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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission File Number 001-36636
image1-logoa03.jpg
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 05-0412693
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
One Citizens Plaza, Providence, RI 02903
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(203) 900-6715
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share
CFG New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 5.000% Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E
CFG PrE New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 7.375% Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series H
CFG PrH
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☑ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☑ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☑ No
There were 433,649,118 shares of the registrant’s common stock ($0.01 par value) outstanding on April 25, 2025.



Table of Contents
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Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 2


GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND TERMS
    The following is a list of common acronyms and terms used regularly in our financial reporting:
2024 Form 10-K
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024
AACL Adjusted Allowance for Credit Losses
ACL Allowance for Credit Losses: Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses plus Allowance for Unfunded Lending Commitments
AFS Available for Sale
ALM Asset and Liability Management
AOCI Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
ASU Accounting Standards Update
ATM Automated Teller Machine
Board or Board of Directors The Board of Directors of Citizens Financial Group, Inc.
bps Basis Points
CBNA Citizens Bank, National Association
CCB Capital Conservation Buffer
CECL
Current Expected Credit Losses (ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments)
CET1 Common Equity Tier 1
CET1 capital ratio Common Equity Tier 1 capital divided by total risk-weighted assets as defined under the U.S. Basel III Standardized approach
Citizens, CFG, the Company, we, us, or our Citizens Financial Group, Inc. and its Subsidiaries
CLTV Combined Loan-to-Value
CODM
Chief Operating Decision Maker
CRE
Commercial Real Estate
Efficiency Ratio
Noninterest expense divided by total revenue, inclusive of net interest income and noninterest income
EPS Earnings Per Share
EVE Economic Value of Equity
Exchange Act The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
Fannie Mae (FNMA) Federal National Mortgage Association
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDM Financially Distressed Modification
FHA Federal Housing Administration
FHLB Federal Home Loan Bank
FICO Fair Isaac Corporation (credit rating)
FRB or Federal Reserve Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and, as applicable, Federal Reserve Bank(s)
Freddie Mac (FHLMC) Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
FTE Fully Taxable Equivalent
GAAP Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States of America
GDP Gross Domestic Product
Ginnie Mae (GNMA) Government National Mortgage Association
GSE Government Sponsored Entity
HTM Held To Maturity
LHFS Loans Held for Sale
LIHTC Low Income Housing Tax Credit
M&A
Merger and Acquisition
MD&A Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 3


Modified AACL transition
The Day-1 CECL adoption entry booked to ACL plus 25% of subsequent CECL ACL reserve build
Modified CECL transition
The Day-1 CECL adoption entry booked to retained earnings plus 25% of subsequent CECL ACL reserve build
MSRs Mortgage Servicing Rights
NMTC New Markets Tax Credit
OCC Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCI Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Parent Company Citizens Financial Group, Inc. (the Parent Company of Citizens Bank, National Association and other subsidiaries)
PCD Purchased Credit Deteriorated
ROTCE Return on Average Tangible Common Equity
RPA Risk Participation Agreement
RWA Risk-Weighted Assets
SBA United States Small Business Administration
SCB Stress Capital Buffer
SEC United States Securities and Exchange Commission
SOFR Secured Overnight Financing Rate
TBAs To-Be-Announced Mortgage Securities
Tier 1 capital ratio Tier 1 capital, which includes Common Equity Tier 1 capital plus non-cumulative perpetual preferred equity that qualifies as additional tier 1 capital, divided by total risk-weighted assets as defined under the U.S. Basel III Standardized approach
Tier 1 leverage ratio Tier 1 capital, which includes Common Equity Tier 1 capital plus non-cumulative perpetual preferred equity that qualifies as additional tier 1 capital, divided by quarterly adjusted average assets as defined under the U.S. Basel III Standardized approach
Total capital ratio Total capital, which includes Common Equity Tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital, and allowance for credit losses and qualifying subordinated debt that qualifies as tier 2 capital, divided by total risk-weighted assets as defined under the U.S. Basel III Standardized approach
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
VA United States Department of Veterans Affairs
VaR Value at Risk
VIE Variable Interest Entity
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Page
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statement that does not describe historical or current facts is a forward-looking statement. These statements often include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “goals,” “targets,” “initiatives,” “potentially,” “probably,” “projects,” “outlook,” “guidance” or similar expressions or future conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “likely,” “should,” “would,” and “could.”
Forward-looking statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of management, and on information currently available to management. Our statements speak as of the date hereof, and we do not assume any obligation to update these statements or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those contained in such statements in light of new information or future events. We caution you, therefore, against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of future performance. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include the following, without limitation:
•Negative economic, business and political conditions, including as a result of the interest rate environment, supply chain disruptions, tariffs, inflationary pressures and labor shortages, that adversely affect the general economy, housing prices, the job market, consumer confidence and spending habits;
•The general state of the economy and employment, as well as general business and economic conditions, and changes in the competitive environment;
•Our capital and liquidity requirements under regulatory standards and our ability to generate capital and liquidity on favorable terms;
•The effect of changes in our credit ratings on our cost of funding, access to capital markets, ability to market our securities, and overall liquidity position;
•The effect of changes in the level of commercial and consumer deposits on our funding costs and net interest margin;
•Our ability to execute on our strategic business initiatives and achieve our financial performance goals across our Consumer and Commercial businesses, including our Private Bank;
•The effects of geopolitical instability, including the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, on economic and market conditions, inflationary pressures and the interest rate environment, commodity price and foreign exchange rate volatility, and heightened cybersecurity risks;
•Our ability to comply with heightened supervisory requirements and expectations as well as new or amended regulations;
•Liabilities and business restrictions resulting from litigation and regulatory investigations;
•The effect of changes in interest rates on our net interest income, net interest margin and our mortgage originations, mortgage servicing rights and mortgages held for sale;
•Changes in interest rates and market liquidity, as well as the magnitude of such changes, which may reduce interest margins, impact funding sources and affect the ability to originate and distribute financial products in the primary and secondary markets;
•Financial services reform and other current, pending or future legislation or regulation that could have a negative effect on our revenue and businesses;
•Environmental risks, such as physical or transition risks associated with climate change, and social and governance risks, that could adversely affect our reputation, operations, business, and customers;
•A failure in or breach of our compliance with laws, as well as operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our third-party vendors or other service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks; and
•Management’s ability to identify and manage these and other risks.
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In addition to the above factors, we also caution that the actual amounts and timing of any future common stock dividends or share repurchases will be subject to various factors, including our capital position, financial performance, capital impacts of strategic initiatives, market conditions, and regulatory considerations, as well as any other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant in making such a determination. Therefore, there can be no assurance that we will repurchase shares from or pay any dividends to holders of our common stock, or as to the amount of any such repurchases or dividends.
More information about factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in the “Risk Factors” section in Part I, Item 1A of our 2024 Form 10-K.
INTRODUCTION
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. is one of the nation’s oldest and largest financial institutions, with $220.1 billion in assets as of March 31, 2025. Headquartered in Providence, Rhode Island, we offer a broad range of retail and commercial banking products and services to individuals, small businesses, middle-market companies, large corporations and institutions. We help our customers reach their potential by listening to them and by understanding their needs in order to offer tailored advice, ideas and solutions. In Consumer Banking, we provide an integrated experience that includes mobile and online banking, a full-service customer contact center and the convenience of approximately 3,100 ATMs and approximately 1,000 branches in 14 states and the District of Columbia. Consumer Banking products and services include a full range of banking, lending, savings, wealth management and small business offerings. In Commercial Banking, we offer a broad complement of financial products and solutions, including lending and leasing, deposit and treasury management services, foreign exchange, interest rate and commodity risk management solutions, as well as loan syndication, corporate finance, merger and acquisition, and debt and equity capital markets capabilities.
The following MD&A is intended to assist readers in their analysis of the accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements and supplemental financial information. It should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, as well as other information contained in this document and our 2024 Form 10-K.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This summary highlights select financial information of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as well as information regarding certain significant events and transactions occurring during this period. This summary should be read in conjunction with this entire document for a more complete understanding of trends, events, commitments, uncertainties, liquidity, capital resources and critical accounting policies and estimates. Each of these items, taken individually or collectively, could have an impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For additional information regarding our financial performance and condition, see “Results of Operations” and “Analysis of Financial Condition.”
Key Financial Highlights
•Net income of $373 million increased $39 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, with earnings per diluted common share up $0.12 to $0.77 compared to the same period in 2024.
•Net income available to common stockholders of $340 million increased $36 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024.
•Total revenue of $1.9 billion decreased $24 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by a decrease of 4% in net interest income.
•The efficiency ratio of 67.91% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to 69.33% for the same period in 2024.
•ROTCE of 9.64% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to 8.86% for the same period in 2024.
•Tangible book value per common share of $33.97 increased 5% from December 31, 2024.
See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information regarding the ROTCE and tangible book value per common share non-GAAP financial measures presented herein.
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Sale of Education Loans
During the first quarter of 2025, we entered into an agreement to sell $1.9 billion of Non-Core education loans and subsequently reclassified these loans to LHFS. Upon reclassification to LHFS, a charge-off of $25 million was recognized, which was covered by existing reserves. This transaction will settle ratably each quarter throughout 2025, with $200 million settled during the first quarter, and is expected to be accretive to net interest margin, EPS, and ROTCE.
Senior Notes Offering
On March 5, 2025, the Parent Company issued $750 million of fixed/floating-rate senior notes that mature on March 5, 2031. The senior notes bear interest at a rate of 5.253% per annum until March 4, 2030, and at SOFR plus 1.259% from March 5, 2030 until maturity. See Note 7 for additional information regarding the Company’s borrowed funds.
Share Repurchases
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Parent Company repurchased $200 million of its outstanding common stock. See Note 10 and Item 2 for additional information on share repurchase activity.
Other Developments
On March 27, 2025, the SEC voted to end its defense of several court challenges of its climate disclosure rule. The rule requires companies to disclose certain climate-related matters, including risks, activities to mitigate or adapt to such risks, governance, financial effects of severe weather events, and audited measurements of certain greenhouse gas emissions. The SEC paused implementation of the rule last year while federal courts considered various legal challenges brought by states, businesses and business groups, which were consolidated in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. With the SEC withdrawing from the lawsuit, litigation is expected to continue with the court ultimately deciding whether the rule will remain in effect as adopted. The rule remains stayed until the litigation is resolved. For additional information regarding the SEC’s climate-related rule and other climate-related laws and regulations that we may be subject to, see “Regulation and Supervision” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
On March 28, 2025, the FDIC, FRB and OCC announced their intention to issue a proposal to both rescind the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) final rule issued in October 2023 and reinstate the CRA framework that existed prior to this final rule. In their announcement, the three banking agencies stated that they will continue to work together to promote a consistent regulatory approach on their implementation of the CRA. For additional information regarding the CRA including its existing framework and the primary provisions of the October 2023 final rule, see “Regulation and Supervision” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
We will continue to monitor these regulatory developments and the ultimate outcome of the SEC’s climate disclosure rule and the CRA framework imposed by the banking agencies.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Interest Income
Net interest income is our largest source of revenue and is the difference between the interest earned on interest-earning assets (generally loans and investment securities) and the interest expense incurred in connection with interest-bearing liabilities (generally deposits and borrowed funds). The level of net interest income is primarily a function of the difference between the effective yield on our average interest-earning assets and the effective cost of our interest-bearing liabilities. Factors that influence our net interest income include, but are not limited to, the pricing and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by external factors such as economic conditions, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the FRB and market interest rates. For further discussion, refer to the “Market Risk” and “Risk Governance” sections of our 2024 Form 10-K.
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The following table presents the major components of our net interest income. Average balance represents amortized cost, excluding the unamortized basis adjustments related to the transfer of certain HTM securities from AFS, and LHFS. The yield/rate is based on annualized interest income or expense for the periods presented and includes the impact of hedging activities associated with the respective asset and liability categories.
Table 1: Major Components of Net Interest Income
Three Months Ended March 31,
2025 2024
Change
(dollars in millions)
Average
Balance
Income/
Expense
Yield/
Rate
Average
Balance
Income/
Expense
Yield/
Rate
Average
Balance
Yield/
Rate (bps)
Assets
Interest-bearing cash and due from banks and deposits in banks $8,092  $89  4.42  % $10,268  $140  5.39  % ($2,176) (97) bps
Taxable investment securities 46,068  418  3.63  43,904  399  3.63  2,164  — 
Non-taxable investment securities —  2.60  —  2.60  —  — 
Total investment securities 46,069  418  3.63  43,905  399  3.63  2,164  — 
Commercial and industrial 43,599  515  4.72  44,577  635  5.64  (978) (92)
Commercial real estate 27,013  387  5.74  29,265  468  6.32  (2,252) (58)
Total commercial 70,612  902  5.11  73,842  1,103  5.91  (3,230) (80)
Residential mortgages 32,872  318  3.86  31,384  283  3.60  1,488  26 
Home equity 16,647  293  7.13  15,080  298  7.94  1,567  (81)
Automobile 4,394  47  4.38  7,758  82  4.25  (3,364) 13 
Education 10,690  148  5.61  11,816  156  5.31  (1,126) 30 
Other retail 4,495  121  10.91  4,942  129  10.54  (447) 37 
Total retail 69,098  927  5.41  70,980  948  5.36  (1,882)
Total loans and leases 139,710  1,829  5.26  144,822  2,051  5.64  (5,112) (38)
Loans held for sale
1,187  16  5.34  1,073  20  7.27  114  (193)
Interest-earning assets 195,058  2,352  4.84  200,068  2,610  5.20  (5,010) (36)
Noninterest-earning assets 21,251  20,702  549 
Total assets $216,309  $220,770  ($4,461)
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Checking with interest $32,693  $110  1.36  % $32,302  $109  1.35  % $391 
Money market 54,432  357  2.66  52,926  445  3.38  1,506  (72)
Savings 25,760  89  1.39  27,745  121  1.76  (1,985) (37)
Time
23,277  239  4.17  26,447  312  4.74  (3,170) (57)
Total interest-bearing deposits 136,162  795  2.37  139,420  987  2.85  (3,258) (48)
Short-term borrowed funds 675  4.53  498  5.53  177  (100)
Long-term borrowed funds 12,657  158  5.01  13,664  174  5.08  (1,007) (7)
Total borrowed funds 13,332  166  4.99  14,162  181  5.09  (830) (10)
Total interest-bearing liabilities 149,494  961  2.60  153,582  1,168  3.05  (4,088) (45)
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits
36,543  36,684  (141)
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities 5,971  6,791  (820)
Total liabilities 192,008  197,057  (5,049)
Stockholders’ equity 24,301  23,713  588 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $216,309  $220,770  ($4,461)
Interest rate spread 2.24  % 2.15  %
Net interest income and net interest margin $1,391  2.89  % $1,442  2.90  % (1)
Net interest income and net interest margin, FTE(1)
$1,395  2.90  % $1,446  2.91  % (1)
Memo: Total deposits (interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing demand)
$172,705  $795  1.87  % $176,104  $987  2.25  % ($3,399) (38)  bps
(1) Net interest income and net interest margin on an FTE basis are non-GAAP financial measures. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information.
Net interest income decreased $51 million, or 4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven primarily by a decrease of 3% in average interest-earning assets, partially offset by a decrease of 3% in average interest-bearing liabilities.
Net interest margin on an FTE basis decreased 1 basis point for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, as the impact of variable-rate asset repricing was largely offset by the benefit of lower funding costs, Non-Core portfolio runoff and fixed-rate asset repricing.
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Average interest-earning assets decreased $5.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by a decline in total loans and leases and cash held in interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by an increase in investment securities.
Average deposits decreased $3.4 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, driven by lower commercial deposits and a reduction in higher-cost Treasury deposits, partially offset by an increase in consumer deposits driven by the Private Bank.
Average total borrowed funds decreased $830 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, reflecting a decline in FHLB advances and auto collateralized borrowings, given runoff of the Non-Core portfolio, partially offset by an increase in senior debt.
Noninterest Income
Table 2: Noninterest Income
Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024 Change Percent
Service charges and fees $109  $96  $13  14  %
Capital markets fees 100  118  (18) (15)
Card fees 83  86  (3) (3)
Wealth fees
81  68  13  19 
Mortgage banking fees 59  49  10  20 
Foreign exchange and derivative products 39  36 
Letter of credit and loan fees 44  42 
Securities gains, net 40 
Other income(1)
22  17  29 
Noninterest income $544  $517  $27  %
(1) Includes bank-owned life insurance income and other income for all periods presented.
The primary drivers for the change in noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, are described below.
•Service charges and fees increased driven primarily by higher cash management and overdraft fees.
•Wealth fees reflect growth in Private Bank assets under management.
•Mortgage banking fees increased driven by higher MSR valuation, net of hedging.
•Capital markets fees decreased reflecting lower M&A fees, partially offset by higher loan syndication and bond underwriting fees.
Noninterest Expense
Table 3: Noninterest Expense
Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024 Change Percent
Salaries and employee benefits $696  $691  $5  %
Equipment and software 194  192 
Outside services 155  158  (3) (2)
Occupancy 112  114  (2) (2)
Other operating expense 157  203  (46) (23)
Noninterest expense $1,314  $1,358  ($44) (3  %)
The decrease in noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was driven primarily by other operating expense associated with FDIC deposit insurance, reflecting $35 million for CBNA’s special assessment recognized in 2024, and lower fraud losses.
For more information regarding CBNA’s special assessment, see “Regulation and Supervision - Deposit Insurance” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
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Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses is the result of a detailed analysis performed to estimate our ACL. The total provision for credit losses includes the provision for loan and lease losses and the provision for unfunded commitments. Refer to “Analysis of Financial Condition — Credit Quality” for more information.
Provision expense of $153 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 decreased compared with a provision of $171 million for the same period in 2024, reflecting Non-Core portfolio runoff and improving loan mix.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense of $95 million decreased $1 million and our effective income tax rate of 20.3% decreased from 22.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. These decreases are primarily driven by lower stock-related compensation. Provision for income taxes is calculated by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date pre-tax income, adjusting for discrete items that occurred during the period.
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ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
Securities
Table 4: Amortized Cost and Fair Value of Securities
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions)
Amortized
Cost(1)
Fair Value
Amortized
Cost(1)
Fair Value
U.S. Treasury and other $4,145  $4,069  $3,631  $3,525 
State and political subdivisions
Mortgage-backed securities:
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities 31,444  29,753  30,897  28,795 
Other/non-agency 272  261  273  260 
Total mortgage-backed securities 31,716  30,014  31,170  29,055 
Collateralized loan obligations 124  124  184  184 
   Total debt securities available for sale $35,986  $34,208  $34,986  $32,765 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities $8,077  $7,129  $8,187  $7,136 
Total mortgage-backed securities 8,077  7,129  8,187  7,136 
Asset-backed securities 392  386  412  404 
   Total debt securities held to maturity $8,469  $7,515  $8,599  $7,540 
   Total debt securities available for sale and held to maturity
$44,455  $41,723  $43,585  $40,305 
Equity securities, at cost(2)
$711  $711  $710  $710 
Equity securities, at fair value(2)
236  236  220  220 
(1) Excludes portfolio level basis adjustments of $(2) million and $(75) million, respectively, for securities designated in active fair value hedge relationships under the portfolio layer method at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(2) Included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The primary objective of our securities portfolio is to provide a readily available source of liquidity. The portfolio primarily includes high-quality, highly liquid investments reflecting our ongoing commitment to maintain strong contingent liquidity levels and pledging capacity.
As of March 31, 2025, U.S. Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities issued by GNMA and GSEs represented 98% of the fair value of our debt securities portfolio, with approximately $37.7 billion of unencumbered high-quality liquid securities serving as potential collateral for borrowings from the FHLB, FRB discount window, and the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation bilateral repurchase agreement market.
For further discussion of the use of our securities as liquidity collateral see the “Liquidity Risk” section in this report. For further discussion of liquidity requirements, see “Regulation and Supervision — Liquidity Requirements” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
We manage our securities portfolio duration and convexity risk through asset selection and securities structure, and maintain duration levels within our risk appetite in the context of our broader interest rate risk framework and limits. As of March 31, 2025, the portfolio’s average effective duration, including hedging actions to reduce duration, was 3.6 years compared to 3.7 years as of December 31, 2024.
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Loans and Leases    
Table 5: Composition of Loans and Leases, Excluding LHFS
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Change  Percent
Commercial and industrial $43,781  $42,551  $1,230  %
Commercial real estate 26,727  27,225  (498) (2)
Total commercial 70,508  69,776  732 
Residential mortgages 33,114  32,726  388 
Home equity 16,853  16,495  358 
Automobile 4,044  4,744  (700) (15)
Education 8,779  10,812  (2,033) (19)
Other retail 4,337  4,650  (313) (7)
Total retail 67,127  69,427  (2,300) (3)
Total loans and leases $137,635  $139,203  ($1,568) (1) %
The decrease in total loans and leases as of March 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 reflects a $2.3 billion decrease in retail driven by an agreement entered into during the first quarter to sell $1.9 billion of Non-Core education loans. The decrease in retail is also attributable to Non-Core portfolio runoff, partially offset by growth in home equity and mortgage, including the Private Bank. Commercial reflects a $732 million increase driven by higher line of credit utilization, partially offset by CRE paydowns.
Credit Quality
The ACL is maintained at a level the Company believes to be appropriate to absorb expected lifetime credit losses over the contractual life of a loan or lease and on unfunded lending commitments, inclusive of recoveries. For additional information regarding the ACL, see “Critical Accounting Estimates — Allowance for Credit Losses” and Note 4 in this report, and “Credit Quality” and Note 6 in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Table 6: ACL and Related Coverage Ratios by Portfolio
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Loans and Leases Allowance
Coverage Ratio
Loans and Leases Allowance
Coverage Ratio
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
Commercial and industrial $43,781  $501  1.15  % $42,551  $480  1.13  %
Commercial real estate 26,727  647  2.42  27,225  660  2.42 
Total commercial 70,508  1,148  1.63  69,776  1,140  1.63 
Residential mortgages 33,114  184  0.56  32,726  194  0.59 
Home equity 16,853  98  0.58  16,495  112  0.68 
Automobile 4,044  17  0.43  4,744  24  0.51 
Education 8,779  271  3.09  10,812  292  2.70 
Other retail 4,337  296  6.80  4,650  299  6.44 
Total retail 67,127  866  1.29  69,427  921  1.33 
Total loans and leases $137,635  $2,014  1.46  % $139,203  $2,061  1.48  %
Allowance for Unfunded Lending Commitments
Commercial(1)
$164  1.86  % $155  1.86  %
Retail(2)
34  1.34  43  1.39 
     Total allowance for unfunded lending commitments 198  198 
Allowance for credit losses $137,635  $2,212  1.61  % $139,203  $2,259  1.62  %
(1) Coverage ratio includes total commercial allowance for unfunded lending commitments and total commercial allowance for loan and lease losses in the numerator and total commercial loans and leases in the denominator.
(2) Coverage ratio includes total retail allowance for unfunded lending commitments and total retail allowance for loan losses in the numerator and total retail loans in the denominator.
The ACL as of March 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 decreased $47 million, driven by a $64 million decrease in retail, given the benefit of Non-Core runoff and improving loan mix, partially offset by a $17 million increase in commercial.

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Table 7: Nonaccrual Loans and Leases
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Change Percent
Commercial and industrial $283  $241  $42  17  %
Commercial real estate 700  776  (76) (10)
Total commercial 983  1,017  (34) (3)
Residential mortgages 198  192 
Home equity 282  283  (1) — 
Automobile 39  48  (9) (19)
Education 20  56  (36) (64)
Other retail 60  68  (8) (12)
Total retail 599  647  (48) (7)
Nonaccrual loans and leases $1,582  $1,664  ($82) (5  %)
Nonaccrual loans and leases to total loans and leases 1.15  % 1.20  % (5   bps)
Allowance for loan and lease losses to nonaccrual loans and leases 127  124  %
Allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans and leases 140  136  %
The decline in nonaccrual loans and leases as of March 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 reflects a decrease in commercial primarily driven by the general office segment of CRE and a decrease in retail driven by the sale of Non-Core education loans and continued runoff of the auto portfolio. See “Executive Summary” for more information regarding the sale of education loans.

Table 8: Ratio of Net Charge-Offs to Average Loans and Leases
Three Months Ended March 31,
2025 2024
(dollars in millions) Net Charge-Offs Average Balance Ratio Net Charge-Offs Average Balance Ratio
Commercial and industrial $30  $43,599  0.28  % ($3) $44,577  (0.03) %
Commercial real estate 51  27,013  0.77  88  29,265  1.22 
Total commercial 81  70,612  0.47  85  73,842  0.47 
Residential mortgages —  32,872  0.01  31,384  0.01 
Home equity —  16,647  (0.01) (2) 15,080  (0.06)
Automobile 4,394  0.73  14  7,758  0.73 
Education 51  10,690  1.92  27  11,816  0.92 
Other retail 60  4,495  5.46  56  4,942  4.56 
Total retail 119  69,098  0.70  96  70,980  0.54 
Total loans and leases $200  $139,710  0.58  % $181  $144,822  0.50  %
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net charge-offs increased $19 million and the net charge-off ratio increased 8 basis points compared to the same period in 2024. These increases include a charge-off of $25 million resulting from the sale of Non-Core education loans. Excluding this sale, net charge-offs decreased $6 million to $175 million, or 51 basis points, compared to the same period in 2024, reflecting broadly stable retail and modestly lower commercial net charge-offs. See “Executive Summary” for more information regarding the sale of education loans.
Commercial Loan Asset Quality
Our commercial portfolio consists of traditional commercial and industrial loans, commercial leases, and commercial real estate loans. As discussed in our 2024 Form 10-K, we utilize internal risk ratings to monitor credit quality for commercial loans and leases.
Total commercial criticized balances of $7.3 billion at March 31, 2025 increased $236 million compared to December 31, 2024.
Commercial and industrial criticized balances of $2.6 billion at March 31, 2025 remained stable compared to December 31, 2024.
Commercial real estate criticized balances of $4.7 billion at March 31, 2025 increased from $4.5 billion at December 31, 2024, primarily attributable to the continued impacts of interest rates on the Multi-family sector. Approximately 97% of commercial real estate loans remain current on payments as of March 31, 2025.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 14


For more information on the distribution of commercial loans by vintage date and regulatory classification rating, see Note 4.
Table 9: Commercial and Industrial Loans by Industry Sector
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Balance
% of
Total Loans and Leases
Balance
% of
Total Loans and Leases
Industry sector
Finance and insurance
Capital call facilities $6,503  % $6,070  %
Other finance and insurance 6,608  6,446 
Other manufacturing 3,536  3,491 
Technology 2,858  2,818 
Accommodation and food services 2,367  2,599 
Health, pharma, and social assistance 2,270  2,322 
Professional, scientific, and technical services 2,547  2,313 
Energy and related 1,971  2,085 
Other services 2,099  2,061 
Wholesale trade 2,084  2,010 
Retail trade 2,052  2,000 
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 1,518  1,509 
Administrative and waste management 1,311  1,352 
Automotive 1,144  1,026 
Rental and leasing 1,054  923 
Consumer products manufacturing 778  710 
Other 3,081  2,816 
Total commercial and industrial $43,781  32  % $42,551  31  %
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 15


Table 10: Commercial Real Estate by Property Type and State
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Balance
% of
Total Loans and Leases
Balance
% of
Total Loans and Leases
Property type
Multi-family $9,886  % $9,791  %
Office
Credit tenant lease and life sciences(1)
2,163  2,135 
Other general office 2,860  2,930 
Industrial 3,393  3,575 
Retail 2,859  2,940 
Co-op 1,806  1,802 
Data center 794  1,024 
Hospitality 384  —  418  — 
Other 2,582  2,610 
Total commercial real estate $26,727  19  % $27,225  20  %
State
New York $6,658  % $6,643  %
New Jersey 3,252  3,370 
Pennsylvania 2,589  2,594 
California 2,241  2,398 
Massachusetts 1,709  1,682 
Texas 1,579  1,571 
Florida 1,211  1,123 
Other Southeast(2)
2,677  2,789 
Other 4,811  5,055 
Total commercial real estate $26,727  19  % $27,225  20  %
(1) Credit tenant lease includes loans to nationally recognized tenants with high credit ratings and life sciences includes loans to provide lab and office space for tenants involved in the study and development of scientific discoveries.
(2) Includes Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia.
Retail Loan Asset Quality
We utilize credit scores provided by FICO, which are generally refreshed on a quarterly basis, and payment and delinquency status, among other data points, to monitor credit quality for retail loans. FICO credit scores represent current and historical national industry-wide consumer level credit performance data, which management believes are the strongest indicator of potential credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and a good predictor of a borrower’s future payment performance.
Table 11: Retail Loan Portfolio Analysis
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Days Past Due and Accruing Days Past Due and Accruing
Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual
Residential mortgages
98.69  % 0.18  % 0.11  % 0.42  % 0.60  % 97.81  % 0.77  % 0.28  % 0.55  % 0.59  %
Home equity 97.61  0.56  0.16  —  1.67  97.59  0.53  0.16  —  1.72 
Automobile 96.44  1.98  0.62  —  0.96  96.18  2.11  0.70  —  1.01 
Education 99.09  0.44  0.21  0.03  0.23  98.83  0.42  0.21  0.02  0.52 
Other retail 97.01  0.97  0.62  0.02  1.38  96.86  0.99  0.67  0.02  1.46 
Total retail 98.23  % 0.47  % 0.20  % 0.21  % 0.89  % 97.75  % 0.76  % 0.30  % 0.26  % 0.93  %
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 16


Table 12: Retail Asset Quality Metrics
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Average refreshed FICO for total portfolio 775  775 
CLTV ratio for secured real estate(1)
50  % 50  %
(1) The real estate secured portfolio CLTV is calculated as the mortgage and second lien loan balance divided by the most recently available value of the property.
For more information on the aging of accruing and nonaccrual retail loans, and the distribution of retail loans by vintage date and FICO score, see Note 4.
Deposits
Table 13: Composition of Deposits
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 % of Total Deposits December 31, 2024 % of Total Deposits
Noninterest-bearing demand
$37,556  21  % $36,920  21  %
Money market 55,996  32  55,321  32 
Checking with interest 34,456  19  33,246  19 
Savings 25,765  15  25,976  15 
Time
23,803  13  23,313  13 
Total deposits $177,576  100  % $174,776  100  %
Total deposits as of March 31, 2025 increased compared to December 31, 2024, reflecting growth in the Private Bank and an increase in consumer deposits, partially offset by a decline in commercial given seasonality.
Table 14: Uninsured and Insured/Secured Deposits
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Total deposits $177,576  $174,776 
Estimated uninsured deposits(1)
77,784  76,764 
Less: Uninsured affiliate deposits eliminated in consolidation 12,849  12,705 
Less: Preferred deposits(1)(2)
6,646  6,902 
CFG adjusted estimated uninsured deposits, excluding preferred deposits
58,289  57,157 
Total estimated insured/secured deposits $119,287  $117,619 
Insured/secured deposits to total deposits 67  % 67  %
(1) As reported on CBNA’s Call Report.
(2) Represents uninsured deposits of states and political subdivisions that are secured or collateralized as required under state law.
Borrowed Funds
Total borrowed funds of $12.3 billion as of March 31, 2025 decreased $87 million compared to December 31, 2024, driven by a decline in secured borrowings collateralized by loans, largely offset by an increase in senior debt. For more information regarding our borrowed funds, see “Liquidity Risk” and Note 7.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 17


Business Segments
We have three reportable business segments: Consumer Banking, Commercial Banking, and Non-Core. The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served. Each business segment has a segment head that reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer, who has final authority over resource allocation decisions and performance assessment. The business segments reflect this management structure and the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by the Chief Executive Officer. See Note 16 for more information regarding our business segments.
The following table presents certain financial data of our business segments. Total business segment financial results differ from total consolidated financial results. These differences are reflected in Other non-segment operations. Non-segment operations are classified as Other and include assets, liabilities, capital, revenues, provision (benefit) for credit losses, expenses and income tax expense not attributed to the Company’s Consumer Banking, Commercial Banking, or Non-Core segments, as well as treasury and community development.
Table 15: Selected Financial Data for Business Segments
Three Months Ended March 31,
Consumer Banking Commercial Banking
Non-Core
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net interest income $1,193  $1,093  $441  $514  ($15) ($37)
Noninterest income 297  258  215  227  —  — 
Total revenue 1,490  1,351  656  741  (15) (37)
Noninterest expense 954  903  327  317  16  25 
Profit (loss) before credit losses
536  448  329  424  (31) (62)
Net charge-offs 86  81  77  81  37  19 
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)
450  367  252  343  (68) (81)
Income tax expense (benefit)
114  95  56  84  (17) (21)
Net income (loss)
$336  $272  $196  $259  ($51) ($60)
Average Balances:
Total assets $77,534  $73,833  $65,366  $70,100  $6,536  $10,554 
Total loans and leases(1)
71,054  67,448  62,437  67,187  6,510  10,507 
Deposits 125,728  120,019  42,178  45,912  —  — 
Interest-earning assets 71,635  68,050  63,018  67,536  6,510  10,507 
(1) Includes LHFS.
Consumer Banking
Net interest income increased $100 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by higher net interest margin, growth in average interest-earning assets, and lower funding costs.
Noninterest income increased $39 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by wealth fees, mortgage banking fees, and service charges and fees, reflecting growth in Private Bank assets under management, higher MSR valuation, net of hedging, and higher cash management and overdraft fees.
Noninterest expense increased $51 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven primarily by salaries and benefits reflecting hiring related to the Private Bank and Private Wealth build-out, as well as a broader increase in salaries and benefits. The increase is also attributable to outside services largely driven by investments across our Consumer and Private Bank, and occupancy given branch transformation efforts and the build-out of Private Bank offices. These increases are partially offset by lower fraud losses.
Net charge-offs increased $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven primarily by other retail.
Commercial Banking
Net interest income decreased $73 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by lower net interest margin and a decline in average interest-earning assets, partially offset by lower funding costs.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 18


Noninterest income decreased $12 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by capital markets fees reflecting lower M&A fees, partially offset by higher loan syndication and bond underwriting fees.
Noninterest expense increased $10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by slight increases in salaries and benefits, outside services, and fraud losses.
Net charge-offs decreased $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by CRE, largely offset by an increase in commercial and industrial.
Non-Core
Net interest income increased $22 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by a decline in funding costs relative to the highest-cost marginal funding sources during 2025, including secured borrowings collateralized by auto loans and FHLB advances.
Net charge-offs increased $18 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by a charge-off of $25 million resulting from the sale of Non-Core education loans. See “Executive Summary” for more information regarding this sale.
Average loans and leases decreased $4.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by planned Non-Core portfolio runoff.
RISK MANAGEMENT
We are committed to maintaining a strong, integrated and proactive approach to the management of all risks to which we are exposed in pursuit of our business objectives. A key aspect of our Board’s responsibility as the main decision-making body is setting our risk appetite to ensure that the levels of risk that we are willing to accept in the attainment of our strategic business and financial objectives are clearly understood.
To enable our Board to carry out its objectives, it has delegated authority for risk management activities, as well as governance and oversight of those activities, to a number of Board and executive management level risk committees. The Executive Risk Committee, chaired by the Chief Risk Officer, is responsible for oversight of risk across the enterprise and actively considers our inherent material risks, analyzes our overall risk profile and seeks confirmation that the risks are being appropriately identified, assessed and mitigated. Reporting to the Executive Risk Committee are the following committees covering specific areas of risk: Compliance and Operational Risk, Model Risk, Credit Policy, Asset Liability, Business Initiatives Review, and Conduct and Ethics.
There have been no significant changes in our risk management practices, risk framework, risk appetite, or credit risk management as described in “Risk Governance” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Credit Risk
Credit risk represents the potential for loss arising from the failure of a customer, counterparty, or issuer to perform in accordance with the contractual terms of an obligation. While the majority of our credit risk is associated with lending activities, we do engage with other financial counterparties for a variety of purposes including investing, asset and liability management, and trading activities. Given the financial impact of credit risk on our earnings and balance sheet, the assessment, approval and management of credit risk represents a significant part of our overall risk-management responsibility.
Our independent Credit Risk Function is responsible for reviewing and approving the credit risk appetite across all lines of business and credit products, approving larger and higher-risk credit transactions, monitoring portfolio performance, identifying problem credit exposures, and ensuring remedial management. Credit Risk actively monitors and manages concentrations of loan limits, loan types, industries, and geographies to ensure that our risk appetite is well balanced to achieve our goals.
We employ a comprehensive and integrated risk control program to proactively identify, measure, monitor, and mitigate existing and emerging credit risks across the credit life cycle including origination, account/portfolio management, and loss mitigation and recovery. For more information regarding our credit risk management practices, see “Credit Risk Management” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
For more information regarding credit quality, see “Credit Quality” in Item 2.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 19


Market Risk
Market risk refers to potential losses arising from changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices and/or other relevant market rates or prices. Modest market risk arises from trading activities that serve customer needs, including the hedging of interest rate and foreign exchange risk. As described below, the market risk arising from our non-trading banking activities, such as the origination of loans and deposit-gathering, is more significant. We have established enterprise-wide policies and methodologies to identify, measure, monitor and report market risk. We actively manage market risk for both non-trading and trading activities.
Non-Trading Risk
Our non-trading banking activities expose us to market risk. This market risk is composed of interest rate risk, as we have no commodity risk and de minimis direct currency and equity risk. We also have market risk related to capital markets loan originations, as well as the valuation of our MSRs. There have been no significant changes in our sources of interest rate risk, interest rate risk practices, risk framework, metrics or assumptions as described in “Market Risk — Non-Trading Risk” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
The table below presents the sensitivity of net interest income to various parallel yield curve shifts from the market implied forward yield curve. Our policies involve measuring exposures as a percentage change in net interest income over the next year due to either instantaneous or gradual parallel changes in rates relative to the market implied forward yield curve. As the following table illustrates, our balance sheet is slightly asset sensitive; net interest income would benefit from an increase in interest rates, while exposure to a decline in interest rates is within limits established and monitored by senior management. While an instantaneous and severe shift in interest rates is included in this analysis, we believe that any actual shift in interest rates would be more gradual and, therefore, have a more modest impact.
Table 16: Sensitivity of Net Interest Income
Estimated % Change in Net Interest Income over 12 Months
Basis points March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Gradual Change in Interest Rates
+200 2.2  % 2.2  %
+100 1.0  1.0 
-100 (1.0) (0.9)
-200 (2.1) (1.8)
Instantaneous Change in Interest Rates    
+200 2.5  % 1.8  %
+100 1.5  1.1 
-100 (1.7) (1.3)
-200 (4.1) (3.3)
We continue to manage asset sensitivity within the scope of our policy, changing market conditions and changes in our balance sheet. The Company’s base case net interest income assumes the forward-rate path implied by the period-end yield curve is realized. The rate risk exposure is then measured based on assumed changes from that base case rate path.
Our risk position is slightly asset sensitive to a gradual change in rates as of March 31, 2025, consistent with our position as of December 31, 2024. Our interest rate sensitivity incorporates the impacts of changes in our balance sheet mix, including securities, loans, deposits, borrowed funds and hedge activity. Receive fixed swaps that offset our naturally asset-sensitive balance sheet represent the primary hedging tool utilized to manage overall asset sensitivity. Pay fixed swaps against our securities portfolio are also utilized to protect capital by reducing AOCI volatility.
We use a valuation measure of exposure to structural interest rate risk, EVE, as a supplement to net interest income simulations. EVE complements net interest income simulation analysis as it estimates risk exposure over a long-term horizon. EVE measures the extent to which the economic value of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments may change in response to fluctuations in interest rates. This analysis is highly dependent upon assumptions applied to assets and liabilities with non-contractual maturities. We employ sophisticated models for prepayments and deposit pricing and attrition, which provide a granular view of cash flows based on the unique characteristics of the underlying products and customer segments. The change in value is expressed as a percentage of regulatory capital.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 20


We use interest rate contracts as part of our ALM strategy to manage exposure to the variability in the interest cash flows on our floating-rate assets and wholesale funding, the variability in the fair value of AFS securities, and to hedge market risk on fixed-rate capital markets debt issuances.
The following table presents interest rate derivative contracts that we have entered into as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 17: Interest Rate Hedges Used to Manage Non-Trading Interest Rate Exposure
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Weighted Average Weighted Average
(dollars in millions) Notional Amount Maturity (Years) Fixed Rate Reset Rate Notional Amount Maturity (Years) Fixed Rate Reset Rate
Fair value hedges:
Asset conversion swaps:
AFS securities:
Pay fixed/receive SOFR $7,907  4.6  3.8  % 4.4  % $7,827  4.7  3.8  % 4.5  %
Liability conversion swaps:
Long-term borrowed funds:
Receive fixed/pay SOFR
500  0.6  2.6  4.7  500  0.9  2.6  4.8 
Total fair value hedges 8,407  8,327 
Cash flow hedges:
Asset conversion swaps:
Loans:
Swaps
Receive fixed/pay SOFR 26,250  1.4  3.1  4.4  26,250  1.7  3.1  4.5 
Receive fixed/pay SOFR - forward-starting 21,500  3.3  3.8  3.6  20,000  3.5  3.7  4.0 
Pay fixed/receive SOFR - forward-starting
1,483  3.4  3.7  4.0  —  —  —  — 
Basis swaps
Receive SOFR/pay 1-month term SOFR 11,500  1.3  —  4.4/4.3 11,500  1.6  —  4.5/4.3
Receive SOFR/pay 1-month term SOFR - forward-starting 3,000  2.1  —  4.0/3.9 3,000  2.4  —  4.0/4.0
Total cash flow hedges 63,733  60,750 
Total hedges $72,140  $69,077 
Table 18: Pre-Tax Gains (Losses) Recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income on Cash Flow Hedges
Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Pre-tax net gains (losses) recognized in OCI
$284  ($550)
Pre-tax net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into interest income
(202) (203)
Pre-tax net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into interest expense
—  — 
Using the March 31, 2025 interest rate curve we estimate that $612 million in pre-tax net losses related to cash flow hedge strategies will be reclassified from AOCI to earnings over the next 12 months. These losses could differ from amounts recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations or the addition of other hedges after March 31, 2025.
Included in AOCI is a net loss from terminated swaps of $604 million that will reduce net interest income by $119 million in the second quarter of 2025, $109 million in the third quarter of 2025, and $103 million in the fourth quarter of 2025. The remaining $273 million will reduce net interest income by $230 million in 2026 and $43 million after 2026.
Capital Markets
A key component of our capital markets activities is the underwriting and distribution of corporate credit facilities to finance M&A transactions for our clients. We have a rigorous risk management process around these activities, including a limit structure capping our underwriting risk, potential loss, and sub-limits for specific asset classes. Further, the ability to approve underwriting exposure is delegated only to senior level individuals in the credit risk management and capital markets organizations with each transaction adjudicated in the Loan Underwriting Approval Committee.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 21


Mortgage Servicing Rights    
We have market risk associated with the value of residential MSRs, which are impacted by various types of inherent risks, including duration, basis, convexity, volatility and yield curve.
As part of our overall risk management strategy we enter into various free-standing derivatives, such as interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, interest rate futures and forward contracts to purchase mortgage-backed securities to economically hedge the changes in fair value of our MSRs. For more information regarding the fair value of our MSRs and associated derivatives see Note 5 and Note 8.
As with our traded market risk-based activities, earnings at risk excludes the impact of MSRs. MSRs are captured under our single price risk management framework that is used for calculating a management value at risk consistent with the definition used by banking regulators.
Trading Risk
We are exposed to market risk primarily through client facilitation activities from certain derivative and foreign exchange products as well as underwriting and market making activities. Market risk exposure arises from fluctuations in interest rates, basis spreads, volatility, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, and credit spreads across various financial instruments. Securities underwriting and trading activities are conducted through CBNA and Citizens JMP Securities, LLC. There have been no significant changes in our market risk governance, market risk measurement, or market risk practices including VaR, stressed VaR, sensitivity analysis, stress testing, VaR model review and validation, or VaR backtesting as described in “Market Risk — Trading Risk” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Market Risk Regulatory Capital
The U.S. banking regulators’ “Market Risk Rule” covers the calculation of market risk capital. Under this rule, all of our client facing trades and associated hedges maintain a net low risk and qualify as “covered positions.” The internal management VaR measure is calculated based on the same population of trades that is utilized for regulatory VaR.
Table 19: Results of Modeled and Non-Modeled Measures for Regulatory Capital Calculations
(dollars in millions) For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Market Risk Category 
Period End
Average
High Low Period End Average High Low
Interest Rate $1  $2  $3  $—  $4  $3  $5  $2 
Foreign Exchange Currency Rate —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Credit Spread
Commodity —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
General VaR
Specific Risk VaR —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total VaR $2  $2  $4  $1  $5  $4  $6  $2 
Stressed General VaR $10  $10  $15  $6  $5  $6  $12  $3 
Stressed Specific Risk VaR —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total Stressed VaR $10  $10  $15  $6  $5  $6  $12  $3 
Market Risk Regulatory Capital $36  $32 
Specific Risk Not Modeled Add-on 27  21 
de Minimis Exposure Add-on
Total Market Risk Regulatory Capital $64  $54 
Market Risk-Weighted Assets $804  $675 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 22


Liquidity Risk
We consider the effective and prudent management of liquidity fundamental to our safety and soundness. We define liquidity as our ability to meet our obligations when they come due. As a financial institution, we must maintain operating liquidity to meet expected daily and forecasted cash-flow requirements, as well as contingent liquidity to meet unexpected (stress scenario) funding requirements. Reflecting the importance of meeting all unexpected and stress-scenario funding requirements, we identify and manage contingent liquidity, consisting of cash balances at the FRB, unencumbered high-quality liquid securities and unused FHLB borrowing capacity. Separately, we also identify and manage asset liquidity as a subset of contingent liquidity, consisting of cash balances at the FRB and unencumbered high-quality liquid securities. We maintain additional secured borrowing capacity at the FRB discount window, but do not view this as a primary means of funding, but rather a potential source in a stressed environment or during a market disruption. We manage liquidity at the consolidated enterprise level and at each material legal entity.
Liquidity risk is the risk arising from the inability to meet our obligations when they come due. We must maintain adequate funding to meet current and future obligations, including customer loan requests, deposit maturities and withdrawals, debt service, leases, and other cash commitments, under both normal operating conditions and periods of company-specific and/or market stress.
Liquidity risk is measured and managed by the Funding and Liquidity unit within our Treasury group in accordance with policy guidelines promulgated by our Board and the Asset Liability Committee. The Funding and Liquidity unit is responsible for maintaining a liquidity management framework that effectively manages liquidity risk. Processes within this framework include, but are not limited to, regular and comprehensive reporting, including current levels versus threshold limits for a broad set of liquidity metrics and early warning indicators, explanatory commentary relating to emerging risk trends and, as appropriate, recommended remedial strategies, liquidity stress testing, contingency funding plans, and collateral management.
Our Funding and Liquidity unit’s primary goals are to deliver and maintain prudent levels of operating liquidity to support expected and projected funding requirements, contingent liquidity to support unexpected funding requirements resulting from idiosyncratic, systemic, and combination stress events, and regulatory liquidity requirements in a timely manner from stable and cost-efficient funding sources. We seek to accomplish these goals by funding loans with stable deposits, by prudently controlling dependence on wholesale funding, particularly short-term unsecured funding, and by maintaining ample available liquidity, including a contingent liquidity buffer of unencumbered high-quality loans and securities.
The Funding and Liquidity unit monitors a variety of liquidity and funding metrics and early warning indicators, including specific risk thresholds limits. These monitoring tools are broadly classified as follows:
•Current liquidity sources and capacities, including cash balances at the FRB, free and liquid securities, and secured borrowing capacity at the FHLB and FRB discount window;
•Liquidity stress sources, including idiosyncratic, systemic and combined stresses, in addition to evolving regulatory requirements; and
•Current and prospective exposures, including secured and unsecured wholesale funding, and spot and cumulative cash-flow gaps across a variety of horizons.
Further, certain of these metrics are monitored individually for CBNA and for our consolidated enterprise on a daily basis, including cash position, unencumbered securities, asset liquidity and available FHLB borrowing capacity. In order to identify emerging trends and risks and inform funding decisions, specific metrics are also forecasted over a one-year horizon.
We rely on customer deposits to be our primary stable and low-cost source of funding. Our funding sources also include our ability to securitize loans in secondary markets, raise funds in the debt and equity capital markets, pledge loans and/or securities for borrowing from the FHLB, pledge securities as collateral for borrowing under repurchase agreements, and sell AFS securities. In addition, we maintain a contingency funding plan designed to ensure that liquidity sources are sufficient to meet ongoing obligations and commitments, particularly in a stressed environment or during a market disruption. The plan identifies members of the liquidity contingency team and provides a framework for management to follow, including notification and escalation of potential liquidity stress events.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 23


As of March 31, 2025:
•Organically generated deposits continue to be our primary source of funding, resulting in a consolidated period-end loan-to-deposit ratio, excluding LHFS, of 77.5%;
◦Estimated insured/secured deposits comprise 67% of our consolidated deposit base of $177.6 billion.
•Our total available liquidity, comprised of contingent liquidity and available discount window capacity, was approximately $87.7 billion;
◦Contingent liquidity was $71.0 billion, consisting of unencumbered high-quality liquid securities of $37.7 billion, unused FHLB capacity of $23.0 billion, and our cash balances at the FRB of $10.3 billion; and
◦Available discount window capacity was $16.7 billion, defined as available total borrowing capacity from the FRB based on identified collateral, which is primarily secured by non-mortgage commercial and retail loans.
For a summary of our sources and uses of cash by type of activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, see the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in Item 1.
Parent Company Liquidity
Our Parent Company’s primary sources of cash are dividends and interest received from CBNA resulting from investing in bank equity and subordinated debt as well as externally issued preferred stock, senior debt and subordinated debt. Uses of cash include the routine cash flow requirements as a bank holding company, including periodic share repurchases and payments of dividends, interest and expenses; the needs of subsidiaries, including CBNA for additional equity and, as required, its need for debt financing; and the support for extraordinary funding requirements when necessary. To the extent the Parent Company relies on wholesale borrowings, uses also include payments of related principal and interest.
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Parent Company Issued $750 million of 5.253% fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2031.
Our Parent Company’s cash and cash equivalents represent a source of liquidity that can be used to meet various needs and totaled $3.0 billion and $2.7 billion as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Parent Company declared dividends on common stock of $186 million and $197 million, respectively, and declared dividends on preferred stock of $33 million and $30 million, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Parent Company repurchased $200 million and $300 million, respectively, of its outstanding common stock.
CBNA Liquidity
As CBNA’s primary business involves taking deposits and making loans, a key role of liquidity management is to ensure that customers have timely access to funds. Liquidity management also involves maintaining sufficient liquidity to repay wholesale borrowings, pay operating expenses and support extraordinary funding requirements when necessary. In the ordinary course of business, the liquidity of CBNA is managed by matching sources and uses of cash. The primary sources of bank liquidity include deposits from our consumer and commercial customers; payments of principal and interest on loans and debt securities; and wholesale borrowings, as needed. The primary uses of bank liquidity include withdrawals and maturities of deposits; payment of interest on deposits; funding of loans and related commitments; and funding of securities purchases. To the extent that CBNA relies on wholesale borrowings, uses also include payments of related principal and interest. For further information on CBNA’s outstanding debt see Note 7.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 24


During the three months ended March 31, 2025, CBNA redeemed $350 million of 5.284% fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2026.
Credit Ratings
Credit ratings assigned by agencies such as Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s, and Fitch impact our access to unsecured wholesale market funds and to large uninsured customer deposits and are presented in the table below. We currently have a “stable” outlook at Standard & Poor’s, a “negative” outlook at Moody’s and a “positive” outlook at Fitch. Changes in our public credit ratings could affect both the cost and availability of our wholesale funding.
Table 20: Credit Ratings
  March 31, 2025
 
Moody’s  
Standard &
Poor’s
Fitch  
Citizens Financial Group, Inc.:      
Long-term issuer Baa1 BBB+ BBB+
Short-term issuer NR A-2 F1
Subordinated debt Baa1 BBB BBB
Preferred Stock Baa3 BB+ BB
Citizens Bank, National Association:
Long-term issuer A3 A- BBB+
Short-term issuer (P) P-2 A-2 F1
Long-term deposits A1 NR A-
Short-term deposits P-1 NR F1
 NR = Not rated
Existing and evolving regulatory liquidity requirements represent another key driver of systemic liquidity conditions and liquidity management practices. The FRB and OCC regularly evaluate our liquidity as part of the overall supervisory process. In addition, we are subject to existing and evolving regulatory liquidity requirements, some of which are subject to further rulemaking, guidance and interpretation by the applicable federal regulators. For further discussion, see the “Liquidity Requirements” section under “Regulation and Supervision” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We engage in a variety of activities that are not reflected in our Consolidated Balance Sheets that are generally referred to as “off-balance sheet arrangements.” For more information on these types of activities, see Note 11.
Operational Risk
Operational risk is the risk of loss due to human error, third-party performance failures, or inadequate or failed internal systems and controls and includes certain risks such as fraud, legal and natural disasters. To mitigate these risks, we maintain a comprehensive system of internal controls designed to identify, assess, and monitor potential threats to our operations. Our risk management framework includes regular audits, employee training, cybersecurity measures, and business continuity planning. We continuously evaluate and enhance these controls to adapt to evolving risks and regulatory requirements, ensuring the integrity, reliability, and efficiency of our operations.
Cybersecurity
The Company’s Cybersecurity Program (“CSP”) drives an end-to-end, continuous process that protects our customers, colleagues, assets, premises, systems, and information (electronic and non-electronic), and is designed to ensure compliance with current and emerging federal and state laws and regulations. The CSP is designed to ensure the effective implementation of the Corporate Security and Resilience Operating Model across all business lines of the Company and is under the supervision of the Chief Security Officer.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 25


The CSP is designed to assess and mitigate threats and risks to the Company. New and emerging threats are assessed through an intelligence lifecycle, which includes threat modeling. In addition, risk assessment processes drive risk identification and measurement related to security. Once risks are identified and measured, the Company’s Enterprise Risk Management Governance Framework is leveraged to track and mitigate them. Control testing is utilized to demonstrate that risks are managed effectively, identify gaps in expected control operation, and develop appropriate remediation plans, in order to manage risk to the Company within tolerable limits.
The Company regularly reviews the nature of its business activities and modifies the CSP as appropriate. Many of the elements of the CSP are cyber defense related and are in place to reduce our risk to a wide range of potential cyber threats that may target our assets and information daily. The effectiveness of the CSP is assessed and measured periodically by various lines of defense within the Company and is conducted primarily through risk assessments, assurance testing, and an independent audit. External organizations are also routinely engaged to assess our CSP and test our perimeter defenses. The effectiveness of the CSP is reported periodically to the appropriate governance committees. For more information regarding our cybersecurity risk management practices and governance, see Item 1C in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Compliance Risk
Financial institutions are subject to many laws, rules and regulations at both the federal and state levels. These broad-based laws, rules and regulations include, but are not limited to, expectations relating to anti-money laundering, lending limits, client privacy, fair lending, prohibitions against unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices, protections for military members as they enter active duty, and community reinvestment. Adherence to the increasing volume and complexity of regulatory changes can increase our overall compliance risk. As such, we utilize various resources to help ensure expectations are met, including a team of compliance experts dedicated to ensuring our conformance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations. Our colleagues receive training for several broad-based laws and regulations including, but not limited to, anti-money laundering and customer privacy. Colleagues engaged in lending activities also receive training for laws and regulations related to flood disaster protection, equal credit opportunity, fair lending, and/or other courses related to the extension of credit. We hold ourselves to a high standard for adherence to compliance management and seek to continuously enhance our performance.
CAPITAL
As a bank and financial holding company, we are subject to regulation and supervision by the FRB. Our banking subsidiary, CBNA, is a national banking association primarily regulated by the OCC. Our regulation and supervision continues to evolve as the legal and regulatory frameworks governing our operations continue to change. See “Regulation and Supervision” in our 2024 Form 10-K for more information.
Capital Adequacy Process
Our assessment of capital adequacy begins with our Board-approved risk appetite and risk management framework. This framework provides for the identification, measurement and management of material risks. There have been no significant changes to our capital adequacy risk appetite and risk management framework as described in “Capital and Regulatory Matters” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
The FRB regularly supervises and evaluates our capital adequacy and capital planning processes, including the submission of an annual capital plan approved by our Board of Directors or one of its committees. Under the FRB’s capital requirements, we must maintain capital ratios above the sum of the regulatory minimum and SCB requirement to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments. The FRB utilizes the supervisory stress test to determine our SCB, which is re-calibrated with each biennial supervisory stress test and updated annually to reflect our planned common stock dividends. As an institution subject to Category IV standards, we are subject to biennial supervisory stress testing in even-numbered years. Our SCB associated with the 2024 supervisory stress test is 4.5%, effective through September 30, 2025. We submitted our 2025 capital plan to the FRB on April 3, 2025 and expect the FRB to provide us with our final SCB requirement by August 31, 2025, which will become effective as of October 1, 2025.
Regulations relating to capital planning, regulatory reporting, stress testing and capital buffer requirements applicable to firms like us are presently subject to rule-making and potential further guidance and interpretation by the applicable federal regulators. We will continue to evaluate the impact of these and any other prudential regulatory changes, including their potential resultant changes in our regulatory and compliance costs and expenses.
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For more information on our capital adequacy process, see “Capital and Regulatory Matters” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Regulatory Capital Ratios and Capital Composition
Under the current U.S. Basel III capital framework, we and our banking subsidiary, CBNA, must meet the following specific minimum requirements: CET1 capital ratio of 4.5%, tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%, total capital ratio of 8.0% and tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0%. As a bank holding company, our SCB of 4.5% is imposed on top of the three minimum risk-based capital ratios listed above and a CCB of 2.5% is imposed on top of the three minimum risk-based capital ratios listed above for CBNA.
For additional discussion of the U.S. Basel III capital framework and its related application, see “Regulation and Supervision” in our 2024 Form 10-K. The table below presents the regulatory capital ratios for CFG and CBNA under the U.S. Basel III Standardized rules:
Table 21: Regulatory Capital Ratios Under the U.S. Basel III Standardized Rules
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Required Minimum Capital Ratio(1)
CET1 capital
CFG $17,751  10.6  % $17,900  10.8  % 9.0  %
CBNA 20,492  12.3  20,250  12.3  7.0 
Tier 1 capital
CFG 19,864  11.9  20,013  12.1  10.5 
CBNA 20,492  12.3  20,250  12.3  8.5 
Total capital
CFG 23,156  13.9  23,232  14.0  12.5 
CBNA 23,675  14.2  23,362  14.2  10.5 
Tier 1 leverage
CFG 19,864  9.4  20,013  9.4  4.0 
CBNA 20,492  9.7  20,250  9.6  4.0 
Risk-weighted assets
CFG 166,908  165,699 
CBNA 166,196  164,986 
Quarterly adjusted average assets(2)
CFG 211,119  212,555 
CBNA 210,418  211,849 
(1) Represents minimum requirement under the current capital framework plus the SCB of 4.5% and CCB of 2.5% for CFG and CBNA, respectively. The SCB and CCB are not applicable to the Tier 1 leverage ratio.
(2) Represents total average assets less certain amounts deducted from Tier 1 capital.
At March 31, 2025, CFG’s CET1 and tier 1 capital ratios decreased compared to December 31, 2024. Dividends, common share repurchases, a $1.2 billion increase in RWA, and the full phase-in of the modified CECL transition amount was partially offset by net income. Higher commercial and industrial loans was the key driver for the increase in RWA.
At March 31, 2025, CBNA’s CET1, tier 1, and total capital ratios were stable compared to December 31, 2024. Net income was offset by a $1.2 billion increase in RWA, the full phase-in of the modified CECL transition amount, and dividend payments to the Parent Company. Higher commercial and industrial loans was the key driver for the increase in RWA.
At March 31, 2025, CFG’s total capital ratio decreased compared to December 31, 2024, driven by the changes in CET1 and tier 1 capital described above.
At March 31, 2025, CFG’s tier 1 leverage ratio was stable and CBNA’s tier 1 leverage ratio increased compared to December 31, 2024, reflecting a decline in quarterly adjusted average assets and their respective changes in tier 1 capital described above.
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Table 22: Capital Composition Under the U.S. Basel III Capital Framework
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Total common stockholders' equity $22,753  $22,141 
Exclusions:
Modified CECL transitional amount —  96 
Net unrealized (gains)/losses recorded in AOCI, net of tax:
Debt securities 2,074  2,369 
Derivatives 569  925 
Unamortized net periodic benefit costs 298  301 
Deductions:
Goodwill, net of deferred tax liability (7,767) (7,768)
Other intangible assets, net of deferred tax liability (121) (128)
Deferred tax assets that arise from tax loss and credit carryforwards (55) (36)
Total common equity tier 1 capital 17,751  17,900 
Qualifying preferred stock 2,113  2,113 
Total tier 1 capital 19,864  20,013 
Qualifying subordinated debt(1)
1,234  1,232 
Allowance for credit losses 2,212  2,259 
Exclusions from tier 2 capital:
Modified AACL transitional amount —  (125)
Allowance on PCD assets (154) (147)
Adjusted allowance for credit losses 2,058  1,987 
    Total capital $23,156  $23,232 
(1) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of non-qualifying subordinated debt excluded from regulatory capital was $469 million. See Note 7 for more details on our outstanding subordinated debt.
Capital Transactions
We completed the following capital transactions during the three months ended March 31, 2025:
•Repurchased $200 million of our outstanding common stock;
•Declared quarterly common stock dividends of $0.42 per share, aggregating to $186 million; and
•Declared preferred stock dividends aggregating to $33 million.
For additional detail regarding our common and preferred stock dividends see Note 10.
On June 28, 2024, our Board of Directors increased the capacity of our common share repurchase program to $1.25 billion, an increase of $656 million above the $594 million of capacity remaining under the prior February 2023 authorization. All future capital distributions are subject to consideration and approval by our Board of Directors prior to execution. The timing and amount of future dividends and share repurchases will depend on various factors, including our capital position, financial performance, capital impacts of strategic initiatives, market conditions, and regulatory considerations.
AOCI Impact on Regulatory Capital
Under the current applicable regulatory capital rules we have made the AOCI opt-out election, which enables us to exclude components of AOCI from regulatory capital. As noted in the “Capital and Stress Testing Requirements” section of “Regulation and Supervision” in our 2024 Form 10-K, the regulatory agencies are considering the inclusion of AOCI components in regulatory capital for Category IV firms like us, notably the AOCI relative to securities and pension.
In light of this potential change, the Company considers capital ratios including the AOCI impact from securities and pension when evaluating capital utilization and adequacy, in addition to capital ratios defined by the regulatory agencies. These capital ratios are intended to complement our regulatory capital ratios and are viewed by management as useful measures reflective of the level of capital available to withstand unexpected market conditions. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information.
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The following table presents our regulatory capital ratios including the AOCI impact from securities and pension.
Table 23: AOCI Impact on Regulatory Capital
March 31, 2025
CFG CBNA
(dollars in millions) CET1 Tier 1 Total CET1 Tier 1 Total
Regulatory capital, including AOCI impact:
Regulatory capital
$17,751  $19,864  $23,156  $20,492  $20,492  $23,675 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities and pension (2,372) (2,372) (2,372) (2,354) (2,354) (2,354)
Deferred tax assets - securities and pension AOCI (32) (32) (32) (32) (32) (32)
Regulatory capital, including AOCI impact (non-GAAP) $15,347  $17,460  $20,752  $18,106  $18,106  $21,289 
Risk-weighted assets, including AOCI impact:
Regulatory risk-weighted assets
$166,908  $166,908  $166,908  $166,196  $166,196  $166,196 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities and pension (650) (650) (650) (632) (632) (632)
Deferred tax assets - securities and pension AOCI 1,948  1,948  1,948  1,931  1,931  1,931 
Risk-weighted assets, including AOCI impact (non-GAAP)
$168,206  $168,206  $168,206  $167,495  $167,495  $167,495 
Ratio:
Regulatory capital ratio
10.6  % 11.9  % 13.9  % 12.3  % 12.3  % 14.2  %
Regulatory capital ratio, including AOCI impact (non-GAAP)
9.1  % 10.4  % 12.3  % 10.8  % 10.8  % 12.7  %
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report are prepared in accordance with GAAP, requiring us to establish accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts.
An accounting estimate requires assumptions and judgments about uncertain matters that could have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements. Estimates are made using facts and circumstances known at a point in time. Changes in those facts and circumstances could produce results substantially different from those estimates. Our most significant accounting policies and estimates include the ACL, fair value measurements and the evaluation and measurement of goodwill impairment. For additional information regarding fair value measurements and goodwill, see “Critical Accounting Estimates” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The ACL of $2.2 billion at March 31, 2025 decreased slightly compared to December 31, 2024 given improving loan mix, reflecting the reduction of the Non-Core portfolio, reduced CRE and lower loss-content originations.
As of March 31, 2025, our ACL economic forecast over a two-year reasonable and supportable period reflects a mild recession inclusive of uncertainties related to the implementation of tariffs and protectionist trade policies, inflationary pressures and geopolitical tensions. This forecast projects peak unemployment of approximately 5.1%, consistent with December 31, 2024, and a start-to-trough real GDP decline of approximately 0.5% and 0.4% at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is generally applied to the retail and commercial and industrial portfolios. More severe economic scenarios are applied within the CRE portfolio, such as general office, with peak unemployment of approximately 9.3% and start-to-trough real GDP decline of approximately 4.4% at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Our determination of the ACL is sensitive to changes in forecasted macroeconomic conditions during the reasonable and supportable forecast period. To illustrate the sensitivity, we applied a more pessimistic scenario than that described above which reflects deeper real GDP contraction across our two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period with peak unemployment of approximately 6.3% and start-to-trough real GDP decline of approximately 2.0%. Excluding consideration of qualitative adjustments, this scenario would result in a quantitative lifetime loss estimate of approximately 1.2x our modeled period-end ACL, or an increase of approximately $470 million. This analysis relates only to the modeled credit loss estimate and not to the overall period-end ACL, which includes qualitative adjustments.
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Because several quantitative and qualitative factors are considered in determining the ACL, this sensitivity analysis does not necessarily reflect the nature and extent of future changes in the ACL or even what the ACL would be under these economic circumstances. The sensitivity analysis is intended to provide insights into the impact of adverse changes in the macroeconomic environment and the corresponding impact to modeled loss estimates. The hypothetical determination does not incorporate the impact of management judgment or other qualitative factors that could be applied in the actual estimation of the ACL and does not imply any expectation of future deterioration in our loss rates.
It remains difficult to estimate how changes in economic forecasts might affect our ACL because such forecasts consider a wide variety of variables and inputs, and changes in the variables and inputs may not occur at the same time or in the same direction, and such changes may have differing impacts by product type. The variables and inputs may be idiosyncratically affected by risks to the economy, including changing monetary and fiscal policies, impacts from the recent stress on the banking industry, and their impact on inflationary trends. Changes in one or multiple of the key macroeconomic variables may have a material impact on our estimation of expected credit losses.
For additional information regarding the ACL, see Note 4 and “Critical Accounting Estimates - Allowance for Credit Losses” and Note 6 in our 2024 Form 10-K.
ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENTS
Accounting standards issued but not adopted as of March 31, 2025
Pronouncement Summary of Guidance Effects on Financial Statements
Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

Issued December 2023
•Requires a tabular income tax rate reconciliation that includes specific categories and other significant categories, disaggregated by nature, that exceed 5% of income tax expense at the statutory tax rate

•Requires disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes, and further disaggregated by individual jurisdictions that exceed 5% of total income taxes paid, net of refunds received

•Requires disclosure of pre-tax income disaggregated between domestic and foreign, and income tax expense disaggregated by federal, state and foreign

•The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis but retrospective application is permitted
•Required effective date: Annual financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2025. We do not intend to early adopt.

•We expect to provide additional disaggregated income tax disclosures in accordance with this ASU.
Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

Issued November 2024
•Requires tabular disclosure of certain expense types, including employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and selling expenses

•Requires a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively

•Allows for adoption on either a prospective or retrospective basis
•Required effective date: Annual financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2027, and interim reporting periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted.

•We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our required expense disclosures in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
This document contains non-GAAP financial measures that we believe provide useful information to investors in understanding our results of operations or financial condition. We caution investors not to place undue reliance on such non-GAAP financial measures, but to consider them with the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our results reported under GAAP.
The following tables present the computation of non-GAAP financial measures used in the MD&A, as well as the reconciliation to the comparable GAAP financial measure, as applicable:
Table 24: Reconciliation of Tangible Book Value per Common Share (non-GAAP)
(dollars in millions, except per share data) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Book value per common share(1)
$51.99  $50.26 
Tangible book value per common share:
Common stockholders' equity
$22,753  $22,141 
Less: Goodwill
8,187  8,187 
Less: Other intangible assets
137  146 
Add: Deferred tax liabilities related to goodwill and other intangible assets
438  438 
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)(2)
$14,867  $14,246 
Common shares outstanding at period end
437,668,127  440,543,381 
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP)(3)
$33.97  $32.34 
(1) Represents the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to tangible book value per common share and is calculated based on common stockholders’ equity divided by common shares outstanding at period end.
(2) Tangible common equity is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes the impact of intangible assets, net of deferred taxes.
(3) Tangible book value per common share is a non-GAAP financial measure and is calculated based on tangible common equity divided by common shares outstanding at period end. We believe this non-GAAP financial measure serves as a useful tool to help evaluate the strength and discipline of a company’s capital management strategies and as a conservative measure of total company value.
Table 25: Reconciliation of Return on Average Tangible Common Equity (non-GAAP)
  Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Return on average common equity(1)
6.21  % 5.63  %
Net income available to common stockholders $340  $304 
Net income available to common stockholders (annualized) 1,378  1,221 
Return on average tangible common equity:
Average common equity $22,188  $21,700 
Less: Average goodwill 8,187  8,188 
Less: Average other intangibles 142  153 
Add: Average deferred tax liabilities related to goodwill and other intangible assets 438  433 
Average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)(2)
$14,297  $13,792 
Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)(3)
9.64  % 8.86  %
(1) Represents the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to return on average tangible common equity and is calculated based on annualized net income available to common stockholders divided by average common equity.
(2) Average tangible common equity is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes the impact of intangible assets, net of deferred taxes.
(3) Return on average tangible common equity is a non-GAAP financial measure and is calculated based on annualized net income available to common stockholders divided by average tangible common equity. We believe this non-GAAP financial measure serves as a useful tool to compare the profitability of financial institutions and assess the efficiency of their capital utilization without the impact of intangible assets, net of deferred taxes.
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Table 26: Reconciliation of Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin on an FTE Basis (non-GAAP)
  Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Net interest income (annualized)
$5,637  $5,796 
Average interest-earning assets
195,058  200,068 
Net interest margin(1)
2.89  % 2.90  %
Net interest income $1,391  $1,442 
FTE adjustment
Net interest income on an FTE basis (non-GAAP)(2)
$1,395  $1,446 
Net interest income on an FTE basis (annualized) (non-GAAP)(2)
5,653  5,814 
Net interest margin on an FTE basis (non-GAAP)(2)(3)
2.90  % 2.91  %
(1) Represents the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to net interest margin on an FTE basis and is calculated based on annualized net interest income divided by average interest-earnings assets.
(2) FTE basis financial measures and ratios are adjusted for the tax-exempt status of income from certain assets held by the Company using the federal statutory tax rate of 21% and are considered non-GAAP financial measures. We believe this allows management to better assess the comparability of revenue from both taxable and tax-exempt sources.
(3) Calculated based on annualized net interest income on an FTE basis divided by average interest-earnings assets.
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ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Page

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in millions, except par value) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
ASSETS:
Cash and due from banks
$1,082  $1,409 
Interest-bearing cash and due from banks 10,459  9,192 
Interest-bearing deposits in banks(1)
685  635 
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value (including $110 and $152 pledged to creditors, respectively)(2)
34,208  32,765 
Debt securities held to maturity (fair value of $7,515 and $7,540, respectively, and including $70 and $83 pledged to creditors, respectively)(2)
8,469  8,599 
Loans held for sale (includes $1,137 and $825, respectively, measured at fair value)
2,820  858 
Loans and leases
137,635  139,203 
Less: Allowance for loan and lease losses (2,014) (2,061)
Net loans and leases(1)
135,621  137,142 
Derivative assets 760  408 
Premises and equipment, net 855  875 
Bank-owned life insurance 3,386  3,364 
Goodwill 8,187  8,187 
Other intangible assets(3)
137  146 
Other assets(1)
13,479  13,941 
TOTAL ASSETS $220,148  $217,521 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
LIABILITIES:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing $37,556  $36,920 
Interest-bearing 140,020  137,856 
          Total deposits 177,576  174,776 
Short-term borrowed funds 47  — 
Derivative liabilities 883  1,220 
Long-term borrowed funds(1)
12,267  12,401 
Other liabilities(1)
4,509  4,870 
TOTAL LIABILITIES 195,282  193,267 
Commitments and Contingencies (refer to Note 11)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock:
$25.00 par value,100,000,000 shares authorized; 2,150,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024
2,113  2,113 
Common stock:
$0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 651,676,964 shares issued and 437,668,127 shares outstanding at March 31, 2025 and 650,068,324 shares issued and 440,543,381 shares outstanding at December 31, 2024
Additional paid-in capital 22,370  22,364 
Retained earnings 10,566  10,412 
Treasury stock, at cost, 214,008,837 and 209,524,943 shares at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively
(7,249) (7,047)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (2,941) (3,595)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 24,866  24,254 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY $220,148  $217,521 
(1) Includes amounts in consolidated VIEs. See Note 6 for additional information.
(2) Includes only collateral pledged by the Company where counterparties have the right to sell or pledge the collateral.
(3) Excludes MSRs, which are reported in Other assets.
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 (dollars in millions, except per share data) 2025 2024
INTEREST INCOME:
Interest and fees on loans and leases $1,829  $2,051 
Interest and fees on loans held for sale 16  20 
Investment securities 418  399 
Interest-bearing deposits in banks 89  140 
Total interest income 2,352  2,610 
INTEREST EXPENSE:
Deposits 795  987 
Short-term borrowed funds
Long-term borrowed funds 158  174 
Total interest expense 961  1,168 
Net interest income 1,391  1,442 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses 153  171 
Net interest income after provision (benefit) for credit losses 1,238  1,271 
NONINTEREST INCOME:
Service charges and fees 109  96 
Capital markets fees 100  118 
Card fees 83  86 
Wealth fees
81  68 
Mortgage banking fees 59  49 
Foreign exchange and derivative products 39  36 
Letter of credit and loan fees 44  42 
Securities gains, net
Other income 22  17 
Total noninterest income 544  517 
NONINTEREST EXPENSE:
Salaries and employee benefits 696  691 
Equipment and software 194  192 
Outside services 155  158 
Occupancy 112  114 
Other operating expense 157  203 
Total noninterest expense 1,314  1,358 
Income before income tax expense 468  430 
Income tax expense 95  96 
NET INCOME $373  $334 
Net income available to common stockholders $340  $304 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic 438,320,757  461,358,681 
Diluted 442,200,180  463,797,964 
Per common share information:
Basic earnings $0.78  $0.66 
Diluted earnings 0.77  0.65 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Net income $373  $334 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedge derivatives arising during the period, net of income taxes of $76 and ($145), respectively
208  (405)
Reclassification adjustment for net (gains) losses on cash flow hedge derivatives included in net income, net of income taxes of $54 and $54, respectively
148  149 
AFS securities:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities arising during the period, net of income taxes of $95 and ($56), respectively
282  (173)
Reclassification of net securities (gains) losses on AFS securities to net income, net of income taxes of $4 and $5, respectively
13  14 
Defined benefit plans:
Actuarial gain (loss) arising during the period, net of income taxes of $— and $1, respectively
— 
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss to net income, net of income taxes of $1 and $1, respectively
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes 654  (406)
Total comprehensive income (loss) $1,027  ($72)
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 36


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
Preferred
 Stock
Common
 Stock
Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Treasury Stock, at Cost Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total
(dollars and shares in millions) Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at January 1, 2024 $2,014  466  $6  $22,250  $9,816  ($5,986) ($3,758) $24,342 
Dividends declared - common stock —  —  —  —  —  (197) —  —  (197)
Dividends declared - preferred stock —  —  —  —  —  (30) —  —  (30)
Treasury stock purchased —  —  (9) —  —  —  (300) —  (300)
Share repurchase excise tax —  —  —  —  —  —  (4) —  (4)
Share-based compensation plans —  —  —  15  —  —  —  15 
Employee stock purchase plan —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total comprehensive income (loss):
Net income —  —  —  —  —  334  —  —  334 
Other comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (406) (406)
Total comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  334  —  (406) (72)
Balance at March 31, 2024 $2,014  458  $6  $22,272  $9,923  ($6,290) ($4,164) $23,761 
Balance at January 1, 2025 $2,113  441  $7  $22,364  $10,412  ($7,047) ($3,595) $24,254 
Dividends declared - common stock —  —  —  —  —  (186) —  —  (186)
Dividends declared - preferred stock —  —  —  —  —  (33) —  —  (33)
Treasury stock purchased —  —  (4) —  —  —  (200) —  (200)
Share repurchase excise tax —  —  —  —  —  —  (2) —  (2)
Share-based compensation plans —  —  —  (1) —  —  —  (1)
Employee stock purchase plan —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total comprehensive income (loss):
Net income —  —  —  —  —  373  —  —  373 
Other comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  —  —  654  654 
Total comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  373  —  654  1,027 
Balance at March 31, 2025 $2,113  438  $7  $22,370  $10,566  ($7,249) ($2,941) $24,866 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 37


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income $373  $334 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net change due to operating activities:
Provision (benefit) for credit losses 153  171 
Net change in loans held for sale
(332) 171 
Depreciation, amortization and accretion 123  102 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) (16) — 
Share-based compensation 31  34 
Net gain on sale of assets
(9) (5)
Net (increase) decrease in other assets 34  (47)
Net increase (decrease) in other liabilities (570) (206)
Net change due to operating activities (213) 554 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Investment securities:
Purchases of debt securities available for sale (2,365) (3,057)
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of debt securities available for sale 846  593 
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale 642  692 
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of debt securities held to maturity 150  150 
Net (increase) decrease in interest-bearing deposits in banks (50) 13 
Purchases of loans (188) (345)
Sales of loans 240  107 
Net (increase) decrease in loans and leases (319) 2,873 
Capital expenditures, net (14) (10)
Other (50) 23 
Net change due to investing activities (1,108) 1,039 
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net increase (decrease) in deposits 2,800  (914)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowed funds 47  (496)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term borrowed funds 2,533  5,765 
Repayments of long-term borrowed funds (2,675) (5,437)
Treasury stock purchased
(200) (300)
Dividends paid to common stockholders (186) (197)
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders (34) (31)
Other
(24) (12)
Net change due to financing activities 2,261  (1,622)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(1)
940  (29)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period(1)
10,601  11,628 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period(1)
$11,541  $11,599 
Non-cash items:
Transfer of loans from loans held for investment to LHFS
$1,876  $107 
(1) Cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks and interest-bearing cash and due from banks as reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 38


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and notes included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the interim period results presented. These unaudited interim financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.
The unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Parent Company and its subsidiaries, including VIEs in which the Company is a primary beneficiary. Investments in VIEs in which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence are not consolidated. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include the determination of the ACL, fair value measurements and the evaluation and measurement of goodwill impairment.
Significant Accounting Policies
For further information regarding the Company’s significant accounting policies, see Note 1 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
NOTE 2 - SECURITIES
The following table presents the major components of securities at amortized cost and fair value:
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions)
Amortized Cost(1)
Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
Amortized Cost(1)
Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
U.S. Treasury and other $4,145  $15  ($91) $4,069  $3,631  $3  ($109) $3,525 
State and political subdivisions —  —  —  — 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities 31,444  81  (1,772) 29,753  30,897  33  (2,135) 28,795 
Other/non-agency 272  —  (11) 261  273  —  (13) 260 
Total mortgage-backed securities 31,716  81  (1,783) 30,014  31,170  33  (2,148) 29,055 
Collateralized loan obligations 124  —  —  124  184  —  —  184 
Total debt securities available for sale, at fair value $35,986  $96  ($1,874) $34,208  $34,986  $36  ($2,257) $32,765 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities $8,077  $—  ($948) $7,129  $8,187  $—  ($1,051) $7,136 
Total mortgage-backed securities 8,077  —  (948) 7,129  8,187  —  (1,051) 7,136 
Asset-backed securities 392  —  (6) 386  412  (9) 404 
Total debt securities held to maturity $8,469  $—  ($954) $7,515  $8,599  $1  ($1,060) $7,540 
Equity securities, at cost(2)
$711  $—  $—  $711  $710  $—  $—  $710 
Equity securities, at fair value(2)
236  —  —  236  220  —  —  220 
(1) Excludes portfolio level basis adjustments of $(2) million and $(75) million, respectively, for securities designated in active fair value hedge relationships under the portfolio layer method at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(2) Included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 39


Accrued interest receivable on debt securities totaled $129 million and $125 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity as of March 31, 2025. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without incurring penalties.
Distribution of Maturities
(dollars in millions) 1 Year or Less After 1 Year through 5 Years After 5 Years through 10 Years After 10 Years Total
Amortized cost:
U.S. Treasury and other $—  $3,142  $1,003  $—  $4,145 
State and political subdivisions —  —  — 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities —  2,266  1,125  28,053  31,444 
Other/non-agency —  —  —  272  272 
Collateralized loan obligations —  —  124  —  124 
Total debt securities available for sale —  5,408  2,252  28,326  35,986 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities —  —  —  8,077  8,077 
Asset-backed securities —  392  —  —  392 
Total debt securities held to maturity —  392  —  8,077  8,469 
Total amortized cost of debt securities $—  $5,800  $2,252  $36,403  $44,455 
Fair value:
U.S. Treasury and other $—  $3,054  $1,015  $—  $4,069 
State and political subdivisions —  —  — 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities —  2,202  1,070  26,481  29,753 
Other/non-agency —  —  —  261  261 
Collateralized loan obligations —  —  124  —  124 
Total debt securities available for sale —  5,256  2,209  26,743  34,208 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities —  —  —  7,129  7,129 
Asset-backed securities —  386  —  —  386 
Total debt securities held to maturity —  386  —  7,129  7,515 
Total fair value of debt securities $—  $5,642  $2,209  $33,872  $41,723 
Taxable interest income from investment securities as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations was $418 million and $399 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The following table presents realized gains and losses on the sale of securities:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Gains $7  $5 
Losses —  — 
Securities gains, net $7  $5 
At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, debt securities with a carrying value of $3.6 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, trust funds, FHLB borrowing capacity, repurchase agreements, derivative contracts and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 40


Impairment
The Company evaluated its existing HTM portfolio as of March 31, 2025 and concluded that 95% of HTM securities met the zero expected credit loss criteria and, therefore, no ACL was recognized. Lifetime expected credit losses on the remainder of the HTM portfolio were determined to be insignificant based on the modeling of the Company’s credit loss position in the securities. The Company monitors the credit exposure through the use of credit quality indicators. For these securities, the Company uses external credit ratings or an internally derived credit rating when an external rating is not available. All securities were determined to be investment grade at March 31, 2025.
The following tables present AFS debt securities with fair values below their respective carrying values, separated by the duration the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
March 31, 2025
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
(dollars in millions) Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasury and other $—  $—  $2,582  ($91) $2,582  ($91)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities 6,836  (189) 14,089  (1,583) 20,925  (1,772)
Other/non-agency —  —  261  (11) 261  (11)
Total mortgage-backed securities 6,836  (189) 14,350  (1,594) 21,186  (1,783)
Total $6,836  ($189) $16,932  ($1,685) $23,768  ($1,874)
December 31, 2024
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
(dollars in millions) Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasury and other $—  $—  $2,544  ($109) $2,544  ($109)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities 9,560  (265) 14,304  (1,870) 23,864  (2,135)
Other/non-agency —  —  260  (13) 260  (13)
Total mortgage-backed securities 9,560  (265) 14,564  (1,883) 24,124  (2,148)
Total $9,560  ($265) $17,108  ($1,992) $26,668  ($2,257)
The Company does not currently have the intent to sell these debt securities, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell these debt securities prior to recovery of their amortized cost bases. The Company determined that credit losses are not expected to be incurred on the AFS debt securities identified with unrealized losses as of March 31, 2025. The unrealized losses on these debt securities reflect non-credit-related factors driven by changes in interest rates. Therefore, the Company determined that these debt securities are not impaired.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 41


NOTE 3 - LOANS AND LEASES
Loans held for investment are reported at the amount of their outstanding principal, net of charge-offs, unearned income, deferred loan origination fees and costs, and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans.
The following table presents loans and leases, excluding LHFS:
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial $43,781  $42,551 
Commercial real estate 26,727  27,225 
Total commercial 70,508  69,776 
Residential mortgages 33,114  32,726 
Home equity 16,853  16,495 
Automobile 4,044  4,744 
Education 8,779  10,812 
Other retail 4,337  4,650 
Total retail 67,127  69,427 
Total loans and leases $137,635  $139,203 
Accrued interest receivable on loans and leases held for investment totaled $817 million and $816 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Loans pledged as collateral for FHLB borrowing capacity, primarily residential mortgages and home equity products, totaled $38.6 billion and $37.5 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Loans pledged as collateral to support the contingent ability to borrow at the FRB discount window, if necessary, were primarily comprised of education, commercial and industrial, and commercial real estate loans, and totaled $22.3 billion and $22.9 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Interest income on direct financing and sales-type leases for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $11 million and is reported within interest and fees on loans and leases in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table presents the composition of LHFS:
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions)
Residential Mortgages(1)
Other retail(2)
Commercial(3)
Total
Residential Mortgages(1)
Commercial(3)
Total
Loans held for sale at fair value $922  $—  $215  $1,137  $633  $192  $825 
Other loans held for sale —  1,644  39  1,683  —  33  33 
Total loans held for sale
$922  $1,644  $254  $2,820  $633  $225  $858 
(1) Residential mortgage LHFS at fair value are originated for sale.
(2) Other retail LHFS consist of education loans.
(3) Commercial LHFS at fair value consist of loans managed by the Company’s commercial secondary loan desk.
NOTE 4 - CREDIT QUALITY AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Allowance for Credit Losses    
The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses in its loan and lease portfolios is recorded in the ACL and considers extensive historical loss experience, including the impact of loss mitigation and restructuring programs that the Company offers to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, as well as projected loss severity as a result of loan default.
For a detailed discussion of the ACL reserve methodology and estimation techniques as of December 31, 2024, see Note 6 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K. There were no significant changes to the ACL reserve methodology during the three months ended March 31, 2025.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 42


The following table presents a summary of changes in the ACL for the three months ended March 31, 2025:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(dollars in millions) Commercial Retail Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period $1,140  $921  $2,061 
Charge-offs (85) (149) (234)
Recoveries 30  34 
Net charge-offs (81) (119) (200)
Provision expense (benefit) for loans and leases 89  64  153 
Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period 1,148  866  2,014 
Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period 155  43  198 
Provision expense (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments (9) — 
Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period 164  34  198 
Total allowance for credit losses, end of period $1,312  $900  $2,212 
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, net charge-offs of $200 million and a provision for expected credit losses of $153 million resulted in a decrease of $47 million to the ACL.
During the first quarter of 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to sell $1.9 billion of Non-Core education loans and subsequently reclassified these loans to LHFS. Upon reclassification to LHFS, a $25 million charge-off was recognized. This transaction will settle ratably each quarter throughout 2025, with $200 million settled during the first quarter.
As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s ACL economic forecast over a two-year reasonable and supportable period reflects a mild recession inclusive of uncertainties related to the implementation of tariffs and protectionist trade policies, inflationary pressures and geopolitical tensions. This forecast projects peak unemployment of approximately 5.1%, consistent with December 31, 2024, and a start-to-trough real GDP decline of approximately 0.5% and 0.4% at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is generally applied to the retail and commercial and industrial portfolios. More severe economic scenarios are applied within the CRE portfolio, such as general office, with peak unemployment of approximately 9.3% and start-to-trough real GDP decline of approximately 4.4% at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
The following table presents a summary of changes in the ACL for the three months ended March 31, 2024:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Commercial Retail Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period $1,250  $848  $2,098 
Charge-offs
(102) (129) (231)
Recoveries 17  33  50 
Net charge-offs (85) (96) (181)
Provision expense (benefit) for loans and leases
69  100  169 
Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period 1,234  852  2,086 
Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period 175  45  220 
Provision expense (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments 16  (14)
Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period 191  31  222 
Total allowance for credit losses, end of period $1,425  $883  $2,308 
Credit Quality Indicators
The Company presents loan and lease portfolio segments and classes by credit quality indicator and vintage year and defines the vintage date for the purpose of this disclosure as the date of the most recent credit decision. Renewals are categorized as new credit decisions and reflect the renewal date as the vintage date, except for renewals of loans modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, or FDMs, which are presented in the original vintage.
The Company utilizes internal risk ratings to monitor credit quality for commercial loans and leases. For more information on these ratings see Note 6 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 43


The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases by vintage date and internal risk rating as of March 31, 2025:
Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year
Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior to 2021 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass $1,178  $5,502  $2,312  $3,878  $2,531  $2,593  $23,129  $73  $41,196 
Special Mention —  77  71  227  139  190  —  709 
Substandard Accrual
—  12  55  144  296  294  776  16  1,593 
Nonaccrual
—  —  83  45  62  83  283 
Total commercial and industrial 1,178  5,519  2,448  4,176  3,099  3,088  24,178  95  43,781 
Commercial real estate
Pass 774  2,558  1,099  5,193  5,066  5,923  1,361  21,978 
Special Mention —  —  100  1,005  355  433  80  1,979 
Substandard Accrual
—  79  519  217  1,127  116  2,070 
Nonaccrual
—  —  81  65  545  700 
Total commercial real estate 774  2,561  1,281  6,798  5,703  8,028  1,452  130  26,727 
Total commercial
Pass 1,952  8,060  3,411  9,071  7,597  8,516  24,490  77  63,174 
Special Mention —  177  1,076  582  572  270  2,688 
Substandard Accrual
—  15  134  663  513  1,421  785  132  3,663 
Nonaccrual
—  —  164  110  607  85  10  983 
Total commercial $1,952  $8,080  $3,729  $10,974  $8,802  $11,116  $25,630  $225  $70,508 
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases by vintage date and internal risk rating as of December 31, 2024:
Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year
Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior to 2020 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass $5,945  $2,525  $4,194  $2,923  $895  $2,066  $21,323  $66  $39,937 
Special Mention 79  98  236  48  48  211  —  722 
Substandard Accrual
64  207  269  139  253  697  13  1,651 
Nonaccrual
—  11  68  62  55  34  241 
Total commercial and industrial 5,956  2,679  4,567  3,490  1,087  2,422  22,265  85  42,551 
Commercial real estate
Pass 2,720  1,305  5,748  5,412  1,919  4,199  1,434  22,741 
Special Mention —  911  362  175  257  80  1,792 
Substandard Accrual
22  359  253  275  875  120  1,916 
Nonaccrual
—  67  89  58  90  470  —  776 
Total commercial real estate 2,724  1,394  7,107  6,085  2,459  5,801  1,525  130  27,225 
Total commercial
Pass 8,665  3,830  9,942  8,335  2,814  6,265  22,757  70  62,678 
Special Mention 79  1,009  598  223  305  291  2,514 
Substandard Accrual
12  86  566  522  414  1,128  706  133  3,567 
Nonaccrual
—  78  157  120  95  525  36  1,017 
Total commercial $8,680  $4,073  $11,674  $9,575  $3,546  $8,223  $23,790  $215  $69,776 
For retail loans, the Company utilizes FICO credit scores and the loan’s payment and delinquency status to monitor credit quality. Management believes FICO scores are the strongest indicator of credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and assist management in predicting the borrower’s future payment performance. Scores are based on current and historical national industry-wide consumer level credit performance data.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 44


The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans by vintage date and current FICO score as of March 31, 2025:
Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior to 2021 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total
Residential mortgages
800+ $232  $1,568  $1,369  $3,343  $5,149  $6,701  $—  $—  $18,362 
740-799 520  1,410  817  1,537  2,142  3,031  —  —  9,457 
680-739 119  382  295  546  713  1,193  —  —  3,248 
620-679 11  46  76  149  180  494  —  —  956 
<620 —  18  133  118  163  643  —  —  1,075 
No FICO available(1)
—  —  11  —  —  16 
Total residential mortgages 882  3,425  2,690  5,696  8,348  12,073  —  —  33,114 
Home equity
800+ —  —  75  5,770  193  6,045 
740-799 —  —  —  52  5,382  224  5,662 
680-739 —  —  —  43  3,064  206  3,315 
620-679 —  —  19  788  178  988 
<620 —  —  16  501  313  838 
No FICO available(1)
—  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total home equity —  11  205  15,510  1,114  16,853 
Automobile
800+ —  —  63  343  575  177  —  —  1,158 
740-799 —  —  87  376  482  172  —  —  1,117 
680-739 —  —  82  289  322  114  —  —  807 
620-679 —  —  46  166  167  64  —  —  443 
<620 —  —  49  189  200  81  —  —  519 
No FICO available(1)
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total automobile —  —  327  1,363  1,746  608  —  —  4,044 
Education
800+ 52  282  347  543  1,104  2,081  —  —  4,409 
740-799 75  321  320  463  556  1,064  —  —  2,799 
680-739 29  145  139  193  186  397  —  —  1,089 
620-679 42  43  48  45  123  —  —  305 
<620 15  22  24  72  —  —  143 
No FICO available(1)
—  —  —  29  —  —  34 
Total education 165  800  864  1,269  1,915  3,766  —  —  8,779 
Other retail
800+ 28  155  55  34  13  13  473  —  771 
740-799 39  209  77  42  14  14  836  —  1,231 
680-739 28  162  69  36  12  11  808  1,127 
620-679 12  79  38  24  318  485 
<620 35  28  30  236  344 
No FICO available(1)
—  —  —  —  375  —  379 
Total other retail 111  642  267  166  55  47  3,046  4,337 
Total retail
800+ 312  2,006  1,834  4,266  6,844  9,047  6,243  193  30,745 
740-799 634  1,940  1,301  2,419  3,197  4,333  6,218  224  20,266 
680-739 176  689  585  1,065  1,234  1,758  3,872  207  9,586 
620-679 27  167  204  388  401  705  1,106  179  3,177 
<620 62  228  361  398  816  737  314  2,919 
No FICO available(1)
—  40  380  —  434 
Total retail $1,158  $4,868  $4,152  $8,502  $12,075  $16,699  $18,556  $1,117  $67,127 
(1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes).
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 45


The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans by vintage date and current FICO score as of December 31, 2024:
Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior to 2020 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total
Residential mortgages
800+ $1,230  $1,302  $3,299  $5,109  $2,919  $3,869  $—  $—  $17,728 
740-799 1,757  873  1,568  2,213  1,338  1,923  —  —  9,672 
680-739 425  281  552  697  385  938  —  —  3,278 
620-679 31  61  126  151  101  494  —  —  964 
<620 15  37  76  147  89  703  —  —  1,067 
No FICO available(1)
—  —  14  —  —  17 
Total residential mortgages 3,459  2,554  5,621  8,318  4,833  7,941  —  —  32,726 
Home equity
800+ —  76  5,634  200  5,919 
740-799 —  —  65  5,275  224  5,568 
680-739 —  —  —  76  2,995  183  3,256 
620-679 —  60  752  141  963 
<620 —  59  459  259  789 
No FICO available(1)
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total home equity 15  12  336  15,115  1,007  16,495 
Automobile
800+ —  65  380  665  183  58  —  —  1,351 
740-799 —  92  430  581  176  61  —  —  1,340 
680-739 —  91  338  385  115  45  —  —  974 
620-679 —  51  189  194  56  29  —  —  519 
<620 —  47  197  216  62  38  —  —  560 
No FICO available(1)
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total automobile —  346  1,534  2,041  592  231  —  —  4,744 
Education
800+ 227  373  657  1,517  1,256  1,475  —  —  5,505 
740-799 290  359  571  804  637  811  —  —  3,472 
680-739 110  150  229  261  211  337  —  —  1,298 
620-679 27  48  55  58  51  111  —  —  350 
<620 12  21  28  25  60  —  —  151 
No FICO available(1)
—  —  —  —  31  —  —  36 
Total education 664  942  1,533  2,668  2,180  2,825  —  —  10,812 
Other retail
800+ 186  65  36  15  11  10  512  —  835 
740-799 259  96  46  18  13  11  895  1,339 
680-739 201  87  39  15  11  845  1,206 
620-679 97  47  27  10  335  526 
<620 32  31  34  15  234  357 
No FICO available(1)
—  —  —  —  —  382  —  387 
Total other retail 780  326  182  73  48  34  3,203  4,650 
Total retail
800+ 1,644  1,805  4,375  7,310  4,370  5,488  6,146  200  31,338 
740-799 2,306  1,420  2,616  3,618  2,165  2,871  6,170  225  21,391 
680-739 736  609  1,159  1,358  723  1,403  3,840  184  10,012 
620-679 155  208  401  416  216  697  1,087  142  3,322 
<620 52  129  334  409  184  863  693  260  2,924 
No FICO available(1)
11  —  —  45  382  —  440 
Total retail $4,904  $4,171  $8,885  $13,112  $7,659  $11,367  $18,318  $1,011  $69,427 
(1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes).
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 46


The following tables present gross charge-offs by vintage date for the Company’s loan and lease portfolios:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year
Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior to 2021 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total
Commercial and industrial
$—  $—  $1  $2  $22  $—  $9  $—  $34 
Commercial real estate
—  —  —  —  43  —  —  51 
Total commercial
—  —  10  22  43  —  85 
Residential mortgages —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Home equity —  —  —  —  —  — 
Automobile —  —  —  —  20 
Education —  13  35  —  —  56 
Other retail 15  32  —  67 
Total retail 16  12  16  22  43  36  —  149 
Total loans and leases $4  $16  $13  $26  $44  $86  $45  $—  $234 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year
Revolving Loans
(dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior to 2020 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total
Commercial and industrial
$—  $5  $1  $4  $—  $1  $3  $—  $14 
Commercial real estate
—  —  —  —  59  29  —  —  88 
Total commercial
—  59  30  —  102 
Residential mortgages —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Home equity —  —  —  —  — 
Automobile —  11  —  —  28 
Education —  —  18  —  —  32 
Other retail —  39  —  63 
Total retail 11  14  20  10  28  41  129 
Total loans and leases $4  $16  $15  $24  $69  $58  $44  $1  $231 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 47


Nonaccrual and Past Due Assets
The following tables present an aging analysis of accruing and nonaccrual loans and leases as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
March 31, 2025
Days Past Due and Accruing
(dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89  90+ Nonaccrual  Total Nonaccrual with no related ACL
Commercial and industrial $43,420  $56  $13  $9  $283  $43,781  $45 
Commercial real estate 25,887  131  700  26,727  19 
Total commercial 69,307  187  18  13  983  70,508  64 
Residential mortgages
32,682  60  36  138  198  33,114  147 
Home equity 16,450  94  27  —  282  16,853  178 
Automobile 3,900  80  25  —  39  4,044 
Education 8,699  39  18  20  8,779 
Other retail 4,207  42  27  60  4,337 
Total retail 65,938  315  133  142  599  67,127  334 
Total $135,245  $502  $151  $155  $1,582  $137,635  $398 
Guaranteed residential mortgages(1)
$824  $32  $19  $137  $—  $1,012  $— 
December 31, 2024
Days Past Due and Accruing
(dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual  Total Nonaccrual with no related ACL
Commercial and industrial $42,247  $35  $20  $8  $241  $42,551  $31 
Commercial real estate 26,212  204  27  776  27,225  32 
Total commercial 68,459  239  47  14  1,017  69,776  63 
Residential mortgages
32,011  251  93  179  192  32,726  142 
Home equity 16,097  88  27  —  283  16,495  182 
Automobile 4,563  100  33  —  48  4,744 
Education 10,686  45  23  56  10,812 
Other retail 4,504  46  31  68  4,650 
Total retail 67,861  530  207  182  647  69,427  335 
Total $136,320  $769  $254  $196  $1,664  $139,203  $398 
Guaranteed residential mortgages(1)
$696  $119  $55  $172  $—  $1,042  $— 
(1) Guaranteed residential mortgages represent loans fully or partially guaranteed by the FHA, VA, and USDA, and are included in the amounts presented for Residential mortgages.
At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had collateral-dependent residential mortgage and home equity loans totaling $397 million and $372 million, respectively, and collateral-dependent commercial loans totaling $513 million and $607 million, respectively.
The amortized cost basis of mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in-process was $302 million and $295 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The Company offers loan modifications, characterized as FDMs, to retail and commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as a result of its loss mitigation activities that may result in a payment delay, interest rate reduction, term extension, principal forgiveness, or combination thereof. Payment delays consist of modifications that result in a delay of contractual amounts due greater than three months over a rolling 12-month period. Term extensions consist of modifications that result in an extension of the contractual maturity date greater than three months or a significant deferral of principal payments relative to the total outstanding principal balance of the loan.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 48


Commercial loan modifications are offered on a case-by-case basis and generally include a payment delay, term extension and/or interest rate reduction. The Company does not typically offer principal forgiveness for commercial loans. Retail loan modifications are offered through structured loan modification programs, which are summarized below.
•Forbearance programs provide borrowers experiencing some form of hardship a period of time during which their contractual payment obligations are suspended, resulting in a payment delay and/or term extension.
•Other repayment plans are offered due to hardship and include an interest rate reduction and/or term extension designed to enable the borrower to return the loan to current status in an expeditious manner.
•Settlement agreements may be executed with borrowers experiencing a long-term hardship or who are delinquent, resulting in principal forgiveness. Upon fulfillment of the terms of the settlement agreement, the unpaid principal amount is forgiven resulting in a charge-off of the outstanding principal balance.
•Certain reorganization bankruptcy judgments may result in any one of the four modification types or some combination thereof.
The following tables present the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and modification type. The modification type reflects the cumulative effect of all FDMs received during the indicated period.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Total
Total as a % of Loan Class(1)
Commercial and industrial $32  $141  $2  $—  $—  $1  $176  0.40  %
Commercial real estate 10  172  73  —  —  25  280  1.05 
Total commercial 42  313  75  —  —  26  456  0.65 
Residential mortgages 15  —  23  0.07 
Home equity —  —  —  0.02 
Automobile —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Education —  —  —  —  —  0.02 
Other retail —  —  —  —  —  0.14 
Total retail 10  15  —  35  0.05 
Total
$52  $328  $79  $—  $5  $27  $491  0.36  %
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Total
Total as a % of Loan Class(1)
Commercial and industrial $—  $85  $65  $—  $1  $32  $183  0.42  %
Commercial real estate —  443  24  —  40  508  1.76 
Total commercial —  528  89  —  41  33  691  0.95 
Residential mortgages 37  —  —  46  0.15 
Home equity —  —  —  0.04 
Automobile —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Education —  18  —  —  —  21  0.18 
Other retail —  —  —  —  —  0.10 
Total retail 10  38  23  —  —  78  0.11 
Total
$10  $566  $112  $—  $48  $33  $769  0.54  %
(1) Represents the total amortized cost as of period-end divided by the period-end amortized cost of the corresponding loan class. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from amortized cost and is immaterial.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 49


The following tables present the financial effect of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, disaggregated by class of financing receivable.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(dollars in millions)
Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction(1)
Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months)(1)
Weighted-Average Payment Deferral(1)
Amount of Principal Forgiven(2)
Commercial and industrial 0.81  % 10 $—  $— 
Commercial real estate 0.75  10 — 
Residential mortgages 0.98  111 —  — 
Home equity 4.55  74 —  — 
Automobile —  —  —  — 
Education 4.96  —  —  — 
Other retail 20.30  —  — 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions)
Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction(1)
Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months)(1)
Weighted-Average Payment Deferral(1)
Amount of Principal Forgiven(2)
Commercial and industrial 4.49  % 9 $1  $— 
Commercial real estate 0.53  16 — 
Residential mortgages 2.01  88 —  — 
Home equity 3.16  88 —  — 
Automobile —  —  —  — 
Education 4.31  —  —  — 
Other retail 19.80  —  — 
(1) Weighted based on period-end amortized cost.
(2) Amounts are recorded as charge-offs.
The following tables present an aging analysis of the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the twelve month period ending March 31, 2025 and 2024, disaggregated by class of financing receivable. A loan in a forbearance or repayment plan is reported as past due according to its contractual terms until contractually modified. Subsequent to modification, it is reported as past due based on its restructured terms.
March 31, 2025
Days Past Due and Accruing
(dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89  90+ Nonaccrual  Total
Commercial and industrial $311  $17  $—  $3  $51  $382 
Commercial real estate 380  33  —  —  385  798 
Total commercial 691  50  —  436  1,180 
Residential mortgages 51  17  19  94 
Home equity —  —  12  22 
Automobile —  —  —  —  —  — 
Education —  —  — 
Other retail 13  —  17 
Total retail 81  17  33  142 
Total $772  $56  $5  $20  $469  $1,322 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 50


March 31, 2024
Days Past Due and Accruing
(dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89  90+ Nonaccrual  Total
Commercial and industrial $223  $1  $5  $—  $144  $373 
Commercial real estate 667  38  33  136  879 
Total commercial 890  39  10  33  280  1,252 
Residential mortgages 71  17  —  22  15  125 
Home equity —  —  —  10  15 
Automobile —  —  —  —  —  — 
Education 51  —  —  58 
Other retail 10  —  13 
Total retail 137  19  22  32  211 
Total $1,027  $58  $11  $55  $312  $1,463 
The following tables present the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that defaulted during the period presented and were modified within the previous 12 months preceding the default, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and modification type. The modification type reflects the cumulative effect of all FDMs at the time of default. A loan is considered to be in default if, subsequent to modification, it becomes 90 or more days past due or is placed on nonaccrual status.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Total
Commercial and industrial $—  $—  $—  $—  $— 
Commercial real estate —  71  —  —  71 
Total commercial —  71  —  —  71 
Residential mortgages — 
Home equity —  — 
Automobile —  —  —  —  — 
Education —  —  —  —  — 
Other retail —  —  — 
Total retail 11 
Total $2  $76  $1  $3  $82 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Total
Commercial and industrial $—  $34  $—  $—  $34 
Commercial real estate —  38  —  —  38 
Total commercial —  72  —  —  72 
Residential mortgages —  —  — 
Home equity —  —  —  —  — 
Automobile —  —  —  —  — 
Education —  —  — 
Other retail —  —  —  —  — 
Total retail —  — 
Total $2  $78  $—  $—  $80 
Unfunded commitments related to loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $157 million at March 31, 2025. Unfunded commitments related to loans modified during the year ended December 31, 2024 were $206 million at December 31, 2024.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 51


NOTE 5 - MORTGAGE BANKING AND OTHER SERVICED LOANS
Mortgage Banking
The Company sells residential mortgages into the secondary market and retains no beneficial interest in these sales, but may retain the servicing rights for the loans sold. The Company may exercise its option to repurchase eligible government guaranteed residential mortgages or may be obligated to subsequently repurchase a loan if the purchaser discovers a representation or warranty violation such as noncompliance with eligibility or servicing requirements, or customer fraud that should have been identified in a loan file review.
The following table summarizes activity related to residential mortgage loans sold with servicing rights retained:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Cash proceeds from residential mortgage loans sold with servicing retained $1,658  $1,488 
Gain on sales(1)
16  15 
Contractually specified servicing, late and other ancillary fees(1)
70  79 
(1) Reported in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans related to our MSRs was $95.2 billion and $95.6 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company manages the risk associated with changes in the value of the MSRs with an active economic hedging strategy, which includes the purchase of freestanding derivatives.
The following table summarizes changes in MSRs recorded using the fair value method:
As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Fair value as of beginning of the period $1,491  $1,552 
Amounts capitalized 27  18 
Sales(1)
(72) — 
Changes in unpaid principal balance during the period(2)
(39) (46)
Changes in fair value during the period(3)
(10) 40 
Fair value at end of the period $1,397  $1,564 
(1) For the three months ended March 31, 2025, represents the sale of the excess servicing yield on MSRs related to certain FNMA mortgages with a total unpaid principal balance of $10.5 billion.
(2) Represents changes in value of the MSRs due to i) passage of time including the impact from both regularly scheduled loan principal payments and partial
paydowns, and ii) loans that paid off during the period.
(3) Represents changes in value primarily driven by market conditions. These changes are recorded in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The fair value of MSRs is estimated by using the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration actual and expected mortgage loan prepayment rates, discount rates, contractual servicing fee income, servicing costs, default rates, ancillary income, and other economic factors determined based on current market interest rates. The valuation does not attempt to forecast or predict the future direction of interest rates.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 52


The sensitivity analysis below presents the impact of an immediate 10% and 20% adverse change in key economic assumptions to the current fair value of MSRs. These sensitivities are hypothetical, with the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the MSRs calculated independently without changing any other assumption. Changes in one factor may result in changes in another (e.g., changes in interest rates that drive changes in prepayment rates could result in changes in discount rates) and may amplify or counteract the sensitivities. The primary risk inherent in the Company’s MSRs is an increase in prepayments of the underlying mortgage loans serviced, which is largely dependent upon movements in market interest rates.
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Fair value $1,397 $1,491
Weighted average life (years) 8.5 8.7
Weighted average constant prepayment rate 7.1% 6.7%
Decline in fair value from 10% adverse change
$35 $35
Decline in fair value from 20% adverse change
$67 $67
Weighted average option adjusted spread 628 bps 632 bps
Decline in fair value from 10% adverse change
$40 $42
Decline in fair value from 20% adverse change
$79 $84
The Company has mortgage banking derivatives that include commitments to originate mortgages held for sale, certain loan sale agreements, and other financial instruments that meet the definition of a derivative. Refer to Note 8 for additional information.
Other Serviced Loans
The Company engages in other servicing relationships from time to time. The following table presents the unpaid principal balance of other serviced loans:
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Education $397  $420 
Commercial and industrial(1)
90  92 
(1) Represents the government guaranteed portion of SBA loans sold to outside investors.
NOTE 6 - VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
The Company, in the normal course of business, engages in a variety of activities with entities that are considered VIEs, as defined by GAAP, with its variable interest arising from contractual, ownership or other monetary interests in the entity. A VIE typically does not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.
For more details regarding the Company’s involvement with VIEs see Note 11 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
Consolidated VIEs
The Company has consolidated VIEs related to secured borrowings collateralized by auto loans. The following table summarizes the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for the Company’s consolidated VIEs:
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Assets:
Interest-bearing deposits in banks
$197  $209 
Net loans and leases
3,313  3,843 
Other assets 21  21 
Total assets $3,531  $4,073 
Liabilities:
Long-term borrowed funds $2,885  $3,375 
Other liabilities
Total liabilities $2,892  $3,383 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 53


Secured Borrowings
The Company utilizes a portion of its auto loan portfolio to support certain secured borrowing arrangements, which provide a source of funding for the Company and involves the transfer of auto loans to bankruptcy remote special purpose entities (“SPEs”). These SPEs then issue asset-backed notes to third parties collateralized by the transferred loans.
The assets of a particular VIE are the primary source of funds to settle its obligations. Creditors of these VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company. The performance of the loans transferred to the SPEs is the most significant driver impacting the economic performance of the VIEs.
Unconsolidated VIEs
The Company is involved with various VIEs that are not consolidated including lending to special purpose entities, investments in asset-backed securities and investments in entities that sponsor affordable housing, renewable energy and economic development projects. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss resulting from its involvement with these entities is limited to the balance sheet carrying amount of its investments, unfunded commitments, and the outstanding principal balance of loans to special purpose entities.
A summary of these investments is presented below:
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Lending to special purpose entities included in loans and leases $4,221  $4,215 
LIHTC investments included in other assets 2,685  2,631 
LIHTC unfunded commitments included in other liabilities 1,142  1,109 
Asset-backed investments included in HTM securities 392  412 
Renewable energy investments included in other assets 256  269 
NMTC investments included in other assets
Lending to Special Purpose Entities
The Company provides lending facilities to third-party sponsored special purpose entities. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the lending facilities had undrawn commitments to extend credit of $2.9 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively. For more information on commitments to extend credit see Note 11.
Asset-backed securities
The Company’s investments in asset-backed securities are collateralized by education loans sold to a third-party sponsored VIE. The Company acts as the primary servicer for the sold loans and receives a servicing fee. A third-party servicer is responsible for all loans that become significantly delinquent.
Low Income Housing Tax Credit Partnerships
The purpose of the Company’s LIHTC investments is to assist in achieving the goals of the Community Reinvestment Act and to earn an adequate return of capital.
Renewable Energy Entities
The Company’s investments in certain renewable energy entities provide benefits from government incentives and other tax attributes (e.g., tax depreciation).
Contingent commitments related to the Company’s renewable energy investments were $44 million at March 31, 2025, and are expected to be paid in varying amounts through 2027. These payments are contingent upon the level of electricity production attained by the renewable energy entity relative to its targeted threshold, changes in the production tax credit rates set by the Internal Revenue Service, and the achievement of commercial operation for a certain renewable energy project under its power purchase agreement.
New Markets Tax Credit Program
The Company participates in the NMTC program which provides a tax incentive for private sector investment into economic development projects and businesses located in low-income communities.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 54


The following table summarizes the impact to the Consolidated Statements of Operations relative to the Company’s tax credit programs for which it has elected to apply the proportional amortization method of accounting:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Tax credits recognized $106  $97 
Other tax benefits recognized 23  23 
Amortization (102) (99)
Net benefit (expense) included in income tax expense 27  21 
Other income
Allocated income (loss) on investments (3) (3)
Net benefit (expense) included in noninterest income (1) (2)
Net benefit (expense) included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations(1)
$26  $19 
(1) Includes the impact of tax credit investments when the election to apply the proportional amortization method was in effect during the periods presented. For 2025 and 2024, this includes LIHTC, renewable energy and NMTC investments.
The Company did not recognize impairment losses resulting from the forfeiture or ineligibility of income tax credits or other circumstances during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.
NOTE 7 - BORROWED FUNDS
Short-term borrowed funds
Borrowings with original maturities of one year or less are classified as short-term and were comprised of the following.
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Other short-term borrowed funds $47  $— 
Total short-term borrowed funds $47  $— 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 55


Long-term borrowed funds
The following table presents a summary of the Company’s long-term borrowed funds:
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Parent Company:
4.350% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due August 2025
133  133 
4.300% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due December 2025
336  336 
2.850% fixed-rate senior unsecured notes, due July 2026
499  499 
5.841% fixed/floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due January 2030
1,245  1,245 
2.500% fixed-rate senior unsecured notes, due February 2030
299  299 
3.250% fixed-rate senior unsecured notes, due April 2030
747  747 
3.750% fixed-rate reset subordinated debt, due February 2031
69  69 
4.300% fixed-rate reset subordinated debt, due February 2031
135  135 
4.350% fixed-rate reset subordinated debt, due February 2031
61  60 
5.253% fixed/floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due March 2031
746  — 
5.718% fixed/floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due July 2032
1,244  1,243 
2.638% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due September 2032
571  570 
6.645% fixed/floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due April 2035
745  745 
5.641% fixed-rate reset subordinated debt, due May 2037
398  398 
CBNA’s Global Note Program:
2.250% senior unsecured notes, due April 2025
750  750 
5.284% fixed/floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due January 2026(1)
—  350 
3.750% senior unsecured notes, due February 2026
494  492 
4.575% fixed/floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due August 2028
798  798 
Additional Borrowings by CBNA and Other Subsidiaries:
Federal Home Loan Bank advances, 2.944% weighted average rate, due through 2043(2)
42  53 
Secured borrowings, 5.565% weighted average rate, due through 2031(2)(3)
2,937  3,461 
Other 18  18 
Total long-term borrowed funds $12,267  $12,401 
(1) Notes were redeemed on January 27, 2025.
(2) Rate disclosed reflects the weighted average rate as of March 31, 2025.
(3) Collateralized by loans. See Note 6 for additional information.
At March 31, 2025, the Company’s long-term borrowed funds include principal balances of $12.4 billion, unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts of $84 million, and hedging basis adjustments of ($6) million. At December 31, 2024, the Company’s long-term borrowed funds include principal balances of $12.5 billion, unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts of $85 million, and hedging basis adjustments of ($8) million. See Note 8 for further information about the Company’s hedging of certain long-term borrowed funds.
Advances, lines of credit and letters of credit from the FHLB are collateralized primarily by residential mortgages and home equity products sufficient to satisfy the collateral maintenance level established by the FHLB. The utilized FHLB borrowing capacity, primarily for advances and letters of credit, was $4.7 billion and $4.6 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company’s available FHLB borrowing capacity was $23.0 billion and $21.1 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company can also borrow from the FRB discount window to meet short-term liquidity requirements. Collateral, including certain loans, is pledged to support this borrowing capacity. At March 31, 2025, the Company’s unused secured borrowing capacity was approximately $77.4 billion, which includes unencumbered securities, FHLB borrowing capacity, and FRB discount window capacity.
NOTE 8 - DERIVATIVES
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into derivative transactions to meet the financing and hedging needs of its customers and reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. These transactions include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate options, foreign exchange contracts, residential loan commitment rate locks, interest rate future contracts, swaptions, certain commodities, forward commitments to sell TBAs, forward purchase and sale contracts, and purchase options. The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. Information regarding the valuation methodology and inputs used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments is described in Note 20 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
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The following table presents derivative instruments included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Notional Amount Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities Notional Amount Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts
$72,140  $284  $10  $69,077  $402  $5 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts
163,936  175  674  171,193  160  905 
Foreign exchange contracts 36,876  318  326  34,749  472  411 
Commodities contracts 1,133  689  634  1,136  429  379 
TBA contracts 3,167  10  2,714  10 
Other contracts 1,080  615 
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments 206,192  1,193  1,647  210,407  1,074  1,705 
Total gross derivatives 278,332  1,477  1,657  279,484  1,476  1,710 
Less: Gross amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets(1)
(411) (411) (391) (391)
Less: Cash collateral applied(1)
(306) (363) (677) (99)
Total net derivatives presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets $760  $883  $408  $1,220 
(1) Amounts represent the impact of enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to net settle positive and negative positions, as well as collateral paid and received.
The Company’s derivative transactions are internally divided into three sub-groups: institutional, customer facilitation and residential loan. Certain derivative transactions within these sub-groups are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges, as described below:
Derivatives Designated As Hedging Instruments
The Company’s institutional derivatives qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The net interest accruals on interest rate swaps designated in a fair value or cash flow hedge relationship are treated as an adjustment to interest income or interest expense of the item being hedged. All hedging relationships are formally documented at inception, as well as risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various accounting hedges. In addition, the effectiveness of hedge relationships is monitored during the duration of the hedge period. The methods utilized to assess hedge effectiveness vary based on the hedge relationship and each relationship is monitored to ensure that management’s initial intent continues to be satisfied. Hedge accounting treatment is discontinued when the derivative is terminated or when it is determined that a derivative is not expected to be, or has ceased to be, effective as a hedge. Changes in the fair value of a derivative are reflected in earnings after termination of the hedge relationship.
Fair Value Hedges
In a fair value hedge, changes in the fair value of both the derivative instrument and the hedged asset or liability attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in the same income statement line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the changes in fair value occur. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has designated $4.7 billion of interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of its fixed-rate prepayable AFS securities using the portfolio layer method. This approach allows the Company to designate as the hedged item a stated amount of the assets that are not expected to be affected by prepayments, defaults and other factors affecting the timing and amount of cash flows. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has also designated $3.2 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively, of interest rate swaps as fair value hedges to manage interest rate risk within its nonprepayable fixed-rate AFS securities portfolio.
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The following table presents the effect of fair value hedges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the respective line items affected for each hedged item:
Location and Amount of Gains (Losses) Recognized
Interest Income
Interest Expense
(dollars in millions)
Investment Securities
Long-Term Borrowed Funds
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
Gains (losses) on fair value hedges recognized on:
Hedged items
$116  ($2)
Derivatives
(118)
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives
11  (2)
Total net interest income recognized on fair value hedges
$9  ($2)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Gains (losses) on fair value hedges recognized on:
Hedged items
($135) $3 
Derivatives
139  (3)
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives 25  (4)
Total net interest income recognized on fair value hedges
$29  ($4)
The following table reflects amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges:    
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Debt securities available for sale(1)
Long-term borrowed funds
Debt securities available for sale(1)
Long-term borrowed funds
Carrying amount of hedged assets(2)
$9,623  $—  $9,557  $— 
Carrying amount of hedged liabilities —  494  —  491 
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the hedged items 20  (6) (97) (8)
(1) Includes the amortized cost basis of closed portfolios used to designate hedging relationships under the portfolio layer method. The hedged item is a layer of the closed portfolio which is expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $6.3 billion and $6.4 billion, respectively, including associated cumulative basis adjustments of $(2) million and $(75) million, respectively. The amount of the designated hedging instruments was $4.7 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(2) Carrying amount represents amortized cost.
Cash Flow Hedges
In a cash flow hedge the entire change in the fair value of the interest rate swap included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness is initially recorded in OCI and is subsequently reclassified from AOCI into earnings in the period during which the hedged item affects earnings.
The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements designed primarily to hedge a portion of its floating-rate assets and liabilities. All of these swaps are deemed highly effective cash flow hedges. From time to time, the Company may also enter into certain interest rate option agreements that utilize interest rate floors and/or caps. Option premiums paid and received are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and are amortized over the life of the instruments. During the first quarter of 2025, the Company entered into a cash flow hedge with a notional amount of $1.5 billion to manage the variability in cash flows related to the sale of Non-Core education loans, which will settle ratably each quarter throughout 2025.
The following table presents the pre-tax net gains (losses) recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Pre-tax net gains (losses) recognized in OCI
$284  ($550)
Pre-tax net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into interest income
(202) (203)
Pre-tax net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into interest expense
—  — 
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Using the March 31, 2025 interest rate curve, the Company estimates that $612 million in pre-tax net losses related to cash flow hedge strategies will be reclassified from AOCI to earnings over the next 12 months. These losses could differ from amounts recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations or the addition of other hedges after March 31, 2025.
Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instruments
The Company offers derivatives to customers in connection with their risk management needs consisting primarily of interest rate, foreign exchange and commodity contracts. Market risk exposure from customer transactions is primarily managed by entering into a variety of hedging transactions with third-party dealers. Gains and losses on customer-related derivatives are reported in foreign exchange and derivatives products in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Residential mortgage loans that will be sold in the secondary market and the related loan commitments, which are considered derivatives, are accounted for at fair value. Forward contracts to sell mortgage-backed securities are utilized to hedge the fair value of the loans and related commitments. Gains and losses on the loans and related commitments, and the derivatives used to economically hedge them, are reported in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Residential MSRs are accounted for at fair value. Derivatives utilized to hedge the fair value of residential MSRs include interest rate futures, swaps, options, and forward contracts to purchase mortgage-backed securities. Gains and losses on residential MSRs and the related derivatives are reported in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table presents the effect of economic hedges on noninterest income:
Amounts Recognized in
Noninterest Income for the
Three Months Ended March 31, Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Economic hedge type:
Customer interest rate contracts $165  ($494) Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging interest rate risk (157) 503  Foreign exchange and derivative products
Customer foreign exchange contracts 98  (110) Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging foreign exchange risk (131) 145  Foreign exchange and derivative products
Customer commodity contracts 343  35  Foreign exchange and derivative products
Derivatives hedging commodity price risk (336) (32) Foreign exchange and derivative products
Residential loan commitments (2) Mortgage banking fees
Derivatives hedging residential loan commitments and mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value
(13) Mortgage banking fees
Derivative contracts used to hedge residential MSRs 22  (38) Mortgage banking fees
Total ($3) $10 
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NOTE 9 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following table presents the changes in the balances, net of income taxes, of each component of AOCI:
As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities
Defined Benefit Plans
Total AOCI
Balance at January 1, 2024 ($1,087) ($2,338) ($333) ($3,758)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (405) (173) (574)
Amounts reclassified to the Consolidated Statements of Operations 149  14  168 
Net other comprehensive income (loss) (256) (159) (406)
Balance at March 31, 2024 ($1,343) ($2,497) ($324) ($4,164)
Balance at January 1, 2025 ($925) ($2,369) ($301) ($3,595)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 208  282  —  490 
Amounts reclassified to the Consolidated Statements of Operations 148  13  164 
Net other comprehensive income (loss) 356  295  654 
Balance at March 31, 2025 ($569) ($2,074) ($298) ($2,941)
Primary location in the Consolidated Statements of Operations of amounts reclassified from AOCI Net interest income
Securities gains, net and Net interest income
Other operating expense
NOTE 10 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred Stock
The following table summarizes the Company’s preferred stock:
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions, except per share data) Liquidation value per share Preferred Shares Carrying Amount Preferred Shares Carrying Amount
Authorized ($25 par value per share)
100,000,000  100,000,000 
Issued and outstanding:
Series B $1,000  300,000  $296  300,000  $296 
Series C 1,000  300,000  297  300,000  297 
Series E 1,000 
(1)
450,000 
(2)
437  450,000  437 
Series F 1,000  400,000  395  400,000  395 
Series G 1,000  300,000  296  300,000  296 
Series H
1,000 
(1)
400,000 
(3)
392  400,000  392 
Total 2,150,000  $2,113  2,150,000  $2,113 
(1) Equivalent to $25 per depositary share.
(2) Represented by 18,000,000 depositary shares each representing a 1/40th interest in the Series E Preferred Stock.
(3) Represented by 16,000,000 depositary shares each representing a 1/40th interest in the Series H Preferred Stock.
For further detail regarding the terms and conditions of the Company’s preferred stock, see Note 17 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
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Dividends
The following table summarizes the Company’s dividend activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions, except per share data) Dividends Declared per Share Dividends Declared Dividends Paid Dividends Declared per Share Dividends Declared Dividends Paid
Common stock $0.42  $186  $186  $0.42  $197  $197 
Preferred stock
Series B $19.11  $6  $6  $21.72  $7  $7 
Series C 19.50  15.94 
Series D —  —  —  15.88 
Series E 12.50  12.50 
Series F 14.13  14.13 
Series G 10.00  10.00 
Series H
18.44  —  —  — 
Total preferred stock $33  $34  $30  $31 
Treasury Stock
During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company repurchased $200 million, or 4,483,894 shares, and $300 million, or 9,244,939 shares, respectively, of its outstanding common stock, which are held in treasury stock.
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
A summary of outstanding off-balance sheet arrangements is presented below. For more information on these arrangements, see Note 19 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
(dollars in millions) March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Commitments to extend credit $94,106  $93,460 
Letters of credit 1,875  1,845 
Loans sold with recourse 91  93 
Marketing rights 12  14 
Risk participation agreements
Total $96,089  $95,413 
Commitments to Extend Credit
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers in accordance with conditions contractually agreed upon in advance. These commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of these commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements.
Letters of Credit
Letters of credit in the table above reflect commercial, standby financial and standby performance letters of credit. Financial and performance standby letters of credit are issued by the Company for the benefit of its customers. They are used as conditional guarantees of payment to a third party in the event the customer either fails to make specific payments (financial) or fails to complete a specific project (performance). The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of counterparty nonperformance in connection with the above instruments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Letters of credit are generally secured, with collateral including, but not limited to, cash, accounts receivable, inventory or investment securities. Credit risk associated with letters of credit is considered in determining the appropriate amount of allowances for unfunded commitments. Standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit are issued for terms of up to two years and one year, respectively.
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Other Commitments
The Company has additional off-balance sheet arrangements that are summarized below:
•Marketing Rights - During 2003, the Company entered into a 25-year agreement to acquire the naming and marketing rights of a baseball stadium in Pennsylvania.
•Loans sold with recourse - the Company is an originator and servicer of residential mortgages and routinely sells such mortgage loans in the secondary market and to GSEs. In the context of such sales, the Company makes certain representations and warranties regarding the characteristics of the underlying loans and, as a result, may be contractually required to repurchase such loans or indemnify certain parties against losses for certain breaches of those representations and warranties. The Company also sells the government guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans to outside investors, for which it retains the servicing rights.
•Risk Participation Agreements - RPAs are guarantees issued by the Company to other parties for a fee, whereby the Company agrees to participate in the credit risk of a derivative customer of the other party. The current amount of credit exposure is spread out over multiple counterparties. At March 31, 2025, the remaining terms on these RPAs ranged from less than one year to nine years.
Contingencies
The Company operates in a legal and regulatory environment that exposes it to potentially significant risks. A certain amount of litigation ordinarily results from the nature of the Company’s banking and other businesses. The Company is a party to legal proceedings, including class actions. The Company is also the subject of investigations, reviews, subpoenas, and regulatory matters arising out of its normal business operations which, in some instances, relate to concerns about fair lending, unfair and/or deceptive practices, and mortgage-related issues. In addition, the Company engages in discussions with relevant governmental and regulatory authorities on a regular and ongoing basis regarding various issues, and any issues discussed or identified may result in investigatory or other action being taken. Litigation and regulatory matters may result in settlements, damages, fines, penalties, public or private censure, increased costs, required remediation, restrictions on business activities, or other impacts on the Company.
In these disputes and proceedings, the Company contests liability and the amount of damages as appropriate. Given their complex nature, and based on the Company's experience, it may be years before some of these matters are finally resolved. Moreover, before liability can be reasonably estimated for a claim, numerous legal and factual issues may need to be examined, including through potentially lengthy discovery and determination of important factual matters, and by addressing novel or unsettled legal issues relevant to the proceedings in question. The Company cannot predict with certainty if, how, or when such claims will be resolved or what the eventual settlement, fine, penalty or other relief, if any, may be, particularly for claims that are at an early stage in their development or where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages. The Company recognizes a provision for a claim when, in the opinion of management after seeking legal advice, it is probable that a liability exists and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. In many proceedings, however, it is not possible to determine whether any loss is probable or to estimate the amount of any loss.
Based on information currently available, the advice of legal counsel and other advisers, and established reserves, management believes that the aggregate liabilities, if any, potentially arising from these proceedings will not have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTE 12 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company measures or monitors many of its assets and liabilities on a fair value basis. Fair value is used on a recurring basis for assets and liabilities for which fair value is the required or elected measurement basis of accounting. Fair value is also used on a nonrecurring basis to evaluate assets for impairment or for disclosure purposes. Nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve the application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. Fair value measurement guidance is also applied to determine amounts reported for certain disclosures in this Note for assets and liabilities that are not required to be reported at fair value in the financial statements.
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Fair Value Option
The Company elected to account for residential mortgage LHFS and certain commercial LHFS at fair value. The following table presents the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance of LHFS measured at fair value:
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Aggregate Fair Value Aggregate Unpaid Principal Aggregate Fair Value Greater (Less) Than Aggregate Unpaid Principal Aggregate Fair Value Aggregate Unpaid Principal Aggregate Fair Value Greater (Less) Than Aggregate Unpaid Principal
Residential mortgage loans held for sale
$922  $894  $28  $633  $625  $8 
Commercial loans held for sale
215  226  (11) 192  199  (7)
For more information on the election of the fair value option for these assets see Note 20 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company utilizes a variety of valuation techniques to measure its assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. For more information on the valuation techniques utilized to measure fair value on a recurring basis, see Note 20 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
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The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value, including gross derivative assets and liabilities, on a recurring basis at March 31, 2025:
(dollars in millions) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Debt securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities $30,014  $—  $30,014  $— 
Collateralized loan obligations 124  —  124  — 
State and political subdivisions —  — 
U.S. Treasury and other 4,069  4,069  —  — 
Total debt securities available for sale 34,208  4,069  30,139  — 
Loans held for sale:
Residential loans held for sale
922  —  922  — 
Commercial loans held for sale
215  —  215  — 
Total loans held for sale, at fair value
1,137  —  1,137  — 
Mortgage servicing rights 1,397  —  —  1,397 
Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts 459  —  459  — 
Foreign exchange contracts 318  —  318  — 
Commodities contracts 689  —  689  — 
TBA contracts —  — 
Other contracts — 
Total derivative assets 1,477  —  1,469 
Equity securities, at fair value(1)
178  178  —  — 
Short-term investments
55  20  35  — 
Total assets $38,452  $4,267  $32,780  $1,405 
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts $684  $—  $684  $— 
Foreign exchange contracts 326  —  326  — 
Commodities contracts 634  —  634  — 
TBA contracts 10  —  10  — 
Other contracts —  — 
Total derivative liabilities 1,657  —  1,654 
Short-term borrowed funds
47  39  — 
Other liabilities
106  —  106  — 
Total liabilities $1,810  $39  $1,768  $3 
(1) Excludes investments of $58 million included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient. These investments include capital contributions to private investment funds and have unfunded capital commitments of $23 million at March 31, 2025, which may be called at any time during prescribed time periods. The credit exposure is generally limited to the carrying amount of investments made and unfunded capital commitments.
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The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value, including gross derivative assets and liabilities, on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024:
(dollars in millions) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Debt securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities $29,055  $—  $29,055  $— 
Collateralized loan obligations 184  —  184  — 
State and political subdivisions —  — 
U.S. Treasury and other 3,525  3,525  —  — 
Total debt securities available for sale 32,765  3,525  29,240  — 
Loans held for sale:
Residential loans held for sale
633  —  633  — 
Commercial loans held for sale
192  —  192  — 
Total loans held for sale, at fair value
825  —  825  — 
Mortgage servicing rights 1,491  —  —  1,491 
Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts 562  —  562  — 
Foreign exchange contracts 472  —  472  — 
Commodities contracts 429  —  429  — 
TBA contracts 10  —  10  — 
Other contracts —  — 
Total derivative assets 1,476  —  1,473 
Equity securities, at fair value(1)
162  162  —  — 
Short-term investments
53  40  13  — 
Total assets $36,772  $3,727  $31,551  $1,494 
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts $910  $—  $910  $— 
Foreign exchange contracts 411  —  411  — 
Commodities contracts 379  —  379  — 
TBA contracts —  — 
Other contracts —  — 
Total derivative liabilities 1,710  —  1,708 
Short-term borrowed funds
—  —  —  — 
Other liabilities
101  —  101  — 
Total liabilities $1,811  $—  $1,809  $2 
(1) Excludes investments of $58 million included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient. These investments include capital contributions to private investment funds and have unfunded capital commitments of $24 million at December 31, 2024, which may be called at any time during prescribed time periods. The credit exposure is generally limited to the carrying amount of investments made and unfunded capital commitments.
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The following tables present a roll forward of the balance sheet amounts for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as Level 3:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(dollars in millions) Mortgage Servicing Rights Other Derivative Contracts
Beginning balance $1,491  $1 
Issuances 27  16 
Sales(1)
(72) — 
Settlements(2)
(39) (16)
Changes in fair value during the period recognized in earnings(3)
(10)
Ending balance $1,397  $5 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Mortgage Servicing Rights Other Derivative Contracts
Beginning balance $1,552  $7 
Issuances 18  13 
Settlements(2)
(46) (10)
Changes in fair value during the period recognized in earnings(3)
40  (2)
Ending balance $1,564  $8 
(1) For MSRs, represents the sale of the excess servicing yield on MSRs.
(2) For MSRs, represents changes in value of the MSRs due to i) passage of time including the impact from both regularly scheduled loan principal payments and partial paydowns, and ii) loans that paid off during the period. For other derivative contracts, represents the closeout of interest rate lock commitments.
(3) Represents changes in value primarily driven by market conditions. These changes are recorded in mortgage banking fees and other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs utilized to measure the fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities.
As of March 31, 2025 As of December 31, 2024
Financial Instrument(1)
Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range (Weighted Average) Range (Weighted Average)
Mortgage servicing rights Discounted Cash Flow Constant prepayment rate
5.65-16.12% CPR (7.10% CPR)
5.08-16.32% CPR (6.70% CPR)
Option adjusted spread
398-1,058 bps (628 bps)
398-1,058 bps (632 bps)
Other derivative contracts Internal Model Pull through rate
6.67-99.93% (82.98%)
5.09-99.90% (83.06%)
MSR value
31.71-163.78 bps (117.97 bps)
23.91-171.64 bps (121.23 bps)
(1) Disclosures related to the fair value measurement of financial instruments deemed immaterial are not included.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is also used on a nonrecurring basis to evaluate certain assets for impairment or for disclosure purposes. For more information on the valuation techniques utilized to measure fair value on a nonrecurring basis, see Note 20 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
The following table presents losses on assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recorded in earnings:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Collateral-dependent loans ($59) ($56)

The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Collateral-dependent loans $910  $—  $910  $—  $979  $—  $979  $— 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 66


Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following tables present the estimated fair value for financial instruments not recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The carrying amounts are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the indicated captions:
March 31, 2025
Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(dollars in millions) Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Debt securities held to maturity $8,469  $7,515  $—  $—  $8,077  $7,129  $392  $386 
Loans held for sale
1,683  1,683  —  —  —  —  1,683  1,683 
Net loans and leases 135,621  134,844  —  —  910  910  134,711  133,934 
Other assets 711  711  —  —  689  689  22  22 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits 177,576  177,508  —  —  177,576  177,508  —  — 
Long-term borrowed funds 12,267  12,222  —  —  12,267  12,222  —  — 
December 31, 2024
Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(dollars in millions) Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Debt securities held to maturity $8,599  $7,540  $—  $—  $8,187  $7,136  $412  $404 
Loans held for sale
33  33  —  —  —  —  33  33 
Net loans and leases 137,142  136,293  —  —  979  979  136,163  135,314 
Other assets 710  710  —  —  689  689  21  21 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits 174,776  174,651  —  —  174,776  174,651  —  — 
Long-term borrowed funds 12,401  12,247  —  —  12,401  12,247  —  — 
NOTE 13 - NONINTEREST INCOME
A portion of the Company’s noninterest income relates to certain fee-based revenue earned from contracts with customers based on the amount of consideration expected to be received upon the transfer of control of a good or service. For a description of the components of revenue from contracts with customers and how each component is recognized for the principal products and services of the Company’s business segments, see Note 21 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 67


The following tables present noninterest income segregated by revenue from contracts with customers and revenue from other sources, disaggregated by business segment. Revenue from other sources primarily includes income from letter of credit and loan fees, foreign exchange and derivative products, and mortgage banking fees.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(dollars in millions) Consumer Banking Commercial Banking
Non-Core
Other Consolidated
Service charges and fees $74  $34  $—  $—  $108 
Card fees 67  13  —  —  80 
Capital markets fees —  95  —  —  95 
Wealth fees
81  —  —  —  81 
Other banking fees —  — 
Total revenue from contracts with customers $223  $144  $—  $—  $367 
Total revenue from other sources(1)
74  71  —  32  177 
Total noninterest income $297  $215  $—  $32  $544 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Consumer Banking Commercial Banking
Non-Core
Other
Consolidated
Service charges and fees $63  $33  $—  $—  $96 
Card fees 66  15  —  84 
Capital markets fees —  116  —  —  116 
Wealth fees
68  —  —  —  68 
Other banking fees —  — 
Total revenue from contracts with customers $198  $166  $—  $3  $367 
Total revenue from other sources(1)
60  61  —  29  150 
Total noninterest income $258  $227  $—  $32  $517 
(1) Includes bank-owned life insurance income of $27 million and $24 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized trailing commissions of $4 million related to previous investment sales.
NOTE 14 - OTHER OPERATING EXPENSE
The following table presents the details of other operating expense:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Marketing $40  $35 
Deposit insurance(1)
38  76 
Other 79  92 
Other operating expense $157  $203 
(1) Includes an industry-wide FDIC special assessment of $35 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 68


NOTE 15 - EARNINGS PER SHARE
Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions, except per share data) 2025 2024
Numerator (basic and diluted):
Net income $373  $334 
Less: Preferred stock dividends 33  30 
Net income available to common stockholders $340  $304 
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic 438,320,757  461,358,681 
Dilutive common shares: share-based awards 3,879,423  2,439,283 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted 442,200,180  463,797,964 
Earnings per common share:
Basic $0.78  $0.66 
Diluted(1)
0.77  0.65 
(1) Potential dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of diluted EPS in the periods where the effect would be antidilutive. Excluded from the computation of diluted EPS were weighted-average antidilutive shares totaling 126,523 and 1,305,850 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
NOTE 16 - BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The Company is managed by its CODM, the Chief Executive Officer, on a segment basis. The Company’s three reportable business segments are Consumer Banking, Commercial Banking, and Non-Core. The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served. Each business segment has a segment head that reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer, who has final authority over resource allocation decisions and performance assessment. The business segments reflect this management structure and the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by the Chief Executive Officer.
The CODM utilizes segment pretax profit or loss as the primary measure to allocate resources to the Company’s business segments during the annual budgeting and forecasting process. This measure is also used to assess the performance of each segment, with a focus on monitoring net interest income, noninterest income, and noninterest expense. To ensure effective oversight, the CODM participates in monthly business review meetings, where budget- and forecast-to-actual variances for pretax profit or loss and its components are analyzed. These evaluations inform the CODM’s decisions regarding the allocation of capital and resources across the business segments, ensuring alignment with the Company’s strategic objectives.
Developing and applying methodologies used to allocate items among the business segments is a dynamic process. Accordingly, financial results may be revised periodically as management systems are enhanced, methods of evaluating performance or product lines are updated, or organizational structure changes occur.
For more information on the Company’s business segments, as well as Other non-segment operations, see Note 26 in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 69


Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(dollars in millions) Consumer Banking Commercial Banking
Non-Core
Other Consolidated
Net interest income $1,193  $441  ($15) ($228) $1,391 
Noninterest income 297  215  —  32  544 
Total revenue 1,490  656  (15) (196) 1,935 
Direct expenses(1)(2)
669  218  —  427  1,314 
Indirect expenses(3)
285  109  16  (410) — 
Noninterest expense 954  327  16  17  1,314 
Profit (loss) before provision (benefit) for credit losses 536  329  (31) (213) 621 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses 86  77  37  (47) 153 
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) 450  252  (68) (166) 468 
Income tax expense (benefit) 114  56  (17) (58) 95 
Net income (loss) $336  $196  ($51) ($108) $373 
Total average assets $77,534  $65,366  $6,536  $66,873  $216,309 
(1) Represents operating expenses incurred by the business segments and primarily includes salaries and employee benefits, equipment and software, outside services, and occupancy.
(2) Includes depreciation and amortization of $31 million, $5 million and $75 million, respectively, for the Consumer Banking, Commercial Banking and Other business segments.
(3) Represents allocated corporate overhead from support functions such as information technology, finance, risk, and human resources.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(dollars in millions) Consumer Banking Commercial Banking
Non-Core
Other Consolidated
Net interest income $1,093  $514  ($37) ($128) $1,442 
Noninterest income 258  227  —  32  517 
Total revenue 1,351  741  (37) (96) 1,959 
Direct expenses(1)(2)
576  213  568  1,358 
Indirect expenses(3)
327  104  24  (455) — 
Noninterest expense 903  317  25  113  1,358 
Profit (loss) before provision (benefit) for credit losses 448  424  (62) (209) 601 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses 81  81  19  (10) 171 
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) 367  343  (81) (199) 430 
Income tax expense (benefit) 95  84  (21) (62) 96 
Net income (loss) $272  $259  ($60) ($137) $334 
Total average assets $73,833  $70,100  $10,554  $66,283  $220,770 
(1) Represents operating expenses incurred by the business segments and primarily includes salaries and employee benefits, equipment and software, outside services, and occupancy.
(2) Includes depreciation and amortization of $27 million, $7 million and $77 million, respectively, for the Consumer Banking, Commercial Banking and Other business segments.
(3) Represents allocated corporate overhead from support functions such as information technology, finance, risk, and human resources.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are presented in the “Market Risk” section of Part I, Item 2 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 70


ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In accordance with Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management's evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Information required by this item is presented in Note 11 and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should consider the risks described under Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Details of the repurchases of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2025 are included below:
Period
Total Number of Shares Repurchased(1)
Average Price Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(2)
Maximum Dollar Amount of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(2)
January 1, 2025 - January 31, 2025 3,518,940 $44.63 3,518,940 $542,938,681
February 1, 2025 - February 28, 2025 1,032 $0.01 $542,938,681
March 1, 2025 - March 31, 2025 963,922 $44.64 962,036 $500,000,000
(1) Includes shares repurchased to satisfy applicable tax withholding obligations in connection with an employee share-based compensation plan and the forfeiture of unvested restricted stock awards.
(2) On June 28, 2024, the Company announced that its Board of Directors increased the capacity under its common share repurchase program by an additional $656 million to $1.25 billion, which was incremental to the $594 million of capacity remaining under the prior February 2023 authorization.
Common stock share repurchases may be executed in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including under Rule 10b5-1 plans and accelerated share repurchase and other structured transactions. The timing and exact amount of future share repurchases will be subject to various factors, including the Company’s capital position, financial performance, capital impacts of strategic initiatives, market conditions, and regulatory considerations.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 71


ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant as in effect on the date hereof, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and effective July 8, 2024 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 9, 2024)

3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (as amended and restated on February 16, 2023) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 17, 2023)

31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

101    The following materials from the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025, formatted in inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements*

104    Cover page interactive data file in inline XBRL format, included in Exhibit 101 to this report*

* Filed herewith.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 72


SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on May 1, 2025.

CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
(Registrant)
By:
/s/ Christopher J. Schnirel
Name: Christopher J. Schnirel
Title: Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)

Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 73
EX-31.1 2 a311certexceo302-q12025.htm EX-31.1 Document
EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
_________________________________________________________________________________________
I, Bruce Van Saun, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Citizens Financial Group, Inc.;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: May 1, 2025                        
/s/ Bruce Van Saun
Bruce Van Saun
Chief Executive Officer


EX-31.2 3 a312certexcfo302-q12025.htm EX-31.2 Document
EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
_________________________________________________________________________________________
I, John F. Woods, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Citizens Financial Group, Inc.;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: May 1, 2025                            
/s/ John F. Woods
John F. Woods
Chief Financial Officer


EX-32.1 4 a321certexceo906-q12025.htm EX-32.1 Document
EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned Chief Executive Officer of Citizens Financial Group, Inc. (the "Company"), does hereby certify that:

1.    The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 (the “Form 10-Q”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
    
2.    The information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date: May 1, 2025


/s/ Bruce Van Saun
Bruce Van Saun
Chief Executive Officer


A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff on request.

EX-32.2 5 a322certexcfo906-q12025.htm EX-32.2 Document
EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned Chief Financial Officer of Citizens Financial Group, Inc. (the "Company"), does hereby certify that:

1.    The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 (the “Form 10-Q”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
    
2.    The information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date: May 1, 2025



/s/ John F. Woods
John F. Woods
Chief Financial Officer



A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff on request.