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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
 
ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025
Or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to            
Commission File Number 001-11138
First Commonwealth Financial Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Pennsylvania 25-1428528
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
601 Philadelphia Street
Indiana PA 15701
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
724-349-7220
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value FCF New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  x    Accelerated filer  ¨    Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company  ☐
Non-accelerated filer  ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No x
The number of shares outstanding of issuer’s common stock, $1.00 par value, as of August 8, 2025, was 104,538,804.




FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
 
    PAGE
PART I.
ITEM 1.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 4.
PART II.
ITEM 1.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 5.
ITEM 6.

2




ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Unaudited)
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
  (dollars in thousands, except share data)
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 121,052  $ 105,051 
Interest-bearing bank deposits 39,114  28,358 
Securities available for sale, at fair value 1,111,709  1,147,623 
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (Fair value of $442,520 and $336,719 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)
498,043  405,639 
Other investments 41,614  30,954 
Loans held for sale (Includes fair value of $42,116 and $50,110 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)
42,993  51,991 
Loans and leases:
Portfolio loans and leases 9,570,815  8,983,754 
Allowance for credit losses (132,966) (118,906)
Net loans and leases 9,437,849  8,864,848 
Premises and equipment, net 117,171  116,108 
Other real estate owned 1,049  895 
Goodwill 378,654  363,715 
Amortizing intangibles, net 23,904  19,637 
Bank owned life insurance 230,497  229,581 
Other assets 193,498  220,536 
Total assets $ 12,237,147  $ 11,584,936 
Liabilities
Deposits (all domestic):
Noninterest-bearing $ 2,326,836  $ 2,249,615 
Interest-bearing 7,777,746  7,428,404 
Total deposits 10,104,582  9,678,019 
Short-term borrowings 225,874  80,139 
Subordinated debentures 128,385  128,305 
Other long-term debt 129,957  130,353 
Capital lease obligation 4,027  4,327 
Total long-term debt 262,369  262,985 
Other liabilities 126,555  158,628 
Total liabilities 10,719,380  10,179,771 
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $1 par value per share, 3,000,000 shares authorized, none issued
—  — 
Common stock, $1 par value per share, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 126,599,991 and 123,603,380 shares issued at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and 104,925,587 and 101,758,450 shares outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively
126,600  123,603 
Additional paid-in capital 676,077  631,367 
Retained earnings 1,009,790  971,082 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net (76,150) (102,514)
Treasury stock (21,674,404 and 21,844,930 shares at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)
(218,550) (218,373)
Total shareholders’ equity 1,517,767  1,405,165 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 12,237,147  $ 11,584,936 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
3



ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended
  June 30, June 30,
  2025 2024 2025 2024
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
Interest Income
Interest and fees on loans and leases $ 142,972  $ 135,674  $ 275,106  $ 268,434 
Interest and dividends on investments:
Taxable interest 14,448  11,558  27,916  21,975 
Interest exempt from federal income taxes 91  107  186  215 
Dividends 694  450  1,231  1,054 
Interest on bank deposits 721  2,893  1,615  4,466 
Total interest income 158,926  150,682  306,054  296,144 
Interest Expense
Interest on deposits 47,919  47,004  95,923  90,724 
Interest on short-term borrowings 1,506  6,339  1,866  13,104 
Interest on subordinated debentures 1,838  2,264  3,676  4,851 
Interest on other long-term debt 1,381  36  2,743  74 
Interest on lease obligations 41  47  83  95 
Total interest expense 52,685  55,690  104,291  108,848 
Net Interest Income 106,241  94,992  201,763  187,296 
Provision for credit losses 8,898  7,827  14,634  12,065 
Provision for credit losses - acquisition day 1 non-PCD 3,759  —  3,759  — 
Net Interest Income after Provision for Credit Losses 93,584  87,165  183,370  175,231 
Noninterest Income
Net securities losses —  (5,535) (5,142) (5,535)
Gain on sale of VISA —  5,558  5,146  5,558 
Trust income 3,029  2,821  6,051  5,548 
Service charges on deposit accounts 5,595  5,546  11,033  10,929 
Insurance and retail brokerage commissions 3,097  3,154  6,267  5,805 
Income from bank owned life insurance 1,938  1,371  3,440  2,665 
Gain on sale of mortgage loans 1,836  1,671  3,223  2,999 
Gain on sale of other loans and assets 2,217  1,408  3,605  3,459 
Card-related interchange income 3,998  7,137  7,652  13,827 
Derivatives mark to market —  —  (153) 12 
Swap fee income 439  —  1,274  — 
Other income 2,600  2,079  4,855  3,931 
Total noninterest income 24,749  25,210  47,251  49,198 
Noninterest Expense
Salaries and employee benefits 40,584  37,320  80,999  72,644 
Net occupancy 4,894  4,822  10,623  10,156 
Furniture and equipment 4,547  4,278  8,740  8,758 
Data processing 4,085  3,840  7,902  7,664 
Advertising and promotion 1,457  898  2,829  2,217 
Pennsylvania shares tax 1,338  1,126  2,675  2,328 
Intangible amortization 1,311  1,169  2,442  2,433 
Other professional fees and services 1,903  1,286  3,523  2,528 
FDIC insurance 1,550  1,286  2,929  2,899 
Loss on sale or write-down of assets 71  77  286  220 
Litigation and operational losses 470  494  1,263  1,491 
Loss on early redemption of subordinated debt —  369  —  369 
Merger and acquisition related 3,955  —  4,064  114 
Other operating 10,103  8,833  19,243  17,550 
Total noninterest expense 76,268  65,798  147,518  131,371 
Income Before Income Taxes 42,065  46,577  83,103  93,058 
Income tax provision 8,663  9,489  17,005  18,421 
Net Income $ 33,402  $ 37,088  $ 66,098  $ 74,637 
Average Shares Outstanding 103,628,392  102,047,224  102,602,937  102,014,236 
Average Shares Outstanding Assuming Dilution 103,928,428  102,287,598  102,886,345  102,238,489 
Per Share Data: Basic Earnings per Share
$ 0.32  $ 0.36  $ 0.64  $ 0.73 
 Diluted Earnings per Share $ 0.32  $ 0.36  $ 0.64  $ 0.73 
Cash Dividends Declared per Common Share $ 0.135  $ 0.130  $ 0.265  $ 0.255 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
4



ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)
 
For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended
  June 30, June 30,
  2025 2024 2025 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Net Income $ 33,402  $ 37,088  $ 66,098  $ 74,637 
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax (expense) benefit:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period 4,469  (1,919) 21,562  (11,794)
Reclassification adjustment for losses on securities included in net income —  5,535  5,142  5,535 
Unrealized holding gains on derivatives arising during the period 1,891  3,575  6,668  4,158 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax (expense) benefit 6,360  7,191  33,372  (2,101)
Income tax (expense) benefit related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) (1,336) (1,510) (7,008) 441 
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 5,024  5,681  26,364  (1,660)
Comprehensive Income $ 38,426  $ 42,769  $ 92,462  $ 72,977 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
5



ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in-
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss),
net
Treasury
Stock
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
  (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Balance at December 31, 2024 101,758,450  $ 123,603  $ 631,367  $ 971,082  $ (102,514) $ (218,373) $ 1,405,165 
Net income 66,098  66,098 
Other comprehensive income 26,364  26,364 
Cash dividends declared ($0.265 per share)
(27,390) (27,390)
Treasury stock acquired (142,036) (2,315) (2,315)
Treasury stock reissued 190,547  993  —  1,879  2,872 
Restricted stock 122,015  —  806  —  259  1,065 
Common stock issued 2,996,611  2,997  42,911  45,908 
Balance at June 30, 2025 104,925,587  $ 126,600  $ 676,077  $ 1,009,790  $ (76,150) $ (218,550) $ 1,517,767 
  Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in-
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss),
net
Treasury
Stock
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
  (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Balance at December 31, 2023 102,114,664  $ 123,603  $ 630,154  $ 881,112  $ (111,756) $ (208,839) $ 1,314,274 
Net income 74,637  74,637 
Other comprehensive loss (1,660) (1,660)
Cash dividends declared ($0.255 per share)
(26,063) (26,063)
Treasury stock acquired (155,940) (2,072) (2,072)
Treasury stock reissued 230,051  313  —  2,216  2,529 
Restricted stock 109,072  —  443  —  417  860 
Balance at June 30, 2024 102,297,847  $ 123,603  $ 630,910  $ 929,686  $ (113,416) $ (208,278) $ 1,362,505 




The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
6



ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in-
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss),
net
Treasury
Stock
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
  (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Balance at March 31, 2025 101,927,219  $ 123,603  $ 632,957  $ 990,540  $ (81,174) $ (218,875) $ 1,447,051 
Net income 33,402  33,402 
Other comprehensive income 5,024  5,024 
Cash dividends declared ($0.135 per share)
(14,152) (14,152)
Treasury stock acquired (32,844) (508) (508)
Treasury stock reissued 34,601  191  —  342  533 
Restricted stock —  —  18  —  491  509 
Common stock issued 2,996,611  2,997  42,911  45,908 
Balance at June 30, 2025 104,925,587  $ 126,600  $ 676,077  $ 1,009,790  $ (76,150) $ (218,550) $ 1,517,767 
  Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in-
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss),
net
Treasury
Stock
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
  (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Balance at March 31, 2024 102,303,974  $ 123,603  $ 630,837  $ 905,897  $ (119,097) $ (208,520) $ 1,332,720 
Net income 37,088  37,088 
Other comprehensive income 5,681  5,681 
Cash dividends declared ($0.130 per share)
(13,299) (13,299)
Treasury stock acquired (25,078) (315) (315)
Treasury stock reissued 14,951  59  —  145  204 
Restricted stock 4,000  —  14  —  412  426 
Balance at June 30, 2024 102,297,847  $ 123,603  $ 630,910  $ 929,686  $ (113,416) $ (208,278) $ 1,362,505 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
7



ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
For the Six Months Ended
  June 30,
  2025 2024
Operating Activities (dollars in thousands)
Net income $ 66,098  $ 74,637 
Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses 18,393  12,065 
Deferred tax expense 518  3,180 
Depreciation and amortization 2,941  2,229 
Net gains on securities and other assets (6,345) (6,201)
Net amortization of premiums and discounts on securities 18  439 
Loss on early redemption of subordinated debentures —  369 
Income from increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance (3,274) (2,583)
Increase in interest receivable (211) (64)
Mortgage loans originated for sale (125,825) (113,778)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans 130,480  89,278 
(Decrease) increase in interest payable (1,221) 10,396 
Increase (decrease) in income taxes payable 854  (53)
Other, net 3,865  (7,576)
Net cash provided by operating activities 86,291  62,338 
Investing Activities
Transactions with securities held to maturity:
Proceeds from maturities and redemptions 35,183  20,195 
Purchases (127,860) (55,276)
Transactions with securities available for sale:
Proceeds from sales 69,862  69,598 
Proceeds from maturities and redemptions 120,778  79,606 
Purchases (111,514) (211,341)
Proceeds from sale of equity securities 5,146  — 
Purchases of FHLB stock (30,615) (18,707)
Proceeds from the redemption of FHLB stock 23,099  45,143 
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance 2,485  1,617 
Proceeds from sale of loans 38,073  43,046 
Proceeds from sale of other assets 3,459  2,905 
Net cash received from business acquisition 4,672  — 
Net increase in loans and leases (323,303) (67,251)
Purchases of premises and equipment and other assets (10,399) (8,395)
Net cash used in investing activities (300,934) (98,860)
Financing Activities
Net increase (decrease) in other short-term borrowings 143,235  (60,222)
Net increase in deposits 148,613  216,636 
Repayments of other long-term debt (20,680) (380)
Repayments of capital lease obligation (300) (281)
Repayments of subordinated debentures —  (50,000)
Dividends paid (27,390) (26,063)
Proceeds from reissuance of treasury stock 237  204 
Purchase of treasury stock (2,315) (2,072)
Net cash provided by financing activities 241,400  77,822 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 26,757  41,300 
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 133,409  146,993 
Cash and cash equivalents at June 30 $ 160,166  $ 188,293 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
8


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 Basis of Presentation
The accounting and reporting policies of First Commonwealth Financial Corporation and subsidiaries (“First Commonwealth” or the “Company”) conform with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual realized amounts could differ from those estimates. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of First Commonwealth’s financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity as of and for the periods presented. Certain information and Note disclosures normally included in Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.
For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, federal funds sold and interest-bearing bank deposits. Generally, federal funds are sold for one-day periods.
The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year of 2025. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with First Commonwealth’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Note 2 Acquisition
On April 30, 2025, the Company completed its acquisition of CenterGroup Financial, Inc. (“Center”) and its banking subsidiary, CenterBank, for consideration of 3,016,009 shares of the Company's common stock. Through the acquisition, the Company obtained three full-service banking offices, a loan production office and a mortgage office, all located in the Cincinnati, Ohio market.
9

ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The table below summarizes the net assets acquired (at fair value) and consideration transferred in connection with the Center acquisition (dollars in thousands):
Consideration paid
Cash paid to shareholders - fractional shares $
     Shares issued to shareholders (3,016,009 shares)
46,205 
            Total consideration paid $ 46,206 
Fair value of assets acquired
    Cash and due from banks 4,672 
    Investment securities 21,396 
    FHLB stock 3,144 
    Loans, including loans held for sale 291,296 
    Premises and equipment 4,276 
    Core deposit intangible 5,355 
    Bank owned life insurance 430 
    Other assets 4,950 
             Total assets acquired 335,519 
Fair value of liabilities assumed
    Deposits 277,980 
    Borrowings 22,785 
    Other liabilities 3,487 
             Total liabilities assumed 304,252 
Total fair value of identifiable net assets $ 31,267 
Goodwill $ 14,939 
The Company determined that this acquisition constitutes a business combination and therefore was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, as of the date of the acquisition, the Company recorded the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and consideration paid at fair value. The $14.9 million excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and is not amortizable or deductible for tax purposes. The amount of goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Company with Center.
The fair value of the 3,016,009 common shares issued was determined based on the $15.32 closing market price of the Company's common shares on the acquisition date, April 30, 2025.
While the valuation of the acquired assets and liabilities is substantially complete, fair value estimates are subject to adjustment during the provisional period, which may last up to twelve months subsequent to the acquisition date. During this period, the Company may obtain additional information to refine the valuations and adjust the recorded fair value, although such adjustments are not expected to be significant. Valuations subject to adjustments include, but are not limited to, the fair value of acquired loans due to several outstanding collateral appraisals and accrued and deferred income taxes due to Center's tax returns being open for the year ended December 31, 2024 and period ended April 30, 2025.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair values of major categories of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company used an independent valuation specialist to assist with the determination of fair values for certain acquired assets and assumed liabilities.
Cash and due from banks - The estimated fair value was determined to approximate the carrying amount of these assets.
Investment securities - The estimated fair value of the investment portfolio was based on quoted market prices.
10


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Loans - The estimated fair value of loans was based on a discounted cash flow methodology applied on a pooled basis for non- purchased credit-deteriorated ("non-PCD") loans and on an individual basis for purchased credit-deteriorated ("PCD") loans. The valuation considered underlying characteristics including loan type, term, rate, payment schedule and credit rating. Other factors included assumptions related to prepayments, the probability of default and loss given default. The discount rates applied were based on a build-up approach considering the funding mix, servicing costs, liquidity premium and factors related to performance risk.
Acquired loans are classified into two categories: PCD loans and non-PCD loans. PCD loans are defined as a loan or group of loans that have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. Non-PCD loans will have an allowance established on acquisition date, which is recognized as an expense through provision for credit losses. For PCD loans, an allowance is recognized on day 1 by adding it to the fair value of the loan, which is the “Day 1 amortized cost”. There is no provision for credit loss expense recognized on PCD loans because the initial allowance is established by grossing-up the amortized cost of the PCD loan.
A day 1 allowance for credit losses of $3.4 million related to non-PCD loans and $0.4 million related to the off-balance sheet commitment liability was recorded through the provision for credit losses within the Consolidated Statements of Income. At the date of acquisition, of the $303.7 million of portfolio loans acquired from Center, $29.2 million, or 9.6%, of Center's loan portfolio, was accounted for as PCD loans as of May 1, 2025.
Premise and equipment - The estimated fair value of land and buildings were determined by independent market-based appraisals.
Core deposit intangible - The core deposit intangible was valued utilizing the cost savings method approach, which recognizes the cost savings represented by the expense of maintaining the core deposit base versus the cost of an alternative funding source. The valuation incorporates assumptions related to account retention, discount rates, deposit interest rates, deposit maintenance costs and alternative funding rates.
Time deposits - The estimated fair value of time deposits was determined using a discounted cash flow approach incorporating a discount rate equal to current market interest rates offered on time deposits with similar terms and maturities.
Borrowings - The estimated fair value of short-term borrowings was determined to approximate stated value. Long-term debt with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati was valued using the prepayment penalty for payoff on April 30, 2025.
11


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table provides details related to the fair value of acquired PCD loans as of April 30, 2025.
Unpaid Principal Balance PCD Allowance for Credit Loss at Acquisition (Discount) Premium on Acquired Loans Fair Value of PCD Loans at Acquisition
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 13,302  $ (1,616) $ (487) $ 11,199 
Time and demand 13,302  (1,616) (487) 11,199 
Time and demand other —  —  —  — 
Real estate construction 2,442  (1,104) (54) 1,284 
Construction other 557  (370) (17) 170 
Construction residential 1,885  (734) (37) 1,114 
Residential real estate 3,845  (307) (138) 3,400 
Residential first lien 3,372  (300) (137) 2,935 
Residential junior lien/home equity 473  (7) (1) 465 
Commercial real estate 9,604  (1,087) (330) 8,187 
Multifamily 1,210  (120) (78) 1,012 
Non-owner occupied 5,330  (943) (184) 4,203 
Owner occupied 3,064  (24) (68) 2,972 
Loans to individuals 30  (2) —  28 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 14  (1) —  13 
Consumer other 16  (1) —  15 
Total loans and leases $ 29,223  $ (4,116) $ (1,009) $ 24,098 
12


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table provides details related to the fair value and Day 1 provision related to the acquired non-PCD loans as of April 30, 2025.
Unpaid Principal Balance (Discount) premium on acquired loans Fair Value of Non-PCD Loans at Acquisition Day 1 Provision for Credit Losses - Non-PCD Loans
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 50,555  $ (2,137) $ 48,418  $ 630 
Time and demand 50,535  (2,137) 48,398  630 
Time and demand other 20  —  20  — 
Real estate construction 32,074  (941) 31,133  691 
Construction other 18,829  (472) 18,357  445 
Construction residential 13,245  (469) 12,776  246 
Residential real estate 82,609  (3,396) 79,213  665 
Residential first lien 67,906  (3,145) 64,761  556 
Residential junior lien/home equity 14,703  (251) 14,452  109 
Commercial real estate 108,843  (3,550) 105,293  1,389 
Multifamily 17,405  (481) 16,924  180 
Non-owner occupied 43,927  (1,763) 42,164  512 
Owner occupied 47,511  (1,306) 46,205  697 
Loans to individuals 357  (10) 347 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 337  (9) 328 
Consumer other 20  (1) 19  — 
Total loans and leases $ 274,438  $ (10,034) $ 264,404  $ 3,379 
The following table presents the change in goodwill during the period (dollars in thousands):
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Goodwill at December 31, 2024 $ 363,715 
Goodwill from Center acquisition 14,939 
Goodwill at June 30, 2025 $ 378,654 
Costs related to the acquisition totaled $4.1 million. These amounts were expensed as incurred and are recorded as a merger and acquisition related expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
As a result of the full integration of the operations of Center, it is not practicable to determine revenue or net income included in the Company's operating results relating to Center since the date of acquisition as Center's results cannot be separately identified.

13


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 3 Supplemental Comprehensive Income Disclosures
The following table identifies the related tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Reclassification adjustments related to securities available for sale are included in the "Net securities gains" line in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024
Pretax Amount Tax (Expense) Benefit Net of Tax Amount Pretax Amount Tax (Expense) Benefit Net of Tax Amount
(dollars in thousands)
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period $ 21,562  $ (4,528) $ 17,034  $ (11,794) $ 2,476  $ (9,318)
Reclassification adjustment for losses on securities included in net income 5,142  (1,080) 4,062  5,535  (1,162) 4,373 
Total unrealized gains (losses) on securities 26,704  (5,608) 21,096  (6,259) 1,314  (4,945)
Unrealized gains on derivatives:
Unrealized holding gains on derivatives arising during the period 6,668  (1,400) 5,268  4,158  (873) 3,285 
Total unrealized gains on derivatives 6,668  (1,400) 5,268  4,158  (873) 3,285 
Total other comprehensive income (loss) $ 33,372  $ (7,008) $ 26,364  $ (2,101) $ 441  $ (1,660)

For the Three Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024
Pretax Amount Tax (Expense) Benefit Net of Tax Amount Pretax Amount Tax (Expense) Benefit Net of Tax Amount
(dollars in thousands)
Unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period $ 4,469  $ (939) $ 3,530  $ (1,919) $ 402  $ (1,517)
Reclassification adjustment for losses on securities included in net income —  —  —  5,535  (1,162) 4,373 
Total unrealized gains on securities 4,469  (939) 3,530  3,616  (760) 2,856 
Unrealized gains on derivatives:
Unrealized holding gains on derivatives arising during the period 1,891  (397) 1,494  3,575  (750) 2,825 
Total unrealized gains on derivatives 1,891  (397) 1,494  3,575  (750) 2,825 
Total other comprehensive income $ 6,360  $ (1,336) $ 5,024  $ 7,191  $ (1,510) $ 5,681 


14


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table details the change in components of OCI for the six months ended June 30:

2025 2024
  Securities Available for Sale Post-Retirement Obligation Derivatives Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Securities Available for Sale Post-Retirement Obligation Derivatives Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
  (dollars in thousands)
Balance at December 31 $ (94,403) $ 339  $ (8,450) $ (102,514) $ (92,340) $ 344  $ (19,760) $ (111,756)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification adjustment 17,034  —  5,268  22,302  (9,318) —  3,285  (6,033)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income 4,062  —  —  4,062  4,373  —  —  4,373 
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period 21,096  —  5,268  26,364  (4,945) —  3,285  (1,660)
Balance at June 30 $ (73,307) $ 339  $ (3,182) $ (76,150) $ (97,285) $ 344  $ (16,475) $ (113,416)

The following table details the change in components of OCI for the three months ended June 30:

2025 2024
  Securities Available for Sale Post-Retirement Obligation Derivatives Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Securities Available for Sale Post-Retirement Obligation Derivatives Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
  (dollars in thousands)
Balance at March 31 $ (76,837) $ 339  $ (4,676) $ (81,174) $ (100,141) $ 344  $ (19,300) $ (119,097)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification adjustment 3,530  —  1,494  5,024  (1,517) —  2,825  1,308 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income —  —  —  —  4,373  —  —  4,373 
Net other comprehensive income during the period 3,530  —  1,494  5,024  2,856  —  2,825  5,681 
Balance at June 30 $ (73,307) $ 339  $ (3,182) $ (76,150) $ (97,285) $ 344  $ (16,475) $ (113,416)
Note 4 Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures
The following table presents information related to cash paid during the period for interest and income taxes, as well as detail on non-cash investing and financing activities for the six months ended June 30:
2025 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest $ 105,444  $ 98,341 
Income taxes 8,171  14,946 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Loans transferred to other real estate owned and repossessed assets 2,985  2,784 
Loans transferred from held to maturity to held for sale 34,058  38,207 
Loans transferred from held for sale to held to maturity (4,425) (1,296)
Gross increase (decrease) in market value adjustment to securities available for sale 26,704  (6,259)
Gross increase in market value adjustment to derivatives 6,668  4,158 
Noncash treasury stock reissuance 2,339  2,325 
Net assets acquired through acquisition 26,595  — 
Proceeds from death benefit on bank owned life insurance not received 304  1,790 
15


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 5 Earnings per Share
The following table summarizes the composition of the weighted-average common shares (denominator) used in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations:
For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Weighted average common shares issued 125,612,097  123,603,380  124,613,288  123,603,380 
Average treasury stock shares (21,656,080) (21,304,610) (21,700,837) (21,365,195)
Average deferred compensation shares (56,581) (57,308) (56,562) (57,137)
Average unearned non-vested shares (271,044) (194,238) (252,952) (166,812)
Weighted average common shares and common stock equivalents used to calculate basic earnings per share
103,628,392  102,047,224  102,602,937  102,014,236 
Additional common stock equivalents (non-vested stock) used to calculate diluted earnings per share 243,412  182,749  226,784  166,628 
Additional common stock equivalents (deferred compensation) used to calculate diluted earnings per share
56,624  57,625  56,624  57,625 
Weighted average common shares and common stock equivalents used to calculate diluted earnings per share
103,928,428  102,287,598  102,886,345  102,238,489 
Per Share Data:
Basic Earnings per Share $ 0.32  $ 0.36  $ 0.64  $ 0.73 
Diluted Earnings per Share $ 0.32  $ 0.36  $ 0.64  $ 0.73 
The following table shows the number of shares and the price per share related to common stock equivalents that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, because to do so would have been antidilutive.
2025 2024
Price Range Price Range
Shares From To Shares From To
Restricted Stock 126,903  $ 12.70  $ 18.62  143,589  $ 12.39  $ 16.43 
Restricted Stock Units 39,950  $ 18.14  $ 18.14  106,488  $ 15.05  $ 17.09 

Note 6 Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
Commitments and Letters of Credit
Standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by First Commonwealth to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The contract or notional amount of these instruments reflects the maximum amount of future payments that First Commonwealth could be required to pay under the guarantees if there were a total default by the guaranteed parties, without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged. In addition, many of these commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon; therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
The following table identifies the notional amount of those instruments at the date shown below:
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk:
Commitments to extend credit $ 2,439,529  $ 2,254,445 
Financial standby letters of credit 14,705  13,791 
Performance standby letters of credit 28,525  29,265 
Commercial letters of credit 569  554 
 
16


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The notional amounts outstanding as of June 30, 2025 include amounts issued in 2025 of $1.9 million in performance standby letters of credit. There were no financial standby or commercial letters of credit issued in 2025. A liability of $0.3 million has been recorded as of both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, which represents the estimated fair value of letters of credit issued. The fair value of letters of credit is estimated based on the unrecognized portion of fees received at the time the commitment was issued.
Unused commitments and letters of credit provide exposure to future credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the borrower or guaranteed parties. Management’s evaluation of the credit risk related to these commitments resulted in the recording of a liability of $6.7 million and $4.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The June 30, 2025 liability amount includes $0.4 million in credit risk for commitments acquired as part of the Center acquisition. This liability is reflected in "Other liabilities" in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The credit risk evaluation incorporates the expected loss percentage calculated for comparable loan categories as part of the allowance for credit losses for loans as well as estimated utilization for each loan category.
Legal Proceedings
First Commonwealth and its subsidiaries are subject in the normal course of business to various pending and threatened legal proceedings in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. As of June 30, 2025, management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the aggregate ultimate liability arising out of litigation pending or threatened against First Commonwealth or its subsidiaries will be material to First Commonwealth’s consolidated financial position. On at least a quarterly basis, First Commonwealth assesses its liabilities and contingencies in connection with such legal proceedings. For those matters where it is probable that First Commonwealth will incur losses and the amounts of the losses can be reasonably estimated, First Commonwealth records an expense and corresponding liability in its consolidated financial statements. To the extent the pending or threatened litigation could result in exposure in excess of that liability, the amount of such excess is not currently estimable. Although not considered probable, the range of reasonably possible losses for such matters in the aggregate, beyond the existing recorded liability (if any), is between $0 and $1 million. Although First Commonwealth does not believe that the outcome of pending litigation will be material to First Commonwealth’s consolidated financial position, it cannot rule out the possibility that such outcomes will be material to the consolidated results of operations and cash flows for a particular reporting period in the future.

17


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 7 Investment Securities
Securities Available for Sale
Below is an analysis of the amortized cost and estimated fair values of securities available for sale at:
  June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
  Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
  (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies:
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential $ 2,846  $ 22  $ (176) $ 2,692  $ 3,096  $ 14  $ (212) $ 2,898 
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Commercial 757,242  4,562  (48,794) 713,010  779,232  2,489  (57,546) 724,175 
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises:
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential 373,287  1,559  (49,533) 325,313  413,434  1,481  (64,331) 350,584 
Other Government-Sponsored Enterprises 1,000  —  (32) 968  1,000  —  (54) 946 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 8,014  —  (753) 7,261  8,510  —  (983) 7,527 
Corporate Securities 62,738  1,521  (1,794) 62,465  62,475  1,454  (2,436) 61,493 
Total Debt Securities Available for Sale $ 1,205,127  $ 7,664  $ (101,082) $ 1,111,709  $ 1,267,747  $ 5,438  $ (125,562) $ 1,147,623 
Mortgage-backed securities include mortgage-backed obligations of U.S. Government agencies and obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises. These obligations have contractual maturities ranging from less than one year to approximately 42 years, with lower anticipated lives to maturity due to prepayments. All mortgage-backed securities contain a certain amount of risk related to the uncertainty of prepayments of the underlying mortgages. Interest rate changes have a direct impact upon prepayment speeds; therefore, First Commonwealth uses computer simulation models to test the average life and yield volatility of all mortgage-backed securities under various interest rate scenarios to monitor the potential impact on earnings and interest rate risk positions.
Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Other fixed income securities within the portfolio also contain prepayment risk.
18


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities available for sale at June 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below.
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
  (dollars in thousands)
Due within 1 year $ 7,182  $ 7,198 
Due after 1 but within 5 years 28,465  29,380 
Due after 5 but within 10 years 36,105  34,116 
Due after 10 years —  — 
71,752  70,694 
Mortgage-Backed Securities (a) 1,133,375  1,041,015 
Total Debt Securities $ 1,205,127  $ 1,111,709 
(a)  Mortgage-backed and collateralized mortgage securities, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their prepayment speeds. Mortgage-Backed Securities include an amortized cost of $760.1 million and a fair value of $715.7 million for Obligations of U.S. Government agencies issued by Ginnie Mae and an amortized cost of $373.3 million and a fair value of $325.3 million for Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

 
Proceeds from sales, gross gains (losses) realized on sales and maturities related to securities held to maturity and securities available for sale were as follows for the six months ended June 30:
2025 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Proceeds from sales $ 69,862  $ 69,598 
Gross gains (losses) realized:
Sales transactions:
Gross gains $ —  $ — 
Gross losses (5,142) (5,535)
(5,142) (5,535)
Maturities
Gross gains —  — 
Gross losses —  — 
—  — 
Net losses $ (5,142) $ (5,535)
For the six months ended June 30, 2025, $48.5 million of the proceeds from sales in the above table are a result of management selling $53.7 million in available for sale investment securities yielding 2.61% and reinvesting the proceeds into securities yielding 5.41%. Additionally, $21.4 million in proceeds from sales are a result of the sale of investments acquired as part of the Center acquisition. All of the acquired investments were recorded at fair value at the time of acquisition and subsequently sold at the same value.
Securities available for sale with an estimated fair value of $679.1 million and $580.5 million were pledged as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, to secure public deposits and for other purposes required or permitted by law.
Equity Securities
During the second quarter of 2024, Visa commenced an exchange offer for any and all outstanding shares of its Class B-1 common stock for a combination of Visa's Class B-2 common stock, Class C common stock and, where applicable cash in lieu of fractional shares. As part of this exchange, each share of Class B-1 common stock would be exchanged for one half share of the newly issued Class B-2 common stock and Class C common stock would be issued in an amount equivalent to one half of a share of Class B-1 common stock. The Company opted to participate in this exchange offer prior to its expiration and received 13,340 Class B-2 shares and 5,294 Class C shares. In 2024, the Class C shares were sold at fair value resulting in a gain of $5.7 million.
19


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

During the first quarter of 2025 the Class B-2 shares, which were carried with a zero basis, were sold, resulting in a $5.1 million gain.
Securities Held to Maturity
Below is an analysis of the amortized cost and fair values of debt securities held to maturity at:
  June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
  Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
  (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies:
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential $ 1,471  $ —  $ (178) $ 1,293  $ 1,586  $ —  $ (220) $ 1,366 
Mortgage-Backed Securities- Commercial 136,470  1,199  (13,363) 124,306  89,404  66  (14,785) 74,685 
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises:
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential 312,092  401  (38,657) 273,836  266,587  —  (47,564) 219,023 
Other Government-Sponsored Enterprises 23,032  —  (3,253) 19,779  22,869  —  (4,155) 18,714 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 24,178  —  (1,663) 22,515  24,193  —  (2,246) 21,947 
Debt Securities Issued by Foreign Governments 800  —  (9) 791  1,000  —  (16) 984 
Total Securities Held to Maturity $ 498,043  $ 1,600  $ (57,123) $ 442,520  $ 405,639  $ 66  $ (68,986) $ 336,719 
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity at June 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
  (dollars in thousands)
Due within 1 year $ 1,203  $ 1,196 
Due after 1 but within 5 years 14,913  14,264 
Due after 5 but within 10 years 31,330  27,190 
Due after 10 years 564  435 
48,010  43,085 
Mortgage-Backed Securities (a) 450,033  399,435 
Total Debt Securities $ 498,043  $ 442,520 
(a)Mortgage-backed and collateralized mortgage securities, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their prepayment speeds. Mortgage-Backed Securities include an amortized cost of $137.9 million and a fair value of $125.6 million for Obligations of U.S. Government agencies issued by Ginnie Mae and an amortized cost of $312.1 million and a fair value of $273.8 million for Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Securities held to maturity with an amortized cost of $363.8 million and $247.5 million were pledged as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, to secure public deposits and for other purposes required or permitted by law.
Other Investments
As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB"), First Commonwealth is required to purchase and hold stock in the FHLB to satisfy membership and borrowing requirements. The level of stock required to be held is dependent on the amount of First Commonwealth's mortgage-related assets and outstanding borrowings with the FHLB.
20


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

This stock is restricted in that it can only be sold to the FHLB or to another member institution, and all sales of FHLB stock must be at par. As a result of these restrictions, FHLB stock is unlike other investment securities insofar as there is no trading market for FHLB stock and the transfer price is determined by FHLB membership rules and not by market participants. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our FHLB stock totaled $35.9 million and $25.2 million, respectively, and is included in “Other investments” on the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
FHLB stock is held as a long-term investment and its value is determined based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. First Commonwealth evaluates impairment quarterly and has concluded that the par value of its investment in FHLB stock will be recovered. Accordingly, no impairment charge was recorded on these securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, "Other investments" also includes $5.7 million in equity securities. These securities do not have a readily determinable fair value and are carried at cost. During the six-months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no gains or losses recognized through earnings on these equity securities. On a quarterly basis, management evaluates equity securities by reviewing the severity and duration of any decline in estimated fair value, research reports, analysts’ recommendations, credit rating changes, news stories, annual reports, regulatory filings, the impact of interest rate changes and other relevant information.
Impairment of Investment Securities
We review our investment portfolio on a quarterly basis for indications of impairment. For available for sale securities, the review includes analyzing the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, including any specific events which may influence the operations of the issuer and whether we are more likely than not to sell the security. We evaluate whether we are more likely than not to sell debt securities based upon our investment strategy for the particular type of security and our cash flow needs, liquidity position, capital adequacy, tax position and interest rate risk position. Held-to-maturity securities are evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis using historical probability of default and loss given default information specific to the investment category. If this evaluation determines that credit losses exist, an allowance for credit loss is recorded and included in earnings as a component of credit loss expense.
First Commonwealth utilizes the specific identification method to determine the net gain or loss on debt securities and the average cost method to determine the net gain or loss on equity securities.
The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair values at June 30, 2025, for both available for sale and held to maturity securities by investment category and time frame for which securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
 
  Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
  Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies:
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential $ —  $ —  $ 2,883  $ (354) $ 2,883  $ (354)
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Commercial 54,651  (833) 252,835  (61,324) 307,486  (62,157)
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises:
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential 357  (1) 456,285  (88,189) 456,642  (88,190)
Other Government-Sponsored Enterprises —  —  20,747  (3,285) 20,747  (3,285)
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 499  (1) 28,388  (2,415) 28,887  (2,416)
Debt Securities Issued by Foreign Governments —  —  391  (9) 391  (9)
Corporate Securities —  —  27,712  (1,794) 27,712  (1,794)
Total Securities $ 55,507  $ (835) $ 789,241  $ (157,370) $ 844,748  $ (158,205)
    
At June 30, 2025, fixed income securities issued by the U.S. Government and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises comprised 94% of the estimated fair value for the total portfolio and 97% of total unrealized losses. All unrealized losses are the result of changes in market interest rates.
21


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

At June 30, 2025, there are 235 debt securities in the portfolio, with 149 debt securities in an unrealized loss position.
The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair values at December 31, 2024 by investment category and the time frame for which securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
  Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
  Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies:
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential $ 242  $ (1) $ 3,002  $ (431) $ 3,244  $ (432)
Mortgage-Backed Securities - Commercial 258,712  (4,119) 274,358  (68,212) 533,070  (72,331)
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises:
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential 4,759  (56) 497,445  (111,839) 502,204  (111,895)
Other Government-Sponsored Enterprises —  —  19,660  (4,209) 19,660  (4,209)
Obligation of States and Political Subdivisions 1,104  (11) 28,097  (3,218) 29,201  (3,229)
Debt Securities Issued by Foreign Governments —  —  584  (16) 584  (16)
Corporate Securities 9,701  (506) 17,321  (1,930) 27,022  (2,436)
Total Securities $ 274,518  $ (4,693) $ 840,467  $ (189,855) $ 1,114,985  $ (194,548)
As of June 30, 2025, our corporate securities had an amortized cost and an estimated fair value of $62.7 million and $62.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, our corporate securities had an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $62.5 million and $61.5 million, respectively. Corporate securities are comprised of debt issued by large regional banks. There were 7 corporate securities out of a total of 15 that were in an unrealized loss position at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. When unrealized losses exist, management reviews each of the issuer’s asset quality, earnings trends and capital position to determine whether the unrealized loss position is a result of credit losses. All interest payments on the corporate securities are being made as contractually required.
There was no expected credit related impairment recognized on investment securities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
22


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 8 Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
Loans and leases are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition net of deferred fees and costs, and discounts related to purchased loans. Net deferred fees were $17.3 million and $14.7 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and discounts on purchased loans from acquisitions were $26.4 million and $18.9 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The following table provides outstanding balances related to each of our loan types:
 
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 1,955,333  $ 1,677,989 
Time and demand 1,255,560  1,133,595 
Commercial credit cards 12,581  11,718 
Equipment finance 573,810  427,320 
Time and demand other 113,382  105,356 
Real estate construction 448,152  483,384 
Construction other 424,437  475,367 
Construction residential 23,715  8,017 
Residential real estate 2,390,275  2,341,703 
Residential first lien 1,691,200  1,670,547 
Residential junior lien/home equity 699,075  671,156 
Commercial real estate 3,366,267  3,124,704 
Multifamily 644,970  597,145 
Non-owner occupied 1,948,160  1,804,950 
Owner occupied 773,137  722,609 
Loans to individuals 1,410,788  1,355,974 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 1,339,660  1,280,645 
Consumer credit cards 9,293  9,865 
Consumer other 61,835  65,464 
Total loans and leases $ 9,570,815  $ 8,983,754 
First Commonwealth’s loan portfolio includes five primary loan categories. When calculating the allowance for credit losses these categories are classified into fourteen portfolio segments. The composition of loans by portfolio segment includes:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other
Time & Demand - Consists primarily of commercial and industrial loans. This category consists of loans that are typically cash flow dependent and therefore have different risk and loss characteristics than other commercial loans. Loans in this category include revolving and term structures with fixed and variable interest rates. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and economic conditions measured by GDP.
Commercial Credit Cards - Consists of unsecured credit cards for commercial customers. These commercial credit cards have separate characteristics outside of normal commercial non-real estate loans, as they tend to have shorter overall duration. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and economic conditions measured by GDP.
Equipment Finance - Consists of loans and leases to finance the purchase of equipment for commercial customers. The risk and loss characteristics are unique for this group due to the type of collateral. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and economic conditions measured by GDP.
Time & Demand Other - Consists primarily of loans to state and political subdivisions and other commercial loans that have different characteristics than loans in the Time and Demand category. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of household debt to income and economic conditions measured by GDP.
23


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Real estate construction
Construction Other - Consists of construction loans to commercial builders and developers and are secured by the properties under development.
Construction Residential - Consists of loans to finance the construction of residential properties during the construction period. Borrowers are typically individuals who will occupy the completed single family property.
The risk and loss characteristics of these two construction categories are different than other real estate secured categories due to the collateral being at various stages of completion. The nature of the project and type of borrower of the two construction categories provides for unique risk and loss characteristics for each category. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for construction loans include forecasts of national unemployment and measures of completed construction projects.
Residential real estate
Residential first lien - Consists of loans with collateral of 1-4 family residencies with a senior lien position. The risk and loss characteristics are unique for this group because the collateral for these loans are the borrower’s primary residence. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and residential property values.
Residential Junior Lien/Home Equity - Consists of loans with collateral of 1-4 family residencies with an open end line of credit or junior lien position. The junior lien position for the majority of these loans provides a higher risk of loss than other residential real estate loans. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and residential property values.
Commercial real estate
Multifamily - Consists of loans secured by commercial multifamily properties. Real estate related to rentals to consumers provide unique risk and loss characteristics. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of commercial real estate values and national unemployment.
Non-owner Occupied - Consists of loans secured by non-owner occupied commercial real estate and provides different loss characteristics than other real estate categories. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and economic conditions measured by GDP.
Owner Occupied - Consists of loans secured by owner occupied commercial real estate properties. The risk and loss characteristics of this category were considered different than other real estate categories because it is owner occupied and would impact the ability to conduct business. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and economic conditions measured by GDP.
Loans to individuals
Automobile and Recreational Vehicles - Consists of both direct and indirect loans with automobiles and recreational vehicles held as collateral. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of consumer sentiment and automobile retention value.
Consumer Credit Cards – Consists of unsecured consumer credit cards. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of consumer sentiment and economic conditions measured by GDP.
Other Consumer - Consists of lines of credit, student loans and other consumer loans, not secured by real estate or autos. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of consumer sentiment and retail sales.
Calculation of the Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses is calculated by pooling loans of similar credit risk characteristics and applying a discounted cash flow methodology after incorporating probability of default and loss given default estimates. Probability of default represents an estimate of the likelihood of default, and loss given default measures the expected loss upon default. Inputs impacting the expected losses include a forecast of macroeconomic factors, using a weighted forecast from a nationally recognized firm. Our model incorporates a one-year forecast of macroeconomic factors, after which the factors revert back to the historical mean over a one-year period. The most significant macroeconomic factor used in estimating credit losses is the national unemployment rate.
24


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The forecasted value for national unemployment at the beginning of the forecast period was 4.21%, and during the one-year forecast period it was projected to average 5.02%, with a peak of 5.42%.
Credit Quality Information
As part of the on-going monitoring of credit quality within the loan portfolio, the following credit worthiness categories are used in grading our loans:
Pass    Acceptable levels of risk exist in the relationship. Includes all loans not classified as OAEM, substandard or doubtful.
Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM) Potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. The potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or weaken the Company’s credit position at some future date. The credit risk may be relatively minor, yet constitute an undesirable risk in light of the circumstances surrounding the specific credit. No loss of principal or interest is expected.
Substandard Well-defined weakness or a weakness that jeopardizes the repayment of the debt. A loan may be classified as substandard as a result of deterioration of the borrower’s financial condition and repayment capacity. Loans for which repayment plans have not been met or collateral equity margins do not protect the Company may also be classified as substandard.
Doubtful Loans with the characteristics of substandard loans with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of presently existing facts and conditions, is highly improbable.
The Company’s internal creditworthiness grading system provides a measurement of credit risk based primarily on an evaluation of the borrower’s cash flow and collateral. Category ratings are reviewed each quarter, at which time management analyzes the results, as well as other external statistics and factors related to loan performance.
25


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following tables represent our credit risk profile by creditworthiness category:
  June 30, 2025
Non-Pass
Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Non-Pass Total
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 1,833,012  $ 56,242  $ 66,079  $ —  $ —  $ 122,321  $ 1,955,333 
Time and demand 1,136,061  55,574  63,925  —  —  119,499  1,255,560 
Commercial credit cards 12,581  —  —  —  —  —  12,581 
Equipment finance 570,991  665  2,154  —  —  2,819  573,810 
Time and demand other 113,379  —  —  —  113,382 
Real estate construction 438,264  6,773  3,115  —  —  9,888  448,152 
Construction other 415,613  6,773  2,051  —  —  8,824  424,437 
Construction residential 22,651  —  1,064  —  —  1,064  23,715 
Residential real estate 2,374,017  3,736  12,522  —  —  16,258  2,390,275 
Residential first lien 1,679,307  3,736  8,157  —  —  11,893  1,691,200 
Residential junior lien/home equity 694,710  —  4,365  —  —  4,365  699,075 
Commercial real estate 3,260,110  58,131  48,026  —  —  106,157  3,366,267 
Multifamily 623,524  20,447  999  —  —  21,446  644,970 
Non-owner occupied 1,904,275  21,213  22,672  —  —  43,885  1,948,160 
Owner occupied 732,311  16,471  24,355  —  —  40,826  773,137 
Loans to individuals 1,410,510  —  278  —  —  278  1,410,788 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 1,339,390  —  270  —  —  270  1,339,660 
Consumer credit cards 9,293  —  —  —  —  —  9,293 
Consumer other 61,827  —  —  —  61,835 
Total loans and leases $ 9,315,913  $ 124,882  $ 130,020  $ —  $ —  $ 254,902  $ 9,570,815 
26


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 
  December 31, 2024
Non-Pass
Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Non-Pass Total
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 1,579,704  $ 65,892  $ 32,393  $ —  $ —  $ 98,285  $ 1,677,989 
Time and demand 1,037,723  64,757  31,115  —  —  95,872  1,133,595 
Commercial credit cards 11,718  —  —  —  —  —  11,718 
Equipment finance 424,911  1,131  1,278  —  —  2,409  427,320 
Time and demand other 105,352  —  —  —  105,356 
Real estate construction 480,675  180  2,529  —  —  2,709  483,384 
Construction other 472,658  180  2,529  —  —  2,709  475,367 
Construction residential 8,017  —  —  —  —  —  8,017 
Residential real estate 2,328,571  1,297  11,835  —  —  13,132  2,341,703 
Residential first lien 1,661,868  1,297  7,382  —  —  8,679  1,670,547 
Residential junior lien/home equity 666,703  —  4,453  —  —  4,453  671,156 
Commercial real estate 3,014,905  60,510  49,289  —  —  109,799  3,124,704 
Multifamily 578,725  18,346  74  —  —  18,420  597,145 
Non-owner occupied 1,754,255  21,869  28,826  —  —  50,695  1,804,950 
Owner occupied 681,925  20,295  20,389  —  —  40,684  722,609 
Loans to individuals 1,355,724  —  250  —  —  250  1,355,974 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 1,280,498  —  147  —  —  147  1,280,645 
Consumer credit cards 9,865  —  —  —  —  —  9,865 
Consumer other 65,361  —  103  —  —  103  65,464 
Total loans and leases $ 8,759,579  $ 127,879  $ 96,296  $ —  $ —  $ 224,175  $ 8,983,754 
The following table summarizes the loan risk rating category by loan type including term loans on an amortized cost basis by origination year:
June 30, 2025
Term Loans Revolving Loans
2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Total
(dollars in thousands)
Time and demand $ 70,892  $ 146,514  $ 113,962  $ 100,819  $ 77,765  $ 102,380  $ 643,228  $ 1,255,560 
Pass 69,257  146,078  110,239  93,731  58,221  95,476  563,059  1,136,061 
OAEM 1,635  309  1,228  3,153  10,878  3,255  35,116  55,574 
Substandard —  127  2,495  3,935  8,666  3,649  45,053  63,925 
Gross charge-offs —  —  (230) (760) (333) (1,673) (343) (3,339)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  402  —  550  2,850  3,802 
Commercial credit cards —  —  —  —  —  —  12,581  12,581 
Pass —  —  —  —  —  —  12,581  12,581 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  (124) (124)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  —  22  22 
Equipment finance 203,989  228,262  108,888  32,671  —  —  —  573,810 
Pass 203,989  227,464  107,819  31,719  —  —  —  570,991 
OAEM —  315  129  221  —  —  —  665 
Substandard —  483  940  731  —  —  —  2,154 
Gross charge-offs —  (245) (157) (724) —  —  —  (1,126)
Gross recoveries —  133  282  —  —  —  422 
27


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

June 30, 2025
Term Loans Revolving Loans
2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Total
(dollars in thousands)
Time and demand other 5,377  11,258  10,617  4,424  15,465  56,482  9,759  113,382 
Pass 5,377  11,258  10,617  4,424  15,465  56,482  9,756  113,379 
OAEM —  —  —  —  —  — 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  (833) (833)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  120  121 
Construction other 41,248  62,383  183,400  65,712  45,455  23,606  2,633  424,437 
Pass 41,248  62,383  183,400  64,994  37,349  23,606  2,633  415,613 
OAEM —  —  —  178  6,595  —  —  6,773 
Substandard —  —  —  540  1,511  —  —  2,051 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Construction residential 5,642  8,972  2,224  3,521  2,761  27  568  23,715 
Pass 5,642  8,972  2,224  3,521  1,697  27  568  22,651 
OAEM —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Substandard —  —  —  —  1,064  —  —  1,064 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Residential first lien 37,827  57,399  155,571  365,513  464,071  608,479  2,340  1,691,200 
Pass 37,827  57,380  152,912  362,891  462,247  603,778  2,272  1,679,307 
OAEM —  —  —  1,644  173  1,851  68  3,736 
Substandard —  19  2,659  978  1,651  2,850  —  8,157 
Gross charge-offs —  —  (91) (5) (8) (4) —  (108)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  42  —  42 
Residential junior lien/home equity 22,517  19,991  50,084  53,931  34,681  5,779  512,092  699,075 
Pass 22,517  19,991  50,073  53,856  34,681  5,584  508,008  694,710 
Substandard —  —  11  75  —  195  4,084  4,365 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  (118) (118)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  139  141 
Multifamily 11,354  27,920  31,419  266,676  128,405  177,549  1,647  644,970 
Pass 11,354  27,920  31,419  252,666  123,357  175,458  1,350  623,524 
OAEM —  —  —  14,010  5,048  1,092  297  20,447 
Substandard —  —  —  —  —  999  —  999 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Non-owner occupied 119,701  110,015  237,294  450,464  205,252  811,781  13,653  1,948,160 
Pass 119,701  110,015  237,294  438,277  201,908  783,516  13,564  1,904,275 
OAEM —  —  —  8,773  3,344  9,096  —  21,213 
Substandard —  —  —  3,414  —  19,169  89  22,672 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  (875) —  (875)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  115  —  115 
Owner occupied 48,654  82,638  117,075  150,153  138,395  222,384  13,838  773,137 
Pass 48,654  77,647  112,572  138,474  135,034  206,566  13,364  732,311 
OAEM —  610  2,370  5,825  3,214  4,325  127  16,471 
Substandard —  4,381  2,133  5,854  147  11,493  347  24,355 
Gross charge-offs —  (130) (126) (957) —  —  —  (1,213)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  52  —  52 
28


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

June 30, 2025
Term Loans Revolving Loans
2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Total
(dollars in thousands)
Automobile and recreational vehicles 292,556  343,161  264,788  259,959  116,750  62,446  —  1,339,660 
Pass 292,556  343,108  264,703  259,886  116,712  62,425  —  1,339,390 
Substandard —  53  85  73  38  21  —  270 
Gross charge-offs —  (658) (1,034) (1,241) (477) (140) —  (3,550)
Gross recoveries —  151  373  588  269  247  —  1,628 
Consumer credit cards —  —  —  —  —  —  9,293  9,293 
Pass —  —  —  —  —  —  9,293  9,293 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  (169) (169)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  —  48  48 
Consumer other 3,543  6,352  3,218  1,833  9,147  2,564  35,178  61,835 
Pass 3,543  6,352  3,218  1,833  9,141  2,564  35,176  61,827 
Substandard —  —  —  —  — 
Gross charge-offs —  (50) (108) (46) (68) (1) (708) (981)
Gross recoveries —  —  21  22  141  187 
Total loans and leases $ 863,300  $ 1,104,865  $ 1,278,540  $ 1,755,676  $ 1,238,147  $ 2,073,477  $ 1,256,810  $ 9,570,815 
Total charge-offs $ —  $ (1,083) $ (1,746) $ (3,733) $ (886) $ (2,693) $ (2,295) $ (12,436)
Total recoveries $ —  $ 158  $ 508  $ 1,273  $ 290  $ 1,031  $ 3,320  $ 6,580 
December 31, 2024
Term Loans Revolving Loans
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total
(dollars in thousands)
Time and demand $ 144,084  $ 115,113  $ 101,483  $ 80,688  $ 47,378  $ 67,103  $ 577,746  $ 1,133,595 
Pass 142,872  107,764  96,068  60,244  44,645  56,393  529,737  1,037,723 
OAEM 1,212  2,696  3,327  11,963  1,881  4,362  39,316  64,757 
Substandard —  4,653  2,088  8,481  852  6,348  8,693  31,115 
Gross charge-offs —  (17) (45) (271) (658) (4,380) (5,760) (11,131)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  208  197  29  435 
Commercial credit cards —  —  —  —  —  —  11,718  11,718 
Pass —  —  —  —  —  —  11,718  11,718 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  (251) (251)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  — 
Equipment finance 256,015  129,463  41,842  —  —  —  —  427,320 
Pass 255,572  128,560  40,779  —  —  —  —  424,911 
OAEM 443  267  421  —  —  —  —  1,131 
Substandard —  636  642  —  —  —  —  1,278 
Gross charge-offs (59) (984) (977) —  —  —  —  (2,020)
Gross recoveries —  98  76  —  —  —  —  174 
Time and demand other 10,746  10,813  4,561  16,526  18,435  41,261  3,014  105,356 
Pass 10,746  10,813  4,561  16,526  18,435  41,261  3,010  105,352 
OAEM —  —  —  —  —  — 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  (2,110) (2,110)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  10  188  198 
29


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2024
Term Loans Revolving Loans
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total
(dollars in thousands)
Construction other 54,109  195,536  136,010  62,890  7,030  18,766  1,026  475,367 
Pass 54,109  195,536  134,812  61,379  7,030  18,766  1,026  472,658 
OAEM —  —  180  —  —  —  —  180 
Substandard —  —  1,018  1,511  —  —  —  2,529 
Gross charge-offs —  —  (588) (504) —  —  —  (1,092)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  — 
Construction residential 1,743  3,366  1,740  1,140  —  28  —  8,017 
Pass 1,743  3,366  1,740  1,140  —  28  —  8,017 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Residential first lien 47,504  147,678  369,890  475,231  296,971  331,368  1,905  1,670,547 
Pass 47,504  145,898  369,111  473,418  296,170  327,934  1,833  1,661,868 
OAEM —  —  —  255  345  625  72  1,297 
Substandard —  1,780  779  1,558  456  2,809  —  7,382 
Gross charge-offs —  (108) (1) (20) (1) (61) —  (191)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  168  —  168 
Residential junior lien/home equity 21,770  53,985  58,662  37,644  1,163  5,406  492,526  671,156 
Pass 21,770  53,974  58,587  37,644  1,163  5,207  488,358  666,703 
Substandard —  11  75  —  —  199  4,168  4,453 
Gross charge-offs —  —  (1) —  —  —  (291) (292)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  32  170  202 
Multifamily 25,006  6,978  235,374  141,970  79,271  108,059  487  597,145 
Pass 25,006  6,978  222,965  136,872  78,844  107,573  487  578,725 
OAEM —  —  12,409  5,098  427  412  —  18,346 
Substandard —  —  —  —  —  74  —  74 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Non-owner occupied 120,201  206,496  435,072  182,234  147,034  702,907  11,006  1,804,950 
Pass 120,201  203,543  424,778  181,993  136,219  676,580  10,941  1,754,255 
OAEM —  —  10,294  241  1,641  9,693  —  21,869 
Substandard —  2,953  —  —  9,174  16,634  65  28,826 
Gross charge-offs —  —  (50) —  (3,761) (3,327) —  (7,138)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  59  —  59 
Owner occupied 64,019  112,272  152,714  145,807  58,919  176,674  12,204  722,609 
Pass 62,968  110,539  139,937  139,644  57,309  161,208  10,320  681,925 
OAEM —  876  7,002  6,129  198  4,260  1,830  20,295 
Substandard 1,051  857  5,775  34  1,412  11,206  54  20,389 
Gross charge-offs —  —  (141) (136) (1,050) (163) (50) (1,540)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  28  —  49  41  118 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 403,819  316,774  321,803  152,084  71,682  14,483  —  1,280,645 
Pass 403,803  316,734  321,776  152,052  71,674  14,459  —  1,280,498 
Substandard 16  40  27  32  24  —  147 
Gross charge-offs (310) (1,826) (3,223) (1,275) (525) (452) —  (7,611)
Gross recoveries 36  415  844  468  296  351  —  2,410 
Consumer credit cards —  —  —  —  —  —  9,865  9,865 
Pass —  —  —  —  —  —  9,865  9,865 
Gross charge-offs —  —  —  —  —  —  (428) (428)
Gross recoveries —  —  —  —  —  —  96  96 
30


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2024
Term Loans Revolving Loans
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total
(dollars in thousands)
Consumer other 7,878  4,351  2,530  10,325  642  2,291  37,447  65,464 
Pass 7,878  4,351  2,530  10,323  642  2,291  37,346  65,361 
Substandard —  —  —  —  —  101  103 
Gross charge-offs (17) (109) (93) (102) (20) (35) (1,248) (1,624)
Gross recoveries —  —  14  21  16  111  214  376 
Total loans and leases $ 1,156,894  $ 1,302,825  $ 1,861,681  $ 1,306,539  $ 728,525  $ 1,468,346  $ 1,158,944  $ 8,983,754 
Total charge-offs $ (386) $ (3,044) $ (5,119) $ (2,308) $ (6,015) $ (8,418) $ (10,138) $ (35,428)
Total recoveries $ 36  $ 513  $ 935  $ 517  $ 520  $ 983  $ 744  $ 4,248 
Portfolio Risks
The credit quality of our loan portfolio can potentially represent significant risk to our earnings, capital and liquidity. First Commonwealth devotes substantial resources to managing this risk primarily through our credit administration department that develops and administers policies and procedures for underwriting, maintaining, monitoring and collecting loans. Credit administration is independent of lending departments and oversight is provided by the Risk Committee of the First Commonwealth Board of Directors.
Total net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were $5.9 million and $8.7 million, respectively.
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans by Segment
The following tables delineate the aging analysis of the recorded investments in past due loans as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Also included in these tables are loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing because they are well-secured and in the process of collection.

31


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

  June 30, 2025
  30 - 59 days past due 60 - 89 days past due 90 days or greater and still accruing Nonaccrual Total past due and nonaccrual Current Total
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 3,386  $ 809  $ 259  $ 53,682  $ 58,136  $ 1,897,197  $ 1,955,333 
Time and demand 3,024  524  122  52,551  56,221  1,199,339  1,255,560 
Commercial credit cards 42  22  —  —  64  12,517  12,581 
Equipment finance 320  263  137  1,131  1,851  571,959  573,810 
Time and demand other —  —  —  —  —  113,382  113,382 
Real estate construction 348  —  —  3,115  3,463  444,689  448,152 
Construction other —  —  —  2,051  2,051  422,386  424,437 
Construction residential 348  —  —  1,064  1,412  22,303  23,715 
Residential real estate 4,158  1,053  778  12,345  18,334  2,371,941  2,390,275 
Residential first lien 2,644  819  411  7,980  11,854  1,679,346  1,691,200 
Residential junior lien/home equity 1,514  234  367  4,365  6,480  692,595  699,075 
Commercial real estate 1,581  1,139  30,087  32,810  3,333,457  3,366,267 
Multifamily —  —  —  961  961  644,009  644,970 
Non-owner occupied 361  1,036  —  17,453  18,850  1,929,310  1,948,160 
Owner occupied 1,220  103  11,673  12,999  760,138  773,137 
Loans to individuals 4,015  628  257  278  5,178  1,405,610  1,410,788 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 3,815  505  102  270  4,692  1,334,968  1,339,660 
Consumer credit cards 35  16  —  —  51  9,242  9,293 
Consumer other 165  107  155  435  61,400  61,835 
Total loans and leases $ 13,488  $ 3,629  $ 1,297  $ 99,507  $ 117,921  $ 9,452,894  $ 9,570,815 
32


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 
  December 31, 2024
  30 - 59 days past due 60 - 89 days past due 90 days or greater and still accruing Nonaccrual Total past due and nonaccrual Current Total
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 2,379  $ 1,544  $ 26  $ 14,987  $ 18,936  $ 1,659,053  $ 1,677,989 
Time and demand 649  1,126  26  14,181  15,982  1,117,613  1,133,595 
Commercial credit cards 61  26  —  —  87  11,631  11,718 
Equipment finance 1,659  392  —  806  2,857  424,463  427,320 
Time and demand other 10  —  —  —  10  105,346  105,356 
Real estate construction —  —  —  2,529  2,529  480,855  483,384 
Construction other —  —  —  2,529  2,529  472,838  475,367 
Construction residential —  —  —  —  —  8,017  8,017 
Residential real estate 5,677  1,659  1,588  11,587  20,511  2,321,192  2,341,703 
Residential first lien 3,904  1,184  1,134  7,134  13,356  1,657,191  1,670,547 
Residential junior lien/home equity 1,773  475  454  4,453  7,155  664,001  671,156 
Commercial real estate 1,597  1,099  —  32,103  34,799  3,089,905  3,124,704 
Multifamily 212  —  —  20  232  596,913  597,145 
Non-owner occupied 72  742  —  24,550  25,364  1,779,586  1,804,950 
Owner occupied 1,313  357  —  7,533  9,203  713,406  722,609 
Loans to individuals 5,020  1,143  450  250  6,863  1,349,111  1,355,974 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 4,667  930  149  147  5,893  1,274,752  1,280,645 
Consumer credit cards 24  28  —  —  52  9,813  9,865 
Consumer other 329  185  301  103  918  64,546  65,464 
Total loans and leases $ 14,673  $ 5,445  $ 2,064  $ 61,456  $ 83,638  $ 8,900,116  $ 8,983,754 
Nonaccrual Loans
The previous tables summarize nonaccrual loans by loan segment. The Company generally places loans on nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, when part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred, or the loans reach a certain number of days past due. Generally, loans 90 days or more past due are placed on nonaccrual status, except for most consumer loans, which are placed on nonaccrual status at 150 days past due. Consumer loans related to automobile and recreational vehicles are either charged off or repossessed at no later than 90 days past due unless the borrower is in the process of collection through bankruptcy proceedings.
When a loan is placed on nonaccrual, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and all future payments received are applied as a reduction to the loan principal. Generally, the loan is returned to accrual status when (a) all delinquent interest and principal becomes current under the terms of the loan agreement or (b) the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection and collectability is no longer in doubt.
Nonperforming Loans
Management considers loans to be nonperforming when, based on current information and events, it is determined that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract, including scheduled interest payments. When management identifies a loan as nonperforming, the credit loss is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole source for repayment of the loan is the operation or liquidation of collateral. When the loan is collateral dependent, the appraised value less estimated cost to sell is utilized. If management determines that the value of the loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, a credit loss is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance for credit losses.
33


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of a nonperforming loan is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of a nonperforming loan is not in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received under the cash basis method.
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no nonperforming loans held for sale. During both the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no gains recognized on the sale of nonperforming loans.
The following tables include the recorded investment and unpaid principal balance for nonperforming loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Also presented are the average recorded investment in nonperforming loans and the related amount of interest recognized while the loan was considered nonperforming. Average balances are calculated using month-end balances of the loans for the period reported and are included in the table below based on their period-end allowance position.
34


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

  June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
  Recorded
investment
Unpaid
principal
balance
Related specific
allowance
Recorded
investment
Unpaid
principal
balance
Related specific
allowance
  (dollars in thousands)
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 7,251  $ 15,602  $ 5,619  $ 21,745 
Time and demand 6,423  14,774  4,813  20,939 
Equipment finance 828  828  806  806 
Time and demand other —  —  —  — 
Real estate construction 1,511  1,511  2,529  2,581 
Construction other 1,511  1,511  2,529  2,581 
Construction residential —  —  —  — 
Residential real estate 9,238  10,837  8,875  10,524 
Residential first lien 6,471  7,419  6,020  6,993 
Residential junior lien/home equity 2,767  3,418  2,855  3,531 
Commercial real estate 16,869  23,417  18,346  24,047 
Multifamily 961  1,044  20  21 
Non-owner occupied 13,212  18,359  16,948  22,372 
Owner occupied 2,696  4,014  1,378  1,654 
Loans to individuals 278  4,622  250  2,237 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 270  4,520  147  2,080 
Consumer other 102  103  157 
Subtotal 35,147  55,989  35,619  61,134 
With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other 46,431  47,716  $ 10,325  9,368  10,459  $ 4,724 
Time and demand 46,128  47,413  10,212  9,368  10,459  4,724 
Equipment finance 303  303  113  —  —  — 
Time and demand other —  —  —  —  —  — 
Real estate construction 1,604  1,656  1,044  —  —  — 
Construction other 540  557  353  —  —  — 
Construction residential 1,064  1,099  691  —  —  — 
Residential real estate 3,107  3,286  780  2,712  2,885  369 
Residential first lien 1,509  1,514  434  1,114  1,113  47 
Residential junior lien/home equity 1,598  1,772  346  1,598  1,772  322 
Commercial real estate 13,218  13,502  1,939  13,757  15,058  2,872 
Multifamily —  —  —  —  —  — 
Non-owner occupied 4,241  4,340  986  7,602  8,686  2,093 
Owner occupied 8,977  9,162  953  6,155  6,372  779 
Loans to individuals —  —  —  —  —  — 
Automobile and recreational vehicles —  —  —  —  —  — 
Consumer other —  —  —  —  —  — 
Subtotal 64,360  66,160  14,088  25,837  28,402  7,965 
Total $ 99,507  $ 122,149  $ 14,088  $ 61,456  $ 89,536  $ 7,965 

35


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

  For the Six Months Ended June 30,
  2025 2024
  Average
recorded
investment
Interest
income
recognized
Average
recorded
investment
Interest
income
recognized
  (dollars in thousands)
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 8,647  $ 78  $ 5,153  $ — 
Time and demand 7,851  78  4,366  — 
Equipment finance 796  —  787  — 
Time and demand other —  —  —  — 
Real estate construction 1,681  106  3,718  — 
Construction other 1,681  106  3,718  — 
Construction residential —  —  —  — 
Residential real estate 9,599  42  7,943  113 
Residential first lien 6,759  29  4,708  110 
Residential junior lien/home equity 2,840  13  3,235 
Commercial real estate 21,013  228  5,426  46 
Multifamily 177  —  50  — 
Non-owner occupied 14,096  184  2,513 
Owner occupied 6,740  44  2,863  43 
Loans to individuals 262  143 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 223  141 
Consumer other 39  —  — 
Subtotal 41,202  455  22,383  162 
With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other 18,899  —  4,585 
Time and demand 18,848  —  4,542 
Equipment finance 51  —  43  — 
Time and demand other —  —  —  — 
Real estate construction 267  —  —  — 
Construction other 90  —  —  — 
Construction residential 177  —  —  — 
Residential real estate 2,789  —  1,249  — 
Residential first lien 1,191  —  —  — 
Residential junior lien/home equity 1,598  —  1,249  — 
Commercial real estate 6,600  —  13,193  — 
Multifamily —  —  —  — 
Non-owner occupied 2,920  —  12,223  — 
Owner occupied 3,680  —  970  — 
Loans to individuals —  —  —  — 
Automobile and recreational vehicles —  —  —  — 
Consumer other —  —  —  — 
Subtotal 28,555  —  19,027 
Total $ 69,757  $ 455  $ 41,410  $ 170 
36


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

For the Three Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024
Average
recorded
investment
Interest
income
recognized
Average
recorded
investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
(dollars in thousands)
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 6,906  $ —  $ 4,764  $ — 
Time and demand 6,153  —  3,959  — 
Equipment finance 753  —  805  — 
Time and demand other —  —  —  — 
Real estate construction 1,511  —  4,148  — 
Construction other 1,511  —  4,148  — 
Construction residential —  —  —  — 
Residential real estate 9,359  23  8,169  105 
Residential first lien 6,556  10  4,855  102 
Residential junior lien/home equity 2,803  13  3,314 
Commercial real estate 13,021  44  4,102  11 
Multifamily —  —  48  — 
Non-owner occupied 334  —  1,890 
Owner occupied 12,687  44  2,164  10 
Loans to individuals 254  134 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 246  132 
Consumer other —  — 
Subtotal 31,051  68  21,317  118 
With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other 32,311  —  6,014 
Time and demand 32,210  —  5,927 
Equipment finance 101  —  87  — 
Time and demand other —  —  —  — 
Real estate construction 535  —  —  — 
Construction other 180  —  —  — 
Construction residential 355  —  —  — 
Residential real estate 2,941  —  1,249  — 
Residential first lien 1,343  —  —  — 
Residential junior lien/home equity 1,598  —  1,249  — 
Commercial real estate 9,084  —  17,354  — 
Multifamily —  —  —  — 
Non-owner occupied 3,184  —  15,785  — 
Owner occupied 5,900  —  1,569  — 
Loans to individuals —  —  —  — 
Automobile and recreational vehicles —  —  —  — 
Consumer other —  —  —  — 
Subtotal 44,871  —  24,617 
Total $ 75,922  $ 68  $ 45,934  $ 126 
Unfunded commitments related to nonperforming loans were $0.2 million and $0.3 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. After consideration of the requirements to draw and available collateral related to these commitments, it was determined that no reserve was required for these commitments at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
37


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
In accordance with ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures ("ASU 2022-02"), modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extensions or any combination thereof. When calculating the allowance for credit losses, these modifications are included in their respective loan segment and an allowance is determined by a loss given default and probability of default methodology.
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Deferral Term Extension and Payment Deferral Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Deferral Rate Reduction and Payment Deferral Total Percentage of Total Loans and Leases
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ —  $ —  $ 31,880  $ 312  $ —  $ —  $ 32,192  1.65  %
Equipment finance —  —  —  312  —  —  312  0.05 
Residential real estate $ —  $ —  $ 25  $ 720  $ —  $ —  $ 745  0.03  %
Residential first lien —  —  —  698  —  —  698  0.04 
Residential junior lien/home equity —  —  25  22  —  —  47  0.01 
Commercial real estate —  —  —  —  3,201  —  3,201  0.10 
Non-owner occupied —  —  —  —  3,201  —  3,201  0.16 
Total $ —  $ —  $ 31,905  $ 1,032  $ 3,201  $ —  $ 36,138  0.38  %
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Deferral Term Extension and Payment Deferral Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Deferral Rate Reduction and Payment Deferral Total Percentage of Total Loans and Leases
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 189  $ 1,114  $ —  $ 66  $ —  $ 102  $ 1,471  0.09  %
Time and demand 189  1,114  —  —  —  —  1,303  0.11 
Equipment finance —  —  —  66  —  102  168  0.05 
Residential real estate —  89  —  389  —  —  478  0.02 
Residential first lien —  89  —  360  —  —  449  0.03 
Residential junior lien/home equity —  —  —  29  —  —  29  — 
Commercial real estate —  —  9,675  152  —  —  9,827  0.32 
Owner occupied —  —  9,675  152  —  —  9,827  1.36 
Loans to individuals —  12  —  13  —  34  — 
Automobile and recreational vehicles —  12  —  13  —  34  — 
Total $ 189  $ 1,215  $ 9,675  $ 616  $ 13  $ 102  $ 11,810  0.13  %
38


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

  For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Deferral Term Extension and Payment Deferral Total Percentage of Total Loans and Leases
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ —  $ —  $ 31,880  $ 312  $ 32,192  1.65  %
Time and demand —  —  31,880  —  31,880  2.54 
Equipment finance —  —  —  312  312  0.05 
Residential real estate —  —  25  140  165  0.01 
Residential first lien —  —  —  140  140  0.01 
Residential junior lien/home equity —  —  25  —  25  — 
Total $ —  $ —  $ 31,905  $ 452  $ 32,357  0.34  %
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Deferral Term Extension and Payment Deferral Total Percentage of Total Loans and Leases
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ —  $ 245  $ —  $ —  $ 245  0.02  %
Time and demand —  245  —  —  245  0.02 
Residential real estate —  —  —  193  193  0.01 
Residential first lien —  —  —  193  193  0.01 
Commercial real estate —  —  9,675  —  9,675  0.31 
Owner occupied —  —  9,675  —  9,675  1.34 
Total loans and leases $ —  $ 245  $ 9,675  $ 193  $ 10,113  0.11  %
The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Rate Reduction Term Extension (Years) Principal Forgiveness Payment Deferral (Years)
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other —  % 1.7 $ —  0.5
Time and demand —  0.0 —  0.5
Equipment finance —  1.7 —  1.0
Time and demand other —  0.0 —  0.0
Residential real estate —  3.0 —  1.2
Residential first lien —  3.0 —  1.3
Residential junior lien/home equity —  2.1 —  0.5
Commercial real estate 4.00  0.4 —  0.1
Non-owner occupied 4.00  0.4 —  0.1
Total 4.00  % 1.0 $ —  0.5
39


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Rate Reduction Term Extension (Years) Principal Forgiveness Payment Deferral (Years)
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other 1.78  % 2.1 $ —  0.4
Time and demand 1.50  2.1 —  0.0
Equipment finance 2.30  0.5 —  0.4
Residential real estate —  4.2 —  0.6
Residential first lien —  3.8 —  0.7
Residential junior lien/home equity —  10.3 —  0.3
Commercial real estate —  0.5 —  0.9
Owner occupied —  0.5 —  0.9
Loans to individuals 2.39  2.6 —  0.4
Automobile and recreational vehicles 2.39  2.6 —  0.4
Total 1.81  % 2.5 $ —  0.9

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Rate Reduction Term Extension (Years) Principal Forgiveness Payment Deferral (Years)
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other —  % 1.7 $ —  0.5
Time and demand —  0.0 —  0.5
Equipment finance —  1.7 —  1.0
Residential real estate —  1.9 —  0.6
Residential first lien —  1.9 —  0.7
Total —  % 1.8 $ —  0.5
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Rate Reduction Term Extension (Years) Principal Forgiveness Payment Deferral (Years)
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other —  % 5.0 $ —  0.0
Time and demand —  5.0 —  0.0
Residential real estate —  1.4 —  0.5
Residential first lien —  1.4 —  0.5
Commercial real estate —  0.0 —  0.9
Owner occupied —  0.0 —  0.9
Total —  % 3.4 $ —  0.9
40


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

A modification is considered to be in default when the loan is 90 days or more past due. The following table shows modifications considered to be in default.
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Number of Contracts Balance Number of Contracts Balance
(dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate $ 388  $ 179 
Residential first lien 388  179 
Total loans and leases $ 388  $ 179 
The following table shows the payment status of loans that have been modified in the last twelve months prior to the date presented:
June 30, 2025
Current 30 - 59 days past due 60 - 89 days past due 90 days or greater Total
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 33,807  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 33,807 
Time and demand 33,495  —  —  —  33,495 
Real estate construction 178  —  —  —  178 
Construction other 178  —  —  —  178 
Residential real estate 1,041  166  —  388  1,595 
Residential first lien 848  166  —  388  1,402 
Residential junior lien/home equity 193  —  —  —  193 
Commercial real estate 3,321  —  —  —  3,321 
Non-owner occupied 3,321  —  —  —  3,321 
Owner occupied —  —  —  —  — 
Total loans and leases $ 38,347  $ 166  $ —  $ 388  $ 38,901 
December 31, 2024
Current 30 - 59 days past due 60 - 89 days past due 90 days or greater Total
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 3,871  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 3,871 
Time and demand 3,871  —  —  —  3,871 
Real estate construction 180  —  —  —  180 
Construction other 180  —  —  —  180 
Residential real estate 1,455  88  99  179  1,821 
Residential first lien 1,258  88  99  179  1,624 
Residential junior lien/home equity 197  —  —  —  197 
Commercial real estate 9,796  —  —  —  9,796 
Non-owner occupied 123  —  —  —  123 
Owner occupied 9,673  —  —  —  9,673 
Loans to individuals 30  —  —  —  30 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 30  —  —  —  30 
Total loans and leases $ 15,332  $ 88  $ 99  $ 179  $ 15,698 

41


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following tables provide detail related to the allowance for credit losses:
  For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Beginning balance Day 1 Allowance for credit loss on PCD acquired loans Charge-offs Recoveries
Provision (credit)a
Ending balance
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 29,131  $ 1,616  $ (5,422) $ 4,367  $ 8,860  $ 38,552 
Time and demand 19,433  1,616  (3,339) 3,802  4,955  26,467 
Commercial credit cards 182  —  (124) 22  133  213 
Equipment finance 7,844  —  (1,126) 422  2,247  9,387 
Time and demand other 1,672  —  (833) 121  1,525  2,485 
Real estate construction 6,030  1,104  —  —  402  7,536 
Construction other 5,916  370  —  —  232  6,518 
Construction residential 114  734  —  —  170  1,018 
Residential real estate 22,396  307  (226) 183  1,108  23,768 
Residential first lien 15,758  300  (108) 42  680  16,672 
Residential junior lien/home equity 6,638  (118) 141  428  7,096 
Commercial real estate 40,232  1,087  (2,088) 167  1,448  40,846 
Multifamily 5,431  120  —  —  (112) 5,439 
Non-owner occupied 23,332  943  (875) 115  (609) 22,906 
Owner occupied 11,469  24  (1,213) 52  2,169  12,501 
Loans to individuals 21,117  (4,700) 1,863  3,982  22,264 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 18,693  (3,550) 1,628  3,411  20,183 
Consumer credit cards 341  —  (169) 48  118  338 
Consumer other 2,083  (981) 187  453  1,743 
Total loans and leases $ 118,906  $ 4,116  $ (12,436) $ 6,580  $ 15,800  $ 132,966 
a) The provision expense (credit) shown here includes the day 1 provision on non-PCD loans acquired from Center and excludes the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure included in the income statement.
42


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

  For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
  Beginning balance Charge-offs Recoveries
Provision (credit)a
Ending balance
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 27,996  $ (5,250) $ 523  $ 7,339  $ 30,608 
Time and demand 22,819  (3,377) 394  3,753  23,589 
Commercial credit cards 278  (102) —  68  244 
Equipment finance 3,399  (714) 36  2,571  5,292 
Time and demand other 1,500  (1,057) 93  947  1,483 
Real estate construction 7,418  (35) (1,000) 6,389 
Construction other 6,448  (35) (402) 6,017 
Construction residential 970  —  —  (598) 372 
Residential real estate 23,901  (255) 170  (1,643) 22,173 
Residential first lien 16,975  (109) 113  (1,234) 15,745 
Residential junior lien/home equity 6,926  (146) 57  (409) 6,428 
Commercial real estate 37,071  (624) 124  5,973  42,544 
Multifamily 5,233  —  —  (27) 5,206 
Non-owner occupied 19,995  (470) 48  5,463  25,036 
Owner occupied 11,843  (154) 76  537  12,302 
Loans to individuals 21,332  (4,868) 1,505  3,971  21,940 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 19,142  (3,725) 1,261  2,998  19,676 
Consumer credit cards 372  (228) 45  157  346 
Consumer other 1,818  (915) 199  816  1,918 
Total loans and leases $ 117,718  $ (11,032) $ 2,328  $ 14,640  $ 123,654 
a) The provision expense (credit) shown here excludes the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure included in the income statement.
43


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Beginning balance Day 1 Allowance for credit loss on PCD acquired loans Charge-offs Recoveries
Provision (credit)a
Ending balance
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 31,345  $ 1,616  $ (1,403) $ 677  $ 6,317  $ 38,552 
Time and demand 20,400  1,616  (363) 318  4,496  26,467 
Commercial credit cards 210  —  (26) —  29  213 
Equipment finance 8,776  —  (550) 291  870  9,387 
Time and demand other 1,959  —  (464) 68  922  2,485 
Real estate construction 6,832  1,104  —  —  (400) 7,536 
Construction other 6,675  370  —  —  (527) 6,518 
Construction residential 157  734  —  —  127  1,018 
Residential real estate 22,338  307  (118) 46  1,195  23,768 
Residential first lien 15,603  300  (75) 26  818  16,672 
Residential junior lien/home equity 6,735  (43) 20  377  7,096 
Commercial real estate 38,371  1,087  (624) 11  2,001  40,846 
Multifamily 5,478  120  —  —  (159) 5,439 
Non-owner occupied 21,814  943  (1) 145  22,906 
Owner occupied 11,079  24  (623) 2,015  12,501 
Loans to individuals 21,045  (2,281) 934  2,564  22,264 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 19,049  (1,745) 782  2,096  20,183 
Consumer credit cards 323  —  (74) 30  59  338 
Consumer other 1,673  (462) 122  409  1,743 
Total loans and leases $ 119,931  $ 4,116  $ (4,426) $ 1,668  $ 11,677  $ 132,966 
a) The provision expense (credit) shown here includes the day 1 provision on non-PCD loans acquired from Center and excludes the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure included in the income statement.
44


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

  For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
  Beginning balance Charge-offs Recoveries
Provision (credit)a
Ending balance
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 27,046  $ (2,588) $ 103  $ 6,047  $ 30,608 
Time and demand 20,836  (1,612) 47  4,318  23,589 
Commercial credit cards 305  (58) —  (3) 244 
Equipment finance 4,326  (363) 21  1,308  5,292 
Time and demand other 1,579  (555) 35  424  1,483 
Real estate construction 6,549  (35) —  (125) 6,389 
Construction other 5,801  (35) —  251  6,017 
Construction residential 748  —  —  (376) 372 
Residential real estate 23,893  (175) 111  (1,656) 22,173 
Residential first lien 16,883  (81) 70  (1,127) 15,745 
Residential junior lien/home equity 7,010  (94) 41  (529) 6,428 
Commercial real estate 39,103  (341) 10  3,772  42,544 
Multifamily 5,225  —  —  (19) 5,206 
Non-owner occupied 22,064  (187) 3,155  25,036 
Owner occupied 11,814  (154) 636  12,302 
Loans to individuals 22,507  (2,330) 843  920  21,940 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 20,243  (1,783) 708  508  19,676 
Consumer credit cards 347  (78) 27  50  346 
Consumer other 1,917  (469) 108  362  1,918 
Total loans and leases $ 119,098  $ (5,469) $ 1,067  $ 8,958  $ 123,654 
a) The provision expense (credit) shown here excludes the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure included in the income statement.

Note 9 Leases
First Commonwealth has elected to apply certain practical expedients provided under ASU 2016-02 "Leases" (Topic 842) including (i) to not apply the requirements in the new standard to short-term leases; (ii) to not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing lease; (iii) to account for lease and non-lease components separately; and (iv) to not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The impact of this standard primarily relates to operating leases of certain real estate properties, including certain branch and ATM locations and office space. First Commonwealth has no material leasing arrangements for which it is the lessor of property or equipment.
45


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table represents the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Condition classification of the Company’s right of use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities, lease costs and other lease information.
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Balance sheet:
Operating lease asset classified as premises and equipment $ 39,721  $ 40,171 
Operating lease liability classified as other liabilities 44,190  44,654 
For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended
June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024
Income statement:
    Operating lease cost classified as occupancy and equipment expense
$ 1,467  $ 1,455  $ 2,878  $ 2,927 
Weighted average lease term, in years 12.66 13.15
Weighted average discount rate 3.87  % 3.65  %
Operating cash flows $ 2,891  $ 2,923 
The ROU assets and lease liabilities are impacted by the length of the lease term and the discount rate used to present value the minimum lease payments. First Commonwealth's lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company's discretion. If we consider the renewal option to be reasonably certain, we include the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability.
First Commonwealth uses incremental borrowing rates when calculating the lease liability because the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rate used by First Commonwealth is an amortizing loan rate obtained from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Pittsburgh. This rate is consistent with a collateralized borrowing rate and is available for terms similar to the lease payment schedules.
Future minimum payments for operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of June 30, 2025 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
For the twelve months ended:
June 30, 2026 $ 5,405 
June 30, 2027 5,089 
June 30, 2028 4,702 
June 30, 2029 4,705 
June 30, 2030 4,501 
Thereafter 32,217 
Total future minimum lease payments 56,619 
Less remaining imputed interest 12,429 
Operating lease liability $ 44,190 

Note 10 Income Taxes
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740-10, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, First Commonwealth had no material unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. If applicable, First Commonwealth will record interest and penalties as a component of noninterest expense.
First Commonwealth is subject to routine audits of our tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) as well as all states in which we conduct business. Generally, tax years prior to the year ended December 31, 2021 are no longer open to examination by federal and state taxing authorities.
46


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the legislation formally titled “An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Title II of H. Con. Res. 14” and commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill (“the Act”). The Company is currently evaluating income tax implications of the Act and at this time does not expect the Act to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
Note 11 Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” ("Topic 820"), requires disclosures for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). All non-financial assets are included either as a separate line item on the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition or in the “Other assets” category of the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Currently, First Commonwealth does not have any non-financial liabilities to disclose.
FASB ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments” ("Topic 825"), permits entities to irrevocably elect to measure select financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The unrealized gains and losses are required to be included in earnings each reporting period for the items that fair value measurement is elected. First Commonwealth has elected not to measure any existing financial instruments at fair value under Topic 825; however, in the future we may elect to adopt this guidance for select financial instruments.
 
In accordance with Topic 820, First Commonwealth groups financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in three levels based on the principal markets in which the assets and liabilities are transacted and the observability of the data points used to determine fair value. These levels are:
•Level 1 – Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2 – Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer or broker markets. Valuations are obtained for observable inputs for identical or comparable assets or liabilities from alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Level 2 includes Obligations of U.S. Government securities issued by Agencies and Sponsored Enterprises, Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions, corporate securities, loans held for sale, interest rate derivatives (including interest rate caps, interest rate collars, interest rate swaps and risk participation agreements), certain other real estate owned and certain nonperforming loans.
Level 2 investment securities are valued by a recognized third party pricing service using observable inputs. The model used by the pricing service varies by asset class and incorporates available market, trade and bid information as well as cash flow information when applicable. Because many fixed-income investment securities do not trade on a daily basis, the model uses available information such as benchmark yield curves, benchmarking of like investment securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing. The model will also use processes such as an option-adjusted spread to assess the impact of interest rates and to develop prepayment estimates. Market inputs normally used in the pricing model include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data including market research publications.
Management validates the market values provided by the third party service by having another source price 100% of the securities on a monthly basis, monthly monitoring of variances from prior period pricing and, on a monthly basis, evaluating pricing changes compared to expectations based on changes in the financial markets.
Loans held for sale include residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the secondary mortgage market. The estimated fair value for these loans was determined on the basis of rates obtained in the respective secondary market. Loans held for sale could also include the Small Business Administration guaranteed portion of small business loans. The estimated fair value of these loans is based on the contract with the third party investor. When loans held for sale include other commercial loans, fair value is determined using an executed trade or market bid obtained from potential buyers. There were no loans held for sale in a delinquent or nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Interest rate derivatives are reported at an estimated fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs and are included in other assets and other liabilities, and consist of interest rate swaps where there is no significant deterioration in the counterparties' and/or loan customers' credit risk since origination of the interest rate swap, as well as interest rate caps, interest rate collars and risk participation agreements. First Commonwealth values its interest rate swap and cap positions using a yield curve by taking market prices/rates for an appropriate set of instruments. The set of instruments used to determine the U.S. Dollar yield curve includes Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") rates from overnight to one year, Eurodollar futures contracts and SOFR swap rates from one year to thirty years.
47


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

These yield curves determine the valuations of interest rate swaps. Interest rate derivatives are further described in Note 12, “Derivatives.”
For purposes of potential valuation adjustments to our derivative positions, First Commonwealth evaluates the credit risk of its counterparties as well as our own credit risk. Accordingly, we have considered factors such as the likelihood of default, expected loss given default, net exposures and remaining contractual life, among other things, in determining if any estimated fair value adjustments related to credit risk are required. We review our counterparty exposure quarterly, and when necessary, appropriate adjustments are made to reflect the exposure.
We also utilize this approach to estimate our own credit risk on derivative liability positions. In 2025 and 2024, we have not realized any losses due to a counterparty's inability to pay any net uncollateralized position.
Interest rate derivatives also include interest rate forwards entered to hedge residential mortgage loans held for sale and the related interest-rate lock commitments. This includes forward commitments to sell mortgage loans. The fair value of these derivative financial instruments are based on derivative market data inputs as of the valuation date and the underlying value of mortgage loans for rate lock commitments.
•Level 3 – Valuations for assets and liabilities that are derived from other valuation methodologies, including option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques, and not based on market exchange, dealer or broker traded transactions. If the inputs used to provide the valuation are unobservable and/or there is very little, if any, market activity for the security or similar securities, the securities would be considered Level 3 securities. Level 3 valuations incorporate certain assumptions and projections in determining the fair value assigned to such assets or liabilities. The assets included in Level 3 are certain nonperforming loans.
There are no Level 3 fair value measurements that require quantitative inputs and assumptions.
The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
  June 30, 2025
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
  (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies:
Mortgage-Backed Securities - Residential $ —  $ 2,692  $ —  $ 2,692 
Mortgage-Backed Securities - Commercial —  713,010  —  713,010 
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises:
Mortgage-Backed Securities - Residential —  325,313  —  325,313 
Other Government-Sponsored Enterprises —  968  —  968 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions —  7,261  —  7,261 
Corporate Securities —  62,465  —  62,465 
Total Securities Available for Sale —  1,111,709  —  1,111,709 
Loans Held for Sale —  42,116  —  42,116 
Other Assets(a)
—  14,586  —  14,586 
Total Assets $ —  $ 1,168,411  $ —  $ 1,168,411 
Other Liabilities(a)
$ —  $ 19,227  $ —  $ 19,227 
Total Liabilities $ —  $ 19,227  $ —  $ 19,227 
(a)Hedging and non-hedging interest rate derivatives
48


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

  December 31, 2024
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
  (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies:
Mortgage-Backed Securities - Residential $ —  $ 2,898  $ —  $ 2,898 
Mortgage-Backed Securities - Commercial —  724,175  —  724,175 
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises:
Mortgage-Backed Securities - Residential —  350,584  —  350,584 
Other Government-Sponsored Enterprises —  946  —  946 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions —  7,527  —  7,527 
Corporate Securities —  61,493  —  61,493 
Total Securities Available for Sale —  1,147,623  —  1,147,623 
Loans Held for Sale —  51,991  —  51,991 
Other Assets(a)
—  41,569  —  41,569 
Total Assets $ —  $ 1,241,183  $ —  $ 1,241,183 
Other Liabilities(a)
$ —  $ 51,983  $ —  $ 51,983 
Total Liabilities $ —  $ 51,983  $ —  $ 51,983 
(a)Hedging and non-hedging interest rate derivatives
During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no transfers between fair value Levels 1, 2 or 3.
There were no gains or losses included in earnings for the periods presented that are attributable to the change in realized gains (losses) relating to assets held at June 30, 2025 and 2024.
The tables below present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the dates shown below:
  June 30, 2025
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
  (dollars in thousands)
Nonperforming loans $ —  $ 70,774  $ 14,645  $ 85,419 
Other real estate owned —  1,048  —  1,048 
Total Assets $ —  $ 71,822  $ 14,645  $ 86,467 

  December 31, 2024
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
  (dollars in thousands)
Nonperforming loans $ —  $ 39,407  $ 14,084  $ 53,491 
Other real estate owned —  1,215  —  1,215 
Total Assets $ —  $ 40,622  $ 14,084  $ 54,706 
49


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following (losses) gains were realized on the assets measured on a nonrecurring basis:
  For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
  2025 2024 2025 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Nonperforming loans $ (5,284) $ (6,750) $ (12,734) $ (8,554)
Other real estate owned (32) (4) (32) (38)
Total losses $ (5,316) $ (6,754) $ (12,766) $ (8,592)
Nonperforming loans over $250 thousand are individually reviewed to determine the amount of each loan considered to be at risk of non-collection. The fair value for nonperforming loans that are collateral-based is determined by reviewing real property appraisals, equipment valuations, accounts receivable listings and other financial information. A discounted cash flow analysis is performed to determine fair value for nonperforming loans when an observable market price or a current appraisal is not available. For real estate secured loans, First Commonwealth’s loan policy requires updated appraisals be obtained at least every twelve months on all nonperforming loans with balances of $250 thousand and over. For real estate secured loans with balances under $250 thousand, we rely on broker price opinions. For non-real estate secured assets, the Company normally relies on third party valuations specific to the collateral type.
The fair value for other real estate owned that is determined by either an independent market-based appraisal less estimated costs to sell or an executed sales agreement, is classified as Level 2. The fair value for other real estate owned that is determined using an internal valuation, is classified as Level 3. Other real estate owned has a current carrying value of $1.0 million as of June 30, 2025 and primarily consists of residential real estate properties in Pennsylvania and Ohio. We review whether events and circumstances subsequent to a transfer to other real estate owned have occurred that indicate the balance of those assets may not be recoverable. If events and circumstances indicate further impairment, we will record a charge to the extent that the carrying value of the assets exceed their fair values, less estimated cost to sell, as determined by valuation techniques appropriate in the circumstances.
Certain other assets and liabilities, including goodwill, core deposit intangibles and customer list intangibles, are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances. Additional information related to goodwill is provided in Note 13, “Goodwill.” There were no other assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
FASB ASC Topic 825-10, “Transition Related to FSP FAS 107-1” and APB 28-1, “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis are as discussed above. The methodologies for other financial assets and financial liabilities are discussed below.
Cash and due from banks and interest-bearing bank deposits: The carrying amounts for cash and due from banks and interest-bearing bank deposits approximate the estimated fair values of such assets.
Securities: Fair values for securities available for sale and held to maturity are based on quoted market prices, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments. The carrying value of other investments, which includes FHLB stock and other equity investments, is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value.
Loans: The fair values of all loans are estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using interest rates currently offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality adjusted for past due and nonperforming loans.
Loans held for sale: The estimated fair value of loans held for sale is based on market bids obtained from potential buyers.
Off-balance sheet instruments: Many of First Commonwealth’s off-balance sheet instruments, primarily loan commitments and standby letters of credit, are expected to expire without being drawn upon; therefore, the commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. FASB ASC Topic 460, “Guarantees” clarified that a guarantor is required to recognize, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. The carrying amount and estimated fair value for standby letters of credit was $0.3 million at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
50


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

See Note 6, “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities,” for additional information.
Deposit liabilities: The estimated fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts and money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date because of the customers’ ability to withdraw funds immediately. The fair value of fixed rate time deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using interest rates currently being offered and a schedule of aggregated expected maturities.
Short-term borrowings: The fair values of borrowings from the FHLB were estimated based on the estimated incremental borrowing rate for similar type borrowings. The carrying amounts of other short-term borrowings, such as federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreement to repurchase, were used to approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the borrowings.
Subordinated debt and long-term debt: The fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using First Commonwealth’s estimate of the current market rate for similar types of borrowing arrangements.
51


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table presents carrying amounts and fair values of First Commonwealth’s financial instruments:
  June 30, 2025
    Fair Value Measurements Using:
  Carrying
Amount
Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
  (dollars in thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks $ 121,052  $ 121,052  $ 121,052  $ —  $ — 
Interest-bearing deposits 39,114  39,114  39,114  —  — 
Securities available for sale 1,111,709  1,111,709  —  1,111,709  — 
Securities held to maturity 498,043  442,520  —  442,520  — 
Other investments 41,614  41,614  —  35,882  5,732 
Loans held for sale 42,993  43,096  —  43,096  — 
Loans and leases 9,570,815  9,690,069  —  70,774  9,619,295 
Financial liabilities
Deposits 10,104,582  10,100,566  —  10,100,566  — 
Short-term borrowings 225,874  224,934  —  224,934  — 
Subordinated debt 128,385  117,872  —  —  117,872 
Long-term debt 129,957  130,502  —  130,502  — 
Capital lease obligation 4,027  4,027  —  4,027  — 
  December 31, 2024
    Fair Value Measurements Using:
  Carrying
Amount
Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
  (dollars in thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks $ 105,051  $ 105,051  $ 105,051  $ —  $ — 
Interest-bearing deposits 28,358  28,358  28,358  —  — 
Securities available for sale 1,147,623  1,147,623  —  1,147,623  — 
Securities held to maturity 405,639  336,719  —  336,719  — 
Other investments 30,954  30,954  —  25,222  5,732 
Loans held for sale 51,991  52,219  —  52,219  — 
Loans and leases 8,983,754  8,999,020  —  39,407  8,959,613 
Financial liabilities
Deposits 9,678,019  9,672,358  —  9,672,358  — 
Short-term borrowings 80,139  79,151  —  79,151  — 
Subordinated debt 128,305  115,747  —  —  115,747 
Long-term debt 130,353  129,880  —  129,880  — 
Capital lease obligation 4,327  4,327  —  4,327  — 
Note 12 Derivatives
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
First Commonwealth is a party to interest rate derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments. These derivatives relate to interest rate swaps that First Commonwealth enters into with customers to allow customers to convert variable rate loans to a fixed rate. First Commonwealth pays interest to the customer at a floating rate on the notional amount and receives interest from the customer at a fixed rate for the same notional amount. At the same time the interest rate swap is entered into with the customer, an offsetting interest rate swap is entered into with another financial institution. First Commonwealth pays the other financial institution interest at the same fixed rate on the same notional amount as the swap entered into with the customer, and receives interest from the financial institution for the same floating rate on the same notional amount.
52


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The changes in the fair value of the swaps offset each other, except for the credit risk of the counterparties, which is determined by taking into consideration the risk rating, probability of default and loss given default for all counterparties.
We have 23 risk participation agreements with financial institution counterparties for interest rate swaps related to loans in which we are a participant. The risk participation agreements provide credit protection to the financial institution should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract with the financial institution. We have 21 risk participation agreements with financial institution counterparties for interest rate swaps related to loans in which we are the lead bank. The risk participation agreement provides credit protection to us should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract with us.
First Commonwealth is also party to interest rate caps and collars that are not designated as hedging instruments. The interest rate caps relate to contracts that First Commonwealth enters into with loan customers that provide a maximum interest rate on their variable rate loan. At the same time the interest rate cap is entered into with the customer, First Commonwealth enters into an offsetting interest rate cap with another financial institution. The notional amount and maximum interest rate on both interest cap contracts are identical. The interest rate collars relate to contracts that First Commonwealth enters into with loan customers that provide both a maximum and minimum interest rate on their variable rate loan. At the same time the interest rate collar is entered into with the customer, First Commonwealth enters into an offsetting interest rate collar with another financial institution. The notional amount and the maximum and minimum interest rates on both interest collar contracts are identical.
The fee received for such derivatives, less the estimate of the loss for the credit exposure, is recognized in earnings at the time of the transaction.
The Company also enters into interest rate lock commitments in conjunction with its mortgage origination business. These are commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding and the customers have locked into that interest rate. The Company locks in the rate with an investor and commits to deliver the loan if settlement occurs (“best efforts”) or commits to deliver the locked loan in a binding (“mandatory”) delivery program with an investor. Loans under mandatory rate lock commitments are covered under forward sales contracts of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”). Forward sales contracts of MBS are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in "Noninterest income" in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact to noninterest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was an increase of $0.5 million.
Interest rate lock commitments and commitments to deliver loans to investors are considered derivatives. The market value of interest rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not readily ascertainable with precision because they are not actively traded in stand-alone markets. We determine the fair value of rate lock commitments and delivery contracts by measuring the fair value of the underlying asset, which is impacted by current interest rates and takes into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close or will be funded. At June 30, 2025, the underlying funded mortgage loan commitments had a carrying value of $12.5 million and a fair value of $14.5 million, while the underlying unfunded mortgage loan commitments had a notional amount of $56.6 million. At December 31, 2024, the underlying funded mortgage loan commitments had a carrying value of $8.3 million and a fair value of $9.6 million, while the underlying unfunded mortgage loan commitments had a notional amount of $60.9 million. The interest rate lock commitments decreased other noninterest income by $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively.
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
In August 2019, the Company entered into two interest rate swap contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges. One of the contracts, with a notional amount of $30.0 million, matured on August 15, 2024 and the other contract, with a notional amount of $40.0 million, matures on August 15, 2026. The Company's risk management objective for these hedges is to reduce its exposure to variability in expected future cash flows related to interest payments made on subordinated debentures. Initially, these swaps were benchmarked to the 3-month LIBOR rate; however, as a result of the discontinuance of the LIBOR rate on June 30, 2023, both of the swap contracts were amended to hedge exposure to the variability of the 3-month Daily Simple SOFR, compounded in arrears. This change is in agreement with amendments made to the interest rate on the subordinated debentures as a result of the discontinuance of LIBOR. Therefore, the interest rate swaps convert the interest rate benchmark on the first $40.0 million of 3-month SOFR based subordinated debentures to a fixed rate.
During 2021, the Company entered into eight interest rate swap contracts that were designated as cash flow hedges, $75.0 million of which matured during 2024 and $150.0 million which matured in May 2025. The remaining interest rate swaps have a total notional amount of $275.0 million: $250.0 million with an original maturity of four years and $25.0 million with an original maturity of five years.
53


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The Company's risk management objective for these hedges is to reduce its exposure to variability in expected future cash flows related to interest payments on commercial loans. Initially these swaps were benchmarked to the 1-month LIBOR rate; however, as a result of the discontinuance of the LIBOR rate on June 30, 2023, these swaps were amended to hedge exposure to the variability of the 1-month Daily Simple SOFR rate compounded in arrears. Therefore, the interest rate swaps convert the interest payments on the first $275.0 million of 1-month Daily Simple SOFR based commercial loans into fixed rate payments. The following table provides the notional amount of interest rate swap contracts and their maturity date.
Notional Amount Maturity Date
(dollars in thousands)
$ 25,000  08/25/25
25,000 10/10/25
50,000 11/05/25
150,000 05/01/26
25,000 10/15/26
$ 275,000 
The periodic net settlement of these interest rate swaps are recorded as an adjustment to "Interest on subordinated debentures" or "Interest and fees on loans" in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, there was a negative impact on net interest income of $2.9 million and $6.3 million, respectively, as a result of these interest rate swaps. Changes in the fair value of the cash flow hedges are reported on the balance sheet and in OCI. When the cash flows associated with the hedged item are realized, the gain or loss included in OCI is recognized in "Interest on subordinated debentures," or "Interest and fees on loans", the same line items in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income as the income on the hedged items. The cash flow hedges were highly effective at June 30, 2025, and changes in the fair value attributed to hedge ineffectiveness were not material.
The following table depicts the credit value and fair value adjustments recorded related to the notional amount of derivatives outstanding as well as the notional amount of risk participation agreements participated to other banks:
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Interest rate derivatives:
Credit value adjustment $ (212) $ (59)
Notional amount:
Interest rate derivatives 1,039,080  966,978 
Interest rate caps 51,067  28,950 
Interest rate collars 524  524 
Risk participation agreements 156,136  179,959 
Sold credit protection on risk participation agreements (158,411) (151,079)
Interest rate options 56,601  60,934 
Interest rate forwards:
Fair value adjustment (343) 398 
Notional amount 46,000  60,000 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Interest rate swaps:
Fair value adjustment (4,086) (10,754)
Notional amount 315,000  465,000 
 
54


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)


The table below presents the change in the fair value of derivative assets and derivative liabilities attributable to credit risk or fair value changes included in "Other income", "Other expense," "Interest on subordinated debentures" or "Interest and fees on loans" in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income:
  For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
  2025 2024 2025 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Non-hedging interest rate derivatives
(Decrease) increase in other income $ (8) $ 13  $ 303  $ 296 
Non-hedging interest rate forwards
(Decrease) increase in other income (614) 206  (741) 408 
Hedging interest rate derivatives
Decrease in interest and fees on loans (2,944) (5,907) (6,905) (12,202)
Decrease in interest from subordinated debentures (312) (724) (622) (1,447)

The fair value of our derivatives is included in a table in Note 11, “Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities,” in the line items “Other assets” and “Other liabilities.”
Note 13 Goodwill
FASB ASC Topic 350-20, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other” requires an annual valuation of the fair value of a reporting unit that has goodwill and a comparison of the fair value to the book value of equity to determine whether the goodwill has been impaired. Goodwill is also required to be tested on an interim basis if an event or circumstance indicates that it is more likely than not that an impairment loss has been incurred. When circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that fair value is less than carrying value, a triggering event has occurred and a quantitative impairment test would be performed.
We consider First Commonwealth to be one reporting unit (see Note 16 - "Segment Reporting"). The carrying amount of goodwill at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $378.7 million and $363.7 million respectively. The increase in goodwill during the six months ended June 30, 2025 is the result of the Center acquisition. No impairment charges on goodwill or other intangible assets were incurred in 2025 or 2024.
We test goodwill for impairment as of November 30th each year and again at any quarter-end if any material events occur during a quarter that may affect goodwill.
As of June 30, 2025, no indicators of impairment were identified; however, changing economic conditions that may adversely affect our performance, the fair value of our assets and liabilities, or our stock price could result in impairment, which could adversely affect earnings in future periods. Management will continue to monitor events that could impact this conclusion in the future.
55


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 14 Subordinated Debentures
Subordinated debentures outstanding are as follows:
    June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
  Due Rate Amount Amount
    (dollars in thousands)
Owed to:
First Commonwealth Bank 2033 5.50% until June 1, 2028, then 3-Month CME Term SOFR + 0.26161% + 2.37% $ 49,445  $ 49,411 
First Commonwealth Financial Corp 2031 4.50% until March 29, 2026, then Prime + 1.00% 6,773  6,727 
First Commonwealth Capital Trust II 2034 3-Month CME Term SOFR + 0.26161% + 2.85% 30,929  30,929 
First Commonwealth Capital Trust III 2034 3-Month CME Term SOFR + 0.26161% + 2.85% 41,238  41,238 
Total $ 128,385  $ 128,305 
With the acquisition of Centric in January 2023, First Commonwealth acquired a ten-year subordinated note with a principal balance of $6.0 million. The rate remains fixed at 4.50% until March 29, 2026, then adjusts quarterly to Prime + 1.00%. The Bank may redeem the notes, beginning with the interest payment due on March 29, 2026, in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the subordinated notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. A fair value premium of $0.6 million was recognized in connection with the acquisition.
On May 21, 2018, First Commonwealth issued fifteen-year subordinated notes with an aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million and a fixed-to-floating rate of 5.50%. The rate remains fixed until June 1, 2028, then adjusts on a quarterly basis to three-month CME Term SOFR+ 0.26161% + 2.37%. The Bank may redeem the notes, subject to regulatory approval, beginning with the interest payment due on June 1, 2028, in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the subordinated notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. Deferred issuance costs of $1.1 million are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the notes.
First Commonwealth currently has two trusts, First Commonwealth Capital Trust II and First Commonwealth Capital Trust III, of which 100% of the common equity is owned by First Commonwealth. The trusts were formed for the purpose of issuing company obligated mandatorily redeemable capital securities to third-party investors and investing the proceeds from the sale of the capital securities solely in junior subordinated debt securities (“subordinated debentures”) of First Commonwealth. The subordinated debentures held by each trust are the sole assets of the trust.
Interest on the debentures issued to First Commonwealth Capital Trust II is paid quarterly at a floating rate of three-month CME Term SOFR + 0.26161% + 2.85%, which is reset quarterly. Subject to regulatory approval, First Commonwealth may redeem the debentures, in whole or in part, at its option at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the debentures, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of the redemption. Deferred issuance costs of $0.5 million are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the securities.
Interest on the debentures issued to First Commonwealth Capital Trust III is paid quarterly at a floating rate of three-month CME Term SOFR + 0.26161% + 2.85%, which is reset quarterly. Subject to regulatory approval, First Commonwealth may redeem the debentures, in whole or in part, at its option on any interest payment date at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the debentures, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of the redemption. Deferred issuance costs of $0.6 million are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the securities.
In order to reduce its exposure to variability in expected future cash flows related to interest payments on First Commonwealth Capital Trust II and III, the Company entered into two interest rate swap contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges. These contracts fix the index rate based portion of the interest rate on Capital Trust III at 1.525% until August 15, 2026. A similar interest rate swap contract was entered for Capital Trust II which fixed the index rate based portion at 1.515%, however that swap expired on August 15, 2024. Additional information related to these cash flow hedges can be found in Note 12 - "Derivatives".
Note 15 Revenue Recognition

Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated from contracts with customers. Revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with derivatives are not in scope of FASB ASC Topic 606 - "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("Topic 606"). Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as trust income, service charges on deposits, insurance and retail brokerage commissions, card-related interchange income and gain(loss) on sale of OREO.
56


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

For contracts within the scope of Topic 606, the Company immediately expenses contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less.
Noninterest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below:
Trust Income
Trust income is primarily comprised of fees earned from the management and administration of trusts and other customer assets. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied over time and the resulting fees are recognized monthly, based upon a tiered scale of market value of the assets under management at month-end. Payment is generally received a few days after month end through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. The Company does not earn performance-based incentives. Optional services such as financial planning or tax return preparation services are also available to trust customers. The Company’s performance obligation for these transactional-based services is generally satisfied and related revenue recognized at a point in time. Payment is received shortly after services are rendered.
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts
Service charges on deposit accounts consist of fees earned from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance, overdraft services and account analysis fees. Transaction-based fees, which include services such as ATM use fees, stop payment fees, statement rendering and ACH fees are recognized at the time the transaction is executed which is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer’s request. Monthly account maintenance fees are earned over the course of the month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, during the month the service is provided. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.
Insurance and Retail Brokerage Commissions
Insurance income primarily consists of commissions received from execution of personal, business and health insurance policies when acting as an agent on behalf of insurance carriers. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied upon the issuance of the insurance policy. Because the Company’s contracts with the insurance carriers are generally cancellable by either party with minimal notice, insurance commissions are recognized during the policy period as received. Also, the majority of insurance commissions are received on a monthly basis during the policy period; however, some carriers pay the full annual commission to First Commonwealth at the time of policy issuance or renewal. In these cases, First Commonwealth would be required to refund any commissions it would not be entitled to as a result of cancelled or terminated policies. The Company has established a refund liability for the remaining term of the policies expected to be cancelled. The Company also receives incentive-based contingency fees from the insurance carriers. Contingency fee revenue, which totals approximately $0.3 million per year, is recognized as received due to the immaterial amount.
Retail brokerage income primarily consists of commissions received on annuity and investment product sales through a third-party service provider. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied upon the issuance of the annuity policy or the execution of an investment transaction. The Company does not earn a significant amount of trailer fees on annuity sales. However, after considering the factors impacting these trailer fees, such as the uncertainty of investor behavior and changes in the market value of assets, First Commonwealth determined that it would recognize trailing fees as received because it could not reasonably estimate an amount of future trailing commissions for which collection is probable. Commissions from the third-party service provider are received on a monthly basis based upon customer activity for the month. The fees are recognized monthly with a receivable until commissions are received from the third-party service provider the following month. Because the Company acts as an agent in arranging the relationship between the customer and the third-party service provider and does not control the services rendered to the customers, retail brokerage fees are presented net of related costs, including $2.5 million in commission expense for both the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. .
57


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Card-Related Interchange Income
Card-related interchange income is primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees and merchant services income. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as MasterCard. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions, in addition to account management fees. Card-related interchange income is recognized daily as the customer transactions are settled.
Other Income
Other income includes service revenue from processing wire transfers, bill pay service, cashier’s checks, and other services. The Company’s performance obligation for these services are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.
Gains (losses) on sales of OREO
First Commonwealth records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. When First Commonwealth finances the sale of OREO to the buyer, an assessment of whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract is completed along with an evaluation of whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determining the gain or loss on the sale, First Commonwealth adjusts the transaction price and the related gain or loss on sale if a significant financing component is present.
The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606:
  For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
  2025 2024 2025 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Noninterest Income
In-scope of Topic 606:
Trust income $ 3,029  $ 2,821  $ 6,051  $ 5,548 
Service charges on deposit accounts 5,595  5,546  11,033  10,929 
Insurance and retail brokerage commissions 3,097  3,154  6,267  5,805 
Card-related interchange income 3,998  7,137  7,652  13,827 
Gain on sale of other loans and assets 499  143  624  278 
Other income 725  736  1,455  1,462 
Noninterest Income (in-scope of Topic 606) 16,943  19,537  33,082  37,849 
Noninterest Income (out-of-scope of Topic 606) 7,806  5,673  14,169  11,349 
Total Noninterest Income $ 24,749  $ 25,210  $ 47,251  $ 49,198 
Note 16 Segment Reporting
We operate our business as a single integrated business unit that provides a number of products and services to meet our customers banking and financial needs. Our products and services include consumer lending such as secured and unsecured installment loans, home equity loans, construction and real estate loans, credit lines and credit cards. We also offer commercial customers lending and leasing products, which include real estate secured lending, equipment finance, working capital lines of credit, credit cards and construction loans. Our products also include deposit services, such as personal and business checking accounts, savings, money market and certificates of deposits. Additionally, we provide an array of cash management services, trust and wealth management services and insurance products. These services are all delivered through the same business network.
58


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The Company’s President and CEO is the chief operating decision maker who uses consolidated net income to assess performance and profitability of our single business segment. Consolidated net income is used to assess performance by comparing results on a monthly basis, including variances to budget and prior period results. Consideration is given to performance of components of the business, such as branches and geographic regions, which are then aggregated. This information is used to achieve strategic initiatives by allowing the chief operation decision maker to manage resources that drive our business and earnings. Additionally, consolidated net income is used to benchmark the Company against its banking peers.
The accounting policies of the single business unit are the same policies as disclosed in Note 1 - "Statement of Accounting Policies" of our December 31, 2024 Form 10-K and our segment assets are the same as assets presented in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The following table presents information related to segment revenue, significant segment expenses and segment net income:
For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Interest income $ 158,926  $ 150,682  $ 306,054  $ 296,144 
Interest expense 52,685  55,690  104,291  108,848 
Net interest income 106,241  94,992  201,763  187,296 
Provision for credit losses 12,657  7,827  18,393  12,065 
Noninterest Income
Trust income 3,029  2,821  6,051  5,548 
Service charges on deposit accounts 5,595  5,546  11,033  10,929 
Insurance and retail brokerage commissions 3,097  3,154  6,267  5,805 
Gain on sale of mortgage loans 1,836  1,671  3,223  2,999 
Gain on sale of other loans and assets 2,217  1,408  3,605  3,459 
Card-related interchange income 3,998  7,137  7,652  13,827 
Other segment income (a)
4,977  3,473  9,420  6,631 
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits 40,584  37,320  80,999  72,644 
Net occupancy 4,894  4,822  10,623  10,156 
Furniture and equipment 4,547  4,278  8,740  8,758 
Data processing 4,085  3,840  7,902  7,664 
Other professional fees and services 1,903  1,286  3,523  2,528 
Other segment expense (b)
20,255  14,252  35,731  29,621 
Income tax provision 8,663  9,489  17,005  18,421 
Segment net income $ 33,402  $ 37,088  $ 66,098  $ 74,637 
Reconciliation of net income
Adjustments and reconciling items —  —  —  — 
Consolidated net income $ 33,402  $ 37,088  $ 66,098  $ 74,637 
(a) Other segment income includes gain/loss on securities, income from bank owned life insurance, derivative mark to market, swap fee income and other miscellaneous income.
(b) Other segment expense includes FDIC insurance, loss on sale or write-down of assets, litigation and operational losses, merger related expenses and other miscellaneous expenses.

59


ITEM 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 17 Subsequent Event
On July 29, 2025 the Board of Directors authorized an increase of $25.0 million to the existing share repurchase program of the Company's common stock. Management is authorized to repurchase shares through Rule 10b5-1 plans, open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block purchases or otherwise in a manner that is intended to comply with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. First Commonwealth may suspend or discontinue the program at any time.
60




ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
This discussion and the related financial data are presented to assist in the understanding and evaluation of the consolidated financial condition and the results of operations of First Commonwealth Financial Corporation including its subsidiaries (“First Commonwealth”) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in this Form 10-Q.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical fact constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Reform Act”), notwithstanding that such statements are not specifically identified as such. In addition, certain statements may be contained in our future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in press releases, and in oral and written statements made by us or with our approval that are not statements of historical fact and constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Reform Act. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) projections of revenues, expenses, income or loss, earnings or loss per share, the payment or nonpayment of dividends, capital structure and other financial items; (ii) statements of plans, objectives and expectations of First Commonwealth or its management or Board of Directors, including those relating to products, services or operations; (iii) statements of future economic performance or interest rates; and (iv) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” or words of similar meaning, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could” or “may,” are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
•Local, regional, national and international economic conditions and the impact they may have on us and our customers and our assessment of that impact.
•Volatility and disruption in national and international financial markets.
•The effects of and changes in trade and monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board and the implementation of tariffs and other protectionist trade policies.
•Government intervention in the U.S. financial system.
•Changes in the mix of loan geographies, sectors and types or the level of non-performing assets and charge-offs.
•Changes in estimates of future reserve requirements based upon the periodic review thereof under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements.
•Inflation, interest rate, securities market and monetary fluctuations.
•The effect of changes in laws and regulations (including laws and regulations concerning taxes, banking, securities and insurance) with which we and our subsidiaries must comply.
•The soundness of other financial institutions.
•Political instability.
•Impairment of our goodwill or other intangible assets.
•Acts of God or of war or terrorism.
•The timely development and acceptance of new products and services and perceived overall value of these products and services by users.
•Changes in consumer spending, borrowings and savings habits.
•Changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers.
•Technological changes.
•The cost and effects of cyber incidents or other failures, interruption or security breaches of our systems or those of third-party providers.
•Acquisitions and integration of acquired businesses.
•Our ability to increase market share and control expenses.
•Our ability to attract and retain qualified employees.
•Changes in the competitive environment in our markets and among banking organizations and other financial service providers.
•The effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other accounting standard setters.
•Changes in the reliability of our vendors, internal control systems or information systems.
•Changes in our liquidity position.
•Changes in our organization, compensation and benefit plans.
61


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


•The costs and effects of legal and regulatory developments, the resolution of legal proceedings or regulatory or other governmental inquiries, the results of regulatory examinations or reviews and the ability to obtain required regulatory approvals.
•Greater than expected costs or difficulties related to the integration of new products and lines of business.
•Our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made. We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to the results of operations presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), First Commonwealth management uses, and this quarterly report contains or references, certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide information that is useful to investors in understanding our underlying operational performance and our business and performance trends as they facilitate comparison with the performance of others in the financial services industry. Although we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures enhance investors’ understanding of our business and performance, these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered an alternative to GAAP.
We believe the presentation of net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis ensures comparability of net interest income arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources and is consistent with industry practice. Interest income per the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income is reconciled to net interest income adjusted to a fully taxable equivalent basis on pages 55 and 72 for the six and three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
62


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES



Selected Financial Data
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which follows, and with the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes. 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net Income $ 33,402  $ 37,088  $ 66,098  $ 74,637 
Per Share Data:
Basic Earnings per Share $ 0.32  $ 0.36  $ 0.64  $ 0.73 
Diluted Earnings per Share 0.32  0.36  0.64  0.73 
Cash Dividends Declared per Common Share 0.135  0.130  0.265  0.255 
Average Balance:
Total assets $ 12,096,327  $ 11,695,160  $ 11,889,656  $ 11,608,301 
Total equity 1,492,912  1,344,360  1,461,139  1,334,843 
End of Period Balance:
Net loans and leases (1)
$ 9,480,842  $ 8,922,005 
Total assets 12,237,147  11,626,873 
Total deposits 10,104,582  9,408,921 
Total equity 1,517,767  1,362,505 
Key Ratios:
Return on average assets 1.11  % 1.28  % 1.12  % 1.29  %
Return on average equity 8.97  % 11.10  % 9.12  % 11.24  %
Dividends payout ratio 42.19  % 36.11  % 41.41  % 34.93  %
Average equity to average assets ratio 12.34  % 11.50  % 12.29  % 11.50  %
Net interest margin 3.83  % 3.57  % 3.73  % 3.55  %
Net loans to deposits ratio 93.83  % 94.82  %
(1) Includes loans held for sale.

Results of Operations
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Net Income
For the six months ended June 30, 2025, First Commonwealth had net income of $66.1 million, or $0.64 diluted earnings per share, compared to net income of $74.6 million, or $0.73 diluted earnings per share, in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in net income was primarily the result of a $16.1 million increase in noninterest expense, including $4.0 million in merger-related expenses associated with the Center acquisition. Other items impacting results include a decrease in non-interest income of $1.9 million and an increase in the provision for credit losses of $6.3 million, including the $3.8 million in provision expense related to the day 1 CECL adjustment on non-PCD loans acquired in the Center acquisition. Partially offsetting these changes was a $14.5 million increase in net interest income.
For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company’s return on average equity was 9.12% and its return on average assets was 1.12%, compared to 11.24% and 1.29%, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income, on a fully taxable equivalent basis, was $202.4 million in the first six months of 2025, compared to $187.9 million for the same period in 2024. The increase in net interest income can be attributed to an 18 basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities and a 5 basis point increase in the yield on interest-earning assets. Net interest income comprises the majority of our operating revenue (net interest income before provision expense plus noninterest income), at 81.0% and 79.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
63


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis was 3.73% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 3.55% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The net interest margin is affected by changes in the level of interest rates and the amount and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
The taxable equivalent yield on interest-earning assets was 5.65% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of five basis points compared to the 5.60% yield for the same period in 2024. The yield on interest-earning assets benefited from higher reinvestment rates related to the investment portfolio, resulting in the investment portfolio yield increasing by 49 basis points when compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, seven basis points of the yield on interest-earning assets can be attributed to the recognition of $3.9 million in accretion of purchase accounting marks, of which two basis points can be attributed to the Center acquisition. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, accretion of purchase accounting marks contributed $4.1 million, or eight basis points, to the yield on interest-earning assets.
The investment portfolio yield increased 49 basis points in comparison to the prior year as new volume rates were higher than the portfolio yield. The average investment portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $142.4 million as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 as a result of excess liquidity from growth in interest-bearing liabilities. Lower interest rates in the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the prior year resulted in an 82 basis point decrease in the yield on interest-bearing deposits with bank, while the average balance decreased from $160.4 million in 2024 to $68.2 million in 2025.
The cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased to 2.63% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, from 2.81% for the same period in 2024. The cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 6 basis points and short-term borrowings decreased 81 basis points in comparison to the same period last year. The cost of interest-bearing deposits was impacted by declines in market interest rates as well as changes in the mix of deposits, as customers moved funds to take advantage of higher rates offered in money market and time deposit accounts. Comparing the six months ended June 30, 2025 with the comparable period in 2024, average time deposits increased $309.9 million, or 21.4%, with a decrease in the cost of these deposits of 34 basis points. Contributing to the average growth in time deposits was an average of $25.2 million acquired as part of the Center acquisition. Other interest-bearing deposits increased on average $292.9 million, or 5.2%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 and the cost of these deposits decreased 4 basis points. Average growth in other-interest bearing deposits attributable to the Center acquisition totaled $48.9 million. Compared to the prior period, short-term borrowings decreased an average of $471.8 million primarily due to the payoff of $516.0 million in short-term borrowings related to the Federal Reserve Term Funding program in the fourth quarter of 2024.
For the six months ended June 30, 2025, changes in rates positively impacted net interest income by $9.1 million when compared to the same period in 2024. The yield on interest-earning assets positively impacted net interest income by $3.0 million and the decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities positively impacted net interest income by $6.1 million.
Changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities positively impacted net interest income by $5.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024. Higher levels of interest-earning assets resulted in an increase of $6.9 million in interest income, while changes in the volume and mix of interest-bearing liabilities increased interest expense by $1.6 million. Average interest-earning assets for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $292.8 million, or 2.7%, compared to the same period in 2024. Average loans for the comparable period increased $242.6 million, or 2.7%, and average investments increased $142.4 million, or 9.5%. Average loans attributable to the Center acquisition for the six month period ended June 30, 2025 totaled $66.8 million.
Net interest income was positively impacted by a $77.9 million increase in average net free funds for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the corresponding period in 2024. Average net free funds are the excess of noninterest-bearing demand deposits, other noninterest-bearing liabilities and shareholders’ equity over noninterest-earning assets. The level of net free funds was impacted by a lower level of noninterest-bearing demand deposits as customers became more rate sensitive and moved their funds into interest-bearing deposits, as well as higher average shareholders' equity due to retained earnings and stock issued for the Center acquisition. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $21.3 million, or 0.9%, compared to the same period in 2024 despite the addition of $14.1 million related to the Center acquisition.
64


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The following table reconciles interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income to net interest income adjusted to a fully taxable equivalent basis for the six months ended June 30:
 
2025 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Interest income per Consolidated Statements of Income $ 306,054  $ 296,144 
Adjustment to fully taxable equivalent basis 676  652 
Interest income adjusted to fully taxable equivalent basis (non-GAAP) 306,730  296,796 
Interest expense 104,291  108,848 
Net interest income adjusted to fully taxable equivalent basis (non-GAAP) $ 202,439  $ 187,948 

65


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The following is an analysis of the average balance sheet and net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis for the six months ended June 30:
 
  2025 2024
  Average
Balance
Income /
Expense (a)
Yield
or
Rate
Average
Balance
Income /
Expense (a)
Yield
or
Rate
  (dollars in thousands)
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ 68,177  $ 1,615  4.78  % $ 160,398  $ 4,466  5.60  %
Tax-free investment securities 18,183  235  2.61  20,320  272  2.69 
Taxable investment securities 1,615,520  29,147  3.64  1,471,002  23,029  3.15 
Loans and leases, net of unearned income (b)(c)
9,250,577  275,733  6.01  9,007,969  269,029  6.01 
Total interest-earning assets 10,952,457  306,730  5.65  10,659,689  296,796  5.60 
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash 107,553  114,049 
Allowance for credit losses (123,578) (119,947)
Other assets 953,224  954,510 
Total noninterest-earning assets 937,199  948,612 
Total Assets $ 11,889,656  $ 11,608,301 
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (d)
$ 1,884,516  $ 13,760  1.47  % $ 1,882,353  $ 16,239  1.73  %
Savings deposits (d)
4,000,227  47,823  2.41  3,709,488  43,690  2.37 
Time deposits 1,755,643  34,340  3.94  1,445,752  30,795  4.28 
Short-term borrowings 98,879  1,866  3.81  570,717  13,104  4.62 
Long-term debt 262,720  6,502  4.99  178,780  5,020  5.65 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 8,001,985  104,291  2.63  7,787,090  108,848  2.81 
Noninterest-bearing liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits (d)
2,285,001  2,306,306 
Other liabilities 141,531  180,062 
Shareholders’ equity 1,461,139  1,334,843 
Total Noninterest-Bearing Funding Sources 3,887,671  3,821,211 
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity $ 11,889,656  $ 11,608,301 
Net Interest Income and Net Yield on Interest-Earning Assets $ 202,439  3.73  % $ 187,948  3.55  %
(a)Income on interest-earning assets has been computed on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the 21% federal income tax statutory rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(b)Loan balances include held for sale and nonaccrual loans. Income on nonaccrual loans is accounted for on the cash basis.
(c)Loan income includes loan fees earned.


 
66


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The following table shows the effect of changes in volumes and rates on interest income and interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared with June 30, 2024:
 
  Analysis of Year-to-Year Changes in Net Interest Income
  Total
Change
Change Due To
Volume
Change Due To
Rate (a)
  (dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ (2,851) $ (2,568) $ (283)
Tax-free investment securities (37) (29) (8)
Taxable investment securities 6,118  2,264  3,854 
Loans and leases 6,704  7,251  (547)
Total interest income (b) 9,934  6,918  3,016 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (2,479) 19  (2,498)
Savings deposits 4,133  3,426  707 
Time deposits 3,545  6,595  (3,050)
Short-term borrowings (11,238) (10,840) (398)
Long-term debt 1,482  2,358  (876)
Total interest expense (4,557) 1,558  (6,115)
Net interest income $ 14,491  $ 5,360  $ 9,131 
(a)Changes in interest income or expense not arising solely as a result of volume or rate variances are allocated to rate variances.
(b)Changes in interest income have been computed on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the 21% federal income tax statutory rate.

Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses is determined based on management’s estimates of the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses needed for expected losses inherent in the loan portfolio and off-balance sheet commitments. The provision for credit losses is an amount added to the allowance, against which credit losses are charged.  
67


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The table below provides a breakout of the provision for credit losses by loan category for the six months ended June 30: 
  2025 2024
  Dollars Percentage Dollars Percentage
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 8,230  66  % $ 7,339  50  %
Time and demand 4,325  35  3,753  26 
Commercial credit cards 133  68  — 
Equipment finance 2,247  18  2,571  18 
Time and demand other 1,525  12  947 
Real estate construction (289) (2) (1,000) (7)
Construction other (213) (2) (402) (3)
Construction residential (76) (1) (598) (4)
Residential real estate 443  (1,643) (11)
Residential first lien 124  (1,234) (8)
Residential junior lien/home equity 319  (409) (3)
Commercial real estate 59  —  5,973  41 
Multifamily (292) (3) (27) — 
Non-owner occupied (1,121) (9) 5,463  37 
Owner occupied 1,472  12  537 
Loans to individuals 3,978  32  3,971  27 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 3,407  27  2,998  20 
Consumer credit cards 118  157 
Consumer other 453  816 
Provision for credit losses on loans and leases $ 12,421  100  % $ 14,640  100  %
Provision for credit losses - acquisition day 1 non-PCD 3,379  — 
Total provision for credit losses on loans and leases 15,800  14,640 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure 2,593  (2,575)
       Total provision for credit losses $ 18,393  $ 12,065 
Total provision expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025, increased $6.3 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This increase is primarily due to a $3.4 million provision recognized in the second quarter of 2025 as the day-1 non-PCD provision expense resulting from the Center acquisition. Also impacting provision expense in the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $2.6 million related to the reserve for off-balance sheet commitments, primarily due to $0.4 million related to the Center acquisition as well as increased commercial construction commitments. The negative provision for off-balance sheet commitments in 2024 is primarily attributed to lower commitments for commercial construction loans.
The allowance for credit losses was $133.0 million, or 1.39%, of total loans and leases outstanding at June 30, 2025, compared to $118.9 million, or 1.32%, at December 31, 2024 and $123.7 million, or 1.37%, at June 30, 2024. Nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans and leases increased to 1.04% at June 30, 2025 from 0.63% as of June 30, 2024 and 0.68% at December 31, 2024. The allowance to nonperforming loan ratio was 133.62%, 193.48% and 216.48% as of June 30, 2025, December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively.
 
Management believes that the allowance for credit losses is at a level deemed appropriate to absorb expected losses inherent in the loan portfolio at June 30, 2025.
68


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


Below is an analysis of the consolidated allowance for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and the year-ended December 31, 2024:
 
June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 December 31, 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period $ 118,906  $ 117,718  $ 117,718 
Day 1 allowance for credit loss on PCD acquired loans 4,116  —  — 
Provision for credit losses - acquisition day 1 non-PCD 3,379  —  — 
Loans charged off:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other 5,422  5,250  15,512 
Real estate construction —  35  1,092 
Residential real estate 226  255  483 
Commercial real estate 2,088  624  8,678 
Loans to individuals 4,700  4,868  9,663 
Total loans charged off 12,436  11,032  35,428 
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other 4,367  523  813 
Real estate construction — 
Residential real estate 183  170  370 
Commercial real estate 167  124  177 
Loans to individuals 1,863  1,505  2,882 
Total recoveries 6,580  2,328  4,248 
Net charge-offs 5,856  8,704  31,180 
Provision for credit losses on loans and leases charged to expense 12,421  14,640  32,368 
Balance, end of period $ 132,966  $ 123,654  $ 118,906 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding (annualized) 0.13  % 0.19  % 0.35  %
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of end-of-period loans and leases outstanding 1.39  % 1.37  % 1.32  %
69


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


Noninterest Income
The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the six months ended June 30: 
2025 2024 $ Change % Change
  (dollars in thousands)
Noninterest Income:
Trust income $ 6,051  $ 5,548  $ 503  %
Service charges on deposit accounts 11,033  10,929  104 
Insurance and retail brokerage commissions 6,267  5,805  462 
Income from bank owned life insurance 3,440  2,665  775  29 
Card-related interchange income 7,652  13,827  (6,175) (45)
Swap fee income 1,274  —  1,274  — 
Other income 4,855  3,931  924  24 
Subtotal 40,572  42,705  (2,133) (5)
Net securities losses (5,142) (5,535) 393  (7)
Gain on sale of VISA 5,146  5,558  (412) (7)
Gain on sale of mortgage loans 3,223  2,999  224 
Gain on sale of other loans and assets 3,605  3,459  146 
Derivatives mark to market (153) 12  (165) (1,375)
Total noninterest income $ 47,251  $ 49,198  $ (1,947) (4) %
Total noninterest income (excluding net securities losses, gain on VISA sale, gain on sale of mortgage loans, gain on sale of other loans and assets and the derivatives mark to market) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $2.1 million, or 5%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. This decrease is primarily due to a $6.2 million decline in card-related interchange income resulting from the Company being subject to the Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act beginning July 1, 2024. The Durbin Amendment is now applicable to the Company because its total assets exceeded $10.0 billion as of December 31, 2023 and its curtailment of card-related interchange income went into effect on July 1, 2024.
Swap fee income increased $1.3 million compared to the prior period as a result of new interest rate swaps entered into by our commercial loan customers. Other income increased $0.9 million largely due to a $0.5 million increase in limited partnership income while income from bank owned life insurance increased $0.8 million primarily due to a stable value wrap restructure completed in the first quarter of 2025.
Trust income increased $0.5 million due to revenue for assets under management. Insurance and brokerage commissions increased $0.5 million primarily due to higher annuity sales.
Other items impacting noninterest income include gains on the sale of VISA shares of $5.1 million and $5.6 million, as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Offsetting these gains were net security losses of $5.1 million and $5.5 million, as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, resulting from the sale of available for sale securities that were sold in order to reinvest into higher yielding investments.
Total noninterest income decreased $1.9 million, or 4%, compared to the same period in the prior year. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, $0.1 million in non-interest income can be attributed to the Center acquisition.
70


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


Noninterest Expense
The following table presents the components of noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30: 
2025 2024 $ Change % Change
  (dollars in thousands)
Noninterest Expense:
Salaries and employee benefits $ 80,999  $ 72,644  $ 8,355  12  %
Net occupancy 10,623  10,156  467 
Furniture and equipment 8,740  8,758  (18) — 
Data processing 7,902  7,664  238 
Advertising and promotion 2,829  2,217  612  28 
Pennsylvania shares tax 2,675  2,328  347  15 
Intangible amortization 2,442  2,433  — 
Other professional fees and services 3,523  2,528  995  39 
FDIC insurance 2,929  2,899  30 
Other operating 19,243  17,550  1,693  10 
Subtotal 141,905  129,177  12,728  10 
Loss on sale or write-down of assets 286  220  66  30 
Litigation and operational losses 1,263  1,491  (228) (15)
Loss on early redemption of subordinated debt —  369  (369) — 
Merger and acquisition related 4,064  114  3,950  3,465 
Total noninterest expense $ 147,518  $ 131,371  $ 16,147  12  %
Noninterest expense increased $16.1 million, or 12%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. This increase is primarily the result of an $8.4 million increase in salaries and benefits expense. Contributing to the higher salary expense in 2025 was a $4.0 million increase in incentive expense, of which $1.5 million can be attributed to finalizing payments related to prior year volumes and performance, with the remaining increase due to higher volumes in 2025. Also impacting the increase in salary and benefit expense is a $0.3 million increase in hospitalization expense and a higher number of full time equivalent employees, partially due to the Center acquisition. The number of full time equivalent employees totaled 1,472 at June 30, 2024 and 1,562 at June 30, 2025.
Other operating expense increased $1.7 million compared to the prior period primarily due to loan related appraisal and credit reporting expenses. The increase in other professional fees and services is a result of services and advisors in several areas, none of which were individually material.
Merger and acquisition related expenses increased $4.0 million compared to the prior period as a result of the Center acquisition which occurred in the second quarter of 2025.
Income Tax
The provision for income taxes decreased $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the corresponding period in 2024, primarily due to the lower level of income before tax. 
We applied the “annual effective tax rate approach” to determine the provision for income taxes, which applies an annual forecast of tax expense as a percentage of expected full year income, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
We generate an annual effective tax rate that is less than the statutory rate of 21% due to benefits resulting from tax-exempt interest, income from bank-owned life insurance and tax benefits associated with low income housing tax credits, all of which are relatively consistent regardless of the level of pretax income. These provided for an effective tax rate of 20.5% and 19.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
As of June 30, 2025, our deferred tax assets totaled $51.7 million. Based on our evaluation, we determined that it is more likely than not that all of these assets will be realized. As a result, a valuation allowance against these assets was not recorded. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, we estimate future taxable income based on management approved forecasts, evaluation of historical earnings levels and consideration of potential tax strategies. If future events differ from our current forecasts, we may need to establish a valuation allowance, which could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
71


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES



Results of Operations
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Net Income
For the three months ended June 30, 2025, First Commonwealth recognized net income of $33.4 million, or $0.32 diluted earnings per share, compared to net income of $37.1 million, or $0.36 diluted earnings per share, in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decline in net income between the two periods is largely attributable to costs associated with the acquisition of Center in the three months ended June 30, 2025. Other items impacting results include a $10.5 million increase in noninterest expense, including $4.0 million in merger related expenses associated with the Center acquisition and a $1.1 million increase in provision for credit losses, excluding the $3.8 million in provision expense related to the day 1 CECL adjustment on non-PCD loans acquired in the Center acquisition. Partially offsetting these changes was an increase of $11.2 million in net interest income.
For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company’s return on average equity was 8.97% and its return on average assets was 1.11%, compared to 11.10% and 1.28%, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2024.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income, on a fully taxable equivalent basis, was $106.6 million in the second quarter of 2025, compared to $95.3 million for the same period in 2024. The increase in net interest income can be attributed to a 26 basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by a 7 basis point increase in the yield on interest-earning assets. Net interest income comprises the majority of our operating revenue (i.e., net interest income before provision expense plus noninterest income), at 81.1% and 79.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The net interest margin, on a fully taxable equivalent basis, was 3.83% and 3.57% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The taxable equivalent yield on interest-earning assets was 5.73% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of seven basis points compared to the 5.66% yield for the same period in 2024. This is largely due to a 44 basis points increase in the investment portfolio yield in comparison to the prior year as new volume rates were higher than the portfolio yield. The average investment portfolio balance increased $156.6 million as a result of excess liquidity from growth in interest-bearing liabilities. The average balance of interest-bearing deposits with banks decreased from $208.4 million in 2024 to $59.6 million in 2025, with a yield decrease of 73 basis points.

The loan portfolio yield when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, increased by 3 basis points. Accretion of purchase accounting marks contributed $2.6 million or 10 basis points to the yield on interest-earnings assets in the three months ended June 30, 2025, of which four basis points can be attributed to the Center acquisition. Included in the impact of the Center acquisition was two basis points due to accelerated recognition of purchase accounting marks from early loan payoffs. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, accretion of purchase accounting marks contributed $2.1 million, or eight basis points, to the yield on interest-earning assets.

Additionally, the yield on interest earning assets for the three months ended June 30, 2025, was impacted by the maturity of $150.0 million notional amount of interest rate swap contracts on May 1, 2025. The impact of the swap maturities was to increase the yield on interest earning assets by three basis points for the three months ended June 30, 2025.
The cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased to 2.59% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, from 2.85% for the same period in 2024, primarily due to decreases in the cost of time and interest-bearing deposits. Comparing the three months ended June 30, 2025 with the comparable period in 2024, average time deposits increased $243.3 million, or 16.2%, with a decrease in the cost of these deposits of 53 basis points. Over this period, interest-bearing demand and savings deposits increased on average $369.3 million, or 6.6%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 and the cost of those deposits decreased 11 basis points. The cost of short-term borrowings decreased 55 basis points in comparison to the same period last year. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Center acquisition contributed $97.2 million in average interest-bearing demand deposits and $50.3 million in average time deposits.
72


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


For the three months ended June 30, 2025, changes in interest rates positively impacted net interest income by $7.3 million when compared with the same period in 2024. The higher yield on loans contributed to interest-earning assets, positively impacting net interest income by $2.8 million, while a decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities positively impacted net interest income by $4.5 million.
Changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities positively impacted net interest income by $4.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024. The growth and mix of interest-earning assets resulted in an increase of $5.4 million in interest income, while changes in the volume and mix of interest-bearing liabilities increased interest expense by $1.4 million. Average interest-earning assets for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $420.8 million, or 3.9%, compared to the same period in 2024. Average loans for the comparable period increased $413.0 million, or 4.6%. Average time deposits for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $243.3 million compared to the comparable period in 2024, increasing interest expense by $2.6 million. The Center acquisition resulted in the addition of $146.6 million in average interest-earning assets, including $132.6 million in average loans.
Net interest income was positively impacted by a $115.6 million increase in average net free funds for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to June 30, 2024. Average net free funds are the excess of noninterest-bearing demand deposits, other noninterest-bearing liabilities and shareholders’ equity over noninterest-earning assets. The increase in the level of net free funds was primarily the result of an increase in the balance of shareholders' equity due to retained earnings and stock issued for the Center acquisition.
The following table reconciles interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income to net interest income adjusted to a fully taxable equivalent basis for the three months ended June 30:
 
2025 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Interest income per Consolidated Statements of Income $ 158,926  $ 150,682 
Adjustment to fully taxable equivalent basis 341  329 
Interest income adjusted to fully taxable equivalent basis (non-GAAP) 159,267  151,011 
Interest expense 52,685  55,690 
Net interest income adjusted to fully taxable equivalent basis (non-GAAP) $ 106,582  $ 95,321 


73


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The following is an analysis of the average balance sheets and net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis for the three months ended June 30:
 
  2025 2024
  Average
Balance
Income /
Expense (a)
Yield
or
Rate
Average
Balance
Income /
Expense (a)
Yield
or
Rate
  (dollars in thousands)
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ 59,614  $ 721  4.85  % $ 208,360  $ 2,893  5.58  %
Tax-free investment securities 17,961  115  2.57  20,174  135  2.69 
Taxable investment securities 1,649,027  15,142  3.68  1,490,235  12,008  3.24 
Loans and leases, net of unearned income (b)(c)
9,430,284  143,289  6.09  9,017,288  135,975  6.06 
Total interest-earning assets 11,156,886  159,267  5.73  10,736,057  151,011  5.66 
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash 107,776  110,802 
Allowance for credit losses (126,570) (120,077)
Other assets 958,235  968,378 
Total noninterest-earning assets 939,441  959,103 
Total Assets $ 12,096,327  $ 11,695,160 
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (d)
$ 1,915,020  $ 7,055  1.48  % $ 1,905,013  $ 8,539  1.80  %
Savings deposits (d)
4,083,306  24,220  2.38  3,724,015  22,202  2.40 
Time deposits 1,747,881  16,644  3.82  1,504,544  16,263  4.35 
Short-term borrowings 146,503  1,506  4.12  545,551  6,339  4.67 
Long-term debt 262,633  3,260  4.98  170,963  2,347  5.52 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 8,155,343  52,685  2.59  7,850,086  55,690  2.85 
Noninterest-bearing liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits (d)
2,316,854  2,310,274 
Other liabilities 131,218  190,440 
Shareholders’ equity 1,492,912  1,344,360 
Total noninterest-bearing funding sources 3,940,984  3,845,074 
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity $ 12,096,327  $ 11,695,160 
Net Interest Income and Net Yield on Interest-Earning Assets $ 106,582  3.83  % $ 95,321  3.57  %
(a)Income on interest-earning assets has been computed on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the 21% federal income tax statutory rate for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(b)Loan balances include held for sale and nonaccrual loans. Income on nonaccrual loans is accounted for on the cash basis.
(c)Loan income includes loan fees earned.

 
74


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The following table shows the effect of changes in volumes and rates on interest income and interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared with June 30, 2024:
 
  Analysis of Year-to-Year Changes in Net Interest Income
  Total
Change
Change Due To
Volume
Change Due To
Rate (a)
  (dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ (2,172) $ (2,064) $ (108)
Tax-free investment securities (20) (15) (5)
Taxable investment securities 3,134  1,279  1,855 
Loans and leases 7,314  6,223  1,091 
Total interest income (b) 8,256  5,423  2,833 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits (1,484) 45  (1,529)
Savings deposits 2,018  2,144  (126)
Time deposits 381  2,632  (2,251)
Short-term borrowings (4,833) (4,633) (200)
Long-term debt 913  1,258  (345)
Total interest expense (3,005) 1,446  (4,451)
Net interest income $ 11,261  $ 3,977  $ 7,284 
 
(a)Changes in interest income or expense not arising solely as a result of volume or rate variances are allocated to rate variances.
(b)Changes in interest income have been computed on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the 21% federal income tax statutory rate.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses is determined based on management’s estimates of the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses needed for probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio, after giving consideration to charge-offs and recoveries for the period. The provision for credit losses is an amount added to the allowance, against which credit losses are charged.
 
75


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The table below provides a breakout of the provision for credit losses by loan category for the three months ended June 30: 
2025 2024
Dollars Percentage Dollars Percentage
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 5,687  69  % $ 6,047  67  %
Time and demand 3,866  47  4,318  48 
Commercial credit cards 29  —  (3) — 
Equipment finance 870  11  1,308  14 
Time and demand other 922  11  424 
Real estate construction (1,091) (13) (125) (1)
Construction other (972) (12) 251 
Construction residential (119) (1) (376) (4)
Residential real estate 530  (1,656) (18)
Residential first lien 262  (1,127) (12)
Residential junior lien/home equity 268  (529) (6)
Commercial real estate 612  3,772  42 
Multifamily (339) (4) (19) — 
Non-owner occupied (367) (5) 3,155  35 
Owner occupied 1,318  16  636 
Loans to individuals 2,560  31  920  10 
Automobile and recreational vehicles 2,092  25  508 
Consumer credit cards 59  50 
Consumer other 409  362 
Provision for credit losses on loans and leases $ 8,298  100  % $ 8,958  100  %
Provision for credit losses - acquisition day 1 non-PCD 3,379  — 
Total provision for credit losses on loans and leases 11,677  8,958 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure 980  (1,131)
Total provision for credit losses $ 12,657  $ 7,827 

The provision for credit losses on loans and leases for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased in comparison to the three months ended June 30, 2024 by $2.7 million. The level of provision expense in the second quarter of 2025 was impacted by $3.4 million recognized as the day-1 non-PCD provision expense related to the Center acquisition. Loan growth and the economic forecast also contributed to the increased provision expense in the second quarter of 2025 as well as a $2.5 million net increase in specific reserves on individually analyzed loans. Additionally, the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure increased $2.1 million primarily due to $0.4 million related to the Center acquisition as well as the level of unfunded commitments for construction loans. Total net charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2025 were $2.8 million.

The level of provision expense in the second quarter of 2024 was primarily the result of an increase in loan balances and an additional $5.8 million in specific reserves. Net charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2024 were $4.4 million.


76


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


Below is an analysis of the consolidated allowance for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and the year-ended December 31, 2024:
 
June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 December 31, 2024
  (dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period $ 119,931  $ 119,098  $ 117,718 
Day 1 allowance for credit loss on PCD acquired loans 3,379  —  — 
Provision for credit losses - acquisition day 1 non-PCD 4,116  —  — 
Loans charged off:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other 1,403  2,588  15,512 
Real estate construction —  35  1,092 
Residential real estate 118  175  483 
Commercial real estate 624  341  8,678 
Loans to individuals 2,281  2,330  9,663 
Total loans charged off 4,426  5,469  35,428 
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other 677  103  813 
Real estate construction —  — 
Residential real estate 46  111  370 
Commercial real estate 11  10  177 
Loans to individuals 934  843  2,882 
Total recoveries 1,668  1,067  4,248 
Net charge-offs 2,758  4,402  31,180 
Provision for credit losses on loans charged to expense 8,298  8,958  32,368 
Balance, end of period $ 132,966  $ 123,654  $ 118,906 


Noninterest Income
The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the three months ended June 30: 
2025 2024 $ Change % Change
  (dollars in thousands)
Noninterest Income:
Trust income $ 3,029  $ 2,821  $ 208  %
Service charges on deposit accounts 5,595  5,546  49 
Insurance and retail brokerage commissions 3,097  3,154  (57) (2)
Income from bank owned life insurance 1,938  1,371  567  41 
Card-related interchange income 3,998  7,137  (3,139) (44)
Swap fee income 439  —  439  — 
Other income 2,600  2,079  521  25 
Subtotal 20,696  22,108  (1,412) (6)
Net securities losses —  (5,535) 5,535  (100)
Gain on sale of VISA —  5,558  (5,558) (100)
Gain on sale of mortgage loans 1,836  1,671  165  10 
Gain on sale of other loans and assets 2,217  1,408  809  57 
Derivatives mark to market —  —  —  — 
Total noninterest income $ 24,749  $ 25,210  $ (461) (2) %

77


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


Total noninterest income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $0.5 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The most significant change includes a $3.1 million decrease in card-related interchange income primarily due to the Durbin Amendment, which impacted the Company beginning July 1, 2024.

Offsetting this decrease is a $0.4 million increase in swap fee income as a result of new swaps entered into by our commercial customers and a $0.6 million increase in income from bank owned life insurance primarily due to the restructuring of a stable value wrap in the first quarter of 2025. Contributing to the increase in Other Income was a $0.2 million increase in limited partnership income.

Gain on sale of other loans and assets increased $0.8 million due to the volume and spread related to the sale of SBA loans.

The most significant changes, other than the changes noted above, are a result of securities transactions in the three months ended June 30, 2024 with no similar activity in the comparable period of 2025. This includes a $5.6 million gain related to the conversion of Visa class B shares and $5.5 million in losses recognized on the sale of $75.1 million in available for sale securities, which were sold in order to reinvest into higher yielding investments.
Noninterest Expense
The following table presents the components of noninterest expense for the three months ended June 30:
 
2025 2024 $ Change % Change
  (dollars in thousands)
Noninterest Expense:
Salaries and employee benefits $ 40,584  $ 37,320  $ 3,264  %
Net occupancy 4,894  4,822  72 
Furniture and equipment 4,547  4,278  269 
Data processing 4,085  3,840  245 
Advertising and promotion 1,457  898  559  62 
Pennsylvania shares tax 1,338  1,126  212  19 
Intangible amortization 1,311  1,169  142  12 
Other professional fees and services 1,903  1,286  617  48 
FDIC insurance 1,550  1,286  264  21 
Other operating 10,103  8,833  1,270  14 
Subtotal 71,772  64,858  6,914  11 
Loss on sale or write-down of assets 71  77  (6) (8)
Litigation and operational losses 470  494  (24) (5)
Loss on early redemption of subordinated debt —  369  (369) (100)
Merger and acquisition related 3,955  —  3,955  — 
Total noninterest expense $ 76,268  $ 65,798  $ 10,470  16  %

Noninterest expense increased $10.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. The increase is primarily a result of $4.0 million in merger and acquisition related expenses associated with the Center acquisition and a $3.3 million increase in salaries and employee benefits expense due to annual merit increases, increased severance expense and a higher number of full time equivalent employees.

Other operating expense increased $1.3 million primarily due to loan related appraisal and credit reporting expenses.
Income Tax
The provision for income taxes decreased $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the corresponding period in 2024.  The effective tax rate increased 20 basis points from 20.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 20.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2025.
We applied the “annual effective tax rate approach” to determine the provision for income taxes, which applies an annual forecast of tax expense as a percentage of expected full year income, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
78


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


Liquidity
Liquidity refers to our ability to meet the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers, as well as our operating cash needs, with cost-effective funding. We generate funds to meet these needs primarily through the core deposit base of First Commonwealth Bank and the maturity or repayment of loans and other interest-earning assets, including investments. During the first six months of 2025, the sale, maturity and redemption of investment securities provided $225.8 million in liquidity. These funds contributed to the liquidity available to originate loans, purchase investment securities and fund depositor withdrawals.
The following represents our expanded sources of liquidity as of June 30, 2025:
Total Available Amount Used Outstanding Letters of Credit Net Available
(dollars in thousands)
Internal liquidity sources
Unencumbered securities $ 556,985  $ —  $ —  $ 556,985 
Other (excess pledged) 67,779  —  —  67,779 
External liquidity sources
FHLB advances 2,578,123  325,958  8,275  2,243,890 
FRB borrowings 1,093,476  —  —  1,093,476 
Lines with other financial institutions 160,000  —  —  160,000 
CDARs (1)
1,220,567  14,538  —  1,206,029 
Total liquidity $ 5,676,930  $ 340,496  $ 8,275  $ 5,328,159 
(1) Reflects internal policy limit. Maximum capacity with CDARs is $1.8 billion.
Our participation in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Services (“CDARS”) program is part of an Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”) strategy to increase and diversify funding sources. As of June 30, 2025, the outstanding CDARS balance of $14.5 million carried an average weighted rate of 2.96% and an average original term of 321 days. These deposits are part of a reciprocal program that allows our depositors to receive expanded FDIC coverage by placing multiple certificates of deposit at other CDARS member banks.
Liquidity available through the Federal Reserve is a result of the FRB Borrower-in-Custody of Collateral program, which enables us to take certain loans that are not being used as collateral at the FHLB and pledge them as collateral for borrowings at the FRB. 
79


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


First Commonwealth’s long-term liquidity source is its core deposit base. Core deposits are the most stable source of liquidity a bank can have due to the long-term relationship with a deposit customer. The following table shows a breakdown of the components of First Commonwealth’s deposits: 
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Originated
Acquired (a)
Amount Amount
  (dollars in thousands)
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits $ 2,285,352  $ 41,484  $ 2,326,836  $ 2,249,615 
Interest-bearing demand deposits 1,872,949  13,004  1,885,953  1,855,633 
Savings deposits 3,999,318  133,190  4,132,508  3,822,305 
Time deposits 1,668,978  90,307  1,759,285  1,750,466 
Total $ 9,826,597  $ 277,985  $ 10,104,582  $ 9,678,019 
(a)Reflects the deposit balances, including purchase accounting marks, of deposits acquired from Center as of the acquisition date of April 30, 2025.

In the table above, compared to amounts previously disclosed, deposits for December 31, 2024 reflect a reclassification of $1.2 billion out of savings deposits into interest-bearing demand deposits. This reclassification removes the impact of an internal sweep program that has historically been in place for regulatory reserve requirements. In the second quarter of 2025, the internal sweep program was terminated, therefore for consistency purposes, interest-bearing demand deposits and savings deposits for periods prior to June 30, 2025 are now shown without the deposit reclassification.
The level of deposits during any period is influenced by factors outside of management’s control, such as the level of short-term and long-term market interest rates and yields offered on competing investments, such as money market mutual funds.
During the first six months of 2025, total deposits increased $426.6 million, of which $278.0 million was from the Center acquisition. Interest-bearing demand and savings deposits increased $340.5 million, $146.2 million of which relates to Center, time deposits increased $8.8 million, a $90.3 million increase due to the Center acquisition offset by an $81.5 million decrease in organic deposits, and noninterest-bearing demand deposits increased $77.2 million, $41.5 million of which relates to Center.
The estimated total of uninsured deposits was $2.8 billion and $2.6 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, of which $0.8 billion were secured by pledged investment securities or letters of credit at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Uninsured amounts are estimated based on known account relationships for each depositor and insurance guidelines provided by the FDIC.
Market Risk
The following gap analysis compares the difference between the amount of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities subject to repricing over a period of time. The ratio of rate-sensitive assets to rate-sensitive liabilities repricing within a one-year period was 0.68 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. A ratio of less than one indicates a higher level of repricing liabilities over repricing assets over the next twelve months. The level of First Commonwealth's ratio is largely driven by the modeling of interest-bearing non-maturity deposits, which are included in the analysis as repricing within one year.
Gap analysis has limitations due to the static nature of the model, which holds volumes and consumer behaviors constant in all economic and interest rate scenarios. A lower level of rate sensitive assets to rate sensitive liabilities repricing in one year could indicate reduced net interest income in a rising interest rate scenario, and conversely, increased net interest income in a declining interest rate scenario. However, the gap analysis incorporates only the level of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and not the sensitivity each has to changes in interest rates. The impact of the sensitivity to changes in interest rates is provided in the table below the gap analysis.
80


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The following is the gap analysis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024: 
  June 30, 2025
  0-90 Days 91-180
Days
181-365
Days
Cumulative
0-365 Days
Over 1 Year
Through 5
Years
Over 5
Years
  (dollars in thousands)
Loans and leases $ 3,860,496  $ 485,259  $ 804,464  $ 5,150,219  $ 3,476,715  $ 817,113 
Investments 81,837  68,800  112,690  263,327  705,493  734,351 
Other interest-earning assets 37,880  —  —  37,880  —  1,234 
Total interest-sensitive assets (ISA) 3,980,213  554,059  917,154  5,451,426  4,182,208  1,552,698 
Certificates of deposit 890,705  493,978  292,691  1,677,374  77,642  1,102 
Other deposits 6,018,461  —  —  6,018,461  —  — 
Borrowings 305,026  213  427  305,666  179,105  — 
Total interest-sensitive liabilities (ISL) 7,214,192  494,191  293,118  8,001,501  256,747  1,102 
Gap $ (3,233,979) $ 59,868  $ 624,036  $ (2,550,075) $ 3,925,461  $ 1,551,596 
ISA/ISL 0.55  1.12  3.13  0.68  16.29  1,408.98 
Gap/Total assets 26.43  % 0.49  % 5.10  % 20.84  % 32.08  % 12.68  %

 
  December 31, 2024
  0-90 Days 91-180
Days
181-365
Days
Cumulative
0-365 Days
Over 1 Year
Through 5
Years
Over 5
Years
  (dollars in thousands)
Loans and leases $ 3,668,849  $ 423,523  $ 738,672  $ 4,831,044  $ 3,212,002  $ 851,465 
Investments 57,039  50,445  119,475  226,959  675,061  771,365 
Other interest-earning assets 27,160  —  —  27,160  —  1,198 
Total interest-sensitive assets (ISA) 3,753,048  473,968  858,147  5,085,163  3,887,063  1,624,028 
Certificates of deposit 681,794  410,573  552,392  1,644,759  104,383  1,218 
Other deposits 5,677,938  —  —  5,677,938  —  — 
Borrowings 159,245  211  423  159,879  179,508  — 
Total interest-sensitive liabilities (ISL) 6,518,977  410,784  552,815  7,482,576  283,891  1,218 
Gap $ (2,765,929) $ 63,184  $ 305,332  $ (2,397,413) $ 3,603,172  $ 1,622,810 
ISA/ISL 0.58  1.15  1.55  0.68  13.69  1,333.36 
Gap/Total assets 23.88  % 0.55  % 2.64  % 20.69  % 31.10  % 14.01  %

The following table presents an analysis of the potential sensitivity of our annual net interest income to gradual changes in interest rates over a 12-month time frame as compared with net interest income if rates remained unchanged and there are no changes in balance sheet categories.
 
  Net interest income change (12 months) for basis point movements of:
  -200 -100 +100 +200
  (dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025 ($) $ (10,367) $ (5,109) $ 5,928  $ 10,745 
June 30, 2025 (%) (2.23) % (1.10) % 1.28  % 2.31  %
December 31, 2024 ($) $ (8,351) $ (4,213) $ 5,101  $ 9,080 
December 31, 2024 (%) (2.07) % (1.05) % 1.27  % 2.25  %
81


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The following table represents the potential sensitivity of our annual net interest income to immediate changes in interest rates versus if rates remained unchanged and there are no changes in balance sheet categories.
  Net interest income change (12 months) for basis point movements of:
  -200 -100 +100 +200
  (dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025 ($) $ (29,711) $ (14,069) $ 14,143  $ 26,198 
June 30, 2025 (%) (6.40) % (3.03) % 3.04  % 5.64  %
December 31, 2024 ($) $ (28,123) $ (13,449) $ 13,690  $ 25,374 
December 31, 2024 (%) (6.98) % (3.34) % 3.40  % 6.30  %
The Company evaluates its potential interest rate sensitivity by utilizing several interest rate scenarios that incorporate both rising and declining rates. Results of these scenarios are impacted by variables that include the current level of interest rates, product characteristics such as floors and ceilings, the frequency with which variable rate products reset their rates, and projected pricing changes for non-maturity deposits. For example, the results in a declining rate scenario could be affected by the model's use of an assumed interest rate floor of zero. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the cost of our interest-bearing liabilities averaged 2.63% and 2.81%, respectively, and the yield on our average interest-earning assets, on a fully taxable equivalent basis, averaged 5.65% and 5.60%, respectively.
Asset/liability models require that certain assumptions be made, such as prepayment rates on earning assets and the impact of pricing on non-maturity deposits, which may differ from actual experience. These business assumptions are based upon our experience, business plans and published industry experience. While management believes such assumptions to be reasonable, there can be no assurance that modeled results will approximate actual results.
Credit Risk
Management of credit risk within our loan and lease portfolio is a focus of the Company and is a continuous process in order to address changing economic and lending environments. In order to identify and manage credit risk, segment and concentration limits are established and approved by our Board of Directors’ Risk Committee in order to maintain alignment with our credit risk appetite, loan strategic plan, loan policy and underwriting guidelines. In addition, our Credit Department completes industry studies to identify potential risk in the portfolio. For example, within the commercial real estate portfolio, industry studies are completed for the following sectors: hospitality, industrial, multifamily, office, retail, senior living, healthcare and student housing. All industry studies are completed on an annual basis with the exception of senior living and healthcare which are completed every other year.
On an annual basis, the Credit Department also reviews the commercial real estate portfolio as a whole, along with underwriting practices and loan level stress testing procedures, to enhance risk management practices and monitor commercial real estate concentrations. This review provides an overview of the portfolio to ensure that emerging risks have been identified, and documents and validates the standard interest rate and capitalization rate stress scenarios.
First Commonwealth maintains an allowance for credit losses at a level deemed sufficient for losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio at the date of each statement of financial condition. Management reviews the appropriateness of the allowance on a quarterly basis to ensure that the provision for credit losses has been charged against earnings in an amount necessary to maintain the allowance at a level that is appropriate based on management’s assessment of estimated expected losses.
First Commonwealth’s methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses consists of several key elements. These elements include an assessment of individual nonperforming loans with a balance greater than $250 thousand, loss experience trends and other relevant factors.
First Commonwealth also maintains a reserve for unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit based upon credit risk and probability of funding. The reserve totaled $6.7 million at June 30, 2025 and is classified in "Other liabilities" on the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
We discontinue interest accruals on a loan when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to fully collect principal or interest due according to the contractual terms of the loan. A loan is also placed on nonaccrual status when, based on regulatory definitions, the loan is maintained on a “cash basis” due to the weakened financial condition of the borrower. Generally, loans 90 days or more past due are placed on nonaccrual status, except for consumer loans, which are placed on nonaccrual status at 150 days past due.
82


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


Consumer loans related to automobile and recreational vehicles are either charged off or repossessed at no later than 90 days past due.
Nonperforming loans are closely monitored on an ongoing basis as part of our loan review and work-out process. The probable risk of loss on these loans is evaluated by comparing the loan balance to the estimated fair value of any underlying collateral or the present value of projected future cash flows. Losses or a specifically assigned allowance for loan losses are recognized where appropriate.
Nonperforming loans and leases, including loans held for sale, increased $38.1 million to $99.5 million at June 30, 2025, compared to $61.5 million at December 31, 2024. The increase in nonperforming loans is primarily the result of a $31.9 million dealer floor plan relationship moved to nonaccrual during the second quarter 2025 as a result of being out of trust on sold vehicles. Other additions to nonaccrual during the six months ended June 30, 2025 include $15.2 million in numerous commercial relationships and $8.4 million from the Center acquisition. Offsetting these additions are payoffs of nonperforming loans totaling $12.7 million. Charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 included $2.5 million related to commercial, financial, agricultural and other loans and $1.3 million in commercial real estate loans.
The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans was 133.62% as of June 30, 2025, compared to 193.48% at December 31, 2024, and 216.48% at June 30, 2024. The amount of individually assessed reserves included in the allowance for nonperforming loans and leases was determined by using fair values obtained from current appraisals and updated discounted cash flow analyses. The allowance for credit losses includes specific allocations of $14.1 million and general reserves of $118.9 million as of June 30, 2025. Specific reserves increased $6.1 million in comparison to December 31, 2024 and $2.3 million from June 30, 2024. The increase in specific reserves compared to December 31, 2024 is primarily due to a $4.2 million specific reserve established for the $31.9 million dealer floor plan relationship placed on nonaccrual status in the second quarter of 2025 and $3.6 million in a day-1 allowance for credit losses recognized related to PCD loans acquired from Center.
Criticized loans totaled $254.9 million at June 30, 2025 and represented 2.7% of the loan portfolio. The level of criticized loans increased as of June 30, 2025 when compared to December 31, 2024, by $30.7 million, or 14%. Classified loans totaled $130.0 million at June 30, 2025 compared to $96.3 million at December 31, 2024, an increase of $33.7 million, or 35%. The higher level of classified loans can be attributed to the increase in nonperforming loans as previously discussed.
The allowance for credit losses was $133.0 million at June 30, 2025, or 1.39% of total loans and leases outstanding, compared to 1.32% reported at December 31, 2024, and 1.37% at June 30, 2024. General reserves, or the portion of the allowance related to loans that were not specifically evaluated, as a percentage of performing loans were 1.25% at June 30, 2025 compared to 1.24% at December 31, 2024 and 1.25% at June 30, 2024.
83


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The following table provides information related to nonperforming assets, the allowance for credit losses and other credit-related measurements:
  June 30,   December 31, 2024  
  2025   2024  
  (dollars in thousands)  
Nonperforming Loans:
Total nonperforming loans $ 99,507     $ 57,119     $ 61,456    
Loans past due 30 to 90 days and still accruing $ 17,117  $ 36,489  $ 20,118 
Loans past due in excess of 90 days and still accruing $ 1,297     $ 1,753     $ 2,064    
Other real estate owned $ 1,049     $ 484     $ 895    
Loans held for sale at end of period $ 42,993  $ 50,769  $ 51,991 
Portfolio loans and leases outstanding at end of period $ 9,570,815     $ 8,994,890  $ 8,983,754    
Average loans and leases outstanding $ 9,250,577  (a)  $ 9,007,969  (a)  $ 9,013,742  (b) 
Nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans and leases 1.04  % 0.63  % 0.68  %
Provision for credit losses on loans and leases (e)
$ 12,421  (a)  $ 14,640  (a)  $ 32,368  (b) 
Allowance for credit losses $ 132,966     $ 123,654     $ 118,906    
Net charge-offs $ 5,856  (a)  $ 8,704  (a)  $ 31,180  (b) 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding (annualized) 0.13  % 0.19  % 0.35  %
Provision for credit losses as a percentage of net charge-offs (e)
212.11  % (a)  168.20  % (a)  103.81  % (b) 
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of end-of-period loans and leases outstanding (c)
1.39  % 1.37  % 1.32  %
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans (d)
133.62  % 216.48  % 193.48  %
(a)For the six-month period ended.
(b)For the twelve-month period ended.
(c)Does not include loans held for sale.
(d)Does not include nonperforming loans held for sale.
(e)Does not include provision for credit losses on loans and leases - acquisition day 1 non-PCD.
The following tables show the outstanding balances of our loan and lease portfolio and the breakdown of net charge-offs and nonperforming loans, excluding loans held for sale, by loan type as of and for the periods presented:
 
  June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
  Originated
Acquired (a)
Amount % Amount %
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 1,894,100  $ 61,233  $ 1,955,333  20  % $ 1,677,989  19  %
Real estate construction 414,631  33,521  448,152  483,384 
Residential real estate 2,307,355  82,920  2,390,275  25  2,341,703  26 
Commercial real estate 3,251,700  114,567  3,366,267  35  3,124,704  35 
Loans to individuals 1,410,411  377  1,410,788  15  1,355,974  15 
Total loans and leases, net of unearned income $ 9,278,197  $ 292,618  $ 9,570,815  100  % $ 8,983,754  100  %
(a)Reflects the balances, excluding loans held for sale and including purchase accounting marks, of loans acquired from Center as of the acquisition date of April 30, 2025.
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, loans increased $587.1 million compared to balances outstanding at December 31, 2024, $292.6 million of which can be attributed to the Center acquisition.
Originated commercial, financial, agricultural and other loans increased $216.1 million, or 12.9%, primarily due to growth in the equipment finance portfolio and time and demand loans. Originated real estate construction loans decreased $68.8 million, or 14.2%, due to commercial real estate projects that were completed and moved to permanent funding. Originated residential real estate decreased $34.3 million, or 1.5%, primarily due to a decline in residential first lien loans. Originated commercial real estate loans increased $127.0 million, or 4.1%, as a result of growth in loans secured by non-owner occupied commercial real estate.
84


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


Originated loans to individuals increased $54.4 million, or 4.0%, primarily due to growth in the automobile and recreational vehicles portfolio offset by a decline in the personal line of credit portfolio.
Commercial real estate comprises 35% of our total loan portfolio. Commercial real estate loans are collateralized by real estate properties including, but not limited to, multifamily properties, office, retail, hotels and student housing. The following table summarizes the commercial real estate portfolio by type of property securing the credit.
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Amount % Amount %
(dollars in thousands)
Land $ 6,076  0.2  % $ 4,495  0.1  %
Residential 1-4 12,159  0.4  11,735  0.4 
Industrial and storage 642,805  19.1  522,480  16.7 
Multifamily 647,618  19.2  610,442  19.5 
Office 526,763  15.7  533,216  17.1 
Healthcare 155,615  4.6  153,609  4.9 
Student housing 148,241  4.4  126,688  4.1 
Retail 805,347  23.9  768,067  24.6 
Hospitality 223,603  6.6  191,372  6.1 
Specialty use 194,369  5.8  196,946  6.3 
Other 3,671  0.1  5,654  0.2 
Total $ 3,366,267  100.0  % $ 3,124,704  100.0  %
The following tables represent our commercial real estate portfolio by type of property securing the credit as of June 30, 2025. Total non-pass commercial real estate loans decreased by $3.6 million to $106.2 million when compared to December 31, 2024.
Pass OAEM Substandard Accruing Substandard Nonaccruing Total Non-Pass Total % Non-Pass
(dollars in thousands)
Land $ 5,931  $ —  $ 145  $ —  $ 145  $ 6,076  2.4  %
Residential 1-4 11,843  —  316  —  316  12,159  2.6 
Industrial and storage 638,515  2,203  1,790  297  4,290  642,805  0.7 
Multifamily 608,532  28,240  38  10,808  39,086  647,618  6.0 
Office 500,279  12,955  94  13,435  26,484  526,763  5.0 
Healthcare 150,940  4,360  315  —  4,675  155,615  3.0 
Student housing 148,241  —  —  —  —  148,241  — 
Retail 784,950  4,311  14,655  1,431  20,397  805,347  2.5 
Hospitality 217,096  5,073  —  1,434  6,507  223,603  2.9 
Specialty use 190,211  890  587  2,681  4,158  194,369  2.1 
Other 3,572  99  —  —  99  3,671  2.7 
Total $ 3,260,110  $ 58,131  $ 17,940  $ 30,086  $ 106,157  $ 3,366,267  3.2  %
The office portfolio comprises 15% of total commercial real estate loans and 25% of total commercial real estate non-pass loans. The average loan commitment size for the office portfolio is $1.1 million and the average outstanding balance as of June 30, 2025 is $0.9 million. Within the office portfolio, exposures over $1.0 million have an average debt service coverage ratio of 1.48x, which exceeds our internal guidelines of 1.35x to 1.40x, depending on property class. These internal guidelines were updated in July 2025 to 1.35x to 1.50x. Additionally, for loans with exposure over $1.0 million, the office portfolio has an average loan to value of 56.0% compared to internal guidelines of 60-75%, depending on property class. Our current measure is based off of the most recent appraisal on file, the majority of which are from origination.
As previously noted, portfolio segment limits are approved by our Board of Directors' Risk Committee. These segment limits incorporate loan commitments and are based off of total Tier 1 capital plus the allowable allowance for credit losses. In the second quarter of 2024, after considering the current environment and potential risks related to the office portfolio, the segment limit for the office portfolio was decreased from 65% to 50%, with the actual segment concentration at 39.4% as of June 30, 2025.
85


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


The following table summarizes commercial real estate loans by the location of the properties by which they are collateralized as of June 30, 2025. Some loans are collateralized by multiple properties spread over various states. In those instances, the loan is included below based on the location of the primary property collateralizing the loan.
Balance % of Total
(dollars in thousands)
Pennsylvania $ 1,524,300  45  %
Ohio 1,374,824  41 
Kentucky 96,717 
New Jersey 58,254 
New York 44,944 
Indiana 40,597 
Other 226,631 
$ 3,366,267  100  %
When calculating the allowance for credit losses the commercial real estate portfolio is segmented into three portfolio segments: multifamily, non-owner occupied and owner occupied. For additional information related to these segments, including credit quality, see Note 8 "Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses" of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
As indicated in the table below, commercial real estate and commercial, financial and agricultural and other loans represent a significant portion of the nonperforming loans as of June 30, 2025.
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 As of June 30, 2025
  Net
Charge-
offs
% of
Total Net
Charge-offs
Net Charge-
offs as a % of
Average
Loans (annualized)
Nonperforming
Loans
% of Total
Nonperforming
Loans
Nonperforming
Loans as a % of
Total Loans
  (dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other $ 1,055  18.02  % 0.03  % $ 53,682  53.95  % 0.56  %
Real estate construction —  —  —  3,115  3.13  0.03 
Residential real estate 43  0.73  —  12,345  12.41  0.13 
Commercial real estate 1,921  32.80  0.04  30,087  30.24  0.32 
Loans to individuals 2,837  48.45  0.06  278  0.27  — 
Total loans and leases, net of unearned income $ 5,856  100.00  % 0.13  % $ 99,507  100.00  % 1.04  %
Net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 totaled $5.9 million, compared to $8.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Charge-offs during the six months ended June 30, 2025 were primarily in the commercial real estate and loans to individual categories. See discussions related to the provision for credit losses and loans for more information.
Capital Resources
At June 30, 2025, shareholders’ equity was $1.5 billion, an increase of $112.6 million from December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily the result of $66.1 million in net income, $45.9 million in common shares issued in conjunction with the Center acquisition and a $26.4 million increase in the fair value of available for sale investments and interest rate swaps, which is reflected in the Other Comprehensive Income component of capital. Other items impacting capital include a $3.9 million increase related to the reissuance of treasury stock and decreases resulting from $27.4 million of dividends paid to shareholders and $2.3 million of common stock repurchases. Cash dividends declared per common share were $0.265 for the six months ended June 30, 2025.
First Commonwealth and First Commonwealth Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on First Commonwealth’s financial statements.
86


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, First Commonwealth and First Commonwealth Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of First Commonwealth’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. First Commonwealth’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weighting and other factors.
Effective January 1, 2015, the Company became subject to the new regulatory risk-based capital rules adopted by the federal banking agencies implementing Basel III. The most significant changes included higher minimum capital requirements, as the minimum Tier I capital ratio increased from 4.0% to 6.0% and a new common equity Tier I capital ratio was established with a minimum level of 4.5%. Additionally, the rules improved the quality of capital by providing stricter eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments and provide for a phase-in, beginning January 1, 2016, of a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. This buffer, which was fully phased-in as of January 1, 2019, provides a requirement to hold common equity Tier 1 capital above the minimum risk-based capital requirements, resulting in an effective common equity Tier I risk-weighted asset minimum ratio of 7.0% on a fully phased-in basis.
The Basel III Rules also permit banking organizations with less than $15.0 billion in assets to retain, through a one-time election, the existing treatment for accumulated other comprehensive income, which currently does not affect regulatory capital. The Company elected to retain this treatment, which reduces the volatility of regulatory capital levels.
In 2018, First Commonwealth Bank, the Company's banking subsidiary, issued $100 million in subordinated debt, of which $50 million remained outstanding at June 30, 2025, which under the regulatory rules qualifies as Tier II capital. As of June 30, 2025, this subordinated debt issuance increased the total risk-based capital ratio by 49 basis points.
As of June 30, 2025, First Commonwealth and First Commonwealth Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject and were considered well-capitalized under the regulatory rules. To be considered well capitalized, the Company must maintain minimum Total risk-based capital, Tier I risk-based capital, Tier I leverage ratio and Common equity tier I risk-based capital as set forth in the table below:
  Actual Minimum Capital Required Required to be Considered Well Capitalized
  Capital
Amount
Ratio Capital
Amount
Ratio Capital
Amount
Ratio
  (dollars in thousands)
Total Capital to Risk Weighted Assets
First Commonwealth Financial Corporation $ 1,441,988  14.39  % $ 1,052,086  10.50  % $ 1,001,987  10.00  %
First Commonwealth Bank 1,338,210  13.38  1,049,835  10.50  999,842  10.00 
Tier I Capital to Risk Weighted Assets
First Commonwealth Financial Corporation $ 1,267,246  12.65  % $ 851,689  8.50  % $ 801,589  8.00  %
First Commonwealth Bank 1,163,733  11.64  849,866  8.50  799,874  8.00 
Tier I Capital to Average Assets
First Commonwealth Financial Corporation $ 1,267,246  10.74  % $ 471,913  4.00  % $ 589,891  5.00  %
First Commonwealth Bank 1,163,733  9.89  470,871  4.00  588,589  5.00 
Common Equity Tier I to Risk Weighted Assets
First Commonwealth Financial Corporation $ 1,197,246  11.95  % $ 701,391  7.00  % $ 651,291  6.50  %
First Commonwealth Bank 1,163,733  11.64  699,890  7.00  649,898  6.50 
On July 29, 2025, First Commonwealth Financial Corporation declared a quarterly dividend of $0.135 per share payable on August 22, 2025 to shareholders of record as of August 8, 2025. The timing and amount of future dividends are at the discretion of First Commonwealth's Board of Directors based upon, among other factors, capital levels, asset quality, liquidity and current and projected earnings.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, FASB released Accounting Standards Update 2023-09 (“ASU 2023-09”), Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires additional disclosure information in specified categories with respect to the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate (the rate reconciliation) for federal, state and foreign income taxes. ASU 2023-09 also requires greater detail about individual reconciling items in the rate reconciliation for those items that exceed a specified threshold. In addition to the new rate reconciliation disclosures, ASU 2023-09 requires information related to taxes paid (net of refunds received) to be disaggregated for federal, state and foreign taxes, along with further disaggregation for specific jurisdictions, to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold.
87


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. ASU 2023-09 should be applied prospectively, with an option for retrospective application to each period in the financial statements. The updated guidance, which was adopted on January 1, 2025, and is effective for annual reporting periods, has no impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, FASB released Accounting Standards Update 2024-03 ("ASU 2024-03"), “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). ASU 2024-03 requires disaggregated disclosure of certain expense categories included in the Company's consolidated statement of income. The required disclosure categories include, among other items, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. Additionally, entities must disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective, on a prospective basis, for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2024-03 should be applied prospectively, with an option for retrospective application to each period in the financial statements. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
88



ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Information appearing in Item 2 of this report under the caption “Market Risk” is incorporated by reference in response to this item.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1-934 (the “Exchange Act”). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
89


PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 
ITEM 1.     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information required by this item is set forth in Part I, Item 1, Note 6, "Commitments and Contingent Liabilities," which is incorporated herein by reference in response to this item.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under Part I, Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.


ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
    
On October 26, 2021, a share repurchase program was authorized for up to $25.0 million in shares of the Company's common stock with a $25 million increase in April of 2023. The following table details the amount of shares repurchased under this program in the second quarter of 2025:
Month Ending: Total Number of
Shares
Purchased
Average Price
Paid per Share
(or Unit)
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
Maximum Number
of Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased Under
the Plans or
Programs*
April 30, 2025 —  $ —  —  6,715,455 
May 31, 2025 —  —  —  6,715,455 
June 30, 2025 32,844  15.47  32,844  6,207,484 
Total 32,844  $ 15.47  32,844 
* Remaining number of shares approved under the Plan is based on the market value of the Company's common stock of $15.32 at April 30, 2025, $15.62 at May 31, 2025 and $16.23 at June 30, 2025.

ITEM 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
    None

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
    Not applicable

ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION
    
None of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during quarter ended June 30, 2025, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. On June 18, 2025, the Corporation entered into a Rule 10b5-1 Issuer Repurchase Plan with a registered broker to effect repurchases of the Corporation’s common stock under the Corporation’s treasury stock repurchase program. The 10b5-1 issuer repurchase plan will terminate upon the earlier of $6,806,795 in shares of common stock authorized for repurchase having been repurchased or after market close on July 31, 2025.
90


PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
ITEM 6.     EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
   Description    Incorporated by Reference to
      Filed herewith
      Filed herewith
      Filed herewith
      Filed herewith
101    The following materials from First Commonwealth Financial Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. Note that XBRL tags are embedded within the document.    Filed herewith

91


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
FIRST COMMONWEALTH FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Registrant)
 
DATED: August 11, 2025   /s/ T. Michael Price
 
T. Michael Price
President and Chief Executive Officer
DATED: August 11, 2025   /s/ James R. Reske
  James R. Reske
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

92

EX-31.1 2 fcf-ex311_20250630x10q.htm EX-31.1 CEO CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT Document

EXHIBIT 31.1
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, T. Michael Price, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of First Commonwealth Financial Corporation;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
DATED: August 11, 2025   /s/ T. Michael Price
 
T. Michael Price
President and Chief Executive Officer


EX-31.2 3 fcf-ex312_20250630x10q.htm EX-31.2 CFO CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT Document

EXHIBIT 31.2
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, James R. Reske, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of First Commonwealth Financial Corporation;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
DATED: August 11, 2025   /s/ James R. Reske
  James R. Reske
  Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer


EX-32.1 4 fcf-ex321_20250630x10q.htm EX-32.1 CEO CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT Document

EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, T. Michael Price, of First Commonwealth Financial Corporation (“First Commonwealth”), certify that the Quarterly Report of First Commonwealth on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2025, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in such report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of First Commonwealth at the end of such period and the results of operations of First Commonwealth for such period.
 
DATED: August 11, 2025   /s/ T. Michael Price
  T. Michael Price
  President and Chief Executive Officer


EX-32.2 5 fcf-ex322_20250630x10q.htm EX-32.2 CFO CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT Document

EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, James R. Reske, of First Commonwealth Financial Corporation (“First Commonwealth”), certify that the Quarterly Report of First Commonwealth on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2025, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in such report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of First Commonwealth at the end of such period and the results of operations of First Commonwealth for such period.
 
DATED: August 11, 2025   /s/ James R. Reske
  James R. Reske
  Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer