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__________________________

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2025

or

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number: 1-8929 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

__________________________

One Liberty Plaza, 7th Floor

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

__________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☑    No  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☑    No  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes   ☐  No ☑

Number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of March 11, 2025: 62,231,437

This Form 10-Q contains both historical and forward-looking statements regarding ABM and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “ABM,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”). We make forward-looking statements related to future expectations, estimates, and projections that are uncertain and often contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “predict,” “should,” “target,” or other similar words or phrases. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Particular risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to be materially different from those expressed in our forward-looking statements include those listed below:

•Our success depends on our ability to gain profitable business despite competitive market pressures.

•Our results of operations can be adversely affected by labor shortages, turnover, and labor cost increases.

•We may not be able to attract and retain qualified personnel and senior management we need to support our business.

•Investments in and changes to our businesses, operating structure, or personnel relating to our ELEVATE strategy, including the implementation of strategic transformations, enhanced business processes, and technology initiatives, may not have the desired effects on our financial condition and results of operations.

•Our ability to preserve long-term client relationships is essential to our continued success.

•Our use of subcontractors or joint venture partners to perform work under customer contracts exposes us to liability and financial risk.

•Our international business involves risks different from those we face in the United States that could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.

•Decreases in commercial office space utilization due to hybrid work models and increases in office vacancy rates could adversely affect our financial condition.

•Negative changes in general economic conditions, such as recessionary pressures, high interest rates, durable and non-durable goods pricing, changes in energy prices, or changes in consumer goods pricing could reduce the demand for our services and, as a result, reduce our revenue and earnings and adversely affect our financial condition.

•We may experience breaches of, or disruptions to, our information technology systems or those of our third-party providers or clients, or other compromises of our data that could adversely affect our business.

•Our ongoing implementation of new enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) and related boundary systems could adversely impact our ability to operate our business and report our financial results.

•Acquisitions, divestitures, and other strategic transactions could fail to achieve financial or strategic objectives, disrupt our ongoing business, and adversely impact our results of operations.

•We manage our insurable risks through a combination of third-party purchased policies and self-insurance, and we retain a substantial portion of the risk associated with expected losses under these programs, which exposes us to volatility associated with those risks, including the possibility that changes in estimates to our ultimate insurance loss reserves could result in material charges against our earnings.

•Our risk management and safety programs may not have the intended effect of reducing our liability for personal injury or property loss.

•Unfavorable developments in our class and representative actions and other lawsuits alleging various claims could cause us to incur substantial liabilities.

•We are subject to extensive legal and regulatory requirements, which could limit our profitability by increasing the costs of legal and regulatory compliance.

•A significant number of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements that could expose us to potential liabilities in relation to our participation in multiemployer pension plans, requirements to make contributions to other benefit plans, and the potential for strikes, work slowdowns or similar activities, and union organizing drives.

•Our business may be materially affected by changes to fiscal and tax policies. Negative or unexpected tax consequences could adversely affect our results of operations.

•Future increases in the level of our borrowings and interest rates could affect our results of operations.

•Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

•If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be negatively impacted, which could harm our operating results and investor perceptions of our Company and as a result may have a material adverse effect on the value of our common stock.

•Our business may be negatively impacted by adverse weather conditions.

•Catastrophic events, disasters, pandemics, and terrorist attacks could disrupt our services.

•Actions of activist investors could disrupt our business.

The list of factors above is illustrative and by no means exhaustive. Additional information regarding these and other risks and uncertainties we face is contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024, and in other reports (including all amendments to those reports) we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

We urge readers to consider these risks and uncertainties in evaluating our forward-looking statements. We caution readers not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.

						Three Months Ended January 31,
						2025												2024
(in millions, except per share amounts)						Shares						Amount						Shares						Amount
Common Stock
Balance, beginning of period						62.2						$	0.6					62.8						$	0.6
Stock issued under employee stock purchase and share-based compensation plans						0.4						—						0.4						—
Repurchase of common stock						(0.4)						—						—						—
Balance, end of period						62.2						0.6						63.3						0.6
Additional Paid-in Capital
Balance, beginning of period												527.4												558.9
Taxes withheld under employee stock purchase and share-based compensation plans, net												(9.9)												(8.7)
Share-based compensation expense												10.5												8.2
Repurchase of common stock												(21.3)												—
Balance, end of period												506.8												558.5
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Taxes
Balance, beginning of period												(19.1)												(9.2)
Other comprehensive loss												(8.4)												(6.4)
Balance, end of period												(27.5)												(15.7)
Retained Earnings
Balance, beginning of period												1,272.9												1,249.6
Net income												43.6												44.7
Dividends
Common stock (1)												(16.4)												(14.1)
Stock issued under share-based compensation     plans												(0.8)												(0.8)
Balance, end of period												1,299.3												1,279.3
Total Stockholders’ Equity												$	1,779.2											$	1,822.7

    

(1) Cash dividends declared per common share were $0.265 and $0.225 for the three months ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

ABM is a leading provider of integrated facility services with a mission to make a difference, every person, every day. We are organized into four industry groups and one Technical Solutions segment:

Through these groups, we offer janitorial, facilities engineering, parking, and specialized mechanical and electrical technical solutions, on a standalone basis or in combination with other services.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with (i) United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and (ii) the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of our management, our unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes (the “Financial Statements”) include all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for the fair statement of the interim periods presented. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to years are to our fiscal years, which end on October 31.

We round amounts in the Financial Statements to millions and calculate all percentages and per-share data from the underlying whole-dollar amounts. Thus, certain amounts may not foot, crossfoot, or recalculate based on reported numbers due to rounding.

We operate certain parking facilities under management reimbursement arrangements. Under these arrangements, we manage the parking facilities for management fees and pass through the revenues and expenses associated with the facilities to the owners. These revenues and expenses are reported in equal amounts as costs reimbursed from our managed locations. Management reimbursement revenue was $82.0 million and $80.1 million for the three months ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04, Liabilities — Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations, designed to enhance transparency around supplier finance programs by requiring new disclosures that would allow a user of the financial statements to understand the program’s nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the amendment on rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this standard, effective November 1, 2023, and adopted the rollforward requirement, effective November 1, 2024, on a prospective basis.

We do not participate in any material supplier finance programs and, as such, the adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our disclosures.

Effective June 21, 2024, we acquired Quality Uptime Services, Inc. (“Quality Uptime”), an uninterrupted power supply system (“UPS”) installation and maintenance company providing customized preventive and emergency service programs for mission-critical data centers and other facilities, for a net cash purchase price of approximately $116.3 million. The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method. Accordingly, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized on the date of acquisition at their estimated fair values, with the excess of the purchase price recorded as goodwill. The goodwill is amortizable over 15 years for income tax purposes. As of January 31, 2025, we recorded preliminary goodwill and intangibles of $77.4 million and $35.2 million, respectively. The total assets acquired, excluding goodwill and intangibles, and liabilities assumed amounted to $24.0 million and $20.3 million, respectively. The acquisition accounting is subject to change as we obtain additional information about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. The final acquisition accounting may include changes to non-current assets, including intangible assets and working capital.

The unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended January 31, 2025, include revenues of $12.7 million attributable to Quality Uptime, which are included in our Technical Solutions segment.

On September 1, 2022, we completed the acquisition of all of the equity interests of RavenVolt, Inc. (“RavenVolt”), a nationwide provider of advanced turn-key microgrid systems utilized by diversified commercial and industrial customers, national retailers, utilities, and municipalities. RavenVolt’s operations are included within our Technical Solutions segment.

The purchase price for the acquisition was approximately $170.0 million in cash at closing plus the potential of post-closing contingent consideration of up to $280.0 million. The post-closing contingent consideration would be payable in cash in calendar years 2024, 2025, and 2026 if RavenVolt’s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”), as defined in the RavenVolt merger agreement, meets or exceeds certain defined targets. In 2024, defined EBITDA targets were not achieved, and as a result, no contingent consideration payment was made in 2024 for calendar year 2023.

The maximum remaining contingent consideration that is payable in calendar years 2025 and 2026 is $75.0 million and $130.0 million, respectively. If the EBITDA achieved for calendar years 2023–2025 cumulatively meets the defined EBITDA targets, the entire $280.0 million would be paid in calendar year 2026, minus any earn-out payments made in 2024 and 2025. The estimate of the fair value of the contingent consideration on the date of acquisition was $59.0 million.

At October 31, 2024, the estimate of the fair value of the contingent consideration was $109.1 million, of which $75.0 million relates to the calendar year 2024 payment to be made in 2025. There was no material change in the fair value of the contingent consideration during the three months ended January 31, 2025.

We generate revenues under several types of contracts, which are further explained below. Generally, the type of contract is determined by the nature of the services provided by each of our major service lines throughout our reportable segments; therefore, we disaggregate revenues from contracts with customers into major service lines. We have determined that disaggregating revenues into these categories best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Our reportable segments are B&I, M&D, Education, Aviation, and Technical Solutions, as described in Note 12, “Segment Information.”

(1) Janitorial arrangements provide a wide range of essential cleaning services for commercial office buildings, airports and other transportation centers, educational institutions, government buildings, health facilities, industrial buildings, retail stores, and stadiums and arenas. These arrangements are often structured as monthly fixed-price, square-foot, cost-plus, and work order contracts.

(2) Aviation Services arrangements support airlines and airports with services such as passenger assistance, catering logistics, and airplane cabin maintenance. These arrangements are often structured as monthly fixed-price, cost-plus, transaction price, and hourly contracts.

(3) Parking and Transportation arrangements provide parking and transportation services for clients at various locations, including airports and other transportation centers, commercial office buildings, educational institutions, health facilities, hotels, and stadiums and arenas. These arrangements are structured as management reimbursement, leased location, and allowance contracts. Certain of these arrangements are considered service concession agreements and are accounted for under the guidance of Topic 853; accordingly, service concession expense related to these arrangements is recorded as a reduction of the related parking service revenues.

(4) Operations and Maintenance arrangements provide onsite mechanical engineering and technical services and solutions relating to a broad range of facilities and infrastructure systems that are designed to extend the useful life of facility fixed assets, improve equipment operating efficiencies, reduce energy consumption, lower overall operational costs for clients, and enhance the sustainability of client locations. These arrangements are generally structured as monthly fixed-price, cost-plus, and work order contracts.

(5) Building & Energy Solutions arrangements provide custom energy solutions, including microgrid systems installation, electrical, HVAC, lighting, electric vehicle charging station installation, uninterrupted power supply services, and other general maintenance and repair services for clients in the public and private sectors and are generally structured as Energy Savings, Fixed-Price Repair, and Refurbishment contracts. We also franchise certain operations under franchise agreements relating to our Linc Network and TEGG brands pursuant to franchise contracts.

We have arrangements under various contract types, as described in Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024.

Certain arrangements involve variable consideration (primarily per transaction fees, reimbursable expenses, and sales-based royalties). We do not estimate the variable consideration for these arrangements; rather, we recognize these variable fees as they are earned. Some of our contracts, often related to Airline Services, may also include performance incentives based on variable performance measures that are ascertained exclusively by future performance and therefore cannot be estimated at contract inception and are recognized as revenue once known and mutually agreed upon. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

The majority of our contracts include performance obligations that are primarily satisfied over time as we provide the related services. These contract types include: monthly fixed-price; square-foot; cost-plus; work orders; transaction-price; hourly; management reimbursement; leased location; allowance; energy savings contracts; and fixed-price repair and refurbishment contracts, as well as our franchise and royalty fee arrangements. We recognize revenue as the services are performed using a measure of progress that is determined by the contract type. Generally, most of our contracts are cancelable by either party without a substantive penalty, and the majority have a notification period of 30 to 90 days.

We primarily account for our performance obligations under the series guidance, using the as-invoiced practical expedient when applicable. We apply the as-invoiced practical expedient to record revenue as the services are provided, given the nature of the services provided and the frequency of billing under the customer contracts. Under this practical expedient, we recognize revenue in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date and for which we have the right to invoice the customer.

At January 31, 2025, performance obligations that were unsatisfied for which we expect to recognize revenue totaled $279.4 million. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 73% of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the remainder recognized thereafter, based on our estimates of project timing.

These amounts exclude variable consideration primarily related to: (i) contracts where we have determined that the contract consists of a series of distinct service periods, and revenues are based on future performance that cannot be estimated at contract inception; (ii) parking contracts where we and the customer share the gross revenues or operating profit for the location; and (iii) contracts where transaction prices include performance incentives that are based on future performance and therefore cannot be estimated at contract inception. For these contract types, we apply the practical expedient that permits exclusion of information about the remaining performance obligations with original expected durations of one year or less.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in contract assets and contract liabilities, as further explained below. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers.

Contract assets primarily consist of billed trade receivables, unbilled trade receivables, and costs incurred in excess of amounts billed. Billed and unbilled trade receivables represent amounts from work completed in which we have an unconditional right to bill our customer. Costs incurred in excess of amounts billed typically arise when the revenue recognized on projects exceeds the amount billed to the customer. These amounts are transferred to billed trade receivables when the rights become unconditional. Contract assets also include the capitalization of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, primarily commissions. Commissions expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average expected customer relationship period.

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. We generally classify contract liabilities as current since the related contracts are generally for a period of one year or less. Contract liabilities decrease as we recognize revenue from the satisfaction of the related performance obligation.

The following tables present the balances in our contract assets and contract liabilities:

(1) Included in “Trade accounts receivable, net,” on the unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(2) Included in “Other current assets” and “Other noncurrent assets” on the unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three months ended January 31, 2025, we capitalized $4.9 million of new costs and amortized $4.5 million of previously capitalized costs. There was no impairment loss recorded on the costs capitalized.

(1) Included in “Other accrued liabilities” on the unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(1) Cash and cash equivalents are stated at nominal value, which equals fair value.

(2) Represents restricted deposits that are used to collateralize our insurance obligations and are stated at nominal value, which equals fair value. These insurance deposits are included in “Other noncurrent assets” on the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 7, “Insurance,” for further information.

(3) Represents investments held in a Rabbi trust associated with one of our deferred compensation plans, which we include in “Other noncurrent assets” on the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the assets held in the funded deferred compensation plan is based on quoted market prices.

(4) Represents gross outstanding borrowings under our Amended Credit Facility. Due to variable interest rates, the carrying value of outstanding borrowings under this facility approximates the fair value. See Note 8, “Credit Facility,” for further information.

(5) Represents interest rate swap derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. The fair values of the interest rate swaps are estimated based on the present value of the difference between expected cash flows calculated at the contracted interest rates and the expected cash flows at current market interest rates using observable benchmarks for the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) forward rates at the end of the period. Our interest rate swap assets are included in “Other noncurrent assets” on the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 8, “Credit Facility,” for further information.

(6) Our investments do not have a readily determinable fair value; therefore, we account for the investments using the measurement alternative under Topic 321 and measure the investments at initial cost plus or minus fair value adjustments if there are observable prices minus impairment, if any.

(7) Our contingent consideration payable related to the RavenVolt Acquisition is remeasured at each reporting date, based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. After the acquisition date and until the contingency is resolved, the fair value of contingent consideration payable is adjusted each reporting period based primarily on the expected probability of achievement of the contingency targets, which are subject to our estimate. These changes in fair value are recognized within the “Selling, general and administrative expenses” of the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. See Note 3, “Acquisitions,” for further information.

In addition to assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, we are also required to measure certain items at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets can include: goodwill; intangible assets; property, plant and equipment; lease-related ROU assets; and long-lived assets that have been reduced to fair value when they are held for sale. If certain triggering events occur, or if an annual impairment test is required, then we would evaluate these non-financial assets for impairment. If an impairment were to occur, then the asset would be recorded at the estimated fair value, using primarily unobservable Level 3 inputs.

We use a combination of insured and self-insurance programs to cover workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability, property damage, and other insurable risks. For the majority of these insurance programs, we retain the initial $1.0 million to $5.0 million of exposure on a per-occurrence basis, either through deductibles or self-insured retentions.

Beyond the retained exposures, we have varying primary policy limits ranging between $1.0 million and $5.0 million per occurrence. To cover general liability and automobile liability losses above these primary limits, we maintain commercial umbrella insurance policies that provide aggregate limits of $200.0 million. Our insurance policies generally cover workers’ compensation losses to the full extent of statutory requirements. Additionally, to cover property damage risks above our retained limits, we maintain policies that provide per occurrence limits of $75.0 million. We are also self-insured for certain employee medical and dental plans. We maintain stop-loss insurance for our self-insured medical plan under which we retain up to $0.5 million of exposure on a per-participant, per-year basis with respect to claims.

We maintain our reserves for workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability, and property damage insurance claims based upon known trends and events and the actuarial estimates of required reserves considering the most recently completed actuarial reports. We use all available information to develop our best estimate of insurance claims reserves as information is obtained. The results of actuarial reviews are used to estimate our insurance rates and insurance reserves for future periods and to adjust reserves, if appropriate, for prior years.

At January 31, 2025, and October 31, 2024, insurance recoverables are included in both “Other current assets” and “Other noncurrent assets” on the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(1)At January 31, 2025, and October 31, 2024, the weighted average interest rate on all outstanding borrowings, not including letters of credit and swaps, was 6.17% and 6.68%, respectively.

(2)At January 31, 2025, we had borrowing capacity of $238.0 million.

(3) At January 31, 2025, standby letters of credit amounted to $29.7 million.

On September 1, 2017, we refinanced and replaced our then-existing $800.0 million credit facility with a new senior, secured five-year syndicated credit facility (the “Credit Facility”), consisting of a $900.0 million revolving line of credit (the “Revolver”) and an $800.0 million amortizing term loan, both of which matured on September 1, 2022. In accordance with terms of the Credit Facility, the revolver was reduced to $800.0 million on September 1, 2018.

On June 28, 2021, the Company amended and restated the Credit Facility (the “Amended Credit Facility”), extending the maturity date to June 28, 2026, and increasing the capacity of the revolving credit facility from $800.0 million to $1.3 billion and the then-remaining term loan outstanding from $620.0 million to $650.0 million. The Amended Credit Facility provides for the issuance of up to $350.0 million for standby letters of credit and the issuance of up to $75.0 million in swingline advances. The obligations under the Amended Credit Facility are secured on a first-priority basis by a lien on substantially all of our assets and properties, subject to certain exceptions. Additionally, we may repay amounts borrowed under the Amended Credit Facility at any time without penalty.

On November 1, 2022, we amended our Amended Credit Facility pursuant to the LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) Transition Amendment and, substantially concurrently, with the Fifth Amendment to replace the benchmark rate at which U.S.dollar-denominated borrowings bear interest from LIBOR to the forward-looking Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) term rate administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited. As a result of these amendments, we can borrow at Term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% subject to a floor of zero.

The Amended Credit Facility also includes customary events of default, including: failure to pay principal, interest, or fees when due; failure to comply with covenants; the occurrence of certain material judgments; and a change in control of the Company. If certain events of default occur, including certain cross-defaults, insolvency, change in control, or violation of specific covenants, then the lenders can terminate or suspend our access to the Amended Credit Facility, declare all amounts outstanding (including all accrued interest and unpaid fees) to be immediately due and payable, and require that we cash collateralize the outstanding standby letters of credit.

We incurred deferred financing costs of $6.4 million in conjunction with the execution of the Amended Credit Facility and carried over $6.2 million of unamortized deferred financing from initial execution and previous amendments of the Credit Facility. Total deferred financing costs of $12.6 million, consisting of $4.9 million related to the term loan and $7.7 million related to the revolver, are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Amended Credit Facility.

During the three months ended January 31, 2025, we made principal payments under the term loan of $8.1 million. As of January 31, 2025, the following principal payments are required under the Amended Credit Facility:

We utilize interest rate swap agreements to fix the variable interest rates on portions of our debt. The purpose of using these derivatives is to reduce our exposure to the interest rate risk associated with variable borrowings. Under these agreements, we typically pay a fixed interest rate in exchange for a SOFR-based variable interest rate on a given notional amount. All of our interest rate swaps are designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are reported as a component of other comprehensive income and are reclassified into earnings in the period or periods in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. For information regarding the valuation of our interest rate swaps, see Note 6, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments.”

(1) In July 2022, we entered into interest rate swap agreements with notional values totaling $300.0 million at inception. The notional amount reduces to $100.0 million in October 2025 before maturing on June 28, 2026.

At January 31, 2025, and October 31, 2024, amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) for interest rate swaps were a gain of $8.4 million, net of taxes of $4.0 million, and a gain of $9.2 million, net of taxes of $4.3 million, respectively. At January 31, 2025, the total amount expected to be reclassified from AOCL to earnings during the next 12 months is a gain of $6.4 million, net of taxes of $2.3 million.

Effective December 13, 2023, our Board of Directors expanded our existing share repurchase program by an additional $150.0 million. Share repurchases may take place on the open market or otherwise, and all or part of the repurchases may be made pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing of repurchases is at our discretion and will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, future cash flows, share price, share availability, and other factors. Repurchased shares are retired and returned to an authorized but unissued status. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.

We repurchased shares under the share repurchase program during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as summarized below. At January 31, 2025, authorization for $133.2 million of repurchases remained under our share repurchase program. We did not repurchase any shares during the three months ended January 31, 2024.

We use letters of credit and surety bonds to secure certain commitments related to insurance programs and for other purposes. As of January 31, 2025, these letters of credit totaled $29.7 million and surety bonds and surety-backed letters of credit totaled $894.7 million.

In some instances, we offer clients guaranteed energy savings under certain energy savings contracts. At January 31, 2025, total guarantees were $232.5 million and extend through 2045. We include the estimated costs of guarantees in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us. Historically, we have not incurred any material losses in connection with these guarantees.

We collect sales tax from clients and remit those collections to the applicable states. In some cases when clients fail to pay their invoices, including the amount of any sales tax that we paid on their behalf, we may be entitled to seek a refund of that amount of sales tax from the applicable state.

Sales tax laws and regulations enacted by the various states are subject to interpretation, and our compliance with such laws is routinely subject to audit and review by such states. Audit risk is concentrated in several states that are conducting ongoing audits. The outcomes of ongoing and any future audits and changes in the states’ interpretation of the sales tax laws and regulations could materially adversely impact our results of operations.

We are a party to a number of lawsuits, claims, and proceedings incident to the operation of our business, including those pertaining to labor and employment, contracts, personal injury, and other matters, some of which allege substantial monetary damages.

Some of these actions may be brought as class actions on behalf of a class or purported class of employees.

At January 31, 2025, the total amount accrued for probable litigation losses where a reasonable estimate of the loss could be made was $13.7 million. We do not accrue for contingent losses that, in our judgment, are considered to be reasonably possible but not probable. The estimation of reasonably possible losses also requires the analysis of multiple possible outcomes that often depend on judgments about potential actions by third parties. Our management currently estimates the range of loss for all reasonably possible losses for which a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made is between zero and $13.6 million. Factors underlying this estimated range of loss may change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from this estimate.

Litigation outcomes are difficult to predict, and the estimation of probable losses requires the analysis of multiple possible outcomes that often depend on judgments about potential actions by third parties. If one or more matters are resolved in a particular period in an amount in excess of or in a manner different than what we anticipated, this could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In some cases, although a loss is probable or reasonably possible, we cannot reasonably estimate the maximum potential losses for probable matters or the range of losses for reasonably possible matters. Therefore, our accrual for probable losses and our estimated range of loss for reasonably possible losses do not represent our maximum possible exposure.

In determining whether to include any particular lawsuit or other proceeding in our disclosure, we consider both quantitative and qualitative factors. These factors include, but are not limited to: the amount of damages and the nature of any other relief sought in the proceeding; if such damages and other relief are specified, our view of the merits of the claims; whether the action is or purports to be a class action, and our view of the likelihood that a class will be certified by the court; the jurisdiction in which the proceeding is pending; and the potential impact of the proceeding on our reputation.

We are currently not a party to any material legal proceedings, and we are not aware of filings of any pending or contemplated litigation, claims, or assessments. There can be no assurance that future legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business or otherwise will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Our quarterly tax provision is calculated using an estimated annual effective tax rate that is adjusted for discrete items occurring during the period to arrive at our effective tax rate. During the three months ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, we had effective tax rates of 21.4% and 17.3%, respectively. The difference between the estimated annual effective tax rate before discrete items and statutory rate is primarily related to state income taxes, non-deductible compensation, and tax credits.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Pillar Two Model Rules established a minimum global effective tax rate of 15% on country-by-country profits of large multinational companies. European Union member states along with many other countries have adopted or expect to adopt the OECD Pillar Two Model effective January 1, 2024, or thereafter. The OECD and other countries continue to publish guidelines and legislation that include transition and safe harbor rules. We continue to monitor new legislative changes and assess the global impact of the Pillar Two Model Rules. Based on our initial assessment, Pillar Two should not have a material impact to the Company’s income tax provision.

REPORTABLE SEGMENTS AND DESCRIPTIONS
B&I			B&I, our largest reportable segment, encompasses comprehensive facility solutions, including janitorial and maintenance, facilities engineering, and parking and transportation management to a diverse range of clients. Our expertise extends to commercial real estate properties, including corporate offices for high-tech clients, sports and entertainment venues, and both traditional hospitals and non-acute healthcare facilities. We typically provide these services pursuant to monthly fixed-price, square-foot, cost-plus, and parking arrangements (i.e., management reimbursement, leased location, or allowance) that are obtained through a competitive bid process as well as pursuant to work orders.
M&D			M&D provides integrated facility services, engineering, janitorial and maintenance, and other specialized solutions to a variety of manufacturing, distribution, and data center facilities. We typically provide these services pursuant to monthly fixed-price, square-foot, and cost-plus, that are obtained through a competitive bid process as well as pursuant to work orders.
Aviation			Aviation provides comprehensive support services to airlines and airports, including parking and transportation management, janitorial and maintenance services, passenger assistance, catering logistics, aircraft cabin maintenance, and transportation solutions. We typically provide services to clients in this segment under master services agreements. These agreements are typically re-bid upon renewal and are generally structured as monthly fixed-price, square-foot, cost-plus, parking, transaction-price, and hourly arrangements.
Education			Education delivers comprehensive facility services to public school districts, private schools, colleges, and universities. Our services include janitorial and custodial services, landscaping and grounds maintenance, facilities engineering, and parking management. These services are typically provided pursuant to monthly fixed-price, square-foot, and cost-plus arrangements that are obtained through either a competitive bid process or re-bid upon renewal as well as pursuant to work orders.
Technical Solutions			Technical Solutions specializes in comprehensive facility infrastructure services, including mechanical and electrical systems, EV charging station design, installation, and maintenance, as well as microgrid systems encompassing uninterrupted power supply (“UPS”) systems and power distribution units. These offerings are strategically leveraged for cross-selling across all our industry groups, both domestically and internationally. Contracts for this segment are generally structured as electrical contracting services for energy related products such as the installation of solar solutions, battery storage, distributed generation, and other specialized electric trade.

The accounting policies for our segments are the same as those disclosed within our significant accounting policies in Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies.” Our management evaluates the performance of each reportable segment based on its respective operating profit results, which include the allocation of certain centrally incurred corporate costs. Certain corporate costs not allocated to segments include information technology, human resources, executive and finance expenses, and legal costs and settlements. Additionally, share-based compensation, actuarial adjustments to self-insurance reserves related to prior years, acquisition and integration costs, and changes in fair values of contingent consideration are not allocated to segments. Management does not review asset information by segment, therefore we do not present assets in this note.

On February 26, 2025, we amended and restated the Amended Credit Facility (the “Amended and Restated Credit Facility”), extending the maturity date to February 26, 2030, and increasing the capacity of the revolving credit facility from $1.3 billion to $1.6 billion and the then-remaining term loan outstanding from $528.1 million to $600.0 million. The Amended and Restated Credit Facility provides for the issuance of up to $250.0 million for standby letters of credit and the issuance of up to $100.0 million in swingline advances. There have been no material changes to the pricing terms and the financial covenants under the Amended and Restated Credit Facility.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to facilitate an understanding of the results of operations and financial condition of ABM. This MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Financial Statements and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024, which has been filed with the SEC. This MD&A contains forward-looking statements about our business, operations, and industry that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements regarding our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions. Our future results and financial condition may be materially different from those we currently anticipate. See “Forward-Looking Statements” for more information.

Throughout the MD&A, amounts and percentages may not recalculate due to rounding. Unless otherwise indicated, all information in the MD&A and references to years are based on our fiscal years, which end on October 31.

ABM is a leading provider of integrated facility solutions, customized by industry, with a mission to make a difference, every person, every day.

ELEVATE Strategy

In December 2021, we announced our multiyear strategic plan called ELEVATE. The ELEVATE strategy is designed to strengthen our industry leadership position through end-market repositioning and build on our core services, which we expect will drive significant long-term value for our stakeholders.

We will continue to make significant investments over the life of the program, which are expected to total $200 - $215 million, and we will continue to implement various measures with the aim to ELEVATE:

•the client experience, by serving as a trusted advisor who can provide innovative multiservice solutions and consistent service delivery;

•the team member experience, by investing in workforce management, training, developing the next generation of ABM leaders, and building on our inclusive culture; and

•our use of technology and data to power client and employee experiences with cutting-edge data and analytics, processes, and tools that will fundamentally change how we operate our business.

•Revenues increased by $45.3 million, or 2.2%, to $2,114.9 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. Revenue growth was comprised of organic growth of 1.6% and acquisition growth of 0.6%. The organic revenue growth was due to the higher project revenues due to the timing of certain microgrid systems design and installation projects within Technical Solutions and net new business and expansion of business with existing customers within Aviation and Education. The increase in revenues was partially offset by attrition of engineering customers within B&I and a loss of a certain customer within M&D. Acquisition growth was driven by a $12.7 million revenue increase from the Quality Uptime Acquisition, which was completed in June 2024.

•We had an increase in operating profit of $3.5 million, to $77.6 million, during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributed to:

◦respective revenue increases and contract and service mix and operational efficiencies; and

◦an absence of a $5.3 million unfavorable self-insurance reserve adjustment related to prior year claims from actuarial evaluations completed in the three months ended January 31, 2024.

◦base wage increases within Aviation and Education; and

◦an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses, primarily due to higher compensation expenses from headcount expansion from recent acquisitions and ongoing business growth.

•Our effective tax rates from income on operations for the three months ended January 31, 2025, and January 31, 2024, were 21.4% and 17.3%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended January 31, 2025, was reduced by discrete items, primarily return to provision adjustments related to our non-U.S. operations. Our effective tax rate for three months ended January 31, 2024, benefited from discrete items, primarily uncertain tax positions, share-based compensation, and return to provision adjustments.

•Net cash used in operating activities was $106.2 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $0.1 million during the prior year period. The change was primarily driven by an increase in working capital due to the transition to the Company’s new ERP systems for our Business and Industry and Manufacturing and Distribution segments that temporarily delayed invoicing to certain clients within these industry groups. We anticipate improvement in our operating cash flows next quarter and full normalization in the second half of fiscal year 2025.

•Dividends of $16.4 million were paid to shareholders, and dividends totaling $0.265 per common share were declared during the three months ended January 31, 2025.

•At January 31, 2025, total outstanding borrowings under our Amended Credit Facility were $1.5 billion. At January 31, 2025, we had up to $238.0 million of borrowing capacity.

Revenues increased by $45.3 million, or 2.2%, to $2,114.9 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. Revenue growth was comprised of organic growth of 1.6% and acquisition growth of 0.6%. The organic revenue growth was due to the higher project revenues due to the timing of certain microgrid systems design and installation projects within Technical Solutions and net new business and expansion of business with existing customers within Aviation and Education. The increase in revenues was partially offset by attrition of engineering customers within B&I and a loss of a certain customer within M&D. Acquisition growth was driven by a $12.7 million revenue increase from the Quality Uptime Acquisition, which was completed in June 2024.

Operating expenses increased by $28.8 million, or 1.6%, to $1,855.1 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. Gross margin increased by 53 bps to 12.3% in the three months ended January 31, 2025, from 11.8% in the prior year period. The increase in gross margin was primarily driven by contract and service mix and operational efficiencies as well as an absence of a $5.3 million unfavorable self-insurance reserve adjustment related to prior year claims from actuarial evaluations completed in the three months ended January 31, 2024, partially offset by base wage increases within Aviation and Education.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $14.4 million, or 9.3%, to $169.0 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to:

•an $8.1 million increase in compensation and related expenses primarily due to higher salaries, certain incentive plans, and headcount expansion from recent acquisitions and ongoing business growth within Technical Solutions; and

•a $3.6 million increase in accruals for actual and potential legal settlements.

Amortization of intangible assets decreased by $1.3 million, or 9.4%, to $13.3 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. The decrease was primarily due to the lower amortization of intangibles, primarily intangibles acquired as part of the Able Acquisition.

Interest expense increased by $1.6 million, or 7.1%, to $22.9 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period, and was driven by higher borrowings from our Amended Credit Facility to fund working capital requirements.

Our effective tax rates from income on operations for the three months ended January 31, 2025, and January 31, 2024, were 21.4% and 17.3%, respectively, resulting in provisions for taxes of $11.9 million and $9.3 million, respectively.

We had a loss of $1.1 million on interest rate swaps during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to a loss of $16.0 million during the three months ended January 31, 2024, primarily due to underlying changes in the fair value of our interest rate swaps.

We had a foreign currency translation loss of $7.6 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $5.4 million during the three months ended January 31, 2024. This change was due to fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar (“USD”) and the British pound sterling (“GBP”). Future gains and losses on foreign currency translation will be dependent upon changes in the relative value of foreign currencies to the USD and the extent of our foreign assets and liabilities.

B&I revenues decreased by $10.2 million, or 1.0%, to $1,022.9 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. The revenue decrease was primarily driven by the attrition of certain engineering clients and a decrease in work orders, partially offset by client expansions and new wins both domestic and international. Management reimbursement revenues for this segment totaled $71.3 million and $70.5 million for the three months ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Operating profit decreased by $0.2 million, or 0.3%, to $79.4 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin increased by 5 bps to 7.8% in the three months ended January 31, 2025, from 7.7% in the prior year period. The increase in operating profit margin was primarily driven by contract and service mix, lower bad debt, and legal expense as well as amortization of intangible assets.

M&D revenues decreased by $6.6 million, or 1.6%, to $394.3 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. The decrease was primarily attributable to a loss of a certain customer, partially offset by new business.

Operating profit decreased by $1.9 million, or 4.8%, to $39.4 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin decreased by 33 bps to 10.0% in the three months ended January 31, 2025, from 10.3% in the prior year period. The decrease in operating profit margin was primarily attributable to investments to hire certain technical expertise to support future growth and higher legal expense, partially offset by the contract mix.

Aviation revenues increased by $20.6 million, or 8.2%, to $270.1 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributable to new business and scope expansions with the existing clients. Management reimbursement revenues for this segment totaled $10.6 million and $9.5 million for the three months ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Operating profit increased by $2.5 million, or 25.9%, to $12.2 million for the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin increased by 63 bps to 4.5% in the three months ended January 31, 2025. The operating profit margin increased primarily due to contract mix, partially offset by base wage increases.

Education revenues increased by $5.2 million, or 2.4%, to $225.3 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributable to new business wins and an increase in work orders.

Operating profit increased by $1.3 million, or 9.9%, to $14.0 million for the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin increased by 43 bps to 6.2% in the three months ended January 31, 2025, from 5.8% in the prior year period. The increase in operating profit margin was primarily attributable to operational efficiencies, particularly in managing overtime, materials and supplies, and general and administrative headcount, partially offset by base wage increases.

Technical Solutions revenues increased by $36.4 million, or 21.9%, to $202.3 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. Revenue growth was comprised of organic growth of 14.2% and acquisition growth of 7.7%. The organic revenue growth was primarily driven by higher project revenues due to the timing of certain microgrid systems design and installation projects, partially offset by a decrease in electric vehicle charging station sales. Acquisition growth was driven by a $12.7 million revenue increase from the Quality Uptime Acquisition, which was completed in June 2024.

Operating profit increased by $10.0 million to $16.6 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin increased by 424 bps to 8.2% in the three months ended January 31, 2025, from 4.0% in the prior year period. The increase in operating profit margin was primarily attributable to the contract mix, partially offset by higher selling, general, and administrative expenses, mainly due to increased compensation costs associated with headcount expansion from recent acquisitions and ongoing business growth.

Corporate expenses increased by $8.5 million, or 11.4%, to $83.2 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. The increase in corporate expenses was primarily attributable to:

•a $4.9 million increase in accruals for actual and potential legal settlements;

•a $4.3 million increase in compensation and related expenses primarily due to higher salaries and certain incentive plans; and

•a $2.0 million increase in acquisition and integration costs.

•an absence of a $5.3 million unfavorable self-insurance reserve adjustment from actuarial evaluations completed in the three months ended January 31, 2024.

Our primary sources of liquidity are operating cash flows and borrowing capacity under our Amended Credit Facility. We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our short- and long-term cash requirements. As such, we project our anticipated cash requirements as well as cash flows generated from operating activities to meet those needs.

In addition to normal working capital requirements, we anticipate that our short- and long-term cash requirements will include funding legal settlements, insurance claims, dividend payments, capital expenditures, share repurchases, mandatory loan repayments, contingent consideration payments from acquisitions and systems and technology transformation initiatives under our ELEVATE strategy. We anticipate long-term cash uses may also include strategic acquisitions. On a long-term basis, we will continue to rely on our Amended Credit Facility for any long-term funding not provided by operating cash flows.

We believe that our operating cash flows and borrowing capacity under our Amended Credit Facility are sufficient to fund our cash requirements for the next 12 months. In the event that our plans change or our cash requirements are greater than we anticipate, we may need to access the capital markets to finance future cash requirements.

However, there can be no assurance that such financing will be available to us should we need it or, if available, that the terms will be satisfactory to us and not dilutive to existing shareholders.

On September 1, 2017, we refinanced and replaced our then-existing $800.0 million credit facility with a new senior, secured five-year syndicated credit facility, consisting of a $900.0 million revolver and an $800.0 million amortizing term loan. In accordance with terms of the Credit Facility, the revolver was reduced to $800.0 million on September 1, 2018.

On June 28, 2021, the Company amended and restated the Credit Facility, extending the maturity date to June 28, 2026, and increasing the capacity of the revolving credit facility from $800.0 million to $1.3 billion and the then-remaining term loan outstanding from $620.0 million to $650.0 million. The Amended Credit Facility provides for the issuance of up to $350.0 million for standby letters of credit and the issuance of up to $75.0 million in swingline advances. The obligations under the Amended Credit Facility are secured on a first-priority basis by a lien on substantially all of our assets and properties, subject to certain exceptions. Additionally, we may repay amounts borrowed under the Amended Credit Facility at any time without penalty.

At November 1, 2022, we amended our Amended Credit Facility pursuant to the LIBOR Transition Amendment and the Fifth Amendment to replace the benchmark rate at which U.S.-dollar-denominated borrowings bear interest from LIBOR to the forward-looking SOFR term rate administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited. As a result of these amendments, we can borrow at Term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% subject to a floor of zero.

During the three months ended January 31, 2025, we made principal payments under the term loan of $8.1 million. At January 31, 2025, the total outstanding borrowings under our Amended Credit Facility in the form of cash borrowings and standby letters of credit were $1.5 billion and $29.7 million, respectively, and our weighted average interest rate on all outstanding borrowings, excluding letters of credit, was 6.17%. At January 31, 2025, we had up to $238.0 million of borrowing capacity.

IFM Assurance Company (“IFM”) is a wholly owned captive insurance company that we formed in 2015. IFM is part of our enterprise-wide, multiyear insurance strategy that is intended to better position our risk and safety programs and provide us with increased flexibility in the end-to-end management of our insurance programs. IFM began providing coverage to us as of January 1, 2015.

We repurchased shares under the share repurchase program during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as summarized below. Share repurchases may take place on the open market or otherwise, and all or part of the repurchases may be made pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing of repurchases is at our discretion and will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, future cash flows, share price, share availability, and other factors. Repurchased shares are retired and returned to an authorized but unissued status. The share repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.

At January 31, 2025, authorization for $133.2 million of repurchases remained under our share repurchase program.

In addition to revenues and operating profit, our management views operating cash flows as a good indicator of financial performance, because strong operating cash flows provide opportunities for growth both organically and through acquisitions. Operating cash flows primarily depend on: revenue levels; the quality and timing of collections of accounts receivable; the timing of payments to suppliers and other vendors; the timing and amount of income tax payments; and the timing and amount of payments on insurance claims and legal settlements.

Net cash used in operating activities was $106.2 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $0.1 million during the prior year period.The change was primarily driven by an increase in working capital due to the transition to the Company’s new ERP systems for our Business and Industry and Manufacturing and Distribution segments that temporarily delayed invoicing to certain clients within these industry groups. We anticipate improvement in our operating cash flows next quarter and full normalization in the second half of fiscal year 2025.

Net cash used in investing activities increased by $1.4 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. This quarter’s activity was primarily related to purchases of property, plant and equipment.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $116.9 million during the three months ended January 31, 2025, as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $0.5 million during the prior year period. The change was primarily related to an increase in net borrowings from our Amended Credit Facility to fund $106.2 million of net cash used by operating activities.

For disclosures on contingencies, see Note 10, “Commitments and Contingencies,” of the Notes to unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Our Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which require us to make certain estimates in the application of our accounting policies based on the best assumptions, judgments, and opinions of our management. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates. For a description of our critical accounting policies, see Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024.