株探米国株
英語
エドガーで原本を確認する
Washington Trust Bancorp 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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the quarterly period ended
September 30, 2023 or
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from ______ to ______.
Commission file number:  001-32991
WASHINGTON TRUST BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Rhode Island
05-0404671
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (IRS Employer Identification No.)
23 Broad Street
Westerly, Rhode Island 02891
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(401) 348-1200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
COMMON STOCK, $.0625 PAR VALUE PER SHARE WASH The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐ Yes ☒ No
The number of shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding as of October 31, 2023 was 17,030,985.



FORM 10-Q
WASHINGTON TRUST BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Number

-2-



Glossary of Acronyms and Terms
The following is a list of acronyms and terms that are used throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

2021 Repurchase Program Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc.'s Stock Repurchase Program adopted on November 10, 2021
2023 Repurchase Program Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc.'s Stock Repurchase Program commencing January 1, 2023
ACL Allowance for credit losses
ALCO Asset/Liability Committee
AOCL Accumulated other comprehensive loss
ASC Accounting Standards Codification
ASU Accounting Standards Update
ATM Automated teller machine
AUA Assets under administration
Bancorp Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc.
Bank The Washington Trust Company, of Westerly
BOLI Bank-owned life insurance
C&I Commercial and industrial
CDARS Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service
Corporation The Bancorp and its subsidiaries
CRE Commercial real estate
DCF Discounted cash flow
DDM Demand Deposit Marketplace
DOJ U.S. Department of Justice
EPS Earnings per common share
ERM Enterprise risk management
Exchange Act Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Reserve Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FHLB Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston
FRBB Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
FTE Fully taxable equivalent
GAAP Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
ICS Insured Cash Sweep
LTV Loan to value
NIM Net interest margin
OREO Property acquired through foreclosure or repossession
PPP Paycheck Protection Program
S&P Standard and Poors, Inc.
SBA Small Business Administration
SEC U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
TDR Troubled debt restructuring
TLM Troubled loan modification
Washington Trust The Bancorp and its subsidiaries

-3-


PART I.  Financial Information
Item 1.  Financial Statements
Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except par value)
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Assets:
Cash and due from banks $109,432  $115,492 
Short-term investments 3,577  2,930 
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value 10,550  8,987 
Available for sale debt securities, at fair value (amortized cost of $1,170,105, net of allowance for credit losses on securities of $0 at September 30, 2023; and amortized cost of $1,166,340; net of allowance for credit losses on securities of $0 at December 31, 2022)
958,990  993,928 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost 52,668  43,463 
Loans:
Total loans 5,611,115  5,110,139 
Less: allowance for credit losses on loans 40,213  38,027 
Net loans 5,570,902  5,072,112 
Premises and equipment, net 31,976  31,550 
Operating lease right-of-use assets 27,882  27,156 
Investment in bank-owned life insurance 103,003  102,182 
Goodwill 63,909  63,909 
Identifiable intangible assets, net 3,919  4,554 
Other assets 246,667  193,788 
Total assets $7,183,475  $6,660,051 
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing deposits $773,261  $858,953 
Interest-bearing deposits 4,642,302  4,160,009 
Total deposits 5,415,563  5,018,962 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 1,120,000  980,000 
Junior subordinated debentures 22,681  22,681 
Operating lease liabilities 30,554  29,558 
Other liabilities 163,273  155,181 
Total liabilities 6,752,071  6,206,382 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Shareholders’ Equity:
Common stock of $.0625 par value; authorized 60,000,000 shares; 17,363,457 shares issued and 17,019,239 shares outstanding at September 30, 2023 and 17,363,457 shares issued and 17,182,753 shares outstanding at December 31, 2022
1,085  1,085 
Paid-in capital 126,310  127,056 
Retained earnings 498,521  492,043 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (178,734) (157,800)
Treasury stock, at cost; 344,218 shares at September 30, 2023 and 180,704 shares at December 31, 2022
(15,778) (8,715)
Total shareholders’ equity 431,404  453,669 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $7,183,475  $6,660,051 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
-4-


Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Interest income:
Interest and fees on loans $70,896  $45,125  $196,094  $115,657 
Interest on mortgage loans held for sale 332  361  725  851 
Taxable interest on debt securities 7,271  6,061  21,868  15,209 
Dividends on Federal Home Loan Bank stock 878  88  2,333  218 
Other interest income 1,344  503  3,693  769 
Total interest and dividend income 80,721  52,138  224,713  132,704 
Interest expense:    
Deposits 34,069  6,656  83,362  13,722 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 12,497  3,234  35,775  3,891 
Junior subordinated debentures 404  206  1,132  443 
Total interest expense 46,970  10,096  120,269  18,056 
Net interest income 33,751  42,042  104,444  114,648 
Provision for credit losses 500  800  2,000  (2,100)
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 33,251  41,242  102,444  116,748 
Noninterest income:
Wealth management revenues 8,948  9,525  26,659  30,122 
Mortgage banking revenues 2,108  2,047  5,106  7,630 
Card interchange fees 1,267  1,287  3,667  3,754 
Service charges on deposit accounts 674  819  2,118  2,250 
Loan related derivative income 1,082  1,041  1,278  2,011 
Income from bank-owned life insurance 710  684  2,754  1,900 
Other income 437  400  1,252  1,147 
Total noninterest income 15,226  15,803  42,834  48,814 
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits 21,622  21,609  63,994  62,992 
Outsourced services 3,737  3,552  10,854  10,169 
Net occupancy 2,387  2,234  7,240  6,708 
Equipment 1,107  939  3,185  2,795 
Legal, audit and professional fees 1,058  693  2,932  2,140 
FDIC deposit insurance costs 1,185  430  3,428  1,198 
Advertising and promotion 789  799  1,624  1,874 
Amortization of intangibles 211  215  635  648 
Other expenses 2,294  2,596  7,078  6,839 
Total noninterest expense 34,390  33,067  100,970  95,363 
Income before income taxes 14,087  23,978  44,308  70,199 
Income tax expense 2,926  5,310  9,079  15,091 
Net income $11,161  $18,668  $35,229  $55,108 
Net income available to common shareholders $11,140  $18,615  $35,160  $54,944 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 17,019  17,174  17,034  17,269 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 17,041  17,298  17,063  17,389 
Per share information: Basic earnings per common share $0.65  $1.08  $2.06  $3.18 
Diluted earnings per common share $0.65  $1.08  $2.06  $3.16 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
-5-


Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income $11,161  $18,668  $35,229  $55,108 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net change in fair value of available for sale debt securities (32,785) (47,067) (29,414) (132,469)
Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges 2,833  (6,973) 8,345  (20,281)
Net change in defined benefit plan obligations 45  326  135  976 
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax (29,907) (53,714) (20,934) (151,774)
Total comprehensive (loss) income ($18,746) ($35,046) $14,295  ($96,666)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
-6-


Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 Common
Shares Outstanding
Common
Stock
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Treasury Stock Total
Balance at June 30, 2023 17,019  $1,085  $125,685  $496,996  ($148,827) ($15,778) $459,161 
Net income
—  —  —  11,161  —  —  11,161 
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax —  —  —  —  (29,907) —  (29,907)
Cash dividends declared ($0.56 per share)
—  —  —  (9,636) —  —  (9,636)
Share-based compensation —  —  624  —  —  —  624 
Exercise of stock options, issuance of other compensation-related equity awards, net of awards surrendered
—  —  —  —  — 
Balance at September 30, 2023 17,019  $1,085  $126,310  $498,521  ($178,734) ($15,778) $431,404 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 Common
Shares Outstanding
Common
Stock
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Treasury Stock Total
Balance at December 31, 2022 17,183  $1,085  $127,056  $492,043  ($157,800) ($8,715) $453,669 
Net income
—  —  —  35,229  —  —  35,229 
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax —  —  —  —  (20,934) —  (20,934)
Cash dividends declared ($1.68 per share)
—  —  —  (28,751) —  —  (28,751)
Share-based compensation —  —  1,569  —  —  —  1,569 
Exercise of stock options, issuance of other compensation-related equity awards, net of awards surrendered
36  —  (2,315) —  —  1,678  (637)
Treasury stock purchased under 2023 Repurchase Program
(200) —  —  —  —  (8,741) (8,741)
Balance at September 30, 2023 17,019  $1,085  $126,310  $498,521  ($178,734) ($15,778) $431,404 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
-7-


Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)


For the three months ended September 30, 2022 Common
Shares Outstanding
Common
Stock
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Treasury Stock Total
Balance at June 30, 2022 17,190  $1,085  $126,079  $475,889  ($118,041) ($8,378) $476,634 
Net income
—  —  —  18,668  —  —  18,668 
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax —  —  —  —  (53,714) —  (53,714)
Cash dividends declared ($0.54 per share)
—  —  —  (9,394) —  —  (9,394)
Share-based compensation —  —  976  —  —  —  976 
Treasury stock purchased under 2021 Repurchase Program
(19) —  —  —  —  (896) (896)
Balance at September 30, 2022 17,171  $1,085  $127,055  $485,163  ($171,755) ($9,274) $432,274 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 Common
Shares Outstanding
Common
Stock
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Treasury Stock Total
Balance at December 31, 2021 17,331  $1,085  $126,511  $458,310  ($19,981) ($1,117) $564,808 
Net income
—  —  —  55,108  —  —  55,108 
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax —  —  —  —  (151,774) —  (151,774)
Cash dividends declared ($1.62 per share)
—  —  —  (28,255) —  —  (28,255)
Share-based compensation —  —  2,589  —  —  —  2,589 
Exercise of stock options, issuance of other compensation-related equity awards, net of awards surrendered
34  —  (2,045) —  —  1,322  (723)
Treasury stock purchased under 2021 Repurchase Program
(194) —  —  —  —  (9,479) (9,479)
Balance at September 30, 2022 17,171  $1,085  $127,055  $485,163  ($171,755) ($9,274) $432,274 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
-8-


Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income
$35,229  $55,108 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses
2,000  (2,100)
Depreciation of premises and equipment
3,006  2,554 
Net amortization of premiums and discounts on debt securities and loans
1,033  2,485 
Amortization of intangibles
635  648 
Share-based compensation
1,569  2,589 
Tax benefit from stock option exercises and other equity awards —  71 
Income from bank-owned life insurance
(2,754) (1,900)
Net gains on loan sales, including changes in fair value (3,446) (6,164)
Proceeds from sales of loans, net
169,392  262,907 
Loans originated for sale
(168,892) (242,153)
Increase in operating lease right-of-use assets (726) (1,096)
Increase in operating lease liabilities 996  1,179 
Increase in other assets (38,002) (27,734)
Increase in other liabilities 19,913  25,451 
Net cash provided by operating activities 19,953  71,845 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of:
Available for sale debt securities: Mortgage-backed (39,967) (203,826)
Available for sale debt securities: Other (20,221) (10,747)
Maturities, calls and principal payments of:
Available for sale debt securities: Mortgage-backed 55,088  97,495 
Available for sale debt securities: Other 250  — 
Net purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock (9,205) (19,909)
Purchases of other equity investments, net (375) (375)
Net increase in loans (494,909) (571,950)
Purchases of loans
(5,428) (1,764)
Purchases of premises and equipment
(3,524) (3,824)
Purchases of bank-owned life insurance
—  (7,000)
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance 1,932  — 
Equity investments in real estate limited partnerships (7,167) (1,861)
Net cash used in investing activities
(523,526) (723,761)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits 396,601  89,806 
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances
2,895,000  1,946,112 
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances (2,755,000) (1,391,112)
Purchases of treasury stock (8,741) (9,479)
Net proceeds from stock option exercises and issuance of other equity awards, net of awards surrendered
(637) (723)
Cash dividends paid
(29,063) (28,342)
Net cash provided by financing activities
498,160  606,262 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (5,413) (45,654)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
118,422  178,493 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$113,009  $132,839 
Noncash Activities:
Loans charged-off $157  $122 
Loans transferred to property acquired through foreclosure or repossession 683  — 
Commitment for equity investments in real estate limited partnerships 3,967  8,360 
Supplemental Disclosures:
Interest payments $107,270  $15,677 
Income tax payments 6,826  13,021 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
-9-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation
Nature of Operations
The Bancorp is a publicly-owned registered bank holding company that has elected to be a financial holding company.  The Bancorp’s principal subsidiary is the Bank, a Rhode Island chartered financial institution founded in 1800. The Bank is the oldest community bank in the nation and the largest state-chartered bank headquartered in Rhode Island.

Washington Trust offers a full range of financial services, including commercial, residential and consumer lending, retail and commercial deposit products, and wealth management and trust services through its offices in Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Connecticut.

Basis of Presentation
The accounting and reporting policies of the Washington Trust conform to GAAP and to general practices of the banking industry. The Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation presented herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules of the SEC for quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and note disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) and disclosures considered necessary for the fair presentation of the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been included. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results of the entire year. The accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

The Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Bancorp and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, except subsidiaries that are not deemed necessary to be consolidated.  Through consolidation, intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

The Bancorp owns the common stock of two capital trusts, which have issued trust preferred securities. These capital trusts are variable interest entities in which the Bancorp is not the primary beneficiary and, therefore, are not consolidated. The capital trusts’ only assets are junior subordinated debentures issued by the Bancorp, which were acquired by the capital trusts using the proceeds from the issuance of the trust preferred securities and common stock. The Bancorp’s equity interest in the capital trusts, which is classified in other assets, and the junior subordinated debentures are included in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest expense on the junior subordinated debentures is included in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.

Use of Estimates
In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management considers the ACL on loans to be a material estimate that is particularly susceptible to change.

Note 2 - Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - ASC 326
ASU No. 2022-02, “Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”), was issued in March 2022 to provide updates on the accounting treatment for TDRs and related disclosures requirements, as well as modifying the disclosure requirement associated with the existing credit quality indicators “vintage” disclosure. With respect to TDRs, ASU 2022-02 eliminates the recognition and measurement guidance for TDRs under current GAAP and instead requires that the Corporation evaluate whether the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan, consistent with the current GAAP treatment for other loan modifications. In addition, ASU 2022-02 eliminates existing disclosure requirements on TDRs and replaces with enhanced disclosure requirements related to certain loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. ASU 2022-02 also provides an update to the existing credit quality indicators “vintage” tabular disclosure requiring current period gross write-offs to be disclosed by year of origination for each loan segment. The Corporation adopted the provisions of ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. Historical disclosures on TDRs were removed from this report in accordance with the provisions of this ASU. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. See Note 4 for additional information regarding modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
-10-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

Business Combinations - ASC 805
ASU No. 2021-08, “Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2021-08”), was issued in October 2021 to clarify the accounting for contract cost assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination. Under current GAAP, an acquirer generally recognizes assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination at fair value on the acquisition date. The provisions of ASU 2021-08 clarify that contract cost assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination should be accounted for in accordance with ASC 606, as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. The Corporation adopted the provisions of ASU 2021-08 on January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2021-08 did not have a material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption
There were no new accounting standards issued in 2023 that are applicable to the Corporation and pending adoption.

Note 3 - Securities
Available for Sale Debt Securities
The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains, gross unrealized holding losses, ACL on securities and fair value of securities by major security type and class of security:
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2023 Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses
ACL
Fair Value
Available for Sale Debt Securities:
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
$250,950  $—  ($34,388) $—  $216,562 
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
896,579  16  (174,896) —  721,699 
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities
9,397  —  (632) —  8,765 
Corporate bonds
13,179  —  (1,215) —  11,964 
Total available for sale debt securities $1,170,105  $16  ($211,131) $—  $958,990 

(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2022 Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses
ACL
Fair Value
Available for Sale Debt Securities:
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
$231,203  $1  ($31,622) $—  $199,582 
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
912,581  269  (138,748) —  774,102 
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities
9,387  —  (627) —  8,760 
Corporate bonds
13,169  —  (1,685) —  11,484 
Total available for sale debt securities $1,166,340  $270  ($172,682) $—  $993,928 

Accrued interest receivable on available for sale debt securities totaled $3.1 million as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, securities with a fair value of $291.7 million and $294.8 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for FHLB borrowings, potential borrowings with the FRBB, certain public deposits and for other purposes. See Note 9 for additional disclosure on FHLB borrowings.

The schedule of maturities of available for sale debt securities is presented below. Mortgage-backed securities are included based on weighted average maturities, adjusted for anticipated prepayments.  All other debt securities are included based on contractual maturities.  Actual maturities may differ from amounts presented because certain issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
-11-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2023 Amortized Cost Fair Value
Due in one year or less $103,283  $83,196 
Due after one year to five years
509,654  422,408 
Due after five years to ten years
312,960  255,998 
Due after ten years
244,208  197,388 
Total debt securities
$1,170,105  $958,990 

Included in the above table are debt securities with an amortized cost balance of $253.0 million and a fair value of $217.2 million at September 30, 2023 that are callable at the discretion of the issuers.  Final maturities of the callable securities range from 9 months to 13 years, with call features ranging from 1 month to 10 months.
Assessment of Available for Sale Debt Securities for Impairment
Management assesses the decline in fair value of investment securities on a regular basis. Unrealized losses on debt securities may occur from current market conditions, increases in interest rates since the time of purchase, a structural change in an investment, volatility of earnings of a specific issuer, or deterioration in credit quality of the issuer.  Management evaluates both qualitative and quantitative factors to assess whether an impairment exists.

The following tables summarize available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, for which an ACL on securities has not been recorded, segregated by length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
(Dollars in thousands) Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
September 30, 2023 # Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
# Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
# Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises $29,326  ($674) 21  $187,236  ($33,715) 23  $216,562  ($34,389)
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
30  61,703  (2,968) 154  658,490  (171,927) 184  720,193  (174,895)
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities
—  —  —  8,765  (632) 8,765  (632)
Corporate bonds —  —  —  11,964  (1,215) 11,964  (1,215)
Total
32  $91,029  ($3,642) 182  $866,455  ($207,489) 214  $957,484  ($211,131)


(Dollars in thousands) Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
December 31, 2022 # Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
# Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
# Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
$20,115  ($638) 18  $169,466  ($30,984) 22  $189,581  ($31,622)
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
95  288,777  (24,960) 66  471,355  (113,788) 161  760,132  (138,748)
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities
—  —  —  8,760  (627) 8,760  (627)
Corporate bonds —  —  —  11,484  (1,685) 11,484  (1,685)
Total
99  $308,892  ($25,598) 91  $661,065  ($147,084) 190  $969,957  ($172,682)

There were no debt securities on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2023 and 2022 and, therefore there was no accrued interest related to debt securities reversed against interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
-12-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

As of September 30, 2023, the Corporation does not intend to sell the debt securities in an unrealized loss position and has determined that it is more-likely-than-not that the Corporation would not be required to sell each security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. In addition, management does not believe that any of these debt securities are impaired due to reasons of credit quality. As further described below, management believes the unrealized losses on these debt securities are primarily attributable to changes in the investment spreads and interest rates. As a result, there was no ACL recorded at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Obligations of U.S. Government Agency and U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprise Securities, including Mortgage-Backed Securities
The contractual cash flows for these securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major credit rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. The issuers of these securities continue to make timely principal and interest payments and none of these securities were past due at September 30, 2023. Additionally, the Corporation utilizes a zero credit loss estimate for these securities.

Individual Name Issuer Trust Preferred Debt Securities
These securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2023 included three trust preferred securities issued by three individual companies in the banking sector. Management reviewed the collectability of these securities taking into consideration such factors as the financial condition of the issuers, reported regulatory capital ratios of the issuers, credit ratings, including ratings in effect as of the reporting period date, as well as credit rating changes between the reporting period date and the filing date of this report, and other information.  As of September 30, 2023, there was one individual name issuer trust preferred debt security with an amortized cost of $2.0 million and unrealized losses of $216 thousand that was rated below investment grade by S&P. We noted no downgrades to below investment grade between September 30, 2023 and the filing date of this report.  Based on the information available through the filing date of this report, all individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities continue to accrue interest and make payments as expected with no payment deferrals or defaults on the part of the issuers.

Corporate Bonds
These securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2023 included four corporate bond holdings issued by three individual companies in the financial services industry. Management reviewed the collectability of these securities taking into consideration such factors as the financial condition of the issuers, reported regulatory capital ratios of the issuers, credit ratings, including ratings in effect as of the reporting period date, as well as credit rating changes between the reporting period date and the filing date of this report, and other information. As of September 30, 2023, there was one corporate bond debt security with an amortized cost of $2.0 million and unrealized losses of $98 thousand that was rated below investment grade by S&P. We noted no downgrades to below investment grade between September 30, 2023 and the filing date of this report. Based on the information available through the filing date of this report, all corporate bond debt securities continue to accrue interest and make payments as expected with no payment deferrals or defaults on the part of the issuers.
-13-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Note 4 - Loans
The following table presents a summary of loans:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30,
2023
December 31, 2022
Commercial:
Commercial real estate (1)
$2,063,383  $1,829,304 
Commercial & industrial (2)
611,565  656,397 
Total commercial 2,674,948  2,485,701 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate (3)
2,611,100  2,323,002 
Consumer:
Home equity
305,683  285,715 
Other (4)
19,384  15,721 
Total consumer 325,067  301,436 
Total loans (5)
$5,611,115  $5,110,139 
(1)CRE consists of commercial mortgages primarily secured by income-producing property, as well as construction and development loans. Construction and development loans are made to businesses for land development or the on-site construction of industrial, commercial, or residential buildings.
(2)C&I consists of loans to businesses and individuals, a portion of which are fully or partially collateralized by real estate.
(3)Residential real estate consists of mortgage and homeowner construction loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties.
(4)Other consists of loans to individuals secured by general aviation aircraft and other personal installment loans.
(5)Includes net unamortized loan origination costs of $12.8 million and $11.6 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and net unamortized premiums on loans purchased from and serviced by other financial institutions of $296 thousand and $318 thousand, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Loan balances exclude accrued interest receivable of $22.0 million and $17.6 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans amounting to $3.0 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, were pledged as collateral to the FHLB under a blanket pledge agreement and to the FRBB for the discount window. See Note 9 for additional disclosure regarding borrowings.

Concentrations of Credit Risk
A significant portion of our loan portfolio is concentrated among borrowers in southern New England and a substantial portion of the portfolio is collateralized by real estate in this area. The ability of single family residential and consumer borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is generally dependent on the level of overall economic activity within the market area and real estate values. The ability of commercial borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is dependent on the general economy, as well as the health of the real estate economic sector in the Corporation’s market area.

-14-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Past Due Loans
Past due status is based on the contractual payment terms of the loan. The following tables present an aging analysis of past due loans, segregated by class of loans:
(Dollars in thousands) Days Past Due
September 30, 2023 30-59 60-89 Over 90 Total Past Due Current Total Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate
$—  $—  $—  $—  $2,063,383  $2,063,383 
Commercial & industrial
—  611,561  611,565 
Total commercial —  2,674,944  2,674,948 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate
3,789  2,562  1,434  7,785  2,603,315  2,611,100 
Consumer:
Home equity
1,823  62  40  1,925  303,758  305,683 
Other
16  —  19  19,365  19,384 
Total consumer 1,839  65  40  1,944  323,123  325,067 
Total loans $5,631  $2,628  $1,474  $9,733  $5,601,382  $5,611,115 

(Dollars in thousands) Days Past Due
December 31, 2022 30-59 60-89 Over 90 Total Past Due Current Total Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate
$1,187  $—  $—  $1,187  $1,828,117  $1,829,304 
Commercial & industrial
265  —  —  265  656,132  656,397 
Total commercial 1,452  —  —  1,452  2,484,249  2,485,701 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate
4,793  303  3,779  8,875  2,314,127  2,323,002 
Consumer:
Home equity
1,103  132  —  1,235  284,480  285,715 
Other
16  —  —  16  15,705  15,721 
Total consumer 1,119  132  —  1,251  300,185  301,436 
Total loans $7,364  $435  $3,779  $11,578  $5,098,561  $5,110,139 

Included in past due loans as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were nonaccrual loans of $5.7 million and $7.2 million, respectively. In addition, all loans 90 days or more past due at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were classified as nonaccrual.

Nonaccrual Loans
Loans, with the exception of certain well-secured loans that are in the process of collection, are placed on nonaccrual status and interest recognition is suspended when such loans are 90 days or more overdue with respect to principal and/or interest, or sooner if considered appropriate by management. Well-secured loans are permitted to remain on accrual status provided that full collection of principal and interest is assured and the loan is in the process of collection. Loans are also placed on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, full collection of principal and interest is doubtful. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period income.  Subsequent interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied to the outstanding principal balance of the loan or recognized as interest income depending on management’s assessment of the ultimate collectability of the loan. Loans are removed from nonaccrual status when they have been current as to principal and interest for a period of time, the borrower has demonstrated an ability to comply with repayment terms, and when, in management’s opinion, the loans are considered to be fully collectible.

-15-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
The following table is a summary of nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loans:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Commercial:
Commercial real estate
$22,609  $— 
Commercial & industrial
696  — 
Total commercial 23,305  — 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate
9,446  11,894 
Consumer:
Home equity
901  952 
Other
—  — 
Total consumer 901  952 
Total nonaccrual loans $33,652  $12,846 
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due $—  $— 

No ACL was deemed necessary on nonaccrual loans with carrying values of $15.8 million and $6.5 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Nonaccrual loans of $27.9 million and $5.7 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were current as to the payment of principal and interest.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonaccrual loans secured by one- to four-family residential property amounting to $803 thousand and $2.9 million, respectively, were in process of foreclosure.

There were no significant commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2023.

The following table presents interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans:
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Commercial:
Commercial real estate
$474  $—  $1,344  $— 
Commercial & industrial
—  35  — 
Total commercial 483  —  1,379  — 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate
82  77  341  242 
Consumer:
Home equity
22  59  21 
Other
— 
Total consumer 23  62  24 
Total $588  $86  $1,782  $266 

Troubled Loan Modifications
As disclosed in Note 2, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated the accounting guidance for TDRs and added enhanced disclosures with respect to certain modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Effective January 1, 2023, a loan that has been modified is considered a TLM when the modification is made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty and the modification has a direct impact to the contractual cash flows. If both of the aforementioned criteria are met, then the modification is considered a TLM and subject to the enhanced disclosure requirements.
-16-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

In the course of resolving problem loans, the Corporation may choose to modify the contractual terms of loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. Such modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include modified contractual terms that have a direct impact to contractual cash flows, including principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, maturity extensions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, or any combination thereof. The following is a description of each of these types of modifications:

•Principal forgiveness results in the reduction in the outstanding principal balance of the loan and can result voluntarily through renegotiated contractual terms with the borrower or involuntarily through a bankruptcy proceeding.
•An interest rate reduction results in the contractual interest rate being reduced from the original agreement.
•A maturity extension represents an extension of the term of the loan beyond its original contractual maturity date.
•An other-than-insignificant payment delay is a deferral arrangement with the borrower, which allows them to delay a scheduled loan payment to a later date. The Corporation considers that a three months or less payment delay generally would be considered insignificant.
•A combination includes loans that have undergone more than one of the above loan modification types.

The following tables present the carrying value at September 30, 2023, of TLMs made during the periods indicated, segregated by class of loans and type of concession granted:
(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Maturity Extension Total
% (1)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate $13,963 $13,963 %
Commercial & industrial — 
Total commercial 13,963 13,963
Total $13,963 $13,963 —  %
(1)Represents the period end total carrying value of TLMs as a percentage of the period end total loan balance by class.

(Dollars in thousands)
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Maturity Extension Total
% (1)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate $13,963 $13,963 %
Commercial & industrial — 
Total commercial 13,963 13,963
Total $13,963 $13,963 —  %
(1)Represents the period end total carrying value of TLMs as a percentage of the period end total loan balance by class.

-17-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
The following tables present the financial effect of TLMs made during the periods indicated, segregated by class of loans:
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Weighted Average Maturity Extension
(in months)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate 9
Commercial & industrial 0
Total commercial 9
Total 9

Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Weighted Average Maturity Extension
(in months)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate 9
Commercial & industrial 0
Total commercial 9
Total 9

Management closely monitors the performance of TLMs to understand the effectiveness of the modifications. The following table presents an aging analysis as of the date indicated, of TLMs that have been modified in the past nine months:
(Dollars in thousands) Days Past Due
September 30, 2023 30-59 60-89 Over 90 Total Past Due Current Total Loans
Commercial:
Commercial real estate
$—  $—  $—  $—  $13,963  $13,963 
Commercial & industrial
—  —  —  —  —  — 
Total commercial —  —  —  —  13,963  13,963 
Total loans $—  $—  $—  $—  $13,963  $13,963 

There were no TLMs made in the previous nine months for which there was a subsequent payment default.

Nonaccrual loans that become TLMs generally remain on nonaccrual status for six months, subsequent to being modified, before management considers their return to accrual status. If a TLM is on accrual status prior to being modified, it is reviewed to determine if the modified loan should remain on accrual status.

There were no significant commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans were TLMs at September 30, 2023.

Individually Analyzed Loans
Individually analyzed loans include nonaccrual commercial loans, TLMs, as well as certain other loans based on the underlying risk characteristics and the discretion of management to individually analyze such loans. Prior to January 1, 2023, individually analyzed loans also included TDRs.

As of September 30, 2023, individually analyzed loans amounted to $24.4 million, all of which were considered collateral dependent. As of December 31, 2022, individually analyzed loans amounted to $10.0 million, of which $8.5 million were considered collateral dependent.
-18-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

For collateral dependent loans where management has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. See Note 7 for additional disclosure regarding fair value of individually analyzed collateral dependent loans.

The following table presents the carrying value of collateral dependent individually analyzed loans:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Carrying Value Related Allowance Carrying Value Related Allowance
Commercial:
Commercial real estate (1)
$22,610  $596  $2,103  $— 
Commercial & industrial (2)
696  —  —  — 
Total commercial 23,306  596  2,103  — 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate (3)
1,131  —  5,760  — 
Consumer:
Home equity (3)
—  —  592  — 
Other
—  —  —  — 
Total consumer —  —  592  — 
Total $24,437  $596  $8,455  $— 
(1)    Secured by income-producing property.
(2)    Secured by business assets.
(3)    Secured by one- to four-family residential properties.

Credit Quality Indicators
Commercial
The Corporation utilizes an internal rating system to assign a risk to each of its commercial loans. Loans are rated on a scale of 1 to 10. This scale can be assigned to three broad categories including “pass” for ratings 1 through 6, “special mention” for 7-rated loans, and “classified” for loans rated 8, 9 or 10. The loan risk rating system takes into consideration parameters including the borrower’s financial condition, the borrower’s performance with respect to loan terms, the adequacy of collateral, the adequacy of guarantees and other credit quality characteristics. The Corporation takes the risk rating into consideration along with other credit attributes in the establishment of an appropriate ACL on loans. See Note 5 for additional information.

A description of the commercial loan categories is as follows:

Pass - Loans with acceptable credit quality, defined as ranging from superior or very strong to a status of lesser stature. Superior or very strong credit quality is characterized by a high degree of cash collateralization or strong balance sheet liquidity. Lesser stature loans have an acceptable level of credit quality, but may exhibit some weakness in various credit metrics such as collateral adequacy, cash flow, performance or may be in an industry or of a loan type known to have a higher degree of risk. These weaknesses may be mitigated by secondary sources of repayment, including SBA guarantees.

Special Mention - Loans with potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s position as creditor at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Examples of these conditions include but are not limited to outdated or poor quality financial data, strains on liquidity and leverage, losses or negative trends in operating results, marginal cash flow, weaknesses in occupancy rates or trends in the case of commercial real estate and frequent delinquencies.

Classified - Loans identified as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss” based on criteria consistent with guidelines provided by banking regulators. A “substandard” loan has defined weaknesses which make payment default or principal exposure likely, but not yet certain.
-19-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Such loans are apt to be dependent upon collateral liquidation, a secondary source of repayment or an event outside of the normal course of business. The loans are closely watched and are either already on nonaccrual status or may be placed on nonaccrual status when management determines there is uncertainty of collectability. A “doubtful” loan is placed on nonaccrual status and has a high probability of loss, but the extent of the loss is difficult to quantify due to dependency upon collateral having a value that is difficult to determine or upon some near-term event which lacks certainty. A loan in the “loss” category is considered generally uncollectible or the timing or amount of payments cannot be determined. “Loss” is not intended to imply that the loan has no recovery value, but rather, it is not practical or desirable to continue to carry the asset.

The Corporation’s procedures call for loan risk ratings and classifications to be revised whenever information becomes available that indicates a change is warranted. On a quarterly basis, management reviews a watched asset list, which generally consists of commercial loans that are risk-rated 6 or worse, highly leveraged transaction loans, high-volatility commercial real estate and other selected loans. Management’s review focuses on the current status of the loans, the appropriateness of risk ratings and strategies to improve the credit.

An annual credit review program is conducted by a third party to provide an independent evaluation of the creditworthiness of the commercial loan portfolio, the quality of the underwriting and credit risk management practices and the appropriateness of the risk rating classifications. This review is supplemented with selected targeted internal reviews of the commercial loan portfolio.

Residential and Consumer
Management monitors the relatively homogeneous residential real estate and consumer loan portfolios on an ongoing basis using delinquency information by loan type.

In addition, other techniques are utilized to monitor indicators of credit deterioration in the residential real estate loans and home equity consumer loans. Among these techniques is the periodic tracking of loans with an updated Fair Isaac Corporation (commonly known as “FICO”) score and an updated estimated LTV ratio. LTV is estimated based on such factors as geographic location, the original appraised value and changes in median home prices, and takes into consideration the age of the loan. The results of these analyses and other credit review procedures, including selected targeted internal reviews, are taken into account in the determination of qualitative loss factors for residential real estate and home equity consumer credits.

-20-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
The following table includes information on credit quality indicators and gross charge-offs for the Corporation’s loan portfolio, segregated by class of loans as of September 30, 2023:
(Dollars in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost by Origination Year
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total
Commercial:
CRE:
Pass
$302,233  $583,256  $410,502  $177,443  $168,873  $336,078  $11,100  $1,123  $1,990,608 
Special Mention
2,328  —  —  15  11,232  16,724  —  —  30,299 
Classified
13,963  —  16,340  —  3,527  8,646  —  —  42,476 
Total CRE
318,524  583,256  426,842  177,458  183,632  361,448  11,100  1,123  2,063,383 
  CRE gross charge-offs
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
C&I:
Pass
52,415  127,319  54,688  50,663  74,709  150,767  87,783  623  598,967 
Special Mention
11,258  —  —  —  182  —  —  267  11,707 
Classified
—  —  195  —  696  —  —  —  891 
Total C&I
63,673  127,319  54,883  50,663  75,587  150,767  87,783  890  611,565 
  C&I gross charge-offs (1)
25  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  25 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate:
Current
403,050  819,106  675,297  259,565  116,126  330,171  —  —  2,603,315 
Past Due
—  —  —  893  —  6,892  —  —  7,785 
Total residential real estate
403,050  819,106  675,297  260,458  116,126  337,063  —  —  2,611,100 
  Residential real estate gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Consumer:
Home equity:
Current
21,023  15,936  7,473  3,023  2,145  4,577  238,970  10,611  303,758 
Past Due
—  —  —  —  —  358  314  1,253  1,925 
Total home equity
21,023  15,936  7,473  3,023  2,145  4,935  239,284  11,864  305,683 
Home equity gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Other:
Current
6,197  3,674  3,758  1,045  143  4,307  241  —  19,365 
Past Due
16  —  —  —  —  —  —  19 
Total other
6,213  3,674  3,758  1,045  143  4,307  244  —  19,384 
Other gross charge-offs (1)
124  —  —  —  —  —  —  132 
Total loans $812,483  $1,549,291  $1,168,253  $492,647  $377,633  $858,520  $338,411  $13,877  $5,611,115 
Total gross charge-offs $149  $—  $8  $—  $—  $—  $—  $—  $157 
(1)Gross charge-offs in 2023 represent charge-offs of business and consumer account overdraft balances.
-21-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
The following table includes information on credit quality indicators for the Corporation’s loan portfolio, segregated by class of loans as of December 31, 2022:
(Dollars in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost by Origination Year
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total
Commercial:
CRE:
Pass
$591,596  $383,062  $177,286  $170,259  $148,371  $242,061  $6,243  $1,437  $1,720,315 
Special Mention
20,579  22,324  328  24,270  28,676  10,564  146  —  106,887 
Classified
—  —  503  —  1,187  412  —  —  2,102 
Total CRE
612,175  405,386  178,117  194,529  178,234  253,037  6,389  1,437  1,829,304 
C&I:
Pass
127,152  63,180  71,265  86,470  85,011  114,241  90,987  745  639,051 
Special Mention
13,566  —  —  —  1,427  —  1,426  —  16,419 
Classified
—  225  —  —  —  695  —  927 
Total C&I
140,718  63,405  71,265  86,477  86,438  114,241  93,108  745  656,397 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate:
Current
838,566  707,760  277,613  123,098  72,541  294,549  —  —  2,314,127 
Past Due
—  600  —  266  2,315  5,694  —  —  8,875 
Total residential real estate
838,566  708,360  277,613  123,364  74,856  300,243  —  —  2,323,002 
Consumer:
Home equity:
Current
20,665  8,308  3,742  2,406  1,947  3,139  235,004  9,268  284,479 
Past Due
—  —  —  —  68  98  548  522  1,236 
Total home equity
20,665  8,308  3,742  2,406  2,015  3,237  235,552  9,790  285,715 
Other:
Current
4,231  4,287  1,676  299  235  4,726  251  —  15,705 
Past Due
16  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  16 
Total other
4,247  4,287  1,676  299  235  4,726  251  —  15,721 
Total Loans $1,616,371  $1,189,746  $532,413  $407,075  $341,778  $675,484  $335,300  $11,972  $5,110,139 

Consistent with industry practice, Washington Trust may renew commercial loans at or immediately prior to their maturity. In the tables above, renewals subject to full credit evaluation before being granted are reported as originations in the period renewed.

-22-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Note 5 - Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
The ACL on loans is management’s estimate of expected lifetime credit losses on loans carried at amortized cost. The level of the ACL on loans is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The following table presents the activity in the ACL on loans for the three months ended September 30, 2023:
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial Consumer
CRE
C&I
Total Commercial Residential Real Estate Home Equity Other Total Consumer Total
Beginning Balance $22,026  $9,428  $31,454  $6,442  $1,039  $408  $1,447  $39,343 
Charge-offs —  (5) (5) —  —  (39) (39) (44)
Recoveries —  —  13  14 
Provision 1,659  (1,002) 657  276  (54) 21  (33) 900 
Ending Balance $23,685  $8,422  $32,107  $6,718  $992  $396  $1,388  $40,213 

The following table presents the activity in the ACL on loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial Consumer
CRE C&I Total Commercial Residential Real Estate Home Equity Other Total Consumer Total
Beginning Balance $18,435  $10,356  $28,791  $7,740  $1,115  $381  $1,496  $38,027 
Charge-offs —  (25) (25) —  —  (132) (132) (157)
Recoveries —  10  10  —  10  23  33  43 
Provision 5,250  (1,919) 3,331  (1,022) (133) 124  (9) 2,300 
Ending Balance $23,685  $8,422  $32,107  $6,718  $992  $396  $1,388  $40,213 

The following table presents the activity in the ACL on loans for the three months ended September 30, 2022:
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial Consumer
CRE
C&I
Total Commercial Residential Real Estate Home Equity Other Total Consumer Total
Beginning Balance $17,197  $10,332  $27,529  $7,308  $1,040  $440  $1,480  $36,317 
Charge-offs —  (10) (10) —  —  (53) (53) (63)
Recoveries —  —  — 
Provision 414  24  438  139  31  (8) 23  600 
Ending Balance $17,611  $10,347  $27,958  $7,447  $1,071  $387  $1,458  $36,863 

The following table presents the activity in the ACL on loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial Consumer
CRE C&I Total Commercial Residential Real Estate Home Equity Other Total Consumer Total
Beginning Balance $18,933  $10,832  $29,765  $7,860  $1,069  $394  $1,463  $39,088 
Charge-offs —  (19) (19) —  —  (103) (103) (122)
Recoveries 145  22  167  21  34  38  226 
Provision (1,467) (488) (1,955) (434) (2) 62  60  (2,329)
Ending Balance $17,611  $10,347  $27,958  $7,447  $1,071  $387  $1,458  $36,863 

-23-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Note 6 - Derivative Financial Instruments
The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments, principally to manage the Corporation’s interest rate risk. Additionally, the Corporation enters into interest rate derivatives to accommodate the business requirements of its customers. All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and are measured at fair value.  Derivative assets are included in other assets and derivative liabilities are included in other liabilities in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative and resulting designation.

Interest Rate Risk Management Agreements
Interest rate risk management agreements, such as caps, swaps and floors, are used from time to time as part of the Corporation’s interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps are agreements in which the Corporation and another party agree to exchange interest payments (e.g., fixed-rate for variable-rate payments) computed on a notional principal amount. Interest rate caps and floors represent options purchased by the Corporation to manage the interest rate paid throughout the term of the option contract. The credit risk associated with these transactions is the risk of default by the counterparty. To minimize this risk, the Corporation enters into interest rate agreements only with highly rated counterparties that management believes to be creditworthy. The notional amounts of these agreements do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, thus, are not a measure of the potential loss exposure.

Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Corporation had interest rate swap contracts that were designated as cash flow hedges to hedge the interest rate risk associated with short-term borrowings.

Additionally, the Corporation had an interest rate swap contract that was designated as a cash flow hedge to hedge the interest rate risk associated with a pool of variable rate commercial loans. On March 31, 2023, the Corporation terminated this interest rate swap contract and the derivative liability was derecognized. The loss on this interest rate swap included in the AOCL component of shareholders’ equity was updated to its termination date fair value of $26.5 million, or $20.1 million after tax. This loss is being amortized into earnings as a reduction of interest income on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the original interest rate swap term, or through May 1, 2026. At September 30, 2023, the remaining unamortized balance of the loss included in the AOCL component of shareholders’ equity was $22.2 million, or $16.9 million after tax.

The changes in fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified to earnings when gains or losses are realized.

Loan Related Derivative Contracts
Interest Rate Derivative Contracts with Customers
The Corporation enters into interest rate swap and interest rate cap contracts to help commercial loan borrowers manage their interest rate risk.  These interest rate swap contracts allow borrowers to convert variable-rate loan payments to fixed-rate loan payments, while interest rate cap contracts allow borrowers to limit their interest rate exposure in a rising rate environment.  When the Corporation enters into an interest rate derivative contract with a commercial loan borrower, it simultaneously enters into a “mirror” interest rate contract with a third party.  For interest rate swaps, the third party exchanges the client’s fixed-rate loan payments for variable-rate loan payments. The Corporation retains the risk that is associated with the potential failure of counterparties and the risk inherent in originating loans.  These derivatives are not designated as hedges and therefore, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

Risk Participation Agreements
The Corporation has entered into risk participation agreements with other banks in commercial loan arrangements. Participating banks guarantee the performance on borrower-related interest rate swap contracts. These derivatives are not designated as hedges and therefore, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

Under a risk participation-out agreement, a derivative asset, the Corporation participates out a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position executed with the commercial borrower for a fee paid to the participating bank. Under a risk participation-in agreement, a derivative liability, the Corporation assumes, or participates in, a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position with the commercial borrower for a fee received from the other bank.
-24-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

Mortgage Loan Commitments
Interest rate lock commitments are extended to borrowers and relate to the origination of mortgage loans held for sale.  To mitigate the interest rate risk and pricing risk associated with rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale, the Corporation enters into forward sale commitments. Forward sale commitments are contracts for delayed delivery or net settlement of the underlying instrument, such as a residential real estate mortgage loan, where the seller agrees to deliver on a specified future date, either a specified instrument at a specified price or yield or the net cash equivalent of an underlying instrument. Both interest rate lock commitments and forward sale commitments are derivative financial instruments, but do not meet criteria for hedge accounting and therefore, the changes in fair value of these commitments are recognized in earnings.

The following table presents the notional amounts and fair values of derivative instruments in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Fair Value Fair Value
Notional Amounts Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities Notional Amounts Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate risk management contracts:
Interest rate swaps (1)
$140,000  $3,639  $—  $320,000  $548  $31,178 
Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Loan related derivative contracts:
Interest rate contracts with customers 962,174  1,839  80,658  935,099  32  68,137 
Mirror contracts with counterparties 962,174  80,277  1,841  935,099  67,797  61 
Risk participation agreements
319,002  —  282,191  — 
Mortgage loan commitments:
Interest rate lock commitments
30,722  334  20  12,201  144 
Forward sale commitments
45,433  192  139  23,150  58  150 
Gross amounts
86,282  82,658  68,579  99,532 
Less: amounts offset (2)
1,841  1,841  23,524  23,524 
Derivative balances, net of offset 84,441  80,817  45,055  76,008 
Less: collateral pledged (3)
—  —  —  7,716 
Net amounts $84,441  $80,817  $45,055  $68,292 
(1)The fair value of derivative assets includes accrued interest receivable of $262 thousand and $24 thousand, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The fair value of derivative liabilities includes accrued interest payable of $856 thousand at December 31, 2022.
(2)Interest rate risk management contracts and loan related derivative contracts with counterparties are subject to master netting arrangements.
(3)Collateral pledged to derivative counterparties is in the form of cash. Washington Trust may need to post additional collateral in the future in proportion to potential increases in unrealized loss positions.

The following table presents the effect of derivative instruments in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity:
(Dollars in thousands) Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate risk management contracts:
Interest rate swaps
$2,833  ($6,973) $8,345  ($20,281)
Total $2,833  ($6,973) $8,345  ($20,281)

For derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments, see Note 14 for additional disclosure pertaining to the amounts and location of reclassifications from AOCL into earnings.
-25-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

The following table presents the effect of derivative instruments in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income:
(Dollars in thousands) Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Noninterest Income
Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, Statement of Income Location 2023 2022 2023 2022
Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Loan related derivative contracts:
Interest rate contracts with customers Loan related derivative income ($18,684) ($33,605) ($28,044) ($93,227)
Mirror interest rate contracts with counterparties Loan related derivative income 20,291  34,646  29,815  95,189 
Risk participation agreements
Loan related derivative income (525) —  (493) 49 
Mortgage loan commitments:
Interest rate lock commitments
Mortgage banking revenues (17) (516) 174  (1,238)
Forward sale commitments
Mortgage banking revenues 456  998  814  4,729 
Total $1,521  $1,523  $2,266  $5,502 

Note 7 - Fair Value Measurements
The Corporation uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments on certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures.  Items recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include securities available for sale, mortgage loans held for sale and derivatives.  Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record other assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as collateral dependent individually analyzed loans.

Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement.  Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.  In addition, GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the types of valuation information, or “inputs”, are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Corporation’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.
•Level 3 – Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable in the markets and which reflect the Corporation’s market assumptions.

Fair Value Option Election
GAAP allows for the irrevocable option to elect fair value accounting for the initial and subsequent measurement for certain financial assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. The Corporation has elected the fair value option for mortgage loans held for sale to better match changes in fair value of the loans with changes in the fair value of the forward sale commitment contracts used to economically hedge them.

The following table presents a summary of mortgage loans held for sale accounted for under the fair value option:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Aggregate fair value $10,550  $8,987 
Aggregate principal balance
10,445  8,860 
Difference between fair value and principal balance $105  $127 

Changes in fair value of mortgage loans held for sale accounted for under the fair value option election are included in mortgage banking revenues in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income. Changes in fair value amounted to decreases to mortgage banking revenues of $39 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and $21 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This compared to decreases to mortgage banking revenues of $521 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
-26-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

There were no mortgage loans held for sale 90 days or more past due as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Valuation Techniques
Debt Securities
Available for sale debt securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. When available, the Corporation uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of debt securities; such items are classified as Level 1. There were no Level 1 debt securities held at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Level 2 debt securities are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments. The fair value of these securities is determined using matrix pricing with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.  This category includes obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, including mortgage-backed securities, individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities and corporate bonds.

Debt securities not actively traded whose fair value is determined through the use of cash flows utilizing inputs that are unobservable are classified as Level 3. There were no Level 3 debt securities held at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
The Corporation has elected the fair value option for mortgage loans held for sale. The fair value is estimated based on current market prices for similar loans in the secondary market and therefore are classified as Level 2 assets.

Collateral Dependent Individually Analyzed Loans
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans are valued based upon the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Fair value is determined based on the appraised value of the underlying collateral. Such collateral primarily consists of real estate and, to a lesser extent, other business assets. For collateral dependent loans that are expected to be repaid substantially through the sale of the collateral, management adjusts the fair value for estimated costs to sell. Management may also adjust appraised values to reflect estimated market value declines or apply other discounts to appraised values resulting from its knowledge of the collateral. Internal valuations may be utilized to determine the fair value of other business assets. Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans are categorized as Level 3.

Derivatives
Interest rate derivative contracts are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available.  Fair value measurements are determined using independent valuation software, which utilizes the present value of future cash flows discounted using market observable inputs such as forward rate assumptions. The Corporation evaluates the credit risk of its counterparties, as well as that of the Corporation.  Accordingly, factors such as the likelihood of default by the Corporation and its counterparties, its net exposures and remaining contractual life are considered in determining if any fair value adjustments related to credit risk are required.  Counterparty exposure is evaluated by netting positions that are subject to master netting agreements, as well as considering the amount of collateral securing the position, if any. The Corporation has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivative positions fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, the credit valuation adjustments utilize Level 3 inputs. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Corporation has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, the Corporation has classified its derivative valuations in their entirety as Level 2.

Fair value measurements of forward loan commitments (interest rate lock commitments and forward sale commitments) are primarily based on current market prices for similar assets in the secondary market for mortgage loans and therefore are classified as Level 2 assets. The fair value of interest rate lock commitments is also dependent on the ultimate closing of the loans. Pull-through rates are based on the Corporation’s historical data and reflect the Corporation’s best estimate of the likelihood that a commitment will result in a closed loan. Although the pull-through rates are Level 3 inputs, the Corporation has assessed the significance of the impact of pull-through rates on the overall valuation of its interest rate lock commitments and has determined that they are not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, the Corporation has classified its interest rate lock commitments as Level 2.

-27-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Items Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis:
(Dollars in thousands) Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
September 30, 2023
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
$216,562  $—  $216,562  $— 
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
721,699  —  721,699  — 
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities
8,765  —  8,765  — 
Corporate bonds
11,964  —  11,964  — 
Mortgage loans held for sale 10,550  —  10,550  — 
Derivative assets 84,441  —  84,441  — 
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis $1,053,981  $—  $1,053,981  $— 
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities $80,817  $—  $80,817  $— 
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis $80,817  $—  $80,817  $— 

(Dollars in thousands) Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
December 31, 2022
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
$199,582  $—  $199,582  $— 
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
774,102  —  774,102  — 
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities
8,760  —  8,760  — 
Corporate bonds
11,484  —  11,484  — 
Mortgage loans held for sale 8,987  —  8,987  — 
Derivative assets 45,055  —  45,055  — 
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis $1,047,970  $—  $1,047,970  $— 
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities $76,008  $—  $76,008  $— 
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis $76,008  $—  $76,008  $— 
Items Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The following table presents the carrying value of assets held at September 30, 2023, which were written down to fair value during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
(Dollars in thousands) Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loan $8,050  $—  $—  $8,050 
Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis $8,050  $—  $—  $8,050 
-28-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

There were no assets written down to fair value during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
The following table presents valuation techniques and unobservable inputs for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
(Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range of Inputs Utilized
(Weighted Average)
September 30, 2023
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loan $8,050  Appraisals of collateral Discount for costs to sell
0%
Appraisal adjustments
0%
Items for which Fair Value is Only Disclosed
The estimated fair values and related carrying amounts for financial instruments for which fair value is only disclosed are presented below as of the periods indicated. The tables exclude financial instruments for which the carrying value approximates fair value such as cash and cash equivalents, FHLB stock, accrued interest receivable, BOLI, non-maturity deposits and accrued interest payable. The Corporation considers cash and cash equivalents, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable as Level 1 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. The Corporation considers FHLB stock, BOLI and non-maturity deposits as Level 2 measurements.
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2023 Carrying Amount Total
Fair Value
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial Assets:
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses on loans $5,570,902  $5,338,585  $—  $—  $5,338,585 
Financial Liabilities:
Time deposits $1,779,984  $1,761,907  $—  $1,761,907  $— 
FHLB advances 1,120,000  1,114,070  —  1,114,070  — 
Junior subordinated debentures 22,681  18,999  —  18,999  — 

(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2022 Carrying Amount Total
Fair Value
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial Assets:
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses on loans $5,072,112  $4,929,449  $—  $—  $4,929,449 
Financial Liabilities:
Time deposits $1,122,882  $1,137,219  $—  $1,137,219  $— 
FHLB advances 980,000  978,590  —  978,590  — 
Junior subordinated debentures 22,681  18,963  —  18,963  — 

-29-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Note 8 - Deposits
The following table presents a summary of deposits:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Noninterest-bearing:
Demand deposits $773,261  $858,953 
Interest-bearing:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (1)
490,217  333,197 
NOW accounts 745,778  871,875 
Money market accounts 1,111,797  1,255,805 
Savings accounts 514,526  576,250 
Time deposits (2)
1,779,984  1,122,882 
Total interest-bearing deposits 4,642,302  4,160,009 
Total deposits $5,415,563  $5,018,962 
(1)Includes wholesale brokered demand deposit balances of $0 and $31,153, respectively, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(2)Includes wholesale brokered time deposit balances of $668,042 and $327,044, respectively, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The following table presents scheduled maturities of time certificates of deposit:
(Dollars in thousands) Scheduled Maturity Weighted Average Rate
October 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 $1,198,713  4.51  %
2024 430,047  4.08 
2025 73,281  2.68 
2026 32,102  2.68 
2027 42,803  3.54 
2028 and thereafter 3,038  2.97 
Balance at September 30, 2023 $1,779,984  4.27  %

Time certificates of deposit in denominations of $250 thousand or more totaled $292.1 million and $200.9 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

-30-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Note 9 - Borrowings
Advances payable to the FHLB amounted to $1.1 billion and $980.0 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Bank had access to a $40.0 million unused line of credit with the FHLB. Additionally, the Bank had a standby letter of credit with the FHLB of $115.0 million and $215.0 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. This standby letter of credit was executed in 2022 to collateralize an institutional deposit. The Bank had remaining available borrowing capacity of $1.0 billion and $668.3 million, respectively, with the FHLB at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Bank pledges certain qualified investment securities and loans as collateral to the FHLB.

The following table presents maturities and weighted average interest rates on FHLB advances outstanding as of September 30, 2023:
(Dollars in thousands) Scheduled
Maturity
Weighted
Average Rate
October 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 $215,000  5.53  %
2024 265,000  5.03 
2025 305,000  4.94 
2026 165,000  4.54 
2027 45,000  4.24 
2028 and thereafter 125,000  4.15 
Balance at September 30, 2023 $1,120,000  4.90  %

Note 10 - Shareholders' Equity
Stock Repurchase Program
The 2023 Repurchase Program authorizes the repurchase of up to 850,000 shares, or approximately 5%, of the Corporation’s outstanding common stock. This authority may be exercised from time to time and in such amounts as market conditions warrant, and subject to regulatory considerations. The timing and actual numbers of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, market conditions, and other corporate liquidity requirements and priorities. The 2023 Repurchase Program commenced on January 1, 2023 and expires on December 31, 2023, and may be modified, suspended, or discontinued at any time. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Corporation repurchased 200,000 shares, at an average price of $43.70 and a total cost of $8.7 million, all of which was repurchased in January and February.

-31-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Regulatory Capital Requirements
Capital levels at September 30, 2023 exceeded the regulatory minimum levels to be considered “well capitalized.”

The following table presents the Corporation’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios, as well as the corresponding minimum and well capitalized regulatory amounts and ratios that were in effect during the respective periods:
(Dollars in thousands) Actual For Capital Adequacy Purposes To Be “Well Capitalized” Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
September 30, 2023
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
Corporation
$606,512  11.48  % $422,709  8.00  % N/A N/A
Bank
600,123  11.36  422,574  8.00  $528,217  10.00  %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
Corporation
569,046  10.77  317,032  6.00  N/A N/A
Bank
562,657  10.65  316,930  6.00  422,574  8.00 
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
Corporation
547,050  10.35  237,774  4.50  N/A N/A
Bank
562,657  10.65  237,698  4.50  343,341  6.50 
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets): (1)
Corporation
569,046  7.87  289,211  4.00  N/A N/A
Bank
562,657  7.78  289,117  4.00  361,397  5.00 
December 31, 2022
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
Corporation
605,005  12.37  391,363  8.00  N/A N/A
Bank
588,090  12.02  391,260  8.00  489,074  10.00 
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
Corporation
571,794  11.69  293,522  6.00  N/A N/A
Bank
554,879  11.35  293,445  6.00  391,260  8.00 
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
Corporation
549,798  11.24  220,142  4.50  N/A N/A
Bank
554,879  11.35  220,083  4.50  317,898  6.50 
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets): (1)
Corporation
571,794  8.65  264,295  4.00  N/A N/A
Bank
554,879  8.40  264,177  4.00  330,222  5.00 
(1)    Leverage ratio.

In addition to the minimum regulatory capital required for capital adequacy purposes outlined in the table above, the Corporation is required to maintain a minimum capital conservation buffer, in the form of common equity, of 2.50% in order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonuses. The Corporation’s capital levels exceeded the minimum regulatory capital requirements plus the capital conservation buffer at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The Bancorp owns the common stock of two capital trusts, which have issued trust preferred securities. In accordance with GAAP, the capital trusts are treated as unconsolidated subsidiaries. At both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $22.0 million in trust preferred securities were included in the Tier 1 capital of the Corporation for regulatory capital reporting purposes pursuant to the capital adequacy guidelines of the Federal Reserve.

In accordance with regulatory capital rules, the Corporation elected the option to delay the estimated impact of ASC 326 on its regulatory capital over a two-year deferral and subsequent three-year transition period ending December 31, 2024. As a result, capital ratios exclude the full impact of the increased ACL on loans and unfunded loan commitments attributed to the adoption of ASC 326, adjusted for an approximation of the after-tax provision for credit losses attributable to ASC 326 relative to the incurred loss methodology during the two-year deferral period.
-32-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
The cumulative difference at the end of the deferral period is being phased-in to regulatory capital over the three-year transition period, which began January 1, 2022.

Note 11 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The following tables summarize total revenues as presented in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income and the related amounts that are from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606. As shown below, a substantial portion of our revenues are specifically excluded from the scope of ASC 606.
For the three months ended September 30, 2023 2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Revenue (1)
ASC 606 Revenue (2)
Revenue (1)
ASC 606 Revenue (2)
Net interest income $33,751  $—  $42,042  $— 
Noninterest income:
Wealth management revenues 8,948  8,948  9,525  9,525 
Mortgage banking revenues
2,108  —  2,047  — 
Card interchange fees
1,267  1,267  1,287  1,287 
Service charges on deposit accounts
674  674  819  819 
Loan related derivative income
1,082  —  1,041  — 
Income from bank-owned life insurance
710  —  684  — 
Other income
437  329  400  316 
Total noninterest income 15,226  11,218  15,803  11,947 
Total revenues $48,977  $11,218  $57,845  $11,947 
(1)As reported in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.
(2)Revenue from contracts with customers in scope of ASC 606.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 2022
(Dollars in thousands) Revenue (1)
ASC 606 Revenue (2)
Revenue (1)
ASC 606 Revenue (2)
Net interest income $104,444  $—  $114,648  $— 
Noninterest income:
Wealth management revenues 26,659  26,659  30,122  30,122 
Mortgage banking revenues
5,106  —  7,630  — 
Card interchange fees
3,667  3,667  3,754  3,754 
Service charges on deposit accounts
2,118  2,118  2,250  2,250 
Loan related derivative income
1,278  —  2,011  — 
Income from bank-owned life insurance
2,754  —  1,900  — 
Other income
1,252  949  1,147  880 
Total noninterest income 42,834  33,393  48,814  37,006 
Total revenues $147,278  $33,393  $163,462  $37,006 
(1)As reported in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.
(2)Revenue from contracts with customers in scope of ASC 606.
-33-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
The following table presents revenue from contracts with customers based on the timing of revenue recognition:
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenue recognized at a point in time:
Card interchange fees $1,267  $1,287  $3,667  $3,754 
Service charges on deposit accounts 423  628  1,406  1,782 
Other income 267  249  764  692 
Revenue recognized over time:
Wealth management revenues
8,948  9,525  26,659  30,122 
Service charges on deposit accounts
251  191  712  468 
Other income
62  67  185  188 
Total revenues from contracts in scope of Topic 606 $11,218  $11,947  $33,393  $37,006 

Receivables for revenue from contracts with customers primarily consist of amounts due for wealth management services performed for which the Corporation’s performance obligations have been fully satisfied. Receivables amounted to $6.4 million and $5.1 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and were included in other assets in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Deferred revenues, which are considered contract liabilities under ASC 606, represent advance consideration received from customers for which the Corporation has a remaining performance obligation to fulfill. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue over the life of the contract as the performance obligations are satisfied. The balances of contract liabilities were insignificant at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and were included in other liabilities in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For commissions and incentives that are in scope of ASC 606, such as those paid to employees in our wealth management services and commercial banking segments in order to obtain customer contracts, contract cost assets are established. The contract cost assets are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life that the asset is expected to generate benefits. The carrying value of contract cost assets amounted to $1.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and were included in other assets in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amortization of contract cost assets is recorded within salaries and employee benefits expense in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.

Note 12 - Defined Benefit Pension Plans
Washington Trust maintains a qualified pension plan for the benefit of certain eligible employees who were hired prior to October 1, 2007. Washington Trust also has non-qualified retirement plans to provide supplemental retirement benefits to certain employees, as defined in the plans. These defined benefit pension plans were previously amended to freeze benefit accruals after a 10-year transition period. This transition period will end in December 2023.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Corporation’s Board of Directors approved a resolution to terminate the qualified pension plan. Work on the qualified pension plan termination process has commenced and the qualified pension plan’s assets are expected to be distributed in fiscal year 2025, pending completion of applicable regulatory approvals, including receipt of a determination letter from the Internal Revenue Service. The qualified pension plan liability is expected to be settled through a combination of lump sum payments to participants and purchase of a group annuity contract from a highly-rated insurance company.

-34-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
The following table presents components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), on a pre-tax basis:
(Dollars in thousands) Qualified
Pension Plan
Non-Qualified Retirement Plans
Three Months Nine Months Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net Periodic Benefit Cost:
Service cost (1)
$351  $516  $1,052  $1,547  $39  $54  $117  $163 
Interest cost (2)
884  592  2,655  1,776  176  105  529  317 
Expected return on plan assets (2)
(1,147) (1,159) (3,442) (3,476) —  —  —  — 
Recognized net actuarial loss (2)
—  255  —  765  59  173  178  519 
Net periodic benefit cost $88  $204  $265  $612  $274  $332  $824  $999 
(1)Included in salaries and employee benefits expense in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.
(2)Included in other expenses in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table presents the measurement date and weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Qualified Pension Plan Non-Qualified Retirement Plans
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Measurement date Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021
Equivalent single discount rate for benefit obligations 5.54% 3.00% 5.50% 2.89%
Equivalent single discount rate for service cost 5.60 3.11 5.61 3.16
Equivalent single discount rate for interest cost 5.43 2.67 5.40 2.48
Expected long-term return on plan assets 5.25 5.25 N/A N/A
Rate of compensation increase 5.00 3.75 5.00 3.75

-35-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Note 13 - Business Segments
The Corporation manages its operations through two reportable business segments, consisting of Commercial Banking and Wealth Management Services.

Management uses an allocation methodology to allocate income and expenses to the business lines. Direct activities are assigned to the appropriate business segment to which the activity relates. Indirect activities, such as corporate, technology and other support functions, are allocated to business segments primarily based upon full-time equivalent employee computations.

Commercial Banking
The Commercial Banking segment includes commercial, residential and consumer lending activities; mortgage banking activities; deposit generation; cash management activities; banking activities, including customer support and the operation of ATMs, telephone banking, internet banking and mobile banking services; as well as investment portfolio and wholesale funding activities.

Wealth Management Services
The Wealth Management Services segment includes investment management; holistic financial planning services; personal trust and estate services, including services as trustee, personal representative and custodian; settlement of decedents’ estates; and institutional trust services, including custody and fiduciary services.

The following tables present the statement of operations and total assets for Washington Trust’s reportable segments:
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial Banking Wealth Management Services Consolidated Total
Three months ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net interest income $33,741  $42,038  $10  $4  $33,751  $42,042 
Provision for credit losses 500  800  —  —  500  800 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 33,241  41,238  10  33,251  41,242 
Noninterest income 6,105  6,043  9,121  9,760  15,226  15,803 
Noninterest expenses:
Depreciation and amortization expense 892  751  346  348  1,238  1,099 
Other noninterest expenses 25,719  23,995  7,433  7,973  33,152  31,968 
Total noninterest expenses 26,611  24,746  7,779  8,321  34,390  33,067 
Income before income taxes 12,735  22,535  1,352  1,443  14,087  23,978 
Income tax expense 2,621  4,878  305  432  2,926  5,310 
Net income $10,114  $17,657  $1,047  $1,011  $11,161  $18,668 
Total assets at period end $7,127,117  $6,332,986  $56,358  $75,065  $7,183,475  $6,408,051 
Expenditures for long-lived assets 498  1,206  137  504  1,343 
-36-



Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial Banking Wealth Management Services Consolidated Total
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net interest income (expense) $104,407  $114,709  $37  ($61) $104,444  $114,648 
Provision for credit losses 2,000  (2,100) —  —  2,000  (2,100)
Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses 102,407  116,809  37  (61) 102,444  116,748 
Noninterest income 15,679  18,174  27,155  30,640  42,834  48,814 
Noninterest expenses:
Depreciation and amortization expense 2,582  2,168  1,059  1,034  3,641  3,202 
Other noninterest expenses 74,801  69,110  22,528  23,051  97,329  92,161 
Total noninterest expenses 77,383  71,278  23,587  24,085  100,970  95,363 
Income before income taxes 40,703  63,705  3,605  6,494  44,308  70,199 
Income tax expense 8,226  13,423  853  1,668  9,079  15,091 
Net income $32,477  $50,282  $2,752  $4,826  $35,229  $55,108 
Total assets at period end $7,127,117  $6,332,986  $56,358  $75,065  $7,183,475  $6,408,051 
Expenditures for long-lived assets 3,493  3,494  31  330  3,524  3,824 

Note 14 - Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables presents the activity in other comprehensive income (loss):
Three months ended September 30, 2023 2022
(Dollars in thousands) Pre-tax Amounts Income Tax Benefit (Expense) Net of Tax Pre-tax Amounts Income Tax Benefit (Expense) Net of Tax
Available for Sale Debt Securities:
Change in fair value of available for sale debt securities ($43,139) $10,354  ($32,785) ($61,931) $14,864  ($47,067)
Cash Flow Hedges:
Change in fair value of cash flow hedges 2,196  (527) 1,669  (10,250) 2,460  (7,790)
Net cash flow hedge losses reclassified into earnings (1)
1,533  (369) 1,164  1,075  (258) 817 
Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges 3,729  (896) 2,833  (9,175) 2,202  (6,973)
Defined Benefit Plan Obligations:
Amortization of net actuarial losses (2)
59  (14) 45  428  (102) 326 
Total other comprehensive loss ($39,351) $9,444  ($29,907) ($70,678) $16,964  ($53,714)
(1)For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the pre-tax amounts reclassified into earnings in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income include reductions of $2.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, in interest and fees on loans, as well as reductions of $631 thousand and $3 thousand, respectively, in FHLB interest expense.
(2)The pre-tax amounts are included in other expenses in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.

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Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 2022
(Dollars in thousands) Pre-tax Amounts Income Tax Benefit (Expense) Net of Tax Pre-tax Amounts Income Tax Benefit (Expense) Net of Tax
Securities available for sale:
Change in fair value of available for sale debt securities ($38,703) $9,289  ($29,414) ($174,302) $41,833  ($132,469)
Cash flow hedges:
Change in fair value of cash flow hedges
4,938  (1,185) 3,753  (27,394) 6,574  (20,820)
Net cash flow hedge losses (gains) reclassified into earnings (1)
6,043  (1,451) 4,592  709  (170) 539 
Net change in fair value of cash flow hedges 10,981  (2,636) 8,345  (26,685) 6,404  (20,281)
Defined benefit plan obligations:
Amortization of net actuarial losses (2)
178  (43) 135  1,284  (308) 976 
Total other comprehensive loss ($27,544) $6,610  ($20,934) ($199,703) $47,929  ($151,774)
(1)For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the pre-tax amounts reclassified into earnings in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income include reductions of $7.1 million and $561 thousand, respectively, in interest and fees on loans, as well as a reduction of $1.0 million and an increase of $148 thousand, respectively, in FHLB interest expense.
(2)The pre-tax amounts are included in other expenses in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following tables present the changes in AOCL by component, net of tax:
(Dollars in thousands) Net Unrealized Losses on Available For Sale Debt Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Net Unrealized Losses on Defined Benefit Plan Obligations Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2023
Balance at June 30, 2023 ($127,662) ($17,133) ($4,032) ($148,827)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (32,785) 1,669  —  (31,116)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income —  1,164  45  1,209 
Net other comprehensive (loss) income (32,785) 2,833  45  (29,907)
Balance at September 30, 2023 ($160,447) ($14,300) ($3,987) ($178,734)

(Dollars in thousands) Net Unrealized Losses on Available For Sale Debt Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Net Unrealized Losses on Defined Benefit Plan Obligations Total
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023
Balance at December 31, 2022 ($131,033) ($22,645) ($4,122) ($157,800)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (29,414) 3,753  —  (25,661)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income —  4,592  135  4,727 
Net other comprehensive (loss) income (29,414) 8,345  135  (20,934)
Balance at September 30, 2023 ($160,447) ($14,300) ($3,987) ($178,734)

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Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Dollars in thousands) Net Unrealized Losses on Available For Sale Debt Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Net Unrealized Losses on Defined Benefit Plan Obligations Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Balance at June 30, 2022 ($92,197) ($17,321) ($8,523) ($118,041)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (47,067) (7,790) —  (54,857)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss —  817  326  1,143 
Net other comprehensive (loss) income (47,067) (6,973) 326  (53,714)
Balance at September 30, 2022 ($139,264) ($24,294) ($8,197) ($171,755)

(Dollars in thousands) Net Unrealized Losses on Available For Sale Debt Securities Net Unrealized Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Net Unrealized Losses on Defined Benefit Plan Obligations Total
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Balance at December 31, 2021 ($6,795) ($4,013) ($9,173) ($19,981)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (132,469) (20,820) —  (153,289)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss —  539  976  1,515 
Net other comprehensive (loss) income (132,469) (20,281) 976  (151,774)
Balance at September 30, 2022 ($139,264) ($24,294) ($8,197) ($171,755)

Note 15 - Earnings per Common Share
The following table presents the calculation of EPS:
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Earnings for basic and diluted earnings per common share:
Net income $11,161  $18,668  $35,229  $55,108 
Less: dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities (21) (53) (69) (164)
Net income available to common shareholders $11,140  $18,615  $35,160  $54,944 
Shares:
Weighted average common shares outstanding 17,019  17,174  17,034  17,269 
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents
22  124  29  120 
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding 17,041  17,298  17,063  17,389 
Earnings per common share:
Basic earnings per common share $0.65  $1.08  $2.06  $3.18 
Diluted earnings per common share $0.65  $1.08  $2.06  $3.16 

Weighted average common stock equivalents, not included in common stock equivalents above because they were anti-dilutive, totaled 468,524 and 452,472, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to 137,886 and 140,777, respectively, for the same periods in 2022.

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Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers and to manage the Corporation’s exposure to fluctuations in interest rates.  These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, forward loan commitments, loan related derivative contracts and interest rate risk management contracts.  These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The contract or notional amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Corporation has in particular classes of financial instruments.

Financial Instruments Whose Contract Amounts Represent Credit Risk (Unfunded Commitments)
Commitments to Extend Credit
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there are no violations of any condition established in the contract.  Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee.  Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.  Each borrower’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis.  The amount of collateral obtained is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower.

Standby Letters of Credit
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These standby letters of credit are primarily issued to support the financing needs of the Bank’s commercial customers. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The collateral supporting those commitments is essentially the same as for other commitments. Most standby letters of credit extend for one year. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no liabilities to beneficiaries resulting from standby letters of credit. Should the Corporation be required to make payments to the beneficiary, repayment from the customer to the Corporation is required.

Financial Instruments Whose Notional Amounts Exceed the Amount of Credit Risk
Mortgage Loan Commitments
Interest rate lock commitments are extended to borrowers and relate to the origination of mortgage loans held for sale. To mitigate the interest rate risk and pricing risk associated with these rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale, the Corporation enters into forward sale commitments.  Both interest rate lock commitments and forward sale commitments are derivative financial instruments.

Loan Related Derivative Contracts
The Corporation’s credit policies with respect to interest rate contracts with commercial borrowers are similar to those used for loans.  The interest rate contracts with other counterparties are generally subject to bilateral collateralization terms.

Interest Rate Risk Management Contracts
The Corporation’s interest rate risk management contracts consist of interest rate swap agreements in which the Corporation and another party agree to exchange interest payments (e.g., fixed-rate for variable-rate payments) computed on a notional principal amount. The credit risk associated with these transactions is the risk of default by the counterparty. To minimize this risk, the Corporation enters into interest rate agreements only with highly rated counterparties that management believes to be creditworthy.

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Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
The following table presents the contractual and notional amounts of financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk (unfunded commitments):
Commitments to extend credit $1,242,728  $1,308,873 
Standby letters of credit 8,955  9,028 
Financial instruments whose notional amounts exceed the amounts of credit risk:
Mortgage loan commitments:
Interest rate lock commitments
30,722  12,201 
Forward sale commitments
45,433  23,150 
Loan related derivative contracts:
Interest rate contracts with customers 962,174  935,099 
Mirror interest rate contracts with counterparties 962,174  935,099 
Risk participation-in agreements
224,374  221,247 
Interest rate risk management contracts:
Interest rate swaps
140,000  320,000 

See Note 6 for additional disclosure pertaining to derivative financial instruments.

ACL on Unfunded Commitments
The ACL on unfunded commitments is management’s estimate of expected lifetime credit losses over the expected contractual term in which the Corporation is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Corporation. Unfunded commitments for home equity lines of credit and commercial demand loans are considered unconditionally cancellable for regulatory capital purposes and, therefore, are excluded from the calculation to estimate the ACL on unfunded commitments. For each portfolio, estimated loss rates and funding factors are applied to the corresponding balance of unfunded commitments. The estimated loss rates applied to unfunded commitments are the same quantitative and qualitative loss rates applied to the corresponding on-balance sheet amounts in determining the ACL on loans. The estimated funding factor applied to unfunded commitments represents the likelihood that the funding will occur and is based upon the Corporation’s average historical utilization rate for each portfolio.

The activity in the ACL on unfunded commitments for the three months ended September 30, 2023 is presented below:
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial Consumer
CRE
C&I
Total Commercial Residential Real Estate Home Equity Other Total Consumer Total
Beginning Balance $1,483  $877  $2,360  $15  $—  $15  $15  $2,390 
Provision (387) (9) (396) (1) —  (3) (3) (400)
Ending Balance $1,096  $868  $1,964  $14  $—  $12  $12  $1,990 
The activity in the ACL on unfunded commitments for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is presented below:
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial Consumer
CRE C&I Total Commercial Residential Real Estate Home Equity Other Total Consumer Total
Beginning Balance $1,236  $988  $2,224  $50  $—  $16  $16  $2,290 
Provision (140) (120) (260) (36) —  (4) (4) (300)
Ending Balance $1,096  $868  $1,964  $14  $—  $12  $12  $1,990 

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Condensed Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
The activity in the ACL on unfunded commitments for the three months ended September 30, 2022 is presented below:
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial Consumer
CRE
C&I
Total Commercial Residential Real Estate Home Equity Other Total Consumer Total
Beginning Balance $1,279  $834  $2,113  $58  $—  $19  $19  $2,190 
Provision 185  25  210  (8) —  (2) (2) 200 
Ending Balance $1,464  $859  $2,323  $50  $—  $17  $17  $2,390 

The activity in the ACL on unfunded commitments for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is presented below:
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial Consumer
CRE C&I Total Commercial Residential Real Estate Home Equity Other Total Consumer Total
Beginning Balance $1,267  $816  $2,083  $62  $—  $16  $16  $2,161 
Provision 197  43  240  (12) —  229 
Ending Balance $1,464  $859  $2,323  $50  $—  $17  $17  $2,390 

Other Contingencies
Litigation
The Corporation is involved in various claims and legal proceedings arising out of the ordinary course of business. Management is of the opinion, based on its review with counsel of the development of such matters to date, that the ultimate disposition of such matters will not materially affect the consolidated balance sheets or statements of income of the Corporation.

Other Matters
On September 27, 2023, the Bank entered into a settlement with the DOJ through an agreement to resolve allegations that it violated fair lending laws in the state of Rhode Island from 2016 to 2021. Under the settlement, the Bank will provide $7.0 million in loan subsidies over a five-year period with the goal of increasing home mortgage loans, home improvement loans, and home refinance loans in specific census tracts in Rhode Island. Loan subsidies may include originating a loan for a home purchase, refinancing or home improvement at an interest rate below the otherwise prevailing market interest rate offered by Washington Trust and payment of the initial mortgage insurance premium on loans subject to such mortgage insurance. The cost of such subsidies will generally be recognized over the life of the respective loans. Loan subsidies may also include down payment assistance and closing cost assistance. The Bank also will commit $2.0 million for focused community outreach and marketing efforts over a five-year period. The expenses associated with community outreach and marketing efforts will be recorded in the period in which the activities occur and are consistent with historical spending levels. In addition, the Bank will commit to opening two full-service branches in specific census tracts in Rhode Island, including the previously announced new branch in Olneyville, Rhode Island.

The settlement included no civil penalties levied against the Bank. The United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island approved the settlement on October 31, 2023. The settlement resolves all claims made by the DOJ against the Bank related to its lending practices in the state of Rhode Island from 2016 to 2021.
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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Corporation’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and in conjunction with the condensed Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Item 1 of this report.  Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full-year ended December 31, 2023 or any future period.

Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains statements that are “forward-looking statements.”  We may also make forward-looking statements in other documents we file with the SEC, in our annual reports to shareholders, in press releases and other written materials, and in oral statements made by our officers, directors or employees.  You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “assume,” “outlook,” “will,” “should,” and other expressions that predict or indicate future events and trends and which do not relate to historical matters.  You should not rely on forward-looking statements, because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control.  These risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different than the anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

Some of the factors that might cause these differences include the following:
•changes in general business and economic conditions on a national basis and in the local markets in which we operate;
•changes in customer behavior due to political, business and economic conditions, including inflation and concerns about liquidity;
•interest rate changes or volatility, as well as changes in the balance and mix of loans and deposits;
•changes in loan demand and collectability;
•the possibility that future credits losses are higher than currently expected due to changes in economic assumptions or adverse economic developments;
•ongoing volatility in national and international financial markets;
•reductions in the market value or outflows of wealth management AUA;
•decreases in the value of securities and other assets;
•increases in defaults and charge-off rates;
•changes in the size and nature of our competition;
•changes in legislation or regulation and accounting principles, policies and guidelines;
•operational risks including, but not limited to, changes in information technology, cybersecurity incidents, fraud, natural disasters, war, terrorism, civil unrest and future pandemics;
•regulatory, litigation and reputational risks; and
•changes in the assumptions used in making such forward-looking statements.

In addition, the factors described under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as updated by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings submitted to the SEC, may result in these differences.  You should carefully review all of these factors and you should be aware that there may be other factors that could cause these differences.  These forward-looking statements were based on information, plans and estimates at the date of this report, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events or other changes.

Overview
Washington Trust offers a full range of financial services, including commercial, residential and consumer lending, retail and commercial deposit products, and wealth management and trust services through its offices in Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Connecticut.

Our largest source of operating income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on loans and securities and interest paid on deposits and borrowings. In addition, we generate noninterest income from a number of sources, including wealth management services, mortgage banking activities and deposit services.
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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our principal noninterest expenses include salaries and employee benefit costs, outsourced services provided by third-party vendors, occupancy and facility-related costs and other administrative expenses.

We continue to leverage our strong regional brand to build market share and remain steadfast in our commitment to provide superior service. We believe the key to future growth is providing customers with convenient in-person service and digital banking solutions. In April 2023, we opened a new full-service branch in Barrington, Rhode Island. In addition, we expect to open a branch in Smithfield, Rhode Island late in the fourth quarter of 2023 and another branch in the Olneyville section of Providence in early 2024.

Risk Management
The Corporation has a comprehensive ERM program through which the Corporation identifies, measures, monitors and controls current and emerging material risks.

The Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of the ERM program. The ERM program enables the aggregation of risk across the Corporation and ensures the Corporation has the tools, programs and processes in place to support informed decision making, to anticipate risks before they materialize and to maintain the Corporation’s risk profile consistent with its risk strategy.

The Board of Directors has approved an ERM Policy that addresses each category of risk. The risk categories include: credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, price and market risk, compliance risk, strategic and reputation risk, and operational risk. A description of each risk category is provided below.

Credit risk represents the possibility that borrowers or other counterparties may not repay loans or other contractual obligations according to their terms due to changes in the financial capacity, ability and willingness of such borrowers or counterparties to meet their obligations. In some cases, the collateral securing payment of the loans may be sufficient to assure repayment, but in other cases the Corporation may experience significant credit losses which could have an adverse effect on its operating results. The Corporation makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of its loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of its borrowers and counterparties and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of loans. Credit risk also exists with respect to investment securities. For further discussion regarding the credit risk and the credit quality of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, see Note 4 and Note 5 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. For further discussion regarding credit risk associated with unfunded commitments, see Note 16 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. For further discussion regarding the Corporation’s securities portfolio, see Note 3 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest rate risk is the risk of loss to future earnings due to changes in interest rates. It exists because the repricing frequency and magnitude of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are not identical. See the “Asset/Liability Management and Interest Rate Risk” section below for additional disclosure.

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Corporation will not have the ability to generate adequate amounts of cash in the most economical way for it to meet its maturing liability obligations and customer loan demand. For detailed disclosure regarding liquidity management, see the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section below.

Price and market risk refers to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates and other relevant market rates and prices, such as equity prices. Interest rate risk, discussed above, is the most significant market risk to which the Corporation is exposed. The Corporation is also exposed to financial market risk and housing market risk.

Compliance risk represents the risk of regulatory sanctions or financial loss resulting from the failure to comply with laws, rules and regulations and standards of good banking practice. Activities which may expose the Corporation to compliance risk include, but are not limited to, those dealing with the prevention of money laundering, privacy and data protection, adherence to all applicable laws and regulations, and employment and tax matters.

Strategic and reputation risk represent the risk of loss due to impairment of reputation, failure to fully develop and execute business plans, and failure to assess existing and new opportunities and threats in business, markets, and products.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Operational risk is the risk of loss due to human behavior, inadequate or failed internal systems and controls, and external influences such as market conditions, fraudulent activities, natural disasters and security risks.

ERM is an overarching program that includes all areas of the Corporation. A framework approach is utilized to assign responsibility and to ensure that the various business units and activities involved in the risk management life-cycle are effectively integrated. The Corporation has adopted the “three lines of defense” strategy that is an industry best practice for ERM. Business units are the first line of defense in managing risk. They are responsible for identifying, measuring, monitoring, and controlling current and emerging risks. They are responsible for reporting on and escalating their concerns. Corporate functions such as Credit Risk Management, Financial Administration, Information Assurance and Compliance, represent the second line of defense. They are responsible for policy setting and for reviewing and challenging the risk management activities of the business units. They collaborate closely with business units on planning and resource allocation with respect to risk management. Internal Audit is a third line of defense. They provide independent assurance to the Board of Directors of the effectiveness of the first and second lines in fulfilling their risk management responsibilities.

For additional factors that could adversely impact Washington Trust’s future results of operations and financial condition, see Part II, Item 1A below and the section labeled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as updated by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings submitted to the SEC.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Results of Operations
Summary
The following table presents a summarized consolidated statement of operations:
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
Change Change
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 $ % 2023 2022 $ %
Net interest income $33,751  $42,042  ($8,291) (20  %) $104,444  $114,648  ($10,204) (9  %)
Noninterest income 15,226  15,803  (577) (4) 42,834  48,814  (5,980) (12)
Total revenues 48,977  57,845  (8,868) (15) 147,278  163,462  (16,184) (10)
Provision for credit losses 500  800  (300) (38) 2,000  (2,100) 4,100  195 
Noninterest expense 34,390  33,067  1,323  100,970  95,363  5,607 
Income before income taxes 14,087  23,978  (9,891) (41) 44,308  70,199  (25,891) (37)
Income tax expense 2,926  5,310  (2,384) (45) 9,079  15,091  (6,012) (40)
Net income $11,161  $18,668  ($7,507) (40  %) $35,229  $55,108  ($19,879) (36  %)

The following table presents a summary of performance metrics and ratios:
Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Diluted earnings per common share $0.65  $1.08  $2.06  $3.16 
Return on average assets (net income divided by average assets) 0.62  % 1.19  % 0.68  % 1.23  %
Return on average equity (net income available for common shareholders divided by average equity)
9.65  % 15.16  % 10.19  % 14.35  %
Net interest income as a percentage of total revenues 69  % 73  % 71  % 70  %
Noninterest income as a percentage of total revenues 31  % 27  % 29  % 30  %

Net income totaled $11.2 million and $35.2 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $18.7 million and $55.1 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2022. Results in 2023 were impacted by steep increases in market interest rates and a decline in wealth management and mortgage banking revenues.

The decline in net interest income in 2023 was driven by increased funding costs, which offset the benefit of higher yields on, and growth in, average interest-earning asset balances. The decline in noninterest income reflected lower wealth management asset-based revenues and AUA balances attributable to client asset outflows concentrated in the fourth quarter of 2022. The decline in noninterest income also reflected lower mortgage banking revenues, as higher market interest rates have dampened mortgage activity. The provision for credit losses reflected loan growth, changes in asset and credit quality and reflected our estimate of forecasted economic conditions. The increase in noninterest expenses largely reflected increases in FDIC deposit insurance costs and salaries and employee benefits.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Average Balances / Net Interest Margin - Fully Taxable Equivalent Basis
The following table presents average balance and interest rate information.  Tax-exempt income is converted to an FTE basis using the statutory federal income tax rate adjusted for applicable state income taxes net of the related federal tax benefit. Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities and changes in fair value on mortgage loans held for sale are excluded from the average balance and yield calculations. Nonaccrual loans, as well as interest recognized on these loans, are included in amounts presented for loans.
Three months ended September 30, 2023 2022 Change
(Dollars in thousands) Average Balance Interest Yield/ Rate Average Balance Interest Yield/ Rate Average Balance Interest Yield/ Rate
Assets:
Cash, federal funds sold and short-term investments
$102,608  $1,344  5.20  $92,708  $503  2.15  $9,900  $841  3.05 
Mortgage loans held for sale 23,057  332  5.71  34,503  361  4.15  (11,446) (29) 1.56 
Taxable debt securities 1,181,915  7,271  2.44  1,150,674  6,061  2.09  31,241  1,210  0.35 
FHLB stock 46,889  878  7.43  25,377  88  1.38  21,512  790  6.05 
Commercial real estate 2,004,204  31,526  6.24  1,692,374  17,974  4.21  311,830  13,552  2.03 
Commercial & industrial 609,604  9,896  6.44  630,360  7,114  4.48  (20,756) 2,782  1.96 
Total commercial
2,613,808  41,422  6.29  2,322,734  25,088  4.29  291,074  16,334  2.00 
Residential real estate 2,552,602  24,976  3.88  2,045,833  17,379  3.37  506,769  7,597  0.51 
Home equity 303,144  4,514  5.91  269,654  2,804  4.13  33,490  1,710  1.78 
Other 18,813  225  4.74  15,299  171  4.43  3,514  54  0.31 
Total consumer
321,957  4,739  5.84  284,953  2,975  4.14  37,004  1,764  1.70 
Total loans
5,488,367  71,137  5.14  4,653,520  45,442  3.87  834,847  25,695  1.27 
Total interest-earning assets
6,842,836  80,962  4.69  5,956,782  52,455  3.49  886,054  28,507  1.20 
Noninterest-earning assets 272,321  259,347  12,974 
Total assets
$7,115,157  $6,216,129  $899,028 
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (in-market) $461,760  $5,060  4.35  $267,670  $822  1.22  $194,090  $4,238  3.13 
NOW accounts 742,690  419  0.22  871,038  212  0.10  (128,348) 207  0.12 
Money market accounts 1,173,284  9,929  3.36  1,137,875  2,231  0.78  35,409  7,698  2.58 
Savings accounts 516,342  429  0.33  582,513  100  0.07  (66,171) 329  0.26 
Time deposits (in-market) 1,080,395  9,880  3.63  797,199  1,983  0.99  283,196  7,897  2.64 
Interest-bearing in-market deposits 3,974,471  25,717  2.57  3,656,295  5,348  0.58  318,176  20,369  1.99 
Wholesale brokered demand deposits —  —  —  31,014  166  2.12  (31,014) (166) (2.12)
Wholesale brokered time deposits 659,624  8,352  5.02  381,984  1,142  1.19  277,640  7,210  3.83 
Wholesale brokered deposits 659,624  8,352  5.02  412,998  1,308  1.26  246,626  7,044  3.76 
Total interest-bearing deposits 4,634,095  34,069  2.92  4,069,293  6,656  0.65  564,802  27,413  2.27 
FHLB advances 1,053,370  12,497  4.71  549,729  3,234  2.33  503,641  9,263  2.38 
Junior subordinated debentures
22,681  404  7.07  22,681  206  3.60  —  198  3.47 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
5,710,146  46,970  3.26  4,641,703  10,096  0.86  1,068,443  36,874  2.40 
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 773,424  944,153  (170,729)
Other liabilities 173,572  143,043  30,529 
Shareholders’ equity 458,015  487,230  (29,215)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$7,115,157  $6,216,129  $899,028 
Net interest income (FTE)
$33,992  $42,359  ($8,367)
Interest rate spread 1.43  2.63  (1.20)
Net interest margin 1.97  2.82  (0.85)
-47-



Management's Discussion and Analysis

Interest income amounts presented in the preceding table include the following adjustments for taxable equivalency:
(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended September 30, 2023 2022 Change
Commercial loans $241  $317  ($76)

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 2022 Change
(Dollars in thousands) Average Balance Interest Yield/ Rate Average Balance Interest Yield/ Rate Average Balance Interest Yield/ Rate
Assets:
Cash, federal funds sold and short-term investments $105,025  $3,693  4.70  $128,606  $769  0.80  ($23,581) $2,924  3.90 
Mortgage loans held for sale 18,315  725  5.29  29,985  851  3.79  (11,670) (126) 1.50 
Taxable debt securities 1,192,536  21,868  2.45  1,106,632  15,209  1.84  85,904  6,659  0.61 
FHLB stock 45,605  2,333  6.84  15,745  218  1.85  29,860  2,115  4.99 
Commercial real estate 1,931,196  85,626  5.93  1,648,061  43,360  3.52  283,135  42,266  2.41 
Commercial & industrial 618,415  28,423  6.14  628,574  19,456  4.14  (10,159) 8,967  2.00 
Total commercial 2,549,611  114,049  5.98  2,276,635  62,816  3.69  272,976  51,233  2.29 
Residential real estate 2,452,088  69,777  3.80  1,875,175  46,376  3.31  576,913  23,401  0.49 
Home equity 293,957  12,355  5.62  257,814  6,753  3.50  36,143  5,602  2.12 
Other 17,685  616  4.66  15,995  550  4.60  1,690  66  0.06 
Total consumer 311,642  12,971  5.56  273,809  7,303  3.57  37,833  5,668  1.99 
Total loans 5,313,341  196,797  4.95  4,425,619  116,495  3.52  887,722  80,302  1.43 
Total interest-earning assets 6,674,822  225,416  4.52  5,706,587  133,542  3.13  968,235  91,874  1.39 
Noninterest-earning assets 259,334  268,744  (9,410)
Total assets $6,934,156  $5,975,331  $958,825 
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (in-market) $385,180  $11,788  4.09  $255,014  $1,114  0.58  $130,166  $10,674  3.51 
NOW accounts 781,546  1,177  0.20  867,464  492  0.08  (85,918) 685  0.12 
Money market accounts 1,208,436  26,807  2.97  1,193,599  3,984  0.45  14,837  22,823  2.52 
Savings accounts 534,784  1,065  0.27  570,129  246  0.06  (35,345) 819  0.21 
Time deposits (in-market) 971,333  22,417  3.09  800,037  5,997  1.00  171,296  16,420  2.09 
Interest-bearing in-market deposits 3,881,279  63,254  2.18  3,686,243  11,833  0.43  195,036  51,421  1.75 
Wholesale brokered demand deposits 5,368  177  4.41  17,197  212  1.65  (11,829) (35) 2.76 
Wholesale brokered time deposits 579,871  19,931  4.60  396,465  1,677  0.57  183,406  18,254  4.03 
Wholesale brokered deposits 585,239  20,108  4.59  413,662  1,889  0.61  171,577  18,219  3.98 
Total interest-bearing deposits 4,466,518  83,362  2.50  4,099,905  13,722  0.45  366,613  69,640  2.05 
FHLB advances 1,025,788  35,775  4.66  285,590  3,891  1.82  740,198  31,884  2.84 
Junior subordinated debentures 22,681  1,132  6.67  22,681  443  2.61  —  689  4.06 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 5,514,987  120,269  2.92  4,408,176  18,056  0.55  1,106,811  102,213  2.37 
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 792,706  925,433  (132,727)
Other liabilities 165,021  129,967  35,054 
Shareholders’ equity 461,442  511,755  (50,313)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $6,934,156  $5,975,331  $958,825 
Net interest income (FTE)
$105,147 $115,486  ($10,339)
Interest rate spread 1.60  2.58  (0.98)
Net interest margin 2.11  2.71  (0.60)
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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Interest income amounts presented in the preceding table include the following adjustments for taxable equivalency:
(Dollars in thousands)
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 2022 Change
Commercial loans $703  $838  ($135)

Net Interest Income
Net interest income, the primary source of our operating income, totaled $33.8 million and $104.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $42.0 million and $114.6 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2022. Net interest income is affected by the level of and changes in interest rates, and changes in the amount and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.  Prepayment penalty income associated with loan payoffs is included in net interest income.

The following discussion presents net interest income on an FTE basis by adjusting income and yields on tax-exempt loans and securities to be comparable to taxable loans and securities.

Net interest income includes the periodic recognition of prepayment penalty fee income associated with commercial loan payoffs. Prepayment penalty fee income amounted to $71 thousand (or 0 basis point benefit to NIM) and $245 thousand (or 1 basis point benefit to NIM), respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $30 thousand (or 0 basis point benefit to NIM) and $168 thousand (or 1 basis point benefit to NIM), respectively, for the same periods in 2022.

The analysis of net interest income, NIM and the yield on loans is impacted by changes in the level of net amortization of premiums and discounts on securities and loans, which is included in interest income. Changes in market interest rates affect the level of loan prepayments and the receipt of payments on mortgage-backed securities. Prepayment speeds generally increase as market interest rates decline and decrease as market interest rates rise. Changes in prepayment speeds could increase or decrease the level of net amortization of premiums and discounts, thereby affecting interest income. Additionally, as PPP loans were forgiven by the SBA in the previous year, related unamortized net fee balances were accelerated and amortized, increasing net interest income.

As noted in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, net amortization of premiums and discounts on securities and loans (a net reduction to interest income) amounted to $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared $2.5 million for the same period in 2022. This included no accelerated amortization of net deferred fee balances on PPP loans forgiven by the SBA in 2023, compared to $21 thousand (or 0 basis points benefit to NIM) and $1.2 million (or 3 basis points benefit to NIM), respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

FTE net interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 amounted to $34.0 million and $105.1 million, respectively, down by $8.4 million and $10.3 million, respectively, from the same periods in 2022. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, growth in average interest-earning assets net of increased average interest-bearing liability balances contributed approximately $1.4 million and $3.5 million, respectively, of net interest income. Increases in funding costs outpaced increases in asset yields, reducing net interest income by $9.7 million and $13.8 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

NIM was 1.97% and 2.11%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to 2.82% and 2.71%, respectively, for the same periods in 2022. While NIM benefited from higher market interest rates on loans, it was adversely impacted by a higher cost of funds.

Total average securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $31.2 million and $85.9 million, respectively, from the average balances for the same periods a year earlier due to purchases of debt securities. The FTE rate of return on the securities portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 2.44% and 2.45%, respectively, compared to 2.09% and 1.84%, respectively, for the same periods in 2022, reflecting the impact of higher market interest rates in 2023.

Total average loan balances for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $834.8 million and $887.7 million, respectively, from the average loan balances for the comparable 2022 periods, largely reflecting growth in average balances of residential real estate and CRE loans. The yield on total loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 5.14% and 4.95%, respectively, compared to 3.87% and 3.52%, respectively, in the corresponding periods in 2022, reflecting higher market interest rates.
-49-



Management's Discussion and Analysis

Higher levels of wholesale funding were used in 2023 to fund balance sheet growth. The average balance of FHLB advances for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $503.6 million and $740.2 million, respectively, compared to the average balances for the same periods in 2022. Due to increases in market interest rates, the average rate paid on such advances for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 4.71% and 4.66%, respectively, up from 2.33% and 1.82%, respectively, for the same periods in 2022. Included in total average interest-bearing deposits were wholesale brokered deposits, which increased by $246.6 million and $171.6 million, respectively, from the same periods in 2022. Due to increases in market interest rates, the average rate paid on wholesale brokered deposits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 5.02% and 4.59%, respectively, compared to 1.26% and 0.61%, respectively, for the same periods in 2022.

As market interest rates rose, deposit balances shifted from lower cost deposits to higher cost deposits. Average in-market interest-bearing deposits, which excludes wholesale brokered deposits, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $318.2 million and $195.0 million, respectively, from the average balances for the same periods in 2022, with increases in time deposits and interest-bearing demand deposits. The average rate paid on in-market interest-bearing deposits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 2.57% and 2.18%, respectively, compared to 0.58% and 0.43%, respectively, from the same periods in 2022. The average balance of noninterest-bearing demand deposits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased by $170.7 million and $132.7 million, respectively, from the average balances for the same periods in 2022.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Volume / Rate Analysis - Interest Income and Expense (FTE Basis)
The following table presents certain information on an FTE basis regarding changes in our interest income and interest expense for the period indicated.  The net change attributable to both volume and rate has been allocated proportionately.
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 vs. 2022 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 vs. 2022
Change Due to Change Due to
Volume Rate Net Change Volume Rate Net Change
Interest on Interest-Earning Assets:
Cash, federal funds sold and other short-term investments
$59  $782  $841  ($166) $3,090  $2,924 
Mortgage loans held for sale (141) 112  (29) (396) 270  (126)
Taxable debt securities 169  1,041  1,210  1,263  5,396  6,659 
FHLB stock 128  662  790  873  1,242  2,115 
Commercial real estate 3,747  9,805  13,552  8,478  33,788  42,266 
Commercial & industrial (241) 3,023  2,782  (318) 9,285  8,967 
Total commercial
3,506  12,828  16,334  8,160  43,073  51,233 
Residential real estate 4,716  2,881  7,597  15,799  7,602  23,401 
Home equity 383  1,327  1,710  1,053  4,549  5,602 
Other 41  13  54  59  66 
Total consumer 424  1,340  1,764  1,112  4,556  5,668 
Total loans 8,646  17,049  25,695  25,071  55,231  80,302 
Total interest income 8,861  19,646  28,507  26,645  65,229  91,874 
Interest on Interest-Bearing Liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (in-market) 934  3,304  4,238  830  9,844  10,674 
NOW accounts (35) 242  207  (54) 739  685 
Money market accounts 72  7,626  7,698  51  22,772  22,823 
Savings accounts (13) 342  329  (17) 836  819 
Time deposits (in-market) 928  6,969  7,897  1,526  14,894  16,420 
Interest-bearing in-market deposits 1,886  18,483  20,369  2,336  49,085  51,421 
Wholesale brokered demand deposits (83) (83) (166) (217) 182  (35)
Wholesale brokered time deposits 1,328  5,882  7,210  1,121  17,133  18,254 
Wholesale brokered deposits 1,245  5,799  7,044  904  17,315  18,219 
Total interest-bearing deposits 3,131  24,282  27,413  3,240  66,400  69,640 
FHLB advances 4,380  4,883  9,263  19,902  11,982  31,884 
Junior subordinated debentures —  198  198  —  689  689 
Total interest expense 7,511  29,363  36,874  23,142  79,071  102,213 
Net interest income (FTE) $1,350  ($9,717) ($8,367) $3,503  ($13,842) ($10,339)

Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses results from management’s review of the adequacy of the ACL. The ACL is management’s estimate, at the reporting date, of expected lifetime credit losses and includes consideration of current forecasted economic conditions. Estimating an appropriate level of ACL necessarily involves a high degree of judgment.

-51-



Management's Discussion and Analysis
The following table presents the provision for credit losses:
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
Change Change
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 $ % 2023 2022 $ %
Provision for credit losses on loans $900  $600  $300  50  % $2,300  ($2,329) $4,629  199  %
Provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments (400) 200  ($600) (300) (300) 229  ($529) (231)
Provision for credit losses $500  $800  ($300) (38  %) $2,000  ($2,100) $4,100  195  %

The provision recognized in 2023 reflected loan growth, changes in asset and credit quality, and our current estimate of forecasted economic conditions. Econometric factors have been relatively stable in 2023 and the forecast also reflects a lower probability of a recession, with an anticipation of a “soft-landing” in the event of an economic slowdown.

On a year-to-date basis in 2022 a negative provision was recorded reflecting low loss rates and strong asset and credit quality that more than offset negative trends in economic forecasts and loan growth that was concentrated in residential real estate loans.

Net charge-offs totaled $30 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net charge-offs of $54 thousand for the same period in 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net charge-offs totaled $114 thousand, compared to net recoveries of $104 thousand for the same period in 2022.

The ACL on loans was $40.2 million, or 0.72% of total loans, at September 30, 2023, compared to $38.0 million, or 0.74% of total loans, at December 31, 2022. See additional discussion under the caption “Asset Quality” for further information on the ACL on loans.

Noninterest Income
Noninterest income is an important source of revenue for Washington Trust.  The principal categories of noninterest income are shown in the following table:
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
Change Change
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 $ % 2023 2022 $ %
Noninterest income:
Wealth management revenues $8,948  $9,525  ($577) (6  %) $26,659  $30,122  ($3,463) (11  %)
Mortgage banking revenues
2,108  2,047  61  5,106  7,630  (2,524) (33)
Card interchange fees 1,267  1,287  (20) (2) 3,667  3,754  (87) (2)
Service charges on deposit accounts 674  819  (145) (18) 2,118  2,250  (132) (6)
Loan related derivative income
1,082  1,041  41  1,278  2,011  (733) (36)
Income from bank-owned life insurance 710  684  26  2,754  1,900  854  45 
Other income 437  400  37  1,252  1,147  105 
Total noninterest income
$15,226  $15,803  ($577) (4  %) $42,834  $48,814  ($5,980) (12  %)

Noninterest Income Analysis
On a year-to-date basis, revenue from wealth management services represented 62% of total noninterest income for both 2023 and 2022. A substantial portion of wealth management revenues is dependent on the value of wealth management AUA and is closely tied to the performance of the financial markets. This portion of wealth management revenues is referred to as “asset-based” and includes trust and investment management fees. Wealth management revenues also include “transaction-based” revenues, such as commissions and other service fees that are not primarily derived from the value of assets.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
The categories of wealth management revenues are shown in the following table:
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
Change Change
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 $ % 2023 2022 $ %
Wealth management revenues:
Asset-based revenues $8,683  $9,302  ($619) (7  %) $25,674  $29,154  ($3,480) (12  %)
Transaction-based revenues 265  223  42  19  985  968  17 
Total wealth management revenues $8,948  $9,525  ($577) (6  %) $26,659  $30,122  ($3,463) (11  %)

Wealth management revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased by $577 thousand and $3.5 million, respectively, from the same periods in 2022, reflecting a decrease in asset-based revenues. The change in asset-based revenues correlated with the change in average AUA balances. The average balance of AUA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased by 6% and 13%, respectively, from the average balance for the same periods in 2022.

The end of period AUA balance amounted to $6.1 billion at September 30, 2023. The following table presents the changes in wealth management AUA balances:
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Wealth management assets under administration:
Balance at the beginning of period $6,350,260  $6,650,097  $5,961,990  $7,784,211 
Net investment appreciation (depreciation) & income (154,269) (239,762) 391,781  (1,444,785)
Net client asset (outflows) inflows (64,596) (87,578) (222,376) (16,669)
Balance at the end of period $6,131,395  $6,322,757  $6,131,395  $6,322,757 

AUA and related asset-based revenues were adversely impacted by client withdrawals associated with the departure of four client-facing advisors at the end of the third quarter of 2022. These four advisors were associated with approximately $1.0 billion of AUA as of September 30, 2022. Through September 30, 2023, cumulative client asset withdrawals associated with the departure of the advisors amounted to $672 million, of which $68 million was withdrawn in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $604 million was withdrawn in the fourth quarter of 2022. The cumulative withdrawals reduced wealth management revenues by approximately $966 thousand and $2.8 million, respectively, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. We continue to expect that the full-year 2023 decline in revenues associated with these withdrawals will be approximately $3.8 million. While there are cost savings in salaries and employee benefits expense associated with the departure of these advisors, they currently are being partially offset by a higher level of legal expenses also associated with this matter.

On a year-to-date basis, mortgage banking revenues represented 12% of total noninterest income for 2023, compared to 16% for 2022. These revenues are dependent on mortgage origination volume and are sensitive to interest rates and the condition of housing markets. The composition of mortgage banking revenues and the volume of loans sold to the secondary market are shown in the following table:

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
Change Change
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 $ % 2023 2022 $ %
Mortgage banking revenues:
Realized gains on loan sales, net (1)
$1,746  $1,718  $28  % $3,149  $6,962  ($3,813) (55  %)
Changes in fair value, net (2)
(171) (226) 55  24  297  (798) 1,095  137 
Loan servicing fee income, net (3)
533  555  (22) (4) 1,660  1,466  194  13 
Total mortgage banking revenues $2,108  $2,047  $61  % $5,106  $7,630  ($2,524) (33  %)
Loans sold to the secondary market (4)
$88,621  $75,324  $13,297  18  % $182,512  $285,193  ($102,681) (36  %)
(1)Includes gains on loan sales, commission income on loans originated for others, servicing right gains, and gains (losses) on forward loan commitments.
(2)Represents fair value changes on mortgage loans held for sale and forward loan commitments.
(3)Represents loan servicing fee income, net of servicing right amortization and valuation adjustments.
(4)Includes brokered loans (loans originated for others).

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, mortgage banking revenues were up by $61 thousand and down by $2.5 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. The year-to-date decline in mortgage banking revenues was mainly attributable to a decline in sales volume and a reduction in the sales yield. On a year-to-date basis, residential real estate loan origination, refinancing and sales activity decreased in response to increases in market interest rates and changes in the housing markets. Mortgage banking revenues are also impacted by changes in the fair value of mortgage loans held for sale and forward loan commitments, which are primarily based on current market prices in the secondary market and correlate to changes in the size of the mortgage pipeline.

Income from BOLI for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was up by $854 thousand from the same period in 2022, reflecting the recognition of $658 thousand in non-taxable income in 2023 associated with the receipt of life insurance proceeds.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, loan related derivative income decreased by $733 thousand from the same period in 2022, reflecting a decrease in commercial borrower interest rate swap transactions.

Noninterest Expense
The following table presents noninterest expense comparisons:
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
Change Change
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 $ % 2023 2022 $ %
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits $21,622  $21,609  $13  —  % $63,994  $62,992  $1,002  %
Outsourced services 3,737  3,552  185  10,854  10,169  685 
Net occupancy 2,387  2,234  153  7,240  6,708  532 
Equipment 1,107  939  168  18  3,185  2,795  390  14 
Legal, audit and professional fees 1,058  693  365  53  2,932  2,140  792  37 
FDIC deposit insurance costs 1,185  430  755  176  3,428  1,198  2,230  186 
Advertising and promotion 789  799  (10) (1) 1,624  1,874  (250) (13)
Amortization of intangibles 211  215  (4) (2) 635  648  (13) (2)
Other 2,294  2,596  (302) (12) 7,078  6,839  239 
Total noninterest expense $34,390  $33,067  $1,323  % $100,970  $95,363  $5,607  %

Noninterest Expense Analysis
Salaries and employee benefits expense, the largest component of noninterest expense, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $13 thousand and $1.0 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. On a year-to-date basis, the increase largely reflected annual merit increases and higher staffing levels, partially offset by decreases in performance-based compensation accruals.
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Management's Discussion and Analysis

Outsourced services expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, increased by $185 thousand and $685 thousand, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year, due to changes to and expansion of services provided by third party vendors.

Net occupancy expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $153 thousand and $532 thousand, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022, primarily due to branch expansion.

Legal, audit and professional fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $365 thousand and $792 thousand, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022, reflecting higher legal expenses.

FDIC deposit insurance costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $755 thousand and $2.2 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022, reflecting an increase in the FDIC’s deposit assessment rate and growth in assets.

Income Taxes
The following table presents the Corporation’s income tax provision and applicable tax rates for the periods indicated:
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Income tax expense $2,926  $5,310  $9,079  $15,091 
Effective income tax rate 20.8  % 22.1  % 20.5  % 21.5  %

The effective income tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 differed from the federal rate of 21%, primarily due to the benefits of tax-exempt income, income from BOLI and federal tax credits, partially offset by state income tax expense.

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022 largely reflected an increase in benefits from federal tax credits, tax-exempt income and BOLI income.

The Corporation’s net deferred tax assets amounted to $63.4 million at September 30, 2023, compared to $56.4 million at December 31, 2022. The Corporation has determined that a valuation allowance is not required for any of the deferred tax assets since it is more-likely-than-not that these assets will be realized primarily through future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences or by offsetting projected future taxable income. Net deferred tax assets increased in 2023, largely reflecting increases in deferred tax assets associated with a decline in fair value of securities available for sale that due to changes in market interest rates.

Segment Reporting
The Corporation manages its operations through two reportable business segments, consisting of Commercial Banking and Wealth Management Services. See Note 13 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosure related to business segments.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Commercial Banking
The following table presents a summarized statement of operations for the Commercial Banking business segment:
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
Change Change
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 $ % 2023 2022 $ %
Net interest income $33,741  $42,038  ($8,297) (20  %) $104,407  $114,709  ($10,302) (9  %)
Provision for credit losses 500  800  (300) (38) 2,000  (2,100) 4,100  (195)
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
33,241  41,238  (7,997) (19) 102,407  116,809  (14,402) (12)
Noninterest income 6,105  6,043  62  15,679  18,174  (2,495) (14)
Noninterest expense 26,611  24,746  1,865  77,383  71,278  6,105 
Income before income taxes 12,735  22,535  (9,800) (43) 40,703  63,705  (23,002) (36)
Income tax expense 2,621  4,878  (2,257) (46) 8,226  13,423  (5,197) (39)
Net income $10,114  $17,657  ($7,543) (43  %) $32,477  $50,282  ($17,805) (35  %)

Net interest income for the Commercial Banking segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased by $8.3 million and $10.3 million, respectively, from the same periods in 2022. Net interest income was adversely impacted increases in funding costs, but this was partially offset by growth in and higher yields on average interest-earning assets.

The provision for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased by $300 thousand and increased by $4.1 million, respectively, from the same periods in 2022. See additional discussion under the caption “Provision for Credit Losses.”

Noninterest income derived from the Commercial Banking segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was up by $62 thousand and down by $2.5 million, respectively, from the comparable periods in 2022. On a year-to-date basis, the decline in Commercial Banking noninterest income in 2023 reflected lower mortgage banking revenues and loan related derivative income, partially offset by higher BOLI income. See additional discussion under the caption “Noninterest Income” above.

Commercial Banking noninterest expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were up by $1.9 million and $6.1 million, respectively, from the same periods in 2022, with the largest increases in FDIC deposit insurance costs, salaries and employee benefits, legal expenses, net occupancy costs and outsourced services. See additional discussion under the caption “Noninterest Expense” above.

Wealth Management Services
The following table presents a summarized statement of operations for the Wealth Management Services business segment:
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
Change Change
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 $ % 2023 2022 $ %
Net interest income (expense) $10  $4  $6  (150  %) $37  ($61) $98  161  %
Noninterest income 9,121  9,760  (639) (7) 27,155  30,640  (3,485) (11)
Noninterest expense 7,779  8,321  (542) (7) 23,587  24,085  (498) (2)
Income before income taxes 1,352  1,443  (91) (6) 3,605  6,494  (2,889) (44)
Income tax expense 305  432  (127) (29) 853  1,668  (815) (49)
Net income $1,047  $1,011  $36  % $2,752  $4,826  ($2,074) (43  %)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, noninterest income derived from the Wealth Management Services segment decreased by $639 thousand and $3.5 million, respectively, from the same periods in 2022, largely reflecting a decrease in asset-based revenues. See further discussion under the caption “Noninterest Income” above.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, noninterest expenses for the Wealth Management Services segment decreased by $542 thousand and $498 thousand, respectively, from the comparable periods in 2022, largely reflecting decreases in salaries and employee benefits expense, partially offset by higher legal expenses.

Financial Condition
Summary
The following table presents selected financial condition data:
(Dollars in thousands) Change
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
$ %
Total securities 958,990  993,928  (34,938) (4)
Total loans 5,611,115  5,110,139  500,976  10 
Allowance for credit losses on loans 40,213  38,027  2,186 
Total assets 7,183,475  6,660,051  523,424 
Total deposits 5,415,563  5,018,962  396,601 
FHLB advances 1,120,000  980,000  140,000  14 
Total shareholders’ equity 431,404  453,669  (22,265) (5)

Total assets amounted to $7.2 billion at September 30, 2023, up by $523.4 million, or 8%, from the end of 2022, largely reflecting loan growth.

The securities portfolio decreased by $34.9 million, or 4%, from the end of 2022, reflecting routine pay-downs on mortgage-backed securities and a decrease in fair value of available for sale securities due to changes in market interest rates, partially offset by purchases of debt securities.

Total loans increased by $501.0 million, or 10%, from the end of 2022, largely due to growth in the residential real estate and commercial loan portfolios.

Total deposits increased by $396.6 million, or 8%, from the end of 2022, with increases in both wholesale brokered deposits and in-market deposits. FHLB advances increased by $140.0 million, or 14%, from December 31, 2022. The increase in wholesale brokered deposits and FHLB advances reflected higher levels of wholesale funding being utilized to fund balance sheet growth.

Shareholders’ equity decreased by $22.3 million, or 5%, as net income was offset by dividend declarations, a decrease in the AOCL component of shareholders' equity and an increase in treasury stock balances. The decrease in AOCL reflected a decrease in the fair value of available for sale debt securities that was due to changes in market interest rates.

Securities
Investment security activity is monitored by the Investment Committee, the members of which also sit on the ALCO.  Asset and liability management objectives are the primary influence on the Corporation’s investment activities.  However, the Corporation also recognizes that there are certain specific risks inherent in investment activities.  The securities portfolio is managed in accordance with regulatory guidelines and established internal corporate investment policies that provide limitations on specific risk factors such as market risk, credit risk and concentration, liquidity risk and operational risk to help monitor risks associated with investing in securities.  Reports on the activities conducted by the Investment Committee and the ALCO are presented to the Board of Directors on a regular basis.

The Corporation’s securities portfolio is managed to generate interest income, to implement interest rate risk management strategies, and to provide a readily available source of liquidity for balance sheet management. Securities are designated as either available for sale, held to maturity or trading at the time of purchase. The Corporation does not maintain a portfolio of trading securities and does not have securities designated as held to maturity. Securities available for sale may be sold in response to changes in market conditions, prepayment risk, rate fluctuations, liquidity, or capital requirements. Debt securities available for sale are reported at fair value, with any unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of tax, until realized.
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Management's Discussion and Analysis

Determination of Fair Value
The Corporation uses an independent pricing service to obtain quoted prices. The prices provided by the independent pricing service are generally based on observable market data in active markets. The determination of whether markets are active or inactive is based upon the level of trading activity for a particular security class. Management reviews the independent pricing service’s documentation to gain an understanding of the appropriateness of the pricing methodologies. Management also reviews the prices provided by the independent pricing service for reasonableness based upon current trading levels for similar securities. If the prices appear unusual, they are re-examined and the value is either confirmed or revised. In addition, management periodically performs independent price tests of securities to ensure proper valuation and to verify our understanding of how securities are priced. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, management did not make any adjustments to the prices provided by the pricing service.

Our fair value measurements generally utilize Level 2 inputs, representing quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, and model-derived valuations in which all significant input assumptions are observable in active markets.

See Notes 3 and 7 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the determination of fair value of investment securities.

Securities Portfolio
The carrying amounts of securities held are as follows:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
Available for Sale Debt Securities:
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
$216,562  23  % $199,582  20  %
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
721,699  75  774,102  78 
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities 8,765  8,760 
Corporate bonds 11,964  11,484 
Total available for sale debt securities $958,990  100  % $993,928  100  %

The securities portfolio represented 13% of total assets at September 30, 2023, compared to 15% of total assets at December 31, 2022. The largest component of the securities portfolio is mortgage-backed securities, all of which are issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.

The securities portfolio decreased by $34.9 million, or 4%, from the end of 2022. This decrease included $55.3 million of routine pay-downs on mortgage-backed securities and a decrease of $38.7 million (pre-tax) in the fair value of available for sale securities. These were partially offset by purchases of U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored debt securities, including mortgage-backed securities, totaling $60.2 million, with a weighted average yield of 4.98%.

As of September 30, 2023, the carrying amount of available for sale debt securities included net unrealized losses of $211.1 million, compared to net unrealized losses of $172.4 million as of December 31, 2022. The decrease in fair value of available for sale debt securities from the end of 2022 was primarily concentrated in obligations of U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, including mortgage-backed securities, and primarily attributable to relative changes in market interest rates since the time of purchase. See Note 3 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Loans
Total loans amounted to $5.6 billion at September 30, 2023, up by $501.0 million, or 10%, from the end of 2022.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
The following is a summary of loans:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
Commercial:
Commercial real estate (1)
$2,063,383  37  % $1,829,304  36  %
Commercial & industrial (2)
611,565  11  656,397  13 
Total commercial 2,674,948  48  2,485,701  49 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate (3)
2,611,100  47  2,323,002  45 
Consumer:
Home equity 305,683  285,715 
Other (4)
19,384  —  15,721  — 
Total consumer 325,067  301,436 
Total loans $5,611,115  100  % $5,110,139  100  %
(1)CRE consists of commercial mortgages primarily secured by income-producing property, as well as construction and development loans. Construction and development loans are made to businesses for land development or the on-site construction of industrial, commercial, or residential buildings.
(2)C&I consists of loans to businesses and individuals, a portion of which are fully or partially collateralized by real estate.
(3)Residential real estate consists of mortgage and homeowner construction loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties.
(4)Other consists of loans to individuals secured by general aviation aircraft and other personal installment loans.

Commercial Loans
The commercial loan portfolio represented 48% of total loans at September 30, 2023.

In making commercial loans, we may occasionally solicit the participation of other banks. The Bank also participates in commercial loans originated by other banks. In such cases, these loans are individually underwritten by us using standards similar to those employed for our self-originated loans. Our participation in commercial loans originated by other banks amounted to $644.1 million and $510.6 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Our participation in commercial loans originated by other banks also includes shared national credits. Shared national credits are defined as participation in loans or loan commitments of at least $100.0 million that are shared by three or more banks.

Commercial loans fall into two main categories, CRE and C&I loans. CRE loans consist of commercial mortgages secured by real property where the primary source of repayment is derived from rental income associated with the property or the proceeds of the sale, refinancing or permanent financing of the property. CRE loans also include construction loans made to businesses for land development or the on-site construction of industrial, commercial, or residential buildings. C&I loans primarily provide working capital, equipment financing and financing for other business-related purposes. C&I loans are frequently collateralized by equipment, inventory, accounts receivable, and/or general business assets.  A portion of the Bank’s C&I loans is also collateralized by real estate.  C&I loans also include, tax-exempt loans made to states and political subdivisions, as well as industrial development or revenue bonds issued through quasi-public corporations for the benefit of a private or non-profit entity where that entity rather than the governmental entity is obligated to pay the debt service.

Commercial Real Estate Loans
CRE loans totaled $2.1 billion at September 30, 2023, up by $234.1 million, or 13%, from the balance at December 31, 2022. In 2023, CRE originations and advances of approximately $327 million were partially offset by payments of approximately $108 million. Included in the net increase in CRE were reclassifications of $15 million from C&I.

Included in the CRE loan portfolio were construction and development loans of $193.3 million and $164.1 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Shared national credit balances included in the CRE loans totaled $36.0 million and $10.5 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At September 30, 2023, $19.7 million of the balance was included in the pass-rated category of commercial loan credit quality and $16.3 million of the balance was classified. At December 31, 2022, all of the balances were included in the pass-rated category. All of the shared national credit balances included in CRE loans were current with respect to contractual payment terms at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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Management's Discussion and Analysis

The following table presents a geographic summary of CRE loans by property location:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Outstanding Balance % of Total Outstanding Balance % of Total
Connecticut $771,517  37  % $691,780  38  %
Massachusetts 656,754  32  566,717  31 
Rhode Island 431,724  21  387,759  21 
Subtotal 1,859,995  90  1,646,256  90 
All other states 203,388  10  183,048  10 
Total $2,063,383  100  % $1,829,304  100  %

The following table presents a summary of CRE loans by property type segmentation:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Count Outstanding Balance % of Total Count Outstanding Balance % of Total
CRE Portfolio Segmentation:
Multi-family dwelling 142  $552,819  27  % 127  $469,233  26  %
Retail 102  421,882  20  108  421,617  23 
Office 53  289,011  14  53  257,551  14 
Industrial and warehouse 53  272,216  13  42  192,717  11 
Hospitality 44  237,578  12  33  214,829  12 
Healthcare 18  168,653  17  136,225 
Commercial mixed use 11  47,984  21  54,976 
Other 29  73,240  34  82,156 
Total CRE loans
452  $2,063,383  100  % 435  $1,829,304  100  %
Average CRE loan size
$4,565  $4,205 
Largest individual CRE loan outstanding
$65,451  $65,431 

In 2023, there has been heightened focus in the banking industry on the CRE office sector, given the continuation of remote work and an increase in vacancies across the office market. As of September 30, 2023, Washington Trust’s CRE office loan segment totaled $289.0 million, or 5% of total loans and 14% of the total CRE loans. These office loans are secured by properties located in our primary lending market area of southern New England - Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Furthermore, approximately 67% of the CRE office segment balance of $289.0 million is secured by properties located in suburban areas. As of September 30, 2023, all of the CRE office loans were current with respect to payment terms and 97% of the CRE office segment balance was on accruing status. Additionally, the credit quality of the CRE office loan segment was 83% pass-rated, 7% special mention-rated and 10% classified as of September 30, 2023.

Commercial and Industrial Loans
C&I loans amounted to $611.6 million at September 30, 2023, down by $44.8 million, or 7%, from the balance at December 31, 2022. The net reduction in C&I reflected payments of approximately $75 million and reclassifications of $15 million to CRE, partially offset by originations and advances of $45 million.

Shared national credit balances outstanding included in the C&I loan portfolio totaled $65.6 million and $40.9 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. All of these loans were included in the pass-rated category of commercial loan credit quality and were current with respect to contractual payment terms at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
The following table presents a summary of C&I loan by industry segmentation:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Count Outstanding Balance % of Total Count Outstanding Balance % of Total
C&I Portfolio Segmentation:
Healthcare and social assistance 63  $160,637  26  % 69  $193,052  29  %
Real estate rental and leasing 158  80,283  13  168  72,429  11 
Transportation and warehousing
16  62,831  10  20  51,347 
Manufacturing 55  56,015  55  60,601 
Educational services 17  44,451  19  46,708 
Retail trade 45  43,724  50  56,012 
Finance and insurance
45  30,094  55  28,313 
Information
23,324  23,948 
Arts, entertainment and recreation
20  22,528  24  25,646 
Accommodation and food services 41  13,981  49  17,167 
Professional, scientific and technical services
34  5,165  37  6,451 
Public administration
12  3,751  11  3,789 
Other
157  64,781  11  162  70,934  10 
Total C&I loans
668  $611,565  100  % 724  $656,397  100  %
Average C&I loan size
$916  $907 
Largest individual C&I loan outstanding
$25,761  $27,676 
Residential Real Estate Loans
The residential real estate loan portfolio represented 47% of total loans at September 30, 2023.

Residential real estate loans held in portfolio amounted to $2.6 billion at September 30, 2023, up by $288.1 million, or 12%, from the balance at December 31, 2022. While total residential real estate loan origination activity has declined from the prior year, a high proportion of loans was originated for portfolio.

The following is a geographic summary of residential real estate loans by property location:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
Massachusetts
$1,940,590  75  % $1,698,240  73  %
Rhode Island 476,152  18  446,010  19 
Connecticut
164,747  153,323 
Subtotal 2,581,489  99  2,297,573  99 
All other states 29,611  25,429 
Total (1)
$2,611,100  100  % $2,323,002  100  %
(1)Includes residential mortgage loans purchased from and serviced by other financial institutions totaling $54.4 million and $59.9 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Residential real estate loans are originated both for sale to the secondary market as well as for retention in the Bank’s loan portfolio. We also originate residential real estate loans for various investors in a broker capacity, including conventional mortgages and reverse mortgages.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
The table below presents residential real estate loan origination activity:
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Amount % of Total Amount % of Total Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
Originations for retention in portfolio (1)
$161,603  67  % $225,132  74  % $420,065  70  % $653,295  71  %
Originations for sale to the secondary market (2)
78,339  33  77,242  26  184,097  30  270,320  29 
Total $239,942  100  % $302,374  100  % $604,162  100  % $923,615  100  %
(1)Includes the full commitment amount of homeowner construction loans.
(2)Includes brokered loans (loans originated for others).

The table below presents residential real estate loan sales activity:
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Nine Months
Periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Amount % of Total Amount % of Total Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
Loans sold with servicing rights retained $34,046  38  % $34,659  46  % $79,887  44  % $72,764  26  %
Loans sold with servicing rights released (1)
54,575  62  40,665  54  102,625  56  212,429  74 
Total $88,621  100  % $75,324  100  % $182,512  100  % $285,193  100  %
(1)Includes brokered loans (loans originated for others).

On a year-to-date basis, residential real estate loan origination, refinancing and sales activity decreased in response to increases in market interest rates and changes in the housing markets.

We have active relationships with various secondary market investors that purchase residential real estate loans we originate. In addition to managing our interest rate risk position and earnings through the sale of these loans, we are also able to manage our liquidity position through timely sales of residential real estate loans to the secondary market.

Loans are sold with servicing retained or released. Loans sold with servicing rights retained result in the capitalization of servicing rights. Loan servicing rights are included in other assets and are subsequently amortized as an offset to mortgage banking revenues over the estimated period of servicing. The net balance of capitalized servicing rights amounted to $8.8 million and $9.0 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The balance of residential mortgage loans serviced for others, which are not included in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, amounted to $1.5 billion as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Consumer Loans
Consumer loans include home equity loans and lines of credit and personal installment loans. Home equity lines of credit and home equity loans represented 94% of the total consumer portfolio at September 30, 2023. Our home equity line and home equity loan origination activities are conducted primarily in southern New England. The Bank estimates that approximately 55% of the combined home equity lines of credit and home equity loan balances are first lien positions or subordinate to other Washington Trust mortgages.

The consumer loan portfolio totaled $325.1 million at September 30, 2023, up by $23.6 million, or 8%, from December 31, 2022, largely reflecting increases in home equity lines and loans. Purchased consumer loans, consisting of loans to individuals secured by general aviation aircraft, amounted to $13.7 million and $9.6 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Asset Quality
The Corporation continually monitors the asset quality of the loan portfolio using all available information.

In the course of resolving problem loans, the Corporation may choose to modify the contractual terms of certain loans. As disclosed in Note 2, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated the accounting guidance for TDRs and added enhanced disclosures with respect to certain modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Effective January 1, 2023, a loan that has been modified is considered a TLM when the modification is made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty and the modification has a direct impact to the contractual cash flows. The decision to modify a loan, versus aggressively enforcing the collection of the loan, may benefit the Corporation by increasing the ultimate probability of collection. See Note 4 for additional information regarding TLMs.

Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans and OREO.

The following table presents nonperforming assets and additional asset quality data:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Commercial:
Commercial real estate $22,609  $— 
Commercial & industrial 696  — 
Total commercial
23,305  — 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate 9,446  11,894 
Consumer:
Home equity 901  952 
Other —  — 
Total consumer
901  952 
Total nonaccrual loans 33,652  12,846 
OREO, net
683  — 
Total nonperforming assets $34,335  $12,846 
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.48  % 0.19  %
Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.60  % 0.25  %
Total past due loans to total loans 0.17  % 0.23  %
Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans 0.72  % 0.74  %
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due $—  $— 

Nonaccrual Loans
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Corporation made no changes in its practices or policies concerning the placement of loans into nonaccrual status.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
The following table presents the activity in nonaccrual loans:
(Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months
For the periods ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022
Balance at beginning of period $10,407  $12,414  $12,846  $14,203 
Additions to nonaccrual status 25,088  521  28,258  1,106 
Loans returned to accruing status (197) (400) (1,636) (699)
Loans charged-off (44) (63) (157) (122)
Loans transferred to other real estate owned —  —  (683) — 
Payments, payoffs and other changes (1,602) (350) (4,976) (2,366)
Balance at end of period $33,652  $12,122  $33,652  $12,122 

The following table presents additional detail on nonaccrual loans:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Days Past Due Days Past Due
Over 90 Under 90 Total
% (1)
Over 90 Under 90 Total
% (1)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate $—  $22,609  $22,609  1.10  % $—  $—  $—  —  %
Commercial & industrial —  696  696  0.11  —  —  —  — 
Total commercial
—  23,305  23,305  0.87  —  —  —  — 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate
1,434  8,012  9,446  0.36  3,779  8,115  11,894  0.51 
Consumer:
Home equity 40  861  901  0.29  —  952  952  0.33 
Other —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total consumer 40  861  901  0.28  —  952  952  0.32 
Total nonaccrual loans $1,474  $32,178  $33,652  0.60  % $3,779  $9,067  $12,846  0.25  %
(1)    Percentage of nonaccrual loans to the total loans outstanding within the respective loan class.

There were no significant commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023, the composition of nonaccrual loans was 69% commercial and 31% residential and consumer. This compared to 100% residential and consumer as of December 31, 2022.

Total nonaccrual loans increased by $20.8 million from the end of 2022.

Nonaccrual commercial loans increased by $23.3 million from the balance at December 31, 2022, primarily due to two CRE loans that were placed on nonaccrual status in the third quarter of 2023. As of September 30, 2023, the balance of nonaccrual CRE loans was secured by income-producing properties in Connecticut. Included in nonaccrual CRE loans at September 30, 2023 was a well-secured collateral dependent loan with a carrying value of $14.0 million that was modified as a TLM in the third quarter of 2023. The contractual maturity of the loan was extended by 9 months.

Nonaccrual residential real estate mortgage loans decreased by $2.4 million from the end of 2022. As of September 30, 2023, the balance of nonaccrual residential mortgage loans was predominately secured by properties in Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Included in total nonaccrual residential real estate loans at September 30, 2023 were four loans purchased for portfolio and serviced by others amounting to $1.2 million.  Management monitors the collection efforts of its third-party servicers as part of its assessment of the collectability of nonperforming loans.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Past Due Loans
The following table presents past due loans by category:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Amount
% (1)
Amount
% (1)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate $—  —  % $1,187  0.06  %
Commercial & industrial —  265  0.04 
Total commercial —  1,452  0.06 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate 7,785  0.30  8,875  0.38 
Consumer:
Home equity 1,925  0.63  1,235  0.43 
Other 19  0.10  16  0.10 
Total consumer 1,944  0.60  1,251  0.42 
Total past due loans $9,733  0.17  % $11,578  0.23  %
(1)Percentage of past due loans to the total loans outstanding within the respective loan class.

As of September 30, 2023, the composition of past due loans (loans past due 30 days or more) was 100% residential and consumer and 0% commercial, compared to 87% residential and consumer and 13% commercial at December 31, 2022.

Total past due loans decreased by $1.8 million from the end of 2022.

Total past due loans included $5.7 million of nonaccrual loans as of September 30, 2023, compared to $7.2 million as of December 31, 2022.

All loans 90 days or more past due at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were classified as nonaccrual.

Potential Problem Loans
The Corporation classifies certain loans as “substandard,” “doubtful,” or “loss” based on criteria consistent with guidelines provided by banking regulators.  Potential problem loans include classified accruing commercial loans that were less than 90 days past due at September 30, 2023 and other loans for which known information about possible credit problems of the related borrowers causes management to have doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with the present loan repayment terms and which may result in disclosure of such loans as nonperforming at some time in the future.

Potential problem loans are not included in the amounts of nonaccrual loans presented above.  They are assessed for loss exposure using the methods described in Note 4 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption “Credit Quality Indicators.” Management cannot predict the extent to which economic conditions or other factors may impact borrowers and the potential problem loans.  Accordingly, there can be no assurance that other loans will not become 90 days or more past due, be placed on nonaccrual, become modified, or require an increased allowance coverage and provision for credit losses on loans.

Management has identified $20.1 million in potential problem loans at September 30, 2023, compared to $927 thousand at December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, the balance of potential problem loans largely consisted of two loans associated with two CRE relationships. At September 30, 2023, these loans were all current with respect to payment terms.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
The ACL on loans is management’s estimate of expected lifetime credit losses on loans carried at amortized cost.  The ACL on loans is established through a provision for credit losses recognized in earnings. The ACL on loans is reduced by charge-offs on loans and is increased by recoveries of amounts previously charged off.

The Corporation’s general practice is to identify problem credits early and recognize full or partial charge-offs as promptly as practicable when it is determined that the collection of loan principal is unlikely. Full or partial charge-offs on collateral dependent individually analyzed loans are recognized when the collateral is deemed to be insufficient to support the carrying value of the loan.
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Management's Discussion and Analysis
The Corporation does not recognize a recovery when new appraisals indicate a subsequent increase in value.

Appraisals are generally obtained with values determined on an “as is” basis from independent appraisal firms for real estate collateral dependent commercial loans in the process of collection or when warranted by other deterioration in the borrower’s credit status. New appraisals are generally obtained for nonaccrual loans or when management believes it is warranted. The Corporation has continued to maintain appropriate professional standards regarding the professional qualifications of appraisers and has an internal review process to monitor the quality of appraisals.

For residential real estate loans and real estate collateral dependent consumer loans that are in the process of collection, valuations are obtained from independent appraisal firms with values determined on an “as is” basis.

The following table presents additional detail on the Corporation’s loan portfolio and associated allowance:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Loans Related Allowance Allowance / Loans Loans Related Allowance Allowance / Loans
Individually analyzed loans $24,437  $596  2.44  % $9,996  $115  1.15  %
Pooled (collectively evaluated) loans 5,586,678  39,617  0.71  5,100,143  37,912  0.74 
Total $5,611,115  $40,213  0.72  % $5,110,139  $38,027  0.74  %

Management employs a process and methodology to estimate the ACL on loans that evaluates both quantitative and qualitative factors. The methodology for evaluating quantitative factors consists of two basic components. The first component involves pooling loans into portfolio segments for loans that share similar risk characteristics. The second component involves individually analyzed loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with loans that are pooled into portfolio segments.

The ACL for individually analyzed loans is measured using a DCF method based upon the loan’s contractual effective interest rate, or at the loan’s observable market price, or, if the loan was collateral dependent, at the fair value of the collateral.

The ACL for pooled loans is measured utilizing a DCF methodology to estimate credit losses for each pooled portfolio segment. The methodology incorporates a probability of default and loss given default framework. Loss given default is estimated based on historical credit loss experience. Probability of default is estimated using a regression model that incorporates econometric factors. Management utilizes forecasted econometric factors with a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period and one-year straight-line reversion period in order to estimate the probability of default for each loan portfolio segment. The DCF methodology combines the probability of default, the loss given default, prepayment speeds and remaining life of the loan to estimate a reserve for each loan. The sum of all the loan level reserves are aggregated for each portfolio segment and a loss rate factor is derived. Quantitative loss factors for pooled loans are also supplemented by certain qualitative risk factors reflecting management’s view of how losses may vary from those represented by quantitative loss rates.

The ACL on loans amounted to $40.2 million at September 30, 2023, up by $2.2 million, or 6%, from the balance at December 31, 2022. The ACL on loans as a percentage of total loans, also known as the reserve coverage ratio, was 0.72% at September 30, 2023, compared to 0.74% at December 31, 2022.

The Corporation recorded a provision for credit losses of $500 thousand and $2.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The provision recognized in 2023 reflected loan growth, changes in asset and credit quality, and our current estimate of forecasted economic conditions. Econometric factors have been relatively stable in 2023 and the forecast also reflects a lower probability of a recession, with an anticipation of a “soft-landing” in the event of an economic slowdown.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Net charge-offs totaled $30 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net charge-offs of $54 thousand for the same period in 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net charge-offs totaled $114 thousand, compared to net recoveries of $104 thousand for the same period in 2022.

The ACL on loans is an estimate and ultimate losses may vary from management’s estimate. Deteriorating conditions or assumptions could lead to further increases in the ACL on loans; conversely, improving conditions or assumptions could lead to further reductions in the ACL on loans.

The following table presents the allocation of the ACL on loans by portfolio segment. The total ACL on loans is available to absorb losses from any segment of the loan portfolio.
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Allocated ACL
ACL to Loans
Loans to Total Portfolio (1)
Allocated ACL
ACL to Loans
Loans to Total Portfolio (1)
Commercial:
Commercial real estate $23,685  1.15  % 37  % $18,435  1.01  % 36  %
Commercial & industrial 8,422  1.38  11  10,356  1.58  13 
Total commercial
32,107  1.20  48  28,791  1.16  49 
Residential Real Estate:
Residential real estate 6,718  0.26  47  7,740  0.33  45 
Consumer:
Home equity 992  0.32  1,115  0.39 
Other 396  2.04  —  381  2.42  — 
Total consumer 1,388  0.43  1,496  0.50 
Total ACL on loans at end of period
$40,213  0.72  % 100  % $38,027  0.74  % 100  %
(1)Percentage of loans outstanding in respective category to total loans outstanding.

Sources of Funds
Our sources of funds include in-market deposits, wholesale brokered deposits, FHLB advances, other borrowings and proceeds from the sales, maturities and payments of loans and investment securities.  The Corporation uses funds to originate and purchase loans, purchase investment securities, conduct operations, expand the branch network and pay dividends to shareholders.

Deposits
The Corporation offers a wide variety of deposit products to consumer and business customers.  Deposits provide an important source of funding for the Bank, as well as an ongoing stream of fee revenue.

The Bank is a participant in the DDM program, ICS program and the CDARS program. The Bank uses these deposit sweep services to place customer and client funds into interest-bearing demand accounts, money market accounts, and/or time deposits issued by other participating banks. Customer and client funds are placed at one or more participating banks to ensure that each deposit customer is eligible for the full amount of FDIC insurance. As a program participant, we receive reciprocal amounts of deposits from other participating banks. We consider these reciprocal deposit balances to be in-market deposits as distinguished from traditional wholesale brokered deposits.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
The following table presents a summary of deposits:
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits $773,261  14  % $858,953  17  %
Interest-bearing demand deposits (in market) 490,217  302,044 
NOW accounts 745,778  14  871,875  17 
Money market accounts 1,111,797  21  1,255,805  25 
Savings accounts 514,526  10  576,250  11 
Time deposits (in-market) 1,111,942  20  795,838  16 
Total in-market deposits 4,747,521  88  4,660,765  92 
Wholesale brokered demand deposits —  —  31,153 
Wholesale brokered time deposits 668,042  12  327,044 
Total wholesale brokered deposits 668,042  12  358,197 
Total deposits $5,415,563  100  % $5,018,962  100  %

Total deposits amounted to $5.4 billion at September 30, 2023, up by $396.6 million, or 8%, from December 31, 2022, with increases in wholesale brokered deposits and in-market deposits.

Wholesale brokered deposits increased by $309.8 million, or 87%, from December 31, 2022, as higher levels were utilized to fund balance sheet growth.

In-market deposits, which exclude wholesale brokered deposits, were up by $86.8 million, or 2%, from the balance at December 31, 2022. As expected, due to higher market interest rates and increased competition, in-market deposits shifted from relatively lower cost products to higher cost products in 2023. As of September 30, 2023, in-market deposits were approximately 59% retail and 41% commercial. Our in-market deposits are well-diversified by industry and customer type. The average size of our in-market deposit accounts was approximately $37 thousand at September 30, 2023.

The following table presents a summary of the Bank’s uninsured deposits:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Balance % of Total Deposits Balance % of Total Deposits
Uninsured Deposits:
Uninsured deposits (1)
$1,339,261  25  % $1,514,900  30  %
Less: affiliate deposits (2)
113,942  210,444 
Uninsured deposits, excluding affiliate deposits 1,225,319  23  1,304,456  26 
Less: fully-collateralized preferred deposits (3)
246,594  329,868 
Uninsured deposits, after exclusions $978,725  18  % $974,588  19  %
(1)Determined in accordance with regulatory reporting requirements, which includes affiliate deposits and fully-collateralized preferred deposits.
(2)    Uninsured deposit balances of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries that are eliminated in consolidation.
(3)    Uninsured deposits of states and political subdivisions, which are secured or collateralized as required by state law.

Borrowings
Borrowings primarily consist of FHLB advances, which are used as a source of funding for liquidity and interest rate risk management purposes. FHLB advances totaled $1.1 billion at September 30, 2023, up by $140.0 million, or 14%, from the balance at the end of 2022, as higher levels were utilized to fund balance sheet growth.

For additional information regarding FHLB advances see Note 9 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity Management
Liquidity is the ability of a financial institution to meet maturing liability obligations and customer loan demand.  The Corporation’s primary source of liquidity is in-market deposits, which funded approximately 67% of total average assets in the nine months ended September 30, 2023.  While the generally preferred funding strategy is to attract and retain low cost deposits, the ability to do so is affected by competitive interest rates and terms in the marketplace.  Other sources of funding include discretionary use of purchased liabilities (e.g., FHLB term advances and brokered deposits), cash flows from the investment securities portfolio and loan repayments.  Securities designated as available for sale may also be sold in response to short-term or long-term liquidity needs, although management has no intention to do so at this time.

The Corporation has a detailed liquidity funding policy and a contingency funding plan that provide for the prompt and comprehensive response to unexpected demands for liquidity. Management employs stress testing methodology to estimate needs for contingent funding that could result from unexpected outflows of funds in excess of “business as usual” cash flows.  In management’s estimation, risks are concentrated in two major categories: (1) runoff of in-market deposit balances; and (2) unexpected drawdown of loan commitments.  Of the two categories, potential runoff of deposit balances would have the most significant impact on contingent liquidity.  Our stress test scenarios, therefore, emphasize attempts to quantify deposits at risk over selected time horizons.  In addition to these unexpected outflow risks, several other “business as usual” factors enter into the calculation of the adequacy of contingent liquidity including: (1) payment proceeds from loans and investment securities; (2) maturing debt obligations; and (3) maturing time deposits.  The Corporation has established collateralized borrowing capacity with the FRBB and also maintains additional collateralized borrowing capacity with the FHLB in excess of levels used in the ordinary course of business. Borrowing capacity is impacted by the amount and type of assets available to be pledged.

The table below presents a summary of contingent liquidity balances by source:
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Contingent Liquidity:
Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (1)
$1,040,792  $668,295 
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (2)
23,777  27,059 
Noninterest-bearing cash 72,001  49,727 
Unencumbered securities 659,713  691,893 
Total contingent liquidity $1,796,283  $1,436,974 
Percentage of total contingent liquidity to uninsured deposits 134.1  % 94.9  %
Percentage of total contingent liquidity to uninsured deposits, after exclusions 183.5  % 147.4  %
(1)As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans with a carrying value of $3.0 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, and securities available for sale with carrying values of $90.0 million and $102.1 million, respectively, were pledged to the FHLB resulting in this additional borrowing capacity.
(2)As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans with a carrying value of $16.3 million and $20.9 million, respectively, and securities available for sale with a carrying value of $13.2 million and $12.7 million, respectively, were pledged to the FRBB for the discount window resulting in this additional unused borrowing capacity.

In addition to the amounts presented above, the Bank also has access to a $40.0 million unused line of credit with the FHLB. Furthermore, $115.0 million of availability was utilized as of September 30, 2023 to collateralize an institutional deposit through a standby letter of credit with the FHLB.

The ALCO establishes and monitors internal liquidity measures to manage liquidity exposure. Liquidity remained within target ranges established by the ALCO during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.  Based on its assessment of the liquidity considerations described above, management believes the Corporation’s sources of funding meet anticipated funding needs.

Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation enters into contractual obligations that require future cash payments. These include payments related to lease obligations, time deposits with stated maturity dates, and borrowings. Also, in the ordinary course of business, the Corporation engages in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not recorded in the financial statements, or are recorded in amounts that differ from the notional amounts.
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Management's Discussion and Analysis
These financial transactions include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, forward loan commitments, loan related derivative contracts and interest rate risk management contracts. These transactions involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit, interest rate and liquidity risk. The Corporation’s credit policies with respect to interest rate contracts with commercial borrowers, commitments to extend credit, and standby letters of credit are similar to those used for loans. Some commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are expected to expire without being drawn upon, and thus, total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Interest rate risk management contracts with other counterparties are generally subject to bilateral collateralization terms. These contracts with various counterparties may subject the Corporation to various cash flow requirements, which may include posting of cash as collateral for arrangements that are in a liability position. For additional information on derivative financial instruments and financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk see Notes 6 and 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Capital Resources
Total shareholders’ equity amounted to $431.4 million at September 30, 2023, down by $22.3 million from December 31, 2022. This decrease included $28.8 million in dividend declarations. In addition, the AOCL component of shareholders' equity decreased by $20.9 million, largely reflecting decreases in the fair value of available for sale debt securities due to changes in market interest rates. The decrease in shareholders’ equity also included a net increase in treasury stock balances of $7.1 million, which included the repurchase of 200,000 shares in January and February at an average price of $43.70 and a total cost of $8.7 million, under the 2023 Repurchase Program. The decreases in shareholder’s equity were partially offset by net income of $35.2 million.

The Corporation declared a quarterly dividend of 56 cents per share for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to 54 cents per share declared for the same period in 2022. On a year-to-date basis, dividend declarations totaled $1.68 per share in 2023, compared to $1.62 in 2022.

The ratio of total equity to total assets was 6.01% at September 30, 2023, compared to a ratio of 6.81% at December 31, 2022.  Book value per share was $25.35 at September 30, 2023, compared to $26.40 at December 31, 2022.

The Bancorp and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements and are considered “well capitalized” with the Bancorp having a total risk-based capital ratio of 11.48% at September 30, 2023, compared to 12.37% at December 31, 2022.

See Note 10 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion regarding shareholders’ equity.

Asset/Liability Management and Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk of loss to future earnings due to changes in interest rates. The ALCO is responsible for establishing policy guidelines on liquidity and acceptable exposure to interest rate risk. Quarterly, the ALCO reports on the status of liquidity and interest rate risk matters to the Audit Committee. The objective of the ALCO is to manage assets and funding sources to produce results that are consistent with the Corporation’s liquidity, capital adequacy, growth, risk and profitability goals.

The Corporation utilizes the size and duration of the investment securities portfolio, the size and duration of the wholesale funding portfolio, interest rate contracts and the pricing and structure of loans and deposits, to manage interest rate risk. The interest rate contracts may include interest rate swaps, caps and floors. These interest rate contracts involve, to varying degrees, credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the possibility that a loss may occur if a counterparty to a transaction fails to perform according to terms of the contract. The notional amount of the interest rate contracts is the amount upon which interest and other payments are based. The notional amount is not exchanged, and therefore, should not be taken as a measure of credit risk. See Notes 6 and 16 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The ALCO uses income simulation to measure interest rate risk inherent in the Corporation’s financial instruments at a given point in time by showing the effect of interest rate shifts on net interest income over a 12-month horizon, a 13- to 24-month horizon and a 60-month horizon. The simulations assume that the size and general composition of the Corporation’s balance sheet remain static over the simulation horizons, with the exception of certain deposit mix shifts from low cost savings to higher cost time deposits in selected interest rate scenarios. Additionally, the simulations take into account the specific repricing, maturity, call options, and prepayment characteristics of differing financial instruments that may vary under different interest rate scenarios.
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Management's Discussion and Analysis
The characteristics of financial instrument classes are reviewed periodically by the ALCO to ensure their accuracy and consistency.

The ALCO reviews simulation results to determine whether the Corporation’s exposure to a decline in net interest income remains within established tolerance levels over the simulation horizons and to develop appropriate strategies to manage this exposure.  As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, net interest income simulations indicated that exposure to changing interest rates over the simulation horizons remained within tolerance levels established by the Corporation. All changes are measured in comparison to the projected net interest income that would result from an “unchanged” rate scenario where both interest rates and the composition of the Corporation’s balance sheet remain stable for a 60-month period.  In addition to measuring the change in net interest income as compared to an unchanged rate scenario, the ALCO also measures the trend of both net interest income and NIM over a 60-month horizon to ensure the stability and adequacy of this source of earnings in different interest rate scenarios.

The ALCO regularly reviews a wide variety of interest rate shift scenario results to evaluate interest rate risk exposure, including scenarios showing the effect of steepening or flattening changes in the yield curve of up to 500 basis points, as well as parallel changes in interest rates of up to 400 basis points.  Because income simulations assume that the Corporation’s balance sheet will remain static over the simulation horizon, the results do not reflect adjustments in strategy that the ALCO could implement in response to rate shifts.

The following table sets forth the estimated change in net interest income from an unchanged rate scenario over the periods indicated for parallel changes in market interest rates using the Corporation’s on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.  Interest rates are assumed to shift by a parallel 100, 200 or 300 basis points upward, as well as 100 or 200 basis points downward over a 12-month period, except for savings deposits, which are assumed to shift by lesser amounts due to their relative historical insensitivity to market interest rate movements.  Since market interest rates have risen sharply, management incorporated the down 200 basis point scenario into the tabular presentation below. Further, deposits are assumed to have certain minimum rate levels below which they will not fall.  It should be noted that the rate scenarios shown do not necessarily reflect the ALCO’s view of the “most likely” change in interest rates over the periods indicated.
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Months 1 - 12 Months 13 - 24 Months 1 - 12 Months 13 - 24
100 basis point rate decrease (3.41) % (0.79  %) (1.09) % 1.55  %
200 basis point rate decrease (6.88) (2.23) (4.17) (5.21)
100 basis point rate increase 1.07  (5.02) (0.78) (5.45)
200 basis point rate increase 4.76  (5.59) 0.35  (7.65)
300 basis point rate increase 8.56  (6.20) 1.42  (10.07)

The relative change in interest rate sensitivity from December 31, 2022, as shown in the above table, was attributable to changes in balance sheet composition and market rates, as well as the March 31, 2023 termination of an interest rate swap contract that was designated as a cash flow hedge to hedge the risk associated with a pool of variable rate commercial loans. This receive-fixed, pay-floating interest rate swap previously mitigated exposure to declining rates and reduced positive exposure to rising rates. See Note 6 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the termination.

As of September 30, 2023, the ALCO estimates that negative exposure of net interest income to falling rates as compared to an unchanged rate scenario results from a more rapid decline in earning asset yields compared to rates paid on deposits.  If market interest rates were to fall and remain lower for a sustained period, certain savings and time deposit rates could decline more slowly and by a lesser amount than other market interest rates.  For simulation purposes, deposit rate changes are anticipated to lag behind other market interest rates in both timing and magnitude.  Asset yields would likely decline more rapidly than deposit costs as current asset holdings mature or reprice, since cash flow from mortgage-related prepayments and redemption of callable securities would increase as market interest rates fall. The negative exposure in down rate scenarios reflects the insensitivity of certain deposit rates to market interest rate declines as they approach their floors.

As of September 30, 2023, the positive exposure of net interest income in Year 1 to rising rates as compared to an unchanged rate scenario results from a more rapid projected relative rate of increase in asset yields than funding costs over the near term.
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Management's Discussion and Analysis
For simulation purposes, deposit rate changes are anticipated to lag behind other market interest rates in both timing and magnitude. The negative exposure to rising rates in Year 2 is due to a higher level of longer-term fixed rate assets, as well as larger proportion of wholesale funds to total sources of funds. Fixed rate assets would not reprice upward in a rising rate environment. Wholesale funds generally would reprice more quickly and by a greater amount than the repricing of in-market deposits in response to changes in market interest rates. As market rates increase, ALCO modeling assumes that deposits shift from low cost to higher cost deposits. This assumption reflects historical operating conditions in rising rate cycles. Although asset yields would increase in a rising interest rate environment, the cumulative impact of relative growth in rate-sensitive higher cost deposit categories and wholesale funds suggests that the increase in the Corporation’s cost of funds could result in a relative decline in net interest income in Year 2 compared to an unchanged rate scenario.

While the ALCO reviews and updates simulation assumptions and also periodically back-tests the simulation results to ensure that the assumptions are reasonable and current, income simulation may not always prove to be an accurate indicator of interest rate risk or future NIM.  Over time, the repricing, maturity and prepayment characteristics of financial instruments and the composition of the Corporation’s balance sheet may change to a different degree than estimated.  Simulation modeling assumes a static balance sheet, with the exception of certain modeled deposit mix shifts from low cost savings deposits to higher cost time deposits in rising rate scenarios as noted above.

As part of its policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the Federal Reserve reduced its target range for the Fed Funds rate to 0% - 0.25%. This, and various Federal stimulus programs, had the effect of attracting low cost deposits across the banking industry. During 2022 and into 2023, the Federal Reserve reversed policy and increased the target range to 5.25% - 5.50% as of September 30, 2023. This policy change has resulted in higher rates on existing deposit products and a shift of low cost balances into higher cost alternatives, which could continue into the future, particularly if interest rates continue to rise. As such, the ALCO has modeled deposit shifts out of these low cost categories into higher cost alternatives in the rising rate simulation scenarios presented above. Deposit balances may also be subject to possible outflow to non-bank alternatives in a rising rate environment, as well as due to heightened uncertainty in the banking industry. This may cause interest rate sensitivity to differ from the results as presented. Another significant simulation assumption is the sensitivity of savings deposits to fluctuations in interest rates. Income simulation results assume that changes in both savings deposit rates and balances are related to changes in short-term interest rates. The relationship between short-term interest rate changes and deposit rate and balance changes may differ from the ALCO’s estimates used in income simulation.

It should also be noted that the static balance sheet assumption does not necessarily reflect the Corporation’s expectation for future balance sheet growth, which is a function of the business environment and customer behavior.

Mortgage-backed securities and residential real estate loans involve a level of risk that unforeseen changes in prepayment speeds may cause related cash flows to vary significantly in differing rate environments.  Such changes could affect the level of reinvestment risk associated with cash flow from these instruments, as well as their market value.  Changes in prepayment speeds could also increase or decrease the amortization of premium or accretion of discounts related to such instruments, thereby affecting interest income.

The Corporation also monitors the potential change in market value of its available for sale debt securities in changing interest rate environments.  The purpose is to determine market value exposure that may not be captured by income simulation, but which might result in changes to the Corporation’s capital position.  Results are calculated using industry-standard analytical techniques and securities data.

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Management's Discussion and Analysis
The following table summarizes the potential change in market value of the Corporation’s available for sale debt securities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 resulting from immediate parallel rate shifts:
(Dollars in thousands)
Security Type Down 100 Basis Points Up 200 Basis Points
U.S. government-sponsored enterprise securities (callable) $9,104  ($17,269)
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
52,864  (97,780)
Trust preferred debt and other corporate debt securities 10  (32)
Total change in market value as of September 30, 2023 $61,978  ($115,081)
Total change in market value as of December 31, 2022 $63,712  ($125,079)

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Estimates and assumptions are necessary in the application of certain accounting policies and procedures and can be susceptible to significant change. Critical accounting policies are defined as those that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the Corporation’s financial condition or results of operations.

Management considers its accounting policy relating to the ACL on loans to be a critical accounting policy. There have been no material changes in the Corporation’s critical accounting policies and estimates from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on the Corporation’s financial statements.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Information regarding quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk appears under Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” under the caption “Asset/Liability Management and Interest Rate Risk.”

For factors that could adversely impact Washington Trust’s future results of operations and financial condition, see Part II, Item 1A below and the section labeled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as updated by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings submitted to the SEC.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, the Corporation carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s management, including the Corporation’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the period ended September 30, 2023.  Based upon that evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective and designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Corporation’s management including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.  The Corporation will continue to review and document its disclosure controls and procedures and consider such changes in future evaluations of the effectiveness of such controls and procedures, as it deems appropriate.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in the Corporation’s internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II.  Other Information

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings
The Corporation is involved in various claims and legal proceedings arising out of the ordinary course of business.  Management is of the opinion, based on its review with counsel of the development of such matters to date, that the ultimate disposition of such matters will not materially affect the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Corporation.


Item 1A.  Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on February 23, 2023 and Part II. Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on May 4, 2023.


Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.

Item 5.  Other Information
Insider Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended September 30, 2023, none of the Corporation’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

By-laws Amendment
On November 6, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved amended and restated by-laws of the Corporation (the “Amended and Restated By-laws”). The Amended and Restated By-laws include amendments to Section 3.04, Section 3.06 and Article VIII in order to (i) set the earliest date on which the Corporation may provide notice of a stockholders meeting at 60 days, consistent with applicable law, (ii) revise the vote standard to clarify what exceptions apply to approval of matters at a stockholders meeting by the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the subject matter, and (iii) clarify the indemnification scope and procedures for the Corporation’s directors, officers and employees. The foregoing summary description of the Amended and Restated By-laws is not intended to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Amended and Restated By-laws, a copy of which is included as Exhibit 3.5 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 6.  Exhibits
(a) Exhibits.  The following exhibits are included as part of this Form 10-Q:
Exhibit Number
101 The following materials from Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) related Notes to these consolidated financial statements.
104 The cover page from the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 has been formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.
(1)These certifications are not “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act.
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Signatures


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

WASHINGTON TRUST BANCORP, INC.
(Registrant)
Date: November 6, 2023 By: /s/ Edward O. Handy III
Edward O. Handy III
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
Date: November 6, 2023 By: /s/ Ronald S. Ohsberg
Ronald S. Ohsberg
Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(principal financial officer)
Date: November 6, 2023 By: /s/ Maria N. Janes
Maria N. Janes
Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
(principal accounting officer)
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EX-3.5 2 exhibit3510q2023q3.htm EX-3.5 TO FORM 10-Q 9-30-2023 Document

EXHIBIT 3.5
















AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS


















Adopted as of November 6, 2023


________________________________________________

Kristen L. DiSanto, Corporate Secretary
________________________________________________







TABLE OF CONTENTS
ARTICLE I: ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND PROVISIONS OF LAW 1
ARTICLE II: OFFICES 1
SECTION 2.01. Principal Office 1
SECTION 2.02. Other Offices 1
ARTICLE III: MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS 1
SECTION 3.01. Place of Meetings 1
SECTION 3.02. Annual Meetings 1
SECTION 3.03. Special Meetings 2
SECTION 3.04. Notice of Meetings 2
SECTION 3.05. Quorum 2
SECTION 3.06. Voting 3
ARTICLE IV: BOARD OF DIRECTORS 3
SECTION 4.01. General Powers 3
SECTION 4.02. Number and Qualifications 3
SECTION 4.03. Classes, Election and Term 3
SECTION 4.04. Quorum and Manner of Acting 3
SECTION 4.05. Place of Meetings 4
SECTION 4.06. Annual Meeting 4
SECTION 4.07. Regular Meetings 4
SECTION 4.08. Special Meetings; Notice. 4
SECTION 4.09. Presumption of Assent. 4
SECTION 4.10. Virtual Meetings. 4
SECTION 4.11. Removal of Directors. 5
SECTION 4.12. Resignation. 5
SECTION 4.13. Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships. 5
SECTION 4.14. Compensation. 5
ARTICLE V: COMMITTEES 5
SECTION 5.01. Appointment. 5
SECTION 5.02. Authority. 5
SECTION 5.03. Tenure and Qualifications. 6
SECTION 5.04. Meetings. 6
SECTION 5.05. Virtual Meetings. 6
SECTION 5.06. Quorum. 6
SECTION 5.07. Vacancies. 6
SECTION 5.08. Resignations and Removal. 7
SECTION 5.09. Procedure. 7
SECTION 5.10. Other Board Committees. 7
ARTICLE VI: WAIVER OF NOTICE; WRITTEN CONSENT 7
SECTION 6.01. Waiver of Notice. 7
SECTION 6.02. Written Consent of Directors. 7



ARTICLE VII: OFFICERS 8
SECTION 7.01. Number. 8
SECTION 7.02. Election, Qualifications and Term of Office. 8
SECTION 7.03. Removal. 8
SECTION 7.04. Resignation. 8
SECTION 7.05. Vacancies. 8
SECTION 7.06. Chairman of the Board. 8
SECTION 7.07. The President. 9
SECTION 7.08. The Vice Presidents. 9
SECTION 7.09. The Secretary. 9
SECTION 7.10. The Assistant Secretaries. 9
SECTION 7.11. The Treasurer. 9
SECTION 7.12. The Assistant Treasurers. 10
SECTION 7.13. General Powers. 10
SECTION 7.14. Bonding. 10
ARTICLE VIII: INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS 10
SECTION 8.01. Definitions. 10
SECTION 8.02. Indemnification of Directors and Officers. 11
SECTION 8.03. Indemnification of Non-Officer Employees. 12
SECTION 8.04. Determination. 13
SECTION 8.05. Advancement of Expenses to Directors Prior to Final Disposition. 13
SECTION 8.06. Advancement of Expenses to Officers and Non-Officer Employees Prior to Final Disposition. 14
SECTION 8.07. Contractual Nature of Rights. 14
SECTION 8.08. Non-Exclusivity of Rights. 15
SECTION 8.09. Insurance. 15
SECTION 8.10. Other Indemnification. 15
SECTION 8.11. Savings Clause 16
ARTICLE IX: EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS 16
SECTION 9.01. Contract, etc., How Executed. 16
SECTION 9.02. Checks, Drafts, etc. 16
ARTICLE X: BOOKS AND RECORDS 17
SECTION 10.01. Place. 17
SECTION 10.02. Addresses of Stockholders. 17
ARTICLE XI: SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER 17
SECTION 11.01. Certificates for Shares. 17
SECTION 11.02. Record. 17
SECTION 11.03. Transfer of Shares. 17
SECTION 11.04. Closing of Transfer Books; Record Dates. 18
SECTION 11.05. Lost, Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates. 18
ARTICLE XII: SEAL 18



ARTICLE XIII: FISCAL YEAR 18
ARTICLE XIV: AMENDMENTS 19




ARTICLE I: ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND PROVISIONS OF LAW

These by-laws, the powers of the Corporation and of its directors and stockholders and all matters concerning the conduct and regulation of the business of the Corporation shall be subject to such provisions in regard thereto, if any, as are provided by law or set forth in the Articles of Incorporation. All references herein to the Articles of Incorporation shall be construed to mean the Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation as from time to time amended.


ARTICLE II: OFFICES

SECTION 2.01. Principal Office.
The principal office of the Corporation shall be located in Westerly, Rhode Island or such other place within or without the State of Rhode Island as may be determined by the Board of Directors from time to time.

SECTION 2.02. Other Offices.
The Corporation may also have an office or offices at such other place or places either within or without the State of Rhode Island as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.


ARTICLE III: MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

SECTION 3.01. Place of Meetings.
All meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation or at such other place, within or without the State of Rhode Island, as shall be fixed by the Board of Directors and specified in the respective notices or waivers of notice of said meetings.

SECTION 3.02. Annual Meetings.
The annual meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting shall be held at eleven o’clock in the morning, local time, on the fourth Tuesday in April each year, if not a legal holiday, and, if a legal holiday, then on the next succeeding business day not a legal holiday. With respect to the annual meeting for any particular year the Board of Directors may, by resolution, fix a different day, time or place (within or without the State of Rhode Island) for the annual meeting. If such annual meeting is omitted by oversight or otherwise on the day herein provided therefor, a special meeting may be held in place thereof, and any business transacted or elections held at such special meeting shall have the same effect as if transacted or held at the annual meeting. The purposes for which an annual meeting is to be held, in addition to those prescribed by law or these by-laws, may be specified by a majority of the Board of Directors, the President or the Chairman of the Board or a stockholder or stockholders holding of record at least thirty-three and one-third percent (33-1/3%) in voting power of the outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting.

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SECTION 3.03. Special Meetings.
A special meeting of the stockholders for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute, may be called at any time by the President or the Chairman of the Board, by order of the Board of Directors or by a stockholder or stockholders holding of record at least thirty-three and one-third percent (33-1/3%) in voting power of the outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting.

SECTION 3.04. Notice of Meetings.
Notice of each meeting of the stockholders shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting at least ten (10) days but not more than sixty (60) days before the day on which the meeting is to be held. Such notice shall be given by delivering a written or printed notice thereof personally or by mail. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at the post office address of such stockholder as it appears upon the stock record books of the Corporation, or at such other address as such stockholder shall have provided to the Corporation for such purpose. No publication of any notice of a meeting of stockholders shall be required. Every such notice shall state the time and place of the meeting, and, in case of a special meeting, shall state the purpose or purposes thereof. Notice of any meeting of stockholders shall not be required to be given to any stockholder who shall attend such meeting in person or by proxy or who shall waive notice thereof in the manner hereinafter provided. Notice of any adjourned meeting of the stockholders shall not be required to be given.

SECTION 3.05. Quorum.
At each meeting of the stockholders, a majority of the outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the shares so represented at such meeting, or, in the absence of all the stockholders entitled to vote, any officer entitled to preside or to act as secretary at such meeting, may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice. At any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. The absence from any meeting of stockholders holding a sufficient number of shares required for action on any given matter shall not prevent action at such meeting upon any other matter or matters which properly come before the meeting, if stockholders holding a sufficient number of shares required for action on such other matter or matters shall be present. The stockholders present or represented at any duly organized meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.


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SECTION 3.06. Voting.
Each stockholder of the Corporation shall, whether the voting is by one or more classes voting separately or by two or more classes voting as one class, be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the Corporation registered in the name of such stockholder on the books of the Corporation. The Corporation shall not vote directly or indirectly any shares held in its own name. Any vote of shares may be given by the stockholder entitled to vote such shares in person or by proxy appointed by an instrument in writing. At all meetings of the stockholders at which a quorum is present (except where other provision is made by law, including the election of directors, the Articles of Incorporation or by these by-laws), the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the subject matter is the act of the stockholders.


ARTICLE IV: BOARD OF DIRECTORS

SECTION 4.01. General Powers.
The property, affairs and business of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board of Directors, and the Board shall have, and may exercise, all of the powers of the Corporation, except such as are conferred by these by-laws upon the stockholders.

SECTION 4.02. Number and Qualifications.
(a) The number of directors to constitute the Board of Directors shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Article EIGHTH of the Articles of Incorporation.

(b) No person who shall have reached his or her seventy-second (72nd) birthday shall be eligible for election or reelection as a member of the Board of Directors.

SECTION 4.03. Classes, Election and Term.
The Board of Directors shall be divided into three classes, shall be elected and shall serve terms in accordance with the provisions of Article EIGHTH of the Articles of Incorporation.

SECTION 4.04. Quorum and Manner of Acting.
A majority of the total number of directors at the time in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting, and except as otherwise provided by the Articles of Incorporation or these by-laws, the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the directors present may adjourn any meeting from time to time without further notice until a quorum be had. The directors shall act only as a Board, and the individual directors shall have no power as such.

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SECTION 4.05. Place of Meetings.
The Board of Directors may hold its meetings at any place within or without the State of Rhode Island as it may from time to time determine or shall be specified or fixed in the respective notices or waivers of notice thereof.

SECTION 4.06. Annual Meeting.
The Board of Directors shall meet for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business, as soon as practicable after each annual election of directors on the same day and at the same place at which such election of directors was held. Notice of such meeting need not be given. Such meeting may be held at any other time or place which shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors or in a consent and waiver of notice thereof signed by all the directors.

SECTION 4.07. Regular Meetings.
Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such places and at such times as the Board shall from time to time by vote determine. If any day fixed for a regular meeting shall be a legal holiday at the place where the meeting is to be held, then the meeting which would otherwise be held on that day shall be held at the same hour on the next succeeding business day not a legal holiday. Notice of regular meetings need not be given.

SECTION 4.08. Special Meetings; Notice.
Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held whenever called by the President or Chairman of the Board or by not less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the members of the Board of Directors. Notice of each such meeting shall be given by, or at the order of, the Secretary or the person calling the meeting to each director by mailing the same addressed to the director’s residence or usual place of business, or personally by delivery or by telegraph, cable or telephone, at least two (2) days before the day on which the meeting is to be held. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered two (2) days following being deposited in the mail, with postage prepaid thereon. Every such notice shall state the time and place of the meeting but need not state the purpose thereof except as otherwise in these by-laws expressly provided.

SECTION 4.09. Presumption of Assent.
A director of the Corporation who is present at a meeting of the Board of Directors at which action on any corporate matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken unless his dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless he shall file his written dissent to such action with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall forward such dissent by registered mail to the Secretary of the Corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a director who voted in favor of such action.

SECTION 4.10. Virtual Meetings.
Meetings of the Board of Directors, regular or special, may be held by means of video or telephone conference circuit or similar communications equipment and connection to such circuit or equipment shall constitute presence at such meeting.
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SECTION 4.11. Removal of Directors.
Any one or more directors may be removed at any time, but only in accordance with the provisions of Article EIGHTH of the Articles of Incorporation.

SECTION 4.12. Resignation.
(a) Any director of the Corporation who reaches his or her seventy-second birthday while serving as a director shall be required to resign from the Board of Directors as of the next Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Corporation following such director’s seventy-second birthday.

(b) Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors, to the Chairman of the Board or to the President or to the Secretary of the Corporation. The resignation of any director shall take effect at the time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

SECTION 4.13. Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships.
Vacancies and newly created directorships shall be filled only in accordance with the provisions of Article EIGHTH of the Articles of Incorporation.

SECTION 4.14. Compensation.
Each director, other than employee directors, in consideration of his serving as such, shall be entitled to receive from the Corporation such amount per annum or such fees for attendance at directors’ meetings, or both, as the Board of Directors shall from time to time determine, together with reimbursement for the reasonable expenses incurred by him in connection with the performance of his duties; provided that nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation or its subsidiaries in any other capacity and receiving proper compensation therefor.


ARTICLE V: COMMITTEES

SECTION 5.01. Appointment.
The Board of Directors may designate three or more of its members to constitute an Executive Committee, a majority of which shall be non-employee directors. The designation of such committee and the delegation thereto of authority shall not operate to relieve the Board of Directors, or any member thereof, of any responsibility imposed by law.

SECTION 5.02. Authority.
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Except as otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, the Executive Committee, when the Board of Directors is not in session, shall have and may exercise all of the authority of the Board of Directors except to the extent, if any, that such authority shall be limited by the resolution appointing the Executive Committee and except also that the Executive Committee shall not have the authority of the Board of Directors in reference to amending the Articles of Incorporation, adopting a plan of merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the property and assets of the Corporation otherwise than in the usual and regular course of its business, recommending to the stockholders a voluntary dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation thereof, increasing the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors, filling any vacancies or newly created directorships on the Board of Directors, removing or electing any officer of the Corporation or amending the by-laws of the Corporation.

SECTION 5.03. Tenure and Qualifications.
Each member of the Executive Committee shall hold office until the next regular annual meeting of the Board of Directors following designation and until a successor is designated as a member of the Executive Committee and is elected and qualified or until the death or resignation or removal of such member in the manner herein provided.

SECTION 5.04. Meetings.
Regular meetings of the Executive Committee may be held without notice at such times and places as the Executive Committee may fix from time to time by resolution. Special meetings of the Executive Committee may be called by any member thereof upon not less than two (2) days’ notice stating the place, date and hour of the meeting, which notice may be written or oral, and if mailed, shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the member of the Executive Committee at such member’s business address. Any member of the Executive Committee may waive notice of any meeting and no notice of any meeting need be given to any member thereof who attends in person. The notice of a meeting of the Executive Committee need not state the business proposed to be transacted at the meeting.

SECTION 5.05. Virtual Meetings.
Committee may be held by means of video or telephone conference circuit or similar communications equipment and connection to such circuit or equipment shall constitute attendance at such meeting.

SECTION 5.06. Quorum.
A majority of the members of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting thereof, and action of the Executive Committee shall be authorized by the affirmative vote of a majority of the members present at a meeting at which a quorum is present.

SECTION 5.07. Vacancies.
Any vacancy in the Executive Committee may be filled by a resolution adopted by a majority of the full Board of Directors.


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SECTION 5.08. Resignations and Removal.
Any member of the Executive Committee may be removed at any time with or without cause by the Board of Directors. Any member of the Executive Committee may resign from the Executive Committee at any time by giving written notice to the President, Chairman of the Board or Secretary of the Corporation, and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

SECTION 5.09. Procedure.
The Executive Committee may elect a presiding officer from its members and may fix its own rules of procedure which shall not be inconsistent with these by-laws. It shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings and report the same to the Board of Directors for its information at the meeting thereof held next after the proceedings shall have been taken.

SECTION 5.10. Other Board Committees.
The Board of Directors may from time to time, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, designate one or more committees in addition to the Executive Committee, each committee to consist of three or more of the directors of the Corporation. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution or in the by-laws of the Corporation, shall have and may exercise the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation.

A majority of all the members of any such committee may determine its action and fix the time and place of its meetings, unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide. The Board of Directors shall have power to change the members of any committee at any time, to fill vacancies and to discharge any such committee, either with or without cause, at any time.


ARTICLE VI: WAIVER OF NOTICE; WRITTEN CONSENT

SECTION 6.01. Waiver of Notice.
Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting of the stockholders, Board of Directors or any committee of the Board of Directors may be waived in writing by any stockholder or director either before or after such meeting. Attendance in person, or in case of a meeting of the stockholders, by proxy, at a meeting of the stockholders, Board of Directors or committee shall be deemed to constitute a waiver of notice thereof.

SECTION 6.02. Written Consent of Directors.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or these by-laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so to be taken, shall be signed before or after such action by all of the directors, or all of the members of such committee, as the case may be. Such written consent shall be filed with the records of the Corporation.


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ARTICLE VII: OFFICERS

SECTION 7.01. Number.
The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, one or more Vice Presidents (the number thereof and variations in title to be determined by the Board of Directors), a Secretary, a Treasurer, and such other officers as the Board of Directors may from time to time appoint, including a Chairman of the Board, one or more Assistant Secretaries and one or more Assistant Treasurers. One person may hold the offices and perform the duties of any two or more of said officers.

SECTION 7.02. Election, Qualifications and Term of Office.
Each officer shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors, or from time to time to fill any vacancy, and shall hold office until a successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, or until the death, resignation or removal of such officer in the manner hereinafter provided.

SECTION 7.03. Removal.
Any officer may be removed by the vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors at a special meeting called for the purpose, whenever in the judgment of the Board of Directors the best interests of the Corporation will be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the officer so removed. Election or appointment of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights.

SECTION 7.04. Resignation.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors, to the Chairman of the Board or to the President or the Secretary. Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein; and unless otherwise specified therein the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

SECTION 7.05. Vacancies.
A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled for the unexpired portion of the term by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting.

SECTION 7.06. Chairman of the Board.
The Board of Directors may annually elect from among its members a Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board may be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and stockholders. Subject to determination by the Board of Directors, the Chairman may have general executive powers and such specific powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred or assigned by the Board of Directors.


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SECTION 7.07. The President.
The President may be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and, except as the Board of Directors shall otherwise determine, shall have general direction of the affairs of the Corporation. In addition, the President shall perform such other duties and have such other responsibilities as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the President shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and stockholders.

SECTION 7.08. The Vice Presidents.
The Vice President, or if there shall be more than one, the Vice Presidents in the order determined by the Board of Directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the President, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the President and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe or as shall be assigned or delegated to such Vice President by the President or the Chairman of the Board.

SECTION 7.09. The Secretary.
The Secretary shall record or cause to be recorded in books provided for the purpose all the proceedings of the meetings of the Corporation, including the stockholders, the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and all other committees of the Board of Directors of which a secretary shall not have been appointed; shall see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these by-laws and as required by law; shall be custodian of the records (other than financial) and of the seal of the Corporation; and in general, shall perform all duties incident to the office of the Secretary and such other duties as may, from time to time, be assigned by the Board of Directors or the President or the Chairman of the Board.

SECTION 7.10. The Assistant Secretaries.
At the request, or in the absence or disability, of the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary designated by the Secretary or the Board of Directors shall perform all the duties of the Secretary and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of the Secretary. The Assistant Secretaries shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the President, the Chairman of the Board or the Secretary.

SECTION 7.11. The Treasurer.
The Treasurer shall have charge and custody of, and be responsible for, all funds and securities of the Corporation, and deposit all such funds to the credit of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositaries as shall be selected in accordance with the provisions of these by-laws; disburse the funds of the Corporation under the general control of the Board of Directors, based upon proper vouchers for such disbursements; receive, and give receipts for, moneys due and payable to the Corporation from any source whatsoever; render a statement of the condition of the finances of the Corporation at all regular meetings of the Board of Directors, and a full financial report at the annual meeting of the stockholders, if called upon to do so; and render such further statements to the Board of Directors and the President and the Chairman of the Board as they may respectively require concerning all transactions as Treasurer or the financial condition of the Corporation.
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Unless such functions shall have been assigned to another officer by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall also have charge of the books and records of account of the Corporation, which shall be kept at such office or offices of the Corporation as the Board of Directors shall from time to time designate; be responsible for the keeping of correct and adequate records of the assets, liabilities, business and transactions of the Corporation; at all reasonable times exhibit the books and records of account to any of the directors of the Corporation upon application at the office of the Corporation where such books and records are kept; be responsible for the preparation and filing of all reports and returns relating to or based upon the books and records of the Corporation kept under the direction of the Treasurer; and in general, perform all the duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board of Directors or the President or the Chairman of the Board.

SECTION 7.12. The Assistant Treasurers.
At the request, or in the absence or disability, of the Treasurer, the Assistant Treasurer designated by the Treasurer or the Board of Directors shall perform all the duties of the Treasurer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of the Treasurer. The Assistant Treasurers shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the President or the Treasurer.

SECTION 7.13. General Powers.
Each officer shall, subject to these by-laws, have, in addition to the duties and powers herein set forth, such duties and powers as are commonly incident to the respective office, and such duties and powers as the Board of Directors shall from time to time designate.

SECTION 7.14. Bonding.
Any officer, employee, agent or factor shall give such bond with such surety or sureties for the faithful performance of his or her duties as the Board of Directors may, from time to time, require.

ARTICLE VIII: INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

SECTION 8.01. Definitions.
For the purposes of this Article VIII:

(a) “Corporate Status” describes the status of a person who is serving or has served (i) as Director of the Corporation, (ii) as an Officer of the Corporation, (iii) as a Non-Officer Employee of the Corporation or (iv) as a director, partner, trustee, officer, employee or agent of any other corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, foundation, association, organization or other legal entity at the request of the Corporation. For purposes of this SECTION 8.01(a), a director, officer or non-officer employee of the Corporation who is serving or has served as a director, partner, trustee, officer, employee or agent of a Subsidiary shall be deemed to be serving at the request of the Corporation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, “Corporate Status” shall not include the status of a person who is serving or has served as a director, officer, employee or agent of a constituent corporation absorbed in a merger or consolidation transaction with the Corporation with respect to such person’s activities prior to said transaction, unless expressly required by law or specifically authorized by the Board of Directors or the stockholders of the Corporation; (b) “Director” means any person who serves or has served the Corporation as a director on the Board of Directors of the Corporation;
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(c) “Disinterested Director” means, with respect to each Proceeding in respect of which indemnification is sought hereunder, a Director of the Corporation who is not and was not a party to such Proceeding;

(d) “Expenses” means all reasonable attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of expert witnesses, private investigators and professional advisors (including, without limitation, accountants and investment bankers), travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, costs of preparation of demonstrative evidence and other courtroom presentation aids and devices, costs incurred in connection with document review, organization, imaging and computerization, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements, costs or expenses of the type customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in, settling or otherwise participating in, a Proceeding;

(e) “Liabilities” means judgments, damages, liabilities, losses, penalties, excise taxes, fines and amounts paid in settlement;

(f) “Non-Officer Employee” means any person who serves or has served as an employee or agent of the Corporation, but who is not or was not a Director or Officer;

(g) “Officer” means any person who serves or has served the Corporation as an officer of the Corporation appointed by the Board of Directors of the Corporation;

(h) “Proceeding” means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, inquiry, investigation, administrative hearing or other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative or investigative; and

(i) “Subsidiary” means any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other entity of which the Corporation owns (either directly or through or together with another Subsidiary of the Corporation) either (i) a general partner, managing member or other similar interest or (ii) (A) fifty percent (50%) or more of the voting power of the voting capital equity interests of such corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture or other entity, or (B) fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding voting capital stock or other voting equity interests of such corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture or other entity.

SECTION 8.02. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Subject to the operation of SECTION 8.04 of this Article VIII, each Director and Officer shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by the Rhode Island General Laws, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment unless such amendment expressly limits the Corporation’s power to provide indemnification for events arising after the effective date of such amendment), and to the extent authorized in this SECTION 8.02.
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(a) Each Director and Officer shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation against any and all Expenses and Liabilities that are incurred or paid by such Director or Officer or on such Director’s or Officer’s behalf in connection with any Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation), which such Director or Officer is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in by reason of such Director’s or Officer’s Corporate Status, if such Director or Officer acted in good faith and in a manner such Director or Officer reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.

(b) Each Director and Officer shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation against any and all Expenses that are incurred by such Director or Officer or on such Director’s or Officer’s behalf in connection with any Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein by or in the right of the Corporation, which such Director or Officer is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in by reason of such Director’s or Officer’s Corporate Status, if such Director or Officer acted in good faith and in a manner such Director or Officer reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; provided, however, that no indemnification shall be made under this SECTION 8.02 (b) in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such Director or Officer shall have been finally adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction to be liable to the Corporation, unless, and only to the extent that, the court in which such Proceeding was brought shall determine upon application that, despite adjudication of liability, but in view of all the relevant circumstances of the case, such Director or Officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification for such Expenses that such court deems proper.

(c) The rights of indemnification provided by this SECTION 8.02 shall continue as to a Director or Officer after he or she has ceased to be a Director or Officer and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors, administrators and personal representatives.

(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation shall indemnify any Director or Officer seeking indemnification in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such Director or Officer only if such Proceeding (including any parts of such Proceeding not initiated by such Director or Officer) was authorized in advance by the Board of Directors, unless such Proceeding was brought to enforce such Officer’s or Director’s rights to indemnification or, in the case of Directors, advancement of Expenses under these by-laws in accordance with the provisions set forth herein.

SECTION 8.03. Indemnification of Non-Officer Employees.
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Subject to the operation of SECTION 8.04 of this Article VIII, each Non-Officer Employee may, in the discretion of the Board of Directors, be indemnified by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by the Rhode Island General Laws, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, against any or all Expenses and Liabilities that are incurred by such Non-Officer Employee or on such Non-Officer Employee’s behalf in connection with any threatened, pending or completed Proceeding, or any claim, issue or matter therein, which such Non-Officer Employee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in by reason of such Non-Officer Employee’s Corporate Status, if such Non-Officer Employee acted in good faith and in a manner such Non-Officer Employee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The rights of indemnification provided by this SECTION 8.03 shall exist as to a Non-Officer Employee after he or she has ceased to be a Non-Officer Employee and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, personal representatives, executors and administrators. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation may indemnify any Non-Officer Employee seeking indemnification in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such Non-Officer Employee only if such Proceeding was authorized in advance by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 8.04. Determination.
Unless ordered by a court, no indemnification shall be provided pursuant to this ARTICLE VIII to a Director, to an Officer or to a Non-Officer Employee unless a determination shall have been made that such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, such person had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. Such determination and any determination of reasonableness of Expenses shall be made by (a) a majority vote of Disinterested Directors, which Disinterested Directors whether voting affirmatively or negatively in the aggregate constitute a quorum of the Board of Directors, (b) a committee comprised of two (2) or more Disinterested Directors, such committee having been designated by a majority vote of the full Board of Directors (in which designation Directors who are parties may participate), (c) by special independent legal counsel (in a written opinion), such counsel to be designated in accordance with either clause (a) or (b) above, or if no determination can be made under clause (a) and (b) above, then by a majority vote of the full Board of Directors (in which designation Directors who are parties may participate), or (d) by the stockholders of the Corporation (excluding any shares held by a Director who is a party to a Proceeding).

SECTION 8.05. Advancement of Expenses to Directors Prior to Final Disposition.
(a) The Corporation shall advance all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of any Director in connection with any Proceeding in which such Director is involved by reason of such Director’s Corporate Status within ninety (90) days after the receipt by the Corporation of a written statement from such Director requesting such advance or advances from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding. Such statement or statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by such Director, shall contain a written affirmation by such Director of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard for indemnification required under SECTION 8.02, and shall be preceded or accompanied by an undertaking by or on behalf of such Director to repay any Expenses so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such Director is not entitled to be indemnified against such Expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation shall advance all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of any Director seeking advancement of expenses hereunder in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such Director only if such Proceeding (including any parts of such Proceeding not initiated by such Director) was (i) authorized by the Board of Directors or (ii) brought to enforce such Director’s rights to indemnification or advancement of Expenses under these by-laws.
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(b) If a claim for advancement of Expenses hereunder by a Director is not paid in full by the Corporation within ninety (90) days after receipt by the Corporation of documentation of Expenses and the required undertaking, such Director may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, such Director shall also be entitled to be paid the expenses of prosecuting such claim. The failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors or any committee thereof, independent legal counsel or stockholders) to make a determination concerning the permissibility of such advancement of Expenses under this Article VIII shall not be a defense to an action brought by a Director for recovery of the unpaid amount of an advancement claim and shall not create a presumption that such advancement is not permissible. Provided that the Director has provided a written affirmation of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard for indemnification required under SECTION 8.02, the burden of proving that a Director is not entitled to an advancement of expenses shall be on the Corporation.

(c) In any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that the Director has not met any applicable standard for indemnification under the Rhode Island General Laws.

SECTION 8.06. Advancement of Expenses to Officers and Non-Officer Employees Prior to Final Disposition.
(a) The Corporation may, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, advance any or all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of any Officer or any Non-Officer Employee in connection with any Proceeding in which such person is involved by reason of his or her Corporate Status as an Officer or Non-Officer Employee upon the receipt by the Corporation of a statement or statements from such Officer or Non-Officer Employee requesting such advance or advances from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding. Such statement or statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by such Officer or Non-Officer Employee, shall contain a written affirmation by such Officer or Non-Officer Employee of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard for indemnification required under SECTION 8.03, and shall be preceded or accompanied by an undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay any Expenses so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such Officer or Non-Officer Employee is not entitled to be indemnified against such Expenses.

(b) In any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that the Officer or Non-Officer Employee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification under the Rhode Island General Laws.


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SECTION 8.07. Contractual Nature of Rights.
(a) The provisions of this ARTICLE VIII shall be deemed to be a contract between the Corporation and each Director and Officer entitled to the benefits hereof at any time while this ARTICLE VIII is in effect, in consideration of such person’s past or current and any future performance of services for the Corporation. Neither amendment, repeal or modification of any provision of this ARTICLE VIII nor the adoption of any provision of the Articles of Incorporation inconsistent with this ARTICLE VIII shall eliminate or reduce any right conferred by this ARTICLE VIII in respect of any act or omission occurring, or any cause of action or claim that accrues or arises or any state of facts existing, at the time of or before such amendment, repeal, modification or adoption of an inconsistent provision (even in the case of a proceeding based on such a state of facts that is commenced after such time), and all rights to indemnification and advancement of Expenses granted herein or arising out of any act or omission shall vest at the time of the act or omission in question, regardless of when or if any proceeding with respect to such act or omission is commenced. The rights to indemnification and to advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this ARTICLE VIII shall continue notwithstanding that the person has ceased to be a director or officer of the Corporation and shall inure to the benefit of the estate, heirs, executors, administrators, legatees and distributees of such person.

(b) If a claim for indemnification hereunder by a Director or Officer is not paid in full by the Corporation within ninety (90) days after receipt by the Corporation of a written claim for indemnification, such Director or Officer may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim, and if successful in whole or in part, such Director or Officer shall also be entitled to be paid the expenses of prosecuting such claim. The failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors or any committee thereof, independent legal counsel or stockholders) to make a determination concerning the permissibility of such indemnification under this Article V shall not be a defense to an action brought by a Director or Officer for recovery of the unpaid amount of an indemnification claim and shall not create a presumption that such indemnification is not permissible. The burden of proving that a Director or Officer is not entitled to indemnification shall be on the Corporation.

(c) In any suit brought by a Director or Officer to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder, it shall be a defense that such Director or Officer has not met any applicable standard for indemnification under the Rhode Island General Laws.

SECTION 8.08. Non-Exclusivity of Rights.

The rights to indemnification and to advancement of Expenses set forth in this ARTICLE VIII shall not be exclusive of any other right that any Director, Officer or Non-Officer Employee may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Articles of Incorporation or these by-laws, agreement, vote of stockholders or Disinterested Directors or otherwise.

SECTION 8.09. Insurance.
The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any Director, Officer or Non-Officer Employee against any liability of any character asserted against or incurred by the Corporation or any such Director, Officer or Non-Officer Employee, or arising out of any such person’s Corporate Status, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the Rhode Island General Laws or the provisions of this ARTICLE VIII.
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SECTION 8.10. Other Indemnification.
The Corporation’s obligation, if any, to indemnify or provide advancement of Expenses to any person under this ARTICLE VIII as a result of such person serving, at the request of the Corporation, as a director, partner, trustee, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification or advancement of Expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or enterprise (the “Primary Indemnitor”). Any indemnification or advancement of Expenses under this ARTICLE VIII owed by the Corporation as a result of a person serving, at the request of the Corporation, as a director, partner, trustee, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall only be in excess of, and shall be secondary to, the indemnification or advancement of Expenses available from the applicable Primary Indemnitor(s) and any applicable insurance policies.

SECTION 8.11. Savings Clause.
If this ARTICLE VIII or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each Indemnitee as to any expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees), liabilities, losses, judgments, fines (including, without limitation, excise taxes and penalties arising under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended) and amounts paid in settlement in connection with any action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil, criminal or administrative, including, without limitation, an action by or in the right of the Corporation, to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this ARTICLE VIII that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

ARTICLE IX: EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS

SECTION 9.01. Contract, etc., How Executed.
Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise determine, the (i) Chairman of the Board, President, any Vice President or the Treasurer and (ii) any other officer of the Corporation, acting jointly, may enter into any contract or execute any contract or other instrument, the execution of which is not otherwise specifically provided for, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation. The Board of Directors, except as in these by-laws otherwise provided, may authorize any other or additional officer or officers, agent or agents, of the Corporation to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any contract or other instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Unless authorized so to do by these by-laws or by the Board of Directors, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement, or to pledge its credit, or to render it liable pecuniarily for any purpose or to any amount.
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SECTION 9.02. Checks, Drafts, etc.
All checks, drafts, bills of exchange or other orders for the payment of money, obligations, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness, bills of lading, warehouse receipts and insurance certificates of the Corporation, shall be signed or endorsed by such officer or officers, employee or employees, of the Corporation as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.


ARTICLE X: BOOKS AND RECORDS

SECTION 10.01. Place.
The books and records of the Corporation, including the stock record books, shall be kept at such places, within or without the State of Rhode Island, as may from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 10.02. Addresses of Stockholders.
Each stockholder shall designate to the Secretary of the Corporation an address at which notices of meetings and all other corporate notices may be served upon or mailed, and if any stockholder shall fail to designate such address, corporate notices may, unless otherwise provided by law, be served by mail directed to the stockholder’s last known post office address, or by transmitting a notice thereof to such address by telegraph, cable, or telephone.


ARTICLE XI: SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER

SECTION 11.01. Certificates for Shares.
Every owner of shares of the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate certifying the number of shares owned by such owner in the Corporation and designating the class of shares to which such shares belong, which shall otherwise be in such form, in conformity to law, as the Board of Directors shall prescribe; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of some or all of any or all classes or series of shares of the Corporation without certificates in conformity with the applicable requirements of the Rhode Island Business Corporation Act. No authorization of uncertificated shares shall affect previously issued and outstanding shares represented by certificates until such certificates shall have been surrendered to the Corporation. Upon request, every holder of uncertificated shares shall be entitled to receive a certificate. Any certificate shall be signed by such officer or officers as the Board of Directors may prescribe, or, if not so prescribed, by the Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President and the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the Corporation.


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SECTION 11.02. Record.
A record shall be kept of the name of the person, firm or corporation owning the shares of the Corporation issued, the number of shares represented by each certificate, and the date thereof, and, in the case of cancellation, the date of cancellation. The person in whose name shares stand on the books of the Corporation shall be deemed the owner thereof for all purposes as regards the Corporation.

SECTION 11.03. Transfer of Shares.
Transfers of shares of the Corporation shall be made only on the books of the Corporation, if such shares are certificated, by the surrender to the Corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate theretofore properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed, with transfer stamps (if necessary) affixed, or upon proper instructions from the holder of uncertificated shares, in each case, with such proof of the authenticity of signature as the Corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require.

SECTION 11.04. Closing of Transfer Books; Record Dates.
Insofar as permitted by law, the Board of Directors may direct that the stock transfer books of the Corporation be closed for a period not exceeding sixty (60) days preceding the date of any meeting of stockholders or the date for the payment of any dividend or the date for the allotment of rights or the date when any change or conversion or exchange of shares of the Corporation shall go into effect, or for a period not exceeding sixty (60) days in connection with obtaining the consent of stockholders for any purpose; provided, however, that in lieu of closing the stock transfer books as aforesaid, the Board of Directors may, insofar as permitted by law, fix in advance a date, not exceeding sixty (60) days preceding the date of any meeting of stockholders, or the date for the payment of any dividend, or the date for the allotment or rights, or the date when any change or conversion or exchange of shares of the Corporation shall go into effect, or a date in connection with obtaining such consent, as a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, any such meeting or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any such dividend, or to any such allotment of rights, or to exercise the rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of shares of the Corporation, or to give such consent, and in each such case stockholders and only such stockholders as shall be stockholders of record on the date so fixed shall be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, such meeting and any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of such dividend, or to receive such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights or to give such consent, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the books of the Corporation after any such record date fixed as aforesaid.

SECTION 11.05. Lost, Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates.
In case of the alleged loss or destruction or the mutilation of a certificate representing shares of the Corporation, a new certificate may be issued in place thereof, in the manner and upon such terms as the Board of Directors may prescribe.



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ARTICLE XII: SEAL

The Board of Directors may provide for a corporate seal, which shall be in the form of a circle and shall bear the name of the Corporation and the state and year of incorporation.


ARTICLE XIII: FISCAL YEAR

Except as from time to time otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, the fiscal year of the Corporation shall be the calendar year.


ARTICLE XIV: AMENDMENTS

These by-laws of the Corporation shall be subject to alteration or repeal, and new by-laws may be adopted only in accordance with the provisions of Article EIGHTH of the Articles of Incorporation.

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EX-31.1 3 exhibit31110q2023q3.htm EX-31.1 TO FORM 10-Q 9-30-2023 Document

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Edward O. Handy III, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc., certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the period ended September 30, 2023, of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. (the “Registrant”);
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:
(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during
(e)the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant's fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 6, 2023 By: /s/ Edward O. Handy III
Edward O. Handy III
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)



EX-31.2 4 exhibit31210q2023q3.htm EX-31.2 TO FORM 10-Q 9-30-2023 Document

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Ronald S. Ohsberg, Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc., certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the period ended September 30, 2023, of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. (the “Registrant”);
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:
(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant's fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: November 6, 2023 By: /s/ Ronald S. Ohsberg
Ronald S. Ohsberg
Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(principal financial officer)


EX-32.1 5 exhibit32110q2023q3.htm EX-32.1 TO FORM 10-Q 9-30-2023 Document

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned officer of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. (the “Corporation”), hereby certifies that the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 to which this certification is attached (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation.
Date: November 6, 2023 By: /s/ Edward O. Handy III
Edward O. Handy III
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)




The undersigned officer of Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc. (the “Corporation”), hereby certifies that the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 to which this certification is attached (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation.
Date: November 6, 2023 By: /s/ Ronald S. Ohsberg
Ronald S. Ohsberg
Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(principal financial officer)