr., certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Orrstown Financial Services, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.


Date: August 8, 2023	By:	/s/ Thomas R. Quinn, Jr.
		Thomas R. Quinn, Jr.
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2 3 ex3122023-10qxq2.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Neelesh Kalani, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Orrstown Financial Services, Inc.;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: August 8, 2023	By:	/s/ Neelesh Kalani
		Neelesh Kalani
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1 4 ex3212023-10qxq2.htm EX-32.1 Document

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Orrstown Financial Services, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date therein specified (the “Report”), I, Thomas R. Quinn, Jr., President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report.


Date: August 8, 2023	By:	/s/ Thomas R. Quinn, Jr.
		Thomas R. Quinn, Jr.
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2 5 ex3222023-10qxq2.htm EX-32.2 Document

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Orrstown Financial Services, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date therein specified (the “Report”), I, Neelesh Kalani, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report.


Date: August 8, 2023	By:	/s/ Neelesh Kalani
		Neelesh Kalani
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)