株探米国株
英語
エドガーで原本を確認する
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Table of Contents



UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)  
☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
________________________________________________________

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

OR
☐  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
____________________________________________________________

For the transition period from           to   
       
Commission File No. 001-36502
COMMERCE BANCSHARES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Missouri 43-0889454
(State of Incorporation) (IRS Employer Identification No.)
1000 Walnut
Kansas City, MO 64106
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
        
(816) 234-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of class Trading symbol(s) Name of exchange on which registered
$5 Par Value Common Stock CBSH NASDAQ Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ     No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ     No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐     No ☑
As of August 1, 2023, the registrant had outstanding 124,700,008 shares of its $5 par value common stock, registrant’s only class of common stock.



Commerce Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Form 10-Q
Page
INDEX

2
Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Commerce Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 June 30,
2023		 December 31, 2022
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
ASSETS
Loans $ 16,956,539  $ 16,303,131 
  Allowance for credit losses on loans (158,685) (150,136)
Net loans 16,797,854  16,152,995 
Loans held for sale (including $1,566,000 and $— of residential mortgage loans carried at fair value at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)
 6,776  4,964 
Investment securities:  
Available for sale debt, at fair value (amortized cost of $11,833,736,000 and $13,738,206,000 at
   June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and allowance for credit losses of $—
   at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022)
 10,414,625  12,238,316 
Trading debt 29,412  43,523 
Equity 12,266  12,304 
Other 258,045  225,034 
Total investment securities 10,714,348  12,519,177 
Federal funds sold 2,750  49,505 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 825,000  825,000 
Interest earning deposits with banks 2,568,695  389,140 
Cash and due from banks 366,699  452,496 
Premises and equipment – net 451,568  418,909 
Goodwill 146,371  138,921 
Other intangible assets – net 14,666  15,234 
Other assets 936,535  909,590 
Total assets $ 32,831,262  $ 31,875,931 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Deposits:  
   Non-interest bearing $ 8,198,849  $ 10,066,356 
   Savings, interest checking and money market 14,418,974  15,126,981 
   Certificates of deposit of less than $100,000 1,543,424  387,336 
   Certificates of deposit of $100,000 and over 1,708,197  606,767 
Total deposits 25,869,444  26,187,440 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 2,878,021  2,841,734 
Other borrowings 1,005,613  9,672 
Other liabilities 392,956  355,508 
Total liabilities 30,146,034  29,394,354 
Commerce Bancshares, Inc. stockholders’ equity:  
   Common stock, $5 par value
  
Authorized 190,000,000 at June 30, 2023 and 140,000,000 at December 31, 2022; issued 125,863,879 shares at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
 629,319  629,319 
   Capital surplus 2,921,365  2,932,959 
   Retained earnings 211,358  31,620 
   Treasury stock of 868,125 shares at June 30, 2023
     and 605,142 shares at December 31, 2022, at cost
 (58,389) (41,743)
   Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1,036,295) (1,086,864)
Total Commerce Bancshares, Inc. stockholders' equity 2,667,358  2,465,291 
Non-controlling interest 17,870  16,286 
Total equity 2,685,228  2,481,577 
Total liabilities and equity $ 32,831,262  $ 31,875,931 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
3
Table of Contents
Commerce Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
For the Three Months Ended June 30 For the Six Months Ended June 30
(In thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022 2023 2022
(Unaudited)
INTEREST INCOME
Interest and fees on loans $ 241,327  $ 142,526  $ 465,143  $ 274,601 
Interest and fees on loans held for sale 151  161  296  311 
Interest on investment securities 73,727  88,635  144,846  161,740 
Interest on federal funds sold 105  19  594  20 
Interest on securities purchased under agreements to resell 4,099  4,385  8,051  9,685 
Interest on deposits with banks 29,254  2,428  38,590  3,579 
Total interest income 348,663  238,154  657,520  449,936 
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest on deposits:
   Savings, interest checking and money market 30,046  2,278  50,197  4,038 
   Certificates of deposit of less than $100,000 10,125  205  11,550  344 
   Certificates of deposit of $100,000 and over 14,416  470  21,043  897 
Interest on federal funds purchased 6,397  224  11,983  231 
Interest on securities sold under agreements to repurchase 17,014  2,702  34,509  3,384 
Interest on other borrowings 21,127  (110) 27,077  (129)
Total interest expense 99,125  5,769  156,359  8,765 
Net interest income 249,538  232,385  501,161  441,171 
Provision for credit losses 6,471  7,162  17,927  (2,696)
Net interest income after credit losses 243,067  225,223  483,234  443,867 
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Bank card transaction fees 49,725  43,873  96,379  85,918 
Trust fees 47,265  46,792  92,593  94,603 
Deposit account charges and other fees 22,633  25,564  44,385  47,871 
Consumer brokerage services 4,677  5,068  9,762  9,514 
Capital market fees 2,539  3,327  5,901  7,452 
Loan fees and sales 2,735  3,246  5,324  7,481 
Other 18,031  11,557  30,873  18,357 
Total non-interest income 147,605  139,427  285,217  271,196 
INVESTMENT SECURITIES GAINS (LOSSES), NET 3,392  1,029  3,086  8,192 
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and employee benefits 145,429  142,243  289,802  278,196 
Data processing and software 28,719  27,635  56,873  54,651 
Net occupancy 12,995  12,503  25,754  24,799 
Marketing 6,368  5,836  11,839  12,180 
Equipment 4,864  4,734  9,714  9,302 
Supplies and communication 4,625  4,361  9,215  9,074 
Other 24,611  16,193  48,521  30,951 
Total non-interest expense 227,611  213,505  451,718  419,153 
Income before income taxes 166,453  152,174  319,819  304,102 
Less income taxes 35,990  32,021  68,803  63,923 
Net income 130,463  120,153  251,016  240,179 
Less non-controlling interest expense (income) 2,674  4,359  3,775  6,231 
Net income attributable to Commerce Bancshares, Inc. $ 127,789  $ 115,794  $ 247,241  $ 233,948 
Net income per common share — basic $ 1.03  $ .92  $ 1.98  $ 1.84 
Net income per common share — diluted $ 1.02  $ .92  $ 1.97  $ 1.84 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
4
Table of Contents
Commerce Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Three Months Ended June 30 For the Six Months Ended June 30
(In thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
(Unaudited)
Net income $ 130,463  $ 120,153  $ 251,016  $ 240,179 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale debt securities (81,882) (328,201) 60,584  (835,466)
Change in pension loss 269  322  539  645 
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedge derivatives (14,184) (4,615) (10,554) (9,153)
Other comprehensive income (loss) (95,797) (332,494) 50,569  (843,974)
Comprehensive income (loss) 34,666  (212,341) 301,585  (603,795)
Less non-controlling interest (income) expense 2,674  4,359  3,775  6,231 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Commerce Bancshares, Inc. $ 31,992  $ (216,700) $ 297,810  $ (610,026)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.













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Commerce Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Commerce Bancshares, Inc. Shareholders
 
 

(In thousands, except per share data)
 Common Stock Capital Surplus Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Non-Controlling Interest Total
(Unaudited)
Balance March 31, 2023
 $ 629,319  $ 2,919,060  $ 117,313  $ (59,670) $ (940,498) $ 16,888  $ 2,682,412 
Net income 127,789  2,674  130,463 
Other comprehensive income (loss) (95,797) (95,797)
Distributions to non-controlling interest (1,692) (1,692)
Purchases of treasury stock (318) (318)
Issuance under stock purchase and equity
    compensation plans		 (1,599) 1,599  — 
Stock-based compensation 3,904  3,904 
Cash dividends paid on common stock
     ($0.270 per share)
 (33,744) (33,744)
Balance June 30, 2023
 $ 629,319  $ 2,921,365  $ 211,358  $ (58,389) $ (1,036,295) $ 17,870  $ 2,685,228 
Balance March 31, 2022
 $ 610,804  $ 2,678,025  $ 178,504  $ (72,293) $ (434,400) $ 12,762  $ 2,973,402 
Net Income 115,794  4,359  120,153 
Other comprehensive income (loss) (332,494) (332,494)
Distributions to non-controlling interest (654) (654)
Purchases of treasury stock (57,350) (57,350)
Issuance under stock purchase and equity
     compensation plans		 (55) 55  — 
Stock-based compensation 4,191  4,191 
Cash dividends paid on common stock
     ($.252 per share)
 (31,935) (31,935)
Balance June 30, 2022
 $ 610,804  $ 2,682,161  $ 262,363  $ (129,588) $ (766,894) $ 16,467  $ 2,675,313 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Commerce Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Commerce Bancshares, Inc. Shareholders
 
 

(In thousands, except per share data)
 Common Stock Capital Surplus Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Non-Controlling Interest Total
(Unaudited)
Balance December 31, 2022
 $ 629,319  $ 2,932,959  $ 31,620  $ (41,743) $ (1,086,864) $ 16,286  $ 2,481,577 
Net income 247,241  3,775  251,016 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 50,569  50,569 
Distributions to non-controlling interest (2,145) (2,145)
Purchases of treasury stock (36,563) (36,563)
Sale of non-controlling interest of subsidiary 46  (46) — 
Issuance under stock purchase and equity compensation plans (19,917) 19,917  — 
Stock-based compensation 8,277  8,277 
Cash dividends paid on common stock ($.540 per share)
 (67,503) (67,503)
Balance June 30, 2023
 $ 629,319  $ 2,921,365  $ 211,358  $ (58,389) $ (1,036,295) $ 17,870  $ 2,685,228 
Balance December 31, 2021
 $ 610,804  $ 2,689,894  $ 92,493  $ (32,973) $ 77,080  $ 11,026  $ 3,448,324 
Net income 233,948  6,231  240,179 
Other comprehensive income (loss) (843,974) (843,974)
Distributions to non-controlling interest (790) (790)
Purchases of treasury stock (113,205) (113,205)
Issuance under stock purchase and equity compensation plans (16,142) 16,590  448 
Stock-based compensation 8,409  8,409 
Cash dividends paid on common stock ($.505 per share)
 (64,078) (64,078)
Balance June 30, 2022
 $ 610,804  $ 2,682,161  $ 262,363  $ (129,588) $ (766,894) $ 16,467  $ 2,675,313 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



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Commerce Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Six Months Ended June 30
(In thousands) 2023 2022
(Unaudited)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income $ 251,016  $ 240,179 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
  Provision for credit losses 17,927  (2,696)
  Provision for depreciation and amortization 24,164  23,638 
  Amortization of investment security premiums, net 9,482  5,946 
  Investment securities (gains) losses, net (A) (3,086) (8,192)
  Net (gains) losses on sales of loans held for sale (422) (1,944)
  Originations of loans held for sale (25,729) (93,439)
  Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale 24,210  96,282 
  Net (increase) decrease in trading debt securities, excluding unsettled transactions 17,915  870 
  Purchase of interest rate floor (25,900) — 
  Stock-based compensation 8,277  8,409 
  (Increase) decrease in interest receivable (667) (11,739)
  Increase (decrease) in interest payable 31,819  247 
  Increase (decrease) in income taxes payable (74) (1,855)
  Other changes, net (108,044) 30,464 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 220,888  286,170 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Cash paid in acquisition, net of cash received (6,197) — 
Distributions received from equity-method investment 1,434  400 
Proceeds from sales of investment securities (A) 1,130,536  3,712 
Proceeds from maturities/pay downs of investment securities (A) 922,759  1,462,151 
Purchases of investment securities (A) (190,253) (1,894,221)
Net (increase) decrease in loans (666,743) (518,899)
Securities purchased under agreements to resell —  (200,000)
Repayments of securities purchased under agreements to resell —  375,000 
Purchases of premises and equipment (51,904) (28,985)
Sales of premises and equipment 1,215  1,401 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 1,140,847  (799,441)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net increase (decrease) in non-interest bearing, savings, interest checking and money market deposits (2,506,872) (1,302,692)
Net increase (decrease) in certificates of deposit 2,257,518  (437,030)
Net increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 36,287  (788,671)
FHLB short-term borrowings 2,250,000  — 
Repayments of FHLB borrowings (1,250,000) — 
Net increase (decrease) in other borrowings (4,059) (6,535)
Purchases of treasury stock (36,563) (113,205)
Issuance of stock under equity compensation plans —  448 
Cash dividends paid on common stock (67,503) (64,078)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 678,808  (2,711,763)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 2,040,543  (3,225,034)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year 897,801  4,296,954 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at June 30
 $ 2,938,344  $ 1,071,920 
Income tax payments, net $ 64,925  $ 62,588 
Interest paid on deposits and borrowings $ 124,540  $ 8,518 
Loans transferred to foreclosed real estate $ 72  $ 25 
(A) Available for sale debt securities, equity securities, and other securities.
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Restricted cash is comprised of cash collateral posted by the Company to secure interest rate swap agreements. This balance is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and totaled $200 thousand at June 30, 2023 and $5.4 million at June 30, 2022.
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Commerce Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 (Unaudited)
1. Principles of Consolidation and Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Commerce Bancshares, Inc. and all majority-owned subsidiaries (the Company). Most of the Company's operations are conducted by its subsidiary bank, Commerce Bank (the Bank). The consolidated financial statements in this report have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, but in the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods have been made. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications were made to 2022 data to conform to current year presentation. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheets and revenues and expenses for the periods. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Management has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition or disclosure. The results of operations for the six month period ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of results to be attained for the full year or any other interim period.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, containing the latest audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures on January 1, 2023, using the prospective transition method. This ASU eliminates the troubled debt restructuring recognition and measurement guidance and requires an entity to present gross write-offs by year of origination. The amendments also enhance disclosure requirements related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. With the exception of enhanced disclosures, there was no material impact to the consolidated financial statements from adoption of this ASU. As of the Company's adoption date, all restructurings are evaluated to determine whether they are modifications to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Loans that were accounted for under the troubled debt restructuring method as of December 31, 2022 will continue to be accounted for under that method until they are paid off or modified.

The following significant accounting policies have been updated since the Company's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect the adoption of ASU 2022-02.

Troubled Debt Restructurings
Prior to the Company's adoption of ASU 2022-02, a loan was accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring if the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties, granted a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. A troubled debt restructuring typically involves (1) modification of terms such as a reduction of the stated interest rate, loan principal, or accrued interest, (2) a loan renewal at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or (3) debt that was not reaffirmed in bankruptcy. Business, business real estate, construction and land real estate and personal real estate troubled debt restructurings with impairment charges are placed on non-accrual status. The Company measures the impairment loss of a troubled debt restructuring at the time of modification based on the present value of expected future cash flows. Subsequent to modification, troubled debt restructurings are subject to the Company’s allowance for credit loss model, which is discussed below and in Note 2, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses. Troubled debt restructurings that are performing under their contractual terms continue to accrue interest, which is recognized in current earnings. Loans that were accounted as troubled debt restructurings at of December 31, 2022 will continue to be accounted for under that method until they are either paid off or modified.

Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The Company may renegotiate the terms of existing loans for a variety of reasons. When refinancing or restructuring a loan, the Company evaluates whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. In making this determination, the Company considers whether the borrower is currently in default on any of its debt. In addition, the Company evaluates whether it is probable that the borrower would be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification and if the borrower (without the current modification) could obtain equivalent financing from another creditor at a market rate for similar debt. Modifications of loans to borrowers in these situations may indicate that the borrower is facing financial difficulty.
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Modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that are in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, or a term extension (or a combination thereof) require disclosure. The Company's disclosures are included in Note 2, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses.

2. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
Major classifications within the Company’s held for investment loan portfolio at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

(In thousands)
 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Commercial:
Business $ 5,906,493  $ 5,661,725 
Real estate – construction and land 1,451,783  1,361,095 
Real estate – business 3,621,222  3,406,981 
Personal Banking:
Real estate – personal 2,980,599  2,918,078 
Consumer 2,110,605  2,059,088 
Revolving home equity 303,845  297,207 
Consumer credit card 574,755  584,000 
Overdrafts 7,237  14,957 
Total loans $ 16,956,539  $ 16,303,131 

Accrued interest receivable totaled $63.9 million and $55.5 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was included within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company wrote-off accrued interest by reversing interest income of $43 thousand and $1.1 million in the Commercial and Personal Banking portfolios, respectively. Similarly, for the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company wrote-off accrued interest of $77 thousand and $2.2 million in the Commercial and Personal Banking portfolios, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company reversed interest income of $26 thousand and $762 thousand in the Commercial and Personal Banking portfolios, respectively, and in the six months ended June 30, 2022, reversed $55 thousand and $1.7 million in the Commercial and Personal Banking portfolios.

At June 30, 2023, loans of $3.3 billion were pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank as collateral for borrowings and letters of credit obtained to secure public deposits. Additional loans of $3.1 billion were pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank as collateral for discount window borrowings.

Allowance for credit losses
The allowance for credit losses is measured using an average historical loss model which incorporates relevant information about past events (including historical credit loss experience on loans with similar risk characteristics), current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the remaining cash flows over the contractual term of the loans. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis. Loans are aggregated into pools based on similar risk characteristics including borrower type, collateral type and expected credit loss patterns. Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics, primarily large loans on non-accrual status, are evaluated on an individual basis.

For loans evaluated for credit losses on a collective basis, average historical loss rates are calculated for each pool using the Company’s historical net charge-offs (combined charge-offs and recoveries by observable historical reporting period) and outstanding loan balances during a lookback period. Lookback periods can be different based on the individual pool and represent management’s credit expectations for the pool of loans over the remaining contractual life. In certain loan pools, if the Company’s own historical loss rate is not reflective of the loss expectations, the historical loss rate is augmented by industry and peer data. The calculated average net charge-off rate is then adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. These adjustments increase or decrease the average historical loss rate to reflect expectations of future losses given a single path economic forecast of key macroeconomic variables including GDP, disposable income, various interest rates, unemployment rate, consumer price index (CPI) inflation rate, housing price index (HPI), commercial real estate price index (CREPI) and market volatility. The adjustments are based on results from various regression models projecting the impact of the macroeconomic variables to loss rates. The forecast is used for a reasonable and supportable period before reverting back to historical averages using a straight-line method. The forecast adjusted loss rate is applied to the amortized cost of loans over the remaining contractual lives, adjusted for expected prepayments. The contractual term excludes expected extensions (except for contractual extensions at the option of the customer), renewals and modifications unless there is a reasonable expectation that a troubled debt restructuring will be executed.
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Credit cards and certain similar consumer lines of credit do not have stated maturities and therefore, for these loan classes, remaining contractual lives are determined by estimating future cash flows expected to be received from customers until payments have been fully allocated to outstanding balances. Additionally, the allowance for credit losses considers other qualitative factors not included in historical loss rates or macroeconomic forecast such as changes in portfolio composition, underwriting practices, or significant unique events or conditions.

Key assumptions in the Company’s allowance for credit loss model include the economic forecast, the reasonable and supportable period, forecasted macro-economic variables, prepayment assumptions and qualitative factors applied for portfolio composition changes, underwriting practices, or significant unique events or conditions. The assumptions utilized in estimating the Company’s allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 are discussed below.

Key Assumption June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023
Overall economic forecast
•Mild recession in the second half of 2023
•Assume the Federal Reserve will pause increasing interest rates through year end
•Mild recession is expected to weaken employment
•Mild recession to start 3rd quarter of 2023
•Assume the Federal Reserve will continue raising interest rates
•Mild recession is expected to weaken employment
Reasonable and supportable period and related reversion period
•Reasonable and supportable period of one year
•Reversion to historical average loss within two quarters using straight-line method
•Reasonable and supportable period of one year
•Reversion to historical average loss within two quarters using straight-line method
Forecasted macro-economic variables
•Unemployment rate ranges from 3.9% to 5.3% during the supportable forecast period
•Real GDP growth ranges from (.27)% to 1.2%
•BBB corporate yield from 4.9% to 5.5%
•Housing Price Index from 282.1 to 284.5
•Unemployment rate ranges from 3.7% to 5.3% during the supportable forecast period
•Real GDP growth ranges from (.48)% to 2.0%
•BBB corporate yield from 5.3% to 5.8%
•Housing Price Index from 280.2 to 282.0
Prepayment assumptions
Commercial loans
•5% for most loan pools
Personal banking loans
•Ranging from 7.93% to 22.9% for most loan pools
•Consumer credit cards 67.6%
Commercial loans
•5% for most loan pools
Personal banking loans
•Ranging from 6.45% to 22.4% for most loan pools
•Consumer credit cards 67.5%
Qualitative factors
Added qualitative factors related to:
•Changes in the composition of the loan portfolios
•Certain stressed industries within the portfolio
•Certain portfolios sensitive to unusually high rate of inflation and supply chain issues
•Loans downgraded to special mention, substandard, or non-accrual status
Added qualitative factors related to:
•Changes in the composition of the loan portfolios
•Certain portfolios sensitive to pandemic economic uncertainties
•Certain portfolios sensitive to unusually high rate of inflation and supply chain issues
•Loans downgraded to special mention, substandard, or non-accrual status

The liability for unfunded lending commitments utilizes the same model as the allowance for credit losses on loans, however, the liability for unfunded lending commitments incorporates an assumption for the portion of unfunded commitments that are expected to be funded.

Sensitivity in the Allowance for Credit Loss model
The allowance for credit losses is an estimate that requires significant judgment including projections of the macro-economic environment. The forecasted macro-economic environment continuously changes which can cause fluctuations in estimated expected credit losses.

The current forecast projects a mild recession in the second half of 2023 as the economy continues to face high inflation, higher interest rates and a weaker job market. The impacts of the market's response to unusual events or trends including high inflation, supply chain stresses, trends in health conditions and changes in the geopolitical environment could significantly modify economic projections used in the estimation of the allowance for credit losses.

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A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans and the liability for unfunded lending commitments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, follows:

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands) Commercial Personal Banking

Total
 Commercial Personal Banking

Total
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS
Balance at beginning of period $ 108,615  $ 50,702  $ 159,317  $ 103,293  $ 46,843  $ 150,136 
Provision for credit losses on loans (546) 6,410  5,864  5,002  16,810  21,812 
Deductions:
   Loans charged off 307  8,531  8,838  599  17,287  17,886 
   Less recoveries on loans 262  2,080  2,342  328  4,295  4,623 
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 45  6,451  6,496  271  12,992  13,263 
Balance June 30, 2023 $ 108,024  $ 50,661  $ 158,685  $ 108,024  $ 50,661  $ 158,685 
LIABILITY FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS
Balance at beginning of period $ 27,105  $ 1,523  $ 28,628  $ 31,743  $ 1,377  $ 33,120 
Provision for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments 737  (130) 607  (3,901) 16  (3,885)
Balance June 30, 2023 $ 27,842  $ 1,393  $ 29,235  $ 27,842  $ 1,393  $ 29,235 
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LIABILITY FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS $ 135,866  $ 52,054  $ 187,920  $ 135,866  $ 52,054  $ 187,920 

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
(In thousands) Commercial Personal Banking

Total
 Commercial Personal Banking

Total
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS
Balance at beginning of period $ 94,827  $ 39,883  $ 134,710  $ 97,776  $ 52,268  $ 150,044 
Provision for credit losses on loans 4,716  2,571  7,287  1,837  (5,236) (3,399)
Deductions:
   Loans charged off 207  6,533  6,740  384  13,818  14,202 
   Less recoveries on loans 189  2,593  2,782  296  5,300  5,596 
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 18  3,940  3,958  88  8,518  8,606 
Balance June 30, 2022 $ 99,525  $ 38,514  $ 138,039  $ 99,525  $ 38,514  $ 138,039 
LIABILITY FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS
Balance at beginning of period $ 23,780  $ 1,252  $ 25,032  $ 23,271  $ 933  $ 24,204 
Provision for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments (163) 38  (125) 346  357  703 
Balance June 30, 2022 $ 23,617  $ 1,290  $ 24,907  $ 23,617  $ 1,290  $ 24,907 
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LIABILITY FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS $ 123,142  $ 39,804  $ 162,946  $ 123,142  $ 39,804  $ 162,946 
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Delinquent and non-accrual loans
The Company considers loans past due on the day following the contractual repayment date, if the contractual repayment was not received by the Company as of the end of the business day. The following table provides aging information on the Company’s past due and accruing loans, in addition to the balances of loans on non-accrual status, at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.




(In thousands)
 Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due

30 – 89
Days Past Due
 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing Non-accrual



Total
June 30, 2023
Commercial:
Business $ 5,896,412  $ 4,847  $ 502  $ 4,732  $ 5,906,493 
Real estate – construction and land 1,451,314  469  —  —  1,451,783 
Real estate – business 3,619,936  1,133  —  153  3,621,222 
Personal Banking:
Real estate – personal 2,962,174  10,921  6,228  1,276  2,980,599 
Consumer 2,087,542  21,199  1,864  —  2,110,605 
Revolving home equity 300,329  2,676  840  —  303,845 
Consumer credit card 562,657  6,181  5,917  —  574,755 
Overdrafts 6,932  305  —  —  7,237 
Total $ 16,887,296  $ 47,731  $ 15,351  $ 6,161  $ 16,956,539 
December 31, 2022
Commercial:
Business $ 5,652,710  $ 1,759  $ 505  $ 6,751  $ 5,661,725 
Real estate – construction and land 1,361,095  —  —  —  1,361,095 
Real estate – business 3,406,207  585  —  189  3,406,981 
Personal Banking:
Real estate – personal 2,895,742  14,289  6,681  1,366  2,918,078 
Consumer 2,031,827  25,089  2,172  —  2,059,088 
Revolving home equity 295,303  1,201  703  —  297,207 
Consumer credit card 572,213  6,238  5,549  —  584,000 
Overdrafts 14,090  647  220  —  14,957 
Total $ 16,229,187  $ 49,808  $ 15,830  $ 8,306  $ 16,303,131 

At June 30, 2023, the Company had $2.9 million in non-accrual business loans that had no allowance for credit loss, compared to $3.8 million in non-accrual business loans that had no allowance for credit loss at December 31, 2022. The Company did not record any interest income on non-accrual loans during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Credit quality indicators
The following table provides information about the credit quality of the Commercial loan portfolio. The Company utilizes an internal risk rating system comprised of a series of grades to categorize loans according to perceived risk associated with the expectation of debt repayment based on borrower specific information including, but not limited to, current financial information, historical payment experience, industry information, collateral levels and collateral types. The “pass” category consists of a range of loan grades that reflect increasing, though still acceptable, risk. A loan is assigned the risk rating at origination and then monitored throughout the contractual term for possible risk rating changes. Movement of risk through the various grade levels in the “pass” category is monitored for early identification of credit deterioration. The “special mention” rating is applied to loans where the borrower exhibits negative financial trends due to borrower specific or systemic conditions that, if left uncorrected, threaten its capacity to meet its debt obligations. The borrower is believed to have sufficient financial flexibility to react to and resolve its negative financial situation. It is a transitional grade that is closely monitored for improvement or deterioration. The “substandard” rating is applied to loans where the borrower exhibits well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize its continued performance and are of a severity that the distinct possibility of default exists. Loans are placed on “non-accrual” when management does not expect to collect payments consistent with acceptable and agreed upon terms of repayment.

All loans are analyzed for risk rating updates annually. For larger loans, rating assessments may be more frequent if relevant information is obtained earlier through debt covenant monitoring or overall relationship management. Smaller loans are monitored as identified by the loan officer based on the risk profile of the individual borrower or if the loan becomes past due related to credit issues.
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Loans rated Special Mention, Substandard or Non-accrual are subject to quarterly review and monitoring processes. In addition to the regular monitoring performed by the lending personnel and credit committees, loans are subject to review by a credit review department which verifies the appropriateness of the risk ratings for the loans chosen as part of its risk-based review plan.

The risk category of loans in the Commercial portfolio as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total
June 30, 2023
Business
    Risk Rating:
       Pass $ 1,136,860  $ 1,058,237  $ 631,119  $ 325,640  $ 303,589  $ 315,781  $ 2,001,024  $ 5,772,250 
       Special mention 22,690  4,981  21,536  7,692  456  4,067  5,994  67,416 
       Substandard 71  11,828  9,759  15,748  484  10,320  13,885  62,095 
       Non-accrual —  58  1,705  33  —  2,936  —  4,732 
   Total Business: $ 1,159,621  $ 1,075,104  $ 664,119  $ 349,113  $ 304,529  $ 333,104  $ 2,020,903  $ 5,906,493 
Gross write-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023
 $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 41  $ —  $ —  $ 558  $ 599 
Real estate-construction
    Risk Rating:
       Pass $ 221,343  $ 590,385  $ 497,885  $ 66,877  $ 27,103  $ 3,102  $ 33,532  $ 1,440,227 
       Special mention 7,221  269  —  —  —  —  —  7,490 
       Substandard —  4,066  —  —  —  —  —  4,066 
    Total Real estate-construction: $ 228,564  $ 594,720  $ 497,885  $ 66,877  $ 27,103  $ 3,102  $ 33,532  $ 1,451,783 
Gross write-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023
 $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Real estate-business
    Risk Rating:
       Pass $ 483,249  $ 1,142,014  $ 527,586  $ 481,254  $ 355,089  $ 365,850  $ 83,463  $ 3,438,505 
       Special mention —  7,157  915  1,128  9,492  1,323  400  20,415 
       Substandard —  14,487  30,845  16,857  11,885  88,054  21  162,149 
       Non-accrual —  14  45  —  —  94  —  153 
   Total Real estate-business: $ 483,249  $ 1,163,672  $ 559,391  $ 499,239  $ 376,466  $ 455,321  $ 83,884  $ 3,621,222 
Gross write-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023
 $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Commercial loans
    Risk Rating:
       Pass $ 1,841,452  $ 2,790,636  $ 1,656,590  $ 873,771  $ 685,781  $ 684,733  $ 2,118,019  $ 10,650,982 
       Special mention 29,911  12,407  22,451  8,820  9,948  5,390  6,394  95,321 
       Substandard 71  30,381  40,604  32,605  12,369  98,374  13,906  228,310 
       Non-accrual —  72  1,750  33  —  3,030  —  4,885 
   Total Commercial loans: $ 1,871,434  $ 2,833,496  $ 1,721,395  $ 915,229  $ 708,098  $ 791,527  $ 2,138,319  $ 10,979,498 
Gross write-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023
 $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 41  $ —  $ —  $ 558  $ 599 

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Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total
December 31, 2022
Business
    Risk Rating:
       Pass $ 1,456,476  $ 782,409  $ 464,201  $ 360,844  $ 180,375  $ 219,053  $ 2,146,380  $ 5,609,738 
       Special mention 3,113  2,548  7,757  1,063  67  —  1,319  15,867 
       Substandard 5,752  10,004  685  37  810  10,342  1,739  29,369 
       Non-accrual 195  1,987  —  1  792  3,776  —  6,751 
   Total Business: $ 1,465,536  $ 796,948  $ 472,643  $ 361,945  $ 182,044  $ 233,171  $ 2,149,438  $ 5,661,725 
Real estate-construction
    Risk Rating:
       Pass $ 538,022  $ 596,465  $ 129,632  $ 27,331  $ 1,305  $ 2,029  $ 18,559  $ 1,313,343 
       Special mention 352  —  —  —  —  —  —  352 
       Substandard —  19,494  —  —  14,766  13,140  —  47,400 
    Total Real estate-construction: $ 538,374  $ 615,959  $ 129,632  $ 27,331  $ 16,071  $ 15,169  $ 18,559  $ 1,361,095 
Real estate- business
    Risk Rating:
       Pass $ 1,085,379  $ 616,516  $ 555,648  $ 424,641  $ 163,628  $ 271,579  $ 90,799  $ 3,208,190 
       Special mention 4,608  —  618  9,737  976  279  —  16,218 
       Substandard 2,795  30,944  61,141  10,490  30,782  46,232  —  182,384 
       Non-accrual 14  45  —  —  124  6  —  189 
   Total Real-estate business: $ 1,092,796  $ 647,505  $ 617,407  $ 444,868  $ 195,510  $ 318,096  $ 90,799  $ 3,406,981 
Commercial loans
    Risk Rating:
       Pass $ 3,079,877  $ 1,995,390  $ 1,149,481  $ 812,816  $ 345,308  $ 492,661  $ 2,255,738  $ 10,131,271 
       Special mention 8,073  2,548  8,375  10,800  1,043  279  1,319  32,437 
       Substandard 8,547  60,442  61,826  10,527  46,358  69,714  1,739  259,153 
       Non-accrual 209  2,032  —  1  916  3,782  —  6,940 
   Total Commercial loans: $ 3,096,706  $ 2,060,412  $ 1,219,682  $ 834,144  $ 393,625  $ 566,436  $ 2,258,796  $ 10,429,801 


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The credit quality of Personal Banking loans is monitored primarily on the basis of aging/delinquency, and this information is provided as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 below.

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total
June 30, 2023
Real estate-personal
       Current to 90 days past due $ 256,814  $ 479,786  $ 558,080  $ 746,091  $ 277,351  $ 644,588  $ 10,385  $ 2,973,095 
       Over 90 days past due —  722  1,275  1,346  —  2,885  —  6,228 
       Non-accrual —  49  —  —  167  1,060  —  1,276 
   Total Real estate-personal: $ 256,814  $ 480,557  $ 559,355  $ 747,437  $ 277,518  $ 648,533  $ 10,385  $ 2,980,599 
Gross write-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023
 $ —  $ 18  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 18  $ —  $ 36 
Consumer
       Current to 90 days past due $ 317,512  $ 392,842  $ 307,047  $ 162,859  $ 77,928  $ 69,972  $ 780,581  $ 2,108,741 
       Over 90 days past due 116  323  140  112  50  446  677  1,864 
    Total Consumer: $ 317,628  $ 393,165  $ 307,187  $ 162,971  $ 77,978  $ 70,418  $ 781,258  $ 2,110,605 
Gross write-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023
 $ 61  $ 1,265  $ 996  $ 492  $ 173  $ 238  $ 505  $ 3,730 
Revolving home equity
       Current to 90 days past due $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 303,005  $ 303,005 
       Over 90 days past due —  —  —  —  —  —  840  840 
   Total Revolving home equity: $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 303,845  $ 303,845 
Gross write-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023
 $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Consumer credit card
       Current to 90 days past due $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 568,838  $ 568,838 
       Over 90 days past due —  —  —  —  —  —  5,917  5,917 
   Total Consumer credit card: $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 574,755  $ 574,755 
Gross write-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023
 $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 11,637  $ 11,637 
Overdrafts
       Current to 90 days past due $ 7,237  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 7,237 
    Total Overdrafts: $ 7,237  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 7,237 
Gross write-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023
 $ 1,884  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,884 
Personal banking loans
       Current to 90 days past due $ 581,563  $ 872,628  $ 865,127  $ 908,950  $ 355,279  $ 714,560  $ 1,662,809  $ 5,960,916 
       Over 90 days past due 116  1,045  1,415  1,458  50  3,331  7,434  14,849 
       Non-accrual —  49  —  —  167  1,060  —  1,276 
   Total Personal banking loans: $ 581,679  $ 873,722  $ 866,542  $ 910,408  $ 355,496  $ 718,951  $ 1,670,243  $ 5,977,041 
Gross write-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023
 $ 1,945  $ 1,283  $ 996  $ 492  $ 173  $ 256  $ 12,142  $ 17,287 
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Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total
December 31, 2022
Real estate-personal
       Current to 90 days past due $ 535,283  $ 589,658  $ 783,651  $ 290,580  $ 132,305  $ 568,380  $ 10,174  $ 2,910,031 
       Over 90 days past due 514  967  1,338  81  1,388  2,393  —  6,681 
       Non-accrual —  —  52  169  102  1,043  —  1,366 
   Total Real estate-personal: $ 535,797  $ 590,625  $ 785,041  $ 290,830  $ 133,795  $ 571,816  $ 10,174  $ 2,918,078 
Consumer
       Current to 90 days past due $ 536,429  $ 378,118  $ 205,849  $ 106,733  $ 36,096  $ 62,255  $ 731,436  $ 2,056,916 
       Over 90 days past due 326  251  203  58  267  228  839  2,172 
    Total Consumer: $ 536,755  $ 378,369  $ 206,052  $ 106,791  $ 36,363  $ 62,483  $ 732,275  $ 2,059,088 
Revolving home equity
       Current to 90 days past due $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 296,504  $ 296,504 
       Over 90 days past due —  —  —  —  —  —  703  703 
   Total Revolving home equity: $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 297,207  $ 297,207 
Consumer credit card
       Current to 90 days past due $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 578,451  $ 578,451 
       Over 90 days past due —  —  —  —  —  —  5,549  5,549 
   Total Consumer credit card: $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 584,000  $ 584,000 
Overdrafts
       Current to 90 days past due $ 14,737  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 14,737 
       Over 90 days past due 220  —  —  —  —  —  —  220 
    Total Overdrafts: $ 14,957  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 14,957 
Personal banking loans
       Current to 90 days past due $ 1,086,449  $ 967,776  $ 989,500  $ 397,313  $ 168,401  $ 630,635  $ 1,616,565  $ 5,856,639 
       Over 90 days past due 1,060  1,218  1,541  139  1,655  2,621  7,091  15,325 
       Non-accrual —  —  52  169  102  1,043  —  1,366 
   Total Personal banking loans: $ 1,087,509  $ 968,994  $ 991,093  $ 397,621  $ 170,158  $ 634,299  $ 1,623,656  $ 5,873,330 

Collateral-dependent loans
The Company's collateral-dependent loans are comprised of large loans on non-accrual status. The Company requires that collateral-dependent loans are either over-collateralized or carry collateral equal to the amortized cost of the loan. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(In thousands) Business Assets Oil & Gas Assets Total
June 30, 2023
Commercial:
  Business $ 1,598  $ 1,508  $ 3,106 
Total $ 1,598  $ 1,508  $ 3,106 
December 31, 2022
Commercial:
Business $ 2,778  $ 1,824  $ 4,602 
Total $ 2,778  $ 1,824  $ 4,602 

Other Personal Banking loan information
As noted above, the credit quality of Personal Banking loans is monitored primarily on the basis of aging/delinquency, and this information is provided in the table in the above section on "Credit quality indicators." In addition, FICO scores are obtained and updated on a quarterly basis for most of the loans in the Personal Banking portfolio. This is a published credit score designed to measure the risk of default by taking into account various factors from a borrower's financial history and is considered supplementary information utilized by the Company, as management does not consider this information in evaluating the allowance for credit losses on loans. The Bank normally obtains a FICO score at the loan's origination and renewal dates, and updates are obtained on a quarterly basis. Excluded from the table below are certain personal real estate loans for which FICO scores are not obtained because the loans generally pertain to commercial customer activities and are often underwritten with other collateral considerations.
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These loans totaled $173.0 million at June 30, 2023 and $179.2 million at December 31, 2022. The table also excludes consumer loans related to the Company's patient healthcare loan program, which totaled $198.7 million at June 30, 2023 and $197.5 million at December 31, 2022. As the healthcare loans are guaranteed by the hospital, customer FICO scores are not obtained for these loans. The personal real estate loans and consumer loans excluded below totaled less than 7% of the Personal Banking portfolio. For the remainder of loans in the Personal Banking portfolio, the table below shows the percentage of balances outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 by FICO score.

   Personal Banking Loans
% of Loan Category
Real Estate - Personal Consumer Revolving Home Equity Consumer Credit Card
June 30, 2023
FICO score:
Under 600 1.7  % 2.5  % 1.6  % 4.2  %
600 - 659 2.2  3.9  3.0  11.6 
660 - 719 8.1  13.4  9.6  29.3 
720 - 779 22.6  24.3  22.6  27.5 
780 and over 65.4  55.9  63.2  27.4 
Total 100.0  % 100.0  % 100.0  % 100.0  %
December 31, 2022
FICO score:
Under 600 1.4  % 2.2  % 1.5  % 3.4  %
600 - 659 2.2  4.2  2.8  11.4 
660 - 719 8.1  14.5  9.7  30.8 
720 - 779 23.7  26.7  21.4  27.1 
780 and over 64.6  52.4  64.6  27.3 
Total 100.0  % 100.0  % 100.0  % 100.0  %

Modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty
When borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty, the Company may agree to modify the contractual terms of a loan to a borrower in order to assist the borrower in repaying principal and interest owed to the Company.

The Company's modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are generally in the form of term extensions, repayment plans, payment deferrals, forbearance agreements, interest rate reductions, forgiveness of interest and/or fees, or any combination thereof. Commercial loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are primarily loans that are substandard or non-accrual, where the maturity date was extended. Modifications on personal real estate loans are primarily those placed on forbearance plans, repayment plans, or deferral plans where monthly payments are suspended for a period of time or past due amounts are paid off over a certain period of time in the future or set up as a balloon payment at maturity. Modifications to certain credit card and other small consumer loans are often modified under debt counseling programs that can reduce the contractual rate or, in certain instances, forgive certain fees and interest charges. Other consumer loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty consist of various other workout arrangements with consumer customers.


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The following tables present the amortized cost at June 30, 2023 of loans that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023



(Dollars in thousands)
 Term Extension Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction Interest/Fees Forgiven
Other
 Total % of Total Loan Category
June 30, 2023
Commercial:
Business $ 17,097  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 17,097  0.3  %
Real estate – business 33,966  —  —  —  —  33,966  0.9 
Personal Banking:
Real estate – personal 246  1,223  —  —  —  1,469  — 
Consumer 31  18  8  —  —  57  — 
Consumer credit card —  —  731  224  —  955  0.2 
Total $ 51,340  $ 1,241  $ 739  $ 224  $ —  $ 53,544  0.3  %

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023



(Dollars in thousands)
 Term Extension Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction Interest/Fees Forgiven
Other
 Total % of Total Loan Category
June 30, 2023
Commercial:
Business $ 18,193  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 18,193  0.3  %
Real estate – business 49,548  —  —  —  —  49,548  1.4 
Personal Banking:
Real estate – personal 246  2,777  —  —  —  3,023  0.1 
Consumer 31  75  21  —  55  182  — 
Consumer credit card —  —  1,299  487  —  1,786  0.3 
Total $ 68,018  $ 2,852  $ 1,320  $ 487  $ 55  $ 72,732  0.4  %

The estimate of lifetime expected losses utilized in the allowance for credit losses model is developed using average historical experience on loans with similar risk characteristics, which includes losses from modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. As a result, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. For modifications to loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that are placed on non-accrual status, the Company determines the allowance for credit losses on an individual evaluation, using the same process that it utilizes for other loans on non-accrual status. Modifications made to commercial loans which are not on non-accrual status for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are collectively evaluated based on internal risk rating, loan type, delinquency, historical experience, and current economic factors. Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for personal banking loans which are not on non-accrual status are collectively evaluated based on loan type, delinquency, historical experience, and current economic factors.

If a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty is modified and subsequently deemed uncollectible, the allowance for credit losses continues to be based on individual evaluation, if that loan is already on non-accrual status. For those loans, the allowance for credit losses is estimated using discounted expected cash flows or the fair value of collateral. If an accruing loan made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty is modified and subsequently deemed uncollectible, the loan's risk rating is downgraded to non-accrual status and the loan's related allowance for credit losses is determined based on individual evaluation, or if necessary, the loan is charged off and collection efforts begin.

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The following tables summarize the financial impact of loan modifications and payment deferrals during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. The qualitative impact of forbearance and repayment plans is the deferral of payments for 3 months up to 30 years, and therefore, those modifications are excluded from the tables below.

Term Extension
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Commercial:
Business
Added a weighted average of 9 months to the life of loans.
Added a weighted average of 9 months to the life of loans.
Real estate – business
Added a weighted average of 12 months to the life of loans.
Added a weighted average of 14 months to the life of loans.
Personal Banking:
Real estate – personal
Added a weighted average of 7 months to the life of loans.
Added a weighted average of 7 months to the life of loans.
Consumer
Added 10 years to the life of loans.
Added 10 years to the life of loans.


Payment Delay
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Personal Banking:
Real estate – personal
Deferred certain payments by a weighted average of 28 years.
Deferred certain payments by a weighted average of 20 years.
Consumer
Deferred certain payments by a weighted average of 6 months.
Deferred certain payments by a weighted average of 71 months.


Interest Rate Reduction
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Personal Banking:
Consumer Reduced contractual interest from weighted average 21% to 6%. Reduced contractual interest from weighted average 21% to 6%.
Consumer credit card Reduced contractual interest from weighted average 21% to 6%. Reduced contractual interest from weighted average 21% to 6%.


Forgiveness of Interest/Fees
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Personal Banking:
Consumer credit card Approximately $13 thousand of interest and fees forgiven. Approximately $27 thousand of interest and fees forgiven.

The Company had commitments of $6.3 million at June 30, 2023 to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and for whom the Company has modified the terms of loans in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension during the current reporting period.

The following table provides the amortized cost basis of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a payment default during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and were modified on or after January 1, 2023 (the date we adopted ASU 2022-02) through June 30, 2023. For purposes of this disclosure, the Company considers "default" to mean 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal. In addition to the loans below, the Company charged off $78 thousand of consumer credit card loans during the six months ended June 30, 2023 that were modified during the period.


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For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023


(Dollars in thousands)
 Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction Interest/Fees Forgiven Total Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction Interest/Fees Forgiven Total
June 30, 2023
Personal Banking:
Real estate – personal $ 779  $ —  $ —  $ 779  $ 779  $ —  $ —  $ 779 
Consumer —  6  —  6  —  11  —  11 
Consumer credit card —  67  78  145  —  111  78  189 
Total $ 779  $ 73  $ 78  $ 930  $ 779  $ 122  $ 78  $ 979 

The following table presents the amortized cost basis at June 30, 2023 of loans that have been modified on or after January 1, 2023 (the date we adopted ASU 2022-02) through June 30, 2023.



(In thousands)
 Current
30-89 Days Past Due
 90 Days Past Due Total
June 30, 2023
Commercial:
Business $ 18,193  $ —  $ —  $ 18,193 
Real estate – business 49,548  —  —  49,548 
Personal Banking:
Real estate – personal 2,027  217  779  3,023 
Consumer 169  7  6  182 
Consumer credit card 1,205  436  145  1,786 
Total $ 71,142  $ 660  $ 930  $ 72,732 

Troubled debt restructuring disclosures prior to the Company's adoption of ASU 2022-02
Restructured loans are those extended to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty and who have been granted a concession. Restructured loans are placed on non-accrual status if the Company does not believe it probable that amounts due under the contractual terms will be collected. Commercial performing restructured loans are primarily comprised of certain business, construction and business real estate loans classified as substandard but renewed at rates judged to be non-market. These loans are performing in accordance with their modified terms, and because the Company believes it probable that all amounts due under the modified terms of the agreements will be collected, interest on these loans is being recognized on an accrual basis. Troubled debt restructurings also include certain credit card and other small consumer loans under various debt management and assistance programs. Modifications to these loans generally involve removing the available line of credit, placing loans on amortizing status, and lowering the contractual interest rate. Certain personal real estate, revolving home equity, and consumer loans were classified as consumer bankruptcy troubled debt restructurings because they were not reaffirmed by the borrower in bankruptcy proceedings. Interest on these loans is being recognized on an accrual basis, as the borrowers are continuing to make payments. Other consumer loans classified as troubled debt restructurings consist of various other workout arrangements with consumer customers.

(In thousands) December 31, 2022
Accruing restructured loans:
Commercial
 $ 184,388 
Assistance programs
 5,156 
Other consumer
 4,049 
Non-accrual loans
 5,078 
Total troubled debt restructurings
 $ 198,671 
Section 4013 of the CARES Act was signed into law on March 27, 2020, and included a provision that short-term modifications are not troubled debt restructurings, if made on a good-faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to December 31, 2019. The Company elected such option under the CARES Act when determining if a customer’s modification is subject to troubled debt restructuring classification. The initial guidance issued under the CARES Act was due to expire on December 31, 2020. During January 2021, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 was enacted and extended through the end of 2021 the relief offered under the CARES Act related to the accounting and disclosure requirements for troubled debt restructurings as a result of COVID-19. The Company elected to extend its application of this guidance through December 31, 2021.
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During the period covered by the CARES Act, if it was deemed that the loan modification was not short-term, not COVID-19 related or the customer does not meet the criteria under the guidance to be scoped out of troubled debt restructuring classification, the Company evaluated the loan modifications under its existing framework and accounted for the modification as a troubled debt restructuring.

The table below shows the balance of troubled debt restructurings by loan classification at December 31, 2022, in addition to the outstanding balances of these restructured loans which the Company considers to have been in default at any time during the past twelve months. For purposes of this disclosure, the Company considers "default" to mean 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal.

(In thousands) December 31, 2022 Balance at December 31, 2022 that was 90 days past due at any time during previous 12 months
Commercial:
Business $ 12,311  $ — 
Real estate - construction and land 57,547  — 
Real estate - business 118,654  — 
Personal Banking:
Real estate - personal 2,809  419 
Consumer 2,250  268 
Revolving home equity 17  — 
Consumer credit card 5,083  452 
Total troubled debt restructurings $ 198,671  $ 1,139 

For those loans on non-accrual status also classified as restructured, the modification did not create any further financial effect on the Company as those loans were already recorded at net realizable value. For those performing commercial loans classified as restructured, there were no concessions involving forgiveness of principal or interest and, therefore, there was no financial impact to the Company as a result of modification to these loans. However, the effects of modifications to loans under various debt management and assistance programs at December 31, 2022 were estimated to decrease interest income by approximately $661 thousand on an annual, pre-tax basis, compared to amounts contractually owed. Other modifications to consumer loans mainly involve extensions and other small modifications that did not include the forgiveness of principal or interest.

The allowance for credit losses related to troubled debt restructurings on non-accrual status is determined by individual evaluation, including collateral adequacy, using the same process as loans on non-accrual status which are not classified as troubled debt restructurings. Those performing loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are accruing loans which management expects to collect under contractual terms. Performing commercial loans having no other concessions granted other than being renewed at non-market interest rates are judged to have similar risk characteristics as non-troubled debt commercial loans and are collectively evaluated based on internal risk rating, loan type, delinquency, historical experience and current economic factors. Performing personal banking loans classified as troubled debt restructurings resulted from the borrower not reaffirming the debt during bankruptcy and have had no other concession granted, other than the Bank's future limitations on collecting payment deficiencies or in pursuing foreclosure actions. As such, they have similar risk characteristics as non-troubled debt personal banking loans and are evaluated collectively based on loan type, delinquency, historical experience and current economic factors.

If a troubled debt restructuring defaults and is already on non-accrual status, the allowance for credit losses continues to be based on individual evaluation, using discounted expected cash flows or the fair value of collateral. If an accruing troubled debt restructuring defaults, the loan's risk rating is downgraded to non-accrual status and the loan's related allowance for credit losses is determined based on individual evaluation, or if necessary, the loan is charged off and collection efforts begin.

The Company had commitments of $12.6 million at December 31, 2022 to lend additional funds to borrowers with restructured loans.

Loans held for sale
The Company designates certain long-term fixed rate personal real estate loans as held for sale, and the Company has elected the fair value option for these loans. The election of the fair value option aligns the accounting for these loans with the related economic hedges discussed in Note 11. The loans are primarily sold to Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) and Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA). At June 30, 2023, the fair value of these loans was $1.6 million, and the unpaid principal balance was $1.6 million.
22
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The Company also designates certain student loan originations as held for sale. The borrowers are credit-worthy students who are attending colleges and universities. The loans are intended to be sold in the secondary market, and the Company maintains contracts with Sallie Mae to sell the loans within 210 days after the last disbursement to the student. These loans are carried at lower of cost or fair value, which at June 30, 2023 totaled $4.9 million.

At June 30, 2023, none of the loans held for sale were on non-accrual status or 90 days past due and still accruing interest.
Foreclosed real estate/repossessed assets
The Company’s holdings of foreclosed real estate totaled $94 thousand and $96 thousand at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and included in those amounts were $94 thousand and $96 thousand at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, of foreclosed residential real estate properties held as a result of obtaining physical possession. Personal property acquired in repossession, generally autos, totaled $1.9 million and $1.6 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Upon acquisition, these assets are recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. They are subsequently carried at the lower of this cost basis or fair value less estimated selling costs.

3. Investment Securities
Investment securities consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(In thousands) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Available for sale debt securities $ 10,414,625  $ 12,238,316 
Trading debt securities 29,412  43,523 
Equity securities:
Readily determinable fair value 5,520  6,210 
No readily determinable fair value 6,746  6,094 
Other:
Federal Reserve Bank stock 34,985  34,795 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 50,328  10,678 
Equity method investments —  1,434 
Private equity investments 172,732  178,127 
Total investment securities (1)
 $ 10,714,348  $ 12,519,177 
(1)Accrued interest receivable totaled $29.8 million and $38.8 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was included within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company has elected to measure equity securities with no readily determinable fair value at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. This portfolio includes the Company's holdings of Visa Class B shares, which have a carrying value of zero, as there have not been observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not record any impairment or other adjustments to the carrying amount of its portfolio of equity securities with no readily determinable fair value.

Other investment securities include Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) stock, Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock, equity method investments, and investments in portfolio concerns held by the Company's private equity subsidiary. FRB stock and FHLB stock are held for debt and regulatory purposes. Investment in FRB stock is based on the capital structure of the investing bank, and investment in FHLB stock is tied to the asset size of the borrowing bank and the level of borrowings from the FHLB. These holdings are carried at cost. Additionally, the Company's equity method investments are carried at cost, adjusted to reflect the Company's portion of income, loss, or dividends of the investee. These adjustments are included in non-interest income on the Company's consolidated statements of income. The Company's private equity investments are carried at estimated fair value.

The majority of the Company’s investment portfolio is comprised of available for sale debt securities, which are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). A summary of the available for sale debt securities by maturity groupings as of June 30, 2023 is shown below. The investment portfolio includes agency mortgage-backed securities, which are guaranteed by agencies such as FHLMC, FNMA, and Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), in addition to non-agency mortgage-backed securities, which have no guarantee but are collateralized by commercial and residential mortgages. Also included are certain other asset-backed securities, which are primarily collateralized by credit cards, automobiles, student loans, and commercial loans.
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These securities differ from traditional debt securities primarily in that they may have uncertain maturity dates and are priced based on estimated prepayment rates on the underlying collateral.
(In thousands) Amortized
Cost		 Fair
Value
U.S. government and federal agency obligations:
Within 1 year $ 464,203  $ 455,044 
After 1 but within 5 years 344,689  327,450 
After 5 but within 10 years 176,092  163,321 
Total U.S. government and federal agency obligations 984,984  945,815 
Government-sponsored enterprise obligations:
After 5 but within 10 years 4,955  4,418 
After 10 years 50,726  39,618 
Total government-sponsored enterprise obligations 55,681  44,036 
State and municipal obligations:
Within 1 year 77,600  76,353 
After 1 but within 5 years 346,058  318,691 
After 5 but within 10 years 826,895  704,751 
After 10 years 151,057  127,942 
Total state and municipal obligations 1,401,610  1,227,737 
Mortgage and asset-backed securities:
  Agency mortgage-backed securities 4,849,215  4,065,406 
  Non-agency mortgage-backed securities 1,378,516  1,174,790 
  Asset-backed securities 2,646,850  2,499,675 
Total mortgage and asset-backed securities 8,874,581  7,739,871 
Other debt securities:
Within 1 year 35,141  34,128 
After 1 but within 5 years 221,479  204,297 
After 5 but within 10 years 244,000  205,179 
After 10 years 16,260  13,562 
Total other debt securities 516,880  457,166 
Total available for sale debt securities $ 11,833,736  $ 10,414,625 

Investments in U.S. government and federal agency obligations include U.S. Treasury inflation-protected securities, which totaled $395.4 million, at fair value, at June 30, 2023. Interest earned on these securities increases with inflation and decreases with deflation, as measured by the non-seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index (CPI-U). At maturity, the principal paid is the greater of an inflation-adjusted principal or the original principal.

Allowance for credit losses on available for sale debt securities
Securities for which fair value is less than amortized cost are reviewed for impairment. Special emphasis is placed on securities whose credit rating has fallen below Baa3 (Moody's) or BBB- (Standard & Poor's), whose fair values have fallen more than 20% below purchase price, or which have been identified based on management’s judgment. These securities are placed on a watch list and cash flow analyses are prepared on an individual security basis. Certain securities are analyzed using a projected cash flow model, discounted to present value, and compared to the current amortized cost bases of the securities. The model uses input factors such as cash flow projections, contractual payments required, expected delinquency rates, credit support from other tranches, prepayment speeds, collateral loss severity rates (including loan to values), and various other information related to the underlying collateral. Securities not analyzed using the cash flow model are analyzed by reviewing risk ratings, credit support agreements, and industry knowledge to project future cash flows and any possible credit impairment.

At June 30, 2023, the fair value of securities on this watch list was $1.6 billion compared to $1.3 billion at December 31, 2022. The majority of the securities included on the Company's watch list in the current quarter were experiencing unrealized loss positions due to the significant increase in interest rates and were analyzed outside of the cash flow model. At June 30, 2023, the securities on the Company's watch list that were not deemed to be solely related to increasing interest rates were securities backed by government-guaranteed student loans and are expected to perform as contractually required. As of June 30, 2023, the Company did not identify any securities for which a credit loss exists, and for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not recognize a credit loss expense on any available for sale debt securities.

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The table below summarizes debt securities available for sale in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by length of loss period, for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Unrealized losses on these available for sale securities have not been recognized into income because after review, the securities were deemed not to be impaired. The unrealized losses on these securities are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and current market conditions. At June 30, 2023, the Company does not intend to sell the securities, nor is it anticipated that it would be required to sell any of these securities at a loss.

Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
 
(In thousands)
    Fair Value Unrealized
Losses		 Fair Value Unrealized
Losses		 Fair Value Unrealized
Losses
June 30, 2023
U.S. government and federal agency obligations $ 355,274  $ 15,192  $ 590,541  $ 23,977  $ 945,815  $ 39,169 
Government-sponsored enterprise obligations —  —  44,036  11,645  44,036  11,645 
State and municipal obligations 82,322  1,999  1,140,008  171,874  1,222,330  173,873 
Mortgage and asset-backed securities:
   Agency mortgage-backed securities 50,830  2,159  4,000,228  781,734  4,051,058  783,893 
   Non-agency mortgage-backed securities 1,106  9  1,168,007  203,789  1,169,113  203,798 
   Asset-backed securities 23,848  652  2,457,632  146,649  2,481,480  147,301 
Total mortgage and asset-backed securities 75,784  2,820  7,625,867  1,132,172  7,701,651  1,134,992 
Other debt securities 874  126  456,292  59,588  457,166  59,714 
Total $ 514,254  $ 20,137  $ 9,856,744  $ 1,399,256  $ 10,370,998  $ 1,419,393 
December 31, 2022
U.S. government and federal agency obligations $ 605,840  $ 17,490  $ 380,573  $ 25,940  $ 986,413  $ 43,430 
Government-sponsored enterprise obligations 25,068  4,650  18,040  7,971  43,108  12,621 
State and municipal obligations 814,799  26,708  875,329  171,385  1,690,128  198,093 
Mortgage and asset-backed securities:
   Agency mortgage-backed securities 1,323,938  125,330  2,966,851  654,327  4,290,789  779,657 
   Non-agency mortgage-backed securities 135,984  16,736  1,069,222  195,218  1,205,206  211,954 
   Asset-backed securities 1,331,055  50,056  2,006,188  140,424  3,337,243  190,480 
Total mortgage and asset-backed securities 2,790,977  192,122  6,042,261  989,969  8,833,238  1,182,091 
Other debt securities 166,040  9,690  308,818  54,707  474,858  64,397 
Total $ 4,402,724  $ 250,660  $ 7,625,021  $ 1,249,972  $ 12,027,745  $ 1,500,632 

The entire available for sale debt portfolio included $10.4 billion of securities that were in a loss position at June 30, 2023, compared to $12.0 billion at December 31, 2022.  The total amount of unrealized loss on these securities was $1.4 billion at June 30, 2023, a decrease of $81.2 million compared to the unrealized loss at December 31, 2022.  Securities with significant unrealized losses are discussed in the "Allowance for credit losses on available for sale debt securities" section above.

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For debt securities classified as available for sale, the following table shows the amortized cost, fair value, and allowance for credit losses of securities available for sale at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses (pre-tax) in AOCI, by security type.

 
 
(In thousands)
 Amortized Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains		 Gross
Unrealized
Losses		 Allowance for Credit Losses
Fair Value
June 30, 2023
U.S. government and federal agency obligations $ 984,984  $ —  $ (39,169) $ —  $ 945,815 
Government-sponsored enterprise obligations 55,681  —  (11,645) —  44,036 
State and municipal obligations 1,401,610  —  (173,873) —  1,227,737 
Mortgage and asset-backed securities:
  Agency mortgage-backed securities 4,849,215  84  (783,893) —  4,065,406 
  Non-agency mortgage-backed securities 1,378,516  72  (203,798) —  1,174,790 
  Asset-backed securities 2,646,850  126  (147,301) —  2,499,675 
Total mortgage and asset-backed securities 8,874,581  282  (1,134,992) —  7,739,871 
Other debt securities 516,880  —  (59,714) —  457,166 
Total $ 11,833,736  $ 282  $ (1,419,393) $ —  $ 10,414,625 
December 31, 2022
U.S. government and federal agency obligations $ 1,078,807  $ 29  $ (43,430) $ —  $ 1,035,406 
Government-sponsored enterprise obligations 55,729  —  (12,621) —  43,108 
State and municipal obligations 1,965,028  174  (198,093) —  1,767,109 
Mortgage and asset-backed securities:
  Agency mortgage-backed securities 5,087,893  191  (779,657) —  4,308,427 
  Non-agency mortgage-backed securities 1,423,469  92  (211,954) —  1,211,607 
  Asset-backed securities 3,588,025  256  (190,480) —  3,397,801 
Total mortgage and asset-backed securities 10,099,387  539  (1,182,091) —  8,917,835 
Other debt securities 539,255  —  (64,397) —  474,858 
Total $ 13,738,206  $ 742  $ (1,500,632) $ —  $ 12,238,316 

The following table presents proceeds from sales of securities and the components of investment securities gains and losses which have been recognized in earnings.

For the Six Months Ended June 30
(In thousands) 2023 2022
Proceeds from sales of securities:
Available for sale debt securities
 $ 1,101,782  $ 51,948 
Other investments
 28,754  3,805 
Total proceeds
 $ 1,130,536  $ 55,753 
Investment securities gains (losses), net:
Available for sale debt securities:
Gains realized on sales $ 143  $ — 
Losses realized on sales (8,587) (9,582)
Equity securities:
 Fair value adjustments, net
 (690) (1,023)
Other:
 Gains realized on sales
 879  27 
 Losses realized on sales
 —  (4,313)
Fair value adjustments, net 11,341  23,083 
Total investment securities gains (losses), net $ 3,086  $ 8,192 

Net losses on investment securities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were mainly comprised of net losses of $8.4 million on sales of available for sale securities, and net losses in fair value of $690 thousand on equity investments, offset by net gains in private equity securities due to sales and fair value adjustments of $879 thousand and $11.3 million, respectively.
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At June 30, 2023, securities totaling $8.1 billion in fair value were pledged to secure public fund deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, trust funds, and borrowings at the FRB and FHLB, compared to $4.7 billion at December 31, 2022. Securities pledged under agreements pursuant to which the collateral may be sold or re-pledged by the secured parties approximated $206.4 million, while the remaining securities were pledged under agreements pursuant to which the secured parties may not sell or re-pledge the collateral. Except for obligations of the U.S. Treasury and various government-sponsored enterprises such as FNMA, FHLB and FHLMC, no investment in a single issuer exceeded 10% of stockholders’ equity.


4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following table presents information about the Company's intangible assets which have estimable useful lives.

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
 
 
(In thousands)
 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Valuation Allowance Net Amount Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Valuation Allowance Net Amount
Amortizable intangible assets:
Core deposit premium $ 5,550  $ (4,977) $ —  $ 573  $ 31,270  $ (30,565) $ —  $ 705 
Mortgage servicing rights 22,328  (11,835) —  10,493  22,187  (11,258) —  10,929 
Total $ 27,878  $ (16,812) $ —  $ 11,066  $ 53,457  $ (41,823) $ —  $ 11,634 

Aggregate amortization expense on intangible assets was $353 thousand and $501 thousand for the three month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $709 thousand and $1.1 million for the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following table shows the estimated annual amortization expense for the next five fiscal years. This expense is based on existing asset balances and the interest rate environment as of June 30, 2023. The Company’s actual amortization expense in any given period may be different from the estimated amounts depending upon the acquisition of intangible assets, changes in mortgage interest rates, prepayment rates and other market conditions.

 (In thousands)
2023 $ 1,388 
2024 1,276 
2025 1,130 
2026 988 
2027 851 

During the first quarter of 2023, the Company wrote off $25.7 million of core deposit intangible assets that were fully amortized. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company acquired L.J. Hart & Company, a municipal bond underwriter and advisor, and the acquisition resulted in goodwill of $7.5 million. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and other intangible assets for the six month period ended June 30, 2023 are as follows:

(In thousands) Goodwill Easement Core Deposit Premium Mortgage Servicing Rights
Balance January 1, 2023
 $ 138,921  $ 3,600  $ 705  $ 10,929 
Acquisition 7,450  —  —  — 
Originations, net of disposals —  —  —  141 
Amortization —  —  (132) (577)
Balance June 30, 2023 $ 146,371  $ 3,600  $ 573  $ 10,493 

Goodwill allocated to the Company’s operating segments at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is shown below.

(In thousands) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Consumer segment $ 70,721  $ 70,721 
Commercial segment 74,904  67,454 
Wealth segment 746  746 
Total goodwill $ 146,371  $ 138,921 

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5. Guarantees
The Company, as a provider of financial services, routinely issues financial guarantees in the form of financial and performance standby letters of credit. Standby letters of credit are contingent commitments issued by the Company generally to guarantee the payment or performance obligation of a customer to a third party. While these represent a potential outlay by the Company, a significant amount of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon. The Company has recourse against the customer for any amount it is required to pay to a third party under a standby letter of credit. The letters of credit are subject to the same credit policies, underwriting standards and approval process as loans made by the Company. Most of the standby letters of credit are secured, and in the event of nonperformance by customers, the Company has rights to the underlying collateral, which could include commercial real estate, physical plant and property, inventory, receivables, cash and marketable securities.

Upon issuance of standby letters of credit, the Company recognizes a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken, which is estimated to be equivalent to the amount of fees received from the customer over the life of the agreement. At June 30, 2023, that net liability was $4.2 million, which will be accreted into income over the remaining life of the respective commitments. The contractual amount of these letters of credit, which represents the maximum potential future payments guaranteed by the Company, was $601.2 million at June 30, 2023.

The Company periodically enters into credit risk participation agreements (RPAs) as a guarantor to other financial institutions, in order to mitigate those institutions’ credit risk associated with interest rate swaps with third parties. The RPA stipulates that, in the event of default by the third party on the interest rate swap, the Company will reimburse a portion of the loss borne by the financial institution. These interest rate swaps are normally collateralized (generally with real property, inventories and equipment) by the third party, which limits the credit risk associated with the Company’s RPAs. The third parties usually have other borrowing relationships with the Company. The Company monitors overall borrower collateral and at June 30, 2023, believes sufficient collateral is available to cover potential swap losses. The RPAs are carried at fair value throughout their term with all changes in fair value, including those due to a change in the third party’s creditworthiness, recorded in current earnings. The terms of the RPAs, which correspond to the terms of the underlying swaps, range from 2 years to 15 years. At June 30, 2023, the fair value of the Company's guarantee liabilities for RPAs was $88 thousand, and the notional amount of the underlying swaps was $411.6 million. The maximum potential future payment guaranteed by the Company cannot be readily estimated but is dependent upon the fair value of the interest rate swaps at the time of default.


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6. Leases
The Company has net investments in direct financing and sales-type leases to commercial, industrial, and tax-exempt entities. These leases are included within business loans on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company primarily leases various types of equipment, trucks and trailers, and office furniture and fixtures. Lease agreements may include options for the lessee to renew or purchase the leased equipment at the end of the lease term. The Company has elected to adopt the lease component expedient in which the lease and nonlease components are combined into the total lease receivable. The Company also leases office space to third parties, and these leases are classified as operating leases. The leases may include options to renew or expand the leased space, and currently the leases have remaining terms of 1 month to 15 years.

The following table provides the components of lease income.

For the Three Months Ended June 30 For the Six Months Ended June 30
(in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Direct financing and sales-type leases $ 7,541  $ 5,114  $ 14,296  $ 10,361 
Operating leases(a)
 3,483  2,158  5,816  4,342 
Total lease income $ 11,024  $ 7,272  $ 20,112  $ 14,703 
(a) Includes rent from Tower Properties Company, a related party, of $19 thousand for both of the three month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and $38 thousand for both the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.


7. Pension
The amount of net pension cost is shown in the table below:

For the Three Months Ended June 30 For the Six Months Ended June 30
(In thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Service cost $ 116  $ 131  $ 232  $ 263 
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 1,157  665  2,315  1,330 
Expected return on plan assets (1,001) (1,125) (2,002) (2,251)
Amortization of prior service cost (68) (67) (135) (135)
Amortization of unrecognized net loss 427  497  854  995 
Net periodic pension cost $ 631  $ 101  $ 1,264  $ 202 

All benefits accrued under the Company’s defined benefit pension plan have been frozen since January 1, 2011. During the first six months of 2023, the Company made no funding contributions to its defined benefit pension plan and made minimal funding contributions to a supplemental executive retirement plan (the CERP), which carries no segregated assets.


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8. Common Stock *
Presented below is a summary of the components used to calculate basic and diluted income per share. The Company applies the two-class method of computing income per share, as nonvested share-based awards that pay nonforfeitable common stock dividends are considered securities which participate in undistributed earnings with common stock. The two-class method requires the calculation of separate income per share amounts for the nonvested share-based awards and for common stock. Income per share attributable to common stock is shown in the table below. Nonvested share-based awards are further discussed in Note 13.

For the Three Months Ended June 30 For the Six Months Ended June 30
(In thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Basic income per common share:
Net income attributable to Commerce Bancshares, Inc. $ 127,789  $ 115,794  $ 247,241  $ 233,948 
Less income allocated to nonvested restricted stock 1,128  1,052  2,184  2,122 
  Net income allocated to common stock $ 126,661  $ 114,742  $ 245,057  $ 231,826 
Weighted average common shares outstanding 123,885  125,637  123,944  125,987 
   Basic income per common share $ 1.03  $ .92  $ 1.98  $ 1.84 
Diluted income per common share:
Net income attributable to Commerce Bancshares, Inc. $ 127,789  $ 115,794  $ 247,241  $ 233,948 
Less income allocated to nonvested restricted stock 1,128  1,050  2,182  2,118 
  Net income allocated to common stock $ 126,661  $ 114,744  $ 245,059  $ 231,830 
Weighted average common shares outstanding 123,885  125,637  123,944  125,987 
Net effect of the assumed exercise of stock-based awards - based on the treasury stock method using the average market price for the respective periods 122  279  188  293 
  Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding 124,007  125,916  124,132  126,280 
    Diluted income per common share $ 1.02  $ .92  $ 1.97  $ 1.84 

Unexercised stock appreciation rights of 427 thousand and 177 thousand for the three month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 264 thousand and 151 thousand for the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted income per common share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

In the Annual Meeting of the Shareholders, held on April 19, 2023, a proposal to increase the shares of the Company's common stock authorized for issuance under its articles of incorporation was approved. This approval increased the authorized shares from 140,000,000 to 190,000,000.

* All prior year share and per share amounts in this note have been restated for the 5% common stock dividend distributed in December 2022.

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9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The table below shows the activity and accumulated balances for components of other comprehensive income. Information about unrealized gains and losses on securities can be found in Note 3, and information about unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedge derivatives is located in Note 11.

Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities (1) Pension Loss Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedge Derivatives (2) Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands)
Balance January 1, 2023
 $ (1,124,915) $ (17,186) $ 55,237  $ (1,086,864)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications to current earnings 72,335  —  (5,523) 66,812 
Amounts reclassified to current earnings from accumulated other comprehensive income 8,444  719  (8,549) 614 
 Current period other comprehensive income (loss), before tax 80,779  719  (14,072) 67,426 
Income tax (expense) benefit (20,195) (180) 3,518  (16,857)
 Current period other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 60,584  539  (10,554) 50,569 
Balance June 30, 2023
 $ (1,064,331) $ (16,647) $ 44,683  $ (1,036,295)
Balance January 1, 2022
 $ 23,174  $ (20,668) $ 74,574  $ 77,080 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications to current earnings (1,123,536) —  —  (1,123,536)
Amounts reclassified to current earnings from accumulated other comprehensive income 9,582  860  (12,204) (1,762)
 Current period other comprehensive income (loss), before tax (1,113,954) 860  (12,204) (1,125,298)
Income tax (expense) benefit 278,488  (215) 3,051  281,324 
 Current period other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (835,466) 645  (9,153) (843,974)
Balance June 30, 2022
 $ (812,292) $ (20,023) $ 65,421  $ (766,894)
(1) The pre-tax amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to current earnings are included in "investment securities gains (losses), net" in the consolidated statements of income.
(2) The pre-tax amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to current earnings are included in "interest and fees on loans" in the consolidated statements of income.


10. Segments
The Company segregates financial information for use in assessing its performance and allocating resources among three operating segments: Consumer, Commercial and Wealth. The Consumer segment consists of various consumer loan and deposit products offered through its retail branch network of approximately 145 locations.  This segment also includes indirect and other consumer loan financing businesses, along with debit and credit card loan and fee businesses.  In order to reflect a change in the Company's management of its portfolio of residential mortgage loans that it retains, the Company began including those loans in the Consumer segment on January 1, 2023. These loans had previously been included in the Other/Elimination column. As a result of this change, approximately $1.9 billion of loans were reclassified from the Other/Elimination column into the Consumer segment, and prior periods presented below were restated to also reflect this change.

The Commercial segment provides corporate lending (including the Small Business Banking product line within the branch network), leasing, and international services, along with business and governmental deposit products and commercial cash management services.  This segment also includes both merchant and commercial bank card products as well as the Capital Markets Group, which sells fixed income securities and provides securities safekeeping and accounting services to its business and correspondent bank customers.  The Wealth segment provides traditional trust and estate planning, advisory and discretionary investment management, and brokerage services.  This segment also provides various loan and deposit related services to its private banking customers.

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The following table presents selected financial information by segment and reconciliations of combined segment totals to consolidated totals. There were no material intersegment revenues between the three segments. Management periodically makes changes to methods of assigning costs and income to its business segments to better reflect operating results. If appropriate, these changes are reflected in prior year information presented below.


(In thousands)
 Consumer Commercial Wealth Segment Totals Other/Elimination Consolidated Totals
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Net interest income $ 101,552  $ 116,462  $ 17,024  $ 235,038  $ 14,500  $ 249,538 
Provision for credit losses (6,430) (90) —  (6,520) 49  (6,471)
Non-interest income 25,531  64,769  54,513  144,813  2,792  147,605 
Investment securities gains (losses), net —  —  —  —  3,392  3,392 
Non-interest expense (83,431) (98,427) (40,472) (222,330) (5,281) (227,611)
Income before income taxes $ 37,222  $ 82,714  $ 31,065  $ 151,001  $ 15,452  $ 166,453 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Net interest income $ 198,406  $ 232,628  $ 34,564  $ 465,598  $ 35,563  $ 501,161 
Provision for credit losses (12,736) (483) (13) (13,232) (4,695) (17,927)
Non-interest income 49,834  123,093  107,457  280,384  4,833  285,217 
Investment securities gains (losses), net —  —  —  —  3,086  3,086 
Non-interest expense (160,757) (192,050) (80,108) (432,915) (18,803) (451,718)
Income before income taxes $ 74,747  $ 163,188  $ 61,900  $ 299,835  $ 19,984  $ 319,819 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Net interest income $ 90,561  $ 110,182  $ 19,222  $ 219,965  $ 12,420  $ 232,385 
Provision for loan losses (3,910) (63) 23  (3,950) (3,212) (7,162)
Non-interest income 28,340  56,815  53,983  139,138  289  139,427 
Investment securities gains (losses), net —  —  —  —  1,029  1,029 
Non-interest expense (77,629) (91,316) (36,491) (205,436) (8,069) (213,505)
Income before income taxes $ 37,362  $ 75,618  $ 36,737  $ 149,717  $ 2,457  $ 152,174 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Net interest income $ 177,379  $ 219,135  $ 38,091  $ 434,605  $ 6,566  $ 441,171 
Provision for credit losses (8,413) (145) (3) (8,561) 11,257  2,696 
Non-interest income 54,755  110,466  107,189  272,410  (1,214) 271,196 
Investment securities gains (losses), net —  —  —  —  8,192  8,192 
Non-interest expense (152,453) (180,822) (72,779) (406,054) (13,099) (419,153)
Income before income taxes $ 71,268  $ 148,634  $ 72,498  $ 292,400  $ 11,702  $ 304,102 

The information presented above was derived from the internal profitability reporting system used by management to monitor and manage the financial performance of the Company. This information is based on internal management accounting procedures and methods, which have been developed to reflect the underlying economics of the businesses. The methodologies are applied in connection with funds transfer pricing and assignment of overhead costs among segments. Funds transfer pricing was used in the determination of net interest income by assigning a standard cost (credit) for funds used (provided by) assets and liabilities based on their maturity, prepayment and/or repricing characteristics.

The segment activity, as shown above, includes both direct and allocated items. Amounts in the “Other/Elimination” column include activity not related to the segments, such as that relating to administrative functions, the investment securities portfolio, and the effect of certain expense allocations to the segments. The provision for credit losses in this category contains the difference between net loan charge-offs assigned directly to the segments and the recorded provision for credit loss expense. Included in this category’s net interest income are earnings of the investment portfolio, which are not allocated to a segment. Additionally, interest expense on the Company's brokered deposits is included in this column, as the Company's brokered deposits are not allocated to a segment.

The performance measurement of the operating segments is based on the management structure of the Company and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. The information is also not necessarily indicative of the segments' financial condition and results of operations if they were independent entities.

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11. Derivative Instruments
The notional amounts of the Company’s derivative instruments are shown in the table below. These contractual amounts, along with other terms of the derivative, are used to determine amounts to be exchanged between counterparties and are not a measure of loss exposure. With the exception of the interest rate floors (discussed below), the Company's derivative instruments are accounted for as free-standing derivatives, and changes in their fair value are recorded in current earnings.


(In thousands)
 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Interest rate swaps $ 2,161,392  $ 1,981,821 
Interest rate floors 1,500,000  1,000,000 
Interest rate caps 152,784  152,784 
Credit risk participation agreements 580,358  579,925 
Foreign exchange contracts 14,590  27,991 
 Mortgage loan commitments
 3,268  — 
Forward TBA contracts 4,000  — 
Total notional amount $ 4,416,392  $ 3,742,521 

The largest group of notional amounts relate to interest rate swap contracts sold to commercial customers who wish to modify their interest rate sensitivity. The customers are engaged in a variety of businesses, including real estate, manufacturing, retail product distribution, education, and retirement communities. These interest rate swap contracts with customers are offset by matching interest rate swap contracts purchased by the Company from other financial institutions (dealers). Contracts with dealers that require central clearing are novated to a clearing agency who becomes the Company's counterparty. Because of the matching terms of the offsetting contracts, in addition to collateral provisions which mitigate the impact of non-performance risk, changes in fair value subsequent to initial recognition have a minimal effect on earnings.

Many of the Company’s interest rate swap contracts with large financial institutions contain contingent features relating to debt ratings or capitalization levels. Under these provisions, if the Company’s debt rating falls below investment grade or if the Company ceases to be “well-capitalized” under risk-based capital guidelines, certain counterparties can require immediate and ongoing collateralization on interest rate swaps in net liability positions or instant settlement of the contracts. The Company maintains debt ratings and capital well above these minimum requirements.

As of June 30, 2023, the Company holds three interest rate floors with a combined notional value of $1.5 billion to hedge the risk of declining interest rates on certain floating rate commercial loans. The first floor was purchased during the third quarter of 2022, has a purchased strike rate of 2.50%, is forward-starting beginning on January 1, 2024 and matures on January 1, 2030. In the event that the index rate falls below zero, the maximum rate spread the Company can earn on the notional amount is limited to 2.50%. The second floor was purchased during the fourth quarter of 2022, has a purchased strike rate of 3.00%, is forward-starting beginning on April 1, 2024 and matures on April 1, 2030. In the event that the index rate falls below zero, the maximum rate the Company can earn on the notional amount is limited to 3.00%. The third floor was purchased during the first quarter of 2023, has a purchased strike rate of 3.50%, is forward-starting beginning on July 1, 2024 and matures on July 1, 2030. In the event that the index rate falls below zero, the maximum rate the Company can earn on the notional amount is limited to 3.50%. The premium paid for these floors totaled $61.7 million. As of June 30, 2023, the maximum length of time over which the Company is hedging its exposure to lower rates is approximately 6.5 years. These interest rate floors qualified and were designated as cash flow hedges and were assessed for effectiveness using regression analysis. The change in the fair value of these interest rate floors is recorded in AOCI, net of the amortization of the premiums paid, which are recorded against interest and fees on loans in the consolidated statements of income. As of June 30, 2023, net deferred losses on the interest rate floors totaled $8.0 million (pre-tax) and were recorded in AOCI in the consolidated balance sheet. As of June 30, 2023, it is expected that $7.4 million (pre-tax) interest rate floor premium amortization will be reclassified from AOCI into earnings over the next 12 months.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company monetized three interest rate floors that were previously classified as cash flow hedges with a combined notional balance of $1.5 billion and an asset fair value of $163.2 million. As of June 30, 2023, the total realized gains on the monetized cash flow hedges remaining in AOCI was $63.1 million (pre-tax), which will be reclassified into interest income over the next 3.5 years. The estimated amount of net gains related to the cash flow hedges remaining in AOCI at June 30, 2023 that is expected to be reclassified into income within the next 12 months is $23.0 million.

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The Company also contracts with other financial institutions, as a guarantor or beneficiary, to share credit risk associated with certain interest rate swaps through risk participation agreements. The Company’s risks and responsibilities as guarantor are further discussed in Note 5 on Guarantees. In addition, the Company enters into foreign exchange contracts, which are mainly comprised of contracts with customers to purchase or deliver specific foreign currencies at specific future dates.

Under its program to sell residential mortgage loans in the secondary market, the Company designates certain newly-originated residential mortgage loans as held for sale. Derivative instruments arising from this activity include mortgage loan commitments and forward loan sale contracts. Changes in the fair values of the loan commitments and funded loans prior to sale that are due to changes in interest rates are economically hedged with forward contracts to sell residential mortgage-backed securities in the to-be-announced (TBA) market. These forward TBA contracts are also considered to be derivatives and are settled in cash at the security settlement date. In late 2022, the Company temporarily paused sales of these loans and halted entering into the forward contracts, as lower demand for mortgage loans coupled with volatility in the TBA market made it difficult to effectively hedge the Company's mortgage loan production. The Company resumed sales during the first quarter of 2023.

The fair values of the Company's derivative instruments, whose notional amounts are listed above, are shown in the table below. Information about the valuation methods used to determine fair value is provided in Note 15 on Fair Value Measurements.

The Company's policy is to present its derivative assets and derivative liabilities on a gross basis in its consolidated balance sheets, and these are reported in other assets and other liabilities. Certain collateral posted to and from the Company's clearing counterparty has been applied to the fair values of the cleared swaps, such that at June 30, 2023 in the table below, the positive fair values of cleared swaps were reduced by $878 thousand. At December 31, 2022, positive fair values of cleared swaps were reduced by $27.8 million.

  Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
June 30, 2023 Dec. 31, 2022 June 30, 2023 Dec. 31, 2022
(In thousands)    
   Fair Value   Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
   Interest rate floors $ 53,748  $ 33,371  $ —  $ — 
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ 53,748  $ 33,371  $ —  $ — 
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:
   Interest rate swaps $ 48,492  $ 23,894  $ (49,370) $ (51,742)
   Interest rate caps 2,182  2,705  (2,182) (2,705)
   Credit risk participation agreements 35  34  (88) (119)
   Foreign exchange contracts 399  488  (358) (418)
   Mortgage loan commitments 58  —  —  — 
   Forward TBA contracts 22  —  —  — 
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 51,188  $ 27,121  $ (51,998) $ (54,984)
Total $ 104,936  $ 60,492  $ (51,998) $ (54,984)
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The Company made an election to exclude the initial premiums paid on the interest rate floors from the hedge effectiveness measurement. Those initial premiums are amortized over the periods between the premium payment month and the contract maturity month. The pre-tax effects of the gains and losses (both the included and excluded amounts for hedge effectiveness assessment) recognized in the other comprehensive income from the cash flow hedging instruments and the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income (both included and excluded amounts for hedge effectiveness measurement) are shown in the table below.
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI
 Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income
(In thousands) Total Included Component Excluded Component Total Included Component Excluded Component
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate floors $ (14,748) $ —  $ (14,748) Interest and fees on loans $ 4,165  $ 7,455  $ (3,290)
Total $ (14,748) $ —  $ (14,748) Total $ 4,165  $ 7,455  $ (3,290)
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate floors $ (5,523) $ —  $ (5,523) Interest and fees on loans $ 8,550  $ 14,899  $ (6,349)
Total $ (5,523) $ —  $ (5,523) Total $ 8,550  $ 14,899  $ (6,349)
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate floors $ —  $ —  $ —  Interest and fees on loans $ 6,154  $ 7,687  $ (1,533)
Total $ —  $ —  $ —  Total $ 6,154  $ 7,687  $ (1,533)
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate floors $ —  $ —  $ —  Interest and fees on loans $ 12,204  $ 15,253  $ (3,049)
Total $ —  $ —  $ —  Total $ 12,204  $ 15,253  $ (3,049)

The gain and loss recognized through various derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income are shown in the table below.



 Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Consolidated Statements of Income Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives

For the Three Months Ended June 30 For the Six Months Ended June 30
(In thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Derivative instruments:
  Interest rate swaps Other non-interest income $ 1,873  $ 870  $ 2,496  $ 1,682 
  Interest rate caps Other non-interest income —  —  —  16 
  Credit risk participation agreements Other non-interest income 3  (82) (16) (92)
  Foreign exchange contracts Other non-interest income (9) 14  (29) — 
  Mortgage loan commitments Loan fees and sales (19) (49) 58  (534)
  Mortgage loan forward sale contracts Loan fees and sales 1  (4) —  (4)
  Forward TBA contracts Loan fees and sales 49  423  50  1,666 
Total $ 1,898  $ 1,172  $ 2,559  $ 2,734 

The following table shows the extent to which assets and liabilities relating to derivative instruments have been offset in the consolidated balance sheets. It also provides information about these instruments which are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement, irrespective of whether they are offset, and the extent to which the instruments could potentially be offset. Also shown is collateral received or pledged in the form of other financial instruments, which is generally cash or marketable securities. The collateral amounts in this table are limited to the outstanding balances of the related asset or liability (after netting is applied); thus, amounts of excess collateral are not shown.
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Most of the derivatives in the following table were transacted under master netting arrangements that contain a conditional right of offset, such as close-out netting, upon default.

While the Company is party to master netting arrangements with most of its swap derivative counterparties, the Company does not offset derivative assets and liabilities under these agreements on its consolidated balance sheets. Collateral exchanged between the Company and dealer bank counterparties is generally subject to thresholds and transfer minimums, and usually consists of marketable securities. By contract, these may be sold or re-pledged by the secured party until recalled at a subsequent valuation date by the pledging party. For those swap transactions requiring central clearing, the Company posts cash or securities to its clearing agent. Collateral positions are valued daily, and adjustments to amounts received and pledged by the Company are made as appropriate to maintain proper collateralization for these transactions. Swap derivative transactions with customers are generally secured by rights to non-financial collateral, such as real and personal property, which is not shown in the table below.

Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
(In thousands) Gross Amount Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet Net Amounts Presented in the Balance Sheet Financial Instruments Available for Offset Collateral
Received/
Pledged		 Net Amount
June 30, 2023
Assets:
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements
 $ 104,855  $ —  $ 104,855  $ (746) $ (100,290) $ 3,819 
Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements
 81  —  81 
Total derivatives $ 104,936  $ —  $ 104,936 
Liabilities:
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements
 $ 51,584  $ —  $ 51,584  $ (746) $ —  $ 50,838 
Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements
 414  —  414 
Total derivatives $ 51,998  $ —  $ 51,998 
December 31, 2022
Assets:
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements
 $ 60,270  $ —  $ 60,270  $ (1,007) $ (56,816) $ 2,447 
Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements
 222  —  222 
Total derivatives $ 60,492  $ —  $ 60,492 
Liabilities:
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements
 $ 54,609  $ —  $ 54,609  $ (1,007) $ —  $ 53,602 
Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements
 375  —  375 
Total derivatives $ 54,984  $ —  $ 54,984 

12. Resale and Repurchase Agreements
The Company regularly enters into resale and repurchase agreement transactions with other financial institutions and with its own customers. Resale and repurchase agreements are agreements to purchase/sell securities subject to an obligation to resell/repurchase the same or similar securities. They are accounted for as secured lending and collateralized borrowing (e.g. financing transactions), not as true sales and purchases of the underlying collateral securities. Some of the resale and repurchase agreements were transacted under master netting arrangements that contain a conditional right of offset, such as close-out netting, upon default. The security collateral accepted or pledged in resale and repurchase agreements with other financial institutions may be sold or re-pledged by the secured party, but is usually delivered to and held by third party trustees. The Company generally retains custody of securities pledged for repurchase agreements with its customers.

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The Company is party to agreements commonly known as collateral swaps. These agreements involve the exchange of collateral under simultaneous repurchase and resale agreements with the same financial institution counterparty. These repurchase and resale agreements have the same principal amounts, inception dates, and maturity dates and have been offset against each other in the consolidated balance sheets, as permitted under the netting provisions of ASC 210-20-45. The collateral swaps totaled $200.0 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At June 30, 2023, the Company had posted collateral of $206.2 million in marketable securities, consisting of agency mortgage-backed bonds, and had accepted $209.7 million in agency mortgage-backed bonds.

The following table shows the extent to which resale agreement assets and repurchase agreement liabilities with the same counterparty have been offset on the consolidated balance sheets, in addition to the extent to which they could potentially be offset. Also shown is collateral received or pledged, which consists of marketable securities. The collateral amounts in the table are limited to the outstanding balances of the related asset or liability (after offsetting is applied); thus amounts of excess collateral are not shown.

Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
(In thousands) Gross Amount Recognized Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet Net Amounts Presented in the Balance Sheet Financial Instruments Available for Offset Securities Collateral Received/Pledged Unsecured Amount
June 30, 2023
Total resale agreements, subject to master netting arrangements
 $ 1,025,000  $ (200,000) $ 825,000  $ —  $ (825,000) $ — 
Total repurchase agreements, subject to master netting arrangements
 2,566,621  (200,000) 2,366,621  —  (2,366,621) — 
December 31, 2022
Total resale agreements, subject to master netting arrangements
 $ 1,025,000  $ (200,000) $ 825,000  $ —  $ (825,000) $ — 
Total repurchase agreements, subject to master netting arrangements
 2,881,874  (200,000) 2,681,874  —  (2,681,874) — 
The table below shows the remaining contractual maturities of repurchase agreements outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, in addition to the various types of marketable securities that have been pledged by the Company as collateral for these borrowings.

Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(In thousands) Overnight and continuous Up to 90 days Greater than 90 days Total
June 30, 2023
Repurchase agreements, secured by:
  U.S. government and federal agency obligations $ 183,261  $ 26,168  $ 15,598  $ 225,027 
  Agency mortgage-backed securities 1,574,674  3,826  212,204  1,790,704 
  Non-agency mortgage-backed securities 11,348  —  —  11,348 
  Asset-backed securities 537,606  —  —  537,606 
  Other debt securities 1,936  —  —  1,936 
   Total repurchase agreements, gross amount recognized $ 2,308,825  $ 29,994  $ 227,802  $ 2,566,621 
December 31, 2022
Repurchase agreements, secured by:
  U.S. government and federal agency obligations $ 488,053  $ 26,928  $ 12,460  $ 527,441 
  Agency mortgage-backed securities 1,792,314  21,744  204,500  2,018,558 
  Non-agency mortgage-backed securities 40,950  —  —  40,950 
  Asset-backed securities 293,001  —  —  293,001 
  Other debt securities 1,924  —  —  1,924 
   Total repurchase agreements, gross amount recognized $ 2,616,242  $ 48,672  $ 216,960  $ 2,881,874 


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13. Stock-Based Compensation
The Company issues stock-based compensation in the form of nonvested restricted stock and stock appreciation rights (SARs). Historically, most of the awards have been issued during the first quarter of each year. The stock-based compensation expense charged against income was $3.9 million and $4.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 respectively, and $8.3 million and $8.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Nonvested stock awards granted generally vest in 4 to 7 years and contain restrictions as to transferability, sale, pledging, or assigning, among others, prior to the end of the vesting period. Dividend and voting rights are conferred upon grant. A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested share awards as of June 30, 2023, and changes during the six month period then ended, is presented below.

 
 
 

 Shares  Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2023 1,148,873  $58.20
Granted 285,263  63.45
Vested (304,068) 50.59
Forfeited (20,526) 60.58
Nonvested at June 30, 2023 1,109,542  $61.59

SARs are granted with exercise prices equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant. SARs vest ratably over 4 years of continuous service and have contractual terms of 10 years. All SARs must be settled in stock under provisions of the plan. In determining compensation cost, the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of SARs on date of grant. The current year per share average fair value and the model assumptions are shown in the table below.

Weighted per share average fair value at grant date $18.65 
Assumptions:
Dividend yield
 1.6  %
Volatility
 27.9  %
Risk-free interest rate
 3.9  %
Expected term
 5.8 years

A summary of SAR activity during the first six months of 2023 is presented below.

 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 Rights
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2023 948,727  $46.82 
Granted 89,829  65.64 
Forfeited (4,011) 63.35 
Expired (5,518) 51.82 
Exercised (45,006) 26.08 
Outstanding at June 30, 2023
 984,021  $49.39  5.3 years $4,857 


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14. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Revenue from contracts with customers, Accounting Standard Codification 606 ("ASC 606"), requires revenue recognition for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, approximately 64% of the Company’s total revenue was comprised of net interest income, which is not within the scope of this guidance. Of the remaining revenue, those items that were subject to this guidance mainly included fees for bank card, trust, deposit account services and consumer brokerage services.

The following table disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by major product line.

Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(In thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Bank card transaction fees $ 49,725  $ 43,873  $ 96,379  $ 85,918 
Trust fees 47,265  46,792  92,593  94,603 
Deposit account charges and other fees 22,633  25,564  44,385  47,871 
Consumer brokerage services 4,677  5,068  9,762  9,514 
Other non-interest income 9,486  10,750  17,825  15,245 
Total non-interest income from contracts with customers 133,786  132,047  260,944  253,151 
Other non-interest income (1)
 13,819  7,380  24,273  18,045 
Total non-interest income $ 147,605  $ 139,427  $ 285,217  $ 271,196 
(1) This revenue is not within the scope of ASC 606, and includes fees relating to capital market activities, loan fees and sales, derivative instruments, standby letters of credit and various other transactions.

For bank card transaction fees, nearly all of debit and credit card fees are earned in the Consumer segment, while corporate card and merchant fees are earned in the Commercial segment. The Consumer and Commercial segments contribute approximately 33% and 67%, respectively, of the Company's deposit account charge revenue. All trust fees and nearly all consumer brokerage services income are earned in the Wealth segment.    

The following table presents the opening and closing receivable balances for the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 for the Company’s significant revenue from contracts with customers.

(In thousands) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Bank card transaction fees $ 16,321  $ 17,254  $ 14,598  $ 16,424 
Trust fees 1,984  2,038  1,975  2,222 
Deposit account charges and other fees 6,488  6,631  6,898  6,702 
Consumer brokerage services 637  949  678  391 

For these revenue categories, none of the transaction price has been allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of the end of a reporting period.


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15. Fair Value Measurements
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Various financial instruments such as available for sale debt securities, equity securities, trading debt securities, certain investments relating to private equity activities, and derivatives are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets and liabilities on a nonrecurring basis, such as mortgage servicing rights and certain other investment securities. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Depending on the nature of the asset or liability, the Company uses various valuation techniques and assumptions when estimating fair value. For accounting disclosure purposes, a three-level valuation hierarchy of fair value measurements has been established. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
•Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly (such as interest rates, yield curves, and prepayment speeds).
•Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value. These may be internally developed, using the Company’s best information and assumptions that a market participant would consider.
The valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis are described in the Fair Value Measurements note in the Company's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in these methodologies since then.

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Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The table below presents the June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 carrying values of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no transfers among levels during the first six months of 2023 or the year ended December 31, 2022.

Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands) Total Fair Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		 Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		 Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
June 30, 2023
Assets:
  Residential mortgage loans held for sale $ 1,566  $ —  $ 1,566  $ — 
  Available for sale debt securities:
     U.S. government and federal agency obligations 945,815  945,815  —  — 
     Government-sponsored enterprise obligations 44,036  —  44,036  — 
     State and municipal obligations 1,227,737  —  1,226,817  920 
     Agency mortgage-backed securities 4,065,406  —  4,065,406  — 
     Non-agency mortgage-backed securities 1,174,790  —  1,174,790  — 
     Asset-backed securities 2,499,675  —  2,499,675  — 
     Other debt securities 457,166  —  457,166  — 
  Trading debt securities 29,412  —  29,412  — 
  Equity securities 5,520  5,520  —  — 
  Private equity investments 172,732  —  —  172,732 
  Derivatives * 104,936  —  104,843  93 
  Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plan 19,482  19,482  —  — 
  Total assets 10,748,273  970,817  9,603,711  173,745 
Liabilities:
  Derivatives *
 51,998  —  51,910  88 
Liabilities held in trust for deferred compensation plan
 19,482  19,482  —  — 
  Total liabilities $ 71,480  $ 19,482  $ 51,910  $ 88 
December 31, 2022
Assets:
  Residential mortgage loans held for sale $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
  Available for sale debt securities:
     U.S. government and federal agency obligations 1,035,406  1,035,406  —  — 
     Government-sponsored enterprise obligations 43,108  —  43,108  — 
     State and municipal obligations 1,767,109  —  1,765,268  1,841 
     Agency mortgage-backed securities 4,308,427  —  4,308,427  — 
     Non-agency mortgage-backed securities 1,211,607  —  1,211,607  — 
     Asset-backed securities 3,397,801  —  3,397,801  — 
     Other debt securities 474,858  —  474,858  — 
  Trading debt securities 43,523  —  43,523  — 
  Equity securities 6,210  6,210  —  — 
  Private equity investments 178,127  —  —  178,127 
  Derivatives * 60,492  —  60,458  34 
  Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plan 17,856  17,856  —  — 
  Total assets 12,544,524  1,059,472  11,305,050  180,002 
Liabilities:
  Derivatives *
 54,984  —  54,865  119 
Liabilities held in trust for deferred compensation plan
 17,856  17,856  —  — 
  Total liabilities $ 72,840  $ 17,856  $ 54,865  $ 119 
* The fair value of each class of derivative is shown in Note 11.

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The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:

Fair Value Measurements Using
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)


(In thousands)
 State and Municipal Obligations
Private Equity
Investments
 Derivatives Total
For the three months ended June 30, 2023
Balance March 31, 2023
 $ 914  $ 163,418  $ (27) $ 164,305 
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings —  9,090  (16) 9,074 
Included in other comprehensive income * 5  —  —  5 
Discount accretion 1  —  —  1 
Purchases of private equity investments —  224  —  224 
Purchase of risk participation agreement —  —  61  61 
Sale of risk participation agreement —  —  (13) (13)
Balance June 30, 2023 $ 920  $ 172,732  $ 5  $ 173,657 
Total gains or losses for the three months included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2023
 $ —  $ 9,090  $ 61  $ 9,151 
*Total gains or losses for the three months included in other comprehensive income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2023
 $ 5  $ —  $ —  $ 5 
For the six months ended June 30, 2023
Balance January 1, 2023
 $ 1,841  $ 178,127  $ (85) $ 179,883 
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings —  11,341  42  11,383 
Included in other comprehensive income * 31  —  —  31 
Investment securities called (1,000) —  —  (1,000)
Discount accretion 48  —  —  48 
Purchases of private equity investments —  10,756  —  10,756 
Sale/pay down of private equity investments —  (27,492) —  (27,492)
Purchase of risk participation agreement —  —  61  61 
Sale of risk participation agreement —  —  (13) (13)
Balance June 30, 2023 $ 920  $ 172,732  $ 5  $ 173,657 
Total gains or losses for the six months included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2023
 $ —  $ 11,341  $ 42  $ 11,383 
*Total gains or losses for the six months included in other comprehensive income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2023
 $ 10  $ —  $ —  $ 10 

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Fair Value Measurements Using
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)


(In thousands)
 State and Municipal Obligations
Private Equity
Investments
 Derivatives Total
For the three months ended June 30, 2022
Balance March 31, 2022
 $ 1,902  $ 153,411  $ 221  $ 155,534 
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings —  15,633  (131) 15,502 
Included in other comprehensive income * (87) —  —  (87)
Discount accretion 1  —  —  1 
Purchases of private equity investments —  822  —  822 
Sale/pay down of private equity investments —  (8,095) —  (8,095)
Purchase of risk participation agreement —  —  314  314 
Sale of risk participation agreement —  —  (250) (250)
Balance June 30, 2022
 $ 1,816  $ 161,771  $ 154  $ 163,741 
Total gains or losses for the three months included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2022
 $ —  $ 15,633  $ 148  $ 15,781 
*Total gains or losses for the three months included in other comprehensive income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2022
 $ (87) $ —  $ —  $ (87)
For the six months ended June 30, 2022
Balance January 1, 2022
 $ 1,984  $ 147,406  $ 571  $ 149,961 
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings —  23,083  (626) 22,457 
Included in other comprehensive income * (170) —  —  (170)
Discount accretion 2  —  —  2 
Purchases of private equity investments —  1,122  —  1,122 
Sale/pay down of private equity investments —  (9,840) —  (9,840)
Purchase of risk participation agreement —  —  459  459 
Sale of risk participation agreement —  —  (250) (250)
Balance June 30, 2022
 $ 1,816  $ 161,771  $ 154  $ 163,741 
Total gains or losses for the six months included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2022
 $ —  $ 23,033  $ 136  $ 23,169 
*Total gains or losses for the six months included in other comprehensive income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2022
 $ (170) $ —  $ —  $ (170)
* Included in "net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale debt securities" in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

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Gains and losses included in earnings for the Level 3 assets and liabilities in the previous table are reported in the following line items in the consolidated statements of income:

(In thousands) Loan Fees and Sales Other Non-Interest Income Investment Securities Gains (Losses), Net
Total
For the three months ended June 30, 2023
Total gains or losses included in earnings $ (19) $ 3  $ 9,090  $ 9,074 
Change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2023
 $ 58  $ 3  $ 9,090  $ 9,151 
For the six months ended June 30, 2023
Total gains or losses included in earnings $ 58  $ (16) $ 11,341  $ 11,383 
Change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2023
 $ 58  $ (16) $ 11,341  $ 11,383 
For the three months ended June 30, 2022
Total gains or losses included in earnings $ (49) $ (82) $ 15,633  $ 15,502 
Change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2022
 $ 230  $ (82) $ 15,633  $ 15,781 
For the six months ended June 30, 2022
Total gains or losses included in earnings $ (534) $ (92) $ 23,083  $ 22,457 
Change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at June 30, 2022
 $ 230  $ (94) $ 23,033  $ 23,169 


Level 3 Inputs
The Company's significant Level 3 measurements, which employ unobservable inputs that are readily quantifiable, pertain to investments in portfolio concerns held by the Company's private equity subsidiaries and held for sale residential mortgage loan commitments. Information about these inputs is presented in the table below.

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements Weighted
Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range Average*
Private equity investments Market comparable companies EBITDA multiple 4.0 - 6.0 5.2
Mortgage loan commitments Discounted cash flow Probability of funding 64.5% - 100.0% 81.2%
Embedded servicing value .7% - 1.5% 1.1%
* Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments.

Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the first six months of 2023 and 2022, and still held as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the following table provides the adjustments to fair value recognized during the respective periods, the level of valuation inputs used to determine each adjustment, and the carrying value of the related individual assets or portfolios at June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)

Fair Value
 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Total Gains (Losses) Recognized During the Six Months Ended June 30
June 30, 2023
Collateral dependent loans $ 1,647  $ —  $ —  $ 1,647  $ 588 
June 30, 2022
Mortgage servicing rights $ 11,407  $ —  $ —  $ 11,407  $ 304 
Long- lived assets 484  —  —  484  (965)

The Company's significant Level 3 measurements that are measured on a nonrecurring basis pertain to the Company's mortgage servicing rights retained on certain fixed rate personal real estate loan originations. Mortgage servicing rights are included in other intangible assets-net on the consolidated balance sheets, and information about these inputs at June 30, 2023 is presented in the table below.
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Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements Weighted
Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range Average*
Mortgage servicing rights Discounted cash flow Discount rate 9.51  % - 9.71  % 9.58  %
Prepayment speeds (CPR)* 6.43  % - 7.79  % 6.65  %
Loan servicing costs - annually per loan
    Performing loans $ 70  - $ 72  $ 71 
    Delinquent loans $ 200  - $ 750 
    Loans in foreclosure $ 1,000 
*Ranges and weighted averages based on interest rate tranches.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s mortgage servicing rights are updated periodically for changes in market conditions. Actual rates may differ from our estimates. Increases in prepayment speed and discount rates negatively impact the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights.


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16. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments held by the Company are set forth below. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information. They do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for many of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, risk characteristics and economic conditions. These estimates are subjective, involve uncertainties, and cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments and the classification of their fair value measurement within the valuation hierarchy are as follows at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

Carrying Amount
Estimated Fair Value at June 30, 2023

(In thousands)

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Financial Assets
Loans:
Business $ 5,906,493  $ —  $ —  $ 5,725,065  $ 5,725,065 
Real estate - construction and land
 1,451,783  —  —  1,431,727  1,431,727 
Real estate - business
 3,621,222  —  —  3,470,492  3,470,492 
Real estate - personal
 2,980,599  —  —  2,671,283  2,671,283 
Consumer
 2,110,605  —  —  2,044,119  2,044,119 
Revolving home equity 303,845  —  —  300,823  300,823 
Consumer credit card 574,755  —  —  542,739  542,739 
Overdrafts
 7,237  —  —  7,045  7,045 
Total loans 16,956,539  —  —  16,193,293  16,193,293 
Loans held for sale 6,776  —  6,776  —  6,776 
Investment securities 10,707,602  951,335  9,497,302  258,965  10,707,602 
Federal funds sold 2,750  2,750  —  —  2,750 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 825,000  —  —  808,605  808,605 
Interest earning deposits with banks 2,568,695  2,568,695  —  —  2,568,695 
Cash and due from banks 366,699  366,699  —  —  366,699 
Derivative instruments 104,936  —  104,843  93  104,936 
Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plan 19,482  19,482  —  —  19,482 
       Total $ 31,558,479  $ 3,908,961  $ 9,608,921  $ 17,260,956  $ 30,778,838 
Financial Liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits $ 8,198,849  $ 8,198,849  $ —  $ —  $ 8,198,849 
Savings, interest checking and money market deposits 14,418,974  14,418,974  —  —  14,418,974 
Certificates of deposit 3,251,621  —  —  3,262,639  3,262,639 
Federal funds purchased 511,400  511,400  —  —  511,400 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 2,366,621  —  —  2,369,489  2,369,489 
Other borrowings 1,004,878  —  4,878  1,000,000  1,004,878 
Derivative instruments 51,998  —  51,910  88  51,998 
Liabilities held in trust for deferred compensation plan 19,482  19,482  —  —  19,482 
       Total $ 29,823,823  $ 23,148,705  $ 56,788  $ 6,632,216  $ 29,837,709 
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Carrying Amount
Estimated Fair Value at December 31, 2022

(In thousands)
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Financial Assets
Loans:
Business $ 5,661,725  $ —  $ —  $ 5,506,128  $ 5,506,128 
Real estate - construction and land
 1,361,095  —  —  1,347,328  1,347,328 
Real estate - business
 3,406,981  —  —  3,289,655  3,289,655 
Real estate - personal
 2,918,078  —  —  2,654,423  2,654,423 
Consumer
 2,059,088  —  —  1,999,788  1,999,788 
Revolving home equity 297,207  —  —  295,005  295,005 
Consumer credit card 584,000  —  —  538,268  538,268 
Overdrafts
 14,957  —  —  14,666  14,666 
Total loans 16,303,131  —  —  15,645,261  15,645,261 
Loans held for sale 4,964  —  4,964  —  4,964 
Investment securities 12,511,649  1,041,616  11,244,592  225,441  12,511,649 
Federal funds sold 49,505  49,505  —  —  49,505 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 825,000  —  —  795,574  795,574 
Interest earning deposits with banks 389,140  389,140  —  —  389,140 
Cash and due from banks 452,496  452,496  —  —  452,496 
Derivative instruments 60,492  —  60,458  34  60,492 
Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plan 17,856  17,856  —  —  17,856 
       Total $ 30,614,233  $ 1,950,613  $ 11,310,014  $ 16,666,310  $ 29,926,937 
Financial Liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits $ 10,066,356  $ 10,066,356  $ —  $ —  $ 10,066,356 
Savings, interest checking and money market deposits 15,126,981  15,126,981  —  —  15,126,981 
Certificates of deposit 994,103  —  —  982,613  982,613 
Federal funds purchased 159,860  159,860  —  —  159,860 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 2,681,874  —  —  2,684,471  2,684,471 
Other borrowings 8,831  —  8,831  —  8,831 
Derivative instruments 54,984  —  54,865  119  54,984 
Liabilities held in trust for deferred compensation plan 17,856  17,856  —  —  17,856 
       Total $ 29,110,845  $ 25,371,053  $ 63,696  $ 3,667,203  $ 29,101,952 

17. Legal and Regulatory Proceedings
The Company has various legal proceedings pending at June 30, 2023, arising in the normal course of business. While some matters pending against the Company specify damages claimed by plaintiffs, others do not seek a specified amount of damages or are at early stages of the legal process. The Company records a loss accrual for all legal and regulatory matters for which it deems a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. Some matters, which are in the early stages, have not yet progressed to the point where a loss amount can be determined to be probable and estimable.

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Item 2.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and with the statistical information and financial data appearing in this report as well as the Company's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of results to be attained for any other period.

Forward-Looking Information
This report may contain "forward-looking statements" that are subject to risks and uncertainties and include information about possible or assumed future results of operations. Many possible events or factors could affect the future financial results and performance of the Company. This could cause results or performance to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Words such as "expects", "anticipates", "believes", "estimates", variations of such words and other similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in, or implied by, such forward-looking statements. Readers should not rely solely on the forward-looking statements and should consider all uncertainties and risks discussed throughout this report. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. The Company does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Such possible events or factors include: changes in economic conditions in the Company's market area, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in policies by regulatory agencies, governmental legislation and regulation, fluctuations in interest rates, changes in liquidity requirements, demand for loans in the Company's market area, changes in accounting and tax principles, estimates made on income taxes, competition with other entities that offer financial services, cybersecurity threats, and such other factors as discussed in Part I Item 1A - "Risk Factors" and Part II Item 7 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, there were no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed in the Company's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Related Policies
The Company has identified certain policies as being critical because they require management to make particularly difficult, subjective and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because of the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. These estimates and related policies are the Company's allowance for credit losses and fair value measurement policies. A discussion of these estimates and related policies can be found in the sections captioned "Critical Accounting Policies" and "Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Liability for Unfunded Lending Commitments" in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Company's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no changes in the Company's application of critical accounting policies since December 31, 2022.

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Selected Financial Data
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
  2023 2022 2023 2022
Per Share Data
   Net income per common share — basic $ 1.03  $ .92  * $ 1.98  $ 1.84  *
   Net income per common share — diluted 1.02  .92  * 1.97  1.84  *
   Cash dividends on common stock .270  .252  * .540  .505  *
   Book value per common share 21.53  21.23  *
   Market price 48.70  62.52  *
Selected Ratios
(Based on average balance sheets)
   Loans to deposits (1)
 66.15  % 53.93  % 65.57  % 52.91  %
   Non-interest bearing deposits to total deposits 32.63  39.02  34.35  39.18 
   Equity to loans (1)
 16.35  18.41  16.05  20.10 
   Equity to deposits 10.81  9.93  10.52  10.63 
   Equity to total assets 8.29  8.37  8.26  8.82 
   Return on total assets 1.56  1.36  1.55  1.35 
   Return on equity 18.81  16.29  18.78  15.28 
(Based on end-of-period data)
   Non-interest income to revenue (2)
 37.17  37.50  36.27  38.07 
   Efficiency ratio (3)
 57.22  57.29  57.35  58.72 
   Tier I common risk-based capital ratio 14.75  13.95 
   Tier I risk-based capital ratio
14.75  13.95 
   Total risk-based capital ratio 15.53  14.64 
   Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio (4)
 7.70  7.56 
   Tier I leverage ratio
10.46  9.45 
* Restated for the 5% stock dividend distributed in December 2022.
(1) Includes loans held for sale.
(2) Revenue includes net interest income and non-interest income.
(3) The efficiency ratio is calculated as non-interest expense (excluding intangibles amortization) as a percent of revenue.
(4) The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio is a measurement which management believes is a useful indicator of capital adequacy and utilization.
It provides a meaningful basis for period to period and company to company comparisons, and also assists regulators, investors and analysts in analyzing the financial position of the Company. Tangible common equity and tangible assets are non-GAAP measures and should not be viewed as substitutes for, or superior to, data prepared in accordance with GAAP.

The following table is a reconciliation of the GAAP financial measures of total equity and total assets to the non-GAAP measures of total tangible common equity and total tangible assets.

June 30
(Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022
Total equity $ 2,685,228  $ 2,675,313 
Less non-controlling interest 17,870  16,467 
Less goodwill 146,371  138,921 
Less intangible assets* 4,173  4,446 
Total tangible common equity (a) $ 2,516,814  $ 2,515,479 
Total assets $ 32,831,262  $ 33,435,370 
Less goodwill 146,371  138,921 
Less intangible assets* 4,173  4,446 
Total tangible assets (b) $ 32,680,718  $ 33,292,003 
Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio (a)/(b) 7.70  % 7.56  %
* Intangible assets other than mortgage servicing rights.
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Results of Operations
Summary
   Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 % change 2023 2022 % change
Net interest income (expense) $ 249,538  $ 232,385  7.4  % $ 501,161  $ 441,171  13.6  %
Provision for credit losses (6,471) (7,162) 9.6  (17,927) 2,696  764.9 
Non-interest income 147,605  139,427  5.9  285,217  271,196  5.2 
Investment securities gains (losses), net 3,392  1,029  N.M. 3,086  8,192  (62.3)
Non-interest expense (227,611) (213,505) 6.6  (451,718) (419,153) 7.8 
Income taxes (35,990) (32,021) 12.4  (68,803) (63,923) 7.6 
Non-controlling interest income (expense) (2,674) (4,359) (38.7) (3,775) (6,231) (39.4)
Net income attributable to Commerce Bancshares, Inc. $ 127,789  $ 115,794  10.4  % $ 247,241  $ 233,948  5.7  %

For the quarter ended June 30, 2023, net income attributable to Commerce Bancshares, Inc. (net income) amounted to $127.8 million, an increase of $12.0 million, or 10.4%, compared to the second quarter of the previous year. For the current quarter, the annualized return on average assets was 1.56%, the annualized return on average equity was 18.81%, and the efficiency ratio was 57.22%. Diluted earnings per common share was $1.02 per share in the current quarter, an increase of 10.9% compared to $0.92 per share in the second quarter of 2022, and increased 7.4% compared to $0.95 per share in the previous quarter.

Compared to the second quarter of last year, net interest income increased $17.2 million, or 7.4%, mainly due to increases in interest income on loans and interest income on deposits with banks of $98.8 million and $26.8 million, respectively. These increases were partly offset by an increase in deposits and borrowings interest expense of $93.4 million. The provision for credit losses decreased $691 thousand, or 9.6%, compared to the same quarter in the prior year. Non-interest income increased $8.2 million, or 5.9%, compared to the second quarter of 2022, mainly due to an increase in net bank card fees and letters of credit fees, partly offset by lower deposit account charges. Net gains on investment securities totaled $3.4 million in the current quarter compared to net gains of $1.0 million in the same quarter of last year. Net securities gains in the current quarter primarily resulted from gains of $9.1 million related to fair value adjustments on private equity investments, partly offset by $5.4 million of net losses realized on the sales of available for sale debt securities. Non-interest expense increased $14.1 million, or 6.6%, over the second quarter of 2022, mainly due to higher salaries and employee benefits expense and higher FDIC insurance expense.

Net income for the first six months of 2023 was $247.2 million, an increase of $13.3 million, or 5.7%, from the same period last year. Diluted earnings per common share was $1.97, an increase of 7.1% compared to $1.84 per share in the same period last year. For the first six months of 2023, the annualized return on average assets was 1.55%, the annualized return on average equity was 18.78%, and the efficiency ratio was 57.35%. Net interest income increased $60.0 million, or 13.6%, over the same period last year. This growth was largely due to an increase of $190.5 million in interest income on loans, partly offset by increases in interest expense on deposits and borrowings of $147.6 million. The provision for credit losses was $17.9 million for the first six months of 2023, compared to a recovery of $2.7 million in the same period last year. Non-interest income increased $14.0 million, or 5.2%, from the first six months of last year mainly due to higher bank card fees, cash sweep commission fees, and letters of credit fees. Non-interest expense increased $32.6 million, or 7.8%, over the first six months of last year mainly due to increases in salaries and benefits expense and and higher FDIC insurance expense.


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Net Interest Income
The following table summarizes the changes in net interest income on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, by major category of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, identifying changes related to volumes and rates. Changes not solely due to volume or rate changes are allocated to rate.

Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 vs. 2022 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 vs. 2022
  Change due to Change due to
 
(In thousands)		 Average
Volume		 Average
Rate
Total		 Average
Volume		 Average
Rate
Total
Interest income, fully taxable equivalent basis:
Loans:
  Business $ 2,992  $ 34,646  $ 37,638  $ 5,592  $ 67,667  $ 73,259 
  Real estate - construction and land 2,294  13,862  16,156  4,878  26,238  31,116 
  Real estate - business 3,481  19,972  23,453  6,676  39,420  46,096 
  Real estate - personal 1,104  2,992  4,096  2,110  5,376  7,486 
  Consumer 252  10,505  10,757  494  19,239  19,733 
  Revolving home equity 261  2,893  3,154  455  5,498  5,953 
  Consumer credit card 513  3,405  3,918  944  6,601  7,545 
  Overdrafts —  —  —  —  —  — 
     Total interest on loans 10,897  88,275  99,172  21,149  170,039  191,188 
Loans held for sale (33) 23  (10) (61) 46  (15)
Investment securities:
  U.S. government and federal agency securities (1,028) (3,900) (4,928) (922) (8,185) (9,107)
  Government-sponsored enterprise obligations —  (1) (1) 205  186  391 
  State and municipal obligations (3,404) (976) (4,380) (4,999) (1,095) (6,094)
  Mortgage-backed securities (4,178) 1,506  (2,672) (8,408) 2,796  (5,612)
  Asset-backed securities (4,073) 5,127  1,054  (5,879) 11,990  6,111 
  Other securities 4,008  (8,868) (4,860) 3,424  (7,230) (3,806)
     Total interest on investment securities (8,675) (7,112) (15,787) (16,579) (1,538) (18,117)
Federal funds sold 14  72  86  153  421  574 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell (2,256) 1,970  (286) (5,052) 3,418  (1,634)
Interest earning deposits with banks 2,013  24,813  26,826  (685) 35,696  35,011 
Total interest income 1,960  108,041  110,001  (1,075) 208,082  207,007 
Interest expense:
Deposits:
  Savings (9) 38  29  (11) 55  44 
  Interest checking and money market (594) 28,333  27,739  (682) 46,797  46,115 
  Certificates of deposit of less than $100,000 76  9,844  9,920  69  11,137  11,206 
  Certificates of deposit of $100,000 and over 319  13,627  13,946  160  19,986  20,146 
     Total interest on deposits (208) 51,842  51,634  (464) 77,975  77,511 
Federal funds purchased 776  5,397  6,173  1,457  10,295  11,752 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (62) 14,374  14,312  (230) 31,355  31,125 
Other borrowings 21,136  (1) 21,135  27,852  2  27,854 
Total interest expense 21,642  71,612  93,254  28,615  $ 119,627  $ 148,242 
Net interest income, tax equivalent basis $ (19,682) $ 36,429  $ 16,747  $ (29,690) $ 88,455  $ 58,765 

Net interest income in the second quarter of 2023 was $249.5 million, an increase of $17.2 million over the second quarter of 2022. On a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis, net interest income totaled $251.8 million in the second quarter of 2023, up $16.7 million over the same period last year and down $1.7 million from the previous quarter. The increase in net interest income compared to the second quarter of 2022 was mainly due to higher interest income earned on loans (FTE) of $99.2 million, partly offset by higher interest expense on deposits and borrowings of $93.3 million.
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The increase in total interest earned on loans (FTE) was the result of higher loan yields on all loan products, especially commercial loans, many of which have variable rates, coupled with higher average balances, while the increase in interest expense was mainly due to higher rates paid on deposits and borrowings. The Company's net yield on earning assets (FTE) was 3.12% in the current quarter compared to 2.79% in the second quarter of 2022.

Total interest income (FTE) increased $110.0 million over the second quarter of 2022. Interest income on loans (FTE) was $242.7 million during the second quarter of 2023, an increase of $99.2 million, or 69.1%, over the same quarter last year. The increase in interest income over the same quarter of last year was primarily due to an increase of 212 basis points in the average rate earned and growth of $1.2 billion, or 7.6%, in average loan balances. Most of the increase in interest income occurred in the business, business real estate and construction loan categories. The largest increase to interest income occurred in business loan interest, which grew $37.6 million due to a 242 basis point increase in the average rate earned, coupled with growth in average balances of $372.2 million, or 6.9%. Business real estate loan interest income increased $23.5 million due to an increase of 226 basis points in the average rate earned and higher average balances of $377.3 million, or 11.9%. Construction and land loan interest grew $16.2 million due to a 383 basis point increase in the average rate earned and growth of $224.9 million, or 18.4%, in average loan balances. In addition, consumer loan interest increased $10.8 million due to an increase of 201 basis points in the average rate earned, while consumer credit card loan increased $3.9 million mainly due to a 245 basis point increase in the average rate earned. Personal real estate loan interest income grew $4.1 million due to a 41 basis point increase in the average rate earned and growth of $135.4 million, or 4.8%, in average loan balances.

Interest income on investment securities (FTE) was $74.6 million during the second quarter of 2023, which was a decrease of $15.8 million from the same quarter last year. The decrease in interest income occurred mainly in interest earned on U.S. government and federal agency obligations, which declined $4.9 million due to a decrease in inflation income on the Company's U.S. Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS). Interest income related to TIPS, which is tied to the non-seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index (CPI-U), decreased $4.5 million from the same quarter last year. Interest income earned on state and municipal securities declined $4.4 million mainly due to a $593.9 million, or 27.9%, decrease in average balances. Interest income on other securities decreased $4.9 million, mainly due the receipt of $6.5 million in non-accrual interest on the sale of a private equity investment recorded in the second quarter of 2022. This increase was partly offset by an increase in the average balance of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock. Interest income earned on mortgage-backed securities decreased $2.7 million mainly due to a decline of $842.0 million, or 11.8%, in the average balance. In addition, a $1.7 million increase in premium amortization, reflecting slower forward prepayment speed estimates was recorded in the current quarter, compared to a premium amortization adjustment increase of $5.0 million in the prior year. These decreases were partly offset by an increase of ten basis points in the average rate earned. These decreases to interest income were partly offset by growth of $1.1 million in interest earned on asset-backed securities, due to an increase of 73 basis points in the average rate earned, partly offset by lower average balances of $1.2 billion, or 30.0%. The average balance of the total investment portfolio (excluding unrealized fair value adjustments on available for sale debt securities) was $12.6 billion in the second quarter of 2023, compared to $15.4 billion in the second quarter of 2022.

Interest income on securities purchased under agreements to resell decreased $286 thousand from the same quarter last year, due to a decline of $878.6 million in the average balance, partly offset by an increase of 96 basis points in the average rate earned. Interest income on balances at the Federal Reserve grew $26.8 million due to an increase of 436 basis points in the average rate earned and an increase of $1.0 billion in the average balance invested.

The average fully taxable-equivalent yield on total interest earning assets was 4.34% in the second quarter of 2023, up from 2.86% in the second quarter of 2022.

Total interest expense increased $93.3 million compared to the second quarter of 2022 due to increases in interest expense of $51.6 million on interest bearing deposits and $41.6 million on borrowings. The increase in deposit interest expense resulted mainly from an increase of $27.7 million in interest expense on interest checking and money market deposit accounts due to an 87 basis point increase in the average rate paid, slightly offset by lower average balances of $1.9 billion, or 13.0%. In addition, interest expense on certificates of deposit increased $23.9 million mainly due to an increase of 361 basis points in the average rate paid and an increase in average balances of $1.5 billion. A portion of this increase was due to brokered deposits added by the Company during the second quarter of 2023. The brokered deposits consist of short-term certificates of deposit less than $100 thousand, and $903.9 million were outstanding at June 30, 2023. Interest expense on borrowings was higher due to an increase of $14.3 million in interest expense on customer repurchase agreements resulting from an increase of 261 basis points in the average rate paid. Interest expense on federal funds purchased increased $6.2 million mainly due to a 427 basis point increase in the average rate paid, while FHLB borrowings increased $1.6 billion and resulted in an increase of $21.1 million in interest expense.
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The overall average rate incurred on all interest bearing liabilities was 1.87% and .12% in the second quarters of 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Net interest income (FTE) for the first six months of 2023 was $505.2 million compared to $446.4 million for the same period in 2022. For the first six months of 2023, the net interest margin was 3.18% compared to 2.62% for the same period in 2022.

Total interest income (FTE) for the first six months of 2023 increased $58.8 million over the same period last year mainly due to higher interest income on loans (FTE) and balances at the Federal Reserve, partly offset by higher interest expense on deposit and borrowings and lower interest income on investment securities (FTE). Loan interest income (FTE) increased $191.2 million, or 69.2%, due to a 207 basis point increase in the average rate earned and a $1.2 billion, or 7.7%, increase in average loan balances. Most of the increase occurred in the business, business real estate and construction loan categories, but interest income in all loan categories increased due to higher average rates earned and higher average loan balances. Interest income on investment securities (FTE) decreased $18.1 million due to a $2.3 billion decrease in average balances, slightly offset by a ten basis point increase in the average rate earned. Interest earned on U.S. government and federal agency obligations decreased $9.1 million, mainly due to lower TIPS interest income. Interest income earned on state and municipal securities declined $6.1 million mainly due to lower average balances and interest rates earned. Interest earned on mortgage-backed securities decreased $5.6 million due to lower average balances, partly offset by higher average rates earned, while interest on asset-backed securities increased $6.1 million due to higher average rates earned, partly offset by lower average balances. Interest income on securities purchased under agreements to resell decreased $1.6 million due to lower average balances, partly offset higher average rates earned. Interest income on balances at the Federal Reserve increased $35.0 million due to higher average rates earned.

Total interest expense for the first six months of 2023 increased $148.2 million compared to the same period last year. Interest expense on deposits increased $77.5 million, due to a 95 basis point increase in the average rate paid. Interest expense on borrowings increased $70.7 million, mainly due to higher rates paid on federal funds purchased and customer repurchase agreements and higher average balances of FHLB borrowings. The overall cost of total interest bearing liabilities increased to 1.55% compared to .09% in the same period last year.

Summaries of average assets and liabilities and the corresponding average rates earned/paid appear on the last page of this discussion.

Non-Interest Income
   Three Months Ended June 30 Increase (Decrease) Six Months Ended June 30 Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Amount % change 2023 2022 Amount % change
Bank card transaction fees $ 49,725 $ 43,873 $ 5,852  13.3  % $ 96,379 $ 85,918 $ 10,461  12.2  %
Trust fees 47,265 46,792 473  1.0  92,593 94,603 (2,010) (2.1)
Deposit account charges and other fees 22,633 25,564 (2,931) (11.5) 44,385 47,871 (3,486) (7.3)
Consumer brokerage services 4,677 5,068 (391) (7.7) 9,762 9,514 248  2.6 
Capital market fees 2,539 3,327 (788) (23.7) 5,901 7,452 (1,551) (20.8)
Loan fees and sales 2,735 3,246 (511) (15.7) 5,324 7,481 (2,157) (28.8)
Other 18,031 11,557 6,474  56.0  30,873 18,357 12,516  68.2 
Total non-interest income $ 147,605 $ 139,427 $ 8,178  5.9  % $ 285,217 $ 271,196 $ 14,021  5.2  %
Non-interest income as a % of total revenue* 37.2  % 37.5  % 36.3  % 38.1  %
* Total revenue includes net interest income and non-interest income.

The table below is a summary of net bank card transaction fees for the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 $ change % change 2023 2022 $ change % change
Net debit card fees $ 11,340  $ 10,533  $ 807  7.7  % $ 21,627  $ 20,085  $ 1,542  7.7  %
Net credit card fees 3,812  3,712  100  2.7  7,486  7,434  52  .7 
Net merchant fees 5,359  4,934  425  8.6  10,710  9,914  796  8.0 
Net corporate card fees 29,214  24,694  4,520  18.3  56,556  48,485  8,071  16.6 
Total bank card transaction fees $ 49,725  $ 43,873  $ 5,852  13.3  % $ 96,379  $ 85,918  $ 10,461  12.2  %
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For the second quarter of 2023, total non-interest income amounted to $147.6 million compared to $139.4 million in the same quarter last year, which was an increase of $8.2 million, or 5.9%. The increase was mainly due to higher net bank card fees and other income, partly offset by lower deposit account fees. Bank card transaction fees for the current quarter grew $5.9 million, or 13.3%, over the same period last year, mainly due to growth of $4.5 million in net corporate card fees. The growth in net corporate card fees was mainly due to higher interchange income and lower rewards and network expense. Debit card fees increased mainly due to lower network expense, while merchant fees increased due to higher interchange fees. Compared to the second quarter of last year, deposit account fees decreased $2.9 million, or 11.5%, due to lower overdraft and return item fees. Trust fees increased $473 thousand due to higher private client trust fees, while consumer brokerage fees declined $391 thousand due to lower advisory and annuity fees. Capital market fees decreased $788 thousand, or 23.7% and loan fees and sales decreased $511 thousand, or 15.7%, mainly due to a decline in mortgage banking revenue. Other non-interest income increased $6.5 million, or 56.0%, mainly due to higher letter of credit fees of $2.9 million, swap fees of $1.1 million, cash sweep commissions of $855 thousand and a gain on the sale of real estate of $1.1 million recorded in the current quarter. In addition, an increase of $3.4 million in fair value adjustments was recorded on the Company's deferred compensation plan assets, which are held in a trust, recorded as both an asset and liability, and affect both other income and other expense. These increases were partly offset by a decrease in tax credit sales fees of $1.5 million and the receipt of a $2.2 million life insurance death benefit recorded in the second quarter of 2022.

Non-interest income for the first six months of 2023 was $285.2 million compared to $271.2 million in the first six months of 2023, which was an increase of $14.0 million, or 5.2%. The increase was mainly due to higher net bank card fees and other income, partly offset by lower deposit account fees, trust fees and loan fees and sales. Bank card transaction fees for the current quarter grew $10.5 million, or 12.2%, over the same period last year, mainly due to growth of $8.1 million in net corporate card fees. Trust fees increased $2.0 million, or 2.1%, mainly due to higher private client and institutional trust fees. Deposit account fees decreased $3.5 million, or 7.3%, mainly due to lower overdraft and return item fees, partly offset by higher corporate cash management fees and personal deposit account fees. Capital market fees decreased $1.6 million, or 20.8%, while loan fees and sales decreased $2.2 million mainly due to lower mortgage banking revenue. Other non-interest income increased $12.5 million, or 68.2%, mainly due to higher cash sweep commissions of $3.5 million, letter of credit fees of $2.8 million, the $1.1 million gain on the sale of real estate mentioned above and a write-down of $965 thousand on a branch location recorded in 2022. In addition, fair value adjustments on the Company's deferred compensation plan assets increased $5.4 million. These increases were partly offset by lower tax credit sales fees of $1.7 million and income of $2.2 million from a life insurance death benefit recorded in 2022.



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Investment Securities Gains (Losses), Net
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(In thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net gains (losses) on sales of available for sale debt securities $ (5,356) $ (9,582) $ (8,444) $ (9,582)
Fair value adjustments on equity securities, net (563) (736) (690) (1,023)
Net gains (losses) on sales of private equity investments 221  (4,286) 879  (4,286)
Fair value adjustments on private equity investments 9,090  15,633  11,341  23,083 
Total investment securities gains (losses), net $ 3,392  $ 1,029  $ 3,086  $ 8,192 

Net gains on investment securities, which were recognized in earnings during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, are shown in the table above. Net securities gains of $3.4 million were reported in the second quarter of 2023, compared to net gains of $1.0 million in the same period last year. The net gains in the second quarter of 2023 were primarily comprised of $9.1 million of net gains in fair value on the Company’s private equity investments, due to fair value adjustments, partially offset by net losses of $5.4 million on the sale of available for sale securities. The net gains on investment securities for the same quarter last year were primarily comprised of $15.6 million of net gains in fair value on the Company’s private equity investments, partially offset by losses of $9.6 million and $4.3 million on sales of available for sale securities and a private equity investment, respectively.

Net gains on investment securities of $3.1 million were recognized in earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to net gains of $8.2 million for the same period in 2022. Net gains in the first half of 2023 were mainly comprised of net gains in fair value of $11.3 million on private equity investments, due to fair value adjustments, partially offset by losses of $8.4 million on sales of available for sale securities. Net gains in the first half of 2022 were mainly comprised of net gains in fair value of $23.1 million on private equity investments, offset by losses of $9.6 million on sales of available for sale securities, net losses of $4.3 million on sales of private equity investments, and net losses in fair value of $1.0 million on equity investments. The portion of private equity activity attributable to minority interests is reported as non-controlling interest in the consolidated statements of income and resulted in expense of $2.5 million during the first six months of 2023 and expense of $3.8 million during the first six months of 2022.

Non-Interest Expense
   Three Months Ended June 30 Increase (Decrease) Six Months Ended June 30 Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Amount % change 2023 2022 Amount % change
Salaries and employee benefits $ 145,429  $ 142,243  $ 3,186  2.2  % $ 289,802  $ 278,196  $ 11,606  4.2  %
Data processing and software 28,719  27,635  1,084  3.9  56,873  54,651  2,222  4.1 
Net occupancy 12,995  12,503  492  3.9  25,754  24,799  955  3.9 
Marketing 6,368  5,836  532  9.1  11,839  12,180  (341) (2.8)
Equipment 4,864  4,734  130  2.7  9,714  9,302  412  4.4 
Supplies and communication 4,625  4,361  264  6.1  9,215  9,074  141  1.6 
Other 24,611  16,193  8,418  52.0  48,521  30,951  17,570  56.8 
Total non-interest expense $ 227,611  $ 213,505  $ 14,106  6.6  % $ 451,718  $ 419,153  $ 32,565  7.8  %

Non-interest expense for the second quarter of 2023 amounted to $227.6 million, an increase of $14.1 million, or 6.6%, compared to expense of $213.5 million in the second quarter of last year. The increase in expense over the same period last year was mainly due to higher salaries and employee benefits expense, data processing and software expense and other non-interest expense. Salaries expense increased $929 thousand, or .8%, due to higher full-time salaries expense of $6.9 million, or 7.6%, partly offset by lower incentive compensation expense of $5.7 million, largely the result of a $5.4 million accrual for special bonuses in 2022 that did not reoccur in 2023. Employee benefits expense totaled $25.7 million, reflecting growth of $2.3 million, or 11.4%, mainly due to higher healthcare expense. Full-time equivalent employees totaled 4,680 at June 30, 2023, compared to 4,579 at June 30, 2022. Data processing and software expense increased $1.1 million, or 3.9%, due to higher bank card processing fees and increased costs for service providers. Occupancy expense increased $492 thousand, or 3.9%, mainly due to higher depreciation expense and real estate taxes, partly offset by higher rent income. Marketing expense increased $532 thousand, or 9.1%, and supplies and communication expense increased $264 thousand, or 6.1%, mainly due to higher postage expense. Other non-interest expense increased $8.4 million, or 52.0%, mainly due to higher deferred compensation adjustments (previously mentioned), FDIC insurance and travel and entertainment expense of $3.4 million, $1.8 million and $797 thousand, respectively.
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Additionally, the Company recorded deconversion expense of $2.1 million relating to the transition of Commerce Financial Advisors support to LPL Financial's Institution Services platform.

Non-interest expense amounted to $451.7 million for the first six months of 2023, an increase of $32.6 million, or 7.8%, over the first six months of 2022. Salaries and benefits expense increased $11.6 million, or 4.2%, mainly due to higher full-time salaries expense, healthcare expense and payroll taxes, partly offset by a decrease in incentive compensation, mainly the special bonus accrual in 2022 mentioned above. Data processing and software expense increased $2.2 million, or 4.1%, due to increased costs for service providers and higher bank card processing fees. Occupancy expense increased $1.0 million, or 3.9%, mainly due to higher depreciation and utilities expense, partly offset by higher external rent income. Marketing expense decreased $341 thousand, or 2.8%, while equipment expense increased $412 thousand, or 4.4%, due to higher furniture and equipment service contracts and rental expense. Other non-interest expense increased $17.6 million, or 56.8%, mainly due to higher FDIC insurance expense, travel and entertainment expense, miscellaneous losses and pension plan expense, in addition to the previously mentioned deconversion costs of $2.1 million and the fair value equity adjustments of $5.4 million on the Company's deferred compensation plan assets.



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Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Liability for Unfunded Lending Commitments
  Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30
June 30, 2023 Mar. 31, 2023 June 30, 2022 2023 2022
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS
Balance at beginning of period $ 159,317  $ 150,136  $ 134,710  $ 150,136  $ 150,044 
   Provision for credit losses on loans 5,864  15,948  7,287  $ 21,812  $ (3,399)
   Net loan charge-offs (recoveries):
     Commercial:
        Business 165  230  19  395  96 
        Real estate-construction and land (115) —  —  (115) — 
        Real estate-business (5) (4) (1) (9) (8)
Commercial net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 45  226  18  271  88 
     Personal Banking:
        Real estate-personal (6) (11) (41) (17) (19)
        Consumer 1,273  1,275  633  2,548  1,441 
        Revolving home equity (20) (26) (14) (46) 4 
        Consumer credit card 4,687  4,325  2,937  9,012  6,309 
        Overdrafts 517  978  425  1,495  783 
Personal banking net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 6,451  6,541  3,940  12,992  8,518 
Total net loan charge-offs (recoveries) 6,496  6,767  3,958  13,263  8,606 
Balance at end of period $ 158,685  $ 159,317  $ 138,039  $ 158,685  $ 138,039 
LIABILITY FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS
Balance at beginning of period 28,628  33,120  25,032  33,120  24,204 
Provision for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments 607  (4,492) (125) (3,885) 703 
Balance at end of period 29,235  28,628  24,907  29,235  24,907 
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LIABILITY FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS $ 187,920  $ 187,945  $ 162,946  $ 187,920  $ 162,946 

  Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30
June 30, 2023 Mar. 31, 2023 June 30, 2022 2023 2022
Annualized net loan charge-offs (recoveries)*:
Commercial:
  Business .01  % .02  % —  % .01  % —  %
  Real estate-construction and land (.03) —  —  (.02) — 
  Real estate-business —  —  —  —  — 
Commercial net loan charge-offs (recoveries) —  .01  —  .01  — 
Personal Banking:
  Real estate-personal —  —  (.01) —  — 
  Consumer .24  .25  .12  .25  .14 
  Revolving home equity (.03) (.04) (.02) (.03) — 
  Consumer credit card 3.38  3.15  2.19  3.27  2.36 
  Overdrafts 44.79  89.15  30.86  66.40  29.50 
Personal banking net loan charge-offs (recoveries) .44  .45  .28  .44  .30 
Total annualized net loan charge-offs (recoveries) .16  % .17  % .10  % .16  % .11  %
* as a percentage of average loans (excluding loans held for sale)

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To determine the amount of the allowance for credit losses on loans and the liability for unfunded lending commitments, the Company has an established process which assesses the risks and losses expected in its portfolios. This process provides an allowance based on estimates of allowances for pools of loans and unfunded lending commitments, as well as a second, smaller component based on certain individually evaluated loans and unfunded lending commitments. The Company's policies and processes for determining the allowance for credit losses on loans and the liability for unfunded lending commitments are discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements and in the "Allowance for Credit Losses" discussion within Critical Accounting Estimates and Related Policies in Item 7 of the 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Net loan charge-offs in the second quarter of 2023 amounted to $6.5 million, compared to $6.8 million in the prior quarter and $4.0 million in the second quarter of last year. Compared to the same period last year, total net loan charge-offs in the second quarter of 2023 increased $2.5 million and decreased $271 thousand from the previous quarter. The increase over the prior year was mainly driven by increases in net charge-offs on consumer credit cards, consumer, and business loans of $1.8 million, $640 thousand, and $146 thousand, respectively. The decrease from the previous quarter was driven by decreases in net charge-offs on overdrafts and construction loans, partly offset by an increase in net charge-offs on consumer credit card loans.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, annualized net charge-offs on average consumer credit card loans were 3.38%, compared to 3.15% in the previous quarter and 2.19% in the same period last year. Consumer loan annualized net charge-offs in the current quarter amounted to .24%, compared to .25% in the prior quarter and .12% in the same period last year. In the second quarter of 2023, total annualized net loan charge-offs were .16%, compared to .17% in the previous quarter and .10% in the same period last year.

The provision for credit losses on loans was $5.9 million in the current quarter, which was a $10.1 million decrease from the $15.9 million provision recorded in the prior quarter and a $1.4 million decrease from the $7.3 million provision recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in the provision from the prior quarter was due to growth in the related allowance for credit losses on loans experienced in the first quarter of 2023, which was not repeated in the second quarter.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net loan charge-offs amounted to $13.3 million, compared to $8.6 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in net loan charge-offs over the prior year was driven mainly by increases in consumer credit card and consumer loans and overdrafts. Annualized net charge-offs on consumer credit card loans totaled 3.27% and 2.36% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Consumer loan annualized net charge-offs were .25% and .14% in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, while annualized net charge-offs on overdrafts were 66.40% and 29.50% for the first half of 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total annualized net loan charge-offs were .16% and .11% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the provision for credit losses on loans was $21.8 million, which was a $25.2 million increase over the $3.4 million benefit recorded in the same period last year. The increase in the provision over the prior year was due to the buildup of the related allowance for credit losses in the first six months of 2023 related to forecasting a future mild recession, while the first six months of 2022 experienced reductions in the related allowance for credit losses primarily related to the improving economic forecast at that time.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the allowance for credit losses on loans increased $8.5 million, compared to the allowance for credit losses on loans at December 31, 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the allowance for credit losses on commercial loans increased by $4.7 million, while the allowance for credit losses related to personal banking loans, including consumer credit card loans, increased $3.8 million. The increase was primarily the result of applying a slightly more pessimistic forecast compared to the forecast used at December 31, 2022, coupled with raising interest rates that extended the estimate lives of certain loan portfolios. Compared to June 30, 2022, the allowance for credit losses on loans at June 30, 2023 increased $20.6 million, mainly due to a less optimistic forecast that reflected a future mild recession. The allowance for credit losses on loans was $158.7 million at June 30, 2023 and was .94%, .92% and .88% of total loans at June 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022, respectively.

In the current quarter, the provision for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments was $607 thousand, compared to a benefit of $125 thousand at June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments was a benefit of $3.9 million, compared to a provision of $703 thousand in the first six months of 2022. At June 30, 2023, the liability for unfunded lending commitments was $29.2 million, compared to $33.1 million at December 31, 2022 and $24.9 million at June 30, 2022. The Company's unfunded lending commitments primarily relate to construction loans, and the Company's estimate for credit losses in its unfunded lending commitments utilizes the same model and forecast as its estimate for credit losses on loans. See Note 2 for further discussion of the model inputs utilized in the Company's estimate of credit losses.

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The Company considers the allowance for credit losses on loans and the liability for unfunded commitments adequate to cover losses expected in the loan portfolio, including unfunded commitments, at June 30, 2023.

The allowance for credit losses on loans and the liability for unfunded lending commitments are estimates that require significant judgment including projections of the macro-economic environment. The Company utilizes a third-party macro-economic forecast that continuously changes due to economic conditions and events. These changes in the forecast cause fluctuations in the allowance for credit losses on loans and the liability for unfunded lending commitments. The Company uses judgment to assess the macro-economic forecast and internal loss data in estimating the allowance for credit losses on loans and the liability for unfunded lending commitments. These estimates are subject to periodic refinement based on changes in the underlying external and internal data.

Risk Elements of Loan Portfolio
The following table presents non-performing assets and loans which are past due 90 days and still accruing interest. Non-performing assets include non-accruing loans and foreclosed real estate. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when management does not expect to collect payments consistent with acceptable and agreed upon terms of repayment. Loans that are 90 days past due as to principal and/or interest payments are generally placed on non-accrual, unless they are both well-secured and in the process of collection, or they are personal banking loans that are exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as non-accrual.

(Dollars in thousands)
 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Non-accrual loans $ 6,161  $ 8,306 
Foreclosed real estate 94  96 
Total non-performing assets $ 6,255  $ 8,402 
Non-performing assets as a percentage of total loans .04  % .05  %
Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets .02  % .03  %
Total loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest $ 15,351  $ 15,830 

Non-accrual loans totaled $6.2 million at June 30, 2023, a decrease of $2.1 million from the balance at December 31, 2022. The decrease occurred mainly in business loans which decreased $2.0 million. At June 30, 2023, non-accrual loans were comprised of business (76.8%), personal real estate (20.7%), and business real estate (2.5%) loans. Foreclosed real estate totaled $94 thousand at June 30, 2023, a slight decrease compared to December 31, 2022. Total loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest were $15.4 million as of June 30, 2023, a decrease of $479 thousand from December 31, 2022. Balances by class for non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest are shown in the "Delinquent and non-accrual loans" section in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.

In addition to the non-performing and past due loans mentioned above, the Company also has identified loans for which management has concerns about the ability of the borrowers to meet existing repayment terms. They are classified as substandard under the Company's internal rating system. The loans are generally secured by either real estate or other borrower assets, reducing the potential for loss should they become non-performing. Although these loans are generally identified as potential problem loans, they may never become non-performing. Such loans totaled $228.8 million at June 30, 2023 compared with $259.7 million at December 31, 2022, resulting in a decrease of $30.9 million, or 11.9%.

(In thousands)
 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Potential problem loans:
  Business $ 62,100  $ 29,455 
  Real estate – construction and land 4,100  47,493 
  Real estate – business 162,353  182,526 
  Real estate – personal 258  250 
Total potential problem loans $ 228,811  $ 259,724 

At June 30, 2023, the Company had $72.7 million of loans modified to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, and these loans are further discussed in the "Modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty" section in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.

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Loans with Special Risk Characteristics
Management relies primarily on an internal risk rating system, in addition to delinquency status, to assess risk in the loan portfolio, and these statistics are presented in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. However, certain types of loans are considered at high risk of loss due to their terms, location, or special conditions. Additional information about the major types of loans in these categories and their risk features are provided below. Information based on loan-to-value (LTV) ratios was generally calculated with valuations at loan origination date. The Company normally obtains an updated appraisal or valuation at the time a loan is renewed or modified, or if the loan becomes significantly delinquent or is in the process of being foreclosed upon.

Real Estate – Construction and Land Loans
The Company's portfolio of construction and land loans, as shown in the table below, amounted to 8.6% of total loans outstanding at June 30, 2023. The largest component of construction and land loans was commercial construction, which increased $96.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2023, multi-family residential construction loans totaled approximately $370.3 million, or 30.4%, of the commercial construction loan portfolio, compared to $303.5 million, or 27.0%, at December 31, 2022.

(Dollars in thousands) June 30,
2023


% of Total
% of
Total
Loans
 December 31, 2022
    

% of Total
% of
Total
Loans
Commercial construction $ 1,218,245  83.9  % 7.2  % $ 1,122,105  82.4  % 6.9  %
Residential construction 134,012  9.2  .9  138,311  10.2  .8 
Residential land and land development 57,541  4.0  .3  50,012  3.7  .3 
Commercial land and land development 41,985  2.9  .2  50,667  3.7  .3 
Total real estate - construction and land loans $ 1,451,783  100.0  % 8.6  % $ 1,361,095  100.0  % 8.3  %

Real Estate – Business Loans
Total business real estate loans were $3.6 billion at June 30, 2023 and comprised 21.4% of the Company's total loan portfolio. These loans include properties such as manufacturing and warehouse buildings, small office and medical buildings, churches, hotels and motels, shopping centers, and other commercial properties. At June 30, 2023, 31.7% of business real estate loans were for owner-occupied real estate properties, which have historically resulted in lower net charge-off rates than non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans.

(Dollars in thousands) June 30,
2023


% of Total
% of
Total
Loans
 December 31, 2022


% of Total
% of
Total
Loans
Owner-occupied $ 1,146,899  31.7  % 6.8  % $ 1,136,189  33.3  % 7.0  %
Industrial 566,197  15.6  3.3  478,534  14.0  2.9 
Office 502,774  13.9  3.0  497,601  14.6  3.1 
Retail 358,048  9.9  2.1  322,971  9.5  2.0 
Multi-family 303,323  8.4  1.8  308,156  9.0  1.9 
Hotels 250,269  6.9  1.5  230,972  6.8  1.4 
Farm 195,645  5.4  1.2  195,920  5.8  1.2 
Senior living 171,198  4.7  1.0  131,217  3.9  .8 
Other 126,869  3.5  .7  105,421  3.1  .6 
Total real estate - business loans $ 3,621,222  100.0  % 21.4  % $ 3,406,981  100.0  % 20.9  %
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Information about the credit quality of the Company's business real estate loan portfolio as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is provided in the table below.

(Dollars in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Non-Accrual Total
June 30, 2023
Owner-occupied $ 1,131,420  $ 8,446  $ 6,939  $ 94  $ 1,146,899 
Industrial 566,103  94  —  —  566,197 
Office 499,432  —  3,342  —  502,774 
Retail 356,182  —  1,866  —  358,048 
Multi-family 301,377  1,946  —  —  303,323 
Hotels 239,115  9,492  1,662  —  250,269 
Farm 195,409  177  —  59  195,645 
Senior living 22,858  —  148,340  —  171,198 
Other 126,609  260  —  —  126,869 
Total $ 3,438,505  $ 20,415  $ 162,149  $ 153  $ 3,621,222 
December 31, 2022
Owner-occupied $ 1,129,343  $ 632  $ 6,084  $ 130  $ 1,136,189 
Industrial 478,534  —  —  —  478,534 
Office 494,169  3,432  —  —  497,601 
Retail 321,041  —  1,930  —  322,971 
Multi-family 286,202  1,975  19,979  —  308,156 
Hotels 174,558  9,725  46,689  —  230,972 
Farm 195,685  177  —  58  195,920 
Senior living 23,514  —  107,702  1  131,217 
Other 105,144  277  —  —  105,421 
Total $ 3,208,190  $ 16,218  $ 182,384  $ 189  $ 3,406,981 

Revolving Home Equity Loans
The Company had $303.8 million in revolving home equity loans at June 30, 2023 that were generally collateralized by residential real estate. Most of these loans (91.0%) are written with terms requiring interest-only monthly payments. These loans are offered in three main product lines: LTV up to 80%, 80% to 90%, and 90% to 100%. As of June 30, 2023, the outstanding principal of loans with an original LTV higher than 80% was $33.8 million, or 11.1% of the portfolio, compared to $32.4 million as of December 31, 2022. Total revolving home equity loan balances over 30 days past due were $3.5 million at June 30, 2023 and $1.9 million at December 31, 2022, and there were no revolving home equity loans on non-accrual status at June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The weighted average FICO score for the total current portfolio balance is 788. At maturity, the accounts are re-underwritten, and if they qualify under the Company's credit, collateral and capacity policies, the borrower is given the option to renew the line of credit or convert the outstanding balance to an amortizing loan.  If criteria are not met, amortization is required, or the borrower may pay off the loan. During the remainder of 2023 through 2025, approximately 15% of the Company's current outstanding balances are expected to mature. Of these balances, approximately 87% have a FICO score of 700 or higher. The Company does not expect a significant increase in losses as these loans mature, due to their high FICO scores, low LTVs, and low historical loss levels.

Consumer Loans
Within the consumer loan portfolio are several direct and indirect product lines, which include loans for the purchase of automobiles, motorcycles, marine and RVs. Auto loans comprised 39.3% of the consumer loan portfolio at June 30, 2023, and outstanding balances for auto loans were $829.7 million and $798.6 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The balances over 30 days past due amounted to $8.2 million at June 30, 2023 and $9.9 million at December 31, 2022, respectively and comprised 1.0% of the outstanding balances of these loans at June 30, 2023 and 1.2% at December 31, 2022, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, $210.1 million of new auto loans were originated, compared to $153.5 million during the first six months of 2022.  At June 30, 2023, the automobile loan portfolio had a weighted average FICO score of 757, and net charge-offs on auto loans were .4% of average auto loans.

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The Company's consumer loan portfolio also includes fixed rate home equity loans, typically for home repair or remodeling, and these loans comprised 11.3% of the consumer loan portfolio at June 30, 2023. Losses on these loans have historically been low, and the Company saw net recoveries of $29 thousand for the first six months of 2023. Private banking loans comprised 32.9% of the consumer loan portfolio at June 30, 2023. The Company's private banking loans are generally well-collateralized, and at June 30, 2023 were secured primarily by assets held by the Company's trust department. The remaining portion of the Company's consumer loan portfolio is comprised of health services financing, motorcycles, marine and RV loans. Net charge-offs on private banking, health services financing, motorcycle and marine and RV loans totaled $1.0 million in the first six months of 2023 and were .4% of the average balances of these loans at June 30, 2023.

Consumer Credit Card Loans
The Company offers low promotional rates on selected consumer credit card products. Out of a portfolio at June 30, 2023 of $574.8 million in consumer credit card loans outstanding, approximately $110.9 million, or 19.3%, carried a low promotional rate. Within the next six months, $44.1 million of these loans are scheduled to convert to the ongoing higher contractual rate. To mitigate some of the risk involved with this credit card product, the Company performs credit checks and detailed analysis of the customer borrowing profile before approving the loan application. Management believes that the risks in the consumer loan portfolio are reasonable and the anticipated loss ratios are within acceptable parameters.

Oil and Gas Energy Lending
The Company's energy lending portfolio is comprised of lending to the petroleum and natural gas sectors and totaled $238.2 million, or 1.4% of total loans at June 30, 2023, a decrease of $58.3 million from year end 2022, as shown in the table below.

(In thousands)
 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Unfunded commitments at June 30, 2023
Extraction $ 191,884  $ 235,933  $ 160,598 
Mid-stream shipping and storage 26,382  43,432  94,215 
Downstream distribution and refining 10,686  7,675  12,117 
Support activities 9,202  9,387  5,964 
Total energy lending portfolio $ 238,154  $ 296,427  $ 272,894 

Shared National Credits
The Company participates in credits of large, publicly traded companies which are defined by regulation as shared national credits, or SNCs. Regulations define SNCs as loans exceeding $100 million that are shared by three or more financial institutions. The Company typically participates in these loans when business operations are maintained in the local communities or regional markets and opportunities to provide other banking services are present. The balance of SNC loans totaled $1.4 billion at June 30, 2023, compared to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2022. Additional unfunded commitments at June 30, 2023 totaled $2.1 billion.

Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $36.0 million in the second quarter of 2023, compared to $32.8 million in the first quarter of 2023 and $32.0 million in the second quarter of 2022. The Company's effective tax rate, including the effect of non-controlling interest, was 22.0% in the second quarter of 2023, compared to 21.6% in the first quarter of 2023 and 21.7% in the second quarter of 2022.

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Financial Condition
Balance Sheet
Total assets of the Company were $32.8 billion at June 30, 2023 and $31.9 billion at December 31, 2022. Earning assets (excluding the allowance for credit losses on loans and fair value adjustments on debt securities) amounted to $32.5 billion at June 30, 2023 and $31.6 billion at December 31, 2022, and consisted of 52% in loans and 37% in investment securities at June 30, 2023.

At June 30, 2023, total loans increased $653.4 million or 4.0%, compared to balances at December 31, 2022. The increase was mainly due to growth in business, business real estate and construction loans of $244.8 million, $214.2 million, and $90.7 million, respectively. The growth in business loans was mainly the result of increased commercial and industrial lending and higher tax free and lease loan balances. Personal real estate loans increased $62.5 million. Consumer loans, which includes automobile, marine and RV, fixed rate home equity and other consumer loans, increased $51.5 million, due to growth in auto loans and other consumer loans. These increases were slightly offset by a decline in consumer credit card loans of $9.2 million.

Total available for sale debt securities, excluding fair value adjustments, decreased $1.9 billion at June 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. Purchases of securities during this period totaled $87.4 million, offset by sales, maturities and pay downs of $2.0 billion. The decline in investment securities was mainly the result of lower balances of asset-backed securities, state and municipal securities, and agency mortgage-backed securities, which decreased $941.2 million, $563.4 million, and $238.7 million, respectively, at June 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. At June 30, 2023, the duration of the available for sale investment portfolio was 3.9 years, and maturities and pay downs of approximately $2.0 billion are expected to occur during the next 12 months. The Company does not have any investment securities classified as held-to-maturity.

Total deposits at June 30, 2023 amounted to $25.9 billion, a decrease of $318.0 million compared to December 31, 2022. The decline in deposits largely resulted from a decrease in demand deposits, mainly in business demand deposits (decrease of $1.7 billion). Additionally, money market and savings deposit balances decreased $887.4 million and $70.9 million, respectively, while certificate of deposit balances grew $2.3 billion and interest checking balances increased $250.2 million over balances at December 31, 2022. The Company’s borrowings totaled $3.9 billion at June 30, 2023, an increase of $1.0 billion over balances at December 31, 2022, mainly due to an increase in FHLB advances.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity Management
The Company’s most liquid assets are comprised of available for sale debt securities, federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell (resale agreements), and balances at the Federal Reserve Bank, as follows:

(In thousands)
 June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 December 31, 2022
Liquid assets:
  Available for sale debt securities $ 10,414,625  $ 13,700,308  $ 12,238,316 
  Federal funds sold 2,750  26,000  49,505 
  Securities purchased under agreements to resell 825,000  1,450,000  825,000 
  Balances at the Federal Reserve Bank 2,568,695  684,994  389,140 
  Total $ 13,811,070  $ 15,861,302  $ 13,501,961 

The fair value of the available for sale debt portfolio was $10.4 billion at June 30, 2023 and included an unrealized net loss of $1.4 billion. Federal funds sold, which are funds lent to the Company's correspondent bank customers with overnight maturities, totaled $2.8 million as of June 30, 2023. Resale agreements, maturing through 2025, totaled $825.0 million at June 30, 2023. Under these agreements, the Company lends funds to upstream financial institutions and holds marketable securities, safe-kept by a third-party custodian, as collateral, and this collateral totaled $866.8 million in fair value at June 30, 2023. $700.0 million of the Company's resale agreements will mature in the next 12 months. Interest earning balances at the Federal Reserve Bank, which have overnight maturities and are used for general liquidity purposes, totaled $2.6 billion at June 30, 2023 and increased $2.2 billion over December 31, 2022 balances.
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Approximately $2.0 billion of the Company's available for sale debt portfolio is expected to mature or pay down during the next 12 months, and at June 30, 2023, the duration of the Company's available for sale debt securities portfolio was 3.9 years. The Company pledges portions of its investment securities portfolio to secure public fund deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, trust funds, letters of credit issued by the FHLB, and borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank. Total investment securities pledged for these purposes were as follows:

(In thousands)
 June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 December 31, 2022
Investment securities pledged for the purpose of securing:
  Federal Reserve Bank borrowings $ 2,852,481  $ 14,854  $ 11,469 
  FHLB borrowings and letters of credit 315,323  2,405  1,817 
  Securities sold under agreements to repurchase * 2,630,852  2,506,986  2,950,240 
  Other deposits and swaps 2,340,094  2,767,433  1,772,974 
  Total pledged securities 8,138,750  5,291,678  4,736,500 
  Unpledged and available for pledging 2,263,586  7,390,389  6,545,695 
  Ineligible for pledging 12,289  1,018,241  956,121 
  Total available for sale debt securities, at fair value $ 10,414,625  $ 13,700,308  $ 12,238,316 
* Includes securities pledged for collateral swaps, as discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity is also available from the Company's large base of core customer deposits, defined as non-interest bearing, interest checking, savings, and money market deposit accounts. At June 30, 2023, such deposits totaled $22.6 billion and represented 87.4% of total deposits. These core deposits are normally less volatile, as they are often with customer relationships tied to other products offered by the Company, promoting long lasting relationships and stable funding sources. Certificates of deposit of $100,000 and over totaled $1.7 billion at June 30, 2023. These accounts are normally considered more volatile with higher cost and comprised 6.6% of total deposits at June 30, 2023.

(In thousands)
 June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 December 31, 2022
Core deposit base:
 Non-interest bearing $ 8,198,849  $ 11,102,585  $ 10,066,356 
 Interest checking 6,790,331  2,815,600  1,854,336 
 Savings and money market 7,628,643  13,247,464  13,272,645 
 Total $ 22,617,823  $ 27,165,649  $ 25,193,337 

During the second quarter of 2023, the Company added brokered deposits in the form of short-term certificates of deposit less than $100 thousand, and $903.9 million were outstanding at June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2023, the Company's total deposit portfolio was $25.9 billion, compared to $26.2 billion at December 31, 2022. The Company's uninsured deposits were $10.4 billion, or 40.2% of total deposits at June 30, 2023. The Company's uninsured deposits include $2.2 billion of affiliate deposits and collateralized deposits. Excluding those affiliate and collateralized deposits, the Company's uninsured deposits at June 30, 2023 were $8.2 billion, or 31.7% of total deposits.

Other important components of liquidity are the level of borrowings from third party sources and the availability of future credit. The Company's outside borrowings are mainly comprised of federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements, as follows:

(In thousands)
 June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 December 31, 2022
Borrowings:
 Federal funds purchased $ 511,400  $ 7,750  $ 159,860 
 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 2,366,621  2,226,546  2,681,874 
 FHLB advances 1,000,000  —  — 
 Other debt 5,613  6,025  9,672 
 Total $ 3,883,634  $ 2,240,321  $ 2,851,406 

Federal funds purchased are unsecured overnight borrowings obtained mainly from upstream correspondent banks with which the Company maintains approved lines of credit. In addition to the amount accessed as of June 30, 2023, the Company had access to an additional $3.5 billion of overnight, approved federal funds as of that date. Repurchase agreements are borrowings by the Company from its customers in the form of securities sold under agreements to repurchase. These repurchase agreements, which generally mature overnight, are comprised of non-insured customer funds totaling $2.4 billion at June 30, 2023 and are collateralized by securities in the Company's investment portfolio.
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At June 30, 2023, the value of the collateral pledged for the benefit of customers was $2.4 billion. The Company also borrows on a secured basis through advances from the FHLB. The advances are generally short-term, fixed interest rate borrowings. There were $1.0 billion advances outstanding from the FHLB at June 30, 2023.
The Company pledges certain assets, including loans and investment securities, to both the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and the FHLB as security to establish lines of credit and borrow from these entities. Based on the amount and type of collateral pledged, the FHLB establishes a collateral value from which the Company may draw advances against the collateral and enables the FHLB to issue letters of credit in favor of public fund depositors of the Company. The FRB also establishes a collateral value of assets pledged and permits borrowings from the discount window. The following table reflects the collateral value of assets pledged, borrowings, and letters of credit outstanding, in addition to the estimated future funding capacity available to the Company at June 30, 2023.

June 30, 2023
(In thousands)

FHLB
 Federal Reserve

Total
Total collateral value established by FHLB and FRB $ 2,446,938  $ 4,952,458  $ 7,399,396 
Advances outstanding (1,000,000) —  (1,000,000)
Letters of credit issued (327,541) —  (327,541)
Available for future advances $ 1,119,397  $ 4,952,458  $ 6,071,855 

In addition to those mentioned above, several other sources of liquidity are available. No commercial paper has been issued or outstanding during the past ten years. The Company has no subordinated debt or hybrid instruments which could affect future borrowing capacity. Because of its lack of significant long-term debt, the Company believes that through its Capital Markets Group or in other public debt markets, it could generate additional liquidity from sources such as jumbo certificates of deposit or privately placed corporate notes or other forms of debt. The Company receives strong outside ratings from both Standard & Poor's and Moody's on both the consolidated company level and its subsidiary bank, Commerce Bank, which would support future financing efforts, should the need arise. These ratings are as follows:

Standard & Poor’s Moody’s
Commerce Bancshares, Inc.
Issuer rating A-
Rating outlook Stable
Commerce Bank
Issuer rating A A2
Baseline credit assessment a1
Short-term rating A-1 P-1
Rating outlook Stable Stable

The cash flows from the operating, investing and financing activities of the Company resulted in a net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $2.0 billion during the first six months of 2023, as reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows in this report. Operating activities, consisting mainly of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items, provided cash flow of $220.9 million and has historically been a stable source of funds. Investing activities, which occur mainly in the loan and investment securities portfolios, provided cash of $1.1 billion. Activity in the investment securities portfolio provided cash of $1.9 billion from sales, maturities, and pay downs (net of purchases), but this increase in investing cash flows was partially offset by growth in the loan portfolio, which used cash of $666.7 million. Financing activities provided cash of $678.8 million, largely resulting from borrowings, including FHLB advances during the first six months of 2023 which increased financing cash flows by $2.3 billion. Partly offsetting this cash inflow were repayments of $1.3 billion of FHLB borrowings and decreases of $249.4 million in deposits.

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Capital Management
The Company met all capital adequacy requirements and had regulatory capital ratios in excess of the levels established for well-capitalized institutions at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, as shown in the following table.

(Dollars in thousands) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Minimum Ratios under Capital Adequacy Guidelines
 Minimum Ratios
for
Well-Capitalized
Banks *
Risk-adjusted assets $ 24,144,821  $ 24,178,423 
Tier I common risk-based capital 3,561,233  3,417,223 
Tier I risk-based capital 3,561,233  3,417,223 
Total risk-based capital 3,749,447  3,600,920 
Tier I common risk-based capital ratio 14.75  % 14.13  % 7.00  % 6.50  %
Tier I risk-based capital ratio 14.75  14.13  8.50  8.00 
Total risk-based capital ratio 15.53  14.89  10.50  10.00 
Tier I leverage ratio 10.46  10.34  4.00  5.00 
*Under Prompt Corrective Action requirements

The Company is subject to a 2.5% capital conservation buffer, which is an amount above the minimum ratios under capital adequacy guidelines, and is required under Basel III. The capital conservation buffer is intended to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Failure to maintain the buffer will result in constraints on dividends, share repurchases, and executive compensation.

In the first quarter of 2020, the interim final rule of the Federal Reserve Bank and other U.S. banking agencies became effective, providing banks that adopt CECL (ASU 2016-13) during the 2020 calendar year the option to delay recognizing the estimated impact on regulatory capital until after a two year deferral period, followed by a three year transition period. In connection with the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, the Company elected to utilize this option. As a result, the two year deferral period for the Company extended through December 31, 2021. Beginning on January 1, 2022, the Company began to phase in 25% of the previously deferred estimated capital impact of CECL, with an additional 25% to be phased in at the beginning of each subsequent year until fully phased in by the first quarter of 2025.

The Company maintains a treasury stock buyback program under authorizations by its Board of Directors (the Board) and normally purchases stock in the open market. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company purchased 553,586 shares at an average price of $65.78 in open market purchases and through stock-based compensation transactions. At June 30, 2023, 2,558,472 shares remained available for purchase under the current Board authorization.

The Company's common stock dividend policy reflects its earnings outlook, desired payout ratios, the need to maintain adequate capital and liquidity levels, and alternative investment options. The Company paid a $.270 per share cash dividend on its common stock in the second quarter of 2023, which was a 7.1% increase compared to its 2022 quarterly dividend.

Material Cash Requirements, Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contingencies
The Company's material cash requirements include commitments for contractual obligations (both short-term and long-term), commitments to extend credit, and off-balance sheet arrangements. The Company's material cash requirements for the next 12 months are primarily to fund loan commitments, deposit maturities and deposit withdrawals that may occur; repay borrowings; and fund loan growth. Other contractual obligations, purchase commitments, lease obligations, and unfunded commitments may require cash payments by the Company, and these are further discussed in the Company's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Further discussion of the Company's longer-term material cash obligations and sources for fulfilling those obligations is below.

Events impacting the banking industry during the first few months of 2023, including the failure of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank, have resulted in decreased confidence in banks among consumer and commercial customers, investors, and other counterparties. Additionally, rapidly rising interest rates have resulted in unrealized losses in the Company's available for sale debt securities portfolio. In response to these industry events, the Company sought additional borrowings of $1.3 billion during the first quarter of 2023, and as a result, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $1.5 billion from the FHLB as of March 31, 2023. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company initially borrowed an additional $500.0 million but subsequently repaid $1.0 billion of its FHLB borrowings, resulting in $1.0 billion of FHLB borrowings outstanding as of June 30, 2023.
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Additionally, the Company added short-term brokered certificates of deposit during the second quarter of 2023 to provide additional liquidity. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had $903.9 million of brokered deposits that are scheduled to mature prior to December 31, 2023. Other than the repayment of these additional borrowings and deposits, the Company’s material cash requirements have not changed significantly since December 31, 2022. Further discussion of the Company's longer-term material cash obligations and sources for fulfilling those obligations is below.

In the normal course of business, various commitments and contingent liabilities arise which are not required to be recorded on the balance sheet. The most significant of these are loan commitments, which at June 30, 2023 totaled $14.2 billion (including $5.2 billion in unused, approved credit card lines). In addition, the Company enters into standby and commercial letters of credit. These contracts totaled $590.3 million (net of conveyances to other institutions) and $5.7 million, respectively, at June 30, 2023. As many commitments expire unused or only partially used, these totals do not necessarily reflect future cash requirements. The carrying value of the guarantee obligations associated with the standby letters of credit, which has been recorded as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet, amounted to $4.2 million at June 30, 2023. The allowance for these commitments is recorded in the Company’s liability for unfunded lending commitments within other liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets. At June 30, 2023, the liability for unfunded commitments totaled $29.2 million. See further discussion of the liability for unfunded lending commitments in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company regularly purchases various state tax credits arising from third party property redevelopment. These credits are either resold to third parties at a profit or retained for use by the Company. During the first six months of 2023, purchases and sales of tax credits amounted to $55.5 million and $15.3 million, respectively. Fees from sales of tax credits were $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $2.7 million in the same period last year. At June 30, 2023, the Company expected to fund outstanding purchase commitments of $91.4 million during the remainder of 2023.

The Company continued to maintain a strong liquidity position throughout the first six months of 2023. Through the various sources of liquidity described above, the Company maintains a liquidity position that it believes will adequately satisfy its financial obligations.

Segment Results
The table below is a summary of segment pre-tax income results for the first six months of 2023 and 2022.


(Dollars in thousands)
Consumer
Commercial
Wealth
Segment
Totals
Other/ Elimination
Consolidated Totals
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Net interest income $ 198,406  $ 232,628  $ 34,564  $ 465,598  $ 35,563  $ 501,161 
Provision for credit losses (12,736) (483) (13) (13,232) (4,695) (17,927)
Non-interest income 49,834  123,093  107,457  280,384  4,833  285,217 
Investment securities gains (losses), net —  —  —  —  3,086  3,086 
Non-interest expense (160,757) (192,050) (80,108) (432,915) (18,803) (451,718)
Income before income taxes $ 74,747  $ 163,188  $ 61,900  $ 299,835  $ 19,984  $ 319,819 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Net interest income $ 177,379  $ 219,135  $ 38,091  $ 434,605  $ 6,566  $ 441,171 
Provision for credit losses (8,413) (145) (3) (8,561) 11,257  2,696 
Non-interest income 54,755  110,466  107,189  272,410  (1,214) 271,196 
Investment securities gains (losses), net —  —  —  —  8,192  8,192 
Non-interest expense (152,453) (180,822) (72,779) (406,054) (13,099) (419,153)
Income before income taxes $ 71,268  $ 148,634  $ 72,498  $ 292,400  $ 11,702  $ 304,102 
Increase (decrease) in income before income taxes:
   Amount $ 3,479  $ 14,554  $ (10,598) $ 7,435  $ 8,282  $ 15,717 
   Percent 4.9  % 9.8  % (14.6  %) 2.5  % 70.8  % 5.2  %
Consumer
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, income before income taxes for the Consumer segment increased $3.5 million, or 4.9%, compared to the first six months of 2022. The increase in income before income taxes was mainly due to an increase in net interest income of $21.0 million, or 11.9%, partly offset by a decrease in non-interest income of $4.9 million, or 9.0%, and higher non-interest expense of $8.3 million, or 5.4%. Net interest income increased due to a $13.7 million increase in net allocated funding credits assigned to the Consumer segment's loan and deposit portfolios and a $20.8 million increase in loan interest income.
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These increases were partly offset by higher deposit interest expense of $13.5 million. Non-interest income decreased mainly due to lower deposit account fees (mainly overdraft and return item fees) and mortgage banking revenue, partly offset by growth in net debit card fees. Non-interest expense increased over the same period in the previous year mainly due to higher salaries and benefits expense, FDIC insurance expense and allocated support costs for consumer administration and operations, partly offset by lower marketing expense. The provision for credit losses totaled $12.7 million, a $4.3 million increase over the first six months of 2022, mainly due to higher credit card, personal and overdraft loan net charge-offs.

Commercial
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, income before income taxes for the Commercial segment increased $14.6 million, or 9.8%, compared to the same period in the previous year. This increase was mainly due to growth in net interest income and non-interest income, partly offset by higher non-interest expense. Net interest income increased $13.5 million, or 6.2%, mainly due to higher loan interest income of $154.1 million. This increase was partly offset by lower net allocated funding credits of $61.4 million and increases of $48.6 million in deposit interest expense and $31.3 million in interest expense on customer repurchase agreements. Non-interest income increased $12.6 million, or 11.4%, over the previous year mainly due to growth in net bank card fees (mainly corporate card fees), deposit account fees (mainly corporate cash management fees), letters of credit fees and cash sweep commissions, partly offset by a decline in capital market fees. Non-interest expense increased $11.2 million, or 6.2%, mainly due to higher salaries and benefits expense, FDIC insurance expense and allocated service and support costs (mainly bank operations and commercial products and payments). These increases were partly offset by lower allocated support costs for information technology. The provision for credit losses increased $338 thousand over the same period last year, mainly due to higher commercial credit card and overdraft loan net charge-offs.

Wealth
Wealth segment pre-tax profitability for the six months ended June 30, 2023 decreased $10.6 million, or 14.6%, from the same period in the previous year. Net interest income decreased $3.5 million, or 9.3%, mainly due to a $14.2 million decline in net allocated funding credits and an $8.7 million increase in deposit interest expense, partly offset by a $19.4 million increase in loan interest income. Non-interest income increased $268 thousand, or .3%, over the prior year largely due to higher cash sweep commissions, partly offset by lower private client and institutional trust fees. Non-interest expense increased $7.3 million, or 10.1%, mainly due to higher salaries and benefits expense and the deconversion costs previously mentioned. The provision for credit losses increased $10 thousand over the same period last year.

The Other/Elimination category in the preceding table includes the activity of various support and overhead operating units of the Company, in addition to the investment securities portfolio, brokered deposits, and other items not allocated to the segments. In accordance with the Company’s transfer pricing procedures, the difference between the total provision for credit losses and total net charge-offs/recoveries is not allocated to a business segment and is included in this category. The pre-tax profitability of this category was $8.3 million higher than in the same period last year. Unallocated securities gains were $3.1 million in the first six months of 2023 compared to gains of $8.2 million in 2022. Also, the unallocated provision for credit losses increased $16.0 million, primarily driven by an increase in the provision for credit losses on loans, partly offset by a decrease in the liability for unfunded lending commitments, which are both not allocated to the segments for management reporting purposes. Net charge-offs are allocated to the segments when incurred for management reporting purposes. The provision for credit losses on loans in the first six months of 2023 was $21.8 million, or $8.5 million higher than net charge-offs due to an increase in the allowance for credit losses on loans. In the comparable period last year, the provision for credit losses on loans was a benefit of $3.4 million, or $12.0 million lower than net charge-offs, due to a decrease in the allowance for credit losses on loans. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company's provision on unfunded lending commitments was a benefit of $3.9 million. Additionally, non-interest expense decreased $5.7 million. These decreases to pre-tax profitability were offset by higher net interest income of $29.0 million, and non-interest income of $6.0 million.


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Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Reference Rate Reform The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting", in March 2020, and has been followed by additional clarifying guidance related to derivatives that are modified as a result of reference rate reform. The guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if they reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. Further, the guidance applies to derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions provided by the new guidance do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated for effectiveness after December 31, 2022, except for certain hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06 which extended the sunset date under Topic 848 to December 31, 2024. The change is to align the temporary accounting relief guidance with the expected cessation date of LIBOR, which was postponed by administrators in 2021 to June 2023, a year after the current sunset date of ASU 2020-04. The Company's LIBOR Transition Steering Committee completed the Company's transition from LIBOR during the first half of 2023.
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AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS — AVERAGE RATES AND YIELDS
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
 
Second Quarter 2023
Second Quarter 2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Average Balance
Interest Income/Expense
Avg. Rates Earned/Paid
 Average Balance Interest Income/Expense Avg. Rates Earned/Paid
ASSETS:
Loans:
Business(A)
 $ 5,757,388  $ 80,040  5.58  % $ 5,385,181  $ 42,402  3.16  %
Real estate — construction and land 1,450,196  28,645  7.92  1,225,267  12,489  4.09 
Real estate — business 3,540,851  52,626  5.96  3,163,508  29,173  3.70 
Real estate — personal 2,960,962  27,139  3.68  2,825,578  23,043  3.27 
Consumer 2,098,523  29,454  5.63  2,070,560  18,697  3.62 
Revolving home equity 300,623  5,661  7.55  272,280  2,507  3.69 
Consumer credit card 555,875  19,088  13.77  537,681  15,170  11.32 
Overdrafts 4,630  —  —  5,524  — —
Total loans 16,669,048  242,653  5.84  15,485,579  143,481  3.72 
Loans held for sale 5,957  151  10.17  7,933  161  8.14 
Investment securities:
U.S. government and federal agency obligations 1,035,651  8,842  3.42  1,119,305  13,770  4.93 
Government-sponsored enterprise obligations 55,751  331  2.38  55,762  332  2.39 
State and municipal obligations(A)
 1,532,519  7,809  2.04  2,126,380  12,189  2.30 
Mortgage-backed securities 6,316,224  32,930  2.09  7,158,252  35,602  1.99 
Asset-backed securities 2,827,911  14,666  2.08  4,038,113  13,612  1.35 
Other debt securities 519,988  2,413  1.86  643,463  3,157  1.97 
Trading debt securities(A)
 46,493  525  4.53  43,904  269  2.46 
Equity securities(A)
 12,335  715  23.25  9,094  610  26.90 
Other securities(A)
 273,587  6,409  9.40  195,090  10,886  22.38 
Total investment securities 12,620,459  74,640  2.37  15,389,363  90,427  2.36 
Federal funds sold 7,484  105  5.63  4,269  19  1.79 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 824,974  4,099  1.99  1,703,569  4,385  1.03 
Interest earning deposits with banks 2,284,162  29,254  5.14  1,248,942  2,428  .78 
Total interest earning assets 32,412,084  350,902  4.34  33,839,655  240,901  2.86 
Allowance for credit losses on loans (159,068) (134,670)
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities (1,331,002) (851,110)
Cash and due from banks 309,789  315,352 
Premises and equipment, net 449,030  401,663 
Other assets 1,182,521  521,478 
Total assets $ 32,863,354  $ 34,092,368 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY:
Interest bearing deposits:
Savings $ 1,516,887  186  .05  $ 1,609,694  157  .04 
Interest checking and money market 12,918,399  29,860  .93  14,847,306  2,121  .06 
Certificates of deposit of less than $100,000 1,075,110  10,125  3.78  411,655  205  .20 
Certificates of deposit of $100,000 and over 1,472,208  14,416  3.93  648,728  470  .29 
Total interest bearing deposits 16,982,604  54,587  1.29  17,517,383  2,953  .07 
Borrowings:
Federal funds purchased $ 507,165  $ 6,397  5.06  113,128  $ 224  .79 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 2,206,612  17,014  3.09  2,258,184  2,702  .48 
Other borrowings(B)
 1,617,952  21,147  5.24  2,029  12  2.37 
Total borrowings 4,331,729  44,558  4.13  2,373,341  2,938  .50 
Total interest bearing liabilities 21,314,333  99,145  1.87  % 19,890,724  5,891  .12  %
Non-interest bearing deposits 8,224,475  11,209,680 
Other liabilities 598,915  139,986 
Equity 2,725,631  2,851,978 
Total liabilities and equity $ 32,863,354  $ 34,092,368 
Net interest margin (FTE) $ 251,757  $ 235,010 
Net yield on interest earning assets 3.12  % 2.79  %
(A) Stated on a fully taxable-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21%.
(B) Interest expense capitalized on construction projects is not deducted from the interest expense shown above.
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AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS — AVERAGE RATES AND YIELDS
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Six Months 2023
Six Months 2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Average Balance
Interest Income/Expense
Avg. Rates Earned/Paid
 Average Balance Interest Income/Expense Avg. Rates Earned/Paid
ASSETS:
Loans:
Business(A)
 $ 5,707,026  $ 154,077  5.44  % $ 5,354,845  $ 80,818  3.04  %
Real estate — construction and land 1,430,624  54,131  7.63  1,180,334  23,015  3.93 
Real estate — business 3,509,789  101,070  5.81  3,129,477  54,974  3.54 
Real estate — personal 2,947,431  53,225  3.64  2,817,325  45,739  3.27 
Consumer 2,083,040  56,514  5.47  2,055,464  36,781  3.61 
Revolving home equity 298,696  10,807  7.30  273,065  4,854  3.58 
Consumer credit card 556,048  37,845  13.72  539,254  30,300  11.33 
Overdrafts 4,540  —  —  5,352  —  — 
Total loans 16,537,194  467,669  5.70  15,355,116  276,481  3.63 
Loans held for sale 5,833  296  10.23  8,654  311  7.25 
Investment securities:  
U.S. government and federal agency obligations 1,067,184  13,980  2.64  1,111,570  23,087  4.19 
Government-sponsored enterprise obligations 71,332  1,021  2.89  53,777  630  2.36 
State and municipal obligations(A)
 1,662,416  17,803  2.16  2,102,125  23,897  2.29 
Mortgage-backed securities 6,384,934  65,760  2.08  7,236,993  71,372  1.99 
Asset-backed securities 3,029,713  30,707  2.04  3,985,877  24,596  1.24 
Other debt securities 524,440  4,936  1.90  639,875  6,291  1.98 
Trading debt securities(A)
 46,127  1,043  4.56  42,304  454  2.16 
Equity securities(A)
 12,396  1,429  23.25  9,295  1,219  26.45 
Other securities(A)
 251,848  10,438  8.36  193,708  13,688  14.25 
Total investment securities 13,050,390  147,117  2.27  15,375,524  165,234  2.17 
Federal funds sold 23,144  594  5.18  2,670  20  1.51 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 824,987  8,051  1.97  1,718,644  9,685  1.14 
Interest earning deposits with banks 1,551,121  38,590  5.02  1,924,731  3,579  .37 
Total interest earning assets 31,992,669  662,317  4.17  34,385,339  455,310  2.67 
Allowance for credit losses on loans (154,617) (142,136)
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities (1,358,944) (514,573)
Cash and due from banks 311,895  327,728 
Premises and equipment, net 440,208  404,317 
Other assets 908,403  539,219 
Total assets $ 32,139,614  $ 34,999,894 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY:
Interest bearing deposits:
Savings $ 1,533,459  379  .05  $ 1,586,522  335  .04 
Interest checking and money market 13,090,983  49,818  .77  14,898,234  3,703  .05 
Certificates of deposit of less than $100,000 747,061  11,550  3.12  420,703  344  .16 
Certificates of deposit of $100,000 and over 1,189,372  21,043  3.57  754,890  897  .24 
Total interest bearing deposits 16,560,875  82,790  1.01  17,660,349  5,279  .06 
Borrowings:
Federal funds purchased $ 500,480  $ 11,983  4.83  $ 68,490  231  .68 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 2,312,083  34,509  3.01  2,484,071  3,384  .27 
Other borrowings(B)
 1,087,556  27,867  5.17  1,402  13  1.87 
Total borrowings 3,900,119  74,359  3.84  2,553,963  3,628  .29 
Total interest bearing liabilities 20,460,994  157,149  1.55  % 20,214,312  8,907  .09  %
Non-interest bearing deposits 8,667,035  11,376,265 
Other liabilities 356,829  321,805 
Equity 2,654,756  3,087,512 
Total liabilities and equity $ 32,139,614  $ 34,999,894 
Net interest margin (FTE) $ 505,168  $ 446,403 
Net yield on interest earning assets 3.18  % 2.62  %
(A) Stated on a fully taxable-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21%.
(B) Interest expense capitalized on construction projects is not deducted from the interest expense shown above.

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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest rate risk management focuses on maintaining consistent growth in net interest income within Board-approved policy limits. The Company primarily uses earnings simulation models to analyze net interest income sensitivity to movement in interest rates. The Company performs monthly simulations that model interest rate movements and risk in accordance with changes to its balance sheet composition. For further discussion of the Company’s market risk, see the Interest Rate Sensitivity section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The table below shows the effects of gradual shifts in interest rates over a twelve month period on the Company’s net interest income versus the Company's net interest income in a flat rate scenario.  The simulation presents three rising rate scenarios and three falling rate scenarios, and in these scenarios, rates are assumed to change evenly over 12 months, while the balance sheet remains flat.

The Company utilizes this simulation both for monitoring interest rate risk and for liquidity planning purposes.  While the future effects of rising and falling rates on deposit balances cannot be known, the Company maintains a practice of running multiple rate scenarios, when relevant, to better understand interest rate risk and its effect on the Company’s performance.  In previous quarters, the Company modeled alternate scenarios with deposit attrition as rates rose.

June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023
 (Dollars in millions)
$ Change in
Net Interest
Income
% Change in
Net Interest
Income
Assumed Deposit (Attrition)/Growth
$ Change in
Net Interest
Income
% Change in
Net Interest
Income
Assumed Deposit (Attrition)/Growth
300 basis points rising $ (30.9) (3.09) % $ —  $ (7.6) (.75) % $ — 
200 basis points rising (24.4) (2.44) —  (6.5) (.63) — 
100 basis points rising (11.1) (1.11) —  (1.3) (.13) — 
100 basis points falling $ (3.3) (.33) $ —  (16.0) (1.56) — 
200 basis points falling (16.6) (1.66) —  (40.1) (3.92) — 
300 basis points falling (34.3) (3.43) —  (66.5) (6.49) — 

Under the simulation, in the three rising rate scenarios and three falling rate scenarios, interest rate risk is more negative in the rising rate scenarios and less negative in the falling rate scenarios than the previous quarter. This was primarily due to a decrease in core deposits, which are less rate sensitive, and an increase in wholesale funding with higher rates, which is more rate sensitive.

The comparison above provides insight into potential effects of changes in rates and deposit levels on net interest income.  The Company believes that its approach to interest rate risk has appropriately considered its susceptibility to both rising and falling rates and has adopted strategies which minimize the impact of interest rate risk.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of June 30, 2023. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective. There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information required by this item is set forth in Part I, Item 1 under Note 17, Legal and Regulatory Proceedings.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, the Company's business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially impacted by the risks that are discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, for the year ended December 31, 2022. The risk factors set forth below update, and should be read together with, such risk factors.

Liquidity and Capital Risks

Adverse developments affecting the banking industry, such as recent bank failures or concerns involving liquidity, may have material adverse effects on the Company’s operations.

Events impacting the banking industry during the first few months of 2023, including the failure of Silicon Valley Bank in March, have resulted in decreased confidence in regional banks among deposit customers, investors, and other counterparties. Additionally, these events have caused significant disruption, volatility and reduced valuations of equity and other securities of banks in the capital markets. These events occurred during a period of rapidly rising interest rates, which, among other things, has resulted in unrealized losses in the Company's available for sale debt securities portfolio and increased competition for bank deposits. These events have, and could continue to have, adverse impacts on the market price and volatility of the Company’s stock. These events could also lead to increases in the Company’s interest expense, as it has raised and may continue to raise interest rates paid to depositors in order to compete with other banks, and in an effort to replace deposits, seek borrowings which carry higher interest rates.

Recent bank failures have caused concern and uncertainty regarding the liquidity adequacy of the banking sector as a whole and resulted in some regional bank customers choosing to maintain deposits with larger financial institutions. A significant reduction in the Company’s deposits could materially, adversely impact the Company’s liquidity, ability to fund loans, and results of operations. In addition to customer deposits, the Company borrows on an overnight and short-term basis from third parties in the form of federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements and through lines of credit and borrowings from the FHLB and FRB. If the Company is not able to access borrowings through those facilities due to an increase in demand from other banks or due to insufficient levels of pledgeable assets, its ability to borrow funds may be materially adversely impacted.

The Company could recognize losses on securities held in its securities portfolio, particularly if it were to sell a significant portion of its investments prior to maturity.

The Company maintains a portfolio of investments, which includes available for sale debt securities, trading securities, equity securities, and other investments. At June 30, 2023, the Company did not hold any investments classified as held-to-maturity. The Company's available for sale debt securities portfolio is carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses carried in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within shareholder's equity. The fair value of investments, including available for sale debt investments, may change with changes in interest rates, credit concerns, or other economic factors. Due to the rapid rise of interest rates during 2022 and early 2023, the fair value of the Company's available of sale debt securities included a net unrealized loss of $1.4 billion at June 30, 2023. Although as of June 30, 2023, the Company has the intent and ability to maintain its available for sale debt investments until maturity, if in the future the Company were to elect to sell or needed to sell the investments before their maturity, the Company could realize significant losses in its income statement.

Any changes to regulations, regulatory policies, laws, or supervisory or enforcement activities arising from the recent events in the banking industry could increase the Company’s expenses and adversely impact the Company’s operations.

In addition to operational impacts to the Company, the recent events in the banking industry may also result in changes to the laws and regulations governing banks and bank holding companies. As part of the financial services industry, the Company is subject to extensive federal and state regulation and supervision. Changes to regulations, regulatory policies, laws, or supervisory or enforcement activities could affect the Company in substantial and adverse ways, including limiting the services and products the Company may offer, restrict the Company’s ability to pay dividends, result in the Company incurring higher costs, or subject the Company to higher capital requirements. Inability to access short-term funding, loss of client deposits or changes in our credit ratings could increase the cost of funding, limit access to capital markets or negatively impact the Company’s overall liquidity or capitalization.
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The Company may be impacted by concerns regarding the soundness or creditworthiness of other financial institutions, which can cause disruption within the financial markets and increased expenses. The cost of resolving the recent bank failures may also prompt the FDIC to increase its premiums above the recently increased levels or to issue additional special assessments, which would likely increase expenses and negatively impact net income.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table sets forth information about the Company's purchases of its $5 par value common stock, its only class of common stock registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 
 
 
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased
 Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of Publicly Announced Program
 Maximum Number that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
April 1 - 30, 2023 2,907  $ 56.11  2,907  2,561,770 
May 1 - 31, 2023 662  $ 49.79  662  2,561,108 
June 1 - 30, 2023 2,636  $ 49.45  2,636  2,558,472 
Total 6,205  $ 52.61  6,205  2,558,472 

The Company's stock purchases shown above were made under authorizations by the Board of Directors. Under the most recent authorization in April 2022 of 5,000,000 shares, 2,558,472 shares remained available for purchase at June 30, 2023.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of our officers or directors adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”

Item 6. EXHIBITS
The exhibits filed as part of this report and exhibits incorporated herein by reference to other documents are listed below.

10.1 - Commerce Bancshares, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan amended and restated as of April 19, 2023, was filed in current report on Form 8-K (Commission File number 1-36502) dated April 25, 2023, and the same is hereby incorporated by reference.

10.2 - Commerce Bancshares, Inc. Executive Incentive Compensation Plan amended and restated as of April 19, 2023, was filed in current report on Form 8-K (Commission File number 1-36502) dated April 25, 2023, and the same is hereby incorporated by reference.

31.1 — Certification of CEO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2 — Certification of CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32 — Certifications of CEO and CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101 — Interactive data files in Inline XBRL pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail. The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

104 — Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

74
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

COMMERCE BANCSHARES, INC.
By 
/s/  MARGARET M. ROWE
Margaret M. Rowe
Date: August 4, 2023
Vice President & Secretary


By  /s/  PAUL A. STEINER
Paul A. Steiner
Controller
Date: August 4, 2023
(Chief Accounting Officer)



75
EX-31.1 2 cbsh6302023ex311.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, John W. Kemper, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Commerce Bancshares, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ JOHN W. KEMPER
John W. Kemper
President and
Chief Executive Officer
August 4, 2023
        
            




EX-31.2 3 cbsh6302023ex312.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Charles G. Kim, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Commerce Bancshares, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ CHARLES G. KIM
Charles G. Kim
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
August 4, 2023
            
        
            



EX-32 4 cbsh6302023ex32.htm EX-32 Document

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Commerce Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), we, John W. Kemper and Charles G. Kim, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively, of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of our knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
/s/ JOHN W. KEMPER
John W. Kemper
Chief Executive Officer
/s/ CHARLES G. KIM
Charles G. Kim
Chief Financial Officer
August 4, 2023

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.