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Radnor, PA, May 2, 2024: Lincoln Financial Group (NYSE: LNC) today reported financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2024.

•Net income available to common stockholders was $1.2 billion, or $6.93 per diluted share.

•Adjusted operating income available to common stockholders was $71 million, or $0.41 per diluted share.

•Adjusted operating income available to stockholders was unfavorably impacted by significant items totaling $164 million, or $0.96 per diluted share, including:

◦A legal accrual of $90 million, or $0.53 per diluted share

◦Severance expense of $39 million, or $0.23 per diluted share

◦Balance sheet true-up related to the sale of the wealth management business of $19 million, or $0.11 per diluted share

◦Tax-related items of $16 million, or $0.09 per diluted share.

•The primary differences between net income and adjusted operating income resulted from the following non-economic factors:

◦$1.1 billion of the net income, or $6.64 per diluted share, was primarily due to changes in market risk benefits driven by the increase in interest rates and equity markets.

◦$153 million of the net income, or $0.89 per diluted share, was primarily driven by a change in the fair value of an embedded derivative related to the Fortitude Re reinsurance transaction, with a direct offset in other comprehensive income.

•Estimated RBC ratio was in the range of 400 - 410% at quarter end.

“Our first quarter results, excluding the impact of significant items, exceeded our expectations,” said Ellen Cooper, Chairman, President and CEO of Lincoln Financial Group. “We made continued progress with the strategic realignment in each of our four businesses and executed well, with some notable highlights. Our Annuities business reported its highest earnings quarter in nearly two years, with 5% sequential growth in ending account balances, Group Protection delivered another strong quarter of earnings growth and margin expansion, Life earnings were consistent with our expectations, and Retirement Plan Services sales increased almost 19% from the prior year.

"While our progress won't always be linear, we see this year as our opportunity to meaningfully advance on our strategy. We will continue to position our businesses for profitable growth, build foundational capital, and optimize our operating model. We believe our results this quarter represent a solid foundation for success in 2024." Our 2024 first-quarter results were driven by continued progress in each of our businesses executing on their respective strategic priorities.

•Group Protection delivered operating income of $80 million, the second highest earnings quarter in its history and an increase of almost 13% over the prior-year period. Group Protection's margin grew 60 basis points year-over-year to 6.2%, attributable to disciplined pricing and lower expenses.

•Annuities reported $259 million in operating income, down 5.5%, driven by unfavorable impacts including a balance sheet true-up related to the close of the sale of the wealth management business of $19 million and tax-related impacts of $12 million. Excluding the impact of these items, Annuities generated earnings of $290 million, its highest earnings quarter in nearly two years. Ending account balances increased 5% sequentially.

•Life Insurance reported an operating loss of $(35) million, compared to a loss of $(13) million in the first quarter of 2023. The year-over-year decline included a $(28) million impact from the Fortitude Re reinsurance transaction. The year-over-year decline in sales is a result of our intentional strategic realignment to products that are expected to deliver more stable cash flows and higher risk-adjusted returns, such as accumulation products.

•Retirement Plan Services delivered operating income of $36 million, down 16% year over year, driven by lower spread income. Ending account balances were $107 billion, up 15% compared to the first quarter of 2023. First-year sales growth was robust with a 53% year-over-year increase, driving positive flows, and we continue to take actions that support long-term sustainable growth and profitability.

1In periods where a net loss or adjusted loss from operations is presented, basic shares are used in the diluted EPS and adjusted diluted EPS calculations, as the use of diluted shares would result in a lower loss per share.

2 Refer to the full reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted Income from Operations at the back of this press release.

Condensed Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted Income from Operations1

1 Refer to the full reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted Income from Operations at the back of this press release.

•The 2024 first quarter included a $1.1 billion net gain primarily due to changes in market risk benefits driven by the increase in interest rates and equity markets.

•$153 million of the net income was driven by a change in the fair value of an embedded derivative primarily related to the Fortitude Re reinsurance transaction, with a direct offset in other comprehensive income.

1 Excludes alternative investment income on investments supporting our modified coinsurance and coinsurance with funds withheld agreements as we have limited economic interest in those investments.

(1) Alternative investment income comparison to long-term target assumes a 10% annual return on the alternative investment portfolio.

(2) Prepayment income is actual income reported in the quarter.

"Other" in the table above includes severance expense of $39 million related to organizational changes and a $19 million balance sheet true-up in preparation for the close of the sale of the wealth management business.

1 Holding company available liquidity presented for the quarters ended 3/31/2023 and 6/30/2023 does not include the $500 million prefunding used to repay $500 million of debt that matured at 9/30/2023, and the quarter ended 3/31/2024 does not include the $300 million prefunding of a 2025 maturity.

2 The RBC ratio is calculated as of December 31 annually, but is reported in the March statutory reporting, and as such, the quarterly ratios presented for 3/31/2023, 6/30/2023, 9/30/2023 and 3/31/2024 are considered estimates based on information known at the time of reporting.

3 Refer to the reconciliation to book value per share, including AOCI, at the back of this release.

4 This measure has been updated, effective beginning with the fourth quarter of 2023, to exclude reinsurance-related embedded derivatives and the underlying portfolio gains (losses), given the size of the impact of the fourth quarter 2023 reinsurance transaction. Such amounts in the prior periods presented, and the impact of this change to such prior periods, was not meaningful.

1 Day one impacts related to the reinsurance transaction with Fortitude Re caused line-item volatility in the fourth quarter 2023.

2 Reported ROA including the impact of the following significant items: 1Q’23: $11M dividends received deduction true-up; 3Q’23: $(12)M assumption review; 4Q’23: $14M model refinement; and 1Q’24: $(19)M balance sheet true-up in preparation for the close of the sale of the wealth management business and $(12)M of tax-related items.

•Income from operations was $259 million for the first quarter, down 5.5% over the prior year. The year-over-year reduction was driven by the unfavorable impact of $31 million of significant items related to a balance sheet true-up in preparation for the close of the sale of the wealth management business of $19 million and $12 million in tax-related expenses.

•We continued our track record of strong annuity sales, which once again exceeded $2.5 billion in the quarter.

•Net outflows were approximately $2 billion in the quarter, compared to net outflows of $331 million in the prior-year quarter, the result of higher interest rates coinciding with higher account balances.

•Average account balances, net of reinsurance, for the quarter were $155 billion, up 6%, compared to $146 billion in the prior-year quarter, primarily driven by growth in variable annuities. RILA represented 19% of total annuity end-of-quarter account balances, net of reinsurance, an increase of 4 percentage points compared to the prior-year quarter.

•Loss from operations was $(35) million for the quarter, $22 million lower than the loss from operations of $(13) million in the prior-year quarter. The year-over-year change was driven primarily by the impact of the Fortitude Re reinsurance transaction that closed in the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Total sales were 30% lower year over year, driven by our intentional shift to a capital-efficient new business mix.

•Average account balances, net of reinsurance, were $42 billion, down 14% compared to the prior-year quarter, driven by the impact of the Fortitude Re transaction.

•Income from operations was $80 million in the quarter, compared to $71 million in the prior-year quarter, driven by lower expenses and pricing discipline.

•Group Protection's margin grew 60 basis points year over year to 6.2%, attributable to disciplined pricing and lower expenses. Total loss ratio was 75.0% in the quarter in line with the prior-year quarter, resulting from lower life incidence offset by higher disability results, which were historically low in the first half of 2023.

•Insurance premiums were $1.3 billion in the quarter, up 3% compared to the prior-year quarter.

•Group Protection sales for the quarter were $144 million, up 13% compared to the prior-year quarter, driven by broad-based growth across products and market segments.

    

•Income from operations was $36 million in the quarter, a 16% decline compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily driven by lower spread income.

•Total deposits for the quarter were $3.8 billion, an increase of 18.5% over the prior-year quarter driven by significant sales growth of 53% year over year and strong recurring deposit growth of 8%.

•Net flows totaled $391 million for the quarter.

•Average account balances for the quarter were $103 billion, increasing 13% from the prior-year quarter.

1 Day one impacts related to the reinsurance transaction with Fortitude Re caused line-item volatility in the fourth quarter 2023.

2 Income (loss) from operations does not include preferred dividends.

•First quarter 2024 operating loss included the impact of a legal accrual of $90 million, severance expense of $39 million, and a $3 million tax-related expense.

The Company reported a net unrealized loss of $9.8 billion (pre-tax) on its available-for-sale securities as of March 31, 2024. This compared to a net unrealized loss of $9.6 billion (pre-tax) as of March 31, 2023, with the year-over-year decrease primarily due to higher treasury rates.

The tables attached to this release define and reconcile the non-GAAP measures adjusted income (loss) from operations, adjusted income (loss) from operations available to common stockholders, book value per share, excluding AOCI, and adjusted book value per share to net income (loss), net income (loss) available to common stockholders, and book value per share, including AOCI, calculated in accordance with GAAP.

This press release contains statements that are forward-looking, and actual results may differ materially. Please see the Forward-looking Statements – Cautionary Language at the end of this release for factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the company’s current expectations.

For other financial information, please refer to the company’s first quarter 2024 statistical supplement, which is available in the investor relations section of its website http://www.lincolnfinancial.com/investor.

Lincoln Financial Group will discuss the company’s first-quarter 2024 results with the investment community in a conference call beginning at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Time on Thursday, May 2, 2024.

The conference call will be broadcast live through the company’s website at www.lincolnfinancial.com/webcast. Please log on to the webcast at least 15 minutes prior to the start of the conference call to download and install any necessary streaming media software. A replay of the call will be available by 10:30 a.m. Eastern Time on May 2, 2024, at www.lincolnfinancial.com/webcast.

Lincoln Financial Group helps people to plan, protect and retire with confidence. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 17 million customers trust our guidance and solutions across four core businesses – annuities, life insurance, group protection, and retirement plan services. As of March 31, 2024, the company had $310 billion in end-of-period account balances, net of reinsurance. Headquartered in Radnor, Pa., Lincoln Financial Group is the marketing name for Lincoln National Corporation (NYSE: LNC) and its affiliates. Learn more at LincolnFinancial.com.

Management believes that adjusted income (loss) from operations (or adjusted operating income), adjusted income (loss) from operations available to common stockholders, and adjusted income (loss) from operations per diluted share available to common stockholders better explain the results of the company’s ongoing businesses in a manner that allows for a better understanding of the underlying trends in the company’s current business as the excluded items are unpredictable and not necessarily indicative of current operating fundamentals or future performance of the business segments, and, in most instances, decisions regarding these items do not necessarily relate to the operations of the individual segments. Management also believes that using book value, excluding accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), and adjusted book value per share enables investors to analyze the amount of our net worth that is primarily attributable to our business operations. Book value per share, excluding AOCI is useful to investors because it eliminates the effect of items that are unpredictable and can fluctuate significantly from period to period, primarily based on changes in interest rates. Adjusted book value per share is useful to investors because it eliminates the effect of items that are unpredictable and can fluctuate significantly from period to period, primarily based on changes in equity markets and interest rates.

For the historical periods, reconciliations of non-GAAP measures used in this press release to the most directly comparable GAAP measure may be included in this Appendix to the press release and/or are included in the Statistical Supplements for the corresponding periods contained in the Earnings section of the Investor Relations page on our website: http://www.lincolnfinancial.com/investor.

Adjusted income (loss) from operations, adjusted income (loss) from operations available to common stockholders, book value per share, excluding AOCI, and adjusted book value per share are financial measures we use to evaluate and assess our results. Adjusted income (loss) from operations, adjusted income (loss) from operations available to common stockholders, book value per share, excluding AOCI, and adjusted book value per share, as used in the press release, are non-GAAP financial measures and do not replace GAAP net income (loss), net income (loss) available to common stockholders, and book value per share, including AOCI, the most directly comparable GAAP measures.

Adjusted income (loss) from operations is GAAP net income (loss) excluding the after-tax effects of the following items, as applicable:

•Items related to annuity product features, which include changes in MRBs, including gains and losses and benefit payments (“MRB-related impacts”), changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments we hold to hedge GLB and GDB riders, net of fee income allocated to support the cost of hedging them, and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities of our indexed annuity contracts and the associated index options we hold to hedge them, including collateral expense associated with the hedge program (collectively, “net annuity product features”);

•Items related to life insurance product features, which include changes in the fair value of derivatives we hold as part of VUL hedging, changes in reserves resulting from benefit ratio unlocking associated with the impact of capital markets, and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities of our IUL contracts and the associated index options we hold to hedge them (collectively, “net life insurance product features”);

•Credit loss-related adjustments on fixed maturity AFS securities, mortgage loans on real estate and reinsurance-related assets (“credit loss-related adjustments”);

•Changes in the fair value of equity securities, certain derivatives, certain other investments and realized gains (losses) on sales, disposals and impairments of financial assets (collectively, “investment gains (losses)”);

•Changes in the fair value of reinsurance-related embedded derivatives, trading securities and mortgage loans on real estate electing the fair value option (“changes in the fair value of reinsurance-related embedded derivatives, trading securities and certain mortgage loans”);

•Income (loss) from the initial adoption of new accounting standards, regulations and policy changes;

•Income (loss) from reserve changes, net of related amortization, on business sold through reinsurance;

•Transaction and integration costs related to mergers and acquisitions including the acquisition or divestiture, through reinsurance or other means, of businesses or blocks of business;

•Gains (losses) on modification or early extinguishment of debt;

•Losses from the impairment of intangible assets and gains (losses) on other non-financial assets; and

•Income (loss) from discontinued operations.

Adjusted income (loss) from operations available to common stockholders is defined as after-tax adjusted income (loss) from operations less preferred stock dividends and the adjustment for deferred units of LNC stock in our deferred compensation plans.

Book value per share, excluding AOCI, is calculated based upon a non-GAAP financial measure.

•It is calculated by dividing (a) stockholders’ equity, excluding AOCI and preferred stock, by (b) common shares outstanding.

•We provide book value per share, excluding AOCI, to enable investors to analyze the amount of our net worth that is attributable primarily to our business operations.

•Management believes book value per share, excluding AOCI, is useful to investors because it eliminates the effect of items that are unpredictable and can fluctuate significantly from period to period, primarily based on changes in interest rates.

•Book value per share is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Adjusted book value per share is calculated based upon a non-GAAP financial measure.

•It is calculated by dividing (a) stockholders’ equity, excluding AOCI, preferred stock, MRB-related impacts, GLB and GLB hedge instrument gains (losses), and the difference between amounts recognized in net income (loss) on reinsurance-related embedded derivatives and the underlying asset portfolios (“reinsurance-related embedded derivatives and portfolio gains (losses)”) by (b) common shares outstanding.

•We provide adjusted book value per share to enable investors to analyze the amount of our net worth that is primarily attributable to our business operations.

•Management believes adjusted book value per share is useful to investors because it eliminates the effect of market movements that are unpredictable that can fluctuate significantly from period to period, primarily based on changes in equity markets and interest rates.

•Book value per share is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Holding company available liquidity consists of cash and invested cash, excluding cash held as collateral, and certain short-term investments that can be readily converted into cash, net of commercial paper outstanding.

Notable items are items which, in management’s view, do not reflect the company’s normal, ongoing operations.

•We believe highlighting notable items included in adjusted income (loss) from operations enables investors to better understand the fundamental trends in its results of operations and financial condition.

Sales as reported consist of the following:

•Annuities and Retirement Plan Services – deposits from new and existing customers;

•Universal life insurance (“UL”), indexed universal life insurance (“IUL”), variable universal life insurance (“VUL”) – first-year commissionable premiums plus 5% of excess premiums received;

•MoneyGuard® linked-benefit products – MoneyGuard® (UL), 15% of total expected premium deposits, and MoneyGuard Market AdvantageSM (VUL), 150% of commissionable premiums;

•Executive Benefits – insurance and corporate-owned UL and VUL, first-year commissionable premiums plus 5% of excess premium received, and single premium bank-owned UL and VUL, 15% of single premium deposits;

•Term – 100% of annualized first-year premiums; and

•Group Protection – annualized first-year premiums from new policies.

(1)     We exclude deferred units of LNC stock that are antidilutive from our diluted earnings per share calculation.

(2)     Includes primarily changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative related to the fourth quarter 2023 reinsurance transaction.

(3)    Includes costs pertaining to the planned sale of our wealth management business and the fourth quarter 2023 reinsurance transaction.

(4)    In periods where a net loss or adjusted loss from operations is presented, basic shares are used in the diluted EPS and adjusted diluted EPS calculations, as the use of diluted shares would result in a lower loss per share.

1 This measure has been updated, effective beginning with the fourth quarter of 2023, to exclude reinsurance-related embedded derivatives and the underlying portfolio gains (losses), given the size of the impact of the fourth quarter 2023 reinsurance transaction. Such amounts in the prior periods presented, and the impact of this change
to such prior periods, was not meaningful.

(1)    We exclude deferred units of LNC stock that are antidilutive from our diluted earnings per share calculation.

(2)     In periods where a net loss or adjusted loss from operations is presented, basic shares are used in the diluted EPS and adjusted diluted EPS calculations, as the use of diluted shares would result in a lower loss per share.

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Certain statements made in this press release and in other written or oral statements made by Lincoln or on Lincoln’s behalf are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”). A forward-looking statement is a statement that is not a historical fact and, without limitation, includes any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements. Forward-looking statements may contain words like: “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “shall,” “will” and other words or phrases with similar meaning in connection with a discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, trends in Lincoln’s businesses, prospective services or products, future performance or financial results and the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings. Lincoln claims the protection afforded by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the PSLRA.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including:

•Weak general economic and business conditions that may affect demand for our products, account balances, investment results, guaranteed benefit liabilities, premium levels and claims experience;

•Adverse global capital and credit market conditions that may affect our ability to raise capital, if necessary, and may cause us to realize impairments on investments and certain intangible assets, including goodwill and the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, which may reduce future earnings and/or affect our financial condition and ability to raise additional capital or refinance existing debt as it matures;

•The inability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to the holding company in sufficient amounts, which could harm the holding company’s ability to meet its obligations;

•Legislative, regulatory or tax changes, both domestic and foreign, that affect: the cost of, or demand for, our subsidiaries’ products; the required amount of reserves and/or surplus; our ability to conduct business and our captive reinsurance arrangements as well as restrictions on the payment of revenue sharing and 12b-1 distribution fees;

•The impact of U.S. federal tax reform legislation on our business, earnings and capital;

•The impact of regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Department of Labor or other federal or state regulators or self-regulatory organizations that could adversely affect our distribution model and sales of our products and result in additional disclosure and other requirements related to the sale and delivery of our products;

•The impact of new and emerging rules, laws and regulations relating to privacy, cybersecurity and artificial intelligence that may lead to increased compliance costs, reputation risk and/or changes in business practices;

•Increasing scrutiny and evolving expectations and regulations regarding ESG matters that may adversely affect our reputation and our investment portfolio;

•Actions taken by reinsurers to raise rates on in-force business;

•Declines in or sustained low interest rates causing a reduction in investment income, the interest margins of our businesses and demand for our products;

•Rapidly increasing or sustained high interest rates that may negatively affect our profitability, value of our investment portfolio and capital position and may cause policyholders to surrender annuity and life insurance policies, thereby causing realized investment losses;

•The impact of the implementation of the provisions of the European Market Infrastructure Regulation relating to the regulation of derivatives transactions;

•The initiation of legal or regulatory proceedings against us, and the outcome of any legal or regulatory proceedings, such as: adverse actions related to present or past business practices common in businesses in which we compete; adverse decisions in significant actions including, but not limited to, actions brought by federal and state authorities and class action cases; new decisions that result in changes in law; and unexpected trial court rulings;

•A decline or continued volatility in the equity markets causing a reduction in the sales of our subsidiaries’ products; a reduction of asset-based fees that our subsidiaries charge on various investment and insurance products; and an increase in liabilities related to guaranteed benefit riders, which are accounted for as market risk benefits, of our subsidiaries’ variable annuity products;

•Ineffectiveness of our risk management policies and procedures, including our various hedging strategies;

•A deviation in actual experience regarding future policyholder behavior, mortality, morbidity, interest rates or equity market returns from the assumptions used in pricing our subsidiaries’ products and in establishing related insurance reserves, which may reduce future earnings;

•Changes in accounting principles that may affect our consolidated financial statements;

•Lowering of one or more of our debt ratings issued by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations and the adverse effect such action may have on our ability to raise capital and on our liquidity and financial condition;

•Lowering of one or more of the insurer financial strength ratings of our insurance subsidiaries and the adverse effect such action may have on the premium writings, policy retention, profitability of our insurance subsidiaries and liquidity;

•Significant credit, accounting, fraud, corporate governance or other issues that may adversely affect the value of certain financial assets, as well as counterparties to which we are exposed to credit risk, requiring that we realize losses on financial assets;

•Interruption in telecommunication, information technology or other operational systems or failure to safeguard the confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data on such systems, including from cyberattacks or other breaches of our data security systems;

•The effect of acquisitions and divestitures, including the inability to realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions and dispositions of businesses and potential operating difficulties and unforeseen liabilities relating thereto, as well as the effect of restructurings, product withdrawals and other unusual items;

•The inability to realize or sustain the benefits we expect from, greater than expected investments in, and the potential impact of efforts related to, our strategic initiatives;

•The adequacy and collectability of reinsurance that we have obtained;

•Pandemics, acts of terrorism, war or other man-made and natural catastrophes that may adversely impact liabilities for policyholder claims, affect our businesses and increase the cost and availability of reinsurance;

•Competitive conditions, including pricing pressures, new product offerings and the emergence of new competitors, that may affect the level of premiums and fees that our subsidiaries can charge for their products;

•The unknown effect on our subsidiaries’ businesses resulting from evolving market preferences and the changing demographics of our client base; and

•The unanticipated loss of key management, financial planners or wholesalers.

The risks and uncertainties included here are not exhaustive. Our most recent Form 10-K, as well as other reports that we file with the SEC, include additional factors that could affect our businesses and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a rapidly changing and competitive environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors.

Further, it is not possible to assess the effect of all risk factors on our businesses or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. In addition, Lincoln disclaims any obligation to correct or update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this press release.

The reporting of Risk-Based Capital (“RBC”) measures is not intended for the purpose of ranking any insurance company or for use in connection with any marketing, advertising or promotional activities.