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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended Commission file
June 30, 2023 number 1-5805
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 13-2624428
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		 (I.R.S. employer
identification no.)
383 Madison Avenue,
New York, New York 10179
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 270-6000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock JPM The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 5.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series DD
 JPM PR D The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 6.00% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series EE
 JPM PR C The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series GG
 JPM PR J The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.55% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series JJ JPM PR K The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series LL
JPM PR L
 The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.20% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series MM JPM PR M The New York Stock Exchange
Alerian MLP Index ETNs due May 24, 2024 AMJ NYSE Arca, Inc.
Guarantee of Callable Fixed Rate Notes due June 10, 2032 of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
 JPM/32 The New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2023: 2,906,085,273


FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
2

JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated financial highlights (unaudited)
As of or for the period ended, (in millions, except per share, ratio, headcount data and where otherwise noted) Six months ended June 30,
2Q23 1Q23 4Q22 3Q22 2Q22 2023 2022
Selected income statement data
Total net revenue $ 41,307  $ 38,349  $ 34,547  $ 32,716  $ 30,715  $ 79,656  $ 61,432 
Total noninterest expense 20,822  20,107  19,022  19,178  18,749  40,929  37,940 
Pre-provision profit(a)
 20,485  18,242  15,525  13,538  11,966  38,727  23,492 
Provision for credit losses 2,899  2,275  2,288  1,537  1,101  5,174  2,564 
Income before income tax expense 17,586  15,967  13,237  12,001  10,865  33,553  20,928 
Income tax expense 3,114  3,345  2,229  2,264  2,216  6,459  3,997 
Net income
 $ 14,472  $ 12,622  $ 11,008  $ 9,737  $ 8,649  $ 27,094  $ 16,931 
Earnings per share data
Net income:     Basic
 $ 4.76  $ 4.11  $ 3.58  $ 3.13  $ 2.77  $ 8.86  $ 5.40 
         Diluted 4.75  4.10  3.57  3.12  2.76  8.85  5.39 
Average shares: Basic 2,943.8  2,968.5  2,962.9  2,961.2  2,962.2  2,956.1  2,969.6 
         Diluted 2,948.3  2,972.7  2,967.1  2,965.4  2,966.3  2,960.5  2,973.7 
Market and per common share data
Market capitalization 422,661  380,803  393,484  306,520  330,237  422,661  330,237 
Common shares at period-end 2,906.1  2,922.3  2,934.3  2,933.2  2,932.6  2,906.1  2,932.6 
Book value per share 98.11  94.34  90.29  87.00  86.38  98.11  86.38 
Tangible book value per share (“TBVPS”)(a)
 79.90  76.69  73.12  69.90  69.53  79.90  69.53 
Cash dividends declared per share 1.00  1.00  1.00  1.00  1.00  2.00  2.00 
Selected ratios and metrics
Return on common equity (“ROE”)(b)
 20  % 18  % 16  % 15  % 13  % 19  % 13  %
Return on tangible common equity (“ROTCE”)(a)(b)
 25  23  20  18  17  24  16 
Return on assets(b)
 1.51  1.38  1.16  1.01  0.89  1.45  0.87 
Overhead ratio 50  52  55  59  61  51  62 
Loans-to-deposits ratio 54  47  49  46  45  54  45 
Firm Liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”) (average)(c)
 112  114  112  113  110  112  110 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. LCR (average)(c)
 129  140  151  165  169  129  169 
Common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital ratio(d)
 13.8  13.8  13.2  12.5  12.2  13.8  12.2 
Tier 1 capital ratio(d)
 15.4  15.4  14.9  14.1  14.1  15.4  14.1 
Total capital ratio(d)
 17.3  17.4  16.8  16.0  15.7  17.3  15.7 
Tier 1 leverage ratio(c)(d)
 6.9  6.9  6.6  6.2  6.2  6.9  6.2 
Supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”)(c)(d)
 5.8  5.9  5.6  5.3  5.3  5.8  5.3 
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Trading assets $ 636,996  $ 578,892  $ 453,799  $ 506,487  $ 465,577  $ 636,996  $ 465,577 
Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses 612,203  610,075  631,162  618,246  663,718  612,203  663,718 
Loans 1,300,069  1,128,896  1,135,647  1,112,633  1,104,155  1,300,069  1,104,155 
Total assets 3,868,240  3,744,305  3,665,743  3,773,884  3,841,314  3,868,240  3,841,314 
Deposits 2,398,962  2,377,253  2,340,179  2,408,615  2,471,544  2,398,962  2,471,544 
Long-term debt 364,078  295,489  295,865  287,473  288,212  364,078  288,212 
Common stockholders’ equity 285,112  275,678  264,928  255,180  253,305  285,112  253,305 
Total stockholders’ equity 312,516  303,082  292,332  288,018  286,143  312,516  286,143 
Headcount 300,066 
(e)
 296,877  293,723  288,474  278,494  300,066 
(e)
 278,494 
Credit quality metrics
Allowances for credit losses $ 24,288  $ 22,774  $ 22,204  $ 20,797  $ 20,019  $ 24,288  $ 20,019 
Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans 1.75  % 1.85  % 1.81  % 1.70  % 1.69  % 1.75  % 1.69  %
Nonperforming assets $ 7,838  $ 7,418  $ 7,247  $ 7,243  $ 7,845  $ 7,838  $ 7,845 
Net charge-offs 1,411  1,137  887  727  657  2,548  1,239 
Net charge-off rate 0.47  % 0.43  % 0.33  % 0.27  % 0.25  % 0.45  % 0.24  %
As of and for the period ended June 30, 2023, the results of the Firm include the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 and Note 28 for additional information.
(a)Pre-provision profit, TBVPS and ROTCE are each non-GAAP financial measures. Tangible common equity (“TCE”) is also a non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 20-21 for a further discussion of these measures.
(b)Quarterly ratios are based upon annualized amounts.
(c)For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the percentage represents average ratios for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(d)The ratios reflect the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) capital transition provisions. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53 of this Form 10-Q and pages 86-96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
(e)Excluded 5,132 individuals associated with the First Republic acquisition who became employees effective July 2, 2023.
3

INTRODUCTION
The following is Management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”) for the second quarter of 2023.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the second quarter of 2023 (“Form 10-Q”) should be read together with JPMorgan Chase’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”). Refer to the Glossary of terms and acronyms and line of business metrics on pages 200–208 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout this Form 10-Q.
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management, speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Refer to Forward-looking Statements on page 95 of this Form 10-Q; Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors on pages 9-32 of the 2022 Form 10-K; and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors on page 209 of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of certain of those risks and uncertainties and the factors that could cause JPMorgan Chase’s actual results to differ materially because of those risks and uncertainties. There is no assurance that actual results will be in line with any outlook information set forth herein, and the Firm does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements.
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading financial services firm based in the United States of America (“U.S.”), with operations worldwide. JPMorgan Chase had $3.9 trillion in assets and $312.5 billion in stockholders’ equity as of June 30, 2023. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. Under the J.P. Morgan and Chase brands, the Firm serves millions of customers, predominantly in the U.S., and many of the world’s most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients globally.
JPMorgan Chase’s principal bank subsidiary is JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.”), a national banking association with U.S. branches in 48 states and Washington, D.C. JPMorgan Chase’s principal non-bank subsidiary is J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“J.P. Morgan Securities”), a U.S. broker-dealer. The bank and non-bank subsidiaries of JPMorgan Chase operate nationally as well as through overseas branches and subsidiaries, representative offices and subsidiary foreign banks. The Firm’s principal operating subsidiaries outside the U.S. are J.P. Morgan Securities plc and J.P. Morgan SE (“JPMSE”), which are subsidiaries of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and are based in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and Germany, respectively.
For management reporting purposes, the Firm’s activities are organized into four major reportable business segments, as well as a Corporate segment. The Firm’s consumer business segment is Consumer & Community Banking (“CCB”). The Firm’s wholesale business segments are the Corporate & Investment Bank (“CIB”), Commercial Banking (“CB”), and Asset & Wealth Management (“AWM”). Refer to Business Segment Results on pages 22-46 and Note 27 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K, for a description of the Firm’s business segments and the products and services they provide to their respective client bases. On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the “First Republic acquisition”) from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
The Firm's website is www.jpmorganchase.com. JPMorgan Chase makes available on its website, free of charge, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after it electronically files or furnishes such material to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) at www.sec.gov. JPMorgan Chase makes new and important information about the Firm available on its website at https://www.jpmorganchase.com, including on the Investor Relations section of its website at https://www.jpmorganchase.com/ir. Information on the Firm's website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q or the Firm’s other filings with the SEC.
4

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
This executive overview of the MD&A highlights selected information and does not contain all of the information that is important to readers of this Form 10-Q. For a complete description of the trends and uncertainties, as well as the risks and critical accounting estimates affecting the Firm, this Form 10-Q and the 2022 Form 10-K should be read together and in their entirety.
Financial performance of JPMorgan Chase
(unaudited)
As of or for the period ended,
(in millions, except per share data and ratios)
 Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Selected income statement data
Noninterest revenue $ 19,528  $ 15,587  25% $ 37,166  $ 32,432  15%
Net interest income 21,779  15,128  44 42,490  29,000  47
Total net revenue 41,307  30,715  34 79,656  61,432  30
Total noninterest expense 20,822  18,749  11 40,929  37,940  8
Pre-provision profit 20,485  11,966  71 38,727  23,492  65
Provision for credit losses 2,899  1,101  163 5,174  2,564  102
Net income 14,472  8,649  67 27,094  16,931  60
Diluted earnings per share 4.75  2.76  72 8.85  5.39  64
Selected ratios and metrics
Return on common equity 20  % 13  % 19  % 13  %
Return on tangible common equity
 25  17  24  16 
Book value per share $ 98.11  $ 86.38  14 $ 98.11  $ 86.38  14
Tangible book value per share 79.90  69.53  15 79.90  69.53  15
Capital ratios(a)
CET1 capital 13.8  % 12.2  % 13.8  % 12.2  %
Tier 1 capital 15.4  14.1  15.4  14.1 
Total capital 17.3  15.7  17.3  15.7 
Memo:
NII excluding Markets(b)
 $ 22,370  $ 13,682  63 $ 43,306  $ 25,434  70
NIR excluding Markets(b)
 13,013  10,158  28 23,031  21,243  8
Markets(b)
 7,018  7,790  (10) 15,400  16,543  (7)
Total net revenue - managed basis $ 42,401  $ 31,630  34 $ 81,737  $ 63,220  29
(a)The ratios reflect the CECL capital transition provisions. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53 of this Form 10-Q and pages 86-96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
(b)NII and NIR refer to net interest income and noninterest revenue, respectively. Markets consists of CIB's Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets businesses.
Comparisons noted in the sections below are for the second quarter of 2023 versus the second quarter of 2022, unless otherwise specified.
Firmwide overview
For the second quarter of 2023, JPMorgan Chase reported net income of $14.5 billion, up 67%, earnings per share of $4.75, ROE of 20% and ROTCE of 25%. The Firm's results for the second quarter of 2023 included an estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion in Corporate and a net addition to the allowance for credit losses of $1.2 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition. The Firm's results also included investment securities losses of $900 million in Treasury and CIO.
•Total net revenue was $41.3 billion, up 34%, reflecting:
–Net interest income of $21.8 billion, up 44%, driven by higher rates and, to a lesser extent, the impact of the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by lower Markets net interest income and lower average deposit
balances. Net interest income excluding Markets was $22.4 billion, up 63%.
–Noninterest revenue was $19.5 billion, up 25%, driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition, higher Markets noninterest revenue and the absence of losses on equity investments in Payments in the prior year, partially offset by higher net investment securities losses in Treasury and CIO. The impact of the First Republic acquisition included a $2.7 billion estimated bargain purchase gain in Corporate.
–Total Markets revenue declined reflecting lower Markets NII, largely offset by higher NIR.
•Noninterest expense was $20.8 billion, up 11%, driven by higher compensation expense due to additional headcount and the impact of wage inflation, $599 million expense associated with the First Republic acquisition, higher technology and marketing investments and higher legal expense.
5

•The provision for credit losses was $2.9 billion, reflecting a $1.5 billion net addition to the allowance for credit losses and $1.4 billion of net charge-offs. The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included $1.2 billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments. The net addition also reflected:
–$233 million in consumer predominantly in Card Services, and
–$79 million in wholesale reflecting $389 million in CB, largely offset by a $243 million reduction in Corporate.
Net charge-offs increased $754 million, predominantly driven by CCB, primarily Card Services, as 30+ day delinquencies have returned to pre-pandemic levels.
The prior year included a $428 million net addition to the allowance for credit losses and net charge-offs of $657 million.
•The total allowance for credit losses was $24.3 billion at June 30, 2023. The Firm had an allowance for loan losses to retained loans coverage ratio of 1.75%, compared with 1.69% in the prior year.
•The Firm’s nonperforming assets totaled $7.8 billion at June 30, 2023, relatively flat from the prior year, as lower consumer nonaccrual loans due to loan sales in the prior year were offset by higher wholesale nonaccrual loans, reflecting client-specific downgrades. Refer to Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 70-79 for additional information.
•Firmwide average loans of $1.2 trillion were up 13%, driven by higher loans in CCB and CB, largely as a result of the First Republic acquisition.
•Firmwide average deposits of $2.4 trillion were down 6%, driven by:
–the continued migration into higher-yielding investments in AWM; declines in CIB and CB primarily due to continued deposit attrition, which for CIB included actions to reduce certain deposits; and a net decline in CCB primarily from existing accounts due to increased customer spending,
partially offset by
–the impact of the First Republic acquisition in CCB, and an increase in Corporate related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 for additional information.

Selected capital and other metrics
•CET1 capital was $236 billion, and the Standardized and Advanced CET1 ratios were 13.8% and 13.9%, respectively.
•SLR was 5.8%.
•TBVPS grew 15%, ending the second quarter of 2023 at $79.90.
•As of June 30, 2023, the Firm had eligible end-of-period High Quality Liquid Assets (“HQLA”) of approximately $792 billion and unencumbered marketable securities with a fair value of approximately $620 billion, resulting in approximately $1.4 trillion of liquidity sources. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 for additional information.
Refer to Consolidated Results of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 10-15 and pages 16-19, respectively, for a further discussion of the Firm's results; and Business Segment Results on page 24 and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Pre-provision profit, ROTCE, TCE, TBVPS, NII and NIR excluding Markets, and total net revenue on a managed basis are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 20-21 for a further discussion of each of these measures.

6

Business segment highlights
Selected business metrics for each of the Firm’s four lines of business ("LOB") are presented below for the second quarter of 2023.
CCB
ROE 38%
•Average deposits down 2%; client investment assets up 42%
•Average loans up 19% year-over-year ("YoY") and 15% quarter-over-quarter ("QoQ"); Card Services net charge-off rate of 2.41%
•Debit and credit card sales volume(a) up 7%
•Active mobile customers(b) up 10%
CIB
ROE 15%
•#1 ranking for Global Investment Banking fees with 8.4% wallet share year-to-date
•Total Markets revenue of $7.0 billion, down 10%, with Fixed Income Markets down 3% and Equity Markets down 20%
CB
ROE 16%
•Gross Investment Banking and Markets revenue of $767 million, down 3%
•Average loans up 23% YoY and 14% QoQ; average deposits down 8%
AWM
ROE 29%
•Assets under management ("AUM") of $3.2 trillion, up 16%
•Average loans up 1% YoY and 4% QoQ; average deposits down 21%
(a)Excludes Commercial Card.
(b)Users of all mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days. As of June 30, 2023, excludes the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Refer to the Business Segment Results on pages 22-46 for a detailed discussion of results by business segment.

Credit provided and capital raised
JPMorgan Chase continues to support consumers, businesses and communities around the globe. The Firm provided new and renewed credit and raised capital for wholesale and consumer clients during the first six months of 2023, consisting of:
$ 1.2 trillion
Total credit provided and capital raised (including loans and commitments)
$120
billion
Credit for consumers
$17
billion
Credit for U.S. small businesses
$520 billion
Credit for corporations
$535 billion
Capital raised for corporate clients and non-U.S. government entities
$24
 billion
Credit and capital raised for nonprofit and U.S. government entities(a)
(a)Includes states, municipalities, hospitals and universities.

7

Recent events
•Basel III Finalization: In July 2023, the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC") and the FDIC released a proposal to amend the risk-based capital framework, entitled "Regulatory capital rule: Amendments applicable to large banking organizations and to banking organizations with significant trading activity". Under the proposal, changes would include replacement of the advanced approach with an expanded risk-based approach, which would not permit the use of internal models for the calculation of risk-weighted assets, other than for Market risk. In addition, the stress capital buffer requirement would be applicable to both the expanded risk-based approach and the standardized approach. The proposal would significantly revise risk-based capital requirements for all banks with assets of $100 billion or more, including the Firm and other U.S. global systemically important banks ("GSIBs"). The proposed effective date is July 1, 2025 with a three year transition period applicable to the expanded risk-based approach.
•GSIB Surcharge: In July 2023, the Federal Reserve also released a proposal to amend the calculation of the GSIB surcharge. If adopted as proposed, these amendments would require the Firm to assess its GSIB surcharge on an annual basis, using the average of the quarterly surcharge calculations throughout the calendar year, with daily averaging required for certain measures within the surcharge calculation. Surcharge increments would be reduced from 50bp to 10bp and there would also be other technical amendments to the Method 2 calculation. The proposed amendments would revise risk-based capital requirements for the Firm and other U.S. GSIBs, and would become effective on two calendar quarters after the adoption of the final rule.
Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53 for additional information.
Outlook
These current expectations are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management, speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q, and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Refer to Forward-Looking Statements on page 95 of this Form 10-Q; Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors on pages 9-32 of the 2022 Form 10-K; and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors on page 209 of this Form 10-Q for a further discussion of certain of those risks and uncertainties and the other factors that could cause JPMorgan Chase’s actual results to differ materially because of those risks and uncertainties. There is no assurance that actual results in 2023 will be in line with the outlook information set forth below, and the Firm does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements.
JPMorgan Chase’s current outlook for full-year 2023 should be viewed against the backdrop of the global and U.S. economies, financial markets activity, the geopolitical environment, the competitive environment, client and customer activity levels, and regulatory and legislative developments in the U.S. and other countries where the Firm does business. Each of these factors will affect the performance of the Firm. The Firm will continue to make appropriate adjustments to its businesses and operations in response to ongoing developments in the business, economic, regulatory and legal environments in which it operates.
In May 2023, the FDIC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking recommending a special assessment related to the systemic risk determination made on March 12, 2023, to recover losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund ("DIF") arising from the protection of uninsured depositors resulting from recent bank resolutions. In its current form, the rule would impose a special assessment at an annual rate of 12.5 basis points on certain banks’ estimated uninsured deposits reported as of December 31, 2022. If this rule is finalized as proposed, the Firm expects to recognize an estimated assessment expense of approximately $3 billion (pre-tax) in the quarter in which the rule is finalized, which is expected to occur in the second half of 2023.
Full-year 2023
•Management expects both net interest income and net interest income excluding Markets to be approximately $87 billion, market dependent.
•Management expects adjusted expense to be approximately $84.5 billion, market dependent and excluding any FDIC special assessment.
•Management expects the net charge-off rate in Card Services to be approximately 2.6%.
Net interest income excluding Markets and adjusted expense are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 20-21.
8

Business Developments
First Republic acquisition
On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the "First Republic acquisition") from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), as receiver, for $67.9 billion, resulting in an estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion recorded in other income. In connection with the First Republic acquisition, the Firm issued a five-year, $50 billion secured note to the FDIC (the "Purchase Money Note"), and entered into shared-loss agreements with the FDIC with respect to certain loans acquired and lending-related commitments assumed in the acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
JPMorgan Chase’s Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the period ended June 30, 2023 reflect the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Where meaningful to the disclosure, the impact of the First Republic acquisition is disclosed in various sections of this Form 10-Q. The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate clients, products and services, associated with the First Republic acquisition, to align with the Firm’s businesses and operations. The Firm also continues to evaluate to which segments certain clients, products and services associated with the First Republic acquisition, including deposits, should be allocated. Accordingly, reporting classifications and allocations may change in future periods, including across the Firm's segments.
Current market and economic conditions
Refer to Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors on pages 9-32 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors on page 209 of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of material risk factors that could affect the Firm. These risk factors include potential impacts to the Firm associated with current market and economic conditions, including inflationary pressures, higher interest rates and geopolitical tensions (including secondary effects of the war in Ukraine), any or all of which could result in additional market disruption, government actions (including with respect to monetary policies), ongoing impacts to global supply chains, and other geopolitical risks.
Interbank Offered Rate (“IBOR”) transition
The publication of the remaining principal tenors of U.S. dollar LIBOR (i.e., overnight, one-month, three-month, six-month and 12-month LIBOR) ceased on June 30, 2023 (“LIBOR Cessation”). The one-month, three-month and six-month tenors of U.S. dollar LIBOR will continue to be published on a "synthetic" basis, which will allow market participants to use such rates for certain legacy LIBOR-linked contracts through September 30, 2024.
In the second quarter of 2023, the Firm successfully converted predominantly all of its cleared derivatives contracts linked to U.S. dollar LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) as part of initiatives by the principal central counterparties (“CCPs”) to convert cleared derivatives prior to LIBOR Cessation. Nearly all of the Firm’s other U.S. dollar LIBOR-linked products that remained outstanding at LIBOR Cessation will be remediated through contractual fallback provisions or through the framework provided by the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act (“LIBOR Act”). The Firm continues its client outreach activities with respect to the limited amount of contracts that continue to reference “synthetic” U.S. dollar LIBOR in order to complete remediation by September 30, 2024.
Refer to Business Developments on page 50 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
9

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section provides a comparative discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Consolidated Results of Operations on a reported basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, unless otherwise specified. Factors that relate primarily to a single business segment are discussed in more detail within that business segment's results. Refer to pages 91-93 of this Form 10-Q and pages 149-152 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm that affect the Consolidated Results of Operations.
Revenue
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Investment banking fees $ 1,513  $ 1,586  (5) % $ 3,162  $ 3,594  (12) %
Principal transactions 6,910  4,990  38  14,525  10,095  44 
Lending- and deposit-related fees 1,828  1,873  (2) 3,448  3,712  (7)
Asset management fees 3,774  3,517  7  7,239  7,169  1 
Commissions and other fees 1,739  1,723  1  3,434  3,433  — 
Investment securities losses (900) (153) (488) (1,768) (547) (223)
Mortgage fees and related income 278  378  (26) 499  838  (40)
Card income 1,094  1,133  (3) 2,328  2,108  10 
Other income(a)(b)
 3,292  540  NM 4,299  2,030  112 
Noninterest revenue 19,528  15,587  25  37,166  32,432  15 
Net interest income 21,779  15,128  44  42,490  29,000  47 
Total net revenue $ 41,307  $ 30,715  34  % $ 79,656  $ 61,432  30  %
(a)    Included operating lease income of $716 million and $945 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.5 billion and $2.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and an estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition in Corporate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Refer to Business Segment Results on page 24, and Notes 6 and 28 for additional information.
(b)    Includes losses on tax-oriented investments. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.
Quarterly results
Investment banking fees decreased in CIB, reflecting:
•lower advisory fees due to a lower level of announced deals in prior periods amid a challenging environment,
largely offset by
•higher equity underwriting fees primarily due to higher convertible securities offerings and, in the second half of the quarter, follow-on offerings that benefited from the lower equity market volatility.
Refer to CIB segment results on pages 30-36 and Note 6 for additional information.
Principal transactions revenue increased, reflecting:
•higher Equity Markets revenue in principal transactions, primarily in Prime Finance,
•higher Fixed Income Markets revenue in principal transactions, driven by Securitized Products and Fixed Income Financing, partially offset by lower revenue in Rates and Currencies & Emerging Markets,
–the increase in Markets principal transactions revenue was more than offset by a decline in Markets NII, primarily due to higher funding costs
•the absence of $337 million of markdowns in the prior year on held-for-sale positions, primarily unfunded commitments, in the bridge financing portfolio in CIB and CB,
•a gain of $36 million in Credit Adjustments & Other in CIB, compared with a loss of $218 million in the prior year, and
•higher revenue related to cash deployment transactions in Treasury and CIO,
partially offset by
•net losses on certain legacy private equity investments in Corporate, compared with net gains in the prior year.
Principal transactions revenue in CIB generally has offsets across other revenue lines, including net interest income. The Firm assesses the performance of its Markets business on a total net revenue basis.
Refer to CIB, CB and Corporate segment results on pages 30-36, pages 37-40 and pages 45-46, respectively, and Note 6 for additional information.
Lending- and deposit-related fees decreased due to:
•lower cash management fees in CIB and CB associated with the higher level of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees,
largely offset by
•higher lending-related fees driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition in AWM and CCB.
Refer to CIB, CB and AWM segment results on pages 30-36, pages 37-40 and pages 41-44, respectively, and Note 6 for additional information.
Asset management fees increased driven by:
•higher management fees on strong net inflows in AWM, and
•the impact of the First Republic acquisition in CCB.
Refer to CCB and AWM segment results on pages 25-29 and pages 41-44, respectively, and Note 6 for additional information; and Business Segment Results on page 24 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
10

Investment securities losses reflected higher net losses on sales of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS, associated with repositioning the investment securities portfolio in Treasury and CIO. Refer to Corporate segment results on pages 45-46 and Note 10 for additional information.
Mortgage fees and related income decreased in Home Lending, reflecting lower production revenue due to a decline in volume, and lower net mortgage servicing revenue. Refer to CCB segment results on pages 25-29 and Notes 6 and 15 for additional information.
Card income decreased driven by:
•lower net interchange income as a result of an increase to the rewards liability due to adjustments to the terms of certain reward programs in CCB,
largely offset by
•higher payments-related revenue, reflecting growth in Commercial Card in CIB and CB.
Refer to CCB, CIB and CB segment results on pages 25-29, pages 30-36 and pages 37-40, respectively, Critical Accounting Estimates on pages 91-93, and Note 6 for additional information.
Other income increased, reflecting:
•the $2.7 billion estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition in Corporate,
•the absence of losses on equity investments in Payments in the prior year, and
•the impact of net investment hedges in Treasury and CIO,
partially offset by
•lower auto operating lease income in CCB due to a decline in volume, and
•the absence of a gain in the prior year on an equity-method investment received in partial satisfaction of a loan in CB.
Refer to Business Segment Results on page 24 and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition; and Note 5 for additional information on net investment hedges.
Net interest income increased driven by higher rates and, to a lesser extent, the impact from the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by lower Markets net interest income and lower average deposit balances.
The Firm’s average interest-earning assets were $3.3 trillion, down $42 billion, and the yield was 5.01%, up 279 basis points (“bps”). The net yield on these assets, on an FTE basis, was 2.62%, an increase of 82 bps. The net yield excluding Markets was 3.83%, up 157 bps.
Refer to the Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates schedule on page 198 for further information; and Business Segment Results on page 24 and Note 28 for additional i
nformation on the First Republic acquisition.
Net yield excluding Markets is a non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 20-21 for a further discussion of Net yield excluding Markets.
Year-to-date results
Investment banking fees decreased in CIB, reflecting:
•lower debt underwriting fees as challenging market conditions resulted in lower issuance activity in acquisition financing, and
•lower advisory fees due to a lower level of announced deals in prior periods amid a challenging environment,
partially offset by
•higher equity underwriting fees primarily due to higher convertible securities offerings and, in the second half of the second quarter, follow-on offerings that benefited from the lower equity market volatility.
Principal transactions revenue increased, reflecting:
•higher Fixed Income Markets net revenue in principal transactions, driven by Securitized Products and Fixed Income Financing, partially offset by lower revenue in Currencies & Emerging Markets and Rates,
•higher Equity Markets revenue in principal transactions, primarily in Prime Finance,
–the increase in Markets principal transactions revenue was more than offset by a decline in Markets NII, primarily due to higher funding costs
•losses of $117 million in Credit Adjustments & Other in CIB, driven by losses on certain components of fair value option elected liabilities, compared with losses of $742 million in the prior year, and
•higher revenue related to cash deployment transactions in Treasury and CIO.
Lending- and deposit-related fees decreased due to:
•lower cash management fees in CB and CIB associated with the higher level of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees,
partially offset by
•higher lending-related fees driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition in AWM and CCB.
Asset management fees increased driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition in CCB.
Asset management fees in AWM was relatively flat, as the decline in market levels was predominantly offset by the removal of most money market fund fee waivers and the impact of net inflows.
Commissions and other fees was relatively flat. Refer to CIB and AWM segment results on pages 30-36 and pages 41-44, respectively, and Note 6 for additional information.
Investment securities losses reflected higher net losses on sales of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS, associated with repositioning the investment securities portfolio in both periods in Treasury and CIO.
Mortgage fees and related income decreased driven by Home Lending, reflecting lower production revenue due to a decline in volume, and lower net mortgage servicing revenue due to lower net gains in MSR risk management.
11

Card income increased driven by higher payments-related revenue, reflecting growth in Commercial Card in CIB and CB.
Net interchange income in CCB was relatively flat as the benefit in partner payments in the first quarter of 2023 related to a periodic tax refund on airline miles redeemed was offset by an increase to the rewards liability due to adjustments to the terms of certain reward programs.
Other income increased, reflecting:
•the $2.7 billion estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition in Corporate,
•the impact of net investment hedges in Treasury and CIO, and
•a gain of $339 million recognized in first quarter of 2023 in AWM on the original minority interest in CIFM upon the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in the entity,
partially offset by
•lower auto operating lease income in CCB due to a decline in volume,
•the absence of proceeds in the prior year from an insurance settlement,
•the absence of a gain in the prior year on an equity-method investment received in partial satisfaction of a loan in CB, and
•lower net gains related to certain other Corporate investments.
Net interest income increased driven by higher rates and, to a lesser extent, higher revolving balances in Card Services and the impact from the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by lower Markets net interest income and lower average deposit balances.
The Firm’s average interest-earning assets were $3.3 trillion, down $113 billion, and the yield was 4.85%, up 281 basis points (“bps”). The net yield on these assets, on an FTE basis, was 2.63%, an increase of 89 bps. The net yield excluding Markets was 3.82%, up 171 bps.
12

Provision for credit losses
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Consumer, excluding credit card $ 555  $ 62  NM $ 803  $ 235  242  %
Credit card 1,324  730  81  % 2,546  1,236  106 
Total consumer 1,879  792  137  3,349  1,471  128 
Wholesale 1,007  303  232  1,811  1,088  66 
Investment securities 13  6  117  14  5  180 
Total provision for credit losses $ 2,899  $ 1,101  163  % $ 5,174  $ 2,564  102  %
Quarterly results
The provision for credit losses was $2.9 billion, reflecting a $1.5 billion net addition to the allowance for credit losses and $1.4 billion of net charge-offs.
The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included $1.2 billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments, composed of $763 million in wholesale and $400 million in consumer.
The net addition also reflected:
•$233 million in consumer predominantly in Card Services, and
•$79 million in wholesale reflecting $389 million in CB, largely offset by a $243 million reduction in Corporate.
Net charge-offs increased $754 million, predominantly driven by CCB, primarily Card Services, as 30+ day delinquencies have returned to pre-pandemic levels.
The prior year included a $428 million net addition to the allowance for credit losses and net charge-offs of $657 million.
Refer to CCB segment results on pages 25-29, CIB on pages 30-36, CB on pages 37-40, AWM on pages 41-44, Corporate on pages 45-46; Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 80-82; Notes 10 and 13 for additional information on the credit portfolio and the allowance for credit losses; and Business segment results on page 24 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Year-to-date results
The provision for credit losses was $5.2 billion, reflecting a $2.6 billion net addition to the allowance for credit losses and $2.5 billion of net charge-offs.
The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included $1.5 billion, consisting of:
•$800 million in wholesale, predominantly driven by net downgrade activity, updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate in CB in the second quarter of 2023, and the impact of the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, and
•$649 million in consumer, predominantly driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, and the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by reduced borrower uncertainty.
The net addition also included $1.2 billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments, in the second quarter of 2023.
Net charge-offs increased $1.3 billion, predominantly driven by CCB, primarily Card Services, as 30+ day delinquencies have returned to pre-pandemic levels.
The prior year included a $1.3 billion net addition to the allowance for credit losses and net charge-offs of $1.2 billion.



13

Noninterest expense
(in millions) Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Compensation expense $ 11,216  $ 10,301  9  % $ 22,892  $ 21,088  9  %
Noncompensation expense:
Occupancy 1,070  1,129  (5) 2,185  2,263  (3)
Technology, communications and equipment(a)
 2,267  2,376  (5) 4,451  4,736  (6)
Professional and outside services 2,561  2,469  4  5,009  5,041  (1)
Marketing 1,122  881  27  2,167  1,801  20 
Other expense(b)(c)
 2,586  1,593  62  4,225  3,011  40 
Total noncompensation expense 9,606  8,448  14  18,037  16,852  7 
Total noninterest expense $ 20,822  $ 18,749  11  % $ 40,929  $ 37,940  8  %
(a)Includes depreciation expense associated with auto operating lease assets.
(b)Included Firmwide legal expense of $420 million and $73 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $596 million and $192 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively; as well as FDIC-related expense of $338 million and $216 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $655 million and $414 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.
(c)Included expense associated with the First Republic acquisition of $599 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Refer to Business Segment Results on page 24 for additional information.
Quarterly results
Compensation expense increased driven by:
•additional headcount, primarily in technology and front office, as well as the impact of wage inflation, and
•higher revenue-related compensation in AWM, partially offset by a decline in revenue-related compensation in CIB.
Noncompensation expense increased as a result of:
•$599 million expense associated with the First Republic acquisition, substantially all of which is in Corporate,
•higher investments in the businesses, including marketing and technology,
•higher legal expense, largely in Corporate, and
•higher structural expense, including the impact of the increase in the FDIC assessment that was announced in October 2022,
partially offset by
•lower volume-related expense, reflecting lower depreciation expense on lower Auto lease assets.
Refer to Business Segment Results on page 24 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Year-to-date results
Compensation expense increased driven by:
•additional headcount, primarily in technology and front office, as well as the impact of wage inflation, and
•higher revenue-related compensation in AWM, partially offset by a decline in revenue-related compensation in CIB.
Noncompensation expense increased as a result of:
•expense associated with the First Republic acquisition, substantially all of which is in Corporate,
•higher investments in the business, including marketing and technology,
•higher legal expense across the LOBs and Corporate, and
•higher structural expense, including the impact of the increase in the FDIC assessment that was announced in October 2022, and higher travel and entertainment expense,
partially offset by
•lower volume-related expense, reflecting lower depreciation expense on lower Auto lease assets.







14

Income tax expense
(in millions) Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Income before income tax expense $ 17,586  $ 10,865  62  % $ 33,553  $ 20,928  60  %
Income tax expense 3,114  2,216  41  6,459  3,997  62 
Effective tax rate 17.7  % 20.4  % 19.3  % 19.1  %

Quarterly results
The effective tax rate decreased, reflecting:
•the impact of the income tax expense associated with the First Republic acquisition that was reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain, which resulted in a reduction in the Firm’s effective tax rate of 3.4 percentage points,
partially offset by
•the higher level of pre-tax income and changes in the mix of income and expenses subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes.

Year-to-date results
The effective tax rate was relatively flat, reflecting:
•the higher level of pre-tax income and changes in the mix of income and expenses subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes, as well as the lower benefits related to vesting of employee stock based awards,
predominantly offset by
•the impact of the income tax expense associated with the First Republic acquisition that was reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain, which resulted in a reduction in the Firm’s effective tax rate.

15

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AND CASH FLOWS ANALYSIS
Consolidated balance sheets analysis
The following is a discussion of the significant changes between June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Selected Consolidated balance sheets data
(in millions) June 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022		 Change
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 26,064  $ 27,697  (6) %
Deposits with banks 469,059  539,537  (13)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements 325,628  315,592  3 
Securities borrowed 163,563  185,369  (12)
Trading assets 636,996  453,799  40 
Available-for-sale securities 203,262  205,857  (1)
Held-to-maturity securities 408,941  425,305  (4)
Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses 612,203  631,162  (3)
Loans 1,300,069  1,135,647  14 
Allowance for loan losses (21,980) (19,726) (11)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses 1,278,089  1,115,921  15 
Accrued interest and accounts receivable 111,561  125,189  (11)
Premises and equipment 29,493  27,734  6 
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible assets 64,238  60,859  6 
Other assets 151,346  182,884  (17)
Total assets $ 3,868,240  $ 3,665,743  6  %
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks decreased primarily as a result of the First Republic acquisition, which included the impact of the repayment of deposits provided to First Republic Bank in March 2023 by the consortium of large U.S. banks and amounts paid to the FDIC, as well as CIB Markets activities. Deposits with banks reflect the Firm’s placement of its excess cash with various central banks, including the Federal Reserve Banks.
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements increased due to the impact of a lower level of netting on a reduced level of resale balances in Markets.
Securities borrowed decreased driven by Markets, reflecting lower client-driven activities and lower demand for securities to cover short positions.
Refer to Note 11 for additional information on securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed.
Trading assets increased due to higher levels of debt and equity instruments in Markets, in response to demand from client-driven market-making activities, and when compared with the seasonally lower levels at year-end. Refer to Notes 2 and 5 for additional information.
Investment securities decreased due to:
•lower available-for-sale ("AFS") securities driven by paydowns, maturities and net sales, partially offset by $25.8 billion of securities associated with the First Republic acquisition as well as the transfer of securities from held-to-maturity in the first quarter of 2023 (“HTM”), and
•lower HTM securities driven by paydowns, maturities and the transfer of securities to AFS.
Refer to Corporate segment results on pages 45-46,
Investment Portfolio Risk Management on page 83, and Notes 2 and 10 for additional information.
Loans increased, reflecting:
•$150 billion of loans associated with the First Republic acquisition, primarily reflected in CCB, CB and AWM.
The increase also included:
•growth in new accounts and revolving balances which continued to normalize to pre-pandemic levels in Card Services, and
•higher revolver utilization and originations in CB,
partially offset by
•lower securities-based lending in AWM.
The allowance for loan losses increased, reflecting:
•a net addition to the allowance for loan losses of $1.8 billion, consisting of:
–$1.1 billion in wholesale, predominantly driven by net downgrade activity, updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate in CB in the second quarter of 2023, and the impact of the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, and
–$620 million in consumer, predominantly driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, and the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by reduced borrower uncertainty, and
•$1.1 billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans in the second quarter of 2023.
16

The allowance for loan losses also reflected a reduction of $587 million, on January 1, 2023, as a result of the adoption of the Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings accounting guidance. References in this Form 10-Q to "changes to the TDR accounting guidance" pertain to the Firm's adoption of this guidance.
There was also a $196 million net reduction in the allowance for lending-related commitments recognized in other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, which included a $97 million addition to establish the allowance for the First Republic lending-related commitments.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 62-83, and Notes 2, 3, 12 and 13 for additional information on loans and the total allowance for credit losses; and Business Segment Results on page 24 and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Accrued interest and accounts receivable decreased primarily due to lower client receivables related to client-driven activities in Markets.
Premises and equipment increased as a result of the First Republic acquisition, largely lease right-of-use assets, and the construction-in-process associated with the Firm's headquarters. Refer to Note 17 for information on leases.
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible assets increased predominantly due to the other intangibles and goodwill related to the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in CIFM, and the core deposit intangibles associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 15 and 28 for additional information.
Other assets decreased reflecting lower cash collateral placed with central counterparties ("CCPs").
Selected Consolidated balance sheets data (continued)
(in millions) June 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022		 Change
Liabilities
Deposits $ 2,398,962  $ 2,340,179  3  %
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements 266,272  202,613  31 
Short-term borrowings 41,022  44,027  (7)
Trading liabilities 178,809  177,976  — 
Accounts payable and other liabilities 286,934  300,141  (4)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) 19,647  12,610  56 
Long-term debt 364,078  295,865  23 
Total liabilities 3,555,724  3,373,411  5 
Stockholders’ equity 312,516  292,332  7 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 3,868,240  $ 3,665,743  6  %
Deposits increased, reflecting:
•increases in CIB due to deposit inflows related to client-driven activities and net issuances of structured notes as a result of client demand,
•$68 billion of deposits in CCB associated with the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by a net decline primarily in existing accounts due to increased customer spending, and
•an increase in Corporate related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives,
partially offset by
•the continued migration into higher-yielding investments in AWM as a result of the rising interest rate environment, and
•ongoing attrition in CB driven by higher rates and seasonal outflows, predominantly offset by inflows as a result of disruptions in the market in the first quarter of 2023.
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements increased due to higher secured financing of trading assets and the impact of a lower level of netting on client-driven market-making activities in Markets.
Short-term borrowings decreased predominantly as a result of lower financing requirements in Markets, partially offset by short-term FHLB advances associated with the First Republic acquisition in Treasury and CIO.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 for additional information on deposits, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements, and short-term borrowings; Notes 2 and 16 for deposits and Note 11 for federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements; Business Segment Results on page 24 and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Trading liabilities: refer to Notes 2 and 5 for additional information.
Accounts payable and other liabilities decreased primarily due to lower client payables related to client-driven activities in Markets.
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs increased driven by higher levels of Firm-administered multi-seller conduit commercial paper held by third parties, reflecting changes in the Firm’s short-term liquidity management, and an increase in loans in the conduits in CIB. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 and Notes 14 and 24 for additional information, specifically Firm-sponsored VIEs and loan securitization trusts.
17

Long-term debt increased, reflecting the impact of the First Republic acquisition, which included the Purchase Money Note issued to the FDIC, and $25 billion of FHLB advances, partially offset by maturities and redemptions in Treasury and CIO. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61; and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Stockholders’ equity: refer to Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity on page 99, Capital Actions on page 52, and Note 21 for additional information.

18

Consolidated cash flows analysis
The following is a discussion of cash flow activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(in millions) Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022
Net cash provided by/(used in)
Operating activities $ (92,376) $ 24,101 
Investing activities 5,551  (125,811)
Financing activities
 14,642  48,970 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 72  (18,834)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks $ (72,111) $ (71,574)
Operating activities
•In 2023, cash used resulted from higher trading assets and lower accounts payable, partially offset by lower other assets, securities borrowed and accrued interest and accounts receivable.
•In 2022, cash provided reflected higher accounts payable and other liabilities, trading liabilities, and net proceeds from loans held-for-sale, predominantly offset by higher trading assets and accrued interest and accounts receivable.
Investing activities
•In 2023, cash provided reflected net proceeds from investment securities, largely offset by higher net originations of loans, higher securities purchased under resale agreements, and net cash used in the First Republic acquisition.
•In 2022, cash used resulted from higher securities purchased under resale agreements, net originations of loans, and net purchases of investment securities.
Financing activities
•In 2023, cash provided reflected higher securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements, largely offset by net activity in deposits, which included the impact of the repayment of the deposits provided to First Republic Bank by the consortium of large U.S. banks that the Firm assumed as part of the First Republic acquisition, as well as net payments on long- and short-term borrowings.
•In 2022, cash provided reflected higher securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements and net proceeds from long- and short-term borrowings.
•For both periods, cash was used for repurchases of common stock and cash dividends on common and preferred stock.
* * *
Refer to Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 16-19, Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53, and Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61, and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows on page 100 of this Form 10-Q, and pages 97-104 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the activities affecting the Firm’s cash flows.

19

EXPLANATION AND RECONCILIATION OF THE FIRM’S USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The Firm prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and this presentation is referred to as “reported” basis; these financial statements appear on pages 96-100.
In addition to analyzing the Firm’s results on a reported basis, the Firm also reviews and uses certain non-GAAP financial measures at the Firmwide and segment level. These non-GAAP measures include:
•Firmwide “managed” basis results, including the overhead ratio, which include certain reclassifications to present total net revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities (“FTE” basis);

•Pre-provision profit, which represents total net revenue less total noninterest expense;
•Net interest income, net yield, and noninterest revenue excluding Markets;
•TCE, ROTCE, and TBVPS;
•Adjusted expense, which represents noninterest expense excluding Firmwide legal expense; and
•Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits.
Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use Of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 58-60 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of management’s use of non-GAAP financial measures.
The following summary tables provide a reconciliation from the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results to managed basis.
Three months ended June 30,
2023 2022
(in millions, except ratios) Reported
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 Managed
basis		 Reported
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 Managed
basis
Other income $ 3,292  $ 990  $ 4,282  $ 540  $ 812  $ 1,352 
Total noninterest revenue 19,528  990  20,518  15,587  812  16,399 
Net interest income 21,779  104  21,883  15,128  103  15,231 
Total net revenue 41,307  1,094  42,401  30,715  915  31,630 
Total noninterest expense 20,822  NA 20,822  18,749  NA 18,749 
Pre-provision profit 20,485  1,094  21,579  11,966  915  12,881 
Provision for credit losses 2,899  NA 2,899  1,101  NA 1,101 
Income before income tax expense 17,586  1,094  18,680  10,865  915  11,780 
Income tax expense 3,114  1,094  4,208  2,216  915  3,131 
Net income $ 14,472  NA $ 14,472  $ 8,649  NA $ 8,649 
Overhead ratio 50  % NM 49  % 61  % NM 59  %
Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022
(in millions, except ratios) Reported
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 Managed
basis		 Reported
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 Managed
basis
Other income $ 4,299  $ 1,857  $ 6,156  $ 2,030  $ 1,587  $ 3,617 
Total noninterest revenue 37,166  1,857  39,023  32,432  1,587  34,019 
Net interest income 42,490  224  42,714  29,000  201  29,201 
Total net revenue 79,656  2,081  81,737  61,432  1,788  63,220 
Total noninterest expense 40,929  NA 40,929  37,940  NA 37,940 
Pre-provision profit 38,727  2,081  40,808  23,492  1,788  25,280 
Provision for credit losses 5,174  NA 5,174  2,564  NA 2,564 
Income before income tax expense 33,553  2,081  35,634  20,928  1,788  22,716 
Income tax expense 6,459  2,081  8,540  3,997  1,788  5,785 
Net Income $ 27,094  NA $ 27,094  $ 16,931  NA $ 16,931 
Overhead ratio 51  % NM 50  % 62  % NM 60  %
(a)Predominantly recognized in CIB, CB and Corporate.



20

The following table provides information on net interest income, net yield, and noninterest revenue excluding Markets.

(in millions, except rates)		 Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Net interest income – reported
$ 21,779  $ 15,128  44  % $ 42,490  $ 29,000  47  %
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments
 104  103  1  224  201  11 
Net interest income – managed basis(a)
 $ 21,883  $ 15,231  44  $ 42,714  $ 29,201  46 
Less: Markets net interest income(b)
 (487) 1,549  NM (592) 3,767  NM
Net interest income excluding Markets(a)
 $ 22,370  $ 13,682  63  $ 43,306  $ 25,434  70 
Average interest-earning assets $ 3,343,780  $ 3,385,894  (1) $ 3,280,619  $ 3,393,879  (3)
Less: Average Markets interest-earning assets(b)
 1,003,877  957,304  5  993,283  960,556  3 
Average interest-earning assets excluding Markets $ 2,339,903  $ 2,428,590  (4) % $ 2,287,336  $ 2,433,323  (6) %
Net yield on average interest-earning assets – managed basis
 2.62  % 1.80  % 2.63  % 1.74  %
Net yield on average Markets interest-earning assets(b)
 (0.19) 0.65  (0.12) 0.79 
Net yield on average interest-earning assets excluding Markets 3.83  % 2.26  % 3.82  % 2.11  %
Noninterest revenue – reported $ 19,528 $ 15,587 25  % $ 37,166 $ 32,432 15  %
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments 990 812 22  1,857 1,587 17 
Noninterest revenue – managed basis $ 20,518 $ 16,399 25  $ 39,023 $ 34,019 15 
Less: Markets noninterest revenue(b)
 7,505 6,241 20  15,992 12,776 25 
Noninterest revenue excluding Markets $ 13,013 $ 10,158 28  $ 23,031 $ 21,243 8 
Memo: Total Markets net revenue(b)
 $ 7,018 $ 7,790 (10) $ 15,400 $ 16,543 (7)
(a)Interest includes the effect of related hedges. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(b)Refer to page 35 for further information on Markets.
The following summary table provides a reconciliation from the Firm’s common stockholders’ equity to TCE.
Period-end Average
(in millions, except per share and ratio data) Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Common stockholders’ equity
 $ 285,112  $ 264,928  $ 277,885  $ 247,986  $ 274,560  $ 250,234 
Less: Goodwill 52,380  51,662  52,342  50,575  52,031  50,442 
Less: Other intangible assets
 3,629  1,224  2,191  1,119  1,746  1,007 
Add: Certain deferred tax liabilities(a)
 3,097  2,510  2,902  2,503  2,727  2,500 
Tangible common equity $ 232,200  $ 214,552  $ 226,254  $ 198,795  $ 223,510  $ 201,285 
Return on tangible common equity NA NA 25  % 17  % 24  % 16  %
Tangible book value per share $ 79.90  $ 73.12  NA NA NA NA
(a)Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating TCE.
21

BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS
The Firm is managed on an LOB basis. There are four major reportable business segments – Consumer & Community Banking, Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking and Asset & Wealth Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment.
The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by the Firm’s Operating Committee. Segment results are presented on a managed basis. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 20-21 for a definition of managed basis.
Description of business segment reporting methodology
Results of the business segments are intended to present each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. The management reporting process that derives business segment results includes the allocation of certain income and expense items. The Firm periodically assesses the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, and further refinements may be implemented in future periods. The Firm also assesses the level of capital required for each LOB on at least an annual basis. The Firm’s LOBs also provide various business metrics which are utilized by the Firm and its investors and analysts in assessing performance.
Revenue sharing
When business segments join efforts to sell products and services to the Firm’s clients and customers, the participating business segments may agree to share revenue from those transactions. Revenue is generally recognized in the segment responsible for the related product or service, with allocations to the other segment(s) involved in the transaction. The segment results reflect these revenue-sharing agreements.
Funds transfer pricing
Funds transfer pricing (“FTP”) is the process by which the Firm allocates interest income and expense to the LOBs and Other Corporate and transfers the primary interest rate risk and liquidity risk to Treasury and CIO.
The funds transfer pricing process considers the interest rate risk and liquidity risk characteristics of assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet products. Periodically the methodology and assumptions utilized in the FTP process are adjusted to reflect economic conditions and other factors, which may impact the allocation of net interest income to the segments.

Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange risk is transferred from the LOBs and Other Corporate to Treasury and CIO for certain revenues and expenses. Treasury and CIO manages these risks centrally and reports the impact of foreign exchange rate movements related to the transferred risk in its results. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 84-89 for additional information.
Capital allocation
The amount of capital assigned to each business segment is referred to as equity. At least annually, the assumptions, judgments and methodologies used to allocate capital are reassessed and, as a result, the capital allocated to the LOBs may change. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm updated its line of business capital allocations to reflect the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Line of business equity on page 51, and page 93 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.
Refer to Business Segment Results – Description of business segment reporting methodology on pages 61-62 and Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of those methodologies.

22

Segment results – managed basis
The following tables summarize the Firm’s results by segment for the periods indicated.
Three months ended June 30, Consumer & Community Banking Corporate & Investment Bank Commercial Banking
(in millions, except ratios) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Total net revenue $ 17,233  $ 12,558 
(a)
 37  % $ 12,519  $ 12,003 
(a)
 4% $ 3,988  $ 2,683  49  %
Total noninterest expense 8,313  7,658 
(a)
 9  6,894  6,810 
(a)
 1 1,300  1,156  12 
Pre-provision profit/(loss) 8,920  4,900  82  5,625  5,193  8 2,688  1,527  76 
Provision for credit losses 1,862  761  145  38  59  (36) 1,097  209  425 
Net income/(loss) 5,306  3,108 
(a)
 71  4,092  3,717 
(a)
 10 1,208  994  22 
Return on equity (“ROE”) 38  % 24  %

15  % 14  % 16  % 15  %
Three months ended June 30, Asset & Wealth Management Corporate Total
(in millions, except ratios) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Total net revenue $ 4,943  $ 4,306  15  % $ 3,718 $ 80 NM $ 42,401  $ 31,630  34  %
Total noninterest expense 3,163  2,919  8  1,152 206 459 20,822  18,749  11 
Pre-provision profit/(loss) 1,780  1,387  28  2,566 (126) NM 21,579  12,881  68 
Provision for credit losses 145  44  230  (243) 28 NM 2,899  1,101  163 
Net income/(loss) 1,226  1,004  22  2,640 (174) NM 14,472  8,649  67 
ROE 29  % 23  % NM NM 20  % 13  %
Six months ended June 30, Consumer & Community Banking Corporate & Investment Bank Commercial Banking
(in millions, except ratios) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Total net revenue $ 33,689  $ 24,740 
(a)
 36  % $ 26,119  $ 25,579
(a)
 2% $ 7,499  $ 5,081  48  %
Total noninterest expense 16,378  15,313 
(a)
 7  14,377  14,173
(a)
 1 2,608  2,285  14 
Pre-provision profit/(loss) 17,311  9,427  84  11,742  11,406 3 4,891  2,796  75 
Provision for credit losses 3,264  1,439  127  96  504 (81) 1,514  366  314 
Net income/(loss) 10,549  6,016 
(a)
 75  8,513  8,089
(a)
 5 2,555  1,844  39 
ROE 39  % 23  % 15  % 15  % 17  % 14  %
Six months ended June 30, Asset & Wealth Management Corporate Total
(in millions, except ratios) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Total net revenue $ 9,727  $ 8,621  13  % $ 4,703 $ (801) NM $ 81,737  $ 63,220  29  %
Total noninterest expense 6,254  5,779  8  1,312 390 236 40,929  37,940  8 
Pre-provision profit/(loss) 3,473  2,842  22  3,391 (1,191) NM 40,808  25,280  61 
Provision for credit losses 173  198  (13) 127 57 123 5,174  2,564  102 
Net income/(loss) 2,593  2,012  29  2,884 (1,030) NM 27,094  16,931  60 
ROE 31  % 23  % NM NM 19  % 13  %
(a)In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.

23

The following sections provide a comparative discussion of the Firm’s results by segment as of or for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 versus the corresponding period in the prior year, unless otherwise specified.
Selected Firmwide Metrics
The following tables present key metrics for Wealth Management, which consists of the Global Private Bank in AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management in CCB; and total revenue and key metrics for J.P. Morgan Payments, which consists of payments activities in CIB and CB. This presentation is intended to provide investors with additional information concerning Wealth Management and J.P. Morgan Payments, each of which consists of similar business activities conducted across LOBs to serve different types of clients and customers.
Selected metrics - Wealth Management
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
Client assets (in billions)(a)
 $ 2,862 
(b)
 $ 2,177 
Number of client advisors 8,367  7,756 
(a)    Consists of Global Private Bank in AWM and client investment assets in J.P. Morgan Wealth Management in CCB.
(b)As of June 30, 2023, included $150.9 billion of client investment assets associated with the First Republic acquisition.

Selected metrics - J.P. Morgan Payments
(in millions, except where otherwise noted) Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Total net revenue(a)
 $ 4,729  $ 3,130  $ 9,187  $ 5,725 
Merchant processing volume
(in billions)		 600.1  539.6  1,158.9  1,029.8 
Average deposits (in billions) 720  816  714  819 
(a) Excludes the net impact of equity investments.
Segment information related to the First Republic acquisition
The following table presents selected impacts to CCB, CB, AWM and Corporate associated with the First Republic acquisition.
As of or for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions) Consumer & Community Banking Commercial Banking Asset & Wealth Management Corporate Total
Selected Income Statement Data
Revenue
Asset management fees $ 107  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 107 
All other income 105  —  174  2,762 
(a)
 3,041 
Noninterest revenue 212  —  174  2,762  3,148 
Net interest income 619  178  129  (29) 897 
Total net revenue 831  178  303  2,733  4,045 
Provision for credit losses 408  608  146  —  1,162 
Noninterest expense 37  —  —  562  599 
Net income 293  (327) 119  2,301  2,386 
Selected Balance Sheet Data (period-end)
Loans $ 94,721  $ 39,500  $ 13,696  $ —  $ 147,917 
(b)
Deposits 68,351  —  —  —  68,351 
(a)Reflects the estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion recorded in other income. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(b)Excluded $1.9 billion of loans transferred to the CIB.
The following sections provide a comparative discussion of the Firm’s results by segment as of or for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
24

CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING
Refer to pages 63-66 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on page 206 for a further discussion of the business profile of CCB.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Revenue
Lending- and deposit-related fees $ 841  $ 855  (2) % $ 1,664  $ 1,660  —  %
Asset management fees 816 
(d)
 684 

19  1,492 
(d)
 1,410  6 
Mortgage fees and related income 274  377  (27) 497  833  (40)
Card income 483  621 
(f)
 (22) 1,222  1,162 
(f)
 5 
All other income(a)
 1,129 
(d)
 1,313 
(f)
 (14) 2,291 
(d)
 2,640 
(f)
 (13)
Noninterest revenue 3,543  3,850  (8) 7,166  7,705  (7)
Net interest income 13,690 
(d)
 8,708  57  26,523 
(d)
 17,035  56 
Total net revenue 17,233  12,558  37  33,689  24,740  36 
Provision for credit losses 1,862 
(d)
 761  145  3,264 
(d)
 1,439  127 
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense 3,628  3,237  12  7,173  6,408  12 
Noncompensation expense(b)
 4,685 
(d)
 4,421 
(f)
 6  9,205 
(d)
 8,905 
(f)
 3 
Total noninterest expense 8,313  7,658  9  16,378  15,313  7 
Income before income tax expense 7,058  4,139  71  14,047  7,988  76 
Income tax expense 1,752  1,031 
(f)
 70  3,498  1,972 
(f)
 77 
Net income $ 5,306  $ 3,108  71  $ 10,549  $ 6,016  75 
Revenue by line of business
Banking & Wealth Management $ 10,936 
(e)
 $ 6,502 
(f)
 68  $ 20,977 
(e)
 $ 12,517 
(f)
 68 
Home Lending 1,007 
(e)
 1,001  1  1,727 
(e)
 2,170  (20)
Card Services & Auto 5,290  5,055  5  10,985  10,053  9 
Mortgage fees and related income details:
Production revenue 102  150  (32) 177  361  (51)
Net mortgage servicing revenue(c)
 172  227  (24) 320  472  (32)
Mortgage fees and related income
 $ 274  $ 377  (27) % $ 497  $ 833  (40) %
Financial ratios
Return on equity 38  % 24  % 39  % 23  %
Overhead ratio 48  61  49  62 
(a)Primarily includes operating lease income and commissions and other fees. For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, operating lease income was $704 million and $929 million, respectively, and $1.4 billion and $2.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)Included depreciation expense on leased assets of $445 million and $652 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $852 million and $1.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(c)Included MSR risk management results of $25 million and $28 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $13 million and $137 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(d)Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
(e)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $596 million and $235 million for Banking & Wealth Management and Home Lending, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(f)In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
25

Quarterly results
Net income was $5.3 billion, up 71%.
Net revenue was $17.2 billion, an increase of 37%.
Net interest income was $13.7 billion, up 57%, driven by:
•deposit margin expansion on higher rates in Banking & Wealth Management ("BWM"), and
•higher NII in Card Services driven by increased revolving balances.
Noninterest revenue was $3.5 billion, down 8%, driven by:
•lower auto operating lease income as a result of a decline in volume, and
•a decrease in card income driven by lower net interchange, as a result of an increase to the rewards liability due to adjustments to certain reward program terms,
partially offset by
•higher asset management fees in BWM predominantly driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Refer to Note 6 for additional information on card income, asset management fees, and commissions and other fees; and Critical Accounting Estimates on pages 91-93 for card income.
Refer to Note 15 for further information regarding changes in the value of the MSR asset and related hedges, and mortgage fees and related income.
Noninterest expense was $8.3 billion, up 9%, driven by:
•higher compensation expense, including wage inflation and headcount growth, as well as higher marketing and technology,
partially offset by
•lower auto lease depreciation on lower auto lease assets.
The provision for credit losses was $1.9 billion, and included:
•net charge-offs of $1.3 billion, up $640 million, predominantly driven by Card Services, as 30+ day delinquencies have returned to pre-pandemic levels, and
•a $611 million net addition to the allowance for credit losses, reflecting $408 million to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments. The net addition also included $203 million driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, and the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, largely offset by reduced borrower uncertainty.
The prior year included a $150 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in Card Services.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 62-83 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 80-82 for a further discussion of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.


Year-to-date results
Net income was $10.5 billion, up 75%.
Net revenue was $33.7 billion, an increase of 36%.
Net interest income was $26.5 billion, up 56%, driven by:
•deposit margin expansion on higher rates, partially offset by lower average deposits in BWM, and
•higher NII in Card Services driven by increased revolving balances,
partially offset by
•the impact of lower PPP loan forgiveness in BWM.
Noninterest revenue was $7.2 billion, down 7%, driven by:
•lower auto operating lease income as a result of a decline in volume and
•in Home Lending, lower production revenue from a decline in volume and lower net mortgage servicing revenue predominantly driven by lower net gains on MSR risk management,
partially offset by
•higher travel-related commissions in Card Services,
•higher asset management fees in BWM driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Card income was relatively flat as the increase in net interchange in the first quarter of 2023 due to a reduction in rewards costs and partner payments related to a periodic tax refund on airline miles redeemed was offset by an increase to the rewards liability due to adjustments to certain reward program terms in the second quarter of 2023.
Noninterest expense was $16.4 billion, up 7%, driven by:
•higher compensation expense, including wage inflation and headcount growth, as well as higher marketing and technology,
partially offset by
•lower auto lease depreciation on lower auto lease assets.
The provision for credit losses was $3.3 billion, and included:
•net charge-offs of $2.3 billion, up $1.1 billion, predominantly driven by Card Services, as 30+ day delinquencies have returned to pre-pandemic levels, and
•a $553 million net addition, predominantly driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, and the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by reduced borrower uncertainty, and
•a $408 million net addition to the allowance for credit losses to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments, in the second quarter of 2023.
The prior year included a $275 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in Card Services and Home Lending.
26

Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets $ 620,193  $ 500,219  24  % $ 620,193  $ 500,219  24  %
Loans:
Banking & Wealth Management(a)
30,959 
(d)
 31,494  (2) 30,959 
(d)
 31,494  (2)
Home Lending(b)
 262,432 
(d)
 176,939  48  262,432 
(d)
 176,939  48 
Card Services 191,353  165,494  16  191,353  165,494  16 
Auto 73,587  67,842  8  73,587  67,842  8 
Total loans 558,331  441,769  26  558,331  441,769  26 
Deposits 1,173,514 
(e)
 1,178,825  —  1,173,514 
(e)
 1,178,825  — 
Equity 55,500  50,000  11  55,500  50,000  11 
Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets $ 576,417  $ 496,177  16  $ 541,788  $ 492,592  10 
Loans:
Banking & Wealth Management 30,628 
(f)
 32,294  (5) 29,572 
(f)
 33,014  (10)
Home Lending(c)
 229,569 
(f)
 177,330  29  201,005 
(f)
 176,911  14 
Card Services 187,028  158,434  18  183,758  153,941  19 
Auto 71,083  68,569  4  69,920  68,908  1 
Total loans 518,308  436,627  19  484,255  432,774  12 
Deposits 1,157,309 
(g)
 1,180,453  (2) 1,135,261 
(g)
 1,167,057  (3)
Equity 54,346  50,000  9  53,180  50,000  6 
Headcount 137,087  130,907  5  % 137,087  130,907  5  %
(a)At June 30, 2023 and 2022, included $163 million and $1.5 billion of loans, respectively, in Business Banking under the PPP. Refer to Credit Portfolio on pages 108-109 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the PPP.
(b)At June 30, 2023 and 2022, Home Lending loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were $3.9 billion and $5.2 billion, respectively.
(c)Average Home Lending loans held-for sale and loans at fair value were $5.3 billion and $8.1 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $4.4 billion and $9.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(d)As of June 30, 2023, included $3.4 billion and $91.3 billion for Banking & Wealth Management and Home Lending, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
(f)For the three months ended June 30, 2023, included $2.7 billion and $57.2 billion for Banking & Wealth Management and Home Lending, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2023, included $1.4 billion and $28.7 billion for Banking & Wealth Management and Home Lending, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(g)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $47.2 billion and $23.7 billion, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.




























27

Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratio data) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)
 $ 3,823  $ 4,217  (9) % $ 3,823  $ 4,217  (9) %
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
Banking & Wealth Management 92  81  14  171  170  1 
Home Lending (28) (68) 59  (46) (137) 66 
Card Services 1,124  580  94  2,046  1,086  88 
Auto 63  18  250  132  45  193 
Total net charge-offs/(recoveries) $ 1,251  $ 611  105  $ 2,303  $ 1,164  98 
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
Banking & Wealth Management(c)
 1.20  % 1.01  % 1.17  % 1.04  %
Home Lending (0.05) (0.16) (0.05) (0.16)
Card Services 2.41  1.47  2.25  1.42 
Auto 0.36  0.11  0.38  0.13 
Total net charge-off/(recovery) rate 0.98  % 0.57  % 0.97  % 0.55  %
30+ day delinquency rate
Home Lending(d)(e)
 0.58  % 0.85  % 0.58  % 0.85  %
Card Services 1.70  1.05  1.70  1.05 
Auto 0.92  0.69  0.92  0.69 
90+ day delinquency rate - Card Services 0.84  % 0.51  % 0.84  % 0.51  %
Allowance for loan losses
Banking & Wealth Management $ 731  $ 697  5  $ 731  $ 697  5 
Home Lending 777 
(f)
 785  (1) 777 
(f)
 785  (1)
Card Services 11,600  10,400  12  11,600  10,400  12 
Auto 717  740  (3) 717  740  (3)
Total allowance for loan losses $ 13,825 
(g)
 $ 12,622  10  % $ 13,825 
(g)
 $ 12,622  10  %
(a)At June 30, 2023 and 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $139 million and $257 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.
(b)At June 30, 2023 and 2022, generally excludes loans that were under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Refer to Credit Portfolio on pages 108-109 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on consumer assistance.
(c)At June 30, 2023 and 2022, included $163 million and $1.5 billion of loans, respectively, in Business Banking under the PPP. The Firm does not expect to realize material credit losses on PPP loans because the loans are guaranteed by the SBA. Refer to Credit Portfolio on pages 108-109 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the PPP.
(d)At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the principal balance of loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was $177 million and $513 million in Home Lending, respectively. Loans that are performing according to their modified terms are generally not considered delinquent. Refer to Credit Portfolio on pages 108-109 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on consumer assistance.
(e)At June 30, 2023 and 2022, excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $195 million and $315 million, respectively, that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(f)As of June 30, 2023, included a $377 million allowance established as part of the First Republic acquisition.
(g)On January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted changes to the TDR accounting guidance. The adoption of this guidance resulted in a net decrease in the allowance for loan losses of $591 million, driven by residential real estate and credit card. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
28

Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in billions, except ratios and where otherwise noted)
 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Business Metrics
Number of branches 4,874  4,822  1  % 4,874  4,822  1  %
Active digital customers (in thousands)(a)
 65,559 
(f)
 60,735  8  65,559 
(f)
 60,735  8 
Active mobile customers (in thousands)(b)
 51,963 
(f)
 47,436  10  51,963 
(f)
 47,436  10 
Debit and credit card sales volume
 $ 424.0  $ 397.0  7  $ 811.3  $ 748.5  8 
Total payments transaction volume (in trillions)(c)
 1.5 
(f)
 1.5  —  2.9 
(f)
 2.8  4 
Banking & Wealth Management
Average deposits
 $ 1,142.8 
(g)
 $ 1,163.4  (2) $ 1,120.7 
(g)
 $ 1,149.8  (3)
Deposit margin
 2.83  % 1.31  % 2.81  % 1.27  %
Business Banking average loans $ 19.6  $ 22.8  (14) $ 19.8  $ 23.8  (17)
Business banking origination volume 1.3  1.2  7  2.3  2.2  4 
Client investment assets(d)
 892.9  628.5  42  892.9  628.5  42 
Number of client advisors 5,153  4,890  5  5,153  4,890 5 
Home Lending
Mortgage origination volume by channel
Retail
 $ 7.3 
(h)
 $ 11.0  (34) $ 10.9 
(h)
 $ 26.1  (58)
Correspondent
3.9  10.9  (64) 6.0  20.5  (71)
Total mortgage origination volume(e)
 $ 11.2  $ 21.9  (49) $ 16.9  $ 46.6  (64)
Third-party mortgage loans serviced (period-end)
 $ 604.5  $ 575.6  5  604.5  $ 575.6  5 
MSR carrying value (period-end)
 8.2  7.4  11  8.2  7.4  11 
Card Services
Sales volume, excluding commercial card $ 294.0  $ 271.2  8  $ 560.2  $ 507.6  10 
Net revenue rate 9.11  % 9.59  % 9.73  % 9.72  %
Net yield on average loans 9.31  9.50  9.60  9.73 
Auto
Loan and lease origination volume
 $ 12.0  $ 7.0  71  $ 21.2  $ 15.4  38 
Average auto operating lease assets
 11.0  14.9  (26) % 11.3  15.6  (28) %
(a)Users of all web and/or mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.
(b)Users of all mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.
(c)Total payments transaction volume includes debit and credit card sales volume and gross outflows of ACH, ATM, teller, wires, BillPay, PayChase, Zelle, person-to-person and checks.
(d)Includes assets invested in managed accounts and J.P. Morgan mutual funds where AWM is the investment manager. Refer to AWM segment results on pages 41-44 for additional information. As of June 30, 2023, included $150.9 billion of client investment assets associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)Firmwide mortgage origination volume was $13.0 billion and $27.9 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $19.8 billion and $58.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(f)Excludes the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
(g)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $47.2 billion and $23.7 billion, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(h)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $1.1 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition.
29

CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK
Refer to pages 67-72 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on page 206 for a further discussion of the business profile of CIB.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Revenue
Investment banking fees (a)
 $ 1,557  $ 1,650  (6) % $ 3,211  $ 3,700  (13) %
Principal transactions 6,697  5,048  33  14,105  10,271  37 
Lending- and deposit-related fees 533  641  (17) 1,072  1,282  (16)
Commissions and other fees 1,219  1,328  (8) 2,453  2,660  (8)
Card income 400  337 
(c)
 19  715  603 
(c)
 19 
All other income 396  (199)
(c)
 NM 769  293 
(c)
 162 
Noninterest revenue 10,802  8,805  23  22,325  18,809  19 
Net interest income 1,717  3,198  (46) 3,794  6,770  (44)
Total net revenue(b)
 12,519  12,003  4  26,119  25,579  2 
Provision for credit losses 38  59  (36) 96  504  (81)
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense 3,461  3,510  (1) 7,546  7,516  — 
Noncompensation expense 3,433  3,300 
(c)
 4  6,831  6,657 
(c)
 3 
Total noninterest expense 6,894  6,810  1  14,377  14,173  1 
Income before income tax expense
 5,587  5,134  9  11,646  10,902  7 
Income tax expense 1,495  1,417 
(c)
 6  3,133  2,813 
(c)
 11 
Net income $ 4,092  $ 3,717  10  % $ 8,513  $ 8,089  5  %
Financial ratios
Return on equity 15  % 14  % 15  % 15  %
Overhead ratio 55  57 
(c)
 55  55 
Compensation expense as percentage of total net revenue
 28  29  29  29 
(c)
(a)Includes CB's share of revenue from investment banking products sold to CB clients through the CIB that is subject to a revenue sharing arrangement which is reported as a reduction in All other income.
(b)Includes tax-equivalent adjustments, predominantly due to income tax credits and other tax benefits related to alternative energy investments; income tax credits and amortization of the cost of investments in affordable housing projects; and tax-exempt income from municipal bonds of $953 million and $772 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $1.8 billion and $1.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(c)In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Revenue by business
Investment Banking
 $ 1,494  $ 1,351  11  % $ 3,054  $ 3,408  (10) %
Payments 2,451  1,519 
(b)
 61  4,847  3,420 
(b)
 42 
Lending 299  410  (27) 566  731  (23)
Total Banking 4,244  3,280  29  8,467  7,559  12 
Fixed Income Markets 4,567  4,711  (3) 10,266  10,409  (1)
Equity Markets 2,451  3,079  (20) 5,134  6,134  (16)
Securities Services 1,221  1,151  6  2,369  2,219  7 
Credit Adjustments & Other(a)
 36  (218) NM (117) (742) 84 
Total Markets & Securities Services
 8,275  8,723  (5) 17,652  18,020  (2)
Total net revenue $ 12,519  $ 12,003  4  % $ 26,119  $ 25,579  2  %
(a)Consists primarily of centrally managed credit valuation adjustments (“CVA”), funding valuation adjustments (“FVA”) on derivatives, other valuation adjustments, and certain components of fair value option elected liabilities, which are primarily reported in principal transactions revenue. Results are presented net of associated hedging activities and net of CVA and FVA amounts allocated to Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets.
(b)In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.


30

Quarterly results
Net income was $4.1 billion, up 10%.
Net revenue was $12.5 billion, up 4%.
Banking revenue was $4.2 billion, up 29%.
•Investment Banking revenue was $1.5 billion, up 11%. Excluding $257 million of markdowns on held-for-sale positions, primarily unfunded commitments, in the bridge financing portfolio recorded in the prior year, Investment Banking revenue was down 7%. Investment Banking fees were down 6%, driven by lower advisory fees. The Firm ranked #1 for Global Investment Banking fees, according to Dealogic.
–Advisory fees were $540 million, down 19%, due to a lower level of announced deals in prior periods amid a challenging environment.
–Debt underwriting fees were $699 million, down 6%, as challenging market conditions resulted in lower issuance activity in the leveraged loan market primarily related to acquisition financing.
–Equity underwriting fees were $318 million, up 30%, primarily due to higher convertible securities offerings and, in the second half of the quarter, follow-on offerings that benefited from the lower equity market volatility.
•Payments revenue was $2.5 billion, up 61%. Excluding the net impact of equity investments, Payments revenue was up 32%, driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates, partially offset by lower average deposits.
•Lending revenue was $299 million, down 27%, and included $80 million of fair value losses on hedges of retained loans.
Markets & Securities Services revenue was $8.3 billion, down 5%. Markets revenue was $7.0 billion, down 10%.
•Fixed Income Markets revenue was $4.6 billion, down 3%, reflecting lower revenue in Currencies & Emerging Markets, Commodities and Rates as the macro businesses substantially normalized from the prior year's elevated levels of volatility and client activity, largely offset by higher revenue in the Securitized Products Group and Credit Trading.
•Equity Markets revenue was $2.5 billion, down 20%, predominantly driven by lower revenue in Equity Derivatives, compared to a strong second quarter in the prior year.
•Securities Services revenue was $1.2 billion, up 6%, driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates, largely offset by lower fees and lower average deposits.
•Credit Adjustments & Other was a gain of $36 million, compared with a loss of $218 million in the prior year, largely driven by funding spread widening.
Noninterest expense was $6.9 billion, up 1%, driven by higher non-compensation expense, as well as wage inflation and headcount growth, largely offset by lower revenue-related compensation.
The provision for credit losses was $38 million, including net charge-offs of $56 million.
The prior year provision was $59 million.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 62-83 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 80-82 for a further discussion of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $8.5 billion, up 5%.
Net revenue was $26.1 billion, up 2%.
Banking revenue was $8.5 billion, up 12%.
•Investment Banking revenue was $3.1 billion, down 10%. Excluding $257 million of markdowns on held-for-sale positions, primarily unfunded commitments, in the bridge financing portfolio recorded in the second quarter of 2022, Investment Banking revenue was down 17%. Investment Banking fees were down 13%, driven by lower debt underwriting and advisory fees. The Firm ranked #1 for Global Investment Banking fees, according to Dealogic.
–Debt underwriting fees were $1.4 billion, down 22%, as challenging market conditions resulted in lower issuance activity in acquisition financing.
–Advisory fees were $1.3 billion, down 12%, due to a lower level of announced deals in prior periods amid a challenging environment.
–Equity underwriting fees were $553 million, up 12%, primarily due to higher convertible securities offerings and, in the second half of the second quarter, follow-on offerings that benefited from the lower equity market volatility.
•Payments revenue was $4.8 billion, up 42%, driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates, partially offset by lower average deposits.
•Lending revenue was $566 million, down 23%, driven by $183 million of fair value losses on hedges of retained loans, compared to $112 million of gains in the prior year, partially offset by higher net interest income.
Markets & Securities Services revenue was $17.7 billion, down 2%. Markets revenue was $15.4 billion, down 7%.
•Fixed Income Markets revenue was $10.3 billion, down 1%, reflecting lower revenue in Currencies & Emerging Markets and Commodities, largely offset by higher revenue in Rates, the Securitized Products Group and Credit Trading.
•Equity Markets revenue was $5.1 billion, down 16%, predominantly driven by lower revenue in Equity Derivatives.
•Securities Services revenue was $2.4 billion, up 7%, driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates, largely offset by lower fees and lower average deposits.
•Credit Adjustments & Other was a loss of $117 million, driven by losses on certain components of fair value option elected liabilities, compared with a loss of $742 million in the prior year, which was predominantly driven
31

by funding spread widening, and to a lesser extent losses on exposure relating to commodities and Russia and Russia-associated counterparties.
Noninterest expense was $14.4 billion, up 1%, driven by headcount growth, wage inflation and higher non-compensation expense, largely offset by lower revenue-related compensation.
The provision for credit losses was $96 million, driven by net charge-offs of $106 million.
The prior year provision was $504 million.
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets $ 1,432,054  $ 1,403,558  2  % $ 1,432,054  $ 1,403,558  2  %
Loans:
Loans retained(a)
 194,450  171,219  14  194,450  171,219  14 
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(b)
 38,959  46,032  (15) 38,959  46,032  (15)
Total loans 233,409  217,251  7  233,409  217,251  7 
Equity 108,000  103,000  5  108,000  103,000  5 
Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets $ 1,461,857  $ 1,429,953  2  $ 1,445,848  $ 1,418,955  2 
Trading assets-debt and equity instruments 533,082  411,079  30  511,047  415,190  23 
Trading assets-derivative receivables 63,094  83,582  (25) 63,553  75,184  (15)
Loans:
Loans retained(a)
 $ 189,153  $ 169,909  11  $ 187,372  $ 165,467  13 
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(b)
 38,132  48,048  (21) 40,339  49,714  (19)
Total loans $ 227,285  $ 217,957  4  $ 227,711  $ 215,181  6 
Deposits 722,818  773,664  (7) 711,266  765,200  (7)
Equity 108,000  103,000  5  108,000  103,000  5 
Headcount 74,822  69,447  8  % 74,822  69,447  8  %
(a)Loans retained includes credit portfolio loans, loans held by consolidated Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, trade finance loans, other held-for-investment loans and overdrafts.
(b)Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value primarily reflect lending-related positions originated and purchased in Markets, including loans held for securitization.


32

Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
 $ 56  $ 38  47  % $ 106  $ 58  83  %
Nonperforming assets:
Nonaccrual loans:
Nonaccrual loans retained(a)
 $ 924  $ 697  33  $ 924  $ 697  33 
Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(b)
 818  840  (3) 818  840  (3)
Total nonaccrual loans 1,742  1,537  13  1,742  1,537  13 
Derivative receivables 286  447  (36) 286  447  (36)
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
 133  84  58  133  84  58 
Total nonperforming assets $ 2,161  $ 2,068  4  $ 2,161  $ 2,068  4 
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses $ 2,531  $ 1,809  40  $ 2,531  $ 1,809  40 
Allowance for lending-related commitments 1,207  1,358  (11) 1,207  1,358  (11)
Total allowance for credit losses
 $ 3,738  $ 3,167  18  % $ 3,738  $ 3,167  18  %
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate(c)
 0.12  % 0.09  % 0.11  % 0.07  %
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained 1.30  1.06  1.30  1.06 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits(d)
 1.86  1.38  1.86  1.38 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained(a)
 274  260  274  260 
Nonaccrual loans to total period-end loans 0.75  % 0.71  % 0.75  % 0.71  %
(a)Allowance for loan losses of $145 million and $130 million were held against these nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)At June 30, 2023 and 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $76 million and $196 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(c)Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were excluded when calculating the net charge-off/(recovery) rate.
(d)Management uses allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits, a non-GAAP financial measure, to provide a more meaningful assessment of CIB’s allowance coverage ratio. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 20-21.

Investment banking fees
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Advisory
 $ 540  $ 664  (19) % $ 1,296  $ 1,465  (12) %
Equity underwriting
 318  245  30  553  494  12 
Debt underwriting(a)
 699  741  (6) 1,362  1,741  (22)
Total investment banking fees
 $ 1,557  $ 1,650  (6) % $ 3,211  $ 3,700  (13) %
(a)Represents long-term debt and loan syndications.













33

League table results – wallet share
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, Full-year 2022
2023 2022 2023 2022
Rank Share Rank Share Rank Share Rank Share Rank Share
Based on fees(a)
M&A(b)
Global # 2  8.7  % # 2  7.5  % # 2  9.3  % # 2  7.4  % # 2  8.0  %
U.S. 2  11.5  2  8.3  2  11.8  2  8.4  2  9.0 
Equity and equity-related(c)
Global 1  7.6  1  6.0  1  7.1  1  5.6  2  5.7 
U.S. 1  14.7  1  15.1  1  13.3  1  13.2  1  13.8 
Long-term debt(d)
Global 2  6.8  1  7.2  1  6.7  1  7.6  1  6.9 
U.S. 2  10.4  1  12.5  2  10.0  1  12.3  1  12.2 
Loan syndications
Global 1  12.4  1  12.2  1  12.6  1  11.3  1  11.0 
U.S. 1  15.7  1  13.9  1  16.1  1  11.9  1  12.7 
Global investment banking fees(e)
 # 1  8.3  % # 2  8.1  % # 1  8.4  % # 1  7.9  % # 1  7.8  %
(a)Source: Dealogic as of July 3, 2023. Reflects the ranking of revenue wallet and market share.
(b)Global M&A excludes any withdrawn transactions. U.S. M&A revenue wallet represents wallet from client parents based in the U.S.
(c)Global equity and equity-related ranking includes rights offerings and Chinese A-Shares.
(d)Long-term debt rankings include investment-grade, high-yield, supranationals, sovereigns, agencies, covered bonds, asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”); and exclude money market, short-term debt and U.S. municipal securities.
(e)Global investment banking fees exclude money market, short-term debt and shelf securities.

































34

Markets revenue
The following table summarizes selected income statement data for the Markets businesses. Markets includes both Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets. Markets revenue consists of principal transactions, fees, commissions and other income, as well as net interest income. The Firm assesses its Markets business performance on a total revenue basis, as offsets may occur across revenue line items. For example, securities that generate net interest income may be risk-managed by derivatives that are
reflected at fair value in principal transactions revenue. Refer to Notes 6 and 7 for a description of the composition of these income statement line items. Refer to Markets revenue on page 70 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
For the periods presented below, the primary source of principal transactions revenue was the amount recognized upon executing new transactions.
Three months ended June 30, Three months ended June 30,
2023 2022

(in millions)		 Fixed Income Markets Equity
Markets		 Total
Markets		 Fixed Income Markets Equity
Markets		 Total
Markets
Principal transactions
 $ 3,120  $ 3,350  $ 6,470  $ 2,934  $ 2,448  $ 5,382 
Lending- and deposit-related fees
 76  7  83  76  4  80 
Commissions and other fees 151  472  623  128  516  644 
All other income 369  (40) 329  166  (31) 135 
Noninterest revenue 3,716  3,789  7,505  3,304  2,937  6,241 
Net interest income(a)
 851  (1,338) (487) 1,407  142  1,549 
Total net revenue $ 4,567  $ 2,451  $ 7,018  $ 4,711  $ 3,079  $ 7,790 
Six months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022

(in millions)		 Fixed Income Markets Equity
Markets		 Total
Markets		 Fixed Income Markets Equity
Markets		 Total
Markets
Principal transactions
 $ 7,518  $ 6,379  $ 13,897  $ 6,323  $ 4,732  $ 11,055 
Lending- and deposit-related fees
 146  14  160  154  8  162 
Commissions and other fees 295  994  1,289  284  1,063  1,347 
All other income 700  (54) 646  283  (71) 212 
Noninterest revenue 8,659  7,333  15,992  7,044  5,732  12,776 
Net interest income(a)
 1,607  (2,199) (592) 3,365  402  3,767 
Total net revenue $ 10,266  $ 5,134  $ 15,400  $ 10,409  $ 6,134  $ 16,543 
(a)The decline in Markets net interest income was driven by higher funding costs.
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Assets under custody (“AUC”) by asset class (period-end)
(in billions):
Fixed Income $ 14,708  $ 14,720  —  % $ 14,708  $ 14,720  —  %
Equity 11,892  10,359  15  11,892  10,359  15 
Other(a)
 3,824  3,500  9  3,824  3,500  9 
Total AUC $ 30,424  $ 28,579  6  $ 30,424  $ 28,579  6 
Merchant processing volume (in billions)(b)
 $ 600.1  $ 539.6  11  $ 1,158.9  $ 1,029.8  13 
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities (average)(c)
 $ 647,479  $ 722,388  (10) % $ 640,642  $ 715,791  (10) %
(a)Consists of mutual funds, unit investment trusts, currencies, annuities, insurance contracts, options and other contracts.
(b)Represents Firmwide merchant processing volume.
(c)Client deposits and other third-party liabilities pertain to the Payments and Securities Services businesses.
35

International metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Total net revenue(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa $ 3,813  $ 4,280  (11) % $ 8,081  $ 8,972  (10) %
Asia-Pacific 1,889  2,023  (7) 4,022  4,008  — 
Latin America/Caribbean 543  464  17  1,105  1,141  (3)
Total international net revenue
 6,245  6,767  (8) 13,208  14,121  (6)
North America 6,274  5,236 
(c)
 20  12,911  11,458 
(c)
 13 
Total net revenue $ 12,519  $ 12,003  4  $ 26,119  $ 25,579  2 
Loans retained (period-end)(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa $ 39,752  $ 35,524  12  $ 39,752  $ 35,524  12 
Asia-Pacific 14,789  16,427  (10) 14,789  16,427  (10)
Latin America/Caribbean 8,704  7,961  9  8,704  7,961  9 
Total international loans 63,245  59,912  6  63,245  59,912  6 
North America 131,205  111,307  18  131,205  111,307  18 
Total loans retained $ 194,450  $ 171,219  14  $ 194,450  $ 171,219  14 
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities (average)(b)
Europe/Middle East/Africa $ 228,490  $ 272,919  (16) $ 229,655  $ 259,781  (12)
Asia-Pacific 128,253  129,514  (1) 127,146  132,126  (4)
Latin America/Caribbean 38,911  41,785  (7) 38,825  42,720  (9)
Total international $ 395,654  $ 444,218  (11) $ 395,626  $ 434,627  (9)
North America 251,825  278,170  (9) 245,016  281,164  (13)
Total client deposits and other third-party liabilities
 $ 647,479  $ 722,388  (10) $ 640,642  $ 715,791  (10)
AUC (period-end)(b)
(in billions)
North America $ 20,512  $ 18,816  9  $ 20,512  $ 18,816  9 
All other regions 9,912  9,763  2  9,912  9,763  2 
Total AUC $ 30,424  $ 28,579  6  % $ 30,424  $ 28,579  6  %
(a)Total net revenue and loans retained (excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value) are based on the location of the trading desk, booking location, or domicile of the client, as applicable.
(b)Client deposits and other third-party liabilities pertaining to the Payments and Securities Services businesses, and AUC, are based on the domicile of the client.
(c)In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
36

COMMERCIAL BANKING
Refer to pages 73-75 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on page 207 for a discussion of the business profile of CB.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Revenue
Lending- and deposit-related fees $ 249  $ 348  (28) % $ 476  $ 712  (33) %
Card income 201  170  18  374  337  11 
All other income 385  386  —  766  722  6 
Noninterest revenue 835  904  (8) 1,616  1,771  (9)
Net interest income 3,153 
(b)
 1,779  77  5,883 
(b)
 3,310  78 
Total net revenue(a)
 3,988  2,683  49  7,499  5,081  48 
Provision for credit losses
 1,097 
(b)
 209  425  1,514 
(b)
 366  314 
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
 656  559  17  1,297  1,112  17 
Noncompensation expense 644  597  8  1,311  1,173  12 
Total noninterest expense 1,300  1,156  12  2,608  2,285  14 
Income before income tax expense 1,591  1,318  21  3,377  2,430  39 
Income tax expense 383  324  18  822  586  40 
Net income $ 1,208  $ 994  22  % $ 2,555  $ 1,844  39  %
(a)Total net revenue included tax-equivalent adjustments from income tax credits related to equity investments in designated community development entities and in entities established for rehabilitation of historic properties, as well as tax-exempt income related to municipal financing activities of $89 million and $73 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $171 million and $142 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.


Selected income statement data (continued)
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Revenue by product
Lending $ 1,480 
(c)
 $ 1,058  40  % $ 2,702 
(c)
 $ 2,163  25  %
Payments 2,248  1,253  79  4,276  2,275  88 
Investment banking(a)
 213  234  (9) 463  453  2 
Other 47  138  (66) 58  190  (69)
Total net revenue $ 3,988  $ 2,683  49  $ 7,499  $ 5,081  48 
Investment Banking and Markets revenue, gross(b)
 $ 767  $ 788  (3) $ 1,648  $ 1,517  9 
Revenue by client segments
Middle Market Banking $ 1,916 
(d)
 $ 1,169  64  $ 3,597 
(d)
 $ 2,149  67 
Corporate Client Banking 1,229  927  33  2,405  1,757  37 
Commercial Real Estate Banking 806 
(d)
 590  37  1,448 
(d)
 1,171  24 
Other 37  (3) NM 49  4  NM
Total net revenue $ 3,988  $ 2,683  49  % $ 7,499  $ 5,081  48  %
Financial ratios
Return on equity 16  % 15  % 17  % 14  %
Overhead ratio 33  43  35  45 
(a)Includes CB’s share of revenue from investment banking products sold to CB clients through the CIB which is reported in All other income.
(b)Includes gross revenues earned by the Firm that are subject to a revenue sharing arrangement between CB and the CIB for Investment Banking and Markets' products sold to CB clients. This includes revenues related to fixed income and equity markets products. Refer to Business Segment Results on page 22 for discussion of revenue sharing.
(c)Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
(d)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $48 million and $130 million for Middle Market Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
37

Quarterly results
Net income was $1.2 billion, up 22%.
Net revenue was $4.0 billion, up 49%. Net interest income was $3.2 billion, up 77%, predominantly driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates and higher average loans, partially offset by lower average deposits.
Noninterest revenue was $835 million, down 8%, driven by lower deposit-related fees due to the higher level of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees, partially offset by higher card income.
Noninterest expense was $1.3 billion, up 12%, predominantly driven by higher compensation expense, including headcount growth, as well as higher volume-related expense.
The provision for credit losses was $1.1 billion, reflecting an addition of $608 million to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments. The net addition also reflected $389 million driven by updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate, as well as net downgrade activity in Middle Market Banking.
The prior year provision was $209 million.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 62-83 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 80-82 for further discussions of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $2.6 billion, up 39%.
Net revenue was $7.5 billion, up 48%. Net interest income was $5.9 billion, up 78%, driven by deposit margin expansion on higher rates and higher average loans, partially offset by lower average deposits.
Noninterest revenue was $1.6 billion, down 9%, driven by lower deposit-related fees due to the higher level of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees, partially offset by higher card income.
Noninterest expense was $2.6 billion, up 14%, largely driven by higher compensation expense, including headcount growth, as well as higher volume-related expense.
The provision for credit losses was $1.5 billion, reflecting an addition of $608 million to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments, in the second quarter of 2023. The net addition also reflected $768 million driven by a deterioration in the Firm's weighted-average economic outlook, including updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate, as well as net downgrade activity.
The prior year provision was $366 million.
38

Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
Total assets $ 305,280  $ 242,456  26  % $ 305,280  $ 242,456  26  %
Loans:
Loans retained 282,124 
(b)
 223,541  26  282,124 
(b)
 223,541  26 
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
 1,540  566  172  1,540  566  172 
Total loans $ 283,664  $ 224,107  27  $ 283,664  $ 224,107  27 
Equity 30,000  25,000  20  30,000  25,000  20 
Period-end loans by client segment
Middle Market Banking(a)
 $ 79,885 
(c)
 $ 68,535  17  $ 79,885 
(c)
 $ 68,535  17 
Corporate Client Banking 60,511  49,503  22  60,511  49,503  22 
Commercial Real Estate Banking
 142,897 
(c)
 105,982  35  142,897 
(c)
 105,982  35 
Other 371  87  326  371  87  326 
Total loans(a)
 $ 283,664 
 
 $ 224,107  27  $ 283,664 
 
 $ 224,107  27 
Selected balance sheet data (average)
Total assets $ 290,875  $ 239,381  22  $ 273,269  $ 236,444  16 
Loans:
Loans retained 270,091 
(d)
 218,478  24  253,542 
(d)
 213,536  19 
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
 726  1,004  (28) 939  1,572  (40)
Total loans $ 270,817  $ 219,482  23  $ 254,481  $ 215,108  18 
Average loans by client segment
Middle Market Banking $ 78,037 
(e)
 $ 66,640  17  $ 75,547 
(e)
 $ 64,550  17 
Corporate Client Banking 59,159  47,832  24  57,877  46,720  24 
Commercial Real Estate Banking
 133,394 
(e)
 104,890  27  120,838 
(e)
 103,701  17 
Other 227  120  89  219  137  60 
Total loans $ 270,817  $ 219,482  23  $ 254,481  $ 215,108  18 
Deposits 275,196  300,339  (8) 270,595  308,518  (12)
Equity 29,505  25,000  18  29,005  25,000  16 
Headcount 15,991  13,811  16  % 15,991  13,811  16  %
(a)At June 30, 2023 and 2022, total loans included $65 million and $335 million of loans, respectively, under the PPP, of which $60 million and $306 million were in Middle Market Banking, respectively. Refer to Credit Portfolio on pages 108-109 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the PPP.
(b)Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
(c)As of June 30, 2023, included $6.2 billion and $33.3 billion for Middle Market Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(d)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $28.6 billion and $14.4 billion, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)For the three months ended June 30, 2023, included $4.4 billion and $24.2 billion for Middle Market Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2023, included $2.2 billion and $12.2 billion for Middle Market Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
39

Selected metrics (continued)
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Credit data and quality statistics
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) $ 100  $ 1  NM $ 137  $ 7  NM
Nonperforming assets
Nonaccrual loans:
Nonaccrual loans retained(a)
 $ 1,068  $ 761  40  % $ 1,068  $ 761  40  %
Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total nonaccrual loans $ 1,068  $ 761  40  $ 1,068  $ 761  40 
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
 —  8  NM —  8  NM
Total nonperforming assets $ 1,068  $ 769  39  $ 1,068  $ 769  39 
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses $ 4,729  $ 2,602  82  $ 4,729  $ 2,602  82 
Allowance for lending-related commitments 801  725  10  801  725  10 
Total allowance for credit losses
 $ 5,530 
(c)
 $ 3,327  66  % $ 5,530 
(c)
 $ 3,327  66  %
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate(b)
 0.15  % —  % 0.11  % 0.01  %
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained 1.68  1.16  1.68  1.16 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained(a)
 443  342  443  342 
Nonaccrual loans to period-end total loans
 0.38  0.34  0.38  0.34 
(a)Allowance for loan losses of $205 million and $74 million was held against nonaccrual loans retained at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were excluded when calculating the net charge-off/(recovery) rate.
(c)As of June 30, 2023, included a $608 million allowance established as part of the First Republic acquisition.

40

ASSET & WEALTH MANAGEMENT
Refer to pages 76-78 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and Line of Business Metrics on pages 207–208 for a discussion of the business profile of AWM.
Selected income statement data
(in millions, except ratios)
 Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Revenue
Asset management fees $ 2,930  $ 2,797  5  % $ 5,691  $ 5,696  —  %
Commissions and other fees 196  240  (18) 377  456  (17)
All other income 232 
(a)
 47  394  623 
(a)
 171  264 
Noninterest revenue 3,358  3,084  9  6,691  6,323  6 
Net interest income 1,585 
(a)
 1,222  30  3,036 
(a)
 2,298  32 
Total net revenue 4,943  4,306  15  9,727  8,621  13 
Provision for credit losses 145 
(a)
 44  230  173 
(a)
 198  (13)
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense 1,746  1,508  16  3,481  3,038  15 
Noncompensation expense 1,417  1,411  —  2,773  2,741  1 
Total noninterest expense 3,163  2,919  8  6,254  5,779  8 
Income before income tax expense 1,635  1,343  22  3,300  2,644  25 
Income tax expense 409  339  21  707  632  12 
Net income $ 1,226  $ 1,004  22  $ 2,593  $ 2,012  29 
Revenue by line of business
Asset Management $ 2,128  $ 2,137  —  $ 4,562  $ 4,451  2 
Global Private Bank 2,815 
(a)
 2,169  30  5,165 
(a)
 4,170  24 
Total net revenue $ 4,943  $ 4,306  15  % $ 9,727  $ 8,621  13  %
Financial ratios
Return on equity 29  % 23  % 31  % 23  %
Overhead ratio 64  68  64  67 
Pre-tax margin ratio:
Asset Management 27  29  32  31 
Global Private Bank 37  33  35  30 
Asset & Wealth Management 33  31  34  31 
(a)Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.

Quarterly results
Net income was $1.2 billion, up 22%.
Net revenue was $4.9 billion, up 15%. Net interest income was $1.6 billion, up 30%. Noninterest revenue was $3.4 billion, up 9%.
Revenue from Asset Management was $2.1 billion, flat compared to the prior year, driven by:
•lower NII due to higher funding costs,
largely offset by
•higher management fees on strong net inflows.
Revenue from Global Private Bank was $2.8 billion, up 30%, predominantly driven by:
•deposit margin expansion reflecting higher rates on lower average deposit balances, and
•higher lending-related fees and average loans driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Noninterest expense was $3.2 billion, up 8%, driven by higher compensation, including growth in private banking advisor teams, higher revenue-related compensation and
the impact from the acquisitions of Global Shares and J.P. Morgan Asset Management China.
The provision for credit losses was $145 million, driven by a $146 million addition to the allowance for credit losses to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments.
Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 62-83 and Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 80-82 for further discussions of the credit portfolios and the allowance for credit losses.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $2.6 billion, up 29%.
Net revenue was $9.7 billion, up 13%. Net interest income was $3.0 billion, up 32%. Noninterest revenue was $6.7 billion, up 6%.
Revenue from Asset Management was $4.6 billion, up 2%, driven by:
•a gain of $339 million on the original minority interest in CIFM upon the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in the entity,
41

largely offset by
•lower NII driven by higher funding costs,
•lower performance fees, and
•lower asset management fees reflecting a decline in market levels predominantly offset by the removal of most money market fund fee waivers in the prior year and the impact of net inflows.
Revenue from Global Private Bank was $5.2 billion, up 24%, driven by:
•deposit margin expansion reflecting higher rates on lower average deposit balances, and
•higher lending-related fees and average loans driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition,
partially offset by
•an investment valuation loss in the first quarter of 2023.
Noninterest expense was $6.3 billion, up 8%, predominantly driven by higher compensation, including growth in private banking advisor teams, higher revenue-related compensation and the impact from the acquisitions of Global Shares and J.P. Morgan Asset Management China.
The provision for credit losses was $173 million, predominantly driven by a $146 million addition to the allowance for credit losses to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments, in the second quarter of 2023.
The prior year provision was $198 million.
Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ranking data, headcount and ratios)
 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
% of JPM mutual fund assets rated as 4- or 5-star(a)
 69  % 72  % 69  % 72  %
% of JPM mutual fund assets ranked in 1st or 2nd quartile:(b)
1 year 59  64  59  64 
3 years 66  73  66  73 
5 years 80  79  80  79 
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)(c)
Total assets $ 247,118  $ 235,553  5  % $ 247,118  $ 235,553  5  %
Loans 222,493 
(d)
 218,841  2  222,493 
(d)
 218,841  2 
Deposits 199,763  257,437  (22) 199,763  257,437  (22)
Equity 17,000  17,000  —  17,000  17,000  — 
Selected balance sheet data (average)(c)
Total assets $ 238,987  $ 234,565  2  $ 233,933  $ 233,444  — 
Loans 219,469 
(e)
 216,846  1  215,491 
(e)
 215,735  — 
Deposits 211,872  268,861  (21) 218,078  278,256  (22)
Equity 16,670  17,000  (2) 16,337  17,000  (4)
Headcount 26,931  23,981  12  26,931  23,981  12 
Number of Global Private Bank client advisors 3,214  2,866  12  3,214  2,866  12 
Credit data and quality statistics(c)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) $ 2  $ 9  (78) $ —  $ 8  NM
Nonaccrual loans 615  620  (1) 615  620  (1)
Allowance for credit losses:
Allowance for loan losses $ 649  $ 547  19  $ 649  $ 547  19 
Allowance for lending-related commitments
 39  22  77  39  22  77 
Total allowance for credit losses
 $ 688 
(f)
 $ 569  21  % $ 688 
(f)
 $ 569  21  %
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate —  % 0.02  % —  % 0.01  %
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans
 0.29  0.25  0.29  0.25 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans
 106  88  106  88 
Nonaccrual loans to period-end loans
 0.28  0.28  0.28  0.28 
(a)Represents the Morningstar Rating for all domiciled funds except for Japan domiciled funds which use Nomura. Includes only Asset Management retail open-ended mutual funds that have a rating. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil domiciled funds.
(b)Quartile ranking sourced from Morningstar, Lipper and Nomura based on country of domicile. Includes only Asset Management retail open-ended mutual funds that are ranked by the aforementioned sources. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil domiciled funds.
(c)Loans, deposits and related credit data and quality statistics relate to the Global Private Bank business.
(d)Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to page 24 for additional information.
(e)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, included $9.7 billion and $4.9 billion, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(f)As of June 30, 2023, included a $146 million allowance established as part of the First Republic acquisition.


42

Client assets
Assets under management of $3.2 trillion were up 16%, while client assets of $4.6 trillion were up 20%, driven by continued net inflows, higher market levels and the impact of the acquisition of Global Shares.
Client assets
As of June 30,
(in billions) 2023 2022 Change
Assets by asset class
Liquidity $ 826  $ 654  26  %
Fixed income 718  624  15 
Equity 792  641  24 
Multi-asset 647  615  5 
Alternatives 205  209  (2)
Total assets under management 3,188  2,743  16 
Custody/brokerage/administration/deposits
 1,370 
(b)
 1,055  30 
Total client assets(a)
 $ 4,558  $ 3,798  20 
Assets by client segment
Private Banking $ 881  $ 712  24 
Global Institutional 1,423  1,294  10 
Global Funds 884  737  20 
Total assets under management $ 3,188  $ 2,743  16 
Private Banking
 $ 2,170 
(b)
 $ 1,715  27 
Global Institutional 1,497  1,339  12 
Global Funds 891  744  20 
Total client assets(a)
 $ 4,558  $ 3,798  20  %
(a)Includes CCB client investment assets invested in managed accounts and J.P. Morgan mutual funds where AWM is the investment manager.
(b)Includes the impact of the acquisition of Global Shares.
Client assets (continued)

Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in billions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Assets under management rollforward
Beginning balance $ 3,006  $ 2,960  $ 2,766  $ 3,113 
Net asset flows:
Liquidity 60  —  153  (52)
Fixed income 37  (1) 63  (4)
Equity
 20  9  42  20 
Multi-asset 3  (3) 1  3 
Alternatives 1  1  2  6 
Market/performance/other impacts
 61  (223) 161  (343)
Ending balance, June 30 $ 3,188  $ 2,743  $ 3,188  $ 2,743 
Client assets rollforward
Beginning balance $ 4,347  $ 4,116  $ 4,048  $ 4,295 
Net asset flows 112  (1) 264  (6)
Market/performance/other impacts
 99  (317) 246  (491)
Ending balance, June 30 $ 4,558  $ 3,798  $ 4,558  $ 3,798 

43

International
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Total net revenue(a)
Europe/Middle East/Africa $ 853  $ 719  19  % $ 1,700  $ 1,489  14  %
Asia-Pacific 497  452  10  974  912  7 
Latin America/Caribbean 247  248  —  487  499  (2)
Total international net revenue
 1,597  1,419  13  3,161  2,900  9 
North America 3,346  2,887  16  6,566  5,721  15 
Total net revenue(a)
 $ 4,943  $ 4,306  15  % $ 9,727  $ 8,621  13  %
(a)Regional revenue is based on the domicile of the client.
As of June 30, As of June 30,
(in billions)
 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Assets under management
Europe/Middle East/Africa $ 527  $ 481  10  % $ 527  $ 481  10  %
Asia-Pacific 252  214  18  252  214  18 
Latin America/Caribbean 79  68  16  79  68  16 
Total international assets under management
 858  763  12  858  763  12 
North America 2,330  1,980  18  2,330  1,980  18 
Total assets under management
 $ 3,188  $ 2,743  16  $ 3,188  $ 2,743  16 
Client assets
Europe/Middle East/Africa $ 663  $ 595  11  $ 663  $ 595  11 
Asia-Pacific 378  324  17  378  324  17 
Latin America/Caribbean 217  184  18  217  184  18 
Total international client assets
 1,258  1,103  14  1,258  1,103  14 
North America 3,300  2,695  22  3,300  2,695  22 
Total client assets $ 4,558  $ 3,798  20  % $ 4,558  $ 3,798  20  %

44

CORPORATE
Refer to pages 79-80 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of Corporate.
Selected income statement and balance sheet data
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Revenue
Principal transactions $ 113  $ 17  NM $ 195  $ (144) NM
Investment securities losses (900) (153) (488) % (1,768) (547) (223) %
All other income 2,767 
(c)
 (108) NM 2,798 
(c)
 102  NM
Noninterest revenue 1,980  (244) NM 1,225  (589) NM
Net interest income 1,738 
(c)
 324  436  3,478 
(c)
 (212) NM
Total net revenue(a)
 3,718  80  NM 4,703  (801) NM
Provision for credit losses (243) 28  NM 127  57  123 
Noninterest expense 1,152 
(c)
 206  459  1,312 
(c)
 390  236 
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
 2,809  (154) NM 3,264  (1,248) NM
Income tax expense/(benefit) 169 
(d)
 20 

NM 380 
(d)
 (218) NM
Net income/(loss) $ 2,640  $ (174)

NM $ 2,884  $ (1,030) NM
Total net revenue
Treasury and CIO $ 1,261  $ 82  NM $ 2,367  $ (862) NM
Other Corporate 2,457 
(c)
 (2) NM 2,336 
(c)
 61  NM
Total net revenue $ 3,718  $ 80  NM $ 4,703  $ (801) NM
Net income/(loss)
Treasury and CIO $ 1,057  $ 88  NM $ 1,681  $ (660) NM
Other Corporate 1,583 
(c)
 (262)

NM 1,203 
(c)
 (370) NM
Total net income/(loss) $ 2,640  $ (174)

NM $ 2,884  $ (1,030) NM
Total assets (period-end) $ 1,263,595  $ 1,459,528  (13) $ 1,263,595  $ 1,459,528  (13)
Loans (period-end) 2,172  2,187  (1) 2,172  2,187  (1)
Deposits (period-end)(b)
 21,083 

13,191  60  21,083  13,191  60 
Headcount 45,235  40,348  12  % 45,235 

40,348  12  %
(a)Included tax-equivalent adjustments, driven by tax-exempt income from municipal bonds, of $45 million and $60 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $101 million and $118 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)Predominantly relates to the Firm's international consumer initiatives.
(c)Includes the impacts of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(d)Income taxes associated with the First Republic acquisition are reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain.

Quarterly results
Net income was $2.6 billion, compared with a net loss of $174 million in the prior year.
Net revenue was $3.7 billion, compared with $80 million in the prior year, driven by higher net interest income due to higher rates, partially offset by lower Firmwide average deposit balances available for deployment in Treasury and CIO .
Noninterest revenue was $2.0 billion, compared with a loss of $244 million in the prior year, driven by:
•a $2.7 billion estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition
•higher revenue related to cash deployment transactions in Treasury and CIO, and
•higher losses in the prior year on certain revenues associated with foreign exchange rate movements,
partially offset by
•higher net investment securities losses on sales of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS, associated with repositioning the investment securities portfolio, and
•net losses on certain legacy private equity investments in Corporate, compared with net gains in the prior year
Noninterest expense of $1.2 billion was up $946 million driven by expense of $562 million associated with the First Republic acquisition, higher legal expense, and a greater benefit in the prior year on certain expenses associated with foreign exchange rate movements.
The net impact of movements in foreign exchange rates associated with the foreign exchange risk that was transferred to Treasury and CIO on certain revenues and expense were not material to net income.
45

Refer to Foreign Exchange Risk on page 22 for additional information.
The provision for credit losses was a net benefit of $243 million, reflecting a reduction in the allowance for credit losses associated with the deposit placed with First Republic Bank in the first quarter of 2023.
Refer to Note 10 for additional information on the investment securities portfolio, and Note 13 for additional information on the allowance for credit losses.
The current period tax expense benefited from the income tax expense associated with the First Republic acquisition reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain, partially offset by changes in the level and mix of income and expenses subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes that also impact the Firm’s tax reserves.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $2.9 billion, compared with a net loss of $1.0 billion in the prior year.
Net revenue was $4.7 billion, compared with a loss of $801 million in the prior year, driven by higher net interest income due to higher rates, partially offset by lower Firmwide average deposit balances available for deployment in Treasury and CIO.
Noninterest revenue was $1.2 billion, compared with a loss of $589 million, driven by:
•a $2.7 billion estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition,
•higher revenue related to cash deployment transactions in Treasury and CIO, and
•higher losses in the prior year on certain revenues associated with foreign exchange rate movements,
partially offset by
•higher net investment securities losses related to the sales of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS, associated with repositioning the investment securities portfolio,
•the absence of proceeds in the prior year from an insurance settlement, and
•lower net gains related to certain other Corporate investments.
Noninterest expense of $1.3 billion was up $922 million driven by expense of $562 million associated with the First Republic acquisition , higher legal expense, and a greater benefit in the prior year on certain expenses associated with foreign exchange rate movements.
The net impact of movements in foreign exchange rates associated with the foreign exchange risk that was transferred to Treasury and CIO on certain revenues and expense were not material to net income. Refer to Foreign Exchange Risk on page 22 for additional information.
The current period tax expense benefited from the income tax expense associated with the First Republic acquisition reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain, largely offset by changes in the level and mix of income and expenses subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes that also impact the Firm’s tax reserves.
Other Corporate also reflects the Firm's international consumer initiatives, which includes Chase U.K., the Firm's digital retail bank in the U.K.; Nutmeg, a digital wealth manager in the U.K.; and a 40% ownership stake in C6 Bank, a digital bank in Brazil.
Treasury and CIO overview
At June 30, 2023, the average credit rating of the Treasury and CIO investment securities comprising the portfolio in the table below was AA+ (based upon external ratings where available and, where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings). Refer to Note 10 for further information on the Firm’s investment securities portfolio and internal risk ratings.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 for further information on liquidity and funding risk. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 84-89 for information on interest rate and foreign exchange risks.
Selected income statement and balance sheet data
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 Change 2023 2022 Change
Investment securities losses $ (900) $ (153) (488) % $ (1,768) $ (547) (223) %
Available-for-sale securities (average)
 $ 198,620  $ 252,121  (21) $ 200,687  $ 278,073  (28)
Held-to-maturity securities (average)(a)
 410,594  418,843  (2) 413,953  391,978  6 
Investment securities portfolio (average) $ 609,214  $ 670,964  (9) $ 614,640  $ 670,051  (8)
Available-for-sale securities (period-end) $ 201,211 
(c)
 $ 220,213  (9) $ 201,211 
(c)
 $ 220,213  (9)
Held-to-maturity securities (period-end)(a)
 408,941  441,649  (7) 408,941  441,649  (7)
Investment securities portfolio, net of allowance for credit losses (period-end)(b)
 $ 610,152  $ 661,862  (8) % $ 610,152  $ 661,862  (8) %
(a)Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted new hedge accounting guidance. As permitted by the guidance, the Firm elected to transfer $7.1 billion of HTM securities to AFS. During 2022, the Firm transferred $78.3 billion of investment securities from AFS to HTM for capital management purposes. Refer to Note 1 and Note 10 for additional information on the new hedge accounting guidance.
(b)As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the allowance for credit losses on investment securities was $74 million and $47 million, respectively.
(c)As of June 30, 2023, included $25.8 billion of AFS securities associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
46

FIRMWIDE RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk is an inherent part of JPMorgan Chase’s business activities. When the Firm extends a consumer or wholesale loan, advises customers and clients on their investment decisions, makes markets in securities, or offers other products or services, the Firm takes on some degree of risk. The Firm’s overall objective is to manage its business, and the associated risks, in a manner that balances serving the interests of its clients, customers and investors, and protecting the safety and soundness of the Firm.
The Firm believes that effective risk management requires, among other things:
•Acceptance of responsibility, including identification and escalation of risks by all individuals within the Firm;
•Ownership of risk identification, assessment, data and management within each of the LOBs and Corporate; and
•A Firmwide risk governance and oversight structure.
The Firm follows a disciplined and balanced compensation framework with strong internal governance and independent oversight by the Board of Directors (the “Board”). The impact of risk and control issues is carefully considered in the Firm’s performance evaluation and incentive compensation processes.
Risk governance framework
The Firm’s risk governance framework involves understanding drivers of risks, types of risks, and impacts of risks.
jpmcgovernancea07.jpg
Refer to pages 81-84 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of Firmwide risk management governance and oversight.
Risk governance and oversight functions
The following sections of this Form 10-Q and the 2022 Form 10-K discuss the risk governance and oversight functions in place to manage the risks inherent in the Firm’s business activities.
Risk governance and oversight functions Form 10-Q page reference Form 10-K page reference
Strategic Risk 85
Capital Risk 48–53 86-96
Liquidity Risk 54–61 97-104
Reputation Risk 105
Consumer Credit Risk 65–69 110-115
Wholesale Credit Risk 70–79 116-126
Investment Portfolio Risk 130
Market Risk 84–89 131-138
Country Risk 139-140
Climate Risk 141
Operational Risk 142-148
Compliance Risk 145
Conduct Risk 146
Legal Risk 147
Estimations and Model Risk 148

47

CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Capital risk is the risk the Firm has an insufficient level or composition of capital to support the Firm’s business activities and associated risks during normal economic environments and under stressed conditions.
Refer to pages 86-96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K, Note 23 of this Form 10-Q and the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for a further discussion of the Firm’s capital risk.
Basel III Overview
The capital rules under Basel III establish minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards for large and internationally active U.S. Bank Holding Companies (“BHCs”) and banks, including the Firm and its insured depository institution (“IDI”) subsidiaries, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The minimum amount of regulatory capital that must be held by BHCs and banks is determined by calculating risk-weighted assets ("RWA"), which are on-balance sheet assets and off-balance sheet exposures, weighted according to risk. Two comprehensive approaches are prescribed for calculating RWA: a standardized approach (“Basel III Standardized”), and an advanced approach (“Basel III Advanced”). For each of the risk-based capital ratios, the capital adequacy of the Firm is evaluated against the lower of the Standardized or Advanced approaches compared to their respective regulatory capital ratio requirements. The Firm’s Basel III Standardized risk-based ratios are currently more binding than the Basel III Advanced risk-based ratios.
Basel III also includes a requirement for Advanced Approaches banking organizations, including the Firm, to calculate its SLR. Refer to SLR on page 51 for additional information.
Key Regulatory Developments
CECL regulatory capital transition
Beginning January 1, 2022, the $2.9 billion CECL capital benefit, provided by the Federal Reserve in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is being phased out at 25% per year over a three-year period. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm's CET1 capital reflected the remaining $1.4 billion benefit associated with the CECL capital transition provisions.
Additionally, effective January 1, 2023, the Firm phased out 50% of the other CECL capital transition provisions which impacted Tier 2 capital, adjusted average assets, total leverage exposure and RWA, as applicable.
Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 86-96 and Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on CECL capital transition provisions and the CECL accounting guidance.

Risk-based Capital Targets
The Firm’s target for its Basel III Standardized CET1 capital ratio for the first quarter of 2024 remains at 13.5%. The Firm’s quarterly capital ratios may vary from the target dependent on market conditions. The target is based on the Basel III capital rules currently in effect.
Basel III Finalization
In July 2023, the Federal Reserve, the OCC and the FDIC released a proposal to amend the risk-based capital framework, entitled "Regulatory capital rule: Amendments applicable to large banking organizations and to banking organizations with significant trading activity". Under the proposal, changes would include replacement of the advanced approach with an expanded risk-based approach, which would not permit the use of internal models for the calculation of risk-weighted assets, other than for Market risk. In addition, the stress capital buffer requirement would be applicable to both the expanded risk-based approach and the standardized approach. The proposal would significantly revise risk-based capital requirements for all banks with assets of $100 billion or more, including the Firm and other U.S. GSIBs. The proposed effective date is July 1, 2025 with a three year transition period applicable to the expanded risk-based approach.

GSIB Surcharge
In July 2023, the Federal Reserve also released a proposal to amend the calculation of the GSIB surcharge. If adopted as proposed, these amendments would require the Firm to assess its GSIB surcharge on an annual basis, using the average of the quarterly surcharge calculations throughout the calendar year, with daily averaging required for certain measures within the surcharge calculation. Surcharge increments would be reduced from 50bp to 10bp and there would also be other technical amendments to the Method 2 calculation. The proposed amendments would revise risk-based capital requirements for the Firm and other U.S. GSIBs, and would become effective on two calendar quarters after the adoption of the final rule. Refer to Risk-based Capital Regulatory Requirements on pages 89-90 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on the GSIB surcharge.
48

The following tables present the Firm’s risk-based capital metrics under both the Basel III Standardized and Advanced approaches and leverage-based capital metrics. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 86-96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of these capital metrics. Refer to Note 23 for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics. First Republic Bank was not subject to Advanced approach regulatory capital requirements. As a result, for certain exposures associated with the First Republic acquisition, Advanced RWA and any impact on Advanced Total capital is calculated under the Standardized approach as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules. Refer to Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
Standardized Advanced
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Capital ratio requirements(b)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Capital ratio requirements(b)
Risk-based capital metrics:(a)
CET1 capital $ 235,827  $ 218,934  $ 235,827  $ 218,934 
Tier 1 capital 262,585  245,631  262,585  245,631 
Total capital 295,281  277,769  281,953 
(c)
 264,583 
Risk-weighted assets 1,706,927  1,653,538  1,694,714 
(c)
 1,609,773 
CET1 capital ratio 13.8  % 13.2  % 12.5  % 13.9  % 13.6  % 11.0  %
Tier 1 capital ratio 15.4  14.9  14.0  15.5  15.3  12.5 
Total capital ratio 17.3  16.8  16.0  16.6  16.4  14.5 
(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)Represents minimum requirements and regulatory buffers applicable to the Firm for the period ended June 30, 2023. For the period ended December 31, 2022, the Basel III Standardized CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm were 12.0%, 13.5%, and 15.5%, respectively; the Basel III Advanced CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm were 10.5%, 12.0%, and 14.0%, respectively. Refer to Note 23 for additional information.
(c)Includes the impacts of certain assets associated with the First Republic acquisition to which the Standardized approach has been applied as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
Three months ended
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
Capital ratio requirements(c)
Leverage-based capital metrics:(a)
Adjusted average assets(b)
 $ 3,796,579  $ 3,703,873 
Tier 1 leverage ratio 6.9  % 6.6  % 4.0  %
Total leverage exposure $ 4,492,761  $ 4,367,092 
SLR 5.8  % 5.6  % 5.0  %
(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the leverage ratios, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill, inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill, and other intangible assets.
(c)Represents minimum requirements and regulatory buffers applicable to the Firm. Refer to Note 23 for additional information.
49

Capital components
The following table presents reconciliations of total stockholders’ equity to Basel III CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(in millions)
June 30, 2023
 December 31, 2022
Total stockholders’ equity $ 312,516  $ 292,332 
Less: Preferred stock 27,404  27,404 
Common stockholders’ equity 285,112  264,928 
Add:
Certain deferred tax liabilities(a)
 3,097  2,510 
Other CET1 capital adjustments(b)
 5,586  6,221 
Less:
Goodwill(c)
 54,339  53,501 
Other intangible assets
 3,629  1,224 
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital
 $ 235,827  $ 218,934 
Add: Preferred stock 27,404  27,404 
Less: Other Tier 1 adjustments 646  707 
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital
 $ 262,585  $ 245,631 
Long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2 capital
 $ 13,424  $ 13,569 
Qualifying allowance for credit losses(d)
 20,459  19,353 
Other
 (1,187) (784)
Standardized Tier 2 capital
 $ 32,696  $ 32,138 
Standardized Total capital
 $ 295,281  $ 277,769 
Adjustment in qualifying allowance for credit losses for Advanced Tier 2 capital(e)
 (13,328)
(f)
 (13,186)
Advanced Tier 2 capital
 $ 19,368  $ 18,952 
Advanced Total capital
 $ 281,953  $ 264,583 
(a)Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating CET1 capital.
(b)As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, included a net benefit associated with cash flow hedges and debit valuation adjustments ("DVA") related to structured notes recorded in AOCI of $5.3 billion and $5.2 billion and the benefit from the CECL capital transition provisions of $1.4 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively.
(c)Goodwill deducted from capital includes goodwill associated with equity method investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions based on regulatory requirements. Refer to Principal investment risk on page 83 for additional information.
(d)Represents the allowance for credit losses eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital up to 1.25% of credit risk RWA, including the impact of the CECL capital transition provision with any excess deducted from RWA.
(e)Represents an adjustment to qualifying allowance for credit losses for the excess of eligible credit reserves over expected credit losses up to 0.6% of credit risk RWA, including the impact of the CECL capital transition provision with any excess deducted from RWA.
(f)Included an incremental $714 million allowance for credit losses on certain assets associated with the First Republic acquisition to which the Standardized approach has been applied, as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
Capital rollforward
The following table presents the changes in Basel III CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)		 2023
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at December 31, 2022 $ 218,934 
Net income applicable to common equity 26,365 
Dividends declared on common stock (5,911)
Net purchase of treasury stock
 (4,304)
Changes in additional paid-in capital
 534 
Changes related to AOCI applicable to capital:
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities 2,969 
Translation adjustments, net of hedges(a)
 267 
Fair value hedges (10)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement employee benefit (“OPEB”) plans (61)
Changes related to other CET1 capital adjustments(b)
 (2,956)
Change in Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital 16,893 
Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at June 30, 2023 $ 235,827 
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at December 31, 2022 $ 245,631 
Change in CET1 capital(b)
 16,893 
Redemptions of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock — 
Other 61 
Change in Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital 16,954 
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at June 30, 2023 $ 262,585 
Standardized Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2022 $ 32,138 
Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
 (145)
Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses(b)
 1,106 
Other
 (403)
Change in Standardized Tier 2 capital
 558 
Standardized Tier 2 capital at June 30, 2023 $ 32,696 
Standardized Total capital at June 30, 2023 $ 295,281 
Advanced Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2022 $ 18,952 
Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
 (145)
Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses(b)(c)
 964 
Other
 (403)
Change in Advanced Tier 2 capital
 416 
Advanced Tier 2 capital at June 30, 2023 $ 19,368 
Advanced Total capital at June 30, 2023 $ 281,953 
(a)Includes foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of related derivatives.
(b)Includes the impact of the CECL capital transition provisions and the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles. Refer to Note 1 for additional information.
(c)Included an incremental $714 million allowance for credit losses on certain assets associated with the First Republic acquisition to which the Standardized approach has been applied, as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.


50

RWA rollforward
The following table presents changes in the components of RWA under Basel III Standardized and Advanced approaches for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The amounts in the rollforward categories are estimates, based on the predominant driver of the change.
Standardized Advanced
Six months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Credit risk RWA(c)
 Market risk RWA Total RWA
Credit risk RWA(c)(d)
 Market risk RWA Operational risk
RWA		 Total RWA
December 31, 2022 $ 1,568,536  $ 85,002  $ 1,653,538  $ 1,078,076  $ 85,432  $ 446,265  $ 1,609,773 
Model & data changes(a)
 (6,013) (3,592) (9,605) (3,772) (3,592) —  (7,364)
Movement in portfolio levels(b)
 70,207  (7,213) 62,994  102,745  (7,487) (2,953) 92,305 
Changes in RWA 64,194  (10,805) 53,389  98,973  (11,079) (2,953) 84,941 
June 30, 2023 $ 1,632,730  $ 74,197  $ 1,706,927  $ 1,177,049  $ 74,353  $ 443,312  $ 1,694,714 
(a)Model & data changes refer to material movements in levels of RWA as a result of revised methodologies and/or treatment per regulatory guidance (exclusive of rule changes).
(b)Movement in portfolio levels (inclusive of rule changes) refers to: for Credit risk RWA, changes in book size, impacts associated with the First Republic acquisition including the benefit of the shared-loss agreements entered into with the FDIC, position rolloffs in legacy portfolios in Home Lending, changes in composition and credit quality, market movements, and deductions for excess eligible credit reserves not eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital; for Market risk RWA, changes in position, market movements, and changes in the Firm’s regulatory multiplier from Regulatory VaR backtesting exceptions; and for Operational risk RWA, updates to cumulative losses and macroeconomic model inputs.
(c)As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Basel III Standardized Credit risk RWA included wholesale and retail off balance-sheet RWA of $221.2 billion and $210.1 billion, respectively; and the Basel III Advanced Credit risk RWA included wholesale and retail off balance-sheet RWA of $199.0 billion and $180.8 billion, respectively.
(d)As of June 30, 2023, Credit risk RWA reflected approximately $57.1 billion of RWA calculated under the Standardized approach for certain assets associated with the First Republic acquisition as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.

Refer to the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for further information on Credit risk RWA, Market risk RWA and Operational risk RWA.
Supplementary leverage ratio
Refer to Supplementary Leverage Ratio on page 93 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
The following table presents the components of the Firm’s SLR.
Three months ended
(in millions, except ratio)		 June 30,
2023
December 31, 2022
Tier 1 capital
 $ 262,585  $ 245,631 
Total average assets 3,851,388  3,755,271 
Less: Regulatory capital adjustments(a)
 54,809  51,398 
Total adjusted average assets(b)
 3,796,579  3,703,873 
Add: Off-balance sheet exposures(c)
 696,182  663,219 
Total leverage exposure $ 4,492,761  $ 4,367,092 
SLR 5.8  % 5.6  %
(a)For purposes of calculating the SLR, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill, inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill, other intangible assets and adjustments for the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)Adjusted average assets used for the calculation of Tier 1 leverage ratio.
(c)Off-balance sheet exposures are calculated as the average of the three month-end spot balances on applicable regulatory exposures during the reporting quarter. Refer to the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports for additional information.
Line of business equity
Each business segment is allocated capital by taking into consideration a variety of factors including capital levels of similarly rated peers and applicable regulatory capital requirements. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm updated its line of business capital allocations to reflect the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Refer to line of business equity on page 93 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.
The following table presents the capital allocated to each business segment.
Line of business equity (Allocated capital)

(in billions)		 June 30,
2023		 March 31,
2023		 December 31,
2022
Consumer & Community Banking $ 55.5  $ 52.0  $ 50.0 
Corporate & Investment Bank 108.0  108.0  103.0 
Commercial Banking 30.0  28.5  25.0 
Asset & Wealth Management 17.0  16.0  17.0 
Corporate 74.6  71.2  69.9 
Total common stockholders’ equity $ 285.1  $ 275.7  $ 264.9 





51

Capital actions
Common stock dividends
The Firm’s quarterly common stock dividend is currently $1.00 per share. On June 30, 2023, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors intends to increase the quarterly common stock dividend to $1.05 per share, effective in the third quarter of 2023. The Firm’s dividends are subject to approval by the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis.
Common stock
The Firm is authorized to purchase up to $30 billion under its common share repurchase program previously approved by the Board of Directors.
The following table sets forth the Firm’s repurchases of common stock for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023
2022
 2023
2022
Total number of shares of common stock repurchased
 16.7  5.0  38.7  23.1 
Aggregate purchase price of common stock repurchases
 $ 2,293  $ 622  $ 5,233  $ 3,122 
Refer to Capital actions on page 94 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
Refer to Part II, Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds and Part II, Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities on pages 209–210 of this Form 10-Q and page 34 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K, respectively, for additional information regarding repurchases of the Firm’s equity securities.
Preferred stock
Preferred stock dividends declared were $373 million and $410 million, and $729 million and $807 million, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Refer to Note 19 of this Form 10-Q and Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s preferred stock, including the issuance and redemption of preferred stock.
Subordinated Debt
Refer to Long-term funding and issuance on page 60 and Note 18 for additional information on the Firm’s subordinated debt.
Capital planning and stress testing
Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
On April 5, 2023, the Firm submitted its 2023 Capital Plan to the Federal Reserve. On June 30, 2023, the Firm announced that it had completed the Federal Reserve's 2023 Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (“CCAR”) stress test process.
On July 27, 2023, the Federal Reserve announced the Firm's 2023 SCB requirement of 2.9% (down from the current 4.0%), which will result in a Standardized CET1
capital ratio requirement, including regulatory buffers, of 11.4% (down from the current 12.5%) for the fourth quarter of 2023. The SCB requirement will become effective on October 1, 2023 and will remain in effect until September 30, 2024.
Refer to Capital planning and stress testing on pages 86-87 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on CCAR.
Other capital requirements
Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity
The Federal Reserve’s TLAC rule requires the U.S. GSIB top-tier holding companies, including the Firm, to maintain minimum levels of external TLAC and eligible long-term debt (“eligible LTD”).
The following table presents the eligible external TLAC and eligible LTD amounts, as well as a representation of these amounts as a percentage of the Firm’s total RWA and total leverage exposure applying the impact of the CECL capital transition provisions as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022
(in billions, except ratio) External TLAC LTD External TLAC LTD
Total eligible amount $ 493.8  $ 218.2  $ 486.0  $ 228.5 
% of RWA 28.9  % 12.8  % 29.4  % 13.8  %
Regulatory requirements 23.0  10.0  22.5  9.5 
Surplus/(shortfall) $ 101.2  $ 47.6  $ 114.0  $ 71.4 
% of total leverage exposure 11.0  % 4.9  % 11.1  % 5.2  %
Regulatory requirements 9.5  4.5  9.5  4.5 
Surplus/(shortfall) $ 66.9  $ 16.1  $ 71.2  $ 32.0 
Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm's regulatory requirements for TLAC to RWA and LTD to RWA ratios increased by 50 bps to 23.0% and 10.0%, respectively, due to the increase in the Firm’s GSIB requirements. Refer to Risk-based Capital Regulatory Requirements on pages 89-90 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on the GSIB surcharge.
Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 for further information on long-term debt issued by the Parent Company.
Refer to Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 9-32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for information on the financial consequences to holders of the Firm’s debt and equity securities in a resolution scenario.
Refer to other capital requirements on page 95 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on TLAC.
52

U.S. broker-dealer regulatory capital
J.P. Morgan Securities
JPMorgan Chase’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary is J.P. Morgan Securities. J.P. Morgan Securities is subject to the regulatory capital requirements of Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Net Capital Rule”). J.P. Morgan Securities is also registered as a futures commission merchant and is subject to regulatory capital requirements, including those imposed by the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and the National Futures Association (“NFA”).
The following table presents J.P. Morgan Securities’ net capital:
June 30, 2023
(in millions) Actual Minimum
Net Capital $ 24,578  $ 5,593 
Non-U.S. subsidiary regulatory capital
J.P. Morgan Securities plc
J.P. Morgan Securities plc is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and has authority to engage in banking, investment banking and broker-dealer activities. J.P. Morgan Securities plc is jointly regulated in the U.K. by the Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) and the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”). J.P. Morgan Securities plc is subject to the European Union (“EU”) Capital Requirements Regulation (“CRR”), as adopted in the U.K., and the PRA capital rules, each of which have implemented Basel III and thereby subject J.P. Morgan Securities plc to its requirements.
The Bank of England requires that U.K. banks, including U.K. regulated subsidiaries of overseas groups, maintain minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (“MREL”). As of June 30, 2023, J.P. Morgan Securities plc was compliant with its MREL requirements.
Effective January 1, 2023, J.P. Morgan Securities plc was required to meet the minimum leverage capital requirement established by the PRA of 3.25%, plus regulatory buffers.


The following table presents J.P. Morgan Securities plc’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics:
June 30, 2023
Regulatory Minimum ratios(a)
(in millions, except ratios) Estimated
Total capital $ 55,711 
CET1 capital ratio 17.1  % 4.5  %
Tier 1 capital ratio 22.1  6.0 
Total capital ratio 28.2  8.0 
Tier 1 leverage ratio 7.0  3.3 
(b)
(a)Represents minimum Pillar 1 requirements specified by the PRA. J.P. Morgan Securities plc's capital ratios as of June 30, 2023 exceeded the minimum requirements, including the additional capital requirements specified by the PRA.
(b)At least 75% of the Tier 1 leverage ratio minimum must be met with CET1 capital.
J.P. Morgan SE
JPMSE is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and has authority to engage in banking, investment banking and markets activities. JPMSE is regulated by the European Central Bank as well as the local regulators in each of the countries in which it operates, and it is subject to EU capital requirements under Basel III.
JPMSE is required by the EU Single Resolution Board to maintain MREL. As of June 30, 2023, JPMSE was compliant with its MREL requirements.
The following table presents JPMSE’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics:
June 30, 2023
Regulatory Minimum ratios(a)
(in millions, except ratios) Estimated
Total capital $ 43,524 
CET1 capital ratio 19.9  % 4.5  %
Tier 1 capital ratio 19.9  6.0 
Total capital ratio 35.4  8.0 
Tier 1 leverage ratio 5.5  3.0 
(a)Represents minimum Pillar 1 requirements specified by the EU CRR. J.P. Morgan SE’s capital and leverage ratios as of June 30, 2023 exceeded the minimum requirements, including the additional capital requirements specified by EU regulators.
Refer to U.S. broker-dealer and Non-U.S. subsidiary regulatory capital on page 96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
53

LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Firm will be unable to meet its contractual and contingent financial obligations as they arise or that it does not have the appropriate amount, composition and tenor of funding and liquidity to support its assets and liabilities. Refer to pages 97-104 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and the Firm’s U.S. LCR Disclosure reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for a further discussion of the Firm’s liquidity risk.
LCR and HQLA
The LCR rule requires that the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. maintain an amount of eligible HQLA that is sufficient to meet their respective estimated total net cash outflows over a prospective 30 calendar-day period of significant stress.
Under the LCR rule, the amount of eligible HQLA held by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. that is in excess of its stand-alone 100% minimum LCR requirement, and that is not transferable to non-bank affiliates, must be excluded from the Firm’s reported eligible HQLA. The LCR for both the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is required to be a minimum of 100%.
The following table summarizes the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s average LCR for the three months ended June 30, 2023, March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022 based on the Firm’s interpretation of the LCR framework.
Three months ended
Average amount
(in millions)		 June 30,
2023		 March 31, 2023 June 30,
2022
JPMorgan Chase & Co.:
HQLA
Eligible cash(a)
 $ 440,294  $ 453,287  $ 634,480 
Eligible securities(b)(c)
 327,837  278,223  107,473 
Total HQLA(d)(e)
 $ 768,131  $ 731,510  $ 741,953 
Net cash outflows $ 683,446  $ 642,650  $ 676,234 
LCR 112  % 114  % 110  %
Net excess eligible HQLA(d)
 $ 84,685  $ 88,860  $ 65,719 
JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A.:
LCR 129  % 140  % 169  %
Net excess eligible HQLA $ 211,233  $ 278,651  $ 487,867 
(a)Represents cash on deposit at central banks, primarily the Federal Reserve Banks.
(b)Predominantly U.S. Treasuries, U.S. GSE and government agency MBS, and sovereign bonds net of applicable haircuts under the LCR rule.
(c)Eligible HQLA securities may be reported in securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements, trading assets, or investment securities on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)Excludes average excess eligible HQLA at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. that are not transferable to non-bank affiliates.
(e)End-of-period HQLA balances were $791.5 billion, $758.9 billion, and $721.1 billion for June 30, 2023, March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.

The Firm’s average LCR decreased during the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with the three months period ended March 31, 2023, due to long-term debt maturities, common stock repurchases and common stock
dividends paid, predominantly offset by a dividend payment from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. to the Parent Company.
The Firm's average LCR increased during the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with the prior year period, driven by dividend payments from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. to the Parent Company, partially offset by common stock repurchases and common stock dividends paid.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.'s average LCR decreased during the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with the three months ended March 31, 2023, reflecting an approximate 50% decline associated with the First Republic acquisition, reducing HQLA and increasing net cash outflows. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s HQLA was further impacted by a reduction in cash primarily driven by higher average loans, a dividend payment to the Parent Company, and a decline in average deposits.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s average LCR for the three months ended June 30, 2023 decreased when compared with the same period in the prior year, reflecting a decrease in JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s HQLA as a result of a reduction in cash from a decline in average deposits and loan growth, as well as lower market values of HQLA-eligible investment securities and the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
Refer to Note 10 and Note 28 for additional information on the Firm's investment securities portfolio and the First Republic acquisition.
Actions by the Federal Reserve have impacted depositor behavior, resulting in reductions to system-wide deposits, including those held by the Firm. Each of the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.'s average LCR may fluctuate from period to period due to changes in their respective eligible HQLA and estimated net cash outflows as a result of ongoing business activity and from the continued impacts of Federal Reserve actions as well as other factors.
Refer to page 98 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and the Firm’s U.S. LCR Disclosure reports for additional information on HQLA and net cash outflows.
Internal stress testing
The Firm conducts internal liquidity stress testing that is intended to ensure that the Firm and its material legal entities have sufficient liquidity under a variety of adverse scenarios, including scenarios analyzed as part of the Firm’s resolution and recovery planning. Internal Stress scenarios are produced on a regular basis, and other stress tests are performed in response to specific market events or concerns. Results of stress tests are considered in the formulation of the Firm’s funding plan and assessment of its liquidity position.
The Firm maintains liquidity at the Parent Company, the Intermediate Holding Company (“IHC”), and operating subsidiaries at levels sufficient to comply with liquidity risk tolerances and minimum liquidity requirements, and to manage through periods of stress when access to normal funding sources may be disrupted.
54

Other liquidity sources
In addition to the assets reported in the Firm’s eligible HQLA discussed above, the Firm had unencumbered marketable securities, such as equity and debt securities, that the Firm believes would be available to raise liquidity. This includes excess eligible HQLA securities at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. that are not transferable to non-bank affiliates. The fair value of these securities was approximately $620 billion and $694 billion as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, although the amount of liquidity that could be raised at any particular time would be dependent on prevailing market conditions. The decrease compared to December 31, 2022, was driven by a reduction in excess eligible HQLA securities at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., largely offset by an increase in CIB trading assets and AFS securities associated with the First Republic acquisition.

The Firm also had available borrowing capacity at the Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”) and the discount window at the Federal Reserve Banks as a result of collateral pledged by the Firm to such banks of approximately $332 billion and $323 billion as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. This borrowing capacity excludes the benefit of cash and securities reported in the Firm’s eligible HQLA or other unencumbered securities that are currently pledged at the Federal Reserve Banks discount window and other central banks. Although available, the Firm does not view this borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Banks discount window and the other central banks as a primary source of liquidity.
NSFR
The net stable funding ratio (“NSFR”) is a liquidity requirement for large banking organizations that is intended to measure the adequacy of “available” stable funding that is sufficient to meet their “required” amounts of stable funding over a one-year horizon.
As of June 30, 2023, the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were compliant with the 100% minimum NSFR requirement, based on the Firm's current interpretation of the final rule. By the end of August 2023, the Firm will be required to publicly disclose its quarterly average NSFR on a semiannual basis.
55

Funding
Sources of funds
Management believes that the Firm’s unsecured and secured funding capacity is sufficient to meet its on- and off-balance sheet obligations, which includes both short- and long-term cash requirements.
The Firm funds its global balance sheet through diverse sources of funding including stable deposits, secured and unsecured funding in the capital markets and stockholders’ equity. Deposits are the primary funding source for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Additionally, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. may access funding through short- or long-term secured borrowings, through the issuance of unsecured long-term debt, or from borrowings from the IHC. The
Firm’s non-bank subsidiaries are primarily funded from long-term unsecured borrowings and short-term secured borrowings which are primarily securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements. Excess funding is invested by Treasury and CIO in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio or deployed in cash or other short-term liquid investments based on their interest rate and liquidity risk characteristics.
Refer to Note 24 for additional information on off-balance sheet obligations.
Deposits
The table below summarizes, by LOB and Corporate, the period-end deposit balances as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and the average deposit balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
Average Average
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Consumer & Community Banking
 $ 1,173,514  $ 1,131,611  $ 1,157,309  $ 1,180,453  $ 1,135,261  $ 1,167,057 
Corporate & Investment Bank
 735,576  689,893  722,818  773,664  711,266  765,200 
Commercial Banking
 269,026  271,342  275,196  300,339  270,595  308,518 
Asset & Wealth Management
 199,763  233,130  211,872  268,861  218,078  278,256 
Corporate
 21,083  14,203  20,219  8,995  18,931  4,948 
Total Firm $ 2,398,962  $ 2,340,179  $ 2,387,414  $ 2,532,312  $ 2,354,131  $ 2,523,979 
The Firm believes that deposits provide a stable source of funding and reduce the Firm’s reliance on the wholesale funding markets. A significant portion of the Firm’s deposits are consumer deposits and wholesale operating deposits, which are both considered to be stable sources of liquidity. Wholesale operating deposits are generally considered to be stable sources of liquidity because they are generated from customers that maintain operating service relationships with the Firm.
The Firm believes that average deposit balances are generally more representative of deposit trends than period-end deposit balances. However, during periods of market disruption those trends could be affected.
Average deposits were lower for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was driven by:
•the continued migration into higher-yielding investments in AWM as a result of the rising interest rate environment,
•continued deposit attrition in CIB, including actions to reduce certain deposits, partially offset by net issuances of structured notes as a result of client demand,
•continued deposit attrition in CB, partially offset by continued inflows as a result of disruptions in the market in the first quarter of 2023, and
•a net decline in CCB primarily from existing accounts due to increased customer spending, largely offset by the impact of the First Republic acquisition,
partially offset by
•an increase in Corporate related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives.
Average deposits were lower for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was driven by:
•the continued migration into higher-yielding investments in AWM as a result of the rising interest rate environment,
•continued deposit attrition in CIB, including actions to reduce certain deposits, partially offset by net issuances of structured notes as a result of client demand,
•continued deposit attrition in CB, partially offset by continued inflows as a result of disruptions in the market in the first quarter of 2023, and
•a net decline in CCB primarily from existing accounts due to increased customer spending, partially offset by the impact of the First Republic acquisition,
partially offset by
•an increase in Corporate related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives.



56

Period-end deposits increased, reflecting:
•increases in CIB due to deposit inflows related to client-driven activities and net issuances of structured notes as a result of client demand,
•$68 billion of deposits in CCB associated with the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by a net decline primarily in existing accounts due to increased customer spending, and
•an increase in Corporate related to the Firm's international consumer initiatives,
partially offset by
•the continued migration into higher-yielding investments in AWM as a result of the rising interest rate environment, and
•ongoing attrition in CB driven by higher rates and seasonal outflows, predominantly offset by inflows as a result of disruptions in the market in the first quarter of 2023.
Refer to the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis and the Business Segment Results on pages 16-19 and pages 22-46, respectively, for further information on deposit and liability balance trends. Refer to Note 3 for further information on structured notes.
Certain deposits are covered by insurance protection that provides additional funding stability and results in a benefit to the LCR. Deposit insurance protection may be available to depositors in the countries in which the deposits are placed. For example, the FDIC provides deposit insurance protection for deposits placed in a U.S. depository institution. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022(a), the Firmwide estimated uninsured deposits were $1,381.1 billion and $1,353.1 billion, respectively, primarily reflecting wholesale operating deposits.
Total uninsured deposits include time deposits. The table below presents an estimate of uninsured U.S. and non-U.S. time deposits, and their remaining maturities. The Firm’s estimates of its uninsured U.S. time deposits are based on data that the Firm calculates periodically under applicable FDIC regulations. For purposes of this presentation, all non-U.S. time deposits are deemed to be uninsured.

(in millions)
 June 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
U.S. Non-U.S. U.S. Non-U.S.
Three months or less $ 33,242  $ 74,455  $ 25,910 
(a)
 $ 68,765 
Over three months but within 6 months 15,044  5,452  8,670  3,658 
Over six months but within 12 months 8,014  3,524  7,035  2,850 
Over 12 months 770  2,506  787  2,634 
Total $ 57,070  $ 85,937  $ 42,402  $ 77,907 
(a)Prior-period amounts for the Firmwide estimated uninsured deposits, including uninsured U.S. time deposits, have been revised to conform with the current presentation, reflecting refinements to the calculation.
Refer to pages 100-101 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for additional disclosure on the Firm's deposit balances.
The table below shows the loan and deposit balances, the loans-to-deposits ratios, and deposits as a percentage of total liabilities, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(in billions except ratios) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Deposits
 $ 2,399.0  $ 2,340.2 
Deposits as a % of total liabilities
 67  % 69  %
Loans
 $ 1,300.1  $ 1,135.6 
Loans-to-deposits ratio
 54  % 49  %

57

The following tables provide a summary of the average balances and average interest rates of JPMorgan Chase’s deposits for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(Unaudited)
(in millions)		 Average balances
Three months ended Six months ended
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing $ 646,767  $ 713,059  $ 635,748  $ 709,294 
Interest-bearing
Demand(a)
 286,453  352,081  283,524  346,005 
Savings(b)
 883,737  987,067  887,257  996,138 
Time 138,985  54,670  118,960  52,904 
Total interest-bearing deposits 1,309,175  1,393,818  1,289,741  1,395,047 
Total deposits in U.S. offices 1,955,942  2,106,877  1,925,489  2,104,341 
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing 24,948  28,832  25,390  28,789 
Interest-bearing
Demand 320,822  335,102  320,527  331,348 
Time 85,702  61,501  82,725  59,501 
Total interest-bearing deposits 406,524  396,603  403,252  390,849 
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices 431,472  425,435  428,642  419,638 
Total deposits $ 2,387,414  $ 2,532,312  $ 2,354,131  $ 2,523,979 
(Unaudited) Average interest rates
Three months ended Six months ended
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing NA NA NA NA
Interest-bearing
Demand(a)
 3.41  % 0.32  % 3.09  % 0.18  %
Savings(b)
 1.04  0.12  0.97  0.10 
Time 4.53  0.92  4.52  0.60 
Total interest-bearing deposits 1.93  0.20  1.75  0.14 
Total deposits in U.S. offices 1.28  0.12  1.19  0.08 
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing NA NA NA NA
Interest-bearing
Demand 2.53  0.08  2.38  0.02 
Time 5.66  0.72  5.32  0.38 
Total interest-bearing deposits 3.21  0.20  2.98  0.08 
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices 3.01  0.16  2.80  0.06 
Total deposits 1.60  % 0.16  % 1.47  % 0.08  %
(a)Includes Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (“NOW”) accounts, and certain trust accounts.
(b)Includes Money Market Deposit Accounts (“MMDAs”).

Refer to Note 16 for additional information on deposits.




58

The following table summarizes short-term and long-term funding, excluding deposits, as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and average balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Refer to the Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 16-19 and Note 11 for additional information.
Sources of funds (excluding deposits)
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
Average Average
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Commercial paper
 $ 11,686  $ 12,557  $ 11,057  $ 19,589  $ 11,930  $ 17,097 
Other borrowed funds
 7,532  8,418  9,791  12,533  9,931  13,061 
Federal funds purchased 1,783  1,684  1,564  1,241  1,729  1,467 
Total short-term unsecured funding $ 21,001  $ 22,659  $ 22,412  $ 33,363  $ 23,590  $ 31,625 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase(a)
 $ 260,999  $ 198,382  $ 258,297  $ 227,075  $ 252,322  $ 235,300 
Securities loaned(a)
 3,490  2,547  3,857  5,060  3,994  4,982 
Other borrowed funds 21,804 
(g)
 23,052  21,179  26,376  22,037  27,152 
Obligations of Firm-administered multi-seller conduits(b)
 16,383  9,236  12,741  6,779  11,622  6,625 
Total short-term secured funding
 $ 302,676  $ 233,217  $ 296,074  $ 265,290  $ 289,975  $ 274,059 
Senior notes $ 177,966  $ 188,025  $ 180,712  $ 187,143  $ 182,830  $ 188,779 
Subordinated debt 19,763  21,803  20,543  19,139  21,182  19,688 
Structured notes(c)
 76,648  70,839  75,075  66,025  74,413  68,584 
Total long-term unsecured funding $ 274,377  $ 280,667  $ 276,330  $ 272,307  $ 278,425  $ 277,051 
Credit card securitization(b)
 $ 999  $ 1,999  $ 999  $ 1,748  $ 1,087  $ 2,010 
FHLB advances 36,094 
(d)
 11,093  28,420  11,106  19,804  11,107 
Purchase Money Note(d)
 48,883  NA 32,745  NA 16,463  NA
Other long-term secured funding(e)
 4,724  4,105  4,667  3,807  4,383  3,858 
Total long-term secured funding $ 90,700  $ 17,197  $ 66,831  $ 16,661  $ 41,737  $ 16,975 
Preferred stock(f)
 $ 27,404  $ 27,404  $ 27,404  $ 32,838  $ 27,404  $ 33,180 
Common stockholders’ equity(f)
 $ 285,112  $ 264,928  $ 277,885  $ 247,986  $ 274,560  $ 250,234 
(a)Primarily consists of short-term securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase.
(b)Included in beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
(c)Includes certain TLAC-eligible long-term unsecured debt issued by the Parent Company.
(d)As of June 30, 2023, included $25.0 billion FHLB advances and the Purchase Money Note associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(e)Includes long-term structured notes which are secured.
(f)Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53, Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity on page 99 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 21 and Note 22 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on preferred stock and common stockholders’ equity.
(g)As of June 30, 2023, included FHLB advances with original maturities of less than one year of $2.3 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
Short-term funding
The Firm’s sources of short-term secured funding primarily consist of securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase. These instruments are secured predominantly by high-quality securities collateral, including government-issued debt and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase increased at June 30, 2023, compared with December 31, 2022, due to higher secured financing of trading assets and the impact of a lower level of netting on client-driven market-making activities in Markets.
The balances associated with securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase fluctuate over time due to investment and financing activities of clients, the Firm’s demand for financing, the ongoing management of the mix of the Firm’s liabilities, including its secured and unsecured financing (for both the investment securities and market-making portfolios), and other market and portfolio factors.

The Firm’s sources of short-term unsecured funding primarily consist of issuances of wholesale commercial paper and other borrowed funds.
The decrease in commercial paper at June 30, 2023 from December 31, 2022, and for the average three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the prior year periods, was due to lower net issuance levels resulting from short-term liquidity management.
The decrease in average unsecured other borrowed funds for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the prior year periods was due to a lower level of overdrafts as well as net maturities of structured notes classified as other borrowed funds in CIB.
59

Long-term funding and issuance
Long-term funding provides an additional source of stable funding and liquidity for the Firm. The Firm’s long-term funding plan is driven primarily by expected client activity, liquidity considerations, and regulatory requirements, including TLAC. Long-term funding objectives include maintaining diversification, maximizing market access and optimizing funding costs. The Firm evaluates various funding markets, tenors and currencies in creating its optimal long-term funding plan.
The significant majority of the Firm’s long-term unsecured funding is issued by the Parent Company to provide flexibility in support of the funding needs of both bank and non-bank subsidiaries. The Parent Company advances substantially all net funding proceeds to its subsidiary, the IHC. The IHC does not issue debt to external counterparties. The following table summarizes long-term unsecured issuance and maturities or redemptions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Refer to Note 18 of this Form 10-Q and Liquidity Risk Management on pages 97-104 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the IHC and long-term debt.
Long-term unsecured funding
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
(Notional in millions)
Parent Company
Subsidiaries
Issuance
Senior notes issued in the U.S. market $ 2,500  $ 13,000  $ 2,500  $ 21,100  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Senior notes issued in non-U.S. markets
 —  —  —  2,752  —  —  —  — 
Total senior notes 2,500  13,000  2,500  23,852  —  —  —  — 
Structured notes(a)
 563  918  1,444  2,074  7,947  11,230  15,665  19,679 
Total long-term unsecured funding – issuance
 $ 3,063  $ 13,918  $ 3,944  $ 25,926  $ 7,947  $ 11,230  $ 15,665  $ 19,679 
Maturities/redemptions
Senior notes $ 6,335  $ 5,000  $ 13,433  $ 8,693  $ 2  $ —  $ 67  $ 64 
Subordinated debt 2,027  —  2,027  —  —  —  —  — 
Structured notes 324  415  771  1,392  6,479  7,428  13,981  15,075 
Total long-term unsecured funding – maturities/redemptions
 $ 8,686  $ 5,415  $ 16,231  $ 10,085  $ 6,481  $ 7,428  $ 14,048  $ 15,139 
(a)Includes certain TLAC-eligible long-term unsecured debt issued by the Parent Company.

The Firm can also raise secured long-term funding through securitization of consumer credit card loans and FHLB advances. The following table summarizes the securitization issuance, as well as the FHLB advances and the Purchase Money Note associated with the First Republic acquisition, and their respective maturities or redemptions, as applicable for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Long-term secured funding
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
Issuance Maturities/Redemptions Issuance Maturities/Redemptions
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Credit card securitization
 $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,000  $ 650 
FHLB advances
 25,775 
(a)
 —  602  4  25,775 
(a)
 —  604  6 
Purchase Money Note(a)
 50,000  NA —  NA 50,000  NA —  NA
Other long-term secured funding(b)
 591  82  58  31  742  284  112  92 
Total long-term secured funding
 $ 76,366  $ 82  $ 660  $ 35  $ 76,517  $ 284  $ 1,716  $ 748 
(a)As of June 30, 2023, included FHLB advances and the Purchase Money Note associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(b)Includes long-term structured notes that are secured.
The Firm’s wholesale businesses also securitize loans for client-driven transactions; those client-driven loan securitizations are not considered to be a source of funding for the Firm and are not included in the table above. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further description of client-driven loan securitizations.
60

Credit ratings
The cost and availability of financing are influenced by credit ratings. Reductions in these ratings could have an adverse effect on the Firm’s access to liquidity sources, increase the cost of funds, trigger additional collateral or funding requirements and decrease the number of investors and counterparties willing to lend to the Firm. The nature and magnitude of the impact of ratings downgrades depends on numerous contractual and behavioral factors, which the Firm believes are incorporated in its liquidity risk
and stress testing metrics. The Firm believes that it maintains sufficient liquidity to withstand a potential decrease in funding capacity due to ratings downgrades.
Additionally, the Firm’s funding requirements for VIEs and other third-party commitments may be adversely affected by a decline in credit ratings. Refer to Note 5 and Note 14 for additional information.
The credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and non-bank subsidiaries as of June 30, 2023, were as follows:
JPMorgan Chase & Co. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
 J.P. Morgan Securities plc
 J.P. Morgan SE
June 30, 2023 Long-term issuer Short-term issuer Outlook Long-term issuer Short-term issuer Outlook Long-term issuer Short-term issuer Outlook
Moody’s Investors Service A1 P-1 Stable Aa2 P-1 Stable Aa3 P-1 Stable
Standard & Poor’s (a)
 A- A-2 Stable A+ A-1 Stable A+ A-1 Stable
Fitch Ratings AA- F1+ Stable AA F1+ Stable AA F1+ Stable
(a) On March 31, 2023, Standard & Poor's affirmed the credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and non-bank subsidiaries, and revised the outlook from positive to stable.
Refer to page 104 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the factors that could affect the credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and non-bank subsidiaries.
61

CREDIT AND INVESTMENT RISK MANAGEMENT
Credit and investment risk is the risk associated with the default or change in credit profile of a client, counterparty or customer; or loss of principal or a reduction in expected returns on investments, including consumer credit risk,
wholesale credit risk, and investment portfolio risk. Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio, Wholesale Credit Portfolio and
Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 65-82 for a further discussion of Credit Risk.
Refer to page 83 for a further discussion of Investment Portfolio Risk. Refer to Credit and Investment Risk Management on pages 106-130 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s Credit and Investment Risk Management framework.
62

CREDIT PORTFOLIO
Credit risk is the risk associated with the default or change in credit profile of a client, counterparty or customer.
In the following tables, total loans include loans retained (i.e., held-for-investment); loans held-for-sale; and certain loans accounted for at fair value. The following tables do not include loans which the Firm accounts for at fair value and classifies as trading assets; refer to Notes 2 and 3 for further information regarding these loans. Refer to Notes 12, 24 and 5 for additional information on the Firm’s loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables.
Refer to Note 10 for information regarding the credit risk inherent in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio; and refer to Note 11 for information regarding the credit risk inherent in the securities financing portfolio. Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 65-69 and Note 12 for further discussions of the consumer credit environment and consumer loans. Refer to Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 70-79 and Note 12 for further discussions of the wholesale credit environment and wholesale loans.
On January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted changes to the TDR accounting guidance, which eliminated the accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs including the requirement to assess whether a modification is reasonably expected or involves a concession. The new guidance requires disclosure for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty consisting of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extension or a combination of these modifications. The Firm has defined these types of modifications as financial difficulty modifications ("FDMs"). As a result of the elimination of the requirement to assess whether a modification is reasonably expected or involves a concession, the population of loans considered FDMs will differ from those previously considered TDRs. Refer to Note 1 and Note 12 for further information.
Total credit portfolio
Credit exposure
Nonperforming(d)
(in millions) Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022
Loans retained $ 1,255,688  $ 1,089,598  $ 6,377  $ 5,837 
Loans held-for-sale 5,592  3,970  119  54 
Loans at fair value 38,789  42,079  777  829 
Total loans 1,300,069  1,135,647  7,273  6,720 
Derivative receivables 64,217  70,880 

286  296 
Receivables from customers(a)
 42,741  49,257  —  — 
Total credit-related assets 1,407,027  1,255,784  7,559  7,016 
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
Real estate owned NA NA 243  203 
Other NA NA 36  28 
Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
 NA NA 279  231 
Lending-related commitments 1,473,420  1,326,782  332  455 
Total credit portfolio $ 2,880,447 
(c)
 $ 2,582,566  $ 8,170  $ 7,702 
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities(b)
 $ (32,090) $ (19,330) $ —  $ — 
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives (23,282) (23,014) NA NA
(a)Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM; these are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage credit exposures.
(c)Included credit exposure associated with the First Republic acquisition consisting of $104.6 billion in the Consumer credit portfolio and $98.2 billion in the Wholesale credit portfolio.
(d)At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, nonperforming assets excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $215 million and $302 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.




63

The following table provides information on Firmwide nonaccrual loans to total loans.
(in millions,
except ratios)		 June 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
Total nonaccrual loans $ 7,273 $ 6,720
Total loans 1,300,069 1,135,647
Firmwide nonaccrual loans to total loans outstanding 0.56  % 0.59  %
The following table provides information about the Firm’s net charge-offs and recoveries.
(in millions,
except ratios)		 Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Net charge-offs $ 1,411 $ 657 $ 2,548 $ 1,239
Average retained loans 1,194,044  1,035,933  1,138,550  1,020,180 
Net charge-off rates 0.47  % 0.25  % 0.45  % 0.24  %
64

CONSUMER CREDIT PORTFOLIO
The Firm’s retained consumer portfolio consists primarily of loans and lending-related commitments for residential real estate, credit card, scored auto and business banking. The consumer credit portfolio also includes certain loans and lending-related commitments associated with the First Republic acquisition, primarily in residential real estate. The Firm’s focus is on serving primarily the prime segment of the consumer credit market. Refer to Note 12 of this Form 10-Q; and Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 110-115 and Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on consumer loans, as well as the Firm’s nonaccrual and charge-off accounting policies. Refer to Note 24 of this Form 10-Q and Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on lending-related commitments.
The following tables present consumer credit-related information with respect to the scored credit portfolios held in CCB, AWM, CIB and Corporate.
Consumer credit portfolio
(in millions) Credit exposure
Nonaccrual loans((j)(k)(l)
Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022
Consumer, excluding credit card
Residential real estate(a)
 $ 328,010  $ 237,561  $ 3,641  $ 3,745 
Auto and other(b)(c)
 68,185  63,192  143  129 
Total loans – retained 396,195  300,753  3,784  3,874 
Loans held-for-sale 549  618  71  28 
Loans at fair value(d)
 11,460  10,004  410  423 
Total consumer, excluding credit card loans 408,204  311,375  4,265  4,325 
Lending-related commitments(e)
 50,846  33,518 
Total consumer exposure, excluding credit card 459,050 
(i)
 344,893 
Credit card
Loans retained(f)
 191,348  185,175  NA NA
Total credit card loans 191,348  185,175  NA NA
Lending-related commitments(e)(g)
 881,485  821,284 
Total credit card exposure 1,072,833  1,006,459 
Total consumer credit portfolio $ 1,531,883  $ 1,351,352  $ 4,265  $ 4,325 
Credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities(h)
 $ (985) $ (1,187)
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios) Net charge-offs/(recoveries) Average loans - retained
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate(m)
2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Consumer, excluding credit card
Residential real estate $ (25) $ (67) $ 293,073  $ 232,770  (0.03) % (0.12) %
Auto and other 147  94  66,470  66,879  0.89  0.56 
Total consumer, excluding credit card - retained 122  27  359,543  299,649  0.14  0.04 
Credit card - retained 1,124  580  187,027  158,434  2.41  1.47 
Total consumer - retained $ 1,246  $ 607  $ 546,570  $ 458,083  0.91  % 0.53  %
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios) Net charge-offs/(recoveries) Average loans - retained
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate(m)
2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Consumer, excluding credit card
Residential real estate $ (45) $ (134) $ 265,082  $ 229,369  (0.03) % (0.12) %
Auto and other 299  207  65,145  68,197  0.93  0.61 
Total consumer, excluding credit card - retained 254  73  330,227  297,566  0.16  0.05 
Credit card - retained 2,046  1,086  183,757  153,941  2.25  1.42 
Total consumer - retained $ 2,300  $ 1,159  $ 513,984  $ 451,507  0.90  % 0.52  %
(a)Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM.
(b)At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluded operating lease assets of $10.9 billion and $12.0 billion, respectively. These operating lease assets are included in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 17 for further information.
(c)Includes scored auto and business banking loans, and overdrafts.
(d)Includes scored mortgage loans held in CCB and CIB, and other consumer unsecured loans in CIB.
(e)Credit card, home equity and certain business banking lending-related commitments represent the total available lines of credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit would be used at the same time. For credit card commitments, and if certain conditions are met, home equity commitments and certain business banking commitments, the Firm can reduce or cancel these lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. Refer to Note 24 for further information.
(f)Includes billed interest and fees.
(g)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CB and CIB.
65

(h)Represents the notional amount of protection obtained through the issuance of credit-related notes that reference certain pools of residential real estate and auto loans in the retained consumer portfolio.
(i)Included credit exposure of $104.6 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition consisting of $101.5 billion in residential real estate and $3.1 billion in auto and other.
(j)At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $215 million and $302 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded from nonaccrual loans based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status, as permitted by regulatory guidance.
(k)Generally excludes loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
(l)At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded $39 million and $101 million, respectively, of PPP loans 90 or more days past due and guaranteed by the SBA.
(m)Average consumer loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were $13.3 billion and $18.2 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $12.4 billion and $21.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts were excluded when calculating net charge-off/(recovery) rates.

Maturities and sensitivity to changes in interest rates
The table below sets forth loan maturities by scheduled repayments, by class of loan and the distribution between fixed and floating interest rates based on the stated terms of the loan agreements. Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 110-115 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Within
1 year(d)
1-5
years		 5-15
years		 After 15 years Total
Consumer, excluding credit card
Residential real estate $ 16,797  $ 27,570  $ 109,586  $ 183,944  $ 337,897 
Auto and other 19,826 
(e)
 45,847  4,629  5  70,307 
Total consumer, excluding credit
card loans(a)
 $ 36,623  $ 73,417  $ 114,215  $ 183,949  $ 408,204 
Total credit card loans $ 190,780  $ 568 

$ —  $ —  $ 191,348 
Total consumer loans $ 227,403  $ 73,985  $ 114,215  $ 183,949  $ 599,552 
Loans due after one year at fixed interest rates
Residential real estate(b)
 $ 20,332  $ 59,618  $ 91,537 
Auto and other 45,771  3,678  5 
Credit card 568  —  — 
Loans due after one year at variable interest rates
Residential real estate(c)
 $ 7,238  $ 49,968  $ 92,407 
Auto and other 76  951  — 
Total consumer loans $ 73,985  $ 114,215  $ 183,949 
(a)Included $3.6 billion, $4.7 billion, $27.3 billion, and $58.3 billion of loans within 1 year, 1-5 years, 5-15 years, and after 15 years, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(b)Included $3.0 billion, $8.8 billion, and $15.6 billion in 1-5 years, 5-15 years, and after 15 years, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(c)Included $1.7 billion, $18.6 billion, and $42.7 billion in 1-5 years, 5-15 years, and after 15 years, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(d)Includes loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value.
(e)Includes overdrafts.

66

Consumer, excluding credit card
Portfolio analysis
Loans increased compared to December 31, 2022 driven by residential real estate loans associated with the First Republic acquisition and higher auto loans.
Residential real estate: The residential real estate portfolio, including loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value, predominantly consists of prime mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit.
Retained loans increased compared to December 31, 2022, reflecting residential real estate loans associated with the First Republic acquisition. Retained nonaccrual loans decreased compared to December 31, 2022. Net recoveries were lower for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in the prior year driven by lower prepayments due to higher interest rates.
Loans at fair value decreased from December 31, 2022, driven by a decrease in CIB due to sales outpacing purchases largely offset by an increase in Home Lending as originations outpaced warehouse loan sales. Nonaccrual loans at fair value were relatively flat compared to December 31, 2022.
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of interest-only residential mortgage loans was $90.0 billion and $36.3 billion, respectively. The increase was driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition. These loans have an interest-only payment period generally followed by an adjustable-rate or fixed-rate fully amortizing payment period to maturity and are typically originated as higher-balance loans to higher-income borrowers. The credit performance of this portfolio is comparable with the performance of the broader prime mortgage portfolio and there were no charge-offs associated with the First Republic acquisition.
The carrying value of home equity lines of credit outstanding was $16.9 billion at June 30, 2023, which included $2.6 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition. The carrying value of home equity lines of credit outstanding included $4.6 billion of HELOCs that have recast from interest-only to fully amortizing payments or have been modified and $4.7 billion of interest-only balloon HELOCs, which primarily mature after 2030. The Firm manages the risk of HELOCs during their revolving period by closing or reducing the undrawn line to the extent permitted by law when borrowers are exhibiting a material deterioration in their credit risk profile.
The following table provides a summary of the Firm’s residential mortgage portfolio insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, predominantly loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value. The Firm monitors its exposure to certain potential unrecoverable claim payments related to government-insured loans and considers this exposure in estimating the allowance for loan losses.
(in millions) June 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
Current $ 614  $ 659 
30-89 days past due 112  136 
90 or more days past due 215  302 
Total government guaranteed loans $ 941  $ 1,097 
Geographic composition and current estimated loan-to-value ratio of residential real estate loans
At June 30, 2023, $229.8 billion, or 70% of the total retained residential real estate loan portfolio, was concentrated in California, New York, Florida, Texas and Massachusetts, compared with $147.8 billion, or 62% at December 31, 2022.
Refer to Note 12 for information on the geographic composition and current estimated LTVs of the Firm’s residential real estate loans.
Modified residential real estate loans
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, residential real estate FDMs were $35 million and $75 million, respectively. In addition to FDMs, the Firm also had $33 million and $48 million of loans subject to trial modification where the terms of the loans have not been permanently modified, as well as $3 million and $5 million of loans subject to discharge under Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings ("Chapter 7 loans") for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The changes to the TDR accounting guidance eliminated the TDR reasonably expected and concession assessment criteria. Accordingly, trial modifications and Chapter 7 loans were considered TDRs, but not FDMs. Refer to Note 1 and Note 12 for further information.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, residential real estate TDRs were $115 million and $233 million, respectively. Refer to Note 12 for further information on TDRs in prior periods.


67

Auto and other: The auto and other loan portfolio, including loans at fair value consists of prime-quality scored auto and business banking loans, other consumer unsecured loans, and overdrafts. The portfolio increased when compared to December 31, 2022 due to originations of scored Auto loans and an increase in other consumer unsecured fair value option loans associated with the First Republic acquisition, largely offset by paydowns. Net charge-offs increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in the prior year due to higher scored Auto charge-offs as delinquency levels normalized and vehicle valuations declined. The scored Auto net charge-off rates were 0.41% and 0.12% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 0.43% and 0.15% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Nonperforming assets
The following table presents information as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, about consumer, excluding credit card, nonperforming assets.
Nonperforming assets(a)
(in millions) June 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
Nonaccrual loans
Residential real estate(b)
 $ 4,122  $ 4,196 
Auto and other(c)
 143  129 
Total nonaccrual loans 4,265  4,325 
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
Real estate owned 126  129 
Other 36  28 
Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
 162  157 
Total nonperforming assets $ 4,427  $ 4,482 
(a)At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonperforming assets excluded mortgage loans 90 or more days past due and insured by U.S. government agencies of $215 million and $302 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(b)Generally excludes loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
(c)At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded $39 million and $101 million, respectively, of PPP loans 90 or more days past due and guaranteed by the SBA.
Nonaccrual loans
The following table presents changes in consumer, excluding credit card, nonaccrual loans for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Nonaccrual loan activity
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)		 2023 2022
Beginning balance $ 4,325  $ 5,350 
Additions 1,290  1,149 
Reductions:
Principal payments and other(a)
 486  789 
Charge-offs 202  117 
Returned to performing status 573  824 
Foreclosures and other liquidations 89  97 
Total reductions 1,350  1,827 
Net changes (60) (678)
Ending balance $ 4,265  $ 4,672 
(a)Other reductions include loan sales.
Refer to Note 12 for further information about the consumer credit portfolio, including information about delinquencies, other credit quality indicators, loan modifications and loans that were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.



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Credit card
Total credit card loans increased from December 31, 2022 reflecting growth from new accounts and revolving balances which continued to normalize to pre-pandemic levels. The June 30, 2023 30+ and 90+ day delinquency rates of 1.70% and 0.84%, respectively, increased compared to the December 31, 2022 30+ and 90+ day delinquency rates of 1.45% and 0.68% respectively, and net charge-offs increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in the prior year as 30+ day delinquencies have normalized.
Consistent with the Firm’s policy, all credit card loans typically remain on accrual status until charged off. However, the Firm’s allowance for loan losses includes the estimated uncollectible portion of accrued and billed interest and fee income. Refer to Note 12 for further information about this portfolio, including information about delinquencies.
Geographic and FICO composition of credit card loans
Refer to Note 12 for information on the geographic and FICO composition of the Firm’s credit card loans.
Modifications of credit card loans
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, credit card FDMs were $181 million and $326 million, respectively. In addition to FDMs, the Firm also had $26 million of loans subject to trial modification where the terms of the loans have not been permanently modified for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. The changes to the TDR accounting guidance eliminated the TDR reasonably expected and concession assessment criteria. Accordingly, trial modifications were considered TDRs, but not FDMs.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, credit card TDRs were $81 million and $163 million, respectively.
Refer to Note 1 and Note 12 for further information.

69

WHOLESALE CREDIT PORTFOLIO
In its wholesale businesses, the Firm is exposed to credit risk primarily through its underwriting, lending, market-making, and hedging activities with and for clients and counterparties, as well as through various operating services (such as cash management and clearing activities), securities financing activities and cash placed with banks. A portion of the loans originated or acquired by the Firm’s wholesale businesses is generally retained on the balance sheet. The Firm distributes a significant percentage of the loans that it originates into the market as part of its syndicated loan business and to manage portfolio concentrations and credit risk. The wholesale portfolio is actively managed, in part by conducting ongoing, in-depth reviews of client credit quality and transaction structure inclusive of collateral where applicable, and of industry, product and client concentrations. Refer to the industry discussion on pages 72-75 for further information.
The Firm’s wholesale credit portfolio includes exposure held in CIB, CB, AWM and Corporate, as well as risk-rated BWM and auto dealer exposure held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses. The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate clients, products and services, associated with the First Republic acquisition to align with the Firm’s businesses and operations. Accordingly, reporting classifications and internal risk rating profiles in the wholesale portfolio may change in future periods. Refer to Business Developments on page 9 for additional information.
As of June 30, 2023, the increase in nonperforming exposure was driven by loans, resulting from client-specific downgrades in CB and AWM, partially offset by a reduction in lending-related commitments. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, wholesale charge-offs remained low, despite an increase in charge-offs in the second quarter of 2023 concentrated in Office real estate.
As of June 30, 2023, retained loans increased $64.5 billion predominantly driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Lending-related commitments increased $69.1 billion driven by the impact of the First Republic acquisition, and net portfolio activity in CIB and CB, including an increase in held-for-sale positions in the bridge financing portfolio.

Wholesale credit portfolio
Credit exposure Nonperforming
(in millions) Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022
Loans retained $ 668,145  $ 603,670  $ 2,593  $ 1,963 
Loans held-for-sale 5,043  3,352  48  26 
Loans at fair value 27,329  32,075  367  406 
Loans 700,517  639,097  3,008  2,395 
Derivative receivables 64,217  70,880  286  296 
Receivables from customers(a)
 42,741  49,257  —  — 
Total wholesale credit-related assets 807,475  759,234  3,294  2,691 
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
Real estate owned —  NA 117  74 
Other —  NA —  — 
Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
 —  NA 117  74 
Lending-related commitments 541,089  471,980  332  455 
Total wholesale credit portfolio $ 1,348,564 
(c)
 $ 1,231,214  $ 3,743  $ 3,220 
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities(b)
 $ (31,105) $ (18,143) $ —  $ — 
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives (23,282) (23,014) —  NA
(a)Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM; these are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage both performing and nonperforming wholesale credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Credit derivatives on page 79 and Note 5 for additional information.
(c)Included credit exposure of $98.2 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition.



70

Wholesale credit exposure – maturity and ratings profile
The following tables present the maturity and internal risk rating profiles of the wholesale credit portfolio as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The Firm generally considers internal ratings with qualitative characteristics equivalent to BBB-/Baa3 or higher as investment grade, and takes into consideration collateral and structural support when determining the internal risk rating for each credit facility. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on internal risk ratings.
Maturity profile(d)
 Ratings profile
1 year or less  1 year through 5 years After 5 years Total Investment-grade Noninvestment-grade Total Total % of IG
June 30, 2023,
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans retained $ 225,626  $ 265,856  $ 176,663  $ 668,145  $ 451,978  $ 216,167  $ 668,145  68  %
Derivative receivables 64,217  64,217 
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives (23,282) (23,282)
Total derivative receivables, net of collateral 12,198  11,089  17,648  40,935  32,682  8,253  40,935  80 
Lending-related commitments 141,356  375,289  24,444  541,089  354,209  186,880  541,089  65 
Subtotal 379,180  652,234  218,755  1,250,169  838,869  411,300  1,250,169  67 
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(a)
 32,372  32,372 
Receivables from customers 42,741  42,741 
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives $ 1,325,282  $ 1,325,282 
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities(b)(c)
 $ (6,612) $ (22,502) $ (1,991) $ (31,105) $ (26,836) $ (4,269) $ (31,105) 86  %
Maturity profile(d)
 Ratings profile
1 year or less  1 year through 5 years After 5 years Total Investment-grade Noninvestment-grade Total Total % of IG
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans retained $ 204,761  $ 253,896  $ 145,013  $ 603,670  $ 425,412  $ 178,258  $ 603,670  70  %
Derivative receivables 70,880  70,880 
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives (23,014) (23,014)
Total derivative receivables, net of collateral 13,508  14,880  19,478  47,866  36,231  11,635  47,866  76 
Lending-related commitments 101,083  347,456  23,441  471,980  327,168  144,812  471,980  69 
Subtotal 319,352  616,232  187,932  1,123,516  788,811  334,705  1,123,516  70 
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(a)
 35,427  35,427 
Receivables from customers 49,257  49,257 
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives $ 1,208,200  $ 1,208,200 
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities(b)(c)
 $ (2,817) $ (13,530) $ (1,796) $ (18,143) $ (15,115) $ (3,028) $ (18,143) 83  %
(a)Loans held-for-sale are primarily related to syndicated loans and loans transferred from the retained portfolio.
(b)These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP.
(c)The notional amounts are presented on a net basis by underlying reference entity and the ratings profile shown is based on the ratings of the reference entity on which protection has been purchased. Predominantly all of the credit derivatives entered into by the Firm where it has purchased protection used in credit portfolio management activities are executed with investment-grade counterparties. In addition, the Firm obtains credit protection against certain loans in the retained loan portfolio through the issuance of credit-related notes.
(d)The maturity profile of retained loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables is generally based on remaining contractual maturity. Derivative contracts that are in a receivable position as of June 30, 2023, may become payable prior to maturity based on their cash flow profile or changes in market conditions.

71

Wholesale credit exposure – industry exposures
The Firm focuses on the management and diversification of its industry exposures, and pays particular attention to industries with actual or potential credit concerns.
Exposures deemed criticized align with the U.S. banking regulators’ definition of criticized exposures, which consist of the special mention, substandard and doubtful categories. Total criticized exposure, excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value, was $35.0 billion and $31.3 billion as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, representing approximately 2.8% and 2.7% of total wholesale credit exposure, respectively. Criticized exposure increased, driven by client-specific downgrades largely in Real Estate, Consumer and Retail, Technology, Media & Telecommunications, and Healthcare, as well as exposures associated with the First Republic acquisition, partially offset by client-specific upgrades. Of the $35.0 billion of criticized exposure at June 30, 2023, approximately half was undrawn and $31.8 billion was performing.
The table below summarizes by industry the Firm’s exposures as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The industry of risk category is generally based on the client or counterparty’s primary business activity. Refer to Note 4 for additional information on industry concentrations.
Wholesale credit exposure – industries(a)
Selected metrics
30 days or more past due and accruing
loans		 Net
charge-offs/
(recoveries)
Credit derivative hedges and credit-related notes(i)
 Liquid securities
and other cash collateral held against derivative
receivables
Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the six months ended
Credit exposure(f)(g)(h)
 Investment- grade Noncriticized Criticized performing Criticized nonperforming
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Real Estate $ 206,912  $ 151,293  $ 50,328  $ 4,715  $ 576  $ 286  $ 102  $ (671) $ — 
Individuals and Individual Entities(b)
 141,178  115,505  24,954  210  509  1,158  —  —  — 
Asset Managers 138,143  87,284  50,713  138  8  72  —  —  (8,906)
Consumer & Retail 125,935  62,890  54,980  7,511  554  416  59  (3,618) — 
Industrials 77,206  43,489  30,310  3,242  165  362  16  (2,072) (3)
Technology, Media & Telecommunications 76,444  41,401  27,127  7,708  208  125  78  (3,396) — 
Healthcare 65,547  43,569  19,435  2,140  403  292  13  (2,829) (13)
Banks & Finance Cos 61,659  31,037  29,540  1,061  21  71  4  (470) (1,123)
State & Municipal Govt(c)
 37,157  33,372  3,560  222  3  7  —  (4) — 
Utilities 35,757  25,124  9,746  768  119  60  (2) (1,989) — 
Oil & Gas 33,233  18,969  13,768  446  50  42  4  (1,384) — 
Automotive 32,947  23,385  9,174  235  153  56  —  (623) — 
Chemicals & Plastics 22,195  12,020  9,243  811  121  26  —  (835) — 
Insurance 21,874  15,513  6,062  299  —  14  —  (531) (7,529)
Central Govt 16,845  16,396  318  127  4  —  —  (3,724) (229)
Metals & Mining 15,631  8,528  6,623  450  30  —  (6) (209) — 
Transportation 15,447  6,879  7,002  1,516  50  64  (18) (598) — 
Securities Firms 9,077  6,116  2,961  —  —  4  —  (14) (2,693)
Financial Markets Infrastructure 4,993  4,599  394  —  —  —  —  (1) — 
All other(d)
 135,271  114,197  20,621  216  237  40  (2) (8,137) (2,786)
Subtotal $ 1,273,451  $ 861,566  $ 376,859  $ 31,815  $ 3,211  $ 3,095  $ 248  $ (31,105) $ (23,282)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value 32,372 
Receivables from customers 42,741 
Total(e)
 $ 1,348,564 












72










(continued from previous page)
Selected metrics
30 days or more past due and accruing
loans		 Net
charge-offs/
(recoveries)
Credit derivative hedges and credit-related notes(i)
 Liquid securities
and other cash collateral held against derivative
receivables
Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the year ended
Credit exposure(f)(g)
 Investment- grade Noncriticized Criticized performing Criticized nonperforming
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Real Estate $ 170,857  $ 129,866  $ 36,945  $ 3,609  $ 437  $ 543  $ 19  $ (113) $ — 
Individuals and Individual Entities(b)
 130,815  112,006  18,104  360  345  1,038  1  —  — 
Asset Managers 95,656  78,925  16,665  61  5  15  (1) —  (8,278)
Consumer & Retail 120,555  60,781  51,871  7,295  608  321  49  (1,157) — 
Industrials 72,483  39,052  30,500  2,809  122  282  44  (1,258) — 
Technology, Media & Telecommunications 72,286  39,199  25,689  7,096  302  62  39  (1,766) — 
Healthcare 62,613  43,839  17,117  1,479  178  43  27  (1,055) — 
Banks & Finance Cos 51,816  27,811  22,994  961  50  36  —  (262) (994)
State & Municipal Govt(c)
 33,847  33,191  529  126  1  36  —  (9) (5)
Utilities 36,218  25,981  9,294  807  136  21  15  (607) (1)
Oil & Gas 38,668  20,547  17,616  474  31  57  (6) (414) — 
Automotive 33,287  23,908  8,839  416  124  198  (2) (513) — 
Chemicals & Plastics 20,030  12,134  7,103  744  49  10  3  (298) — 
Insurance 21,045  15,468  5,396  181  —  1  —  (273) (7,296)
Central Govt 19,095  18,698  362  35  —  —  10  (4,591) (677)
Metals & Mining 15,915  8,825  6,863  222  5  7  (1) (27) (4)
Transportation 15,009  6,497  6,862  1,574  76  24  2  (339) — 
Securities Firms 8,066  4,235  3,716  115  —  —  (13) (26) (2,811)
Financial Markets Infrastructure 4,962  4,525  437  —  —  —  —  —  — 
All other(d)
 123,307  105,284  17,555  223  245  4  (5) (5,435) (2,948)
Subtotal $ 1,146,530  $ 810,772  $ 304,457  $ 28,587  $ 2,714  $ 2,698  $ 181  $ (18,143) $ (23,014)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value 35,427 

Receivables from customers 49,257 
Total(e)
 $ 1,231,214 
(a)The industry rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2022, are based on the industry rankings of the corresponding exposures as of June 30, 2023, not actual rankings of such exposures as of December 31, 2022.
(b)Individuals and Individual Entities predominantly consists of Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB, and includes exposure to personal investment companies and personal and testamentary trusts.
(c)In addition to the credit risk exposure to states and municipal governments (both U.S. and non-U.S.) noted above, the Firm held $6.8 billion and $6.6 billion of trading assets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively; $24.0 billion and $6.8 billion, respectively, of AFS securities; and $11.6 billion and $19.7 billion, respectively, of HTM securities, issued by U.S. state and municipal governments. Refer to Note 2 and Note 10 for further information.
(d)All other includes: SPEs, and Private education and civic organizations, representing approximately 94% and 6%, respectively, as of June 30, 2023 and 95% and 5%, respectively, as of December 31, 2022.
(e)Excludes cash and other deposits placed with banks of $485.4 billion and $556.6 billion, as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is predominantly placed with various central banks, primarily Federal Reserve Banks.
(f)Credit exposure is net of risk participations and excludes the benefit of credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities held against derivative receivables or loans and liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables.
(g)Credit exposure includes held-for-sale and fair value option elected lending-related commitments.
(h)Included credit exposure of $98.2 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition predominantly in Asset Managers, Real Estate, and Individuals and Individual Entities.
(i)Represents the net notional amounts of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage the credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. The All other category includes purchased credit protection on certain credit indices.
73

Presented below is additional detail on certain of the Firm’s industry exposures.
Real Estate
Real Estate exposure was $206.9 billion as of June 30, 2023. Criticized exposure increased by $1.3 billion from $4.0 billion as of December 31, 2022 to $5.3 billion as of June 30, 2023, driven by client-specific downgrades, partially offset by client-specific upgrades.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios) Loans and Lending-related Commitments Derivative Receivables Credit exposure % Investment-grade
% Drawn(e)
Multifamily(a)
 $ 119,840  $ 11  $ 119,851  83  % 89  %
Other Income Producing Properties(b)
 18,664  178  18,842  56  68 
Industrial 17,997  —  17,997  66  74 
Office 17,623  24  17,647  62  76 
Services and Non Income Producing 15,656  63  15,719  64  53 
Retail 12,899  35  12,934  61  71 
Lodging 3,902  20  3,922  16  47 
Total Real Estate Exposure(c)
 $ 206,581  $ 331  $ 206,912 
(d)
 73  % 80  %
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios) Loans and Lending-related Commitments Derivative
Receivables		 Credit exposure % Investment-
grade
% Drawn(e)
Multifamily(a)
 $ 99,555  $ 17  $ 99,572  82  % 87  %
Other Income Producing Properties(b)
 12,701  150  12,851  70  62 
Industrial 15,928  1  15,929  72  71 
Office 14,917  25  14,942  74  73 
Services and Non Income Producing 13,968  10  13,978  65  48 
Retail 10,192  8  10,200  75  68 
Lodging 3,347  38  3,385  6  37 
Total Real Estate Exposure
 $ 170,608  $ 249  $ 170,857  76  % 77  %
(a)Multifamily exposure is largely in California.
(b)Other Income Producing Properties consists of clients with diversified property types or other property types outside of categories listed in the table above.
(c)Real Estate exposure is approximately 82% secured; unsecured exposure is approximately 76% investment-grade.
(d)Included $33.2 billion of credit exposure associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)Represents drawn exposure as a percentage of credit exposure.


74

Consumer & Retail
Consumer & Retail exposure was $125.9 billion as of June 30, 2023. Criticized exposure increased by $162 million from $7.9 billion as of December 31, 2022 to $8.1 billion as of June 30, 2023, driven by client-specific downgrades predominantly offset by client-specific upgrades and net portfolio activity.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios) Loans and Lending-related Commitments Derivative Receivables Credit exposure % Investment-grade
% Drawn(d)
Retail(a)
 $ 35,745  $ 329  $ 36,074  53  % 32  %
Business and Consumer Services 33,127  348  33,475  49  41 
Food and Beverage 31,747  1,195  32,942  56  40 
Consumer Hard Goods 13,927  285  14,212  47  36 
Leisure(b)
 9,111  121  9,232  25  44 
Total Consumer & Retail(c)
 $ 123,657  $ 2,278  $ 125,935  50  % 38  %
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios) Loans and Lending-related Commitments Derivative
Receivables		 Credit exposure % Investment-
grade
% Drawn(d)
Retail(a)
 $ 33,891  $ 309  $ 34,200  50  % 33  %
Business and Consumer Services 31,256  384  31,640  50  40 
Food and Beverage 31,706  736  32,442  59  39 
Consumer Hard Goods 13,879  172  14,051  51  39 
Leisure(b)
 8,173  49  8,222  21  45 
Total Consumer & Retail
 $ 118,905  $ 1,650  $ 120,555  50  % 38  %
(a)Retail consists of Home Improvement & Specialty Retailers, Restaurants, Supermarkets, Discount & Drug Stores, Specialty Apparel and Department Stores.
(b)Leisure consists of Gaming, Arts & Culture, Travel Services and Sports & Recreation. As of June 30, 2023 approximately 88% of the noninvestment-grade Leisure portfolio is secured.
(c)Consumer & Retail exposure is approximately 57% secured; unsecured exposure is approximately 79% investment-grade.
(d)Represents drawn exposure as a percent of credit exposure.
Oil & Gas
Oil & Gas exposure was $33.2 billion as of June 30, 2023 of which $496 million was considered criticized exposure.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios) Loans and Lending-related Commitments Derivative Receivables Credit exposure % Investment-grade
% Drawn(c)
Exploration & Production (“E&P”) and Oil field Services $ 16,592  $ 1,186  $ 17,778  56  % 29  %
Other Oil & Gas(a)
 15,289  166  15,455  58  28 
Total Oil & Gas(b)
 $ 31,881  $ 1,352  $ 33,233  57  % 29  %
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios) Loans and Lending-related Commitments Derivative
Receivables		 Credit exposure % Investment-
grade
% Drawn(c)
Exploration & Production (“E&P”) and Oil field Services $ 17,729  $ 4,666  $ 22,395  50  % 25  %
Other Oil & Gas(a)
 15,818  455  16,273  57  25 
Total Oil & Gas $ 33,547  $ 5,121  $ 38,668  53  % 25  %
(a)Other Oil & Gas includes Integrated Oil & Gas companies, Midstream/Oil Pipeline companies and refineries.
(b)Oil & Gas exposure is approximately 40% secured, approximately half of which is reserve-based lending to the Exploration & Production sub-sector; unsecured exposure is approximately 68% investment-grade.
(c)Represents drawn exposure as a percent of credit exposure.

75

Loans
In its wholesale businesses, the Firm provides loans to a variety of clients, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to high-net-worth individuals. Refer to Note 12 for a further discussion on loans, including information about delinquencies, loan modifications and other credit quality indicators.
The following table presents the change in the nonaccrual loan portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Since June 30, 2022, nonaccrual loan exposure increased by $518 million driven by Healthcare, Consumer & Retail, and Real Estate resulting from downgrades, partially offset by Transportation and civic organizations resulting from net portfolio activity.
Wholesale nonaccrual loan activity
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)		 2023 2022
Beginning balance
 $ 2,395  $ 2,445 
Additions
 1,649  1,239 
Reductions:
Paydowns and other 618  776 
Gross charge-offs 281  83 
Returned to performing status 85  326 
Sales 52  9 
Total reductions 1,036  1,194 
Net changes 613  45 
Ending balance $ 3,008  $ 2,490 

The following table presents net charge-offs/recoveries, which are defined as gross charge-offs less recoveries, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The amounts in the table below do not include gains or losses from sales of nonaccrual loans recognized in noninterest revenue.
Wholesale net charge-offs/(recoveries)
(in millions, except ratios) Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Loans
Average loans retained
 $ 647,474  $ 577,850  $ 624,566  $ 568,673 
Gross charge-offs
 189  71  294  123 
Gross recoveries collected
 (24) (21) (46) (43)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
 165  50  248  80 
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
 0.10  % 0.03  % 0.08  % 0.03  %

Modified wholesale loans
The amortized cost of wholesale FDMs was $673 million and $854 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Refer to Note 1 and Note 12 for further information.
Wholesale TDRs were $60 million and $479 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 12 for further information on TDRs in prior periods.
76

Maturities and sensitivity to changes in interest rates
The table below sets forth loan maturities by scheduled repayments, by class of loan and the distribution between fixed and floating interest rates based on the stated terms of the loan agreements. Refer to Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 116-126 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information. Refer to Note 12 for further information on loan classes.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
 1 year or less(f)
 After 1 year through 5 years After 5 years through 15 years After 15 years Total
Wholesale loans:
Secured by real estate(a)
 $ 17,025  $ 61,188  $ 50,001  $ 41,680  $ 169,894 
Commercial and industrial 54,346  114,370  8,863  197  177,776 
Other(b)
 184,593  127,299  35,378  5,577  352,847 
Total wholesale loans $ 255,964  $ 302,857  $ 94,242  $ 47,454  $ 700,517 
Loans due after one year at fixed interest rates
Secured by real estate(c)
 $ 15,915  $ 11,563  $ 520 
Commercial and industrial 5,775  1,238  66 
Other 30,048  15,690  3,808 
Loans due after one year at variable interest rates
Secured by real estate(d)
 $ 45,273  $ 38,438  $ 41,160 
Commercial and industrial 108,595  7,625  131 
Other(e)
 97,251  19,688  1,769 
Total wholesale loans $ 302,857  $ 94,242  $ 47,454 
(a)Included $6.5 billion, $17.0 billion, and $9.9 billion of loans in 1 year or less, after 1 year through 5 years, and after 5 years though 15, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(b)Included $12.0 billion, and $3.8 billion of loans in 1 year or less, and after 1 year through 5 years, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(c)Included $9.7 billion, and $5.7 billion in after 1 year through 5 years, and after 5 years though 15, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(d)Included $7.3 billion, and $4.2 billion in after 1 year through 5 years, and after 5 years though 15, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)Included $3.2 billion in after 1 year through 5 years associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(f)Includes loans held-for-sale, demand loans and overdrafts.

The following table presents net charge-offs/recoveries, average retained loans and net charge-off/recovery rate by loan class for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Three months ended June 30,
Secured by real estate Commercial
 and industrial		 Other Total

(in millions, except ratios)		 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) $ 85  $ 2  $ 81  $ 47  $ (1) $ 1  $ 165  $ 50 
Average retained loans 153,590  120,441  171,684  162,702  322,200  294,707  647,474  577,850 
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate 0.22  % 0.01  % 0.19  % 0.12  % —  % —  % 0.10  % 0.03  %
Six months ended June 30,
Secured by real estate Commercial
 and industrial		 Other Total

(in millions, except ratios)		 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) $ 90  $ 8  $ 151  $ 54  $ 7  $ 18  $ 248  $ 80 
Average retained loans 139,822  119,139  171,136  158,222  313,608  291,312  624,566  568,673 
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate 0.13  % 0.01  % 0.18  % 0.07  % —  % 0.01  % 0.08  % 0.03  %













77



Lending-related commitments
The Firm uses lending-related financial instruments, such as commitments (including revolving credit facilities) and guarantees, to address the financing needs of its clients. The contractual amounts of these financial instruments represent the maximum possible credit risk should the clients draw down on these commitments or when the Firm fulfills its obligations under these guarantees, and the clients subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of these contracts. Most of these commitments and guarantees have historically been refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expired without being drawn upon or a default occurring. As a result, the Firm does not believe that the total contractual amount of these wholesale lending-related commitments is representative of the Firm’s expected future credit exposure or funding requirements. Refer to Note 24 for further information on wholesale lending-related commitments.
Receivables from customers
Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM that are collateralized by assets maintained in the clients’ brokerage accounts (e.g., cash on deposit, and liquid and readily marketable debt or equity securities). Because of this collateralization, no allowance for credit losses is generally held against these receivables. To manage its credit risk the Firm establishes margin requirements and monitors the required margin levels on an ongoing basis, and requires clients to deposit additional cash or other collateral, or to reduce positions, when appropriate. These receivables are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
Derivative contracts
Derivatives enable clients and counterparties to manage risk including credit risk and risks arising from fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange and equities and commodities prices. The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet these needs and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from its market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. The Firm also uses derivative instruments to manage its own credit risk and other market risk exposure. The nature of the counterparty and the settlement mechanism of the derivative affect the credit risk to which the Firm is exposed. For over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives the Firm is exposed to the credit risk of the derivative counterparty. For exchange-traded derivatives (“ETD”), such as futures and options, and cleared over-the-counter (“OTC-cleared”) derivatives, the Firm can also be exposed to the credit risk of the relevant central counterparty clearing house (“CCP”). Where possible, the Firm seeks to mitigate its credit risk exposures arising from derivative contracts through the use of legally enforceable master netting arrangements and collateral agreements.
The percentage of the Firm’s over-the-counter derivative transactions subject to collateral agreements — excluding foreign exchange spot trades, which are not typically covered by collateral agreements due to their short maturity, and centrally cleared trades that are settled daily — was approximately 88% and 87% at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 5 for additional information on the Firm’s use of collateral agreements and for a further discussion of derivative contracts, counterparties and settlement types.
The fair value of derivative receivables reported on the Consolidated balance sheets was $64.2 billion and $70.9 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by market movements in CIB Markets. Derivative receivables represent the fair value of the derivative contracts after giving effect to legally enforceable master netting agreements and the related cash collateral held by the Firm.
In addition, the Firm held liquid securities and other cash collateral that may be used as security when the fair value of the client’s exposure is in the Firm’s favor. For these purposes, the definition of liquid securities is consistent with the definition of high quality liquid assets as defined in the LCR rule.
In management’s view, the appropriate measure of current credit risk should also take into consideration other collateral, which generally represents securities that do not qualify as high quality liquid assets under the LCR rule. The benefits of these additional collateral amounts for each counterparty are subject to a legally enforceable master netting agreement and limited to the net amount of the derivative receivables for each counterparty.
The Firm also holds additional collateral (primarily cash, G7 government securities, other liquid government agency and guaranteed securities, and corporate debt and equity securities) delivered by clients at the initiation of transactions, as well as collateral related to contracts that have a non-daily call frequency and collateral that the Firm has agreed to return but has not yet settled as of the reporting date. Although this collateral does not reduce the balances and is not included in the tables below, it is available as security against potential exposure that could arise should the fair value of the client’s derivative contracts move in the Firm’s favor. Refer to Note 5 for additional information on the Firm’s use of collateral agreements for derivatives transactions.

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The following tables summarize the net derivative receivables and the internal ratings profile for the periods presented.
Derivative receivables
(in millions) June 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
Total, net of cash collateral $ 64,217  $ 70,880 
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables (23,282) (23,014)
Total, net of liquid securities and other cash collateral $ 40,935  $ 47,866 
Other collateral held against derivative receivables (1,257) (1,261)
Total, net of collateral $ 39,678  $ 46,605 
Ratings profile of derivative receivables

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022

(in millions, except ratios)
 Exposure net of collateral % of exposure net of collateral Exposure net of collateral % of exposure net of collateral
Investment-grade $ 31,560  80  % $ 35,097  75  %
Noninvestment-grade 8,118  20  11,508  (a) 25 
Total $ 39,678  100  % $ 46,605  100  %
Credit portfolio management activities
The Firm uses credit derivatives for two primary purposes: first, in its capacity as a market-maker, and second, as an end-user, to manage the Firm’s own credit risk associated with traditional lending activities (loans and lending-related commitments) and derivatives counterparty exposure in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. In addition, the Firm obtains credit protection against certain loans in the retained wholesale portfolio through the issuance of credit-related notes. Information on credit portfolio management activities is provided in the table below.
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities
Notional amount of protection
purchased and sold(a)
(in millions) June 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used to manage:
Loans and lending-related commitments
 $ 16,801  $ 6,422 
Derivative receivables 14,304  11,721 
Credit derivatives and credit-related notes used in credit portfolio management activities $ 31,105  $ 18,143 
(a)Amounts are presented net, considering the Firm’s net protection purchased or sold with respect to each underlying reference entity or index.
Refer to Credit derivatives in Note 5 of this Form 10-Q and Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on credit derivatives and derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities.
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ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The Firm’s allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm's financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. The allowance for credit losses generally consists of:
•the allowance for loan losses, which covers the Firm’s retained loan portfolios (scored and risk-rated),
•the allowance for lending-related commitments, which is reflected in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, and
•the allowance for credit losses on investment securities, which is reflected in investment securities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Discussion of changes in the allowance
The allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2023 was $24.3 billion, reflecting a net addition of $2.7 billion from December 31, 2022.
The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included $1.5 billion, consisting of:
•$819 million in wholesale, predominantly driven by net downgrade activity, updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate in CB in the second quarter of 2023, and the impact of the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, and
•$649 million in consumer, predominantly driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, and the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by reduced borrower uncertainty.
The net addition also included $1.2 billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments in the second quarter of 2023.
The Firm has maintained the additional weight placed on the relative adverse scenario in the first quarter of 2023, reflecting an increased probability of a moderate recession due to tightening financial conditions.
The allowance for credit losses also reflected a reduction of $587 million as a result of the adoption of changes to the TDR accounting guidance on January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
The Firm's allowance for credit losses is estimated using a weighted average of five internally developed macroeconomic scenarios. The adverse scenarios incorporate more punitive macroeconomic factors than the central case assumptions provided in the table below, resulting in a weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking at 5.8% in the third quarter of 2024, and a 1.5% lower U.S. real GDP exiting the fourth quarter of 2024.
The Firm’s central case assumptions reflected U.S. unemployment rates and U.S. real GDP as follows:
Assumptions at June 30, 2023
4Q23 2Q24 4Q24
U.S. unemployment rate(a)
 4.2  % 4.9  % 5.0  %
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)
 0.5  % —  % 1.0  %
Assumptions at December 31, 2022
2Q23 4Q23 2Q24
U.S. unemployment rate(a)
 3.8  % 4.3  % 5.0  %
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)
 1.5  % 0.4  % —  %
(a)Reflects quarterly average of forecasted U.S. unemployment rate.
(b)The year over year growth in U.S. real GDP in the forecast horizon of the central scenario is calculated as the percentage change in U.S. real GDP levels from the prior year.
Subsequent changes to this forecast and related estimates will be reflected in the provision for credit losses in future periods.
Refer to Note 13 and Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the policies, methodologies and judgments used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses on loans, lending-related commitments, and investment securities.
Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 65-69, Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 70-79 and Note 12 for additional information on the consumer and wholesale credit portfolios.
Refer to Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 91-93 for further information on the allowance for credit losses and related management judgments.
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Allowance for credit losses and related information
2023 2022
Six months ended June 30, Consumer, excluding
credit card		 Credit card Wholesale Total Consumer, excluding
credit card		 Credit card Wholesale Total
(in millions, except ratios)
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance at January 1, $ 2,040  $ 11,200  $ 6,486  $ 19,726  $ 1,765  $ 10,250  $ 4,371  $ 16,386 
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle(a)
 (489) (100) 2  (587) NA NA NA NA
Gross charge-offs 501  2,432  294  3,227  384  1,505  123  2,012 
Gross recoveries collected (247) (386) (46) (679) (311) (419) (43) (773)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) 254  2,046  248  2,548  73  1,086  80  1,239 
Provision for loan losses 751  2,546  2,067  5,364  237  1,236  1,125  2,598 
Other —  —  25  25  —  5  5 
Ending balance at June 30, $ 2,048  $ 11,600  $ 8,332  $ 21,980  $ 1,929  $ 10,400  $ 5,421  $ 17,750 
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance at January 1, $ 76  $ —  $ 2,306  $ 2,382  $ 113  $ —  $ 2,148  $ 2,261 
Provision for lending-related commitments 52  —  (253) (201) (2) —  (37) (39)
Other 1  —  4  5  (1) —  1  — 
Ending balance at June 30, $ 129  $ —  $ 2,057  $ 2,186  $ 110  $ —  $ 2,112  $ 2,222 
Impairment methodology
Asset-specific(b)
 $ (971) $ —  $ 478  $ (493) $ (676) $ 227  $ 332  $ (117)
Portfolio-based 3,019  11,600  7,854  22,473  2,605  10,173  5,089  17,867 
Total allowance for loan losses $ 2,048  $ 11,600  $ 8,332  $ 21,980  $ 1,929  $ 10,400  $ 5,421  $ 17,750 
Impairment methodology
Asset-specific $ —  $ —  $ 65  $ 65  $ —  $ —  $ 78  $ 78 
Portfolio-based 129  —  1,992  2,121  110  —  2,034  2,144 
Total allowance for lending-related commitments
 $ 129  $ —  $ 2,057  $ 2,186  $ 110  $ —  $ 2,112  $ 2,222 
Total allowance for investment securities NA NA NA $ 104  NA NA NA $ 47 
Total allowance for credit losses(c)(d)
 $ 2,177  $ 11,600  $ 10,389  $ 24,270  $ 2,039  $ 10,400  $ 7,533  $ 20,019 
Memo:
Retained loans, end-of-period $ 396,195  $ 191,348  $ 668,145  $ 1,255,688  $ 302,631  $ 165,494  $ 584,265  $ 1,052,390 
Retained loans, average 330,227  183,757  624,566  1,138,550 297,566  153,941  568,673  1,020,180
Credit ratios
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans
 0.52  % 6.06  % 1.25  % 1.75  % 0.64  % 6.28  % 0.93  % 1.69  %
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans(e)
 54  NM 321  345  46  NM 260  283 
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans excluding credit card
 54  NM 321  163  46  NM 260  117 
Net charge-off/(recovery) rates 0.16  2.25  0.08  0.45  0.05  1.42  0.03  0.24 
(a)Represents the impact to the allowance for loan losses upon the Firm's adoption of changes to the TDR accounting guidance on January 1, 2023. The adoption of this guidance eliminated the existing accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs, including the requirement to measure the allowance using a discounted cash flow ("DCF") methodology. The Firm elected to change from an asset-specific allowance approach to its non-DCF, portfolio-based allowance approach for modified loans to troubled borrowers for all portfolios except collateral-dependent loans and nonaccrual risk-rated loans, for which the asset-specific allowance approach will continue to apply. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
(b)Includes collateral-dependent loans, including those for which foreclosure is deemed probable, and nonaccrual risk-rated loans for all periods presented. Prior periods also include non collateral-dependent TDRs or reasonably expected TDRs and modified purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") loans.
(c)At June 30, 2023, in addition to the allowance for credit losses in the table above, the Firm also had an allowance for credit losses of $18 million associated with certain accounts receivable in CIB.
(d)As of June 30, 2023 included$1.2 billion allowance for credit losses associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(e)The Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.

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Allocation of allowance for loan losses
The table below presents a breakdown of the allowance for loan losses by loan class. Refer to Note 12 for further information on loan classes.
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022

(in millions, except ratios)		 Allowance for loan losses Percent of retained loans to total retained loans Allowance for loan losses Percent of retained loans to total retained loans
Residential real estate $ 1,022  26  % $ 1,070  22  %
Auto and other 1,026  5  970  6 
Consumer, excluding credit card 2,048  32  2,040  28 
Credit card 11,600  15  11,200  17 
Total consumer 13,648  47  13,240  45 
Secured by real estate 2,548  13  1,782  12 
Commercial and industrial 3,837  14  3,507  15 
Other 1,947  27  1,197  28 
Total wholesale 8,332  53  6,486  55 
Total(a)
 $ 21,980  100  % $ 19,726  100  %
(a) As of June 30, 2023 included $1.1 billion allowance for loan losses associated with the First Republic acquisition, consisting of $377 million in Residential real estate, $290 million in Secured by real estate, and $404 million in Commercial and industrial.
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INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO RISK MANAGEMENT
Investment portfolio risk is the risk associated with the loss of principal or a reduction in expected returns on investments arising from the investment securities portfolio or from principal investments. The investment securities portfolio is predominantly held by Treasury and CIO in connection with the Firm’s balance sheet and asset-liability management objectives. Principal investments are predominantly privately-held financial instruments and are managed in the LOBs and Corporate. Investments are typically intended to be held over extended periods and, accordingly, the Firm has no expectation for short-term realized gains with respect to these investments.
Investment securities risk
Investment securities risk includes the exposure associated with a default in the payment of principal and interest. This risk is mitigated given that the investment securities portfolio held by Treasury and CIO predominantly consists of high-quality securities. At June 30, 2023, the Treasury and CIO investment securities portfolio, net of the allowance for credit losses, was $610.2 billion, and the average credit rating of the securities comprising the portfolio was AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings). Refer to Corporate segment results on pages 45-46 and Note 10 for further information on the investment securities portfolio and internal risk ratings. Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 54-61 for further information on related liquidity risk. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 84-89 for further information on the market risk inherent in the portfolio.
Principal investment risk
Principal investments are typically privately-held financial instruments representing ownership interests or other forms of junior capital. In general, principal investments include tax-oriented investments and investments made to enhance or accelerate the Firm’s business strategies and exclude those that are consolidated on the Firm's balance sheets. These investments are made by dedicated investing businesses or as part of a broader business strategy. The Firm’s principal investments are managed by the LOBs and Corporate and are reflected within their respective financial results. The Firm’s investments will continue to evolve in line with its strategies, including the Firm’s commitment to support underserved communities and minority-owned businesses.
The table below presents the aggregate carrying values of the principal investment portfolios as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(in billions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Tax-oriented investments, primarily in alternative energy and affordable housing(a)
 $ 27.5  $ 26.2 
Private equity, various debt and equity instruments, and real assets(b)
 11.4  10.8 
Total carrying value $ 38.9  $ 37.0 
(a)As of June 30, 2023, included approximately $1.2 billion in tax-oriented investments in CIB associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(b)Includes the Firm’s 40% ownership in C6 Bank and 49% ownership in Viva Wallet.
Refer to page 130 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s Investment Portfolio Risk Management governance and oversight.
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MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT
Market risk is the risk associated with the effect of changes in market factors such as interest and foreign exchange rates, equity and commodity prices, credit spreads or implied volatilities, on the value of assets and liabilities held for both the short and long term. Refer to Market Risk Management on pages 131-138 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s Market Risk Management organization, market risk measurement, risk monitoring and control, and predominant business activities that give rise to market risk.
Models used to measure market risk are inherently imprecise and are limited in their ability to measure certain risks or to predict losses. This imprecision may be heightened when sudden or severe shifts in market conditions occur. For additional discussion on model uncertainty refer to Estimations and Model Risk Management on page 148 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K.
Market Risk Management periodically reviews the Firm’s existing market risk measures to identify opportunities for enhancement, and to the extent appropriate, will calibrate those measures accordingly over time.
Value-at-risk
JPMorgan Chase utilizes value-at-risk (“VaR”), a statistical risk measure, to estimate the potential loss from adverse market moves in the current market environment. The Firm has a single VaR framework used as a basis for calculating Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR.
The Firm’s Risk Management VaR is calculated assuming a one-day holding period and an expected tail-loss methodology which approximates a 95% confidence level. For risk management purposes, the Firm believes this methodology provides a daily measure of risk that is closely aligned to risk management decisions made by the LOBs and Corporate and, along with other market risk measures, provides the appropriate information needed to respond to risk events. The Firm calculates separately a daily aggregated VaR in accordance with regulatory rules (“Regulatory VaR”), which is used to derive the Firm’s regulatory VaR-based capital requirements under Basel III.
The Firm’s VaR model calculations are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s portfolios, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s modeling techniques and measurements, and other factors. Such changes may affect historical comparisons of VaR results. Refer to Estimations and Model Risk Management on page 148 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for information regarding model reviews and approvals.
Refer to page 133 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information regarding VaR, including the inherent limitations, and the key differences between Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR. Refer to JPMorgan Chase’s Basel III Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for additional information on Regulatory VaR and the other components of market risk regulatory capital for the Firm (e.g., VaR-based measure, stressed VaR-based measure and the respective backtesting). Refer to Other risk measures on pages 136-138 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information regarding nonstatistical market risk measures used by the Firm.

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The table below shows the results of the Firm’s Risk Management VaR measure using a 95% confidence level. VaR can vary significantly as positions change, market volatility fluctuates, and diversification benefits change.
Total VaR
Three months ended
June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023 June 30, 2022
(in millions)  Avg. Min Max  Avg. Min Max  Avg. Min Max
CIB trading VaR by risk type
Fixed income $ 57  $ 50  $ 66  $ 56  $ 45  $ 71  $ 60  $ 48  $ 79 
Foreign exchange 12  7  24  10  6  17  8  4  13 
Equities 8  5  11  7  5  10  11  7  15 
Commodities and other
 12  8  17  15  11  19  14  12  17 
Diversification benefit to CIB trading VaR(a)
 (48)  NM  NM (44) NM NM (43) NM NM
CIB trading VaR 41  31 

50 

44  34  55  50  38  66 
Credit Portfolio VaR(b)
 14  11  18  11  8  17  17  6  31 
(e)
Diversification benefit to CIB VaR(a)
 (11)  NM  NM (10) NM NM (15) NM NM
CIB VaR
 44  34 

55 

45  35  58  52  38  70 
CCB VaR
 9 
(d)
 6  14  11  6  15  5 
(d)
 4  6 
Corporate and other LOB VaR(c)
 13  11 

15 

15  13  17  10  9  11 
Diversification benefit to other VaR(a)
 (7)  NM  NM (8) NM NM (3) NM NM
Other VaR 15  13  19  18  14  22  12  10  14 
Diversification benefit to CIB and other VaR(a)
 (12)  NM  NM (16) NM NM (10) NM NM
Total VaR $ 47  $ 36 

$ 56 

$ 47  $ 37  $ 57  $ 54  $ 41  $ 71 
(a)Diversification benefit represents the difference between the portfolio VaR and the sum of its individual components. This reflects the non-additive nature of VaR due to imperfect correlation across LOBs, Corporate, and risk types. For maximum and minimum VaR, diversification benefit is not meaningful as the maximum and minimum VaR for each portfolio may have occurred on different trading days than the components.
(b)Credit portfolio VaR includes the derivative CVA, hedges of the CVA and hedges of the retained loan portfolio, which are reported in principal transactions revenue. This VaR does not include the retained loan portfolio, which is not reported at fair value. In the first quarter of 2022, in line with the Firm's internal model governance, the credit risk component of CVA related to certain counterparties was removed from Credit Portfolio VaR due to the widening of the credit spreads for those counterparties to elevated levels. The related hedges were also removed to maintain consistency. This exposure is now reflected in other sensitivity-based measures.
(c)Corporate and other LOB VaR includes a legacy private equity position in Corporate which is publicly traded.
(d)The increase in CCB VaR is driven by interest rate volatility impacting Home Lending warehouse loans, MSR, and related hedges.
(e)For the period ended June 30, 2022, maximum Credit Portfolio VaR remained elevated due to the effects of nickel price increases and the associated volatility in the nickel market which occurred during the first quarter of 2022.

Quarter over quarter results
Average total VaR was flat for the three months ended June 30, 2023, when compared with March 31, 2023, reflecting increases in fixed income offset by market volatility relating to commodities rolling out of the one-year historical look-back period.
Year over year results
Average total VaR decreased by $7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared with the same period in the prior year predominantly driven by risk reductions impacting Credit Portfolio VaR as well as fixed income.

The following graph presents daily Risk Management VaR for the five trailing quarters.
Daily Risk Management VaR
4782
Second Quarter
2022		 Third Quarter
2022		 Fourth Quarter
2022		 First Quarter
2023		 Second Quarter
2023
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VaR backtesting
The Firm performs daily VaR model backtesting, which compares the daily Risk Management VaR results with the daily gains and losses that are utilized for VaR backtesting purposes. The gains and losses depicted in the chart below do not reflect the Firm’s reported revenue as they exclude certain components of total net revenue, such as those associated with the execution of new transactions (i.e., intraday client-driven trading and intraday risk management activities), fees, commissions, other valuation adjustments and net interest income. These excluded components of total net revenue may more than offset the backtesting gain or loss on a particular day. The definition of backtesting gains and losses above is consistent with the requirements for backtesting under Basel III capital rules.
A backtesting exception occurs when the daily backtesting loss exceeds the daily Risk Management VaR for the prior day. Under the Firm’s Risk Management VaR methodology, assuming current changes in market values are consistent with the historical changes used in the simulation, the Firm would expect to incur VaR backtesting exceptions five times every 100 trading days on average. The number of VaR backtesting exceptions observed can differ from the statistically expected number of backtesting exceptions if the current level of market volatility is materially different from the level of market volatility during the 12 months of historical data used in the VaR calculation.
For the 12 months ended June 30, 2023, the Firm posted backtesting gains on 134 of the 259 days, and observed 15 VaR backtesting exceptions. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Firm posted backtesting gains on 34 of the 65 days, and observed two VaR backtesting exceptions.
The following chart presents the distribution of Firmwide daily backtesting gains and losses for the trailing 12 months and three months ended June 30, 2023. The daily backtesting losses are displayed as a percentage of the corresponding daily Risk Management VaR. The count of days with backtesting losses are shown in aggregate, in fifty percentage point intervals. Backtesting exceptions are displayed within the intervals that are greater than one hundred percent. The results in the chart below differ from the results of backtesting disclosed in the Market Risk section of the Firm’s Basel III Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are based on Regulatory VaR applied to the Firm’s covered positions.
Distribution of Daily Backtesting Gains and Losses
Capture1.jpg
86

Structural interest rate risk management
The effect of interest rate exposure on the Firm’s reported net income is important as interest rate risk represents one of the Firm’s significant market risks. Interest rate risk arises not only from trading activities but also from the Firm’s traditional banking activities, which include extension of loans and credit facilities, taking deposits, issuing debt and the investment securities portfolio.
One way that the Firm evaluates its structural interest rate risk is through earnings-at-risk. Earnings-at-risk estimates the Firm’s interest rate exposure for a given interest rate scenario. It is presented as a sensitivity to a baseline, which includes net interest income and certain interest rate sensitive fees. The baseline uses market interest rates and in the case of deposits, pricing assumptions. The Firm conducts simulations of changes to this baseline for interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars and other currencies (“non-U.S. dollar” currencies). These simulations primarily include retained loans, deposits, deposits with banks, investment securities, long-term debt and any related interest rate hedges, and funds transfer pricing of other positions in risk management VaR and other sensitivity-based measures as described on page 132 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K.
Earnings-at-risk scenarios estimate the potential change to a net interest income baseline, over the following 12 months utilizing multiple assumptions. These scenarios include a parallel shift involving changes to both short-term and long-term rates by an equal amount; a steeper yield curve involving holding short-term rates constant and increasing long-term rates; and a flatter yield curve involving increasing short-term rates and holding long-term rates constant or holding short-term rates constant and decreasing long-term rates. These scenarios consider many different factors, including:
•The impact on exposures as a result of instantaneous changes in interest rates from baseline rates.
•Forecasted balance sheet, as well as modeled prepayment and reinvestment behavior, but excluding assumptions about actions that could be taken by the Firm or its clients and customers in response to instantaneous rate changes. Mortgage prepayment assumptions are based on the interest rates used in the scenarios compared with underlying contractual rates, the time since origination, and other factors which are updated periodically based on historical experience. Deposit forecasts are a key assumption in the Firm's earnings-at-risk. The baseline reflects certain assumptions relating to the reversal of Quantitative Easing that are highly uncertain and require management judgment. Therefore, the actual amount of deposits held by the Firm, at any particular time, could be impacted by actions the Federal Reserve may take as part of monetary policy, including through the use of the Reverse Repurchase Facility. In addition, there are other factors that impact the amount of deposits held at the Firm such
as the level of loans across the industry and competition for deposits.
•The pricing sensitivity of deposits, known as deposit betas, represent the amount by which deposit rates paid could change upon a given change in market interest rates. As part of the Firm's continuous evaluation and periodic enhancements to its earnings-at-risk calculations, the Firm updated its model in the second quarter of 2023 to incorporate deposit repricing lags impacting both consumer and wholesale deposits. The model change incorporated observed pricing and customer behavior in both rising and falling interest rate environments. Actual deposit rates paid may differ from the modeled assumptions, primarily due to customer behavior and competition for deposits.
The Firm’s earnings-at-risk scenarios are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s balance sheet, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s simulation and other factors. While a relevant measure of the Firm’s interest rate exposure, the earnings-at-risk analysis does not represent a forecast of the Firm’s net interest income. Refer to Outlook on page 8 for additional information.
The Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivities are presented in the table below.
(in billions) June 30, 2023
(a)
 December 31, 2022
Parallel shift:
+100 bps shift in rates $ 2.5  $ (2.0)
-100 bps shift in rates (2.2) 2.4 
Steeper yield curve:
+100 bps shift in long-term rates 0.6  0.8 
-100 bps shift in short-term rates (1.6) 3.2 
Flatter yield curve:
+100 bps shift in short-term rates 1.8  (2.8)
-100 bps shift in long-term rates (0.6) (0.9)
(a)Reflects the impact of the aforementioned model update to incorporate deposit repricing lags. Prior periods have not been revised.
In the absence of the model update to incorporate deposit repricing lags in the second quarter of 2023, the Firm's U.S. dollar sensitivities as of June 30, 2023, would have been lower by $4.2 billion to the +100 basis points shift in short-term and parallel rate scenarios and higher by $4.4 billion to the -100 basis points shift in short-term and parallel rate scenarios.
In addition, the change in the Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivities as of June 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 reflected the impact of changes in the Firm’s balance sheet including the impact of the First Republic acquisition.
As of June 30, 2023, the Firm’s sensitivity to the +/-100 basis points parallel shift in rates is primarily the result of a greater impact from assets repricing compared to the impact of liabilities repricing.
87

The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate products associated with the First Republic acquisition to align with the Firm’s business and operations. The Firm also continues to evaluate to which segments certain products associated with the First Republic acquisition, including deposits, should be allocated. Accordingly, earnings-at-risk results may be impacted in future periods.
The Firm’s non-U.S. dollar sensitivities are presented in the table below.
(in billions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Parallel shift:
+100 bps shift in rates $ 0.8  $ 0.7 
-100 bps shift in rates (0.8) (0.6)
Steeper yield curve:
-100 bps shift in short-term rates (0.7) (0.6)
Flatter yield curve:
+100 bps shift in short-term rates 0.8  0.6 
The results of the non-U.S. dollar interest rate scenario involving a steeper/flatter yield curve with long-term rates increasing/decreasing by 100 basis points and short-term rates staying at current levels were not material to the Firm’s earnings-at-risk at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
In addition to earnings-at-risk, the Firm also measures Economic Value Sensitivity (EVS). EVS stress tests the longer-term economic value of equity by measuring the sensitivity of the Firm’s current balance sheet, primarily retained loans, deposits, debt and investment securities as well as related hedges, under various interest rate scenarios. In accordance with the CTC structural interest rate risk policy, the Firm has established limits on EVS as a percentage of TCE.
Refer to Other Risk Measures on pages 136–138 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
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Other sensitivity-based measures
The Firm quantifies the market risk of certain debt and equity and credit and funding-related exposures by assessing the potential impact on net revenue, other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and noninterest expense due to changes in relevant market variables. Refer to the predominant business activities that give rise to market risk on page 138 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the positions captured in other sensitivity-based measures.
The table below represents the potential impact to net revenue, OCI or noninterest expense for market risk-sensitive instruments that are not included in VaR or earnings-at-risk. Where appropriate, instruments used for hedging purposes are reported net of the positions being hedged. The sensitivities disclosed in the table below may not be representative of the actual gain or loss that would have been realized at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, as the movement in market parameters across maturities may vary and are not intended to imply management’s expectation of future changes in these sensitivities.
Gain/(loss) (in millions)
 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Activity Description Sensitivity measure
Debt and equity(a)
Asset Management activities
Consists of seed capital and related hedges; fund co-investments(c); and certain deferred compensation and related hedges(d)
 10% decline in market value $ (58) $ (56)
Other debt and equity
Consists of certain real estate-related fair value option elected loans, privately held equity and other investments held at fair value(c)
 10% decline in market value (1,016) (1,046)
Credit- and funding-related exposures
Non-USD LTD cross-currency basis
Represents the basis risk on derivatives used to hedge the foreign exchange risk on the non-USD LTD(e)
 1 basis point parallel tightening of cross currency basis (11) (12)
Non-USD LTD hedges foreign currency (“FX”) exposure
Primarily represents the foreign exchange revaluation on the fair value of the derivative hedges(e)
 10% depreciation of currency 4  3 
Derivatives – funding spread risk
Impact of changes in the spread related to derivatives FVA(c)
 1 basis point parallel increase in spread (4) (4)
CVA - counterparty credit risk(b)
Credit risk component of CVA and associated hedges
 10% credit spread widening —  (1)
Fair value option elected liabilities – funding spread risk
Impact of changes in the spread related to fair value option elected liabilities DVA(e)
 1 basis point parallel increase in spread 45  43 
Fair value option elected liabilities – interest rate sensitivity
Interest rate sensitivity on fair value option elected liabilities resulting from a change in the Firm’s own credit spread(e)
 1 basis point parallel increase in spread —  — 
Interest rate sensitivity related to risk management of changes in the Firm’s own credit spread on the fair value option elected liabilities noted above(c)
 1 basis point parallel increase in spread —  — 
(a)Excludes equity securities without readily determinable fair values that are measured under the measurement alternative. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.
(b)In the first quarter of 2022, in line with the Firm's internal model governance, the credit risk component of CVA related to certain counterparties was removed from Credit Portfolio VaR due to the widening of the credit spreads for those counterparties to elevated levels. The related hedges were also removed to maintain consistency. This exposure is now reflected in other sensitivity-based measures.
(c)Impact recognized through net revenue.
(d)Impact recognized through noninterest expense.
(e)Impact recognized through OCI.
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COUNTRY RISK MANAGEMENT
The Firm, through its LOBs and Corporate, may be exposed to country risk resulting from financial, economic, political or other significant developments which adversely affect the value of the Firm’s exposures related to a particular country or set of countries. The Country Risk Management group actively monitors the various portfolios which may be impacted by these developments and measures the extent to which the Firm’s exposures are diversified given the Firm’s strategy and risk tolerance relative to a country.
Refer to pages 139-140 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s country risk management.
Risk Reporting
The following table presents the Firm’s top 20 exposures by country (excluding the U.S.) as of June 30, 2023 and their comparative exposures as of December 31, 2022. The selection of countries represents the Firm’s largest total exposures by individual country, based on the Firm’s internal country risk management approach, and does not represent the Firm’s view of any existing or potentially adverse credit conditions. Country exposures may fluctuate from period to period due to client activity and market flows.
The increases in exposures to Germany and the United Kingdom were primarily driven by increases in cash placed with the central banks of those countries, due to client-driven activities, including as a result of changes in interest rates.
The decrease in exposure to Australia was driven by a reduction in cash placed with the central bank of Australia due to client-driven activities resulting from changes in interest rates.
The Firm continues to monitor potential impacts to the Firm associated with the war in Ukraine. As of June 30, 2023, exposure to Russia was approximately $430 million. This amount excludes certain deposits placed on behalf of clients at the Depository Insurance Agency of Russia.
Top 20 country exposures (excluding the U.S.)(a)

(in billions)		 June 30, 2023
December 31, 2022(f)
Deposits with banks(b)
Lending(c)
Trading and investing(d)
Other(e)
 Total exposure Total exposure
Germany $ 94.0  $ 12.5  $ 5.5  $ 0.3  $ 112.3  $ 93.2 
United Kingdom 44.1  25.6  17.4  1.9  89.0  70.1 
Japan 32.7  2.7  7.7  0.3  43.4  55.8 
Brazil 1.9  4.6  11.2  —  17.7  17.8 
Canada 2.4  10.7  3.0  0.2  16.3  14.4 
Australia 5.0  6.3  3.0  —  14.3  25.7 
Switzerland 7.6  3.3  1.4  1.7  14.0  15.3 
France 0.4  10.7  0.1  1.4  12.6  18.1 
China 3.3  5.0  4.1  —  12.4  13.7 
Belgium 6.7  1.7  1.4  —  9.8  9.2 
Singapore 1.8  3.9  3.6  0.2  9.5  9.9 
India 1.2  3.6  3.9  0.6  9.3  9.0 
South Korea 1.0  3.8  3.5  0.2  8.5  10.0 
Netherlands 0.1  6.4  0.6  0.2  7.3  7.1 
Mexico 1.0  4.3  2.0  —  7.3  5.4 
Saudi Arabia 0.8  4.0  1.8  —  6.6  7.9 
Spain 0.4  5.1  0.9  —  6.4  5.8 
Hong Kong SAR 2.3  1.4  0.8  0.4  4.9  4.5 
Luxembourg 0.8  2.6  1.3  —  4.7  5.3 
Sweden 1.2  3.4  (0.1) —  4.5  4.4 
(a)Country exposures presented in the table reflect 88% of total Firmwide non-U.S. exposure, where exposure is attributed to an individual country based on the Firm’s internal country risk management approach, as of both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(b)Predominantly represents cash placed with central banks.
(c)Includes loans and accrued interest receivable, lending-related commitments (net of eligible collateral and the allowance for credit losses). Excludes intra-day and operating exposures, such as those from settlement and clearing activities.
(d)Includes market-making inventory, investment securities, and counterparty exposure on derivative and securities financings net of eligible collateral and hedging. Includes exposure from single reference entity (“single-name”), index and other multiple reference entity transactions for which one or more of the underlying reference entities is in a country listed in the above table.
(e)Includes physical commodities inventory and clearing house guarantee funds.
(f)The country rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2022, are based on the country rankings of the corresponding exposures at June 30, 2023, not actual rankings of such exposures as of December 31, 2022.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES USED BY THE FIRM
JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies and use of estimates are integral to understanding its reported results. The Firm’s most complex accounting estimates require management’s judgment to ascertain the appropriate carrying value of assets and liabilities. The Firm has established policies and control procedures intended to ensure that estimation methods, including any judgments made as part of such methods, are well-controlled, independently reviewed and applied consistently from period to period. The methods used and judgments made reflect, among other factors, the nature of the assets or liabilities and the related business and risk management strategies, which may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios. In addition, the policies and procedures are intended to ensure that the process for changing methodologies occurs in an appropriate manner. The Firm believes its estimates for determining the carrying value of its assets and liabilities are appropriate. The following is a brief description of the Firm’s critical accounting estimates involving significant judgments.
Allowance for credit losses
The Firm’s allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm’s financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. The allowance for credit losses generally consists of:
•The allowance for loan losses, which covers the Firm’s retained loan portfolios (scored and risk-rated).
•The allowance for lending-related commitments, which is reflected in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, and
•The allowance for credit losses on investment securities, which is reflected in investment securities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
The allowance for credit losses involves significant judgment on a number of matters including development and weighting of macroeconomic forecasts, incorporation of historical loss experience, assessment of risk characteristics, assignment of risk ratings, valuation of collateral, and the determination of remaining expected life. Refer to Note 10 and Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on these judgments as well as the Firm’s policies and methodologies used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses; and refer to Allowance for credit losses on pages 80-82 and Note 13 of this Form 10-Q for further information.
One of the most significant judgments involved in estimating the Firm’s allowance for credit losses relates to the macroeconomic forecasts used to estimate credit losses over the eight-quarter forecast period within the Firm’s methodology. The eight-quarter forecast incorporates hundreds of macroeconomic variables ("MEVs") that are relevant for exposures across the Firm, with modeled credit losses being driven primarily by a subset of less than twenty
variables. The specific variables that have the greatest effect on the modeled losses of each portfolio vary by portfolio and geography.
•Key MEVs for the consumer portfolio include regional U.S. unemployment and HPI.
•Key MEVs for the wholesale portfolio include U.S. unemployment, U.S. real GDP, U.S. equity prices, U.S. interest rates, corporate credit spreads, oil prices, commercial real estate prices and HPI.
Changes in the Firm’s assumptions and forecasts of economic conditions could significantly affect its estimate of expected credit losses in the portfolio at the balance sheet date or lead to significant changes in the estimate from one reporting period to the next.
As a result of the First Republic acquisition, the Firm recorded an allowance for credit losses for the loans acquired and lending-related commitments assumed as of May 1, 2023. Given the differences in risk rating methodologies for the First Republic Portfolio, and the ongoing integration of products and systems, the allowance for credit losses for the acquired wholesale portfolio was measured based on other facilities underwritten by the Firm with similar risk characteristics and not based on modeled estimates. As such, the First Republic wholesale portfolio is excluded from the modeled estimates sensitivity analysis below. The allowance for credit losses for predominantly all of the consumer portfolio was measured using the Firm’s modeled approach, as the consumer portfolio is predominantly residential real estate that has more commonly defined risk characteristics including loan to value ratio and credit score, and therefore is reflected in the sensitivity analysis below. Refer to Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
It is difficult to estimate how potential changes in any one factor or input might affect the overall allowance for credit losses because management considers a wide variety of factors and inputs in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Changes in the factors and inputs considered may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all geographies or product types, and changes in factors and inputs may be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor or input may offset deterioration in others.
To consider the impact of a hypothetical alternate macroeconomic forecast, the Firm compared the modeled credit losses determined using its central and relative adverse macroeconomic scenarios, which are two of the five scenarios considered in estimating the allowances for loan losses and lending-related commitments. The central and relative adverse scenarios each included a full suite of MEVs, but differed in the levels, paths and peaks/troughs of those variables over the eight-quarter forecast period.
For example, compared to the Firm’s central scenario shown on page 80 and in Note 13, the Firm’s relative adverse scen ario assumes an elevated U.S. unemployment rate, averaging approximately 1.6% higher
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over the eight-quarter forecast, with a peak difference of
2.2% in the first quarter of 2024; lower
U.S. real GDP with a slower recovery, remaining approximately 3.1% lower at the end of the eight-quarter forecast, with a peak difference of approximately 3.4% in the third quarter of 2024; and lower national HPI with a peak difference of approximately 10.5% in the first quarter of 2025.
This analysis is not intended to estimate expected future changes in the allowance for credit losses, for a number of reasons, including:
•The allowance as of June 30, 2023, reflects credit losses beyond those estimated under the central scenario due to the weight placed on the adverse scenarios.
•The impacts of changes in many MEVs are both interrelated and nonlinear, so the results of this analysis cannot be simply extrapolated for more severe changes in macroeconomic variables.
•Expectations of future changes in portfolio composition and borrower behavior can significantly affect the allowance for credit losses.
To demonstrate the sensitivity of credit loss estimates to macroeconomic forecasts as of June 30, 2023, the Firm compared the modeled estimates under its relative adverse scenario to its central scenario. Without considering offsetting or correlated effects in other qualitative components of the Firm’s allowance for credit losses, the comparison between these two scenarios for the exposures below reflect the following differences:
•An increase of approximately $750 million for residential real estate loans and lending-related commitments, including the First Republic portfolios
•An increase of approximately $2.4 billion for credit card loans
▪An increase of approximately $3.8 billion for wholesale loans and lending-related commitments, excluding the First Republic portfolios.
This analysis relates only to the modeled credit loss estimates and is not intended to estimate changes in the overall allowance for credit losses as it does not reflect any potential changes in other adjustments to the quantitative calculation, which would also be influenced by the judgment management applies to the modeled lifetime loss estimates to reflect the uncertainty and imprecision of these modeled lifetime loss estimates based on then-current circumstances and conditions.
Recognizing that forecasts of macroeconomic conditions are inherently uncertain, particularly in light of the recent economic conditions, the Firm believes that its process to consider the available information and associated risks and uncertainties is appropriately governed and that its estimates of expected credit losses were reasonable and appropriate for the period ended June 30, 2023.
Fair value
JPMorgan Chase carries a portion of its assets and liabilities at fair value. The majority of such assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including derivatives, structured note products and certain securities financing agreements. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including certain mortgage, home equity and other loans, where the carrying value is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.
Assets measured at fair value
The following table includes the Firm’s assets measured at fair value and the portion of such assets that are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note 2 for further information.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
 Total assets at fair value Total level 3 assets
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements $ 322,579  $ — 
Securities borrowed 55,905  — 
Trading assets:
Trading–debt and equity instruments 572,739  3,313 
Derivative receivables(a)
 64,217  10,749 
Total trading assets 636,956  14,062 
AFS securities 203,262  267 
Loans 38,789  3,808 
MSRs 8,229  8,229 
Other 13,250  417 
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 1,278,970  26,783 
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
 1,936  1,126 
Total assets measured at fair value
$ 1,280,906  $ 27,909 
Total Firm assets $ 3,868,240 
Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets(a)
 0.7  %
Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value(a)
 2.2  %
(a)For purposes of the table above, the derivative receivables total reflects the impact of netting adjustments; however, the $10.7 billion of derivative receivables classified as level 3 does not reflect the netting adjustment as such netting is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.

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Valuation
Estimating fair value requires the application of judgment. The type and level of judgment required is largely dependent on the amount of observable market information available to the Firm. For instruments valued using internally developed valuation models and other valuation techniques that use significant unobservable inputs and are therefore classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, judgments used to estimate fair value are more significant than those required when estimating the fair value of instruments classified within levels 1 and 2.
In arriving at an estimate of fair value for an instrument within level 3, management must first determine the appropriate valuation model or other valuation technique to use. Second, the lack of observability of certain significant inputs requires management to assess relevant empirical data in deriving valuation inputs including, for example, transaction details, yield curves, interest rates, prepayment speeds, default rates, volatilities, correlations, prices (such as commodity, equity or debt prices), valuations of comparable instruments, foreign exchange rates and credit curves. Refer to Note 2 for a further discussion of the valuation of level 3 instruments, including unobservable inputs used.
For instruments classified in levels 2 and 3, management judgment must be applied to assess the appropriate level of valuation adjustments to reflect counterparty credit quality, the Firm’s creditworthiness, market funding rates, liquidity considerations, unobservable parameters, and for portfolios that meet specified criteria, the size of the net open risk position. The judgments made are typically affected by the type of product and its specific contractual terms, and the level of liquidity for the product or within the market as a whole. In periods of heightened market volatility and uncertainty judgments are further affected by the wider variation of reasonable valuation estimates, particularly for positions that are less liquid. Refer to Note 2 for a further discussion of valuation adjustments applied by the Firm.
Imprecision in estimating unobservable market inputs or other factors can affect the amount of gain or loss recorded for a particular position. Furthermore, while the Firm believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those of other market participants, the methods and assumptions used reflect management judgment and may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios.
The Firm uses various methodologies and assumptions in the determination of fair value. The use of methodologies or assumptions different than those used by the Firm could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Refer to Note 2 for a detailed discussion of the Firm’s valuation process and hierarchy, and its determination of fair value for individual financial instruments.
Credit card rewards liability
The credit card rewards liability was $12.2 billion and $11.3 billion at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. The increase in the liability was predominantly driven by continued growth in rewards points earned on higher spend and promotional offers outpacing redemptions throughout 2023, and, to a lesser extent, adjustments to certain reward program terms in the second quarter. Refer to pages 151-152 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the significant assumptions and sensitivities, associated with the Firm’s credit card rewards liability.
Income taxes
Refer to Income taxes on page 152 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the significant assumptions, judgments and interpretations associated with the accounting for income taxes.
Goodwill impairment
Management applies significant judgment when testing goodwill for impairment. Refer to Goodwill impairment on page 151 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the significant valuation judgments associated with goodwill impairment.
Refer to Note 15 for additional information on goodwill, including the goodwill impairment assessment as of June 30, 2023.
Litigation reserves
Refer to Note 26 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 30 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the significant estimates and judgments associated with establishing litigation reserves.
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ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENTS
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Standards Adopted since January 1, 2021
Standard
Summary of guidance
Effects on financial statements
Reference Rate
Reform

Issued March
2020 and updated January 2021 and
December 2022
•Provides optional expedients and exceptions to current accounting guidance when financial instruments, hedge accounting relationships, and other transactions are amended due to reference rate reform.
•Issued and effective March 12, 2020. The January 7, 2021 and December 21, 2022 updates were effective when issued.
•Refer to Accounting and Reporting Developments on page 153 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
FASB Standards Adopted since January 1, 2023
Standard
Summary of guidance
Effects on financial statements
Derivatives and Hedging: Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method

Issued March 2022
•Expands the current ability to hedge a portfolio of prepayable assets to allow more of the portfolio to be hedged. Non-prepayable assets can also be included in the same portfolio, thus increasing the size of the portfolio and the amount available to be hedged.
•Clarifies the types of derivatives that can be used as hedges, and the balance sheet presentation and disclosure requirements for the hedge accounting adjustments.
•Allows a one-time reclassification from HTM to AFS upon adoption.
•Adopted prospectively on January 1, 2023.
•Refer to Note 1 for further information.
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures

Issued March 2022
•Eliminates existing accounting and disclosure requirements for Troubled Debt Restructurings, including the requirement to measure the allowance using a discounted cash flow methodology.
•Requires disclosure of loan modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty involving principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extension or a combination of these modifications.
•Requires disclosure of current period loan charge-off information by origination year.
•May be adopted prospectively, or by using a modified retrospective method wherein the effect of adoption is reflected as an adjustment to retained earnings at the effective date.
•Adopted under the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2023.
•Refer to Note 1 for further information.
FASB Standards Issued but not yet Adopted
Standard
Summary of guidance
Effects on financial statements
Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method

Issued March 2023
•Expands the ability to elect proportional amortization for more types of tax-oriented investments (beyond low income housing tax credit investments) on a program-by-program basis.
•May be adopted using a full retrospective method, or a modified retrospective method wherein the effect of adoption is reflected as an adjustment to retained earnings at the effective date.
•Required effective date: January 1, 2024. (a)
•The Firm is currently evaluating the potential impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(a) Early adoption is permitted.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
From time to time, the Firm has made and will make forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipate,” “target,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “believe,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements provide JPMorgan Chase’s current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. JPMorgan Chase’s disclosures in this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Firm also may make forward-looking statements in its other documents filed or furnished with the SEC. In addition, the Firm’s senior management may make forward-looking statements orally to investors, analysts, representatives of the media and others.
All forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Firm’s control. JPMorgan Chase’s actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in its forward-looking statements. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ from those in the forward-looking statements:
•Local, regional and global business, economic and political conditions and geopolitical events, including the war in Ukraine;
•Changes in laws, rules and regulatory requirements, including capital and liquidity requirements affecting the Firm’s businesses, and the ability of the Firm to address those requirements;
•Heightened regulatory and governmental oversight and scrutiny of JPMorgan Chase’s business practices, including dealings with retail customers;
•Changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws;
•Changes in the level of inflation;
•Changes in income tax laws, rules and regulations;
•Changes in FDIC assessments;
•Securities and capital markets behavior, including changes in market liquidity and volatility;
•Changes in investor sentiment or consumer spending or savings behavior;
•Ability of the Firm to manage effectively its capital and liquidity;
•Changes in credit ratings assigned to the Firm or its subsidiaries;
•Damage to the Firm’s reputation;
•Ability of the Firm to appropriately address social, environmental and sustainability concerns that may arise, including from its business activities;
•Ability of the Firm to deal effectively with an economic slowdown or other economic or market disruption, including, but not limited to, in the interest rate environment;
•Technology changes instituted by the Firm, its counterparties or competitors;
•The effectiveness of the Firm’s control agenda;
•Ability of the Firm to develop or discontinue products and services, and the extent to which products or services previously sold by the Firm require the Firm to incur liabilities or absorb losses not contemplated at their initiation or origination;
•Acceptance of the Firm’s new and existing products and services by the marketplace and the ability of the Firm to innovate and to increase market share;
•Ability of the Firm to attract and retain qualified and diverse employees;
•Ability of the Firm to control expenses;
•Competitive pressures;
•Changes in the credit quality of the Firm’s clients, customers and counterparties;
•Adequacy of the Firm’s risk management framework, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting;
•Adverse judicial or regulatory proceedings;
•Ability of the Firm to determine accurate values of certain assets and liabilities;
•Occurrence of natural or man-made disasters or calamities, including health emergencies, the spread of infectious diseases, epidemics or pandemics, an outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other geopolitical instabilities, the effects of climate change or extraordinary events beyond the Firm's control, and the Firm’s ability to deal effectively with disruptions caused by the foregoing;
•Ability of the Firm to maintain the security of its financial, accounting, technology, data processing and other operational systems and facilities;
•Ability of the Firm to withstand disruptions that may be caused by any failure of its operational systems or those of third parties;
•Ability of the Firm to effectively defend itself against cyberattacks and other attempts by unauthorized parties to access information of the Firm or its customers or to disrupt the Firm’s systems; and
•The other risks and uncertainties detailed in Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors in JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K.
Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Firm speak only as of the date they are made, and JPMorgan Chase does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements. The reader should, however, consult any further disclosures of a forward-looking nature the Firm may make in any subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K.
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JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of income (unaudited)
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenue
Investment banking fees $ 1,513  $ 1,586  $ 3,162  $ 3,594 
Principal transactions 6,910  4,990  14,525  10,095 
Lending- and deposit-related fees 1,828  1,873  3,448  3,712 
Asset management fees 3,774  3,517  7,239  7,169 
Commissions and other fees 1,739  1,723  3,434  3,433 
Investment securities losses (900) (153) (1,768) (547)
Mortgage fees and related income 278  378  499  838 
Card income 1,094  1,133  2,328  2,108 
Other income 3,292  540  4,299  2,030 
Noninterest revenue 19,528  15,587  37,166  32,432 
Interest income 41,644  18,646  78,648  34,142 
Interest expense 19,865  3,518  36,158  5,142 
Net interest income 21,779  15,128  42,490  29,000 
Total net revenue 41,307  30,715  79,656  61,432 
Provision for credit losses 2,899  1,101  5,174  2,564 
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense 11,216  10,301  22,892  21,088 
Occupancy expense 1,070  1,129  2,185  2,263 
Technology, communications and equipment expense 2,267  2,376  4,451  4,736 
Professional and outside services 2,561  2,469  5,009  5,041 
Marketing 1,122  881  2,167  1,801 
Other expense 2,586  1,593  4,225  3,011 
Total noninterest expense 20,822  18,749  40,929  37,940 
Income before income tax expense 17,586  10,865  33,553  20,928 
Income tax expense 3,114  2,216  6,459  3,997 
Net income $ 14,472  $ 8,649  $ 27,094  $ 16,931 
Net income applicable to common stockholders $ 14,011  $ 8,195  $ 26,204  $ 16,039 
Net income per common share data
Basic earnings per share $ 4.76  $ 2.77  $ 8.86  $ 5.40 
Diluted earnings per share 4.75  2.76  8.85  5.39 
Weighted-average basic shares 2,943.8  2,962.2  2,956.1  2,969.6 
Weighted-average diluted shares 2,948.3  2,966.3  2,960.5  2,973.7 
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
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JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited)
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income $ 14,472  $ 8,649  $ 27,094  $ 16,931 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities 757  (4,031) 2,969  (11,484)
Translation adjustments, net of hedges 70  (679) 267  (741)
Fair value hedges 11  51  (10) 161 
Cash flow hedges (497) (1,348) 301  (4,139)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans (6) 20  (61) 87 
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities (207) 1,185  (415) 1,831 
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax 128  (4,802) 3,051  (14,285)
Comprehensive income $ 14,600  $ 3,847  $ 30,145  $ 2,646 
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

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JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited)
(in millions, except share data) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 26,064  $ 27,697 
Deposits with banks 469,059  539,537 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (included $322,579 and $311,883 at fair value)
 325,628  315,592 
Securities borrowed (included $55,905 and $70,041 at fair value)
 163,563  185,369 
Trading assets (included assets pledged of $142,625 and $93,687)
 636,996  453,799 
Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $209,876 and $216,188; included assets pledged of $12,864 and $9,158)
 203,262  205,857 
Held-to-maturity securities 408,941  425,305 
Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses 612,203  631,162 
Loans (included $38,789 and $42,079 at fair value)
 1,300,069  1,135,647 
Allowance for loan losses (21,980) (19,726)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses 1,278,089  1,115,921 
Accrued interest and accounts receivable 111,561  125,189 
Premises and equipment 29,493  27,734 
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible assets 64,238  60,859 
Other assets (included $14,166 and $14,921 at fair value and assets pledged of $5,844 and $7,998)
 151,346  182,884 
Total assets(a)
 $ 3,868,240  $ 3,665,743 
Liabilities
Deposits (included $51,568 and $28,620 at fair value)
 $ 2,398,962  $ 2,340,179 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements (included $216,604 and $151,999 at fair value)
 266,272  202,613 
Short-term borrowings (included $17,942 and $15,792 at fair value)
 41,022  44,027 
Trading liabilities 178,809  177,976 
Accounts payable and other liabilities (included $5,101 and $7,038 at fair value)
 286,934  300,141 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs (included $1 and $5 at fair value)
 19,647  12,610 
Long-term debt (included $78,609 and $72,281 at fair value)
 364,078  295,865 
Total liabilities(a)
 3,555,724  3,373,411 
Commitments and contingencies (refer to Notes 22, 23 and 24)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock ($1 par value; authorized 200,000,000 shares; issued 2,740,375 shares)
27,404  27,404 
Common stock ($1 par value; authorized 9,000,000,000 shares; issued 4,104,933,895 shares)
 4,105  4,105 
Additional paid-in capital 89,578  89,044 
Retained earnings 317,359  296,456 
Accumulated other comprehensive losses (14,290) (17,341)
Treasury stock, at cost (1,198,848,622 and 1,170,676,094 shares)
 (111,640) (107,336)
Total stockholders’ equity 312,516  292,332 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 3,868,240  $ 3,665,743 
(a) The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The assets of the consolidated VIEs are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The holders of the beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. The assets and liabilities in the table below include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation. Refer to Note 14 for a further discussion.
(in millions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Assets
Trading assets $ 2,368  $ 2,151 
Loans 39,125  34,411 
All other assets 532  550 
Total assets $ 42,025  $ 37,112 
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs $ 19,647  $ 12,610 
All other liabilities 247  279 
Total liabilities $ 19,894  $ 12,889 
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
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JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited)
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Preferred stock
Balance at the beginning of the period $ 27,404  $ 32,838  $ 27,404  $ 34,838 
Issuance —  —  —  — 
Redemption —  —  —  (2,000)
Balance at June 30 27,404  32,838  27,404  32,838 
Common stock
Balance at the beginning and end of the period 4,105  4,105  4,105  4,105 
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at the beginning of the period 89,155  88,260  89,044  88,415 
Shares issued and commitments to issue common stock for employee share-based compensation awards, and related tax effects 423  354  534  199 
Balance at June 30 89,578  88,614  89,578  88,614 
Retained earnings
Balance at the beginning of the period 306,208  277,177  296,456  272,268 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles —  —  449  — 
Net income 14,472  8,649  27,094  16,931 
Dividends declared:
Preferred stock (373) (410) (729) (807)
Common stock ($1.00 and $1.00 per share and $2.00 and $2.00 per share, respectively)
 (2,948) (2,971) (5,911) (5,947)
Balance at June 30 317,359  282,445  317,359  282,445 
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at the beginning of the period (14,418) (9,567) (17,341) (84)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after-tax 128  (4,802) 3,051  (14,285)
Balance at June 30 (14,290) (14,369) (14,290) (14,369)
Treasury stock, at cost
Balance at the beginning of the period (109,372) (106,914) (107,336) (105,415)
Repurchase (2,316) (622) (5,271) (3,122)
Reissuance 48  46  967  1,047 
Balance at June 30 (111,640) (107,490) (111,640) (107,490)
Total stockholders’ equity $ 312,516  $ 286,143  $ 312,516  $ 286,143 
Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted the Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Derivatives and Hedging: Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method accounting guidance. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
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JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited)
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022
Operating activities
Net income $ 27,094  $ 16,931 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Provision for credit losses 5,174  2,564 
Depreciation and amortization 2,156  3,609 
Deferred tax (benefit)/expense (2,238) (2,086)
Bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition (2,712) — 
Other 3,008  2,172 
Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale (48,270) (102,857)
Proceeds from sales, securitizations and paydowns of loans held-for-sale 47,746  116,764 
Net change in:
Trading assets (178,766) (53,816)
Securities borrowed 21,835  3,379 
Accrued interest and accounts receivable 16,107  (43,051)
Other assets 44,599  (14,930)
Trading liabilities (4,846) 23,646 
Accounts payable and other liabilities (24,563) 70,976 
Other operating adjustments 1,300  800 
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities (92,376) 24,101 
Investing activities
Net change in:
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (9,816) (60,833)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities 13,762  20,952 
Purchases (4,141) (27,490)
Available-for-sale securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities 23,470  21,913 
Proceeds from sales 69,875  36,217 
Purchases (52,433) (66,200)
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans held-for-investment 19,526  22,185 
Other changes in loans, net (33,353) (67,802)
Net cash used in the First Republic acquisition (9,920) — 
All other investing activities, net (11,419) (4,753)
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities 5,551  (125,811)
Financing activities
Net change in:
Deposits (27,782) 5,841 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements 63,590  28,586 
Short-term borrowings (3,135) 5,622 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs 7,708  552 
Proceeds from long-term borrowings 19,357  45,873 
Payments of long-term borrowings (32,003) (25,991)
Redemption of preferred stock —  (2,000)
Treasury stock repurchased (5,167) (3,162)
Dividends paid (6,651) (6,774)
All other financing activities, net (1,275) 423 
Net cash provided by financing activities 14,642  48,970 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks and deposits with banks 72  (18,834)
Net decrease in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks (72,111) (71,574)
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the beginning of the period 567,234  740,834 
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the end of the period $ 495,123  $ 669,260 
Cash interest paid $ 35,250  $ 4,457 
Cash income taxes paid, net 5,466  3,100 
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
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Refer to the Glossary of Terms and Acronyms on pages 200–205 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Note 1 – Basis of presentation
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading financial services firm based in the U.S., with operations worldwide. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the “First Republic acquisition”) from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate clients, products and services, associated with the First Republic acquisition, to align with the Firm’s businesses and operations. The Firm also continues to evaluate to which segments certain clients, products and services associated with the First Republic acquisition, including deposits, should be allocated. Accordingly, reporting classifications and allocations may change in future periods including across the Firm's segments. Refer to Note 27 for a further discussion of the Firm’s business segments and Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
The accounting and financial reporting policies of JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by regulatory authorities.
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense, and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all normal, recurring adjustments have been included such that this interim financial information is fairly stated.
These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, and related notes thereto, included in JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K.
Certain amounts reported in prior periods have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of JPMorgan Chase and other entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Assets held for clients in an agency or fiduciary capacity by the Firm are not assets of JPMorgan Chase and are not included on the Consolidated balance sheets.
The Firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity.
Refer to Notes 1 and 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation.
Offsetting assets and liabilities
U.S. GAAP permits entities to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the Consolidated balance sheets when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. U.S. GAAP also permits securities financing balances to be presented on a net basis when specified conditions are met, including the existence of a legally enforceable master netting agreement. The Firm has elected to net such balances where it has determined that the specified conditions are met. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on offsetting assets and liabilities.
Accounting standards adopted January 1, 2023
Derivatives and Hedging: Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method
The adoption of this guidance expanded the ability to hedge a portfolio of prepayable assets to allow more of the portfolio to be hedged. Non-prepayable assets can also be included in the same portfolio, thus increasing the size of the portfolio and the amount available to be hedged. This guidance also clarified the types of derivatives that can be used as hedges, and the balance sheet presentation and disclosure requirements for the hedge accounting adjustments. As permitted by the guidance, the Firm elected to transfer HTM securities to AFS and designate those securities in a portfolio layer method hedge upon adoption. The adoption impact of the transfer on retained earnings was not material.
Refer to Note 5 and Note 10 for additional information.
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures
The adoption of this guidance eliminated the accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs, including the requirement to measure the allowance using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology, and allowed the option of a non-DCF portfolio-based approach for modified loans to troubled borrowers. If a DCF methodology is still applied for these modified loans, the discount rate must be the post-modification effective interest rate, instead of the pre-modification effective interest rate.
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The Firm elected to apply its non-DCF, portfolio-based allowance approach for modified loans to troubled borrowers for all portfolios except modified nonaccrual risk-rated loans which the Firm elected to continue applying a DCF methodology. Refer to Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the portfolio-based allowance approach and the asset-specific allowance approach.
This guidance was adopted under the modified retrospective method which resulted in a net decrease to the allowance for credit losses of $587 million and an increase to retained earnings of $446 million, after-tax, predominantly driven by residential real estate and credit card.
The adoption of this guidance eliminated the disclosure requirements for TDRs including the requirement to assess whether a modification is reasonably expected or involves a concession. The new guidance requires disclosure for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty consisting of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extension or a combination of these modifications. The Firm has defined these types of modifications as financial difficulty modifications ("FDMs"). As a result of the elimination of the requirement to assess whether a modification is reasonably expected or involves a concession, the population of loans considered FDMs will differ from those previously considered TDRs. This guidance also requires disclosure of current period gross charge-offs by vintage origination year.
Refer to Note 12 for further information.
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Note 2 – Fair value measurement
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s valuation methodologies for assets, liabilities and lending-related commitments measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy.

103

The following table presents the assets and liabilities reported at fair value as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Fair value hierarchy
Derivative
netting
adjustments(f)
June 30, 2023 (in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements $ —  $ 322,579  $ —  $ —  $ 322,579 
Securities borrowed —  55,905  —  —  55,905 
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
 —  88,769  706  —  89,475 
Residential – nonagency —  2,684  5  —  2,689 
Commercial – nonagency —  1,517  6  —  1,523 
Total mortgage-backed securities —  92,970  717  —  93,687 
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies(a)
 129,042  9,204  —  —  138,246 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities —  6,782  6  —  6,788 
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
 —  2,834  —  —  2,834 
Non-U.S. government debt securities 41,423  63,986  199  —  105,608 
Corporate debt securities —  33,106  522  —  33,628 
Loans —  6,984  1,105  —  8,089 
Asset-backed securities —  2,497  14  —  2,511 
Total debt instruments 170,465  218,363  2,563  —  391,391 
Equity securities 148,222  1,337  631  —  150,190 
Physical commodities(b)
 2,442  11,265  6  —  13,713 
Other —  17,332  113  —  17,445 
Total debt and equity instruments(c)
 321,129  248,297  3,313  —  572,739 
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate 1,988  282,125  4,199  (260,603) 27,709 
Credit —  12,535  1,150  (12,440) 1,245 
Foreign exchange 204  226,130  1,345  (205,485) 22,194 
Equity —  57,619  3,773  (54,068) 7,324 
Commodity —  17,358  282  (11,895) 5,745 
Total derivative receivables 2,192  595,767  10,749  (544,491) 64,217 
Total trading assets(d)
 323,321  844,064  14,062  (544,491) 636,956 
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
 1  79,767  —  —  79,768 
Residential – nonagency —  3,544  —  —  3,544 
Commercial – nonagency —  2,056  —  —  2,056 
Total mortgage-backed securities 1  85,367  —  —  85,368 
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 62,688  49  —  —  62,737 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities —  24,023  —  —  24,023 
Non-U.S. government debt securities 13,397  8,643  —  —  22,040 
Corporate debt securities —  121  267  —  388 
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations —  5,437  —  —  5,437 
Other(a)
 —  3,269  —  —  3,269 
Total available-for-sale securities 76,086  126,909  267  —  203,262 
Loans(e)
 —  34,981  3,808  —  38,789 
Mortgage servicing rights —  —  8,229  —  8,229 
Other assets(d)
 6,146  6,687  417  —  13,250 
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 405,553  $ 1,391,125  $ 26,783  $ (544,491) $ 1,278,970 
Deposits $ —  $ 49,515  $ 2,053  $ —  $ 51,568 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
 —  216,604  —  —  216,604 
Short-term borrowings —  16,238  1,704  —  17,942 
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments(c)
 101,437  30,764  63  —  132,264 
Derivative payables:
Interest rate 1,610  270,411  5,321  (262,185) 15,157 
Credit —  13,306  461  (13,201) 566 
Foreign exchange 185  222,444  956  (209,408) 14,177 
Equity —  62,016  5,654  (57,865) 9,805 
Commodity —  18,650  635  (12,445) 6,840 
Total derivative payables 1,795  586,827  13,027  (555,104) 46,545 
Total trading liabilities 103,232  617,591  13,090  (555,104) 178,809 
Accounts payable and other liabilities 3,486  1,547  68  —  5,101 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs —  1  —  —  1 
Long-term debt —  53,184  25,425  —  78,609 
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 106,718  $ 954,680  $ 42,340  $ (555,104) $ 548,634 
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Fair value hierarchy
Derivative
netting
adjustments(f)
December 31, 2022 (in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements $ —  $ 311,883  $ —  $ —  $ 311,883 
Securities borrowed —  70,041  —  —  70,041 
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
 —  68,162  759  —  68,921 
Residential – nonagency —  2,498  5  —  2,503 
Commercial – nonagency —  1,448  7  —  1,455 
Total mortgage-backed securities —  72,108  771  —  72,879 
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies(a)
 61,191  8,546  —  —  69,737 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities —  6,608  7  —  6,615 
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
 —  2,009  —  —  2,009 
Non-U.S. government debt securities 18,213  48,429  155  —  66,797 
Corporate debt securities —  25,626  463  —  26,089 
Loans —  5,744  759  —  6,503 
Asset-backed securities —  2,536  23  —  2,559 
Total debt instruments 79,404  171,606  2,178  —  253,188 
Equity securities 82,483  2,060  665  —  85,208 
Physical commodities(b)
 9,595  16,673  2  —  26,270 
Other —  18,146  64  —  18,210 
Total debt and equity instruments(c)
 171,482  208,485  2,909  —  382,876 
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate 3,390  292,956 

4,069  (271,996) 28,419 
Credit —  9,722  607  (9,239) 1,090 
Foreign exchange 169  240,207 

1,203  (218,214) 23,365 
Equity —  57,485  4,428  (52,774) 9,139 
Commodity —  24,982  375  (16,490) 8,867 
Total derivative receivables 3,559  625,352 

10,682  (568,713) 70,880 
Total trading assets(d)
 175,041  833,837 

13,591  (568,713) 453,756 
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
 3  71,500  —  —  71,503 
Residential – nonagency —  4,620  —  —  4,620 
Commercial – nonagency —  1,958  —  —  1,958 
Total mortgage-backed securities 3  78,078  —  —  78,081 
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 92,060  —  —  —  92,060 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities —  6,786  —  —  6,786 
Non-U.S. government debt securities 10,591  9,105  —  —  19,696 
Corporate debt securities —  118  239  —  357 
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations —  5,792  —  —  5,792 
Other —  3,085  —  —  3,085 
Total available-for-sale securities 102,654  102,964  239  —  205,857 
Loans(e)
 —  40,661  1,418  —  42,079 
Mortgage servicing rights —  —  7,973  —  7,973 
Other assets(d)
 7,544  6,065  405  —  14,014 
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 285,239  $ 1,365,451 

$ 23,626 

$ (568,713) $ 1,105,603 
Deposits $ —  $ 26,458  $ 2,162  $ —  $ 28,620 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
 —  151,999  —  —  151,999 
Short-term borrowings —  14,391  1,401  —  15,792 
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments(c)
 98,719  28,032  84  —  126,835 
Derivative payables:
Interest rate 2,643  284,280 

3,368  (274,321) 15,970 
Credit —  9,377 

594  (9,217) 754 
Foreign exchange 160  250,647 

714  (232,665) 18,856 
Equity —  57,649 

4,812  (53,657) 8,804 
Commodity —  22,748 

521  (16,512) 6,757 
Total derivative payables 2,803  624,701 

10,009  (586,372) 51,141 
Total trading liabilities 101,522  652,733 

10,093  (586,372) 177,976 
Accounts payable and other liabilities 5,702  1,283 

53  —  7,038 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs —  5 

—  —  5 
Long-term debt —  48,189 

24,092  —  72,281 
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 107,224  $ 895,058 

$ 37,801  $ (586,372) $ 453,711 
(a)At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, included total U.S. GSE obligations of $93.5 billion and $73.8 billion, respectively, which were mortgage-related.
(b)Physical commodities inventories are generally accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value. “Net realizable value” is a term defined in U.S. GAAP as not exceeding fair value less costs to sell (“transaction costs”). Transaction costs for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories are either not applicable or immaterial to the value of the inventory. Therefore, net realizable value approximates fair value for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories. When fair value hedging has been applied (or when net realizable value is below cost), the carrying value of physical commodities approximates fair value, because under fair value hedge accounting, the cost basis is adjusted for changes in fair value. Refer to Note 5 for a further discussion of the Firm’s hedge accounting relationships. To provide consistent fair value disclosure information, all physical commodities inventories have been included in each period presented.
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(c)Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of identical securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions).
(d)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the fair values of these investments, which include certain hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate and other funds, were $956 million and $950 million, respectively. Included in these balances at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were trading assets of $40 million and $43 million, respectively, and other assets of $916 million and $907 million, respectively.
(e)At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, included $9.3 billion and $9.7 billion, respectively, of residential first-lien mortgages, and $6.8 billion of commercial first-lien mortgages for both periods. Residential mortgage loans include conforming mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell to U.S. GSEs and government agencies of $3.3 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively.
(f)As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.
Level 3 valuations
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on the Firm’s valuation process and a detailed discussion of the determination of fair value for individual financial instruments.
The following table presents the Firm’s primary level 3 financial instruments, the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of those financial instruments, the significant unobservable inputs, the range of values for those inputs and the weighted or arithmetic averages of such inputs. While the determination to classify an instrument within level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement, level 3 financial instruments typically include observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources) in addition to the unobservable components. The level 1 and/or level 2 inputs are not included in the table. In addition, the Firm manages the risk of the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within levels 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The range of values presented in the table is representative of the highest and lowest level input used to value the significant groups of instruments within a product/instrument classification. Where provided, the weighted averages of the input values presented in the table are calculated based on the fair value of the instruments that the input is being used to value.
In the Firm’s view, the input range, weighted and arithmetic average values do not reflect the degree of input uncertainty or an assessment of the reasonableness of the Firm’s estimates and assumptions. Rather, they reflect the characteristics of the various instruments held by the Firm and the relative distribution of instruments within the range of characteristics. For example, two option contracts may have similar levels of market risk exposure and valuation uncertainty, but may have significantly different implied volatility levels because the option contracts have different underlyings, tenors, or strike prices. The input range and weighted average values will therefore vary from period-to-period and parameter-to-parameter based on the characteristics of the instruments held by the Firm at each balance sheet date.
















106

Level 3 inputs(a)
June 30, 2023
Product/Instrument
Fair value
(in millions)
 Principal valuation technique
Unobservable inputs(g)
 Range of input values
Average(i)
Residential mortgage-backed securities and loans(b)
 $ 1,641  Discounted cash flows Yield 6% 40% 7%
Prepayment speed 3% 11% 8%
Conditional default rate 0% 5% 0%
Loss severity 0% 110% 3%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and loans(c)
 2,318  Market comparables Price $0 $101 $84
Corporate debt securities 789  Market comparables Price $0 $242 $95
Loans(d)
 1,671  Market comparables Price $0 $108 $78
Non-U.S. government debt securities 199  Market comparables Price $6 $106 $91
Net interest rate derivatives (1,105) Option pricing Interest rate volatility 26 bps 674 bps 131 bps
Interest rate spread volatility 37 bps 77 bps 64 bps
Bermudan switch value 0% 58% 20%
Interest rate correlation (82)% 90% 15%
IR-FX correlation (35)% 60% 5%
(17) Discounted cash flows Prepayment speed 0% 15% 5%
Net credit derivatives 673  Discounted cash flows Credit correlation 35% 65% 48%
Credit spread 0 bps 11,279 bps 342 bps
Recovery rate 10% 90% 40%
16  Market comparables Price $15 $115 $83
Net foreign exchange derivatives 461  Option pricing IR-FX correlation (40)% 60% 19%
(72) Discounted cash flows Prepayment speed 11% 11%
Interest rate curve 0% 30% 6%
Net equity derivatives (1,881) Option pricing
Forward equity price(h)
 84% 142% 101%
Equity volatility 3% 167% 32%
Equity correlation 15% 100% 58%
Equity-FX correlation (86)% 60% (29)%
Equity-IR correlation 10% 35% 21%
Net commodity derivatives (353) Option pricing Oil commodity forward $95 / BBL $249 / BBL $172 / BBL
Natural gas commodity forward $1 / MMBTU $7 / MMBTU $4 / MMBTU
Commodity volatility 5% 175% 90%
Commodity correlation (28)% 80% 26%
MSRs 8,229  Discounted cash flows
Refer to Note 15
Long-term debt, short-term borrowings, and deposits(e)
 27,806  Option pricing Interest rate volatility 26 bps 674 bps 131 bps
Bermudan switch value 0% 58% 20%
Interest rate correlation (82)% 90% 15%
IR-FX correlation (35)% 60% 5%
Equity correlation 15% 100% 58%
Equity-FX correlation (86)% 60% (29)%
Equity-IR correlation 10% 35% 21%
1,376  Discounted cash flows Credit correlation 35% 65% 48%
Other level 3 assets and liabilities, net(f)
 1,056 
(a)The categories presented in the table have been aggregated based upon the product type, which may differ from their classification on the Consolidated balance sheets. Furthermore, the inputs presented for each valuation technique in the table are, in some cases, not applicable to every instrument valued using the technique as the characteristics of the instruments can differ.
(b)Comprises U.S. GSE and government agency securities of $706 million, nonagency securities of $5 million and non-trading loans of $930 million.
(c)Comprises nonagency securities of $6 million, trading loans of $72 million and non-trading loans of $2.2 billion.
(d)Comprises trading loans of $1.0 billion and non-trading loans of $638 million.
(e)Long-term debt, short-term borrowings and deposits include structured notes issued by the Firm that are financial instruments that typically contain embedded derivatives. The estimation of the fair value of structured notes includes the derivative features embedded within the instrument. The significant unobservable inputs are broadly consistent with those presented for derivative receivables.
(f)Includes equity securities of $843 million including $213 million in Other assets, for which quoted prices are not readily available and the fair value is generally based on internal valuation techniques such as EBITDA multiples and comparable analysis. All other level 3 assets and liabilities are insignificant both individually and in aggregate.
(g)Price is a significant unobservable input for certain instruments. When quoted market prices are not readily available, reliance is generally placed on price-based internal valuation techniques. The price input is expressed assuming a par value of $100.
(h)Forward equity price is expressed as a percentage of the current equity price.
(i)Amounts represent weighted averages except for derivative related inputs where arithmetic averages are used.
107

Changes in and ranges of unobservable inputs
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the impact on fair value of changes in unobservable inputs and the relationships between unobservable inputs as well as a description of attributes of the underlying instruments and external market factors that affect the range of inputs used in the valuation of the Firm’s positions.
Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements
The following tables include a rollforward of the Consolidated balance sheets amounts (including changes in fair value) for financial instruments classified by the Firm within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3, the determination is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. However, level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources); accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology. Also, the Firm risk-manages the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within level 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy; as these level 1 and level 2 risk management instruments are not included below, the gains or losses in the following tables do not reflect the effect of the Firm’s risk management activities related to such level 3 instruments.




108

Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Fair value at
  April 1,
2023		 Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) Transfers into
level 3		 Transfers (out of) level 3 Fair value at
June 30, 2023		 Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2023
Purchases(g)
 Sales
Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
 757  —  106  (106) (40) —  (11) 706  (6)
Residential – nonagency 5  6  —  (6) —  —  —  5  — 
Commercial – nonagency
 10  (1) —  —  —  5  (8) 6  (1)
Total mortgage-backed securities
 772  5  106  (112) (40) 5  (19) 717  (7)
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
 6  —  —  —  —  —  —  6  — 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
 169  29  50  (49) —  —  —  199  31 
Corporate debt securities 538  —  61  (43) (2) 7  (39) 522  (2)
Loans 926  (6) 246  (65) (18) 102  (80) 1,105  (6)
Asset-backed securities 7  —  4  (1) —  4  —  14  — 
Total debt instruments 2,418  28  467  (270) (60) 118  (138) 2,563  16 
Equity securities 581  (16) 50  (36) —  104  (52) 631  (16)
Physical commodities —  —  6  —  —  —  —  6  — 
Other 140  (19) 2  —  (6) —  (4) 113  (18)
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
 3,139  (7)
(c)
 525  (306) (66) 222  (194) 3,313  (18)
(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate 754  (1,043) 60  (42) 49  (914) 14  (1,122) (960)
Credit 452  228  —  (1) 31  2  (23) 689  240 
Foreign exchange 545  (37) 51  (67) (126) 55  (32) 389  (29)
Equity (885) (148) 295  (675) (726) 349  (91) (1,881) 9 
Commodity (287) (50) 35  (51) 16  (12) (4) (353) (71)
Total net derivative receivables
 579  (1,050)
(c)
 441  (836) (756) (520) (136) (2,278) (811)
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities 250  17  —  —  —  —  —  267  17 
Total available-for-sale securities
 250  17 
(d)
 —  —  —  —  —  267  17 
(d)
Loans 1,479  (3)
(c)
 2,137  (7) (490) 760  (68) 3,808  (52)
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights 7,755  275 
(e)
 546  (92) (255) —  —  8,229  275 
(e)
Other assets 406  16 
(c)
 5  (2) (14) 8  (2) 417  16 
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Fair value at
  April 1,
2023		 Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses Transfers into
level 3		 Transfers (out of) level 3 Fair value at
June 30, 2023		 Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2023
Purchases Sales Issuances
Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits $ 2,208  $ (51)
(c)(f)
 $ —  $ —  $ 139  $ (181) $ —  $ (62) $ 2,053  $ (51)
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings 1,410  50 
(c)(f)
 —  —  1,191  (927) 2  (22) 1,704  29 
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
 63  (1)
(c)
 —  (2) —  (2) 6  (1) 63  (1)
(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
 56  5 
(c)
 (2) 3  —  —  8  (2) 68  5 
(c)
Long-term debt 25,227  325 
(c)(f)
 —  —  2,667  (2,550) 113  (357) 25,425  354 
(c)(f)
109

Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended
June 30, 2022
(in millions)		 Fair value at
  April 1,
2022		 Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) Transfers into
level 3		 Transfers (out of) level 3 Fair value at
June 30, 2022		 Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2022
Purchases(g)
 Sales
Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
 $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1  $ —  $ 1  $ — 
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
 286  (1) 643  (118) (7) —  —  803  (2)
Residential – nonagency 10  —  5  —  (1) —  —  14  — 
Commercial – nonagency 10  —  —  —  —  —  —  10  — 
Total mortgage-backed securities
 306  (1) 648  (118) (8) —  —  827  (2)
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
 7  —  —  —  —  —  —  7  — 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
 133  (9) 177  (86) —  6  (16) 205  (8)
Corporate debt securities 293  (16) 272  (12) —  57  (20) 574  (16)
Loans 1,049  (33) 122  (164) (152) 254  (178) 898  (32)
Asset-backed securities 28  —  1  (10) —  1  —  20  — 
Total debt instruments 1,816  (59) 1,220  (390) (160) 318  (214) 2,531  (58)
Equity securities 663  (99) 98  (61) —  106  (46) 661  (90)
Physical commodities —  —  2  —  —  —  —  2  — 
Other 175  66  6  —  (158) —  (2) 87  60 
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
 2,654  (92)
(c)
 1,326  (451) (318) 424  (262) 3,281  (88)
(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate 367  160  99  (135) 105 

44  (220) 420  204 
Credit 44  264  4  (3) (65) 1  4  249  255 
Foreign exchange 76  193  15  (19) (38) 24  (6) 245  174 
Equity (2,583) 1,838 

162  (466)

(140)

(227) 182 

(1,234) 1,788 
Commodity (414) 382  18  (69) 112  (1) (2) 26  423 
Total net derivative receivables
 (2,510) 2,837 
(c)
 298  (692)

(26)

(159) (42)

(294) 2,844 
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities 205  (19) —  —  —  —  —  186  (19)
Total available-for-sale securities
 205  (19)
(d)
 —  —  —  —  —  186  (19)
(d)
Loans 2,072  (82)
(c)
 273  (95) (250) 226  (124) 2,020  (80)
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights 7,294  654 
(e)
 341  (614) (236) —  —  7,439  654 
(e)
Other assets 341  116 
(c)
 5  (28) (20) —  (6) 408  116 
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended
June 30, 2022
(in millions)		 Fair value at
  April 1,
2022		 Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses Transfers into
level 3		 Transfers (out of) level 3 Fair value at
June 30, 2022		 Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2022
Purchases Sales Issuances
Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits $ 2,121  $ (160)
(c)(f)
 $ —  $ —  $ 138  $ (21) $ —  $ (46) $ 2,032  $ (160)
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings 2,146  14 
(c)(f)
 —  —  963  (1,036) 14  —  2,101  93 
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
 41  1 
(c)
 (20) 4  —  —  30  —  56  1 
(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
 108  (2)
(c)
 (28) 1  —  —  —  (6) 73  (2)
(c)
Long-term debt 24,394  (2,640)
(c)(f)
 —  —  3,470  (2,045)

179  (281) 23,077 

(2,613)
(c)(f)


110

Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Fair value at
Jan 1,
2023		 Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) Transfers into
level 3		 Transfers (out of) level 3 Fair value at
June 30, 2023		 Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2023
Purchases(g)
 Sales
Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
 759  7  131  (113) (64) —  (14) 706  2 
Residential – nonagency 5  7  —  (6) (2) 1  —  5  1 
Commercial – nonagency 7  —  —  —  (1) 8  (8) 6  (1)
Total mortgage-backed securities
 771  14  131  (119) (67) 9  (22) 717  2 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
 7  —  —  (1) —  —  —  6  — 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
 155  40  100  (96) —  —  —  199  43 
Corporate debt securities 463  24  110  (60) (2) 30  (43) 522  18 
Loans 759  2  682  (127) (113) 125  (223) 1,105  1 
Asset-backed securities 23  —  5  (3) (1) 5  (15) 14  (1)
Total debt instruments 2,178  80  1,028  (406) (183) 169  (303) 2,563  63 
Equity securities 665  (47) 108  (107) —  140  (128) 631  (27)
Physical Commodities 2  —  6  —  (2) —  —  6  — 
Other 64  (40) 96  —  (4) 1  (4) 113  (19)
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
 2,909  (7)
(c)
 1,238  (513) (189) 310  (435) 3,313  17 
(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate 701  (697) 95  (92) 27 

(1,079) (77) (1,122) (582)
Credit 13  474  3  (4) 202  26  (25) 689  497 
Foreign exchange 489  52  79  (108) (201) 119  (41) 389  29 
Equity (384) 23 

613  (1,362)

(726)

460  (505)

(1,881) 95 
Commodity (146) (42) 39  (118) (111) (11) 36  (353) (206)
Total net derivative receivables
 673  (190)
(c)
 829  (1,684)

(809)

(485) (612)

(2,278) (167)
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities 239  28  —  —  —  —  —  267  28 
Total available-for-sale securities
 239  28 
(d)
 —  —  —  —  —  267  28 
(d)
Loans 1,418  23 
(c)
 2,285  (73) (585) 917  (177) 3,808  24 
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights 7,973  264 
(e)
 577  (90) (495) —  —  8,229  264 
(e)
Other assets 405  21 
(c)
 17  (2) (30) 8  (2) 417  21 
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Fair value at
Jan 1,
2023		 Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses Transfers into
level 3		 Transfers (out of) level 3 Fair value at
June 30, 2023		 Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2023
Purchases Sales Issuances
Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits $ 2,162  $ (3)
(c)(f)
 $ —  $ —  $ 267  $ (248) $ —  $ (125) $ 2,053  $ (31)
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings 1,401  140 
(c)(f)
 —  —  2,242  (2,059) 2  (22) 1,704  34 
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
 84  (13)
(c)
 (27) 6  —  (2) 18  (3) 63  — 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
 53  4 
(c)
 (2) 7  —  —  8  (2) 68  4 
(c)
Long-term debt 24,092  1,681 
(c)(f)
 —  —  5,400  (5,525)

204  (427) 25,425 

1,674 
(c)(f)


111

Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Six months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)		 Fair value at
Jan 1,
2022		 Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) Transfers into
level 3		 Transfers (out of) level 3 Fair value at
June 30, 2022		 Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2022
Purchases(g)
 Sales
Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
 $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1  $ —  $ 1  $ — 
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
 265  26  665  (125) (28) —  —  803  24 
Residential – nonagency 28  —  5  —  (12) —  (7) 14  (1)
Commercial – nonagency 10  —  —  —  —  —  —  10  — 
Total mortgage-backed securities
 303  26  670  (125) (40) —  (7) 827  23 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
 7  —  —  —  —  —  —  7  — 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
 81  (42) 405  (266) —  43  (16) 205  (106)
Corporate debt securities 332  (35) 333  (71) (37) 98  (46) 574  (44)
Loans 708  (37) 419  (262) (159) 525  (296) 898  (13)
Asset-backed securities 26  —  2  (10) —  5  (3) 20  — 
Total debt instruments 1,457  (88) 1,829  (734) (236) 671  (368) 2,531  (140)
Equity securities 662  (912) 321  (301) —  959  (68) 661  (474)
Physical Commodities —  —  2  —  —  —  —  2  — 
Other 160  67  26  —  (163) —  (3) 87  70 
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
 2,279  (933)
(c)
 2,178  (1,035) (399) 1,630  (439) 3,281  (544)
(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate (16) 393  225  (229) 256 

17  (226) 420  428 
Credit 74  331  8  (7) (161) (2) 6  249  330 
Foreign exchange (419) 538  147  (43) 32  18  (28) 245  486 
Equity (3,626) 2,568 

660  (1,025)

303 

(558) 444 

(1,234) 2,975 
Commodity (907) 804  68  (206) 268  (1) —  26  469 
Total net derivative receivables
 (4,894) 4,634 
(c)
 1,108  (1,510)

698 

(526) 196 

(294) 4,688 
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities 161  8  17  —  —  —  —  186  8 
Total available-for-sale securities
 161  8 
(d)
 17  —  —  —  —  186  8 
(d)
Loans 1,933  16 
(c)
 394  (100) (531) 616  (308) 2,020  (24)
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights 5,494  1,613 
(e)
 1,471  (671) (468) —  —  7,439  1,613 
(e)
Other assets 306  125 
(c)
 46  (28) (37) 2  (6) 408  119 
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Six months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)		 Fair value at
Jan 1,
2022		 Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses Transfers into
level 3		 Transfers (out of) level 3 Fair value at
June 30, 2022		 Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2022
Purchases Sales Issuances
Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits $ 2,317  $ (302)
(c)(f)
 $ —  $ —  $ 246  $ (69) $ —  $ (160) $ 2,032  $ (298)
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings 2,481  (387)
(c)(f)
 —  —  2,386  (2,383) 15  (11) 2,101  7 
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
 30  (16)
(c)
 (34) 34  —  —  44  (2) 56  15 
(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
 69  (6)
(c)
 (28) 43  —  —  1  (6) 73  (6)
(c)
Long-term debt 24,374  (4,308)
(c)(f)
 —  —  7,520  (4,521)

442  (430) 23,077 

(4,151)
(c)(f)
(a)Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value (including assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 2% at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Level 3 liabilities at fair value as a percentage of total Firm liabilities at fair value (including liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 8% at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
112

(b)All level 3 derivatives are presented on a net basis, irrespective of the underlying counterparty.
(c)Predominantly reported in principal transactions revenue, except for changes in fair value for CCB mortgage loans and lending-related commitments originated with the intent to sell, and mortgage loan purchase commitments, which are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)Realized gains/(losses) on AFS securities are reported in investment securities gains/(losses). Unrealized gains/(losses) are reported in OCI. Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded on level 3 AFS securities were not material both for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(e)Changes in fair value for MSRs are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(f)Realized (gains)/losses due to DVA for fair value option elected liabilities are reported in principal transactions revenue, and were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Unrealized (gains)/losses are reported in OCI, and were $23 million and $(344) million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $(277) million and $(574) million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(g)Loan originations are included in purchases.
(h)Includes financial assets and liabilities that have matured, been partially or fully repaid, impacts of modifications, deconsolidations associated with beneficial interests in VIEs and other items.
Level 3 analysis
Consolidated balance sheets changes
The following describes significant changes to level 3 assets since December 31, 2022, for those items measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Refer to Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on page 115 for further information on changes impacting items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
Three and six months ended June 30, 2023
Level 3 assets were $26.8 billion at June 30, 2023, reflecting an increase of $3.0 billion from March 31, 2023, and an increase of $3.2 billion from December 31, 2022.
The increase for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was predominantly driven by:
•$2.3 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, in non-trading loans primarily due to $1.9 billion of loans in CIB associated with the First Republic acquisition.
Refer to the sections below for additional information.
Transfers between levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis
For the three months ended June 30, 2023, significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 included the following:
•$1.2 billion of gross interest rate derivative payables as a result of transition to term SOFR for certain interest rate options.
•$760 million of non-trading loans driven by a decrease in observability.
For the three months ended June 30, 2023, there were no significant transfers from level 3 into level 2.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 included the following:
•$1.6 billion of gross interest rate derivative payables as a result of transition to term SOFR for certain interest rate options.
•$901 million of gross equity derivative receivables as a result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs.
•$917 million of non-trading loans driven by a decrease in observability.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:
•$1.3 billion and $827 million of gross equity derivative receivables and gross equity derivative payables, respectively, as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.
For the three months ended June 30, 2022, there were no significant transfers from level 2 into level 3.
For the three months ended June 30, 2022, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:
•$930 million of gross interest rate derivative receivables as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 included the following:
•$1.6 billion of total debt and equity instruments, largely due to equity securities of $959 million driven by a decrease in observability predominantly as a result of restricted access to certain markets.
•$1.3 billion of gross equity derivative payables as a result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs.
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:
•$965 million of gross interest rate derivative receivables as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.
•$920 million and $1.4 billion of gross equity derivative receivables and gross equity derivative payables, respectively, as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.
All transfers are based on changes in the observability and/or significance of the valuation inputs and are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.

















113

Gains and losses
The following describes significant components of total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated. These amounts exclude any effects of the Firm’s risk management activities where the financial instruments are classified as level 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements rollforward tables on pages 108-113 for further information on these instruments.
Three months ended June 30, 2023
•$752 million of net losses on assets, driven by losses in net derivative receivables due to market movements.
•$328 million of net losses on liabilities, driven by losses in long-term debt due to market movements.
Three months ended June 30, 2022
•$3.4 billion of net gains on assets, largely driven by gains in net equity derivative receivables due to market movements and MSRs reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.
•$2.8 billion of net gains on liabilities, predominantly driven by gains in long-term debt due to market movements.
Six months ended June 30, 2023
•$139 million of net gains on assets, driven by gains in MSR reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.
•$1.8 billion of net losses on liabilities, predominantly driven by losses in long-term debt due to market movements.
Six months ended June 30, 2022
•$5.5 billion of net gains on assets, predominantly driven by gains in net equity derivative receivables due to market movements and MSRs reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.
•$5.0 billion of net gains on liabilities, predominantly driven by gains in long-term debt due to market movements.
Refer to Note 15 for information on MSRs.
Credit and funding adjustments — derivatives
The following table provides the impact of credit and funding adjustments on principal transactions revenue in the respective periods, excluding the effect of any associated hedging activities. The FVA presented below includes the impact of the Firm’s own credit quality on the inception value of liabilities as well as the impact of changes in the Firm’s own credit quality over time.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Credit and funding adjustments:
Derivatives CVA $ 66  $ 147  $ 121  $ (165)
Derivatives FVA
 63  7  55  (51)
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information about both credit and funding
adjustments, as well as information about valuation adjustments on fair value option elected liabilities.

114

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
The following tables present the assets and liabilities held as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, for which nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.
Fair value hierarchy Total fair value
June 30, 2023 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Loans $ —  $ 803 

$ 840 
(b)
 $ 1,643 
Other assets(a)
 —  7  286  293 
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis $ —  $ 810  $ 1,126  $ 1,936 
Accounts payable and other liabilities —  —  — 
 
 — 
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Fair value hierarchy Total fair value
June 30, 2022 (in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Loans $ —  $ 1,516 

$ 665  $ 2,181 
Other assets —  22  1,083 

1,105 
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis $ —  $ 1,538  $ 1,748  $ 3,286 
Accounts payable and other liabilities —  —  293 

293 
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis $ —  $ —  $ 293  $ 293 
(a)Primarily includes equity securities without readily determinable fair values that were adjusted based on observable price changes in orderly transactions from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (measurement alternative). Of the $286 million in level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2023, $220 million related to equity securities adjusted based on the measurement alternative. These equity securities are classified as level 3 due to the infrequency of the observable prices and/or the restrictions on the shares.
(b)Of the $840 million in level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2023, $23 million related to residential real estate loans carried at the net realizable value of the underlying collateral (e.g., collateral-dependent loans). These amounts are classified as level 3 as they are valued using information from broker’s price opinions, appraisals and automated valuation models and discounted based upon the Firm’s experience with actual liquidation values. These discounts ranged from 3% to 56% with a weighted average of 25%.
Nonrecurring fair value changes
The following table presents the total change in value of assets and liabilities for which fair value adjustments have been recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, related to assets and liabilities held at those dates.


Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Loans $ (96)
 
 $ (80)

$ (128)

$ (91)
Other assets(a)
 (36)
 
 (389)

(99) (45)
Accounts payable and other liabilities — 
 
 (269)

—  (288)
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)
 $ (132) $ (738) $ (227) $ (424)
(a)Included $(32) million and $(387) million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $(93) million and $(29) million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of net gains/(losses) as a result of the measurement alternative.
Refer to Note 12 for further information about the measurement of collateral-dependent loans.

115

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values
The Firm measures certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (i.e., measurement alternative), with such changes recognized in other income.
In its determination of the new carrying values upon observable price changes, the Firm may adjust the prices if deemed necessary to arrive at the Firm’s estimated fair values. Such adjustments may include adjustments to reflect the different rights and obligations of similar securities, and other adjustments that are consistent with the Firm’s valuation techniques for private equity direct investments.
The following table presents the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, that are measured under the measurement alternative and the related adjustments recorded during the periods presented for those securities with observable price changes. These securities are included in the nonrecurring fair value tables when applicable price changes are observable.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
As of or for the period ended, (in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Other assets
Carrying value(a)
 $ 4,673  $ 4,196  $ 4,673  $ 4,196 
Upward carrying value changes(b)
 5  76 

40  445
Downward carrying value changes/impairment(c)
 (37) (463) (133) (474)
(a)The carrying value as of December 31, 2022 was $4.1 billion. The period-end carrying values reflect cumulative purchases and sales in addition to upward and downward carrying value changes.
(b)The cumulative upward carrying value changes between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2023 were $1.5 billion.
(c)The cumulative downward carrying value changes/impairment between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2023 were $(1.0) billion.

Included in other assets above is the Firm’s interest in approximately 37 million Visa Class B common shares (“Visa B shares”). These shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions and are convertible into Visa Class A common shares (“Visa A shares”) at a specified conversion rate upon final resolution of certain litigation matters involving Visa. On June 29, 2023, Visa filed a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC indicating that the conversion rate of Visa B shares to Visa A shares decreased from 1.5991 to 1.5902 effective June 28, 2023. The conversion rate may be further adjusted by Visa depending on developments related to the litigation matters. The outcome of those litigation matters, and the effect that the resolution of those matters may have on the conversion rate, is unknown. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2023, there is significant uncertainty regarding when the transfer restrictions on Visa B shares may be terminated and what the final conversion rate for the Visa B shares will be. As a result of these considerations, as well as differences in voting rights, Visa B shares are not considered to be similar to Visa A shares, and they continue to be held at their nominal carrying value.
In connection with prior sales of Visa B shares, the Firm has entered into derivative instruments with the purchasers of the shares under which the Firm retains the risk associated with changes in the conversion rate. Under the terms of the derivative instruments, the Firm will (a) make or receive payments based on subsequent changes in the conversion rate and (b) make periodic interest payments to the purchasers of the Visa B shares. The payments under the derivative instruments will continue as long as the Visa B shares remain subject to transfer restrictions. The derivative instruments are accounted for at fair value using a discounted cash flow methodology based upon the Firm’s estimate of the timing and magnitude of final resolution of the litigation matters. The derivative instruments are recorded in trading liabilities, and changes in fair value are recognized in other income. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm held derivative instruments associated with 23 million Visa B shares that the Firm had previously sold, which are all subject to similar terms and conditions.
116

Additional disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments that are not carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value
The following table presents, by fair value hierarchy classification, the carrying values and estimated fair values at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, of financial assets and liabilities, excluding financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, and their classification within the fair value hierarchy.
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Estimated fair value hierarchy Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions) Carrying
value		 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total estimated
fair value		 Carrying
value		 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total estimated
fair value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks $ 26.1  $ 26.1  $ —  $ —  $ 26.1  $ 27.7  $ 27.7  $ —  $ —  $ 27.7 
Deposits with banks 469.1  469.0  0.1  —  469.1  539.5  539.3  0.2  —  539.5 
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
 111.1  —  111.1  0.1  111.2  124.7  —  124.6  0.1  124.7 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
 3.0  —  3.0  —  3.0  3.7  —  3.7  —  3.7 
Securities borrowed
 107.7  —  107.7  —  107.7  115.3  —  115.3  —  115.3 
Investment securities, held-to-maturity
 408.9  185.8  189.5  —  375.3  425.3  189.1  199.5  —  388.6 
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses(a)
 1,239.3  —  279.8  936.1  1,215.9  1,073.9  —  194.0  853.9  1,047.9 
Other 69.2  —  66.9  2.4  69.3  101.2  —  99.6  1.7  101.3 
Financial liabilities
Deposits $ 2,347.4  $ —  $ 2,347.5  $ —  $ 2,347.5  $ 2,311.6  $ —  $ 2,311.5  $ —  $ 2,311.5 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
 49.7  —  49.7  —  49.7  50.6  —  50.6  —  50.6 
Short-term borrowings(b)
 23.1  —  23.1  —  23.1  28.2  —  28.2  —  28.2 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
 248.1  —  238.8  8.8  247.6  257.5  —  251.2  5.6  256.8 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
 19.6  —  19.6  —  19.6  12.6  —  12.6  —  12.6 
Long-term debt(b)
 285.4  —  232.0  51.7  283.7  223.6  —  216.5  2.8  219.3 
(a)Fair value is typically estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the characteristics of the underlying loans (including principal, contractual interest rate and contractual fees) and other key inputs, including expected lifetime credit losses, interest rates, prepayment rates, and primary origination or secondary market spreads. For certain loans, the fair value is measured based on the value of the underlying collateral. Carrying value of the loan takes into account the loan’s allowance for loan losses, which represents the loan’s expected credit losses over its remaining expected life. The difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of a loan is generally attributable to changes in market interest rates, including credit spreads, market liquidity premiums and other factors that affect the fair value of a loan but do not affect its carrying value.
(b)Includes FHLB advances in level 2 of Long-term debt and Short-term borrowings and the Purchase Money Note in level 3 of Long-term debt associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Notes 18 and 28 for additional information.
The majority of the Firm’s lending-related commitments are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Consolidated balance sheets. The carrying value and the estimated fair value of these wholesale lending-related commitments were as follows for the periods indicated.
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Estimated fair value hierarchy Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)
Carrying value(a) (b)(c)
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total estimated fair value
Carrying value(a) (b)
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total estimated fair value
Wholesale lending-related commitments
 $ 3.7  $ —  $ —  $ 4.9  $ 4.9  $ 2.3  $ —  $ —  $ 3.2  $ 3.2 
(a)Excludes the current carrying values of the guarantee liability and the offsetting asset, each of which is recognized at fair value at the inception of the guarantees.
(b)Includes the wholesale allowance for lending-related commitments.
(c)As of June 30, 2023, includes fair value adjustments associated with the First Republic acquisition for other unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $1.6 billion. Refer to Notes 24 and 28 for additional information.
The Firm does not estimate the fair value of consumer off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. In many cases, the Firm can reduce or cancel these commitments by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. Refer to page 169 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the valuation of lending-related commitments.
117

Note 3 – Fair value option
The fair value option provides an option to elect fair value for selected financial assets, financial liabilities, unrecognized firm commitments, and written loan commitments.
The Firm has elected to measure certain instruments at fair value for several reasons including to mitigate income statement volatility caused by the differences between the measurement basis of elected instruments (e.g., certain instruments that otherwise would be accounted for on an accrual basis) and the associated risk management arrangements that are accounted for on a fair value basis, as well as to better reflect those instruments that are managed on a fair value basis.
The Firm’s election of fair value includes the following instruments:
•Loans purchased or originated as part of securitization warehousing activity, subject to bifurcation accounting, or managed on a fair value basis, including lending-related commitments
•Certain securities financing agreements
•Owned beneficial interests in securitized financial assets that contain embedded credit derivatives, which would otherwise be required to be separately accounted for as a derivative instrument
•Structured notes and other hybrid instruments, which are predominantly financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives, that are issued or transacted as part of client-driven activities
•Certain long-term beneficial interests issued by CIB’s consolidated securitization trusts where the underlying assets are carried at fair value
Changes in fair value under the fair value option election
The following table presents the changes in fair value included in the Consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, for items for which the fair value option was elected. The profit and loss information presented below only includes the financial instruments that were elected to be measured at fair value; related risk management instruments, which are required to be measured at fair value, are not included in the table.
Three months ended June 30,
2023 2022
(in millions) Principal transactions All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded (e)
 Principal transactions All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded (e)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
 $ 18  $ —  $ 18  $ (145) $ —  $ (145)
Securities borrowed (60) —  (60) (101) —  (101)
Trading assets:
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
 1,160  —  1,160  (1,255) —  (1,255)
Loans reported as trading assets:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk 100  — 
 
 100  (136)
(f)
 — 
 
 (136)
Other changes in fair value 2  2 
(c)
 4  (11) — 
 
 (11)
Loans:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk 6  (5)
(c)
 1  (83) 11 
(c)
 (72)
Other changes in fair value (76) (6)
(c)
 (82) (501) (260)
(c)
 (761)
Other assets (16) (1)
(d)
 (17) (2) 4 
(d)
 2 
Deposits(a)
 (395) —  (395) 382  —  382 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
 (8) —  (8) 124  —  124 
Short-term borrowings(a)
 (110) —  (110) 471  —  471 
Trading liabilities (15) —  (15) 54  —  54 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
 —  —  —  —  —  — 
Other liabilities (1) —  (1) (7) —  (7)
Long-term debt(a)(b)
 (663) (2)
(c)(d)
 (665) 5,405  14 
(c)(d)
 5,419 






118

Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022
(in millions) Principal transactions All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded (e)
 Principal transactions All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded (e)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
 $ 220  $ —  $ 220  $ (375) $ —  $ (375)
Securities borrowed 28  —  28  (299) —  (299)
Trading assets:
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
 2,755  —  2,755  (911) —  (911)
Loans reported as trading assets:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk 231  —  231  (142)
(f)
 —  (142)
Other changes in fair value 5  2 
(c)
 7  (22) —  (22)
Loans:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk 71  (4)
(c)
 67  (77) 23 
(c)
 (54)
Other changes in fair value 119  104 
(c)
 223  (1,220) (774)
(c)
 (1,994)
Other assets 14  (1)
(d)
 13  9  1 
(d)
 10 
Deposits(a)
 (868) —  (868) 784  —  784 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
 (69) —  (69) 206  —  206 
Short-term borrowings(a)
 (269) —  (269) 773  —  773 
Trading liabilities (30) —  (30) (12) —  (12)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
 —  —  —  (1) —  (1)
Other liabilities (1) —  (1) (4) —  (4)
Long-term debt(a)(b)
 (3,461) (28)
(c)(d)
 (3,489) 9,365  33 
(c)(d)
 9,398 
(a)Unrealized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk (DVA) for liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected are recorded in OCI, while realized gains/(losses) are recorded in principal transactions revenue. Realized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk recorded in principal transactions revenue were not material both for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(b)Long-term debt measured at fair value predominantly relates to structured notes. Although the risk associated with the structured notes is actively managed, the gains/(losses) reported in this table do not include the income statement impact of the risk management instruments used to manage such risk.
(c)Reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)Reported in other income.
(e)Changes in fair value exclude contractual interest, which is included in interest income and interest expense for all instruments other than certain hybrid financial instruments in CIB. Refer to Note 7 for further information regarding interest income and interest expense.
(f)Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.

119

Difference between aggregate fair value and aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding
The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, for loans, long-term debt and long-term beneficial interests for which the fair value option has been elected.
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
(in millions) Contractual principal outstanding Fair value Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding Contractual principal outstanding Fair value Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Loans
Nonaccrual loans
Loans reported as trading assets $ 2,737  $ 529  $ (2,208) $ 2,517  $ 368  $ (2,149)
Loans 911  760  (151) 967  829  (138)
Subtotal 3,648  1,289  (2,359) 3,484  1,197  (2,287)
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed
Loans(a)
82  76  (6) 124  115  (9)
All other performing loans(b)
Loans reported as trading assets 9,217  7,560  (1,657) 7,823  6,135  (1,688)
Loans 39,995  37,953  (2,042) 42,588  41,135  (1,453)
Subtotal 49,212  45,513  (3,699) 50,411  47,270  (3,141)
Total loans $ 52,942  $ 46,878  $ (6,064) $ 54,019  $ 48,582  $ (5,437)
Long-term debt
Principal-protected debt $ 42,889 
(d)
 $ 34,524  $ (8,365) $ 41,341 
(d)
 $ 31,105  $ (10,236)
Nonprincipal-protected debt(c)
 NA 44,085  NA NA 41,176  NA
Total long-term debt NA $ 78,609  NA NA $ 72,281  NA
Long-term beneficial interests
Nonprincipal-protected debt(c)
 NA $ 1  NA NA $ 5  NA
Total long-term beneficial interests NA $ 1  NA NA $ 5  NA
(a)These balances are excluded from nonaccrual loans as the loans are insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.
(b)There were no performing loans that were ninety days or more past due as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
(c)Remaining contractual principal is not applicable to nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests. Unlike principal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests, for which the Firm is obligated to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests do not obligate the Firm to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, but for structured notes to return an amount based on the performance of an underlying variable or derivative feature embedded in the note. However, investors are exposed to the credit risk of the Firm as issuer for both nonprincipal-protected and principal-protected notes.
(d)Where the Firm issues principal-protected zero-coupon or discount notes, the balance reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity or, if applicable, the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date.
At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the contractual amount of lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected was $10.2 billion and $7.6 billion, respectively, with a corresponding fair value of $264 million and $24 million, respectively. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K, and Note 24 of this Form 10-Q for further information regarding off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments.

120

Structured note products by balance sheet classification and risk component
The following table presents the fair value of structured notes, by balance sheet classification and the primary risk type.
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
(in millions) Long-term debt Short-term borrowings Deposits Total Long-term debt Short-term borrowings Deposits Total
Risk exposure
Interest rate $ 34,860  $ 225  $ 46,527  $ 81,612  $ 31,973  $ 260  $ 24,655  $ 56,888 
Credit 4,618  247  —  4,865  4,105  170  —  4,275 
Foreign exchange 2,675  997  3  3,675  2,674  788  50  3,512 
Equity 33,590  4,830  3,202  41,622  30,864  4,272  3,545  38,681 
Commodity 2,017  —  1 
(a)
 2,018  1,655  16  2 
(a)
 1,673 
Total structured notes $ 77,760  $ 6,299  $ 49,733  $ 133,792  $ 71,271  $ 5,506  $ 28,252  $ 105,029 
(a)Excludes deposits linked to precious metals for which the fair value option has not been elected of $590 million and $602 million for the periods ended June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

121

Note 4 – Credit risk concentrations
Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of clients, counterparties or customers are engaged in similar business activities or activities in the same geographic region, or when they have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions.
JPMorgan Chase regularly monitors various segments of its credit portfolios to assess potential credit risk concentrations and to obtain additional collateral when deemed necessary and permitted under the Firm’s agreements. Senior management is significantly involved in the credit approval and review process, and risk levels are adjusted as needed to reflect the Firm’s risk appetite.
In the Firm’s consumer portfolio, concentrations are managed primarily by product and by U.S. geographic region, with a key focus on trends and concentrations at the portfolio level, where potential credit risk concentrations can be remedied through changes in underwriting policies and portfolio guidelines. Refer to Note 12 for additional information on the geographic composition of the Firm’s consumer loan portfolios. In the wholesale portfolio, credit risk concentrations are evaluated primarily by industry and monitored regularly on both an aggregate portfolio level and on an individual client or counterparty basis.
The Firm’s wholesale exposure is managed through loan syndications and participations, loan sales, securitizations, credit derivatives, master netting agreements, collateral and other risk-reduction techniques. Refer to Note 12 for additional information on loans.
The Firm does not believe that its exposure to any particular loan product or industry segment results in a significant concentration of credit risk.
Terms of loan products and collateral coverage are included in the Firm’s assessment when extending credit and establishing its allowance for loan losses.

122

The table below presents both on–balance sheet and off–balance sheet consumer and wholesale credit exposure by the Firm’s three credit portfolio segments as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The wholesale industry of risk category is generally based on the client or counterparty’s primary business activity.
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Credit exposure(h)(i)
 On-balance sheet
Off-balance sheet(j)
Credit exposure(h)
 On-balance sheet
Off-balance sheet(j)
(in millions) Loans Derivatives Loans Derivatives
Consumer, excluding credit card $ 459,050  $ 408,204  $ —  $ 50,846  $ 344,893  $ 311,375  $ —  $ 33,518 
Credit card(a)
 1,072,833  191,348  —  881,485  1,006,459  185,175  —  821,284 
Total consumer(a)
 1,531,883  599,552  —  932,331  1,351,352  496,550  —  854,802 
Wholesale(b)
Real Estate 206,912  165,069  331  41,512  170,857  131,681  249  38,927 
Individuals and Individual Entities(c)
 141,178  122,056  730  18,392  130,815  120,424  434  9,957 
Asset Managers 138,143  52,730  14,751  70,662  95,656  40,511  16,397  38,748 
Consumer & Retail 125,935  47,410  2,278  76,247  120,555  45,867  1,650  73,038 
Industrials 77,206  27,537  1,424  48,245  72,483  26,960  1,770  43,753 
Technology, Media &
  Telecommunications		 76,444  21,159  2,601  52,684  72,286  21,622  2,950  47,714 
Healthcare 65,547  22,727  1,720  41,100  62,613  22,970  1,683  37,960 
Banks & Finance Cos 61,659  34,934  4,679  22,046  51,816  32,172  3,246  16,398 
State & Municipal Govt(d)
 37,157  20,656  457  16,044  33,847  18,147  585  15,115 
Utilities 35,757  7,162  3,089  25,506  36,218  9,107  3,269  23,842 
Oil & Gas 33,233  9,607  1,352  22,274  38,668  9,632  5,121  23,915 
Automotive 32,947  15,169  602  17,176  33,287  14,735  529  18,023 
Chemicals & Plastics 22,195  6,343  510  15,342  20,030  5,771  407  13,852 
Insurance 21,874  2,772  8,175  10,927  21,045  2,387  8,081  10,577 
Central Govt 16,845  3,670  10,827  2,348  19,095  3,167  12,955  2,973 
Metals & Mining 15,631  4,786  311  10,534  15,915  5,398  475  10,042 
Transportation 15,447  5,779  606  9,062  15,009  5,005  567  9,437 
Securities Firms 9,077  957  3,392  4,728  8,066  556  3,387  4,123 
Financial Markets Infrastructure 4,993  184  2,491  2,318  4,962  13  3,050  1,899 
All other(e)
 135,271  97,438  3,891  33,942  123,307  87,545  4,075  31,687 
Subtotal 1,273,451  668,145  64,217  541,089  1,146,530  603,670  70,880  471,980 
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
 32,372  32,372  —  —  35,427  35,427  —  — 
Receivables from customers(f)
 42,741  —  —  —  49,257  —  —  — 
Total wholesale 1,348,564  700,517  64,217  541,089  1,231,214  639,097  70,880  471,980 
Total exposure(g)(h)
 $ 2,880,447  $ 1,300,069  $ 64,217  $ 1,473,420  $ 2,582,566  $ 1,135,647  $ 70,880  $ 1,326,782 
(a)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CB and CIB.
(b)The industry rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2022, are based on the industry rankings of the corresponding exposures as of June 30, 2023, not actual rankings of such exposures at December 31, 2022.
(c)Individuals and Individual Entities predominantly consists of Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB, and includes exposure to personal investment companies and personal and testamentary trusts.
(d)In addition to the credit risk exposure to states and municipal governments (both U.S. and non-U.S.) as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, noted above, the Firm held: $6.8 billion and $6.6 billion, respectively, of trading assets; $24.0 billion and $6.8 billion, respectively, of AFS securities; and $11.6 billion and $19.7 billion, respectively, of HTM securities, issued by U.S. state and municipal governments. Refer to Note 2 and Note 10 for further information.
(e)All other includes: SPEs and Private education and civic organizations, representing approximately 94% and 6%, respectively, as of June 30, 2023 and 95% and 5%, respectively, as of December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 14 for more information on exposures to SPEs.
(f)Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM that are collateralized by assets maintained in the clients’ brokerage accounts (e.g., cash on deposit, liquid and readily marketable debt or equity securities). Because of this collateralization, no allowance for credit losses is generally held against these receivables. To manage its credit risk the Firm establishes margin requirements and monitors the required margin levels on an ongoing basis, and requires clients to deposit additional cash or other collateral, or to reduce positions, when appropriate. These receivables are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
(g)Excludes cash placed with banks of $485.4 billion and $556.6 billion, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is predominantly placed with various central banks, primarily Federal Reserve Banks.
(h)Credit exposure is net of risk participations and excludes the benefit of credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities held against derivative receivables or loans and liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables.
(i)Included credit exposure associated with the First Republic acquisition consisting of $104.6 billion in the Consumer, excluding credit card portfolio, and $98.2 billion in the Wholesale portfolio predominantly in Asset Managers, Real Estate, and Individuals and Individual Entities.
(j)Represents lending-related financial instruments.
123

Note 5 – Derivative instruments
JPMorgan Chase makes markets in derivatives for clients and also uses derivatives to hedge or manage its own risk exposures. Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s use of and accounting policies regarding derivative instruments.
The Firm’s disclosures are based on the accounting treatment and purpose of these derivatives. A limited number of the Firm’s derivatives are designated in hedge
accounting relationships and are disclosed according to the type of hedge (fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or net investment hedge). Derivatives not designated in hedge accounting relationships include certain derivatives that are used to manage risks associated with specified assets and liabilities (“specified risk management” positions) as well as derivatives used in the Firm’s market-making businesses or for other purposes.

The following table outlines the Firm’s primary uses of derivatives and the related hedge accounting designation or disclosure category.
Type of Derivative Use of Derivative Designation and disclosure Affected
segment or unit		 10-Q page reference
Manage specifically identified risk exposures in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
•Interest rate
 Hedge fixed rate assets and liabilities Fair value hedge
Corporate
 130-131
•Interest rate
 Hedge floating-rate assets and liabilities Cash flow hedge
Corporate
 132
•Foreign exchange
Hedge foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities
Fair value hedge
Corporate
 130-131
•Foreign exchange
Hedge foreign currency-denominated forecasted revenue and expense
 Cash flow hedge
Corporate
 132
•Foreign exchange
Hedge the value of the Firm’s investments in non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities
Net investment hedge
Corporate
 133
•Commodity
 Hedge commodity inventory
Fair value hedge
CIB, AWM
 130-131
Manage specifically identified risk exposures not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
•Interest rate
Manage the risk associated with mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs
 Specified risk management CCB 134
•Credit
Manage the credit risk associated with wholesale lending exposures
Specified risk management
 CIB 134
•Interest rate and foreign exchange
 Manage the risk associated with certain other specified assets and liabilities
Specified risk management
Corporate
 134
Market-making derivatives and other activities:
•Various
 Market-making and related risk management
Market-making and other
 CIB 134
•Various
 Other derivatives
Market-making and other
 CIB, AWM, Corporate 134
124

Notional amount of derivative contracts
The following table summarizes the notional amount of free-standing derivative contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Notional amounts(b)
(in billions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Interest rate contracts
Swaps
 $ 29,292  $ 24,491 
Futures and forwards
 3,341  2,636 
Written options
 3,329  3,047 
Purchased options
 3,390  2,992 
Total interest rate contracts
 39,352  33,166 
Credit derivatives(a)
 1,477  1,132 
Foreign exchange contracts
Cross-currency swaps
 4,436  4,196 
Spot, futures and forwards
 8,681  7,017 
Written options
 867  775 
Purchased options
 826  759 
Total foreign exchange contracts
 14,810  12,747 
Equity contracts
Swaps
 598  618 
Futures and forwards
 110  110 
Written options
 755  636 
Purchased options
 707  580 
Total equity contracts 2,170  1,944 
Commodity contracts
Swaps
 137  136 
Spot, futures and forwards
 142  136 
Written options
 133  117 
Purchased options
 110  98 
Total commodity contracts
 522  487 
Total derivative notional amounts
 $ 58,331  $ 49,476 
(a)Refer to the Credit derivatives discussion on page 135 for more information on volumes and types of credit derivative contracts.
(b)Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.
While the notional amounts disclosed above give an indication of the volume of the Firm’s derivatives activity, the notional amounts significantly exceed, in the Firm’s view, the possible losses that could arise from such transactions. For most derivative contracts, the notional amount is not exchanged; it is simply a reference amount used to calculate payments.
125

Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated balance sheets
The following table summarizes information on derivative receivables and payables (before and after netting adjustments) that are reflected on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, by accounting designation (e.g., whether the derivatives were designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships or not) and contract type.
Free-standing derivative receivables and payables(a)
Gross derivative receivables Gross derivative payables
June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Not designated as hedges Designated as hedges Total derivative receivables
Net derivative receivables(b)
 Not designated as hedges Designated
as hedges		 Total derivative payables
Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate $ 288,312  $ —  $ 288,312  $ 27,709  $ 277,334  $ 8  $ 277,342  $ 15,157 
Credit 13,685  —  13,685  1,245  13,767  —  13,767  566 
Foreign exchange 226,793  886  227,679  22,194  222,739  846  223,585  14,177 
Equity 61,392  —  61,392  7,324  67,670  —  67,670  9,805 
Commodity 16,872  768  17,640  5,745  18,465  820  19,285  6,840 
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
 $ 607,054  $ 1,654  $ 608,708  $ 64,217  $ 599,975  $ 1,674  $ 601,649  $ 46,545 
Gross derivative receivables Gross derivative payables
December 31, 2022
(in millions)		 Not designated as hedges Designated as hedges Total derivative receivables
Net derivative receivables(b)
 Not designated as hedges Designated
as hedges		 Total derivative payables
Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate $ 300,411 

$ 4  $ 300,415  $ 28,419  $ 290,291  $ —  $ 290,291  $ 15,970 
Credit 10,329  —  10,329  1,090  9,971  —  9,971  754 
Foreign exchange 239,946  1,633  241,579  23,365  248,911  2,610  251,521  18,856 
Equity 61,913  —  61,913  9,139  62,461  —  62,461  8,804 
Commodity 23,652  1,705  25,357  8,867  20,758  2,511  23,269  6,757 
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
 $ 636,251  $ 3,342  $ 639,593  $ 70,880  $ 632,392  $ 5,121  $ 637,513  $ 51,141 
(a)Balances exclude structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further information.
(b)As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral receivables and payables when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists.
126

Derivatives netting
The following tables present, as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, gross and net derivative receivables and payables by contract and settlement type. Derivative receivables and payables, as well as the related cash collateral from the same counterparty, have been netted on the Consolidated balance sheets where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement. Where such a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, amounts are not eligible for netting on the Consolidated balance sheets, and those derivative receivables and payables are shown separately in the tables below.
In addition to the cash collateral received and transferred that is presented on a net basis with derivative receivables and payables, the Firm receives and transfers additional collateral (financial instruments and cash). These amounts mitigate counterparty credit risk associated with the Firm’s derivative instruments, but are not eligible for net presentation:
•collateral that consists of liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians, which are shown separately as “Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets” in the tables below, up to the fair value exposure amount. For the purpose of this disclosure, the definition of liquid securities is consistent with the definition of high quality liquid assets as defined in the LCR rule;
•the amount of collateral held or transferred that exceeds the fair value exposure at the individual counterparty level, as of the date presented, which is excluded from the tables below; and
•collateral held or transferred that relates to derivative receivables or payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained with respect to the master netting agreement, which is excluded from the tables below.
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
(in millions) Gross derivative receivables Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets Net derivative receivables Gross derivative receivables Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets Net
derivative receivables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative receivables
Interest rate contracts:
Over-the-counter (“OTC”) $ 194,218  $ (168,569) $ 25,649  $ 203,922  $ (178,261) $ 25,661 
OTC–cleared 91,665  (91,508) 157  93,800  (93,424) 376 
Exchange-traded(a)
 573  (526) 47  559  (311) 248 
Total interest rate contracts 286,456  (260,603) 25,853  298,281  (271,996) 26,285 
Credit contracts:
OTC 8,850  (7,818) 1,032  8,474  (7,535) 939 
OTC–cleared 4,674  (4,622) 52  1,746  (1,704) 42 
Total credit contracts 13,524  (12,440) 1,084  10,220  (9,239) 981 
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC 223,998  (204,582) 19,416  237,941  (216,796) 21,145 
OTC–cleared 910  (901) 9  1,461  (1,417) 44 
Exchange-traded(a)
 11  (2) 9  15  (1) 14 
Total foreign exchange contracts 224,919  (205,485) 19,434  239,417  (218,214) 21,203 
Equity contracts:
OTC 24,672  (21,496) 3,176  30,323  (25,665) 4,658 
Exchange-traded(a)
 34,196  (32,572) 1,624  28,467  (27,109) 1,358 
Total equity contracts 58,868  (54,068) 4,800  58,790  (52,774) 6,016 
Commodity contracts:
OTC 9,317  (5,539) 3,778  14,430  (7,633) 6,797 
OTC–cleared 111  (111) —  120  (112) 8 
Exchange-traded(a)
 6,266  (6,245) 21  9,103  (8,745) 358 
Total commodity contracts 15,694  (11,895) 3,799  23,653  (16,490) 7,163 
Derivative receivables with appropriate legal opinion
 599,461  (544,491) 54,970 
(d)
 630,361  (568,713) 61,648 
(d)
Derivative receivables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
 9,247  9,247  9,232  9,232 
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
 $ 608,708  $ 64,217  $ 639,593  $ 70,880 
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)(c)
 (23,282) (23,014)
Net amounts
 $ 40,935  $ 47,866 
127

June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
(in millions) Gross derivative payables Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets Net derivative payables Gross derivative payables Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets Net
derivative payables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative payables
Interest rate contracts:
OTC $ 180,016  $ (167,127) $ 12,889  $ 190,108  $ (176,890) $ 13,218 
OTC–cleared 94,771  (94,554) 217  97,417  (97,126) 291 
Exchange-traded(a)
 512  (504) 8  327  (305) 22 
Total interest rate contracts 275,299  (262,185) 13,114  287,852  (274,321) 13,531 
Credit contracts:
OTC 9,240  (8,768) 472  8,054  (7,572) 482 
OTC–cleared 4,438  (4,433) 5  1,674  (1,645) 29 
Total credit contracts 13,678  (13,201) 477  9,728  (9,217) 511 
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC 220,326  (208,507) 11,819  246,457  (231,248) 15,209 
OTC–cleared 993  (901) 92  1,488  (1,417) 71 
Exchange-traded(a)
 15  —  15  20  —  20 
Total foreign exchange contracts 221,334  (209,408) 11,926  247,965  (232,665) 15,300 
Equity contracts:
OTC 28,206  (25,293) 2,913  29,833  (26,554) 3,279 
Exchange-traded(a)
 35,657  (32,572) 3,085  28,291  (27,103) 1,188 
Total equity contracts 63,863  (57,865) 5,998  58,124  (53,657) 4,467 
Commodity contracts:
OTC 9,591  (6,061) 3,530  11,954  (7,642) 4,312 
OTC–cleared 116  (116) —  112  (112) — 
Exchange-traded(a)
 7,050  (6,268) 782  9,021  (8,758) 263 
Total commodity contracts 16,757  (12,445) 4,312  21,087  (16,512) 4,575 
Derivative payables with appropriate legal opinion
 590,931  (555,104) 35,827 
(d)
 624,756  (586,372) 38,384 
(d)
Derivative payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
 10,718  10,718  12,757  12,757 
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
 $ 601,649  $ 46,545  $ 637,513  $ 51,141 
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)(c)
 (4,248) (3,318)
Net amounts
 $ 42,297  $ 47,823 
(a)Exchange-traded derivative balances that relate to futures contracts are settled daily.
(b)Includes liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has been obtained. For some counterparties, the collateral amounts of financial instruments may exceed the derivative receivables and derivative payables balances. Where this is the case, the total amount reported is limited to the net derivative receivables and net derivative payables balances with that counterparty.
(c)Derivative collateral relates only to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.
(d)Net derivatives receivable included cash collateral netted of $52.5 billion and $51.5 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Net derivatives payable included cash collateral netted of $63.2 billion and $69.2 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Derivative cash collateral relates to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.
128

Liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features
Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features related to the Firm’s derivative contracts.
The following table shows the aggregate fair value of net derivative payables related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives that contain contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade, and the associated collateral the Firm has posted in the normal course of business, at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
OTC and OTC-cleared derivative payables containing downgrade triggers
(in millions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Aggregate fair value of net derivative payables
 $ 15,243  $ 16,023 
Collateral posted 14,144  15,505 
The following table shows the impact of a single-notch and two-notch downgrade of the long-term issuer ratings of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries, predominantly JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative contracts with contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade. Derivatives contracts generally require additional collateral to be posted or terminations to be triggered when the predefined rating threshold is breached. A downgrade by a single rating agency that does not result in a rating lower than a preexisting corresponding rating provided by another major rating agency will generally not result in additional collateral (except in certain instances in which additional initial margin may be required upon a ratings downgrade), nor in termination payment requirements. The liquidity impact in the table is calculated based upon a downgrade below the lowest current rating of the rating agencies referred to in the derivative contract.
Liquidity impact of downgrade triggers on OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
(in millions) Single-notch downgrade Two-notch downgrade Single-notch downgrade Two-notch downgrade
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade(a)
 $ 81  $ 1,241  $ 128  $ 1,293 
Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade(b)
 80  811  88  925 
(a)Includes the additional collateral to be posted for initial margin.
(b)Amounts represent fair values of derivative payables, and do not reflect collateral posted.
Derivatives executed in contemplation of a sale of the underlying financial asset
In certain instances the Firm enters into transactions in which it transfers financial assets but maintains the economic exposure to the transferred assets by entering into a derivative with the same counterparty in contemplation of the initial transfer. The Firm generally accounts for such transfers as collateralized financing transactions as described in Note 11, but in limited circumstances they may qualify to be accounted for as a sale and a derivative under U.S. GAAP. The amount of such transfers accounted for as a sale where the associated derivative was outstanding was not material at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
129

Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated statements of income
The following tables provide information related to gains and losses recorded on derivatives based on their hedge accounting designation or purpose.
Fair value hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in fair value hedge accounting relationships, as well as pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives and the related hedged items for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Firm includes gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the related hedged item.
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of
excluded components(e)
 OCI impact
Three months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Derivatives Hedged items Income statement impact Amortization approach Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)
 $ (151) $ 164  $ 13  $ —  $ 5  $ — 
Foreign exchange(c)
 254  (188) 66  (156) 66  15 
Commodity(d)
 422  (290) 132  —  133  — 
Total $ 525  $ (314) $ 211  $ (156) $ 204  $ 15 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of
excluded components(e)
 OCI impact
Three months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)		 Derivatives Hedged items Income statement impact Amortization approach Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)
 $ (4,467) $ 4,367  $ (100) $ —  $ (79) $ — 
Foreign exchange(c)
 (818) 830  12  (115) 12  67 
Commodity(d)
 (1,536) 1,464  (72) —  (73) — 
Total $ (6,821) $ 6,661  $ (160) $ (115) $ (140) $ 67 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of
excluded components(e)
 OCI impact
Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Derivatives Hedged items Income statement impact Amortization approach Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)
 $ 1,021  $ (940) $ 81  $ —  $ 15  $ — 
Foreign exchange(c)
 412  (282) 130  (329) 130  (13)
Commodity(d)
 (1,118) 1,335  217  —  217  — 
Total $ 315  $ 113  $ 428  $ (329) $ 362  $ (13)
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of
excluded components(e)
 OCI impact
Six months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)		 Derivatives Hedged items Income statement impact Amortization approach Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)
 $ (11,537) $ 11,348  $ (189) $ —  $ (145) $ — 
Foreign exchange(c)
 (1,508) 1,518  10  (180) 10  212 
Commodity(d)
 (1,712) 1,611  (101) —  (110) — 
Total $ (14,757) $ 14,477  $ (280) $ (180) $ (245) $ 212 
(a)Primarily consists of hedges of the benchmark (e.g., Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)) interest rate risk of fixed-rate long-term debt and AFS securities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)Includes the amortization of income/expense associated with the inception hedge accounting adjustment applied to the hedged item. Excludes the accrual of interest on interest rate swaps and the related hedged items.
(c)Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of long-term debt and AFS securities for changes in spot foreign currency rates. Gains and losses related to the derivatives and the hedged items due to changes in foreign currency rates and the income statement impact of excluded components were recorded primarily in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.
(d)Consists of overall fair value hedges of physical commodities inventories that are generally carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value (net realizable value approximates fair value). Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(e)The assessment of hedge effectiveness excludes certain components of the changes in fair values of the derivatives and hedged items such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts, time values and cross-currency basis spreads. Excluded components may impact earnings either through amortization of the initial amount over the life of the derivative, or through fair value changes recognized in the current period.
(f)Represents the change in value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness under the amortization approach, predominantly cross-currency basis spreads. The amount excluded at inception of the hedge is recognized in earnings over the life of the derivative.


130

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated balance sheets related to certain cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that are expected to reverse through the income statement in future periods as an adjustment to yield.
Carrying amount of the hedged items(a)(b)
 Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items:
June 30, 2023
(in millions)
Active hedging relationships(d)
Discontinued hedging relationships(d)(e)
 Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS $ 136,444 
(c)
 $ (2,752) $ (3,462) $ (6,214)
Liabilities
Long-term debt 176,509  (5,857) (9,105) (14,962)
Carrying amount of the hedged items(b)(c)
 Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items:
December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Active hedging relationships(d)
Discontinued hedging relationships(d)(e)
 Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS $ 84,073 
(c)
 $ (4,149) $ (1,542) $ (5,691)
Liabilities
Long-term debt 175,257  (11,879) (3,313) (15,192)
(a)Excludes physical commodities with a carrying value of $12.8 billion and $26.0 billion at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, to which the Firm applies fair value hedge accounting. As a result of the application of hedge accounting, these inventories are carried at fair value, thus recognizing unrealized gains and losses in current periods. Since the Firm exits these positions at fair value, there is no incremental impact to net income in future periods.
(b)Excludes hedged items where only foreign currency risk is the designated hedged risk, as basis adjustments related to foreign currency hedges will not reverse through the income statement in future periods. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount excluded for AFS securities is $20.9 billion and $20.3 billion, respectively, and for long-term debt is $216 million and $221 million, respectively.
(c)Carrying amount represents the amortized cost, net of allowance if applicable. Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted the new portfolio layer method hedge accounting guidance which expanded the ability to hedge a portfolio of prepayable assets to allow more of the portfolio to be hedged. At June 30, 2023, the amortized cost of the portfolio layer method closed portfolios was $67.8 billion, of which $49.6 billion was designated as hedged. The cumulative amount of basis adjustments was $(1.1) billion, reflecting $(865) million and $(229) million for active and discontinued hedging relationships, respectively. Refer to Note 1 and Note 10 for additional information.
(d)Positive (negative) amounts related to assets represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will reduce (increase) net interest income in future periods. Positive (negative) amounts related to liabilities represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will increase (reduce) net interest income in future periods.
(e)Represents basis adjustments existing on the balance sheet date associated with hedged items that have been de-designated from qualifying fair value hedging relationships.
131

Cash flow hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in cash flow hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Firm includes the gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the change in cash flows on the related hedged item.
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Amounts reclassified
from AOCI to income		 Amounts recorded
in OCI		 Total change
in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
 $ (474) $ (1,199) $ (725)
Foreign exchange(b)
 9  80  71 
Total $ (465) $ (1,119) $ (654)
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)		 Amounts reclassified
from AOCI to income		 Amounts recorded
in OCI
Total change
in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
 $ 86  $ (1,509) $ (1,595)
Foreign exchange(b)
 (62) (241) (179)
Total $ 24  $ (1,750) $ (1,774)
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Amounts reclassified
from AOCI to income		 Amounts recorded
in OCI
Total change
in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
 $ (902) $ (738) $ 164 
Foreign exchange(b)
 (46) 186  232 
Total $ (948) $ (552) $ 396 
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Six months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)		 Amounts reclassified
from AOCI to income		 Amounts recorded
in OCI
Total change
in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
 $ 329  $ (4,870) $ (5,199)
Foreign exchange(b)
 (68) (316) (248)
Total $ 261  $ (5,186) $ (5,447)
(a)Primarily consists of hedges of SOFR-indexed floating-rate assets. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenue and expense. The income statement classification of gains and losses follows the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue and compensation expense.
The Firm did not experience any forecasted transactions that failed to occur for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Over the next 12 months, the Firm expects that approximately $(1.3) billion (after-tax) of net losses recorded in AOCI at June 30, 2023, related to cash flow hedges will be recognized in income. For cash flow hedges that have been terminated, the maximum length of time over which the derivative results recorded in AOCI will be recognized in earnings is approximately seven years, corresponding to the timing of the originally hedged forecasted cash flows. For open cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately seven years. The Firm’s longer-dated forecasted transactions relate to core lending and borrowing activities.









132

Net investment hedge gains and losses
The following table presents hedging instruments, by contract type, that were used in net investment hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such instruments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
2023 2022
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Amounts recorded in
income(a)(b)
 Amounts recorded in OCI
Amounts recorded in
income(a)(b)
 Amounts recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives $ 121  $ (88) $ (116) $ 3,520 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
2023 2022
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Amounts recorded in
income(a)(b)
 Amounts recorded in OCI
Amounts recorded in
income(a)(b)
 Amounts recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives $ 205  $ (1,092) $ (247) $ 3,858 
(a)Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. The Firm elects to record changes in fair value of these amounts directly in other income.
(b)Excludes amounts reclassified from AOCI to income on the sale or liquidation of hedged entities. Excludes amounts reclassified from AOCI to income on the sale or liquidation of hedged entities. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Firm reclassified a pre-tax loss of $41 million to other revenue related to the acquisition of CIFM. The amounts reclassified for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were not material. Refer to Note 21 for further information.
133

Gains and losses on derivatives used for specified risk management purposes
The following table presents pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on a limited number of derivatives, not designated in hedge accounting relationships, that are used to manage risks associated with certain specified assets and liabilities, including certain risks arising from mortgage commitments, warehouse loans, MSRs, wholesale lending exposures, and foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities.
Derivatives gains/(losses)
recorded in income
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
 $ (112) $ (309) $ (126) $ (538)
Credit(b)
 (67) 89  (163) 122 
Foreign exchange(c)
 41  6  43  (76)
Total $ (138) $ (214) $ (246) $ (492)
(a)Primarily represents interest rate derivatives used to hedge the interest rate risk inherent in mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs, as well as written commitments to originate warehouse loans. Gains and losses were recorded predominantly in mortgage fees and related income.
(b)Relates to credit derivatives used to mitigate credit risk associated with lending exposures in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. These derivatives do not include credit derivatives used to mitigate counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables, which is included in gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(c)Primarily relates to derivatives used to mitigate foreign exchange risk of specified foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
Gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives
The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet the needs of customers and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from its market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. All derivatives not included in the hedge accounting or specified risk management categories above are included in this category. Gains and losses on these derivatives are primarily recorded in principal transactions revenue. Refer to Note 6 for information on principal transactions revenue.































134

Credit derivatives
Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of credit derivatives. The following tables present a summary of the notional amounts of credit derivatives and credit-related notes the Firm sold and purchased as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Firm does not use notional amounts of credit derivatives as the primary measure of risk management for such derivatives, because the notional amount does not take into account the probability of the occurrence of a credit event, the recovery value of the reference obligation, or related cash instruments and economic hedges, each of which reduces, in the Firm’s view, the risks associated with such derivatives.
Total credit derivatives and credit-related notes
Maximum payout/Notional amount
June 30, 2023 (in millions) Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings(c)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(d)
Other protection purchased(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps $ (649,720) $ 677,813  $ 28,093  $ 5,774 
Other credit derivatives(a)
 (55,887) 73,831  17,944  13,765 
Total credit derivatives (705,607) 751,644  46,037  19,539 
Credit-related notes(b)
 —  —  —  8,064 
Total $ (705,607) $ 751,644  $ 46,037  $ 27,603 
Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2022 (in millions) Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings(c)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(d)
Other protection purchased(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps $ (495,557) $ 509,846  $ 14,289  $ 2,917 
Other credit derivatives(a)
 (47,165) 65,029  17,864 

11,746 
Total credit derivatives (542,722) 574,875  32,153  14,663 
Credit-related notes(b)
 —  —  —  7,863 
Total $ (542,722) $ 574,875  $ 32,153  $ 22,526 
(a)Other credit derivatives predominantly consist of credit swap options and total return swaps.
(b)Represents Other protection purchased by CIB, primarily in its market-making businesses.
(c)Represents the total notional amount of protection purchased where the underlying reference instrument is identical to the reference instrument on protection sold; the notional amount of protection purchased for each individual identical underlying reference instrument may be greater or lower than the notional amount of protection sold.
(d)Does not take into account the fair value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement, which would generally reduce the amount the seller of protection pays to the buyer of protection in determining settlement value.
(e)Represents protection purchased by the Firm on referenced instruments (single-name, portfolio or index) where the Firm has not sold any protection on the identical reference instrument.
The following tables summarize the notional amounts by the ratings, maturity profile, and total fair value, of credit derivatives as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, where JPMorgan Chase is the seller of protection. The maturity profile is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the credit derivative contracts. The ratings profile is based on the rating of the reference entity on which the credit derivative contract is based. The ratings and maturity profile of credit derivatives where JPMorgan Chase is the purchaser of protection are comparable to the profile reflected below.
Protection sold — credit derivatives ratings(a)/maturity profile
June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 <1 year 1–5 years >5 years Total
notional amount
Fair value of receivables(b)
Fair value of payables(b)
 Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade $ (103,323) $ (412,661) $ (37,836) $ (553,820) $ 4,357  $ (1,281) $ 3,076 
Noninvestment-grade (38,784) (106,800) (6,203) (151,787) 2,575  (3,606) (1,031)
Total $ (142,107) $ (519,461) $ (44,039) $ (705,607) $ 6,932  $ (4,887) $ 2,045 
December 31, 2022
(in millions)		 <1 year 1–5 years >5 years Total
notional amount
Fair value of receivables(b)
Fair value of payables(b)
 Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade $ (90,484) $ (294,791) $ (30,822) $ (416,097) $ 2,324  $ (1,495) $ 829 
Noninvestment-grade (33,244) (87,011) (6,370) (126,625) 1,267  (3,209) (1,942)
Total $ (123,728) $ (381,802) $ (37,192) $ (542,722) $ 3,591  $ (4,704) $ (1,113)
(a)The ratings scale is primarily based on external credit ratings defined by S&P and Moody’s.
(b)Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements including cash collateral netting.
135

Note 6 – Noninterest revenue and noninterest expense
Noninterest revenue
Refer to Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the components of and accounting policies for the Firm’s noninterest revenue.
Investment banking fees
The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Underwriting
Equity $ 317  $ 230  $ 550  $ 472 
Debt 704  711  1,376  1,685 
Total underwriting 1,021  941  1,926  2,157 
Advisory 492  645  1,236  1,437 
Total investment banking fees
 $ 1,513  $ 1,586  $ 3,162  $ 3,594 
Principal transactions
The following table presents all realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in principal transactions revenue. This table excludes interest income and interest expense on trading assets and liabilities, which are an integral part of the overall performance of the Firm’s client-driven market-making activities in CIB and fund deployment activities in Treasury and CIO. Refer to Note 7 for further information on interest income and interest expense.
Trading revenue is presented primarily by instrument type. The Firm’s client-driven market-making businesses generally utilize a variety of instrument types in connection with their market-making and related risk-management activities; accordingly, the trading revenue presented in the table below is not representative of the total revenue of any individual LOB.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Trading revenue by instrument type
Interest rate(a)
 $ 1,781  $ 376  $ 3,567  $ 845 
Credit(b)
 419  279 
(c)
 1,053  736 
(c)
Foreign exchange 1,435  1,425  2,986  2,749 
Equity 2,941  2,303  5,634  4,558 
Commodity 368  499  1,294  1,246 
Total trading revenue 6,944  4,882  14,534  10,134 
Private equity gains/(losses) (34) 108  (9) (39)
Principal transactions
 $ 6,910  $ 4,990  $ 14,525  $ 10,095 
(a)Includes the impact of changes in funding valuation adjustments on derivatives.
(b)Includes the impact of changes in credit valuation adjustments on derivatives, net of the associated hedging activities.
(c)Includes markdowns on held-for-sale positions, primarily unfunded commitments, in the bridge financing portfolio.

Lending- and deposit-related fees
The following table presents the components of lending- and deposit-related fees.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Lending-related fees(a)
 $ 590  $ 362  $ 959  $ 724 
Deposit-related fees 1,238  1,511  2,489  2,988 
Total lending- and deposit-related fees
 $ 1,828  $ 1,873  $ 3,448  $ 3,712 
(a)    Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
Deposit-related fees include the impact of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees.
Asset management fees
The following table presents the components of asset management fees.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Asset management fees
Investment management fees(a)(b)
 $ 3,695  $ 3,425  $ 7,085  $ 6,987 
All other asset management fees(c)
 79  92  154  182 
Total asset management fees $ 3,774  $ 3,517  $ 7,239  $ 7,169 
(a)Represents fees earned from managing assets on behalf of the Firm’s clients, including investors in Firm-sponsored funds and owners of separately managed investment accounts.
(b)Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(c)Represents fees for services that are ancillary to investment management services, such as commissions earned on the sales or distribution of mutual funds to clients.
Commissions and other fees
The following table presents the components of commissions and other fees.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Commissions and other fees
Brokerage commissions(a)
 $ 722  $ 738  $ 1,469  $ 1,548 
Administration fees(b)
 575  590  1,132  1,223 
All other commissions and fees (c)
 442  395  833  662 
Total commissions and other fees $ 1,739  $ 1,723  $ 3,434  $ 3,433 
(a)Represents commissions earned when the Firm acts as a broker, by facilitating its clients’ purchases and sales of securities and other financial instruments.
(b)Predominantly includes fees for custody, securities lending, funds services and securities clearance.
(c)Includes travel-related and annuity sales commissions, depositary receipt-related service fees, as well as other service fees, which are recognized as revenue when the services are rendered.
136

Card income
The following table presents the components of card income.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Interchange and merchant processing income
 $ 7,885  $ 7,214  $ 15,024  $ 13,449 
Rewards costs and partner payments (6,392) (5,641) (11,901) (10,511)
Other card income(a)
 (399) (440) (795) (830)
Total card income
 $ 1,094  $ 1,133  $ 2,328  $ 2,108 
(a)Predominantly represents the amortization of account origination costs and annual fees.
Refer to Note 15 for further information on mortgage fees and related income.
Other income
This revenue category includes operating lease income, as well as losses associated with the Firm’s tax-oriented investments, predominantly alternative energy equity-method investments in CIB.
The following table presents certain components of other income:
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
 
(in millions)		 2023 2022 2023 2022
Operating lease
income
 $ 716  $ 945  $ 1,471  $ 1,993 
Losses on tax-oriented investments(a)
 (462) (427) (874) (835)
Estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition(b)
 2,712  —  2,712  — 
Gain related to the acquisition of CIFM(c)
 —  —  339 
(a)    The losses associated with these tax-oriented investments are more than offset by lower income tax expense from the associated tax credits.
(b)    Refer to Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
(c)    Gain on the original minority interest in CIFM upon the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% of the entity.
Refer to Note 17 for information on operating lease income included within other income.

Noninterest expense
Other expense
Other expense on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income includes the following:
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Legal expense $ 420  $ 73  $ 596  $ 192 
FDIC-related expense 338  216  655  414 
First Republic-related expense(a)
 599  —  599  — 
(a)    Refer to Note 28 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
FDIC Special Assessment
In May 2023, the FDIC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking recommending a special assessment related to the systemic risk determination made on March 12, 2023, to recover losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund ("DIF") arising from the protection of uninsured depositors resulting from recent bank resolutions. In its current form, the rule would impose a special assessment at an annual rate of 12.5 basis points on certain banks’ estimated uninsured deposits reported as of December 31, 2022. The Firm expects to be subject to special assessments imposed by the FDIC to recover losses to the DIF.
137

Note 7 – Interest income and Interest expense
Refer to Note 7 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding interest income and interest expense.
The following table presents the components of interest income and interest expense.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Interest income
Loans(a)
 $ 20,306  $ 11,626  $ 38,014  $ 22,259 
Taxable securities 4,194  2,289  8,161  4,268 
Non-taxable securities(b)
 343  245  591  490 
Total investment securities(a)
 4,537  2,534  8,752  4,758 
Trading assets - debt instruments 4,013  2,049  7,659  3,816 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements 3,767  543  6,898  940 
Securities borrowed 1,866  173  3,582  86 
Deposits with banks 5,189  1,079  10,008  1,317 
All other interest-earning assets(c)
 1,966  642  3,735  966 
Total interest income $ 41,644  $ 18,646  $ 78,648  $ 34,142 
Interest expense
Interest-bearing deposits $ 9,591  $ 898  $ 17,228  $ 1,080 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements 3,400  445  6,204  558 
Short-term borrowings(d)
 428  113  849  157 
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing liabilities(e)
 2,373  471  4,344  662 
Long-term debt 3,876  1,561  7,189  2,637 
Beneficial interest issued by consolidated VIEs 197  30  344  48 
Total interest expense $ 19,865  $ 3,518  $ 36,158  $ 5,142 
Net interest income $ 21,779  $ 15,128  $ 42,490  $ 29,000 
Provision for credit losses 2,899  1,101  5,174  2,564 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses $ 18,880  $ 14,027  $ 37,316  $ 26,436 
(a)Includes the amortization/accretion of unearned income (e.g., purchase premiums/discounts and net deferred fees/costs).
(b)Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(c)Includes interest earned on brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)Includes commercial paper.
(e)All other interest-bearing liabilities includes interest expense on brokerage-related customer payables.
138

Note 8 – Pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans
Refer to Note 8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s pension and OPEB plans.
The following table presents the net periodic benefit costs reported in the Consolidated statements of income for the Firm’s defined benefit pension, defined contribution and OPEB plans.
(in millions) Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Pension and OPEB plans Pension and OPEB plans
Total net periodic defined benefit plan cost/(credit) $ (94) $ (75) $ (188) $ (139)
Total defined contribution plans
 397  357  762  701 
Total pension and OPEB cost included in noninterest expense
 $ 303  $ 282  $ 574  $ 562 
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair values of plan assets for the Firm’s significant defined benefit pension and OPEB plans were $20.5 billion and $19.9 billion, respectively.

139

Note 9 – Employee share-based incentives
Refer to Note 9 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the accounting policies and other information relating to employee share-based incentives.
The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee share-based incentive plans in its Consolidated statements of income.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Cost of prior grants of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance share units (“PSUs”) and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods $ 449  $ 378  $ 806  $ 649 
Accrual of estimated costs of share-based awards to be granted in future periods, predominantly those to full-career eligible employees 385  441  898  976 
Total noncash compensation expense related to employee share-based incentive plans $ 834  $ 819  $ 1,704  $ 1,625 
In the first quarter of 2023, in connection with its annual incentive grant for the 2022 performance year, the Firm granted 20 million RSUs and 801 thousand PSUs with weighted-average grant date fair values of $138.57 per RSU and $139.81 per PSU.
140

Note 10 – Investment securities
Investment securities consist of debt securities that are classified as AFS or HTM. Debt securities classified as trading assets are discussed in Note 2. Predominantly all of the Firm’s AFS and HTM securities are held by Treasury and CIO in connection with its asset-liability management activities. At June 30, 2023, the investment securities portfolio consisted of debt securities with an average credit rating of AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings).
Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted the portfolio layer method hedge accounting guidance which permitted a transfer of HTM securities to AFS upon adoption. The Firm

transferred obligations of U.S. states and municipalities with a carrying value of $7.1 billion resulting in the recognition of $38 million net pre-tax unrealized losses in AOCI. This transfer was a noncash transaction. Refer to Note 1 and Note 21 for additional information.
During 2022, the Firm transferred $78.3 billion of investment securities from AFS to HTM for capital management purposes. AOCI included pretax unrealized losses of $4.8 billion on the securities at the date of transfer.
Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the investment securities portfolio.
The amortized costs and estimated fair values of the investment securities portfolio were as follows for the dates indicated.
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Amortized cost(c)(d)
 Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair value
Amortized cost(c)(d)
 Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair value
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies $ 84,749  $ 326  $ 5,307  $ 79,768  $ 77,194  $ 479  $ 6,170  $ 71,503 
Residential:
U.S. 1,803  1  119  1,685  1,576  1  111  1,466 
Non-U.S. 1,861  4  6  1,859  3,176  5  27  3,154 
Commercial 2,223  1  168  2,056  2,113  —  155  1,958 
Total mortgage-backed securities 90,636  332  5,600  85,368  84,059  485  6,463  78,081 
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 63,998  297  1,558  62,737  95,217  302  3,459  92,060 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities 24,279  172  428  24,023  7,103  86  403  6,786 
Non-U.S. government debt securities 22,588  20  568  22,040  20,360  14  678  19,696 
Corporate debt securities 410  —  22  388  381  —  24  357 
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations 5,506  3  72  5,437  5,916  1  125  5,792 
Other 3,324  2  57  3,269  3,152  2  69  3,085 
Unallocated portfolio layer fair value
     basis adjustments(a)
 (865) —  (865) NA NA NA NA NA
Total available-for-sale securities 209,876  826  7,440  203,262 
(e)
 216,188  890  11,221  205,857 
Held-to-maturity securities(b)
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies 110,517  29  13,201  97,345  113,492  35  13,709  99,818 
U.S. Residential 10,293  3  1,206  9,090  10,503  3  1,244  9,262 
Commercial 10,712  7  741  9,978  10,361  10  734  9,637 
Total mortgage-backed securities 131,522  39  15,148  116,413  134,356  48  15,687  118,717 
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 202,655  —  16,825  185,830  207,463  —  18,363  189,100 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities 11,617  44  758  10,903  19,747  53  1,080  18,720 
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations 61,095  42  951  60,186  61,414  4  1,522  59,896 
Other 2,052  —  84  1,968  2,325  —  110  2,215 
Total held-to-maturity securities 408,941  125  33,766  375,300  425,305  105  36,762  388,648 
Total investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses $ 618,817  $ 951  $ 41,206  $ 578,562  $ 641,493  $ 995  $ 47,983  $ 594,505 
(a)Represents the amount of portfolio layer method basis adjustments related to AFS securities hedged in a closed portfolio. Under U.S. GAAP portfolio layer method basis adjustments are not allocated to individual securities, however the amounts impact the unrealized gains or losses for the individual securities being hedged. Refer to Note 1 and Note 5 for additional information.
(b)The Firm purchased $520 million and $4.1 billion of HTM securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $14.3 billion and $27.5 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.
(c)The amortized cost of investment securities is reported net of allowance for credit losses of $104 million and $96 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(d)Excludes $2.5 billion of accrued interest receivable at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Firm did not reverse through interest income any accrued interest receivable for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further discussion of accounting policies for accrued interest receivable on investment securities.
(e)As of June 30, 2023, included $25.8 billion of AFS securities associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
141

AFS securities impairment
The following tables present the fair value and gross unrealized losses by aging category for AFS securities at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The tables exclude U.S. Treasury and government agency securities and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS with unrealized losses of $6.9 billion and $9.6 billion, at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; changes in the value of these securities are generally driven by changes in interest rates rather than changes in their credit profile given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government.
Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 months 12 months or more
June 30, 2023 (in millions) Fair value Gross
unrealized losses		 Fair value Gross
unrealized losses		 Total fair value Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S.
$ 371  $ 7  $ 1,253  $ 112  $ 1,624  $ 119 
Non-U.S. 4  —  1,635  6  1,639  6 
Commercial 154  3  1,761  165  1,915  168 
Total mortgage-backed securities 529  10  4,649  283  5,178  293 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities 10,757  123  1,961  305  12,718  428 
Non-U.S. government debt securities 8,745  64  5,316  504  14,061  568 
Corporate debt securities 123  2  77  20  200  22 
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations 20  —  5,066  72  5,086  72 
Other 1,157  16  1,888  41  3,045  57 
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
 $ 21,331 
(a)
 $ 215  $ 18,957  $ 1,225  $ 40,288  $ 1,440 
Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 months 12 months or more
December 31, 2022 (in millions) Fair value Gross
unrealized losses		 Fair value Gross
unrealized losses		 Total fair value Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S. $ 1,187  $ 71  $ 260  $ 40  $ 1,447  $ 111 
Non-U.S. 2,848  25  70  2  2,918  27 
Commercial 1,131  74  813  81  1,944  155 
Total mortgage-backed securities 5,166  170  1,143  123  6,309  293 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities 3,051  241  364  162  3,415  403 
Non-U.S. government debt securities 6,941  321  3,848  357  10,789  678 
Corporate debt securities 150  2  207  22  357  24 
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations 3,010  61  2,701  64  5,711  125 
Other 2,586  51  256  18  2,842  69 
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses $ 20,904  $ 846  $ 8,519  $ 746  $ 29,423  $ 1,592 
(a)Includes the impact of the First Republic acquisition, primarily impacting obligations of U.S. states and municipalities. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
142

HTM securities – credit risk
Credit quality indicator
The primary credit quality indicator for HTM securities is the risk rating assigned to each security. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all HTM securities were rated investment grade and were current and accruing, with approximately 99% and 98% rated at least AA+, respectively.
Allowance for credit losses on investment securities
The allowance for credit losses on investment securities was $104 million and $47 million as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which included a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings related to the transfer of HTM securities to AFS for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further discussion of accounting policies for AFS and HTM securities.
Selected impacts of investment securities on the Consolidated statements of income
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Realized gains $ 198  $ 69  $ 329  $ 82 
Realized losses (1,098) (222) (2,097) (629)
Investment securities losses $ (900) $ (153) $ (1,768) $ (547)
Provision for credit losses $ 13  $ 6  $ 14  $ 5 
143

Contractual maturities and yields
The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value at June 30, 2023, of JPMorgan Chase’s investment securities portfolio by contractual maturity.
By remaining maturity
June 30, 2023 (in millions)		 Due in one
year or less		 Due after one year through five years Due after five years through 10 years
Due after
10 years(c)
 Total
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost $ 15  $ 3,622  $ 5,077  $ 81,922  $ 90,636 
Fair value 14  3,488  5,057  76,809  85,368 
(d)
Average yield(a)
 2.18  % 4.55  % 5.98  % 4.40  % 4.49  %
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost $ 7,471  $ 36,773  $ 13,276  $ 6,478  $ 63,998 
Fair value 7,384  35,699  13,300  6,354  62,737 
Average yield(a)
 0.35  % 4.56  % 5.97  % 6.52  % 4.56  %
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost $ 11  $ 72  $ 1,244  $ 22,952  $ 24,279 
Fair value 11  70  1,243  22,699  24,023 
(d)
Average yield(a)
 5.58  % 3.82  % 4.27  % 5.60  % 5.53  %
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Amortized cost $ 13,373  $ 3,423  $ 3,352  $ 2,440  $ 22,588 
Fair value 13,360  3,321  2,929  2,430  22,040 
Average yield(a)
 4.78  % 2.97  % 1.23  % 3.61  % 3.86  %
Corporate debt securities
Amortized cost $ 199  $ 227  $ 14  $ —  $ 440 
Fair value 151  224  13  —  388 
Average yield(a)
 15.97  % 11.75  % 4.10  % —  % 13.42  %
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost $ —  $ 1,313  $ 3,875  $ 3,642  $ 8,830 
Fair value —  1,291  3,836  3,579  8,706 
(d)
Average yield(a)
 —  % 3.46  % 5.98  % 6.06  % 5.64  %
Total available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost(b)
 $ 21,069  $ 45,430  $ 26,838  $ 117,434  $ 210,771 
Fair value 20,920  44,093  26,378  111,871  203,262 
(d)
Average yield(a)
 3.32  % 4.44  % 5.30  % 4.78  % 4.63  %
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost $ 99  $ 3,835  $ 10,482  $ 117,142  $ 131,558 
Fair value 97  3,555  9,212  103,549  116,413 
Average yield(a)
 6.21  % 2.75  % 2.53  % 2.99  % 2.95  %
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost $ 60,878  $ 92,403  $ 49,374  $ —  $ 202,655 
Fair value 59,517  85,053  41,260  —  185,830 
Average yield(a)
 0.46  % 0.93  % 1.27  % —  % 0.87  %
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost $ —  $ —  $ 640  $ 11,015  $ 11,655 
Fair value —  —  608  10,295  10,903 
Average yield(a)
 —  % —  % 4.39  % 4.04  % 4.06  %
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost $ —  $ 74  $ 21,388  $ 41,685  $ 63,147 
Fair value —  74  21,139  40,941  62,154 
Average yield(a)
 —  % 6.15  % 5.87  % 6.00  % 5.96  %
Total held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost(b)
 $ 60,977  $ 96,312  $ 81,884  $ 169,842  $ 409,015 
Fair value 59,614  88,682  72,219  154,785  375,300 
Average yield(a)
 0.47  % 1.00  % 2.66  % 3.80  % 2.42  %
(a)Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security owned at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and the effect of related hedging derivatives, including closed portfolio hedges. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable. The effective yield excludes unscheduled principal prepayments; and accordingly, actual maturities of securities may differ from their contractual or expected maturities as certain securities may be prepaid. However, for certain callable debt securities, the average yield is calculated to the earliest call date.
(b)For purposes of this table, the amortized cost of available-for-sale securities excludes the allowance for credit losses of $(30) million and the portfolio layer fair value hedge basis adjustments of $(865) million at June 30, 2023. The amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities also excludes the allowance for credit losses of $(74) million at June 30, 2023.
(c)Substantially all of the Firm’s U.S. residential MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations are due in 10 years or more, based on contractual maturity. The estimated weighted-average life, which reflects anticipated future prepayments, is approximately eight years for agency residential MBS, seven years for agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations, and six years for nonagency residential collateralized mortgage obligations.
(d)Includes AFS securities associated with the First Republic acquisition, primarily impacting due after 10 years. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
144

Note 11 – Securities financing activities
Refer to Note 11 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of accounting policies relating to securities financing activities. Refer to Note 3 for further information regarding securities financing agreements for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 25 for further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements.
The table below summarizes the gross and net amounts of the Firm’s securities financing agreements as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. When the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to a master netting agreement with a counterparty and where other relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP are met, the Firm nets, on the Consolidated balance sheets, the balances outstanding under its securities financing agreements with the same counterparty. In addition, the Firm exchanges securities and/or cash collateral with its counterparty to reduce the economic exposure with the counterparty, but such collateral is not eligible for net Consolidated balance
sheet presentation. Where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the counterparty master netting agreement, such collateral, along with securities financing balances that do not meet all these relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP, is presented in the table below as “Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets,” and reduces the “Net amounts” presented. Where a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, the securities financing balances are presented gross in the “Net amounts” below. In transactions where the Firm is acting as the lender in a securities-for-securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged or sold as collateral, the Firm recognizes the securities received at fair value within other assets and the obligation to return those securities within accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
June 30, 2023
(in millions) Gross amounts Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)
Net
amounts(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements
 $ 561,426  $ (235,867) $ 325,559  $ (319,986) $ 5,573 
Securities borrowed
 205,579  (42,016) 163,563  (119,543) 44,020 
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements $ 496,866  $ (235,867) $ 260,999  $ (226,664) $ 34,335 
Securities loaned and other(a)
 50,551  (42,016) 8,535  (8,457) 78 
December 31, 2022
(in millions) Gross amounts Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)
Net
amounts(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements
 $ 597,912  $ (282,411) $ 315,501  $ (304,120) $ 11,381 
Securities borrowed
 228,279  (42,910) 185,369  (131,578) 53,791 
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements $ 480,793  $ (282,411) $ 198,382  $ (167,427) $ 30,955 
Securities loaned and other(a)
 52,443  (42,910) 9,533  (9,527) 6 
(a)Includes securities-for-securities lending agreements of $5.0 billion and $7.0 billion at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender.
(b)In some cases, collateral exchanged with a counterparty exceeds the net asset or liability balance with that counterparty. In such cases, the amounts reported in this column are limited to the related net asset or liability with that counterparty.
(c)Includes securities financing agreements that provide collateral rights, but where an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement has not been either sought or obtained. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, included $4.5 billion and $6.0 billion, respectively, of securities purchased under resale agreements; $39.6 billion and $49.0 billion, respectively, of securities borrowed; $33.3 billion and $29.1 billion, respectively, of securities sold under repurchase agreements; and securities loaned and other which were not material at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
145

The tables below present as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022 the types of financial assets pledged in securities financing agreements and the remaining contractual maturity of the securities financing agreements.
Gross liability balance
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
 (in millions) Securities sold under repurchase agreements Securities loaned and other Securities sold under repurchase agreements Securities loaned and other
Mortgage-backed securities
U.S. GSEs and government agencies $ 72,006  $ —  $ 58,050  $ — 
Residential - nonagency 2,333  —  2,414  — 
Commercial - nonagency 2,178  —  2,007  — 
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies 223,411  987  191,254  1,464 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities 2,038  —  1,735  5 
Non-U.S. government debt 127,427  1,509  155,156  1,259 
Corporate debt securities 36,575  1,882  37,121  461 
Asset-backed securities 3,816  —  2,981  — 
Equity securities 27,082  46,173  30,075  49,254 
Total
 $ 496,866  $ 50,551  $ 480,793  $ 52,443 
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Overnight and continuous Greater than
90 days
June 30, 2023 (in millions) Up to 30 days 30 – 90 days Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements $ 268,240  $ 120,621  $ 30,120  $ 77,885  $ 496,866 
Total securities loaned and other 49,166  243  2  1,140  50,551 
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Overnight and continuous Greater than
90 days
December 31, 2022 (in millions) Up to 30 days 30 – 90 days Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements $ 205,235  $ 170,696  $ 37,120  $ 67,742  $ 480,793 
Total securities loaned and other 50,138  1,285  3  1,017  52,443 
Transfers not qualifying for sale accounting
At both June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Firm held $692 million of financial assets for which the rights have been transferred to third parties; however, the transfers did not qualify as a sale in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These transfers have been recognized as collateralized financing transactions. The transferred assets are recorded in trading assets and loans, and the corresponding liabilities are recorded predominantly in short-term borrowings on the Consolidated balance sheets.
146

Note 12 – Loans
Loan accounting framework
The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories:
•Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”)
•Loans held-for-sale
•Loans at fair value
Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of loans, including accounting policies. Refer to Note 3 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the Firm's elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. Refer to Note 2 of this Form 10-Q for information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets.
On January 1, 2023 the Firm adopted the Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures accounting guidance as discussed in Note 1. The adoption of this guidance eliminated the existing accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs, and implemented additional disclosure requirements for FDMs. The disclosure requirements for FDMs are effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion on loan modifications prior to January 1, 2023, which were accounted for and reported as TDRs. This new guidance also requires disclosure of current period gross charge-offs by vintage origination year, effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023.
Loan portfolio
The Firm’s loan portfolio, including loans of $149.8 billion associated with the First Republic acquisition, is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class.
Consumer, excluding
credit card		 Credit card
Wholesale(c)(d)
• Residential real estate(a)
• Auto and other(b)
 • Credit card loans
• Secured by real estate
• Commercial and industrial
• Other(e)
(a)Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM, and scored mortgage loans held in CIB.
(b)Includes scored auto, business banking loans and overdrafts in BWM and other consumer unsecured loans in CIB.
(c)Includes loans held in CIB, CB, AWM, Corporate as well as risk-rated BWM and auto dealer loans held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses.
(d)The wholesale portfolio segment's classes align with loan classifications as defined by the bank regulatory agencies, based on the loan's collateral, purpose, and type of borrower.
(e)Includes loans to financial institutions, states and political subdivisions, SPEs, nonprofits, personal investment companies and trusts, as well as loans to individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB). Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.
June 30, 2023 Consumer, excluding credit card Credit card Wholesale
Total(b)(c)
(in millions)
Retained $ 396,195 
(a)
 $ 191,348  $ 668,145 
(a)
 $ 1,255,688 
Held-for-sale 549  —  5,043  5,592 
At fair value 11,460 
(a)
 —  27,329 

38,789 
Total $ 408,204  $ 191,348  $ 700,517  $ 1,300,069 
December 31, 2022 Consumer, excluding credit card Credit card Wholesale
Total(b)(c)
(in millions)
Retained $ 300,753  $ 185,175  $ 603,670  $ 1,089,598 
Held-for-sale 618  —  3,352  3,970 
At fair value 10,004  —  32,075  42,079 
Total $ 311,375  $ 185,175  $ 639,097  $ 1,135,647 
(a)Includes loans associated with the First Republic acquisition consisting of $91.9 billion of retained loans and $1.9 billion loans at fair value in consumer, excluding credit card and $56.0 billion of retained loans in wholesale.
(b)Excludes $6.0 billion and $5.2 billion of accrued interest receivables as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivables written off was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(c)Loans (other than those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan fees or costs. These amounts were not material as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
147

The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. Loans that were reclassified to held-for-sale and sold in a subsequent period are excluded from the sales line of this table.
2023 2022
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions)		 Consumer, excluding
credit card		 Credit card Wholesale Total Consumer, excluding
credit card		 Credit card Wholesale Total
Purchases $ 92,002 
(b)(c)(d)
 $ —  $ 58,398 
(b)
 $ 150,400  $ 973 
(c)(d)
 $ —  $ 228  $ 1,201 
Sales 438  —  9,709  10,147  82  —  12,005  12,087 
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)
 81  —  771  852  66 

—  415  481 
2023 2022
Six months ended June 30, 2022
(in millions)		 Consumer, excluding
credit card		 Credit card Wholesale Total Consumer, excluding
credit card		 Credit card Wholesale Total
Purchases $ 92,081 
(b)(c)(d)
 $ —  $ 58,561 
(b)
 $ 150,642  $ 1,092 
(c)(d)
 $ —  $ 394  $ 1,486 
Sales 438  —  18,880  19,318  129  —  21,712  21,841 
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)
 124  —  1,085  1,209  142  —  688  830 
(a)Reclassifications of loans to held-for-sale are non-cash transactions.
(b)Includes loans acquired in the First Republic acquisition consisting of $91.9 billion in Consumer, excluding credit card and $58.4 billion in Wholesale.
(c)Includes purchases of residential real estate loans, including the Firm’s voluntary repurchases of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guidelines for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, FHA, RHS, and/or VA.
(d)Excludes purchases of retained loans of $1.6 billion and $6.0 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and $2.3 billion and $9.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are predominantly sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards.

Gains and losses on sales of loans
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments (including adjustments to record loans and lending-related commitments held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value) recognized in noninterest revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, was $14 million and $37 million, respectively, of which $16 million and $43 million, respectively, related to loans. Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was $(352) million and $(314) million, respectively, of which $(67) million and $(32) million, respectively, related to loans. In addition, the sale of loans may also result in write downs, recoveries or changes in the allowance recognized in the provision for credit losses.


148

Consumer, excluding credit card loan portfolio
Consumer loans, excluding credit card loans, consist primarily of scored residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto and business banking loans, with a focus on serving the prime consumer credit market. The portfolio also includes home equity loans secured by junior liens, prime mortgage loans with an interest-only payment period and certain payment-option loans that may result in negative amortization.
The following table provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.
(in millions) June 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
Residential real estate $ 328,010 
(a)
 $ 237,561 
Auto and other 68,185  63,192 
Total retained loans $ 396,195  $ 300,753 
(a)Included $91.9 billion of loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.
Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for consumer loans. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on consumer credit quality indicators.
149

Residential real estate
Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained residential real estate loans. The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
(in millions, except ratios) June 30, 2023
Term loans by origination year(f)
 Revolving loans Total
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior to 2019 Within the revolving period Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)(b)
Current(c)
 $ 13,596  $ 65,317  $ 86,325  $ 57,052  $ 22,211  $ 65,271  $ 7,584  $ 8,877  $ 326,233 
30–149 days past due
 3  19  44  29  41  710  39  216  1,101 
150 or more days past due
 —  6  2  6  10  473  3  176  676 
Total retained loans
 $ 13,599  $ 65,342  $ 86,371  $ 57,087  $ 22,262  $ 66,454  $ 7,626  $ 9,269  $ 328,010 
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(d)(e)
 0.02  % 0.04  % 0.05  % 0.06  % 0.23  % 1.75  % 0.55  % 4.23  % 0.54  %
Gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 52  $ 14  $ 4  $ 70 
(in millions, except ratios) December 31, 2022
Term loans by origination year(f)
 Revolving loans Total
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior to 2018 Within the revolving period Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)(b)
Current $ 39,934 $ 66,072 $ 43,315 $ 15,397 $ 6,339 $ 49,632 $ 5,589 $ 9,685 $ 235,963
30–149 days past due
 29 11 14 20 20 597 15 208 914
150 or more days past due
 1 1 6 10 7 480 4 175 684
Total retained loans
 $ 39,964 $ 66,084 $ 43,335 $ 15,427 $ 6,366 $ 50,709 $ 5,608 $ 10,068 $ 237,561
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(d)
 0.08  % 0.02  % 0.05  % 0.19  % 0.42  % 2.07  % 0.34  % 3.80  % 0.66  %
(a)Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
(b)At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which are still within their deferral period and performing according to their modified terms are generally not considered delinquent.
(c)Included $5.6 billion, $26.2 billion, $22.0 billion, $15.0 billion, $7.5 billion, and $12.9 billion of term loans originated in 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and prior to 2019, respectively, and $2.5 billion of revolving loans within the revolving period associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(d)Excludes mortgage loans that are 30 or more days past due insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(e)Included $158 million of 30+ days past due loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(f)Purchased loans are included in the year in which they were originated.


Approximately 37% of the total revolving loans are senior lien loans; the remaining balance are junior lien loans. The lien position the Firm holds is considered in the Firm’s allowance for credit losses. Revolving loans that have been converted to term loans have higher delinquency rates than those that are still within the revolving period. That is primarily because the fully-amortizing payment that is generally required for those products is higher than the minimum payment options available for revolving loans within the revolving period.
150

Nonaccrual loans and other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained residential real estate loans.
(in millions, except weighted-average data) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
 $ 3,641  $ 3,745 
Current estimated LTV ratios(f)(g)(h)
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660 $ 68  $ 2 
Less than 660 5  — 
101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660 569  174 
Less than 660 11  6 
80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660 17,260 
(l)
 12,034 
Less than 660 254  184 
Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660 298,791 
(l)
 215,096 
Less than 660 9,526 
(l)
 8,659 
No FICO/LTV available 1,526  1,406 
(k)
Total retained loans
 $ 328,010 
(m)
 $ 237,561 
Weighted average LTV ratio(f)(i)
 51  % 51  %
Weighted average FICO(g)(i)
 771  769 
Geographic region(j)(k)
California $ 128,038 
(n)
 $ 73,112 
New York 49,413 
(n)
 34,471 
Florida 22,518 
(n)
 18,870 
Texas 15,448  14,968 
Massachusetts 14,351 
(n)
 6,380 
Illinois 11,052  11,296 
Colorado 10,765  9,968 
Washington 9,778  9,060 
New Jersey 8,106  7,108 
Connecticut 7,142  5,432 
All other 51,399  46,896 
Total retained loans
 $ 328,010 
(m)
 $ 237,561 
(a)Includes collateral-dependent residential real estate loans that are charged down to the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual loans, regardless of their delinquency status. At June 30, 2023, approximately 9% of Chapter 7 residential real estate loans were 30 days or more past due.
(b)Mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies excluded from nonaccrual loans were not material at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(c)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.
(d)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $44 million and $45 million and $89 million and $90 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(e)Generally excludes loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
(f)Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.
(g)Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.
(h)Includes residential real estate loans, primarily held in LLCs in AWM that did not have a refreshed FICO score. These loans have been included in a FICO band based on management’s estimation of the borrower’s credit quality.
(i)Excludes loans with no FICO and/or LTV data available.
(j)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at June 30, 2023.
(k)Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
(l)Included $4.3 billion in equal to or greater than 660 FICO scores within 80% to 100% LTV ratio, and $85.3 billion and $1.2 billion in equal to or greater than 660 and less than 660 FICO scores, respectively, within less than 80% LTV ratio associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(m)Included $91.9 billion of loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(n)Included $55.5 billion, $15.2 billion, $3.6 billion and $8.0 billion in California, New York, Florida and Massachusetts, respectively, associated with the First Republic acquisition.


151

Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of residential real estate loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, which effective January 1, 2023, are reported as FDMs. The Firm's proprietary modification programs as well as government programs, including U.S. GSE programs, that generally provide various modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment delay and principal forgiveness that would otherwise have been required under the terms of the original agreement, are considered FDMs.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, residential real estate FDMs were $35 million and $75 million, respectively. The financial effects of the FDMs, which were largely in the form of term extensions and interest rate reductions, included extending the weighted-average life of the loans by 15 years and 18 years, and reducing the weighted-average contractual interest rate from 6.90% to 4.21% and 6.75% to 4.01% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. There were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs. In addition to FDMs, the Firm also had $33 million and $48 million of loans subject to a trial modification, and $3 million and $5 million of Chapter 7 loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The changes to the TDR accounting guidance eliminated the TDR reasonably expected and concession assessment criteria. Accordingly, trial modifications and Chapter 7 loans were considered TDRs, but not FDMs.
For periods ending prior to January 1, 2023, modifications of residential real estate loans where the Firm granted concessions to borrowers who were experiencing financial difficulty were generally accounted for and reported as TDRs. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, new TDRs were $115 million and $233 million, respectively. There were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose residential real estate loans have been modified in TDRs. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on TDRs.

Nature and extent of modifications
The following table provides information about how residential real estate loans were modified in TDRs during the period presented.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2022 2022
Number of loans approved for a trial modification
 1,165  2,691 
Number of loans permanently modified
 1,289  2,831 
Concession granted:(a)
Interest rate reduction
 45  % 56  %
Term or payment extension
 54  67 
Principal and/or interest deferred
 10  12 
Principal forgiveness 1  1 
Other(b)
 46  36 
(a)Represents concessions granted in permanent modifications as a percentage of the number of loans permanently modified. The sum of the percentages exceeds 100% because predominantly all of the modifications include more than one type of concession. Concessions offered on trial modifications are generally consistent with those granted on permanent modifications.
(b)Includes variable interest rate to fixed interest rate modifications and payment delays that meet the definition of a TDR.
Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
The following table provides information about the financial effects of the various concessions granted in modifications of residential real estate loans and about redefaults of certain loans modified in TDRs for the period presented.
(in millions, except weighted-average data) Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2022 2022
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR
 4.76  % 4.55  %
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR
 3.36  3.31 
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR
 22 23
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR
 38 39
Charge-offs recognized upon permanent modification
 $ 1  $ 1 
Principal deferred
 4  11 
Principal forgiven
 —  1 
Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of permanent modification(a)
 $ 27  $ 70 
(a)Represents loans permanently modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the period presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The dollar amount presented represents the balance of such loans at the end of the reporting period in which such loans defaulted.
152

Active and suspended foreclosure
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Firm had residential real estate loans, excluding those insured by U.S. government agencies, with a carrying value of $566 million and $565 million, respectively, that were not included in REO, but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.
Auto and other
Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained auto and other loans. The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
June 30, 2023

(in millions, except ratios)		 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior to 2019 Within the revolving period Converted to term loans Total
Loan delinquency
Current
 $ 17,763  $ 18,062  $ 16,287  $ 8,801  $ 2,765  $ 1,041  $ 2,544  $ 113  $ 67,376 
30–119 days past due 121  234  216  79  48  28  14  15  755 
120 or more days past due —  1  25  13  —  1  2  12  54 
Total retained loans $ 17,884  $ 18,297  $ 16,528  $ 8,893  $ 2,813  $ 1,070  $ 2,560  $ 140  $ 68,185 
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(a)
 0.68  % 1.28  % 1.26  % 0.83  % 1.71  % 2.71  % 0.63  % 19.29  % 1.11  %
Gross charge-offs $ 106  $ 168  $ 82  $ 28  $ 16  $ 30  $ —  $ 1  $ 431 
December 31, 2022

(in millions, except ratios)		 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior to 2018 Within the revolving period Converted to term loans Total
Loan delinquency
Current
 $ 22,187  $ 20,212  $ 11,401  $ 3,991  $ 1,467  $ 578  $ 2,342  $ 118  $ 62,296 
30–119 days past due 263  308  100  68  33  17  12  10  811 
120 or more days past due —  53  24  —  —  1  2  5  85 
Total retained loans $ 22,450  $ 20,573  $ 11,525  $ 4,059  $ 1,500  $ 596  $ 2,356  $ 133  $ 63,192 
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(a)
 1.17  % 1.15  % 0.83  % 1.68  % 2.20  % 3.02  % 0.59  % 11.28  % 1.18  %
(a)At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, auto and other loans excluded $50 million and $153 million, respectively, of PPP loans guaranteed by the SBA that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the SBA guarantee.


153

Nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained auto and other consumer loans.
(in millions) Total Auto and other
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)(c)
 $ 143  $ 129 
Geographic region(d)
California $ 10,353  $ 9,689 
Texas 8,070  7,216 
Florida 5,344  4,847 
New York 4,634  4,345 
Illinois 3,062  2,839 
New Jersey 2,462  2,219 
Pennsylvania 1,873  1,822 
Georgia 1,858  1,708 
Arizona 1,700  1,551 
Ohio 1,672  1,603 
All other 27,157  25,353 
Total retained loans $ 68,185  $ 63,192 
(a)At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, nonaccrual loans excluded $39 million and $101 million, respectively, of PPP loans 90 or more days past due and guaranteed by the SBA, of which $38 million and $76 million, respectively, were no longer accruing interest based on the guidelines set by the SBA. Typically the principal balance of the loans is insured and interest is guaranteed at a specified reimbursement rate subject to meeting the guidelines set by the SBA. There were no loans that were not guaranteed by the SBA that are 90 or more days past due and still accruing interest at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(b)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.
(c)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(d)The geographic regions presented in this table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at June 30, 2023.




















Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of auto and other loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, which effective January 1, 2023, are reported as FDMs. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, auto and other FDMs were not material and there were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers modified as FDMs.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, auto and other TDRs were not material.
154

Credit card loan portfolio
The credit card portfolio segment includes credit card loans originated and purchased by the Firm. Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for credit card loans.
Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on the credit card loan portfolio, including credit quality indicators.
The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

(in millions, except ratios)
 June 30, 2023
Within the revolving period Converted to term loans Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due
and still accruing
 $ 187,340  $ 755  $ 188,095 
30–89 days past due and still accruing
 1,580  68  1,648 
90 or more days past due and still accruing
 1,570  35  1,605 
Total retained loans $ 190,490  $ 858  $ 191,348 
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
 1.65  % 12.00  % 1.70  %
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans
 0.82  4.08  0.84 
Gross charge-offs $ 2,357  $ 75  $ 2,432 

(in millions, except ratios)
 December 31, 2022
Within the revolving period Converted to term loans Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due
and still accruing
 $ 181,793  $ 696  $ 182,489 
30–89 days past due and still accruing
 1,356  64  1,420 
90 or more days past due and still accruing
 1,230  36  1,266 
Total retained loans $ 184,379  $ 796  $ 185,175 
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
 1.40  % 12.56  % 1.45  %
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans
 0.67  4.52  0.68 

Other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on other credit quality indicators for retained credit card loans.
(in millions, except ratios) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Geographic region(a)
California $ 29,258  $ 28,154 
Texas 19,992  19,171 
New York 15,511  15,046 
Florida 13,439  12,905 
Illinois 10,457  10,089 
New Jersey 7,902  7,643 
Ohio 5,898  5,792 
Colorado 5,840  5,493 
Pennsylvania 5,549  5,517 
Arizona 4,647  4,487 
All other 72,855  70,878 
Total retained loans $ 191,348  $ 185,175 
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores
Equal to or greater than 660 86.4  % 86.8  %
Less than 660 13.4  13.0 
No FICO available 0.2  0.2 
(a)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at June 30, 2023.


155

Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of credit card loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, which effective January 1, 2023, are reported as FDMs. These modifications involve placing the customer on a fixed payment plan, generally for 60 months, and typically include reducing the interest rate on the credit card under long-term programs. If the cardholder does not comply with the modified payment terms, then the credit card loan continues to age and will ultimately be charged-off in accordance with the Firm's standard charge-off policy. In most cases, the Firm does not reinstate the borrower's line of credit.
The following tables provide information on credit card loan modifications considered FDMs.
Three months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Amortized
cost basis		 % of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans Financial effect of loan modification
Loan modification
Term extension and interest rate reduction(a)(b)
 $ 181  0.09  %
Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.27% to 3.57%
Total $ 181 
Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Amortized
cost basis		 % of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans Financial effect of loan modification
Loan modification
Term extension and interest rate reduction(a)(b)
 $ 326  0.17  %
Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 22.96% to 3.54%
Total $ 326 
(a)Term extension includes credit card loans whose terms have been modified under long-term programs by placing the customer on a fixed payment plan.
(b)The interest rates represent weighted average at enrollment.
For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Firm also had $26 million of loans subject to trial modifications. The changes to the TDR accounting guidance eliminated the TDR reasonably expected and concession assessment criteria. Accordingly, trial modifications are not considered FDMs.
The following table provides information on the payment status of FDMs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

(in millions)		 Amortized cost basis
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2023
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing $ 128  $ 264 
30-89 days past due and still accruing 32  38 
90 or more days past due and still accruing 21  24 
Total $ 181  $ 326 
There were $6 million FDMs that re-defaulted during both the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 which were a combination of term extension and interest rate reduction.
For credit card loans modified as FDMs, payment default is deemed to have occurred when the borrower misses two consecutive contractual payments. Defaulted modified credit card loans remain in the modification program and continue to be charged off in accordance with the Firm's standard charge-off policy.
For periods ending prior to January 1, 2023, modifications of credit card loans where the Firm granted concessions to borrowers who were experiencing financial difficulty were generally accounted for and reported as TDRs. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information on TDRs.
Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
The following table provides information about the financial effects of the concessions granted on credit card loans modified in TDRs and redefaults. New enrollments were less than 1% of total retained credit card loans.
(in millions, except
weighted-average data)		 Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2022 2022
Balance of new TDRs(a)
 $ 81  $ 163 
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – before TDR
 18.94  % 18.47  %
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – after TDR
 4.62  4.75 
Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of modification(b)
 $ 8  $ 17 
(a)Represents the outstanding balance prior to modification.
(b)Represents loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the period presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The amount presented represents the balance of such loans as of the end of the quarter in which they defaulted.

156

Wholesale loan portfolio
Wholesale loans include loans made to a variety of clients, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients, to small businesses and high-net-worth individuals. The primary credit quality indicator for wholesale loans is the internal risk rating assigned to each loan. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on these risk ratings.
Internal risk rating is the primary credit quality indicator for retained wholesale loans. The following tables provide information on internal risk rating and gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Secured by real estate Commercial and industrial
Other(b)
 Total retained loans
(in millions, except ratios) Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
 $ 120,652  $ 99,552  $ 74,505  $ 76,275  $ 256,821  $ 249,585  $ 451,978  $ 425,412 
Noninvestment-grade:
Noncriticized
 36,387  23,272  84,133  81,393  77,360  57,888  197,880  162,553 
Criticized performing
 4,314  3,662  9,980  8,974  1,400  1,106  15,694  13,742 
Criticized nonaccrual 518  246  1,437  1,018  638  699  2,593  1,963 
Total noninvestment-grade 41,219  27,180  95,550  91,385  79,398  59,693  216,167  178,258 
Total retained loans(a)
 $ 161,871  $ 126,732  $ 170,055  $ 167,660  $ 336,219  $ 309,278  $ 668,145  $ 603,670 
% of investment-grade to total retained loans
 74.54  % 78.55  % 43.81  % 45.49  % 76.39  % 80.70  % 67.65  % 70.47  %
% of total criticized to total retained loans
 2.99  3.08  6.71  5.96  0.61  0.58  2.74  2.60 
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans
 0.32  0.19  0.85  0.61  0.19  0.23  0.39  0.33 
(a)As of June 30, 2023 included $33.9 billion of Secured by real estate loans, $3.9 billion of Commercial and industrial loans, and $18.2 billion of Other loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(b)Includes loans to financial institutions, states and political subdivisions, SPEs, nonprofits, personal investment companies and trusts, as well as loans to individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB). Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
Secured by real estate

(in millions)		 June 30, 2023
Term loans by origination year Revolving loans
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior to 2019 Within the revolving period Converted to term loans Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade $ 6,381  $ 29,986  $ 26,336  $ 17,251  $ 16,256  $ 23,159  $ 1,283  $ —  $ 120,652 
Noninvestment-grade 2,606  11,527  8,058  4,225  4,270  9,251  1,280  2  41,219 
Total retained loans(a)
 $ 8,987  $ 41,513  $ 34,394  $ 21,476  $ 20,526  $ 32,410  $ 2,563  $ 2  $ 161,871 
Gross charge-offs $ —  $ 25  $ 21  $ —  $ —  $ 47  $ —  $ —  $ 93 
    
Secured by real estate

(in millions)		 December 31, 2022
Term loans by origination year Revolving loans
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior to 2018 Within the revolving period Converted to term loans Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade $ 24,134  $ 22,407  $ 14,773  $ 14,666  $ 5,277  $ 17,289  $ 1,006  $ —  $ 99,552 
Noninvestment-grade 6,072  5,602  3,032  3,498  2,395  5,659  920  2  27,180 
Total retained loans $ 30,206  $ 28,009  $ 17,805  $ 18,164  $ 7,672  $ 22,948  $ 1,926  $ 2  $ 126,732 
(a) As of June 30, 2023 included $3.0 billion, $11.0 billion, $6.3 billion, $4.4 billion, $3.0 billion, and $5.4 billion of retained loans originated in 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and prior to 2019, respectively, and $799 million of revolving loans within the revolving period associated with the First Republic acquisition.



157

Commercial and industrial

(in millions)		 June 30, 2023
Term loans by origination year Revolving loans
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior to 2019 Within the revolving period Converted to term loans Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade $ 10,777  $ 12,726  $ 6,324  $ 2,510  $ 1,314  $ 1,268  $ 39,585  $ 1  $ 74,505 

Noninvestment-grade 10,510  19,667  11,130  2,827  1,828  1,445  48,051  92  95,550 
Total retained loans(a)
 $ 21,287  $ 32,393  $ 17,454  $ 5,337  $ 3,142  $ 2,713  $ 87,636  $ 93  $ 170,055 
Gross charge-offs $ —  $ 6  $ 20  $ 1  $ 2  $ 6  $ 149  $ 4  $ 188 
Commercial and industrial

(in millions)		 December 31, 2022
Term loans by origination year Revolving loans
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior to 2018 Within the revolving period Converted to term loans Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade $ 21,072  $ 8,338  $ 3,045  $ 1,995  $ 748  $ 989  $ 40,087  $ 1  $ 76,275 

Noninvestment-grade 24,088  12,444  3,459  2,506  525  1,014  47,267  82  91,385 
Total retained loans
 $ 45,160  $ 20,782  $ 6,504  $ 4,501  $ 1,273  $ 2,003  $ 87,354  $ 83  $ 167,660 
(a) As of June 30, 2023 included $231 million, $764 million, $444 million, $346 million, $92 million, and $270 million of retained loans originated in 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and prior to 2019, respectively, and $1.7 billion of revolving loans within the revolving period associated with the First Republic acquisition.

Other(a)

(in millions)		 June 30, 2023
Term loans by origination year Revolving loans
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior to 2019 Within the revolving period Converted to term loans Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade $ 24,067  $ 21,496  $ 11,927  $ 10,970  $ 4,139  $ 7,700  $ 173,951  $ 2,571  $ 256,821 
Noninvestment-grade 6,821  12,769  6,803  2,368  760  2,083  47,735  59  79,398 
Total retained loans(b)
 $ 30,888  $ 34,265  $ 18,730  $ 13,338  $ 4,899  $ 9,783  $ 221,686  $ 2,630  $ 336,219 
Gross charge-offs $ —  $ —  $ 5  $ 5  $ —  $ —  $ 3  $ —  $ 13 
Other(a)

(in millions)		 December 31, 2022
Term loans by origination year Revolving loans
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior to 2018 Within the revolving period Converted to term loans Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade $ 32,121  $ 15,864  $ 13,015  $ 4,529  $ 2,159  $ 7,251  $ 171,049  $ 3,597  $ 249,585 
Noninvestment-grade 16,829  7,096  1,821  699  451  475  32,240  82  59,693 
Total retained loans
 $ 48,950  $ 22,960  $ 14,836  $ 5,228  $ 2,610  $ 7,726  $ 203,289  $ 3,679  $ 309,278 
(a)Includes loans to financial institutions, states and political subdivisions, SPEs, nonprofits, personal investment companies and trusts, as well as loans to individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB). Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
(b)As of June 30, 2023 included $128 million, $615 million, $708 million, $877 million, $168 million, and $1.3 billion of retained loans originated in 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and prior to 2019, respectively, $14.3 billion of revolving loans within the revolving period, and $55 million converted to term loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.

158

The following table presents additional information on retained loans secured by real estate, which consists of loans secured wholly or substantially by a lien or liens on real property at origination.

(in millions, except ratios)		 Multifamily Other commercial Total retained loans secured by real estate
Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022
Retained loans secured by real estate $ 100,732  $ 79,139  $ 61,139  $ 47,593  $ 161,871 
(a)
 $ 126,732 
Criticized 2,141  1,916  2,691  1,992  4,832  3,908 
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate 2.13  % 2.42  % 4.40  % 4.19  % 2.99  % 3.08  %
Criticized nonaccrual $ 56  $ 51  $ 462  $ 195  $ 518  $ 246 
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate
0.06  % 0.06  % 0.76  % 0.41  % 0.32  % 0.19  %
(a) Included $21.0 billion and $13.0 billion of Multifamily and Other commercial loans associated with the First Republic acquisition.
Geographic distribution and delinquency
The following table provides information on the geographic distribution and delinquency for retained wholesale loans.
Secured by real estate Commercial
 and industrial		 Other Total
 retained loans
(in millions) Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022
Loans by geographic distribution(a)(b)
Total U.S. $ 158,936  $ 123,740  $ 129,316  $ 125,324  $ 257,319  $ 230,525  $ 545,571  $ 479,589 
Total non-U.S. 2,935  2,992  40,739  42,336  78,900  78,753  122,574  124,081 
Total retained loans $ 161,871  $ 126,732  $ 170,055  $ 167,660  $ 336,219  $ 309,278 

$ 668,145  $ 603,670 
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
 $ 161,138  $ 126,083  $ 167,082  $ 165,415  $ 334,237  $ 307,511 

$ 662,457  $ 599,009 
30–89 days past due and still accruing
 215  402  1,317  1,127  1,232  1,015  2,764  2,544 
90 or more days past due and still accruing(c)
 —  1  219  100  112  53  331  154 
Criticized nonaccrual 518  246  1,437  1,018  638  699  2,593  1,963 
Total retained loans $ 161,871  $ 126,732  $ 170,055  $ 167,660  $ 336,219  $ 309,278 

$ 668,145  $ 603,670 
(a)The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.
(b)Borrowers associated with the First Republic acquisition are predominantly domiciled in the U.S.
(c)Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.
Nonaccrual loans
The following table provides information on retained wholesale nonaccrual loans.
 
(in millions)		 Secured by real estate Commercial
and industrial		 Other Total
retained loans
Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022
Nonaccrual loans
With an allowance $ 281  $ 172  $ 1,035  $ 686  $ 340  $ 487  $ 1,656  $ 1,345 
Without an allowance(a)
 237  74  402  332  298  212  937  618 
Total nonaccrual loans(b)
 $ 518  $ 246  $ 1,437  $ 1,018  $ 638  $ 699  $ 2,593  $ 1,963 
(a)When the discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the amortized cost of the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
159

Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of wholesale loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, which effective January 1, 2023, are reported as FDMs. The following tables provide information about Commercial and industrial and Other loan modifications considered FDMs.

(in millions)
 Commercial and industrial
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Amortized cost basis % of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans Financial effect of loan modification Amortized cost basis % of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans Financial effect of loan modification
Loan modification
Single modifications
Term extension $ 306  0.18  %
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 8 months
 $ 423  0.25  %
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 10 months
Other-than-insignificant payment delay 5  —  % Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor 5  —  % Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor
Multiple modifications
Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension $ 1  —  %
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by -191 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 17 months
 $ 1  —  %
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by -191 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 17 months
Term extension and principal forgiveness —  —  % 40  0.02  %
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 64 months and reduced amortized cost basis of the loans by $23mm
Total $ 312  $ 469 

(in millions)		 Other
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Amortized cost basis % of loan modifications to total retained Other loans Financial effect of loan modification Amortized cost basis % of loan modifications to total retained Other loans Financial effect of loan modification
Loan modification
Single modifications
Interest rate reduction $ 11  —  %
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 654 bps
 $ 11  —  %
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 654 bps
Term extension 38  0.01  %
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 3 months
 54  0.02  %
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 6 months
Multiple modifications
Payment Delay and Term Extension $ 235  0.07  %
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period and extended loans by a weighted-average of 144 months
 $ 235  0.07  %
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period and extended loans by a weighted-average of 144 months
Total $ 284  $ 300 
The following tables provide information on the payment status of Commercial and industrial and Other FDMs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
Amortized cost basis
Commercial and industrial Other
(in millions)
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing $ 242  $ 331  $ —  $ — 
30-89 days past due and still accruing —  —  —  — 
90 or more days past due and still accruing 3  3  —  — 
Criticized nonaccrual 67  135  284  300 
Total $ 312  $ 469  $ 284  $ 300 




160

The following table provides information on Commercial and industrial FDMs that re-defaulted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. There were no Other FDM re-defaults during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

(in millions)		 Amortized cost basis
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2023
Loan modification
Term extension 3  7 
Total(a)
 3  7 
(a)Represents FDMs that were 30 days or more past due
Additional commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose Commercial and industrial loans have been modified as FDMs were $438 million and $1.3 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
There were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties whose Other loans have been modified as FDMs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, Secured by real estate FDMs were $77 million and $85 million respectively. The financial effects of FDMs were largely term extensions which extended the loans by a weighted-average of nine months. There were no re-defaults during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and $1 million in modified term extensions that re-defaulted during the six months ended June 30, 2023. There were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
Prior to January 1, 2023, certain loan modifications were considered TDRs.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, new TDRs were $60 million and $479 million, respectively. New TDRs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 reflected extended maturity dates and covenant waivers primarily in the Commercial and Industrial loan class. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the impact of these modifications were not material to the Firm.
As a result of the elimination of the requirement to assess whether a modification is reasonably expected or involves a concession, the population of loans considered FDMs is greater than those previously considered TDRs.
161

Note 13 – Allowance for credit losses
The Firm's allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm's financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
On January 1, 2023 the Firm adopted the Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings accounting guidance as described in Note 1.
The adoption of this guidance eliminated the requirement to measure the allowance for TDRs using a DCF methodology and allowed the option of a non-DCF portfolio-based approach for modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. If a DCF methodology is still applied for these modified loans, the discount rate must be the post-modification effective interest rate, instead of the pre-modification effective interest rate.
The Firm elected to change from an asset-specific allowance approach to its non-DCF, portfolio-based allowance approach for modified loans to troubled borrowers for all portfolios except collateral-dependent loans and nonaccrual risk-rated loans, for which the asset-specific allowance approach will continue to apply.
This guidance was adopted under the modified retrospective method which resulted in a net decrease to the allowance for credit losses of $587 million and an increase to retained earnings of $446 million, after-tax predominantly driven by residential real estate and credit card.
Refer to Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the allowance for credit losses and the related accounting policies.

162

Allowance for credit losses and related information
The table below summarizes information about the allowances for credit losses and includes a breakdown of loans and lending-related commitments by impairment methodology. Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and Note 10 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the allowance for credit losses on investment securities.
2023
2022
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)		 Consumer, excluding
credit card		 Credit card Wholesale Total Consumer, excluding credit card Credit card Wholesale Total
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance at January 1, $ 2,040  $ 11,200  $ 6,486  $ 19,726  $ 1,765  $ 10,250  $ 4,371  $ 16,386 
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle(a)
 (489) (100) 2  (587) NA NA NA NA
Gross charge-offs 501  2,432  294  3,227  384  1,505  123  2,012 
Gross recoveries collected (247) (386) (46) (679) (311) (419) (43) (773)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) 254  2,046  248  2,548  73  1,086  80  1,239 
Provision for loan losses 751  2,546  2,067  5,364  237  1,236  1,125  2,598 
Other
 —  —  25  25  —  —  5  5 
Ending balance at June 30, $ 2,048  $ 11,600  $ 8,332  $ 21,980  $ 1,929  $ 10,400  $ 5,421  $ 17,750 
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance at January 1,
 $ 76  $ —  $ 2,306  $ 2,382  $ 113  $ —  $ 2,148  $ 2,261 
Provision for lending-related commitments
 52  —  (253) (201) (2) —  (37) (39)
Other
 1  —  4  5  (1) —  1  — 
Ending balance at June 30, $ 129  $ —  $ 2,057  $ 2,186  $ 110  $ —  $ 2,112  $ 2,222 
Total allowance for investment securities 104  NA NA NA 47 
Total allowance for credit losses(b)(c)
 $ 2,177  $ 11,600  $ 10,389  $ 24,270  $ 2,039  $ 10,400  $ 7,533  $ 20,019 
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Asset-specific(d)
 $ (971) $ —  $ 478  $ (493) $ (676) $ 227  $ 332  $ (117)
Portfolio-based 3,019  11,600  7,854  22,473  2,605  10,173  5,089  17,867 
Total allowance for loan losses $ 2,048  $ 11,600  $ 8,332  $ 21,980  $ 1,929  $ 10,400  $ 5,421  $ 17,750 
Loans by impairment methodology
Asset-specific(d)
 $ 3,439  $ —  $ 2,587  $ 6,026  $ 12,683  $ 827  $ 2,408  $ 15,918 
Portfolio-based 392,756  191,348  665,558  1,249,662  289,948  164,667  581,857  1,036,472 
Total retained loans $ 396,195  $ 191,348  $ 668,145  $ 1,255,688  $ 302,631  $ 165,494  $ 584,265  $ 1,052,390 
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs $ 5  $ —  $ 77  $ 82  $ (15) $ —  $ 8  $ (7)
Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell
 3,388  —  762  4,150  3,935  —  607  4,542 
Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific
 $ —  $ —  $ 65  $ 65  $ —  $ —  $ 78  $ 78 
Portfolio-based
 129  —  1,992  2,121  110  —  2,034  2,144 
Total allowance for lending-related commitments(e)
 $ 129  $ —  $ 2,057  $ 2,186  $ 110  $ —  $ 2,112  $ 2,222 
Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific
 $ —  $ —  $ 332  $ 332  $ —  $ —  $ 397  $ 397 
Portfolio-based(f)
 32,428  —  521,408  553,836  26,809  —  458,038  484,847 
Total lending-related commitments
 $ 32,428  $ —  $ 521,740  $ 554,168  $ 26,809  $ —  $ 458,435  $ 485,244 
(a)Represents the impact to the allowance for loan losses upon the adoption of the Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings accounting guidance.
(b)At June 30, 2023, in addition to the allowance for credit losses in the table above, the Firm also had an allowance for credit losses of $18 million associated with certain accounts receivable in CIB.
(c)As of June 30, 2023 included $1.2 billion allowance for credit losses associated with the First Republic acquisition.
(d)Includes collateral-dependent loans, including those for which foreclosure is deemed probable, and nonaccrual risk-rated loans for all periods presented. Prior periods also include non collateral-dependent TDRs or reasonably expected TDRs and modified PCD loans.
(e)The allowance for lending-related commitments is reported in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(f)At June 30, 2023 and 2022, lending-related commitments excluded $18.4 billion and $13.7 billion, respectively, for the consumer, excluding credit card portfolio segment; $881.5 billion and $774.0 billion, respectively, for the credit card portfolio segment; and $19.3 billion and $29.1 billion, respectively, for the wholesale portfolio segment, which were not subject to the allowance for lending-related commitments. Prior period amount for wholesale lending-related commitments, including the amount not subject to allowance, has been revised to conform with the current presentation.




163

Discussion of changes in the allowance
The allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2023 was $24.3 billion, reflecting a net addition of $2.7 billion from December 31, 2022.
The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included $1.5 billion, consisting of:
•$819 million in wholesale, predominantly driven by net downgrade activity, updates to certain assumptions related to office real estate in CB in the second quarter of 2023, and the impact of the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, and
•$649 million in consumer, predominantly driven by Card Services, reflecting loan growth, the net effect of changes in the Firm's macroeconomic outlook, including the impact from the weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking in the third quarter of 2024, and the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by reduced borrower uncertainty.
The net addition also included $1.2 billion to establish the allowance for the First Republic loans and lending-related commitments in the second quarter of 2023.
The Firm has maintained the additional weight placed on the relative adverse scenario in the first quarter of 2023, reflecting an increased probability of a moderate recession due to tightening financial conditions.
The allowance for credit losses also reflected a reduction of $587 million as a result of the adoption of changes to the TDR accounting guidance on January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
The Firm's allowance for credit losses is estimated using a weighted average of five internally developed macroeconomic scenarios. The adverse scenarios incorporate more punitive macroeconomic factors than the central case assumptions provided in the table below, resulting in a weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking at 5.8% in the third quarter of 2024, and a 1.5% lower U.S. real GDP exiting the fourth quarter of 2024.
The Firm’s central case assumptions reflected U.S. unemployment rates and U.S. real GDP as follows:
Assumptions at June 30, 2023
4Q23 2Q24 4Q24
U.S. unemployment rate(a)
 4.2  % 4.9  % 5.0  %
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)
 0.5  % —  % 1.0  %
Assumptions at December 31, 2022
2Q23 4Q23 2Q24
U.S. unemployment rate(a)
 3.8  % 4.3  % 5.0  %
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)
 1.5  % 0.4  % —  %
(a)Reflects quarterly average of forecasted U.S. unemployment rate.
(b)The year over year growth in U.S. real GDP in the forecast horizon of the central scenario is calculated as the percentage change in U.S. real GDP levels from the prior year.
Subsequent changes to this forecast and related estimates will be reflected in the provision for credit losses in future periods.
Refer to Note 13 and Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a description of the policies, methodologies and judgments used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses on loans, lending-related commitments, and investment securities.
Refer to Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 65-69, Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 70-79 and Note 12 for additional information on the consumer and wholesale credit portfolios.
Refer to Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 91-93 for further information on the allowance for credit losses and related management judgments.


164

Note 14 – Variable interest entities
Refer to Note 1 and Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further description of the Firm's accounting policies and involvement with VIEs.
The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment. The Firm considers a “Firm-sponsored” VIE to include any entity where: (1) JPMorgan Chase is the primary beneficiary of the structure; (2) the VIE is used by JPMorgan Chase to securitize Firm assets; (3) the VIE issues financial instruments with the JPMorgan Chase name; or (4) the entity is a JPMorgan Chase–administered asset-backed commercial paper conduit.
Line of Business Transaction Type Activity Form 10-Q page references
CCB Credit card securitization trusts Securitization of originated credit card receivables 165
Mortgage securitization trusts Servicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages 165-167
CIB Mortgage and other securitization trusts Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and other consumer loans 165-167
Multi-seller conduits Assisting clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structuring transactions to meet investor needs 167
Municipal bond vehicles Financing of municipal bond investments 167
The Firm also invests in and provides financing and other services to VIEs sponsored by third parties. Refer to pages 168-169 of this Note for more information on consolidated VIE assets and liabilities as well as the VIEs sponsored by third parties.
Significant Firm-sponsored VIEs
Credit card securitizations
As a result of the Firm’s continuing involvement, the Firm is considered to be the primary beneficiary of its Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trust, the Chase Issuance Trust.
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts
The Firm securitizes (or has securitized) originated and purchased residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans primarily in its CCB and CIB businesses. Depending on the particular transaction, as well as the respective business involved, the Firm may act as the servicer of the loans and/or retain certain beneficial interests in the securitization trusts.
165

The following tables present the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans, holding senior interests or subordinated interests (including amounts required to be held pursuant to credit
risk retention rules), recourse or guarantee arrangements, and derivative contracts. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. The Firm’s maximum loss exposure from retained and purchased interests is the carrying value of these interests.
Principal amount outstanding
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
June 30, 2023 (in millions) Total assets held by securitization VIEs Assets
held in consolidated securitization VIEs		 Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement Trading assets  Investment securities Other financial assets Total interests held by JPMorgan
Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs $ 56,604  $ 715  $ 38,439  $ 681  $ 2,060  $ 23  $ 2,764 
Subprime 9,300  —  1,353  4  —  4 
Commercial and other(b)
 162,779  —  127,826  893  5,443  668  7,004 
Total $ 228,683  $ 715  $ 167,618  $ 1,578  $ 7,503  $ 691  $ 9,772 
Principal amount outstanding
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2022 (in millions) Total assets held by securitization VIEs Assets
held in consolidated securitization VIEs		 Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement Trading assets  Investment securities Other financial assets Total interests held by
JPMorgan
Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs $ 55,362  $ 754  $ 37,058  $ 744  $ 1,918  $ —  $ 2,662 
Subprime 9,709  —  1,743  10  —  —  10 
Commercial and other(b)
 164,915  —  127,037  888  5,373  670  6,931 
Total $ 229,986  $ 754  $ 165,838  $ 1,642  $ 7,291  $ 670  $ 9,603 
(a)Excludes U.S. GSEs and government agency securitizations and re-securitizations, which are not Firm-sponsored.
(b)Consists of securities backed by commercial real estate loans and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables.
(c)Excludes the following: retained servicing; securities retained from loan sales and securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities; senior securities of $104 million and $134 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and subordinated securities which were $92 million and $34 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.
(d)Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.
(e)As of both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 84% of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are predominantly carried at fair value and include amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $2.7 billion and $2.6 billion of investment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and noninvestment-grade retained interests were not material at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The retained interests in commercial and other securitization trusts consisted of $5.9 billion and $5.8 billion of investment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively, and $1.1 billion of noninvestment-grade retained interests at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
166

Residential mortgage
The Firm securitizes residential mortgage loans originated by CCB, as well as residential mortgage loans purchased from third parties by either CCB or CIB.
Commercial mortgages and other consumer securitizations
CIB originates and securitizes commercial mortgage loans, and engages in underwriting and trading activities involving the securities issued by securitization trusts.
Re-securitizations
The following table presents the principal amount of securities transferred to re-securitization VIEs.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Transfers of securities to VIEs
U.S. GSEs and government agencies $ 6,261  $ 7,373  $ 9,667  $ 13,449 
The Firm did not transfer any private label securities to re-securitization VIEs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and retained interests in any such Firm-sponsored VIEs as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were not material.
The following table presents information on the Firm's interests in nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs.
Nonconsolidated
re-securitization VIEs
(in millions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Interest in VIEs
 $ 3,412  $ 2,580 
As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Firm did not consolidate any U.S. GSE and government agency re-securitization VIEs or any Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitization VIEs.
Multi-seller conduits
In the normal course of business, JPMorgan Chase makes markets in and invests in commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The Firm held $12.4 billion and $13.8 billion of the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, which have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm’s investments reflect the Firm’s funding needs and capacity and were not driven by market illiquidity. Other than the amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, the Firm is not obligated under any agreement to purchase the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits.
Deal-specific liquidity facilities, program-wide liquidity and credit enhancement provided by the Firm have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm or the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits provide lending-related commitments to certain clients of the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The unfunded commitments were $11.3 billion and $10.6 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are reported as off-balance sheet lending-related commitments in other unfunded commitments to extend credit. Refer to Note 24 for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
Municipal bond vehicles
Municipal bond vehicles or tender option bond (“TOB”) trusts allow institutions to finance their municipal bond investments at short-term rates. TOB transactions are known as customer TOB trusts and non-customer TOB trusts. Customer TOB trusts are sponsored by a third party.
The Firm serves as sponsor for all non-customer TOB transactions.
167

Consolidated VIE assets and liabilities
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Assets Liabilities
June 30, 2023 (in millions) Trading assets Loans
Other(c)
 Total
assets(d)
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
 Total
liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts $ — $ 9,168 $ 82 $ 9,250 $ 999 $ 2 $ 1,001
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits 1 28,598 169 28,768 16,383 31 16,414
Municipal bond vehicles 2,313 — 21 2,334 2,133 10 2,143
Mortgage securitization entities(a)
 — 733 10 743 132 60 192
Other 54 626
(b)
 250 930 — 144 144
Total $ 2,368 $ 39,125 $ 532 $ 42,025 $ 19,647 $ 247 $ 19,894
Assets Liabilities
December 31, 2022 (in millions) Trading assets Loans
Other(c)
 Total
assets(d)
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
 Total
liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts $ — $ 9,699 $ 100 $ 9,799 $ 1,999 $ 2 $ 2,001
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits — 22,819 170 22,989 9,236 39 9,275
Municipal bond vehicles 2,089 — 7 2,096 1,232 10 1,242
Mortgage securitization entities(a)
 — 781 10 791 143 67 210
Other 62 1,112
(b)
 263 1,437 — 161 161
Total $ 2,151 $ 34,411 $ 550 $ 37,112 $ 12,610 $ 279 $ 12,889
(a)Includes residential mortgage securitizations.
(b)Primarily includes purchased supply chain finance receivables and purchased auto loan securitizations in CIB.
(c)Includes assets classified as cash and other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The assets and liabilities include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.
(e)The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified in the line item on the Consolidated balance sheets titled, “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs”. The holders of these beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $1.1 billion and $2.1 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(f)Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
VIEs sponsored by third parties
The Firm enters into transactions with VIEs structured by other parties. These include, for example, acting as a derivative counterparty, liquidity provider, investor, underwriter, placement agent, remarketing agent, trustee or custodian. These transactions are conducted at arm’s-length, and individual credit decisions are based on the analysis of the specific VIE, taking into consideration the quality of the underlying assets. Where the Firm does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, or a variable interest that could potentially be significant, the Firm generally does not consolidate the VIE, but it records and reports these positions on its Consolidated balance sheets in the same manner it would record and report positions in respect of any other third-party transaction.
Tax credit vehicles
The Firm holds investments in unconsolidated tax credit vehicles, which are limited partnerships and similar entities that own and operate affordable housing, energy, and other projects. These entities are primarily considered VIEs. A third party is typically the general partner or managing
member and has control over the significant activities of the tax credit vehicles, and accordingly the Firm does not consolidate tax credit vehicles. The Firm generally invests in these partnerships as a limited partner and earns a return primarily through the receipt of tax credits allocated to the projects. The maximum loss exposure, represented by equity investments and funding commitments, was $32.4 billion and $30.2 billion at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, of which $12.6 billion and $10.6 billion was unfunded at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Firm assesses each project and to reduce the risk of loss, may withhold varying amounts of its capital investment until the project qualifies for tax credits. Refer to Note 25 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on affordable housing tax credits and Note 24 of this Form 10-Q for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
168

Customer municipal bond vehicles (TOB trusts)
The Firm may provide various services to customer TOB trusts, including remarketing agent, liquidity or tender option provider. In certain customer TOB transactions, the Firm, as liquidity provider, has entered into a reimbursement agreement with the Residual holder.
In those transactions, upon the termination of the vehicle, the Firm has recourse to the third-party Residual holders for any shortfall. The Firm does not have any intent to protect Residual holders from potential losses on any of the underlying municipal bonds. The Firm does not consolidate customer TOB trusts, since the Firm does not have the
power to make decisions that significantly impact the economic performance of the municipal bond vehicle.
The Firm’s maximum exposure as a liquidity provider to customer TOB trusts at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $5.9 billion and $5.8 billion, respectively. The fair value of assets held by such VIEs at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $8.2 billion.
Loan securitizations
The Firm has securitized and sold a variety of loans, including residential mortgages, credit card receivables, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans.
Securitization activity
The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, related to assets held in Firm-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved at the time of the securitization.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
(in millions)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Principal securitized $ 2,216  $ 376  $ 3,028  $ 3,950  $ 3,289  $ 376  $ 9,523  $ 7,058 
All cash flows during the period:(a)
Proceeds received from loan sales as financial instruments(b)(c)
 $ 2,123  $ 380  $ 2,754  $ 3,869  $ 3,153  $ 380  $ 9,129  $ 6,975 
Servicing fees collected 6  1  20  —  12  1  44  — 
Cash flows received on interests
 86  91  127  54  160  178  282  125 
(a)Excludes re-securitization transactions.
(b)Predominantly includes Level 2 assets.
(c)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.
(d)Represents prime mortgages. Excludes loan securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.
(e)Includes commercial mortgage and other consumer loans.
Loans and excess MSRs sold to U.S. government-sponsored
enterprises and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to
Ginnie Mae guidelines
In addition to the amounts reported in the securitization activity tables above, the Firm, in the normal course of business, sells originated and purchased mortgage loans and certain originated excess MSRs on a nonrecourse basis, predominantly to U.S. GSEs. These loans and excess MSRs are sold primarily for the purpose of securitization by the U.S. GSEs, who provide certain guarantee provisions (e.g., credit enhancement of the loans). The Firm also sells loans into securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines; these loans are typically insured or guaranteed by another U.S. government agency. The Firm does not consolidate the securitization vehicles underlying these transactions as it is not the primary beneficiary. For a limited number of loan sales, the Firm is obligated to share
a portion of the credit risk associated with the sold loans with the purchaser. Refer to Note 24 of this Form 10-Q for additional information about the Firm’s loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications and Note 15 for additional information about the impact of the Firm’s sale of certain excess MSRs.
169

The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Carrying value of loans sold
 $ 6,323  $ 10,721  $ 9,021  $ 34,389 
Proceeds received from loan sales as cash
 33  4  40  13 
Proceeds from loan sales as securities(a)(b)
 6,220  10,551  8,882  33,809 
Total proceeds received from loan sales(c)
 $ 6,253  $ 10,555  $ 8,922  $ 33,822 
Gains/(losses) on loan sales(d)(e)
 $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
(a)Includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt or retained as part of the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.
(b)Included in level 2 assets.
(c)Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans.
(d)Gains/(losses) on loan sales include the value of MSRs.
(e)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.
Options to repurchase delinquent loans
In addition to the Firm’s obligation to repurchase certain loans due to material breaches of representations and warranties as discussed in Note 24, the Firm also has the option to repurchase delinquent loans that it services for Ginnie Mae loan pools, as well as for other U.S. government
agencies under certain arrangements. The Firm typically elects to repurchase delinquent loans from Ginnie Mae loan pools as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with the applicable requirements, and such loans continue to be insured or guaranteed. When the Firm’s repurchase option becomes exercisable, such loans must be reported on the Consolidated balance sheets as a loan with a corresponding liability. Refer to Note 12 for additional information.
The following table presents loans the Firm repurchased or had an option to repurchase, real estate owned, and foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans recognized on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Substantially all of these loans and real estate are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.
(in millions) June 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
Loans repurchased or option to repurchase(a)
 $ 752  $ 839 
Real estate owned
 9  10 
Foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans(b)
 23  27 
(a)Predominantly all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools.
(b)Relates to voluntary repurchases of loans, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable.

Loan delinquencies and liquidation losses
The table below includes information about components of and delinquencies related to nonconsolidated securitized financial assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, in which the Firm has continuing involvement as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Net liquidation losses/(recoveries)
Securitized assets 90 days past due Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Securitized loans
Residential mortgage:
Prime / Alt-A & option ARMs $ 38,439  $ 37,058  $ 482  $ 511  $ 3  $ (21) $ 10  $ (27)
Subprime 1,353  1,743  141  212  2  (3) 4  (3)
Commercial and other 127,826  127,037  1,231  948  —  5  19  11 
Total loans securitized $ 167,618  $ 165,838  $ 1,854  $ 1,671  $ 5  $ (19) $ 33  $ (19)
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Note 15 – Goodwill and Mortgage servicing rights
Refer to Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the accounting policies related to goodwill and mortgage servicing rights.
Goodwill
The following table presents goodwill attributed to the reportable business segments and Corporate.
(in millions) June 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
Consumer & Community Banking $ 32,116  $ 32,121 
Corporate & Investment Bank 8,253  8,008 
Commercial Banking 2,985  2,985 
Asset & Wealth Management 8,344  7,902 
Corporate 682  646 
Total goodwill $ 52,380  $ 51,662 
The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Balance at beginning of period $ 52,144  $ 50,298  $ 51,662  $ 50,315 
Changes during the period from:
Business combinations(a)
 236  470  687  470 
Other(b)
 —  (71) 31  (88)
Balance at June 30, $ 52,380  $ 50,697  $ 52,380  $ 50,697 
(a)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, represents estimated goodwill associated with the acquisition of Aumni Inc. in CIB in the second quarter, and the acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in CIFM in AWM in the first quarter. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, represents estimated goodwill associated with the acquisitions of Frosch Travel Group, LLC in CCB and Volkswagen Payments S.A. in CIB.
(b)Predominantly foreign currency adjustments.
Goodwill impairment testing
Goodwill is tested for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more often if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that there may be an impairment. Refer to Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s goodwill impairment testing.
Unanticipated declines in business performance, increases in credit losses, increases in capital requirements, as well as deterioration in economic or market conditions, adverse regulatory or legislative changes or increases in the estimated market cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm’s reporting units to decline in the future, which could result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.
As of June 30, 2023, the Firm reviewed current economic conditions, estimated market cost of equity, as well as actual business results and projections of business performance. Based on such reviews, the Firm has concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of June 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022, nor was goodwill written off due to impairment during the six months ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.
171

Mortgage servicing rights
MSRs represent the fair value of expected future cash flows for performing servicing activities for others. The fair value considers estimated future servicing fees and ancillary revenue, offset by estimated costs to service the loans, and generally declines over time as net servicing cash flows are received, effectively amortizing the MSR asset against contractual servicing and ancillary fee income. MSRs are either purchased from third parties or recognized upon sale or securitization of mortgage loans if servicing is retained. Refer to Notes 2 and 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further description of the MSR asset, interest rate risk management, and the valuation of MSRs.
The following table summarizes MSR activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,		 As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Fair value at beginning of period $ 7,755  $ 7,294  $ 7,973  $ 5,494 
MSR activity:
Originations of MSRs 78  181  110  596 
Purchase of MSRs(a)
 468  160  467  875 
Disposition of MSRs(b)
 (92) (614) (90) (671)
Net additions/(dispositions) 454  (273) 487  800 
Changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows
 (255) (236) (495) (468)
Changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions:
Changes due to market interest rates and other(c)
 283  653  261  1,547 
Changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions:
Projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service)
 2  —  2  — 
Discount rates
 —  —  —  — 
Prepayment model changes and other(d)
 (10) 1  1  66 
Total changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions (8) 1  3  66 
Total changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions 275  654  264  1,613 
Fair value at June 30, $ 8,229  $ 7,439  $ 8,229  $ 7,439 
Changes in unrealized gains/(losses) included in income related to MSRs held at June 30, $ 275  $ 654  $ 264  $ 1,613 
Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income
 388  395  776  765 
Third-party mortgage loans serviced at June 30, (in billions) 605  576  605  576 
Servicer advances, net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts, at June 30(e)
 595  1,166  595  1,166 
(a)Includes purchase price adjustments associated with MSRs purchased in the prior quarter, primarily as a result of loans that prepaid within 90 days of settlement, allowing the Firm to recover the purchase price.
(b)Includes excess MSRs transferred to agency-sponsored trusts in exchange for stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). In each transaction, a portion of the SMBS was acquired by third parties at the transaction date; the Firm acquired the remaining balance of those SMBS as trading securities.
(c)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(d)Represents changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates.
(e)Represents amounts the Firm pays as the servicer (e.g., scheduled principal and interest, taxes and insurance), which will generally be reimbursed within a short period of time after the advance from future cash flows from the trust or the underlying loans. The Firm’s credit risk associated with these servicer advances is minimal because reimbursement of the advances is typically senior to all cash payments to investors. In addition, the Firm maintains the right to stop payment to investors if the collateral is insufficient to cover the advance. However, certain of these servicer advances may not be recoverable if they were not made in accordance with applicable rules and agreements.
172

The following table presents the components of mortgage fees and related income (including the impact of MSR risk management activities) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
CCB mortgage fees and related income
Production revenue $ 102  $ 150  $ 177  $ 361 
Net mortgage servicing revenue:
Operating revenue:
Loan servicing revenue 402  435  802  803 
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to collection/realization of expected cash flows (255) (236) (495) (468)
Total operating revenue 147  199  307  335 
Risk management:
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to market interest rates and other(a)
 283  653  261  1,547 
Other changes in MSR asset fair value due to other inputs and assumptions in model(b)
 (8) 1  3  66 
Changes in derivative fair value and other (250) (626) (251) (1,476)
Total risk management 25  28  13  137 
Total net mortgage servicing revenue 172  227  320  472 
Total CCB mortgage fees and related income 274  377  497  833 
All other 4  1  2  5 
Mortgage fees and related income $ 278  $ 378  $ 499  $ 838 
(a)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(b)Represents the aggregate impact of changes in model inputs and assumptions such as projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service), discount rates and changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates (e.g., changes in prepayments due to changes in home prices).
Changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be easily extrapolated, because the relationship of the change in the assumptions to the change in fair value are often highly interrelated and may not be linear. In the following table, the effect that a change in a particular assumption may have on the fair value is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which would either magnify or counteract the impact of the initial change.
The table below outlines the key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Firm’s MSRs at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and outlines hypothetical sensitivities of those fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions, as defined below.
(in millions, except rates) Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022
Weighted-average prepayment speed assumption (constant prepayment rate)
 6.27  % 6.12  %
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
 $ (186) $ (183)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
 (361) (356)
Weighted-average option adjusted spread(a)
 5.77  % 5.77  %
Impact on fair value of a 100 basis point adverse change
 $ (348) $ (341)
Impact on fair value of a 200 basis point adverse change
 (668) (655)
(a)Includes the impact of operational risk and regulatory capital.


173

Note 16 – Deposits
Refer to Note 17 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on deposits.
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits were as follows.
(in millions) June 30,
2023		 December 31, 2022
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $47,870 and $26,363 at fair value)(a)
 $ 656,778  $ 644,902 
Interest-bearing (included $572 and $586 at fair value)(a)
 1,311,893  1,276,346 
Total deposits in U.S. offices 1,968,671  1,921,248 
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $1,331 and $1,398 at fair value)(a)
 24,268  27,005 
Interest-bearing (included $1,795 and $273 at fair value)(a)
 406,023  391,926 
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices 430,291  418,931 
Total deposits $ 2,398,962  $ 2,340,179 
(a)Includes structured notes classified as deposits for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, time deposits in denominations that met or exceeded the insured limit were as follows.
(in millions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
U.S. offices $ 98,725  $ 64,622 
Non-U.S. offices(a)
 85,937  77,907 
Total $ 184,662  $ 142,529 
(a)Represents all time deposits in non-U.S. offices as these deposits typically exceed the insured limit.
As of June 30, 2023, the remaining maturities of interest-bearing time deposits in each of the 12-month periods ending June 30 were as follows.
June 30,
(in millions)		      
U.S. Non-U.S. Total
2024 145,737  83,015  228,752 
2025 1,213  194  1,407 
2026 309  71  380 
2027 160  25  185 
2028 95  1,087  1,182 
After 5 years 533  214  747 
Total $ 148,047  $ 84,606  $ 232,653 
Note 17 – Leases
Refer to Note 18 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion on leases.
Firm as lessee
At June 30, 2023, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries were obligated under a number of noncancellable leases, predominantly operating leases for premises and equipment used primarily for business purposes.
Operating lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term.
The carrying values of the Firm’s operating leases were as follows:
(in millions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Right-of-use assets $ 8,399 
(a)
 $ 7,782 
Lease liabilities 8,756 
(a)
 8,183 
(a)Includes $756 million of right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities, associated with the First Republic acquisition.
The Firm’s net rental expense was $448 million and $484 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and $935 million and $976 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Firm as lessor
The Firm’s lease financings are predominantly auto operating leases, and are included in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
The following table presents the Firm’s operating lease income, included within other income, and the related depreciation expense, included within technology, communications and equipment expense, on the Consolidated statements of income:
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,

(in millions)		 2023 2022 2023 2022
Operating lease income $ 716  $ 945  $ 1,471  $ 1,993 
Depreciation expense 457  668  876  1,379 


174

Note 18 – Long-term debt
JPMorgan Chase issues long-term debt denominated in various currencies, predominantly U.S. dollars, with both fixed and variable interest rates. Included in senior and subordinated debt below are various equity-linked or other indexed instruments, which the Firm has elected to measure at fair value; changes in fair value are recorded in principal transactions revenue in the Consolidated statements of income, except for unrealized gains/(losses) due to DVA which are recorded in OCI. The following table is a summary of long-term debt carrying values (including unamortized premiums and discounts, issuance costs, valuation adjustments and fair value adjustments, where applicable) by remaining contractual maturity as of June 30, 2023.
By remaining maturity
(in millions, except rates)		 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Under 1 year 1-5 years After 5 years Total Total
Parent company
Senior debt: Fixed rate $ 6,709  $ 84,418  $ 96,845  $ 187,972  $ 194,515 
Variable rate 367  7,226  2,200  9,793  11,565 
Interest rates(f)
 2.29  % 2.82  % 3.53  % 3.15  % 3.06  %
Subordinated debt: Fixed rate $ —  $ 8,815  $ 8,877  $ 17,692  $ 19,693 
Variable rate —  —  —  —  — 
Interest rates(f)
 —  % 4.54  % 4.69  % 4.62  % 4.50  %
Subtotal $ 7,076  $ 100,459  $ 107,922  $ 215,457  $ 225,773 
Subsidiaries
Federal Home Loan Banks advances: Fixed rate $ 7,443  $ 17,609  $ 42  $ 25,094 
(g)
 $ 93 
Variable rate 7,000  4,000  —  11,000  11,000 
Interest rates(f)
 4.64  % 4.29  % 6.07  % 4.43  % 4.32  %
Purchase Money Note(a):
 Fixed rate $ —  $ 48,883  $ —  $ 48,883  NA
Interest rates(f)
 —  % 3.40  % —  % 3.40  % NA
Senior debt: Fixed rate $ 3,000  $ 7,333  $ 6,395  $ 16,728  $ 15,383 
Variable rate 17,426  21,968  5,451  44,845  41,506 
Interest rates(f)
 3.95  % 4.98% 1.52  % 1.88  % 2.02  %
Subordinated debt: Fixed rate $ —  $ 258  $ —  $ 258  $ 262 
Variable rate —  —  —  —  — 
Interest rates(f)
 —  % 8.25  % —  % 8.25  % 8.25  %
Subtotal $ 34,869  $ 100,051  $ 11,888  $ 146,808  $ 68,244 
Junior subordinated debt: Fixed rate $ —  $ —  $ 540  $ 540  $ 550 
Variable rate —  357  916  1,273  1,298 
Interest rates(f)
 —  % 5.86  % 7.17  % 6.91  % 6.33  %
Subtotal $ —  $ 357  $ 1,456  $ 1,813  $ 1,848 
Total long-term debt(b)(c)(d)
 $ 41,945  $ 200,867  $ 121,266  $ 364,078 
(h)(i)
 $ 295,865 
Long-term beneficial interests:
Fixed rate $ —  $ 999  $ —  $ 999  $ 1,999 
Variable rate —  —  132  132  143 
Interest rates(f)
 —  % 3.97  % 3.59  % 3.93  % 2.81  %
Total long-term beneficial interests(e)
 $ —  $ 999  $ 132  $ 1,131  $ 2,142 
(a)As of June 30, 2023, reflects the Purchase Money Note associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(b)Included long-term debt of $87.7 billion and $13.8 billion secured by assets totaling $221.2 billion and $208.3 billion at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The amount of long-term debt secured by assets does not include amounts related to hybrid instruments.
(c)Included $78.6 billion and $72.3 billion of long-term debt accounted for at fair value at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(d)Included $11.2 billion and $10.3 billion of outstanding zero-coupon notes at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The aggregate principal amount of these notes at their respective maturities is $45.7 billion and $45.3 billion, respectively. The aggregate principal amount reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity, which may exceed the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date, if applicable.
(e)Included on the Consolidated balance sheets in beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs. Also included amounts accounted for at fair value which were not material at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Excluded short-term commercial paper and other short-term beneficial interests of $18.5 billion and $10.5 billion at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(f)The interest rates shown are the weighted average of contractual rates in effect at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, including non-U.S. dollar fixed- and variable-rate issuances, which excludes the effects of the associated derivative instruments used in hedge accounting relationships, if applicable. The interest rates shown exclude structured notes accounted for at fair value.
(g)As of June 30, 2023, included $25.0 billion of FHLB advances associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(h)As of June 30, 2023, long-term debt in the aggregate of $191.7 billion was redeemable at the option of JPMorgan Chase, in whole or in part, prior to maturity, based on the terms specified in the respective instruments.
(i)The aggregate carrying values of debt that matures in each of the 12-month periods ending June 30, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and 2028 is $41.9 billion, $58.5 billion, $38.0 billion, $29.2 billion and $75.2 billion, respectively.
175

The weighted-average contractual interest rates for total long-term debt excluding structured notes accounted for at fair value were 3.45% and 3.26% as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. In order to modify exposure to interest rate and currency exchange rate movements, JPMorgan Chase utilizes derivative instruments, primarily interest rate and cross-currency interest rate swaps, in conjunction with some of its debt issuances. The use of these instruments modifies the Firm’s interest expense on the associated debt. The modified weighted-average interest rates for total long-term debt, including the effects of related derivative instruments, were 5.02% and 4.89% as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
JPMorgan Chase & Co. has guaranteed certain long-term debt of its subsidiaries, including structured notes. These guarantees rank pari passu with the Firm’s other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The amount of such guaranteed long-term debt and structured notes was $34.5 billion and $28.2 billion at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The Firm’s unsecured debt does not contain requirements that would call for an acceleration of payments, maturities or changes in the structure of the existing debt, provide any limitations on future borrowings or require additional collateral, based on unfavorable changes in the Firm’s credit ratings, financial ratios, earnings or stock price.
176

Note 19 - Preferred stock
Refer to Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion on preferred stock.
The following is a summary of JPMorgan Chase’s non-cumulative preferred stock outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the quarterly dividend declarations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Shares(a)
Carrying value
 (in millions)
 Contractual rate in effect at June 30, 2023
Earliest redemption date(b)
Floating annualized rate(c)
 Dividend declared
per share
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Issue date Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Fixed-rate:
Series DD
 169,625  169,625  $ 1,696  $ 1,696  9/21/2018 5.750  % 12/1/2023 NA $ 143.75  $ 143.75  $287.50 $287.50
Series EE
 185,000  185,000  1,850  1,850  1/24/2019 6.000  3/1/2024 NA 150.00  150.00  300.00 300.00
Series GG
 90,000  90,000  900  900  11/7/2019 4.750  12/1/2024 NA 118.75  118.75  237.50 237.50
Series JJ 150,000  150,000  1,500  1,500  3/17/2021 4.550  6/1/2026 NA 113.75  113.75  227.50 227.50
Series LL 185,000  185,000  1,850  1,850  5/20/2021 4.625  6/1/2026 NA 115.63  115.63  231.26 231.26
Series MM
 200,000  200,000  2,000  2,000  7/29/2021 4.200  9/1/2026 NA 105.00  105.00  210.00 210.00
Fixed-to-floating-rate:
Series I
 —  —  $ —  $ —  4/23/2008 —  % 4/30/2018
SOFR + 3.47%
 $ —  $ 119.03  $— $211.16
Series Q
 150,000  150,000  1,500  1,500  4/23/2013
LIBOR + 3.25
 5/1/2023
SOFR + 3.25
 218.48  128.75  347.23 257.50
(d)
Series R
 150,000  150,000  1,500  1,500  7/29/2013 6.000  8/1/2023
SOFR + 3.30
 150.00  150.00  300.00 300.00
Series S
 200,000  200,000  2,000  2,000  1/22/2014 6.750  2/1/2024
SOFR + 3.78
 168.75  168.75  337.50 337.50
Series U
 100,000  100,000  1,000  1,000  3/10/2014 6.125  4/30/2024
SOFR + 3.33
 153.13  153.13  306.25 306.25
Series V
 —  —  —  —  6/9/2014 —  7/1/2019
SOFR + 3.32
 —  108.36  — 194.76
Series X
 160,000  160,000  1,600  1,600  9/23/2014 6.100  10/1/2024
SOFR + 3.33
 152.50  152.50  305.00 305.00
Series Z
 —  —  —  —  4/21/2015 —  5/1/2020
SOFR + 3.80
 —  —  — —
Series CC
 125,750  125,750  1,258  1,258  10/20/2017
LIBOR + 2.58
 11/1/2022
SOFR + 2.58
 201.36  115.63  384.15 231.25
(e)
Series FF
 225,000  225,000  2,250  2,250  7/31/2019 5.000  8/1/2024
SOFR + 3.38
 125.00  125.00  250.00 250.00
Series HH
 300,000  300,000  3,000  3,000  1/23/2020 4.600  2/1/2025
SOFR + 3.125
 115.00  115.00  230.00 230.00
Series II
 150,000  150,000  1,500  1,500  2/24/2020 4.000  4/1/2025
SOFR + 2.745
 100.00  100.00  200.00 200.00
Series KK 200,000  200,000  2,000  2,000  5/12/2021 3.650  6/1/2026
CMT + 2.85
 91.25  91.25  182.50 182.50
Total preferred stock 2,740,375  2,740,375  $ 27,404  $ 27,404 
(a)Represented by depositary shares.
(b)Fixed-to-floating rate notes convert to a floating rate at the earliest redemption date.
(c)On March 1, 2023, the Firm announced that, after June 30, 2023, CME Term SOFR will be the replacement reference rate for certain outstanding securities issued by the Firm that used U.S. dollar LIBOR as the reference rate, including fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock. References in the table to “SOFR” mean a floating annualized rate equal to three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spreads noted. The reference to “CMT” means a floating annualized rate equal to the five-year Constant Maturity Treasury (“CMT”) rate plus the spread noted.
(d)The dividend rate for Series Q preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on May 1, 2023; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 5.15% or $257.50 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing August 1, 2023 will be three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 3.25%.
(e)The dividend rate for Series CC preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on November 1, 2022; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 4.625% or $231.25 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing August 1, 2023 will be three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 2.58%.
Each series of preferred stock has a liquidation value and redemption price per share of $10,000, plus accrued but unpaid dividends. The aggregate liquidation value was $27.8 billion at June 30, 2023.
Redemptions
On October 31, 2022, the Firm redeemed all $2.9 billion of its fixed to floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series I.
On October 3, 2022, the Firm redeemed all $2.5 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series V.
On February 1, 2022, the Firm redeemed all $2.0 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series Z.

177

Note 20 – Earnings per share
Refer to Note 23 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”). The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
(in millions, except per share amounts) Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Basic earnings per share
Net income $ 14,472  $ 8,649  $ 27,094  $ 16,931 
Less: Preferred stock dividends
 373  410  729  807 
Net income applicable to common equity
 14,099  8,239  26,365  16,124 
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
 88  44  161  85 
Net income applicable to common stockholders
 $ 14,011  $ 8,195  $ 26,204  $ 16,039 
Total weighted-average basic shares
  outstanding
 2,943.8  2,962.2  2,956.1  2,969.6 
Net income per share
 $ 4.76  $ 2.77  $ 8.86  $ 5.40 
Diluted earnings per share
Net income applicable to common stockholders
 $ 14,011  $ 8,195  $ 26,204  $ 16,039 
Total weighted-average basic shares
  outstanding
 2,943.8  2,962.2  2,956.1  2,969.6 
Add: Dilutive impact of unvested PSUs, nondividend-earning RSUs and SARs 4.5  4.1  4.4  4.1 
Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding
 2,948.3  2,966.3  2,960.5  2,973.7 
Net income per share
 $ 4.75  $ 2.76  $ 8.85  $ 5.39 

178

Note 21 – Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
AOCI includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, foreign currency translation adjustments (including the impact of related derivatives), fair value changes of excluded components on fair value hedges, cash flow hedging activities, net gain/(loss) related to the Firm’s defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, and fair value option-elected liabilities arising from changes in the Firm’s own credit risk (DVA).
As of or for the three months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities		 Translation adjustments, net of hedges Fair value hedges Cash flow hedges Defined benefit
pension and
OPEB plans		 DVA on fair value option elected liabilities Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at April 1, 2023 $ (6,912) $ (1,348) $ (54) $ (4,858) $ (1,506) $ 260  $ (14,418)
Net change 757  70  11  (497) (6) (207) 128 
Balance at June 30, 2023 $ (6,155)
(a)
 $ (1,278) $ (43) $ (5,355) $ (1,512) $ 53  $ (14,290)
As of or for the three months ended
June 30, 2022
(in millions)		 Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities		 Translation adjustments, net of hedges Fair value hedges Cash flow hedges Defined benefit pension and
OPEB plans		 DVA on fair value option elected liabilities Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at April 1, 2022 $ (4,813) $ (996) $ (21) $ (3,087) $ (143) $ (507) $ (9,567)
Net change (4,031) (679) 51  (1,348) 20  1,185  (4,802)
Balance at June 30, 2022 $ (8,844)
(a)
 $ (1,675) $ 30  $ (4,435) $ (123) $ 678  $ (14,369)
As of or for the six months ended
June 30, 2023
(in millions)		 Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities		 Translation adjustments, net of hedges Fair value hedges Cash flow hedges Defined benefit
pension and
OPEB plans		 DVA on fair value option elected liabilities Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at January 1, 2023 $ (9,124) $ (1,545) $ (33) $ (5,656) $ (1,451) $ 468  $ (17,341)
Net change 2,969  267  (10) 301  (61) (415) 3,051 
Balance at June 30, 2023 $ (6,155)
(a)
 $ (1,278) $ (43) $ (5,355) $ (1,512) $ 53  $ (14,290)
As of or for the six months ended
June 30, 2022
(in millions)		 Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities		 Translation adjustments, net of hedges Fair value hedges Cash flow hedges Defined benefit pension and
OPEB plans		 DVA on fair value option elected liabilities Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at January 1, 2022 $ 2,640  $ (934) $ (131) $ (296) $ (210) $ (1,153) $ (84)
Net change (11,484) (741) 161  (4,139) 87  1,831  (14,285)
Balance at June 30, 2022 $ (8,844)
(a)
 $ (1,675) $ 30  $ (4,435) $ (123) $ 678  $ (14,369)
(a)As of June 30, 2023 includes after-tax net unamortized unrealized gains/(losses) of $(29) million related to HTM securities that have been transferred to AFS as permitted by the new hedge accounting guidance adopted on January 1, 2023. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022 includes after-tax net unamortized unrealized gains/(losses) of $(1.1) billion and $(1.4) billion, related to AFS securities that have been transferred to HTM, respectively. Refer to Note 10 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase's 2022 Form 10-K for further information.















179

The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of OCI.
2023 2022
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions)		 Pre-tax Tax effect After-tax Pre-tax Tax effect After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period $ 95  $ (21) $ 74  $ (5,456) $ 1,308  $ (4,148)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(a)
 900  (217) 683  153  (36) 117 
Net change 995  (238) 757  (5,303) 1,272  (4,031)
Translation adjustments(b):
Translation 126  10  136  (3,550) 193  (3,357)
Hedges (88) 22  (66) 3,524  (846) 2,678 
Net change 38  32  70  (26) (653) (679)
Fair value hedges, net change(c):
 15  (4) 11  67  (16) 51 
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period (1,119) 268  (851) (1,750) 420  (1,330)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(d)
 465  (111) 354  (24) 6  (18)
Net change (654) 157  (497) (1,774) 426  (1,348)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, net change: (8) 2  (6) 33  (13) 20 
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change:
 (273) 66  (207) 1,558  (373) 1,185 
Total other comprehensive income/(loss) $ 113  $ 15  $ 128  $ (5,445) $ 643  $ (4,802)
2023 2022
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)		 Pre-tax Tax effect After-tax Pre-tax Tax effect After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period $ 2,137  $ (511) $ 1,626  $ (15,658) $ 3,758  $ (11,900)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(a)
 1,768  (425) 1,343  547  (131) 416 
Net change 3,905  (936) 2,969  (15,111) 3,627  (11,484)
Translation adjustments(b):
Translation 1,099  (31) 1,068  (3,891) 217  (3,674)
Hedges (1,051) 250  (801) 3,862  (929) 2,933 
Net change 48  219  267  (29) (712) (741)
Fair value hedges, net change(c):
 (13) 3  (10) 212  (51) 161 
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period (552) 132  (420) (5,186) 1,245  (3,941)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(d)
 948  (227) 721  (261) 63  (198)
Net change 396  (95) 301  (5,447) 1,308  (4,139)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, net change: (79) 18  (61) 123  (36) 87 
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change:
 (547) 132  (415) 2,417  (586) 1,831 
Total other comprehensive loss $ 3,710  $ (659) $ 3,051  $ (17,835) $ 3,550  $ (14,285)
    
(a)The pre-tax amount is reported in Investment securities gains/(losses) in the Consolidated statements of income.
(b)Reclassifications of pre-tax realized gains/(losses) on translation adjustments and related hedges are reported in other income/expense in the Consolidated statements of income. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Firm reclassified a net pre-tax loss of $(5) million to other revenue related to the acquisition of CIFM of which $(41) million related to the net investment hedge loss. The amounts were not material for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.
(c)Represents changes in fair value of cross-currency swaps attributable to changes in cross-currency basis spreads, which are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recorded in other comprehensive income. The initial cost of cross-currency basis spreads is recognized in earnings as part of the accrual of interest on the cross currency swaps.
(d)The pre-tax amounts are primarily recorded in noninterest revenue, net interest income and compensation expense in the Consolidated statements of income.


180

Note 22 – Restricted cash and other restricted
assets
Refer to Note 26 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the Firm’s restricted cash and other restricted assets.
Certain of the Firm’s cash and other assets are restricted as to withdrawal or usage. These restrictions are imposed by various regulatory authorities based on the particular activities of the Firm’s subsidiaries.
The Firm is also subject to rules and regulations established by other U.S. and non-U.S. regulators. As part of its compliance with the respective regulatory requirements, the Firm’s broker-dealer activities are subject to certain restrictions on cash and other assets.
The following table presents the components of the Firm’s restricted cash:
(in billions) June 30,
2023		 December 31, 2022
Segregated for the benefit of securities and cleared derivative customers
 $ 17.0  $ 18.7 
Cash reserves at non-U.S. central banks and held for other general purposes
 8.6  8.1 
Total restricted cash(a)
 $ 25.6  $ 26.8 
(a)Comprises $24.3 billion and $25.4 billion in deposits with banks, and $1.3 billion and $1.4 billion in cash and due from banks on the Consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Also, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Firm had the following other restricted assets:
•Cash and securities pledged with clearing organizations for the benefit of customers of $36.9 billion and $42.4 billion, respectively.
•Securities with a fair value of $23.4 billion and $31.7 billion, respectively, were also restricted in relation to customer activity.


181

Note 23 – Regulatory capital
Refer to Note 27 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion on regulatory capital.
The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well-capitalized requirements, for the consolidated financial holding company. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC") establishes similar minimum capital requirements and standards for the Firm’s principal IDI subsidiary, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Under the risk-based capital and leverage-based guidelines of the Federal Reserve, JPMorgan Chase is required to maintain minimum ratios for CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital, Total capital, Tier 1 leverage and the SLR. Failure to meet these minimum requirements could cause the Federal Reserve to take action. IDI subsidiaries are also subject to these capital requirements established by their respective primary regulators.
The following table presents the risk-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and its IDI subsidiaries were subject as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Standardized capital ratio requirements Advanced
capital ratio requirements		 Well-capitalized ratios
BHC(a)(b)
IDI(c)
BHC(a)(b)
IDI(c)
BHC(d)
IDI(e)
Risk-based capital ratios
CET1 capital 12.5  % 7.0  % 11.0  % 7.0  % NA 6.5  %
Tier 1 capital 14.0  8.5  12.5  8.5  6.0  % 8.0 
Total capital 16.0  10.5  14.5  10.5  10.0  10.0 
Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and its IDI subsidiaries are subject.
(a)Represents the regulatory capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements each include a respective minimum requirement plus a GSIB surcharge of 4.0% as calculated under Method 2; plus a 4.0% SCB for Basel III Standardized ratios and a fixed 2.5% capital conservation buffer for Basel III Advanced ratios. The countercyclical buffer is currently set to 0% by the federal banking agencies.
(b)For the period ended December 31, 2022, the CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements under Basel III Standardized applicable to the Firm were 12.0%, 13.5% and 15.5%, respectively; the Basel III Advanced CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm were 10.5%, 12.0%, and 14.0%, respectively.
(c)Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase’s IDI subsidiaries. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements include a fixed capital conservation buffer requirement of 2.5% that is applicable to the IDI subsidiaries. The IDI subsidiaries are not subject to the GSIB surcharge.
(d)Represents requirements for bank holding companies pursuant to regulations issued by the Federal Reserve.
(e)Represents requirements for IDI subsidiaries pursuant to regulations issued under the FDIC Improvement Act.
The following table presents the leverage-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and its IDI subsidiaries were subject as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Capital ratio requirements(a)
 Well-capitalized ratios
BHC IDI
BHC(b)
 IDI
Leverage-based capital ratios
Tier 1 leverage 4.0  % 4.0  % NA 5.0  %
SLR 5.0  6.0  NA 6.0 
Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and its IDI subsidiaries are subject.
(a)Represents minimum SLR requirement of 3.0%, as well as supplementary leverage buffer requirements of 2.0% and 3.0% for BHC and IDI subsidiaries, respectively.
(b)The Federal Reserve's regulations do not establish well-capitalized thresholds for these measures for BHCs.
CECL regulatory capital transition
Beginning January 1, 2022, the $2.9 billion CECL capital benefit, provided by the Federal Reserve in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is being phased out at 25% per year over a three-year period. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm's CET1 capital reflected the remaining $1.4 billion benefit associated with the CECL capital transition provisions.
Additionally, effective January 1, 2023, the Firm phased out 50% of the other CECL capital transition provisions which impacted Tier 2 capital, adjusted average assets, total leverage exposure and RWA, as applicable.
Refer to Note 27 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on CECL capital transition provisions.
182

The following tables present risk-based capital metrics under both the Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced approaches and leverage-based capital metrics for JPMorgan Chase and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, JPMorgan Chase and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were well-capitalized and met all capital requirements to which each was subject.
June 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)		 Basel III Standardized Basel III Advanced
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.		 JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.		 JPMorgan
Chase & Co.		 JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics:(a)
CET1 capital
 $ 235,827  $ 279,233  $ 235,827  $ 279,233 
Tier 1 capital
 262,585  279,236  262,585  279,236 
Total capital
 295,281  298,582  281,953 
(b)
 285,500 
Risk-weighted assets 1,706,927  1,642,804  1,694,714 
(b)
 1,541,700 
CET1 capital ratio 13.8  % 17.0  % 13.9  % 18.1  %
Tier 1 capital ratio 15.4  17.0  15.5  18.1 
Total capital ratio 17.3  18.2  16.6  18.5 
December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios)		 Basel III Standardized Basel III Advanced
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics:(a)
CET1 capital $ 218,934  $ 269,668  $ 218,934  $ 269,668 
Tier 1 capital 245,631  269,672  245,631  269,672 
Total capital 277,769  288,433  264,583  275,255 
Risk-weighted assets 1,653,538  1,597,072  1,609,773  1,475,602 
CET1 capital ratio 13.2  % 16.9  % 13.6  % 18.3  %
Tier 1 capital ratio 14.9  16.9  15.3  18.3 
Total capital ratio 16.8  18.1  16.4  18.7 
(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)Includes the impacts of certain assets associated with the First Republic acquisition to which the Standardized approach has been applied as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.

Three months ended
(in millions, except ratios)		 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.		 JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.		 JPMorgan
Chase & Co.		 JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
Leverage-based capital metrics:(a)
Adjusted average assets(b)
 $ 3,796,579  $ 3,308,478  $ 3,703,873  $ 3,249,912 
Tier 1 leverage ratio
 6.9  % 8.4  % 6.6  % 8.3  %
Total leverage exposure $ 4,492,761  $ 3,993,500  $ 4,367,092  $ 3,925,502 
SLR 5.8  % 7.0  % 5.6  % 6.9  %
(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the leverage ratios, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill, inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill, and other intangible assets.


183

Note 24 – Off–balance sheet lending-related
financial instruments, guarantees, and other
commitments
JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to address the financing needs of its customers and clients. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the customer or client draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the customer or client subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees have historically been refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expired without being drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its expected future credit exposure or funding requirements. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of lending-related commitments and guarantees, and the Firm’s related accounting policies.
To provide for expected credit losses in wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments, an allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is maintained. Refer to Note 13 for further information regarding the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments.
The following table summarizes the contractual amounts and carrying values of off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments at June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The amounts in the table below for credit card, home equity and certain scored business banking lending-related commitments represent the total available credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit for these products will be utilized at the same time. The Firm can reduce or cancel credit card and certain scored business banking lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. In addition, the Firm typically closes credit card lines when the borrower is 60 days or more past due. The Firm may reduce or close HELOCs when there are significant decreases in the value of the underlying property, or when there has been a demonstrable decline in the creditworthiness of the borrower.
184

Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments
Contractual amount
Carrying value(i)
June 30, 2023 Dec 31,
2022		 Jun 30,
2023		 Dec 31,
2022
By remaining maturity
(in millions)		 Expires in 1 year or less Expires after
1 year through
3 years		 Expires after
3 years through
5 years		 Expires after 5 years Total Total
Lending-related
Consumer, excluding credit card:
Residential real estate(a)
 $ 9,164  $ 5,873  $ 6,304  $ 12,692  $ 34,033  $ 21,287  $ 714 
(j)
 $ 75 
Auto and other 14,203  324  —  2,286  16,813  12,231  236 
(j)
 — 
Total consumer, excluding credit card 23,367  6,197  6,304  14,978  50,846  33,518  950  75 
Credit card(b)
 881,485  —  —  —  881,485  821,284  —  — 
Total consumer(c)
 904,852  6,197  6,304  14,978  932,331  854,802  950  75 
Wholesale:
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit(d)
 123,374  160,273  202,330  23,345  509,322  440,407  3,564 
(h)(j)
 2,328 
(h)
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees(d)
 14,960  8,073  4,274  1,099  28,406  27,439  517  408 
Other letters of credit(d)
 3,022  233  106  —  3,361  4,134  23  6 
Total wholesale(c)
 141,356  168,579  206,710  24,444  541,089  471,980  4,104  2,742 
Total lending-related $ 1,046,208  $ 174,776  $ 213,014  $ 39,422  $ 1,473,420  $ 1,326,782  $ 5,054  $ 2,817 
Other guarantees and commitments
Securities lending indemnification agreements and guarantees(e)
$ 296,547  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 296,547  $ 283,386  $ —  $ — 
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees 3,861  228  11,959  40,852  56,900  59,180  181  649 
Unsettled resale and securities borrowed agreements 108,556  585  —  —  109,141  116,975 

—  (2)
Unsettled repurchase and securities loaned agreements 92,811  547  —  —  93,358  66,407  —  (7)
Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications:
Mortgage repurchase liability NA NA NA NA NA NA 76  76 
Loans sold with recourse NA NA NA NA 768  820  27  28 
Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments(f)
 140,102  —  —  —  140,102  191,068  —  — 
Other guarantees and commitments(g)
 6,569  848  166  3,574  11,157  8,634  43  53 
(a)Includes certain commitments to purchase loans from correspondents.
(b)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CB and CIB.
(c)Predominantly all consumer and wholesale lending-related commitments are in the U.S.
(d)As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, reflected the contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $87 million and $71 million, respectively, for other unfunded commitments to extend credit; $8.0 billion and $8.2 billion, respectively, for standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; $425 million and $512 million, respectively, for other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.
(e)As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, collateral held by the Firm in support of securities lending indemnification agreements was $312.6 billion and $298.5 billion, respectively. Securities lending collateral primarily consists of cash, G7 government securities, and securities issued by U.S. GSEs and government agencies.
(f)As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, includes guarantees to the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation under the sponsored member repo program and commitments and guarantees associated with the Firm’s membership in certain clearing houses.
(g)As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, primarily includes unfunded commitments related to certain tax-oriented equity investments, unfunded commitments to purchase secondary market loans, and other equity investment commitments.
(h)As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 includes net markdowns on held-for-sale positions related to unfunded commitments in the bridge financing portfolio.
(i)For lending-related products, the carrying value includes the allowance for lending-related commitments and the guarantee liability; for derivative-related products, and lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected, the carrying value represents the fair value.
(j)As of June 30, 2023, includes fair value adjustments associated with the First Republic acquisition for residential real estate lending-related commitments totaling $576 million, for auto and other lending-related commitments totaling $236 million and for other unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $1.6 billion. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.


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Other unfunded commitments to extend credit
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit generally consist of commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, extensions of credit to support commercial paper facilities and bond financings in the event that those obligations cannot be remarketed to new investors, as well as committed liquidity facilities to clearing organizations. The Firm also issues commitments under multipurpose facilities which could be drawn upon in several forms, including the issuance of a standby letter of credit.
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees are conditional lending commitments issued by the Firm to guarantee the performance of a client or customer to a third party under certain arrangements, such as commercial paper facilities, bond financings, acquisition financings, trade financings and similar transactions.
The following table summarizes the contractual amount and carrying value of standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees and other letters of credit arrangements as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Standby letters of credit, other financial guarantees and other letters of credit
June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
(in millions) Standby letters of
credit and other financial guarantees		 Other letters
of credit		 Standby letters of
credit and other financial guarantees		 Other letters
of credit
Investment-grade(a)
 $ 19,574  $ 2,385  $ 19,205  $ 3,040 
Noninvestment-grade(a)
 8,832  976  8,234  1,094 
Total contractual amount $ 28,406  $ 3,361  $ 27,439  $ 4,134 
Allowance for lending-related commitments $ 146  $ 23  $ 82  $ 6 
Guarantee liability 371  —  326  — 
Total carrying value $ 517  $ 23  $ 408  $ 6 
Commitments with collateral $ 16,414  $ 549  $ 15,296  $ 795 
(a)The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings. Refer to Note 12 for further information on internal risk ratings.
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
The Firm transacts in certain derivative contracts that have the characteristics of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information on these derivatives.
The following table summarizes the derivatives qualifying as guarantees as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
(in millions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Notional amounts
Derivative guarantees $ 56,900  $ 59,180 
Stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure
 31,715  31,820 
Maximum exposure of stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure
 1,442  2,063 
Fair value
Derivative payables
 181  649 
In addition to derivative contracts that meet the characteristics of a guarantee, the Firm is both a purchaser and seller of credit protection in the credit derivatives market. Refer to Note 5 for a further discussion of credit derivatives.
Merchant charge-backs
Under the rules of payment networks, in its role as a merchant acquirer, the Firm's Merchant Services business in CIB Payments, retains a contingent liability for disputed processed credit and debit card transactions that result in a charge-back to the merchant. If a dispute is resolved in the cardholder’s favor, the Firm will (through the cardholder’s issuing bank) credit or refund the amount to the cardholder and will charge back the transaction to the merchant. If the Firm is unable to collect the amount from the merchant, the Firm will bear the loss for the amount credited or refunded to the cardholder. The Firm mitigates this risk by withholding future settlements, retaining cash reserve accounts or obtaining other collateral. In addition, the Firm recognizes a valuation allowance that covers the payment or performance risk related to charge-backs.
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Loan sales and securitization-related indemnifications
In connection with the Firm’s mortgage loan sale and securitization activities with GSEs the Firm has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements, and that may require the Firm to repurchase mortgage loans and/or indemnify the loan purchaser if such representations and warranties are breached by the Firm.
The liability related to repurchase demands associated with private label securitizations is separately evaluated by the Firm in establishing its litigation reserves. Refer to Note 26 of this Form 10-Q and Note 30 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information regarding litigation.
Sponsored member repo program
The Firm acts as a sponsoring member to clear eligible overnight and term resale and repurchase agreements through the Government Securities Division of the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”) on behalf of clients that become sponsored members under the FICC’s rules. The Firm also guarantees to the FICC the prompt and full payment and performance of its sponsored member clients’ respective obligations under the FICC’s rules. The Firm minimizes its liability under these guarantees by obtaining a security interest in the cash or high-quality securities collateral that the clients place with the clearing house therefore the Firm expects the risk of loss to be remote. The Firm’s maximum possible exposure, without taking into consideration the associated collateral, is included in the Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments line on page 185. Refer to Note 11 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on credit risk mitigation practices on resale agreements and the types of collateral pledged under repurchase agreements.
Guarantees of subsidiaries
The Parent Company has guaranteed certain long-term debt and structured notes of its subsidiaries, including JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC (“JPMFC”), a 100%-owned finance subsidiary. All securities issued by JPMFC are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company and no other subsidiary of the Parent Company guarantees these securities. These guarantees, which rank pari passu with the Firm’s unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, are not included in the table on page 185 of this Note. Refer to Note 20 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
Note 25 – Pledged assets and collateral
Refer to Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s pledged assets and collateral.
Pledged assets
The Firm pledges financial assets that it owns to maintain potential borrowing capacity at discount windows with Federal Reserve banks, various other central banks and FHLBs. Additionally, the Firm pledges assets for other purposes, including to collateralize repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits. Certain of these pledged assets may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by the secured parties and are parenthetically identified on the Consolidated balance sheets as assets pledged.
The following table presents the Firm’s pledged assets.
(in billions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Assets that may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties
 $ 161.3  $ 110.8 
Assets that may not be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties(a)
 288.4  114.8 
Assets pledged at Federal Reserve banks and FHLBs(b)
 621.8  567.6 
Total pledged assets
 $ 1,071.5  $ 793.2 
(a)As of June 30, 2023, included $120.0 billion of assets pledged to the FDIC as part of the shared-loss agreements associated with the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Note 28 for additional information.
(b)As of June 30, 2023, included $23.7 billion of assets pledged to the FHLB associated with the First Republic acquisition.
Total pledged assets do not include assets of consolidated VIEs; these assets are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. Refer to Note 14 for additional information on assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the Firm’s securities financing activities. Refer to Note 20 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s long-term debt.
Collateral
The Firm accepts financial assets as collateral that it is permitted to sell or repledge, deliver or otherwise use. This collateral is generally obtained under resale and other securities financing agreements, prime brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables and derivative contracts. Collateral is generally used under repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits.
The following table presents the fair value of collateral accepted.
(in billions) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Collateral permitted to be sold or repledged, delivered, or otherwise used
 $ 1,303.7  $ 1,346.9 
Collateral sold, repledged, delivered or otherwise used 986.3  1,019.4 
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Note 26 – Litigation
Contingencies
As of June 30, 2023, the Firm and its subsidiaries and affiliates are defendants or respondents in numerous legal proceedings, including private, civil litigations, government investigations or regulatory enforcement matters. The litigations range from individual actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially millions of class members. Investigations and regulatory enforcement matters involve both formal and informal proceedings, by both governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. These legal proceedings are at varying stages of adjudication, arbitration or investigation, and involve each of the Firm’s lines of business and several geographies and a wide variety of claims (including common law tort and contract claims and statutory antitrust, securities and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel legal theories.
The Firm believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of reserves established, for its legal proceedings is from $0 to approximately $1.3 billion at June 30, 2023. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses was based upon information available as of that date for those proceedings in which the Firm believes that an estimate of reasonably possible loss can be made. For certain matters, the Firm does not believe that such an estimate can be made, as of that date. The Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses involves significant judgment, given:
•the number, variety and varying stages of the proceedings, including the fact that many are in preliminary stages,
•the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants, including the Firm, whose share of liability (if any) has yet to be determined,
•the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings, including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims, and
•the uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings, including where the Firm has made assumptions concerning future rulings by the court or other adjudicator, or about the behavior or incentives of adverse parties or regulatory authorities, and those assumptions prove to be incorrect.
In addition, the outcome of a particular proceeding may be a result which the Firm did not take into account in its estimate because the Firm had deemed the likelihood of that outcome to be remote. Accordingly, the Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly.
Set forth below are descriptions of the Firm’s material legal proceedings.
1MDB Litigation. J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA was named as a defendant in a civil litigation filed in May 2021 in Malaysia by 1Malaysia Development Berhad (“1MDB”), a Malaysian state-owned and controlled investment fund. J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA was served in August 2022. The claim alleges “dishonest assistance” against J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA in relation to payments of $300 million and $500 million, from 2009 and 2010, respectively, received from 1MDB and paid into an account at J.P. Morgan Suisse (SA) held by 1MDB PetroSaudi Limited, a joint venture company between 1MDB and PetroSaudi Holdings (Cayman) Limited. In September 2022, the Firm filed an application challenging the validity of service and the Malaysian Court’s jurisdiction to hear the claim. In April 2023, 1MDB discontinued its claim against J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA, but requested permission of the Court to refile in the future, which the Court took under consideration.
Amrapali. India’s Enforcement Directorate (“ED”) is investigating J.P. Morgan India Private Limited in connection with investments made in 2010 and 2012 by two offshore funds formerly managed by JPMorgan Chase entities into residential housing projects developed by the Amrapali Group (“Amrapali”). In 2017, numerous creditors filed civil claims against Amrapali, including petitions brought by home buyers relating to delays in delivering or failure to deliver residential units. The home buyers’ petitions have been overseen by the Supreme Court of India and are ongoing. In August 2021, the ED issued an order fining J.P. Morgan India Private Limited approximately $31.5 million. The Firm is appealing the order and the fine. Relatedly, in July 2019, the Supreme Court of India issued an order making preliminary findings that Amrapali and other parties, including unspecified JPMorgan Chase entities and the offshore funds that had invested in the projects, violated certain currency control and money laundering provisions, and ordering the ED to conduct a further inquiry under India’s Prevention of Money Laundering Act (“PMLA”) and Foreign Exchange Management Act (“FEMA”). In May 2020, the ED attached approximately $25 million from J.P. Morgan India Private Limited in connection with the criminal PMLA investigation. The Firm is responding to and cooperating with the PMLA investigation.
Foreign Exchange Investigations and Litigation. The Firm previously reported settlements with certain government authorities relating to its foreign exchange (“FX”) sales and trading activities and controls related to those activities. Among those resolutions, in May 2015, the Firm pleaded guilty to a single violation of federal antitrust law. The Department of Labor ("DOL") granted the Firm exemptions that permit the Firm and its affiliates to continue to rely on the Qualified Professional Asset Manager exemption under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”)
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through the ten-year disqualification period following the antitrust plea. The only remaining FX-related governmental inquiry is a South Africa Competition Commission matter which is currently pending before the South Africa Competition Tribunal.
With respect to civil litigation matters, in August 2018, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York granted final approval to the Firm’s settlement of a consolidated class action brought by U.S.-based plaintiffs, which principally alleged violations of federal antitrust laws based on an alleged conspiracy to manipulate foreign exchange rates and also sought damages on behalf of persons who transacted in FX futures and options on futures. Although certain members of the settlement class filed requests to the Court to be excluded from the class, an agreement to resolve their claims was reached in December 2022. The District Court denied certification of a putative class action against the Firm and other foreign exchange dealers on behalf of certain parties who purchased foreign currencies at allegedly inflated rates and granted summary judgment against the named plaintiffs in March 2023. Those plaintiffs have filed a notice of appeal. In addition, some FX-related individual and putative class actions based on similar alleged underlying conduct have been filed outside the U.S., including in the U.K., Israel, the Netherlands, Brazil and Australia. An agreement to resolve one of the UK actions was reached in December 2022. In July 2023, the U.K. Court of Appeal overturned the Competition Appeal Tribunal's earlier denial of a request for class certification on an opt-out basis. In Israel, a settlement in principle has been reached in the putative class action, which remains subject to court approval.
Interchange Litigation. Groups of merchants and retail associations filed a series of class action complaints alleging that Visa and Mastercard, as well as certain banks, conspired to set the price of credit and debit card interchange fees and enacted related rules in violation of antitrust laws. In 2012, the parties initially settled the cases for a cash payment, but that settlement was reversed on appeal and remanded to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.
The original class action was divided into two separate actions, one seeking primarily monetary relief and the other seeking primarily injunctive relief. In September 2018, the parties to the monetary class action finalized an agreement which amends and supersedes the prior settlement agreement. Pursuant to this settlement, the defendants collectively contributed an additional $900 million to the approximately $5.3 billion previously held in escrow from the original settlement. In December 2019, the amended settlement agreement was approved by the District Court. In March 2023, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the District Court’s approval of the settlement, and two merchants have filed petitions for rehearing of the Appellate Court’s approval. Based on the percentage of merchants that opted out of the amended class settlement, $700 million has been returned to the
defendants from the settlement escrow in accordance with the settlement agreement. The injunctive class action continues separately, and in September 2021, the District Court granted plaintiffs’ motion for class certification in part, and denied the motion in part.
Of the merchants who opted out of the amended damages class settlement, certain merchants filed individual actions raising similar allegations against Visa and Mastercard, as well as against the Firm and other banks. While some of those actions remain pending, the defendants have reached settlements with the merchants who opted out representing approximately 65% of the combined Mastercard-branded and Visa-branded payment card sales volume.
Jeffrey Epstein Litigation. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. was named as a defendant in two lawsuits filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. knowingly facilitated Jeffrey Epstein’s sex trafficking and other unlawful conduct by providing banking services to Epstein until 2013. One case, which was filed in November 2022, was a putative class action filed by an alleged sex-trafficking victim of Epstein, and the other case, which was filed in December 2022, was brought on behalf of the government of the United States Virgin Islands and also alleges certain Virgin Islands statutory claims. In March 2023, the Court granted in part and denied in part JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s motions to dismiss these complaints, allowing some claims to proceed in both lawsuits. Also in March 2023, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. filed third-party complaints impleading the Firm’s former employee, James Edward Staley, into the two lawsuits, asserting claims for indemnification, contribution, breach of fiduciary duty and violation of the faithless servant doctrine. In May 2023, the Court denied Staley’s motion to dismiss the impleader complaints. In June 2023, the Court granted the putative class’ motion for class certification and granted a preliminary approval of a settlement between the class and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., pursuant to which JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. will pay $290 million to a fund for Epstein survivors. The actions involving the government of the United States Virgin Islands and Staley are proceeding.
LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rate Investigations and Litigation. JPMorgan Chase has responded to inquiries from various governmental agencies and entities around the world relating primarily to the British Bankers Association’s (“BBA”) London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for various currencies and the European Banking Federation’s Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”). The Swiss Competition Commission’s investigation relating to EURIBOR, to which the Firm and one other bank remain subject, continues. In December 2016, the European Commission issued a decision against the Firm and other banks finding an infringement of European antitrust rules relating to EURIBOR. The Firm has filed an appeal of that decision with the European General Court, and that appeal is pending.
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In addition, the Firm has been named as a defendant along with other banks in various individual and putative class actions related to benchmark rates, including U.S. dollar LIBOR. In actions related to U.S. dollar LIBOR during the period that it was administered by the BBA, the Firm has obtained dismissal of certain actions and resolved certain other actions, and others are in various stages of litigation. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York has granted class certification of antitrust claims related to bonds and interest rate swaps sold directly by the defendants, including the Firm. A consolidated putative class action related to the period that U.S. dollar LIBOR was administered by ICE Benchmark Administration has been dismissed. In addition, a group of individual plaintiffs filed a lawsuit asserting antitrust claims, alleging that the Firm and other defendants were engaged in an unlawful agreement to set U.S. dollar LIBOR and conspired to monopolize the market for LIBOR-based consumer loans and credit cards. In September 2022, the Court dismissed plaintiffs' complaint in its entirety, and plaintiffs filed an amended complaint asserting similar antitrust claims, which defendants have moved to dismiss. The Firm’s settlements of putative class actions related to the Singapore Interbank Offered Rate and the Singapore Swap Offer Rate, and the Australian Bank Bill Swap Reference Rate received final court approval in November 2022, while the settlement related to Swiss franc LIBOR remains subject to court approval.
Securities Lending Antitrust Litigation. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, J.P. Morgan Prime, Inc., and J.P. Morgan Strategic Securities Lending Corp. are named as defendants in a putative class action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint asserts violations of federal antitrust law and New York State common law in connection with an alleged conspiracy to prevent the emergence of anonymous exchange trading for securities lending transactions. Defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint was denied. Plaintiffs have moved to certify a class in this action, which defendants have opposed. The parties have reached an agreement in principle to settle this action, subject to final documentation and court approval.
Shareholder Litigation. Several shareholder putative class actions, as well as shareholder derivative actions purporting to act on behalf of the Firm, have been filed against the Firm, its Board of Directors and certain of its current and former officers.
Certain of these shareholder suits relate to historical trading practices by former employees in the precious metals and U.S. treasuries markets and related conduct which were the subject of the Firm’s resolutions with the DOJ, CFTC and SEC in September 2020, and fiduciary activities that were separately the subject of a resolution between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the OCC in November 2020. One of these shareholder derivative suits was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in May 2022, asserting breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment claims relating to the historical trading practices and related conduct and fiduciary activities which
were the subject of the resolutions described above. In December 2022, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss this action in full, and in January 2023, the plaintiff filed a notice of appeal, which remains pending. A second shareholder derivative action was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York in December 2022 relating to the historical trading practices and related conduct, which asserts breach of fiduciary duty and contribution claims and alleges that the shareholder is excused from making a demand to commence litigation because such a demand would have been futile. Defendants have moved to dismiss the complaint. In addition, a consolidated putative class action is pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York on behalf of shareholders who acquired shares of JPMorgan Chase common stock during the putative class period, alleging that certain SEC filings of the Firm were materially false or misleading because they did not disclose certain information relating to the historical trading practices and conduct. Defendants have moved to dismiss the amended complaint in this action.
A separate shareholder derivative suit was filed in March 2022 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York asserting breaches of fiduciary duty and violations of federal securities laws based on the alleged failure of the Board of Directors to exercise adequate oversight over the Firm’s compliance with records preservation requirements which were the subject of resolutions between certain of the Firm’s subsidiaries and the SEC and the CFTC. Defendants’ motion to dismiss the amended complaint is pending.
Two shareholder derivative suits were filed in May and June 2023, respectively, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York asserting breaches of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment based on the alleged failure of the Board of Directors and James Dimon to exercise adequate oversight with respect to the Firm’s provision of banking services to Jeffrey Epstein. These actions allege that the shareholders are excused from making a demand to commence litigation because such a demand would have been futile. These actions were consolidated and defendants have moved to dismiss the amended complaint filed by the plaintiffs.
* * *
In addition to the various legal proceedings discussed above, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries are named as defendants or are otherwise involved in a substantial number of other legal proceedings. The Firm believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding legal proceedings and it intends to defend itself vigorously. Additional legal proceedings may be initiated from time to time in the future.
The Firm has established reserves for several hundred of its currently outstanding legal proceedings. In accordance with the provisions of U.S. GAAP for contingencies, the Firm accrues for a litigation-related liability when it is probable that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
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The Firm evaluates its outstanding legal proceedings each quarter to assess its litigation reserves, and makes adjustments in such reserves, upward or downward, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. The Firm’s legal expense was $420 million and $73 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There is no assurance that the Firm’s litigation reserves will not need to be adjusted in the future.
In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the matters present novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are in early stages of discovery, the Firm cannot state with confidence what will be the eventual outcomes of the currently pending matters, the timing of their ultimate resolution or the eventual losses, fines, penalties or consequences related to those matters. JPMorgan Chase believes, based upon its current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, consideration of the material legal proceedings described above and after taking into account its current litigation reserves and its estimated aggregate range of possible losses, that the other legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Firm’s consolidated financial condition. The Firm notes, however, that in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves it has currently accrued or that a matter will not have material reputational consequences. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to JPMorgan Chase’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of JPMorgan Chase’s income for that period.
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Note 27 – Business segments
The Firm is managed on an LOB basis. There are four major reportable business segments - Consumer & Community Banking, Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking and Asset & Wealth Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment. The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by the Firm’s Operating Committee. Segment results are presented on a managed basis. Refer to Segment results below, and Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a further discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s business segments.
Segment results
The following table provides a summary of the Firm’s segment results as of or for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, on a managed basis. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm (and each of the reportable business segments) on an FTE basis.
Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. Refer to Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s managed basis.
Capital allocation
The amount of capital assigned to each business segment is referred to as equity. At least annually, the assumptions, judgments and methodologies used to allocate capital are reassessed and, as a result, the capital allocated to the LOBs may change. As of June 30, 2023, the Firm updated its line of business capital allocations to reflect the impact of the First Republic acquisition. Refer to Line of business equity on page 93 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.


Segment results and reconciliation(a)
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)		 Consumer &
Community Banking		 Corporate &
Investment Bank		 Commercial Banking Asset & Wealth Management
2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Noninterest revenue $ 3,543 $ 3,850
(b)
 $ 10,802 $ 8,805
(b)
 $ 835 $ 904 $ 3,358 $ 3,084
Net interest income 13,690 8,708 1,717 3,198 3,153 1,779 1,585 1,222
Total net revenue 17,233 12,558 12,519 12,003 3,988 2,683 4,943 4,306
Provision for credit losses
 1,862 761 38 59 1,097 209 145 44
Noninterest expense 8,313 7,658
(b)
 6,894 6,810
(b)
 1,300 1,156 3,163 2,919
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
 7,058 4,139 5,587 5,134 1,591 1,318 1,635 1,343
Income tax expense/(benefit) 1,752 1,031
(b)
 1,495 1,417
(b)
 383 324 409 339
Net income/(loss) $ 5,306 $ 3,108 $ 4,092 $ 3,717 $ 1,208 $ 994 $ 1,226 $ 1,004
Average equity
 $ 54,346 $ 50,000 $ 108,000 $ 103,000 $ 29,505 $ 25,000 $ 16,670 $ 17,000
Total assets 620,193 500,219 1,432,054 1,403,558 305,280 242,456 247,118 235,553
ROE 38  % 24  % 15  % 14  % 16  % 15  % 29  % 23  %
Overhead ratio 48  61  55  57  33  43  64  68 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)		 Corporate
Reconciling Items(a)
 Total
2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Noninterest revenue $ 1,980 $ (244) $ (990) $ (812) $ 19,528 $ 15,587
Net interest income 1,738 324 (104) (103) 21,779 15,128
Total net revenue 3,718 80 (1,094) (915) 41,307 30,715
Provision for credit losses
 (243) 28 — — 2,899 1,101
Noninterest expense 1,152 206 — — 20,822 18,749
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit) 2,809 (154) (1,094) (915) 17,586 10,865
Income tax expense/(benefit) 169 20 (1,094) (915) 3,114 2,216
Net income/(loss) $ 2,640 $ (174) $ — $ — $ 14,472 $ 8,649
Average equity
 $ 69,364 $ 52,986 $ — $ — $ 277,885 $ 247,986
Total assets 1,263,595 1,459,528 NA NA 3,868,240 3,841,314
ROE NM NM NM NM 20  % 13  %
Overhead ratio NM NM NM NM 50  61 
(a)Segment managed results reflect revenue on an FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.
(b)In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
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Segment results and reconciliation(a)
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)		 Consumer &
Community Banking		 Corporate &
Investment Bank		 Commercial Banking Asset & Wealth Management
2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Noninterest revenue $ 7,166 $ 7,705
(b)
 $ 22,325 $ 18,809
(b)
 $ 1,616 $ 1,771 $ 6,691 $ 6,323
Net interest income 26,523 17,035 3,794 6,770 5,883 3,310 3,036 2,298
Total net revenue 33,689 24,740 26,119 25,579 7,499 5,081 9,727 8,621
Provision for credit losses
 3,264 1,439 96 504 1,514 366 173 198
Noninterest expense 16,378 15,313
(b)
 14,377 14,173
(b)
 2,608 2,285 6,254 5,779
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
 14,047 7,988 11,646 10,902 3,377 2,430 3,300 2,644
Income tax expense/(benefit) 3,498 1,972
(b)
 3,133 2,813
(b)
 822 586 707 632
Net income/(loss) $ 10,549 $ 6,016 $ 8,513 $ 8,089 $ 2,555 $ 1,844 $ 2,593 $ 2,012
Average equity
 $ 53,180 $ 50,000 $ 108,000 $ 103,000 $ 29,005 $ 25,000 $ 16,337 $ 17,000
Total assets 620,193 500,219 1,432,054 1,403,558 305,280 242,456 247,118 235,553
ROE 39  % 23  % 15  % 15  % 17  % 14  % 31  % 23  %
Overhead ratio 49  62  55  55  35  45  64  67 

As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)		 Corporate
Reconciling Items(a)
 Total
2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022
Noninterest revenue $ 1,225 $ (589) $ (1,857) $ (1,587) $ 37,166 $ 32,432
Net interest income 3,478 (212) (224) (201) 42,490 29,000
Total net revenue 4,703 (801) (2,081) (1,788) 79,656 61,432
Provision for credit losses
 127 57 — — 5,174 2,564
Noninterest expense 1,312 390 — — 40,929 37,940
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit) 3,264 (1,248) (2,081) (1,788) 33,553 20,928
Income tax expense/(benefit) 380 (218) (2,081) (1,788) 6,459 3,997
Net income/(loss) $ 2,884 $ (1,030) $ — $ — $ 27,094 $ 16,931
Average equity
 $ 68,038 $ 55,234 $ — $ — $ 274,560 $ 250,234
Total assets 1,263,595 1,459,528 NA NA 3,868,240 3,841,314
ROE NM NM NM NM 19  % 13  %
Overhead ratio NM NM NM NM 51  62 
(a)Segment managed results reflect revenue on an FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.
(b)In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
193

Note 28 – Business combinations
On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the "First Republic acquisition") from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), as receiver, for $67.9 billion, resulting in an estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion recorded in other income. The estimated bargain purchase gain represents the excess of the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired above the purchase price. The First Republic acquisition further advances the Firm's wealth management strategy and is complementary to the Firm's existing franchises.
The Firm has determined that this acquisition constitutes a business combination under U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, the initial recognition of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were generally measured at their estimated fair values as of May 1, 2023. The determination of those fair values required management to make certain market-based assumptions about expected future cash flows, discount rates and other valuation inputs at the time of the acquisition. The Firm believes that the fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed provide a reasonable basis for determining the estimated bargain purchase gain.
The Firm and the FDIC have not yet completed the settlement process under which the purchase price, and the identification of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, will be finalized. The finalization of this settlement process may impact the amount of the estimated bargain purchase gain. The purchase and assumption agreement entered into with the FDIC allows for final settlement to occur up to a year after the acquisition date.
In addition, the purchase price and the estimated bargain purchase gain could change pending management's finalization of its acquisition date fair value estimates for certain of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (such as loans and commitments, intangible assets and leases), which may take place up to one year from the acquisition date, as permitted by U.S. GAAP.
In connection with the First Republic acquisition, the Firm and the FDIC entered into two shared-loss agreements with respect to certain loans and lending-related commitments (the "shared-loss assets"): the Commercial Shared-Loss Agreement ("CSLA") and the Single-Family Shared-Loss Agreement (“SFSLA”). The CSLA covers 80% of credit losses, on a pari-passu basis, over 5 years with a subsequent 3-year recovery period for certain acquired commercial loans and other real estate exposure. The SFSLA covers 80% of credit losses, on a pari-passu basis, for 7 years for certain acquired loans secured by mortgages on real property or shares in cooperative property constituting a primary residence. The indemnification assets which represent the fair value of the CSLA and SFSLA are reflected in the total assets acquired.

As part of the consideration paid, JPMorgan Chase issued a five-year, $50 billion secured note to the FDIC (the "Purchase Money Note"). The Purchase Money Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.4% and is secured by certain of the acquired loans. The Purchase Money Note is prepayable upon notice to the FDIC.
The Firm had placed a $5 billion deposit with First Republic Bank on March 16, 2023, as part of $30 billion of deposits provided by a consortium of large U.S. banks. The Firm's $5 billion deposit was effectively settled as part of the acquisition and the associated allowance for credit losses was released upon closing. The Firm subsequently repaid the remaining $25 billion of deposits to the consortium of banks, including accrued interest through the payment date on May 9, 2023.

194

The computation of the purchase price, the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of the First Republic acquisition and the related estimated bargain purchase gain are presented below.
Fair value purchase
price allocation as of
May 1, 2023
(in millions)
Purchase price consideration
Amounts paid/due to the FDIC, net of cash acquired(a)
 $ 13,589 
Purchase Money Note (at fair value) 48,848 
Settlement of First Republic deposit and other related party transactions(b)
 5,447 
Contingent consideration - Shared-loss agreements 15 
Purchase price consideration $ 67,899 
Assets
Securities $ 30,285 
Loans 152,335 
Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles 1,462 
Indemnification assets - Shared-loss agreements 675 
Accounts receivable and other assets(c)
 7,551 
Total assets acquired $ 192,308 
Liabilities
Deposits $ 87,507 
FHLB advances 27,919 
Lending-related commitments 2,409 
Accounts payable and other liabilities(c)
 3,006 
Deferred tax liabilities 856 
Total liabilities assumed $ 121,697 
Fair value of net assets acquired $ 70,611 
Estimated gain on acquisition, after income taxes $ 2,712 
(a)Includes $10.6 billion of cash paid to the FDIC at acquisition and $3.7 billion payable to the FDIC, less cash acquired of $680 million.
(b)Includes $447 million of securities financing transactions with First Republic Bank that were effectively settled on the acquisition date.
(c)Other assets include $1.2 billion in tax-oriented investments and $756 million of lease right-of-use assets. Other liabilities include the related tax-oriented investment liabilities of $669 million and lease liabilities of $756 million. Refer to Note 14 and Note 17 for additional information.
The issuance of the $50 billion Purchase Money Note, the effective settlement of the Firm's $5 billion deposit and $447 million of securities financing with First Republic Bank, and the $3.7 billion payable to the FDIC as part of the purchase price consideration are considered non-cash transactions.
The following describes the accounting policies and fair value methodologies generally used by the Firm for the following assets acquired and liabilities assumed: core deposit and customer relationship intangibles, shared-loss agreements and the related indemnification assets, Purchase Money Note, and FHLB advances.
Refer to JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s accounting policies and valuation methodologies for securities, loans, deposits, and lending-related commitments.
Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles
Core deposit and certain wealth management customer relationship intangibles were acquired as part of the First Republic transaction. The core deposit intangible of $1.3 billion was valued by discounting estimated after-tax cost savings over the remaining useful life of the deposits using the favorable source of funds method. The after-tax cost savings were estimated based on the difference between the cost of maintaining the core deposit base relative to the cost of next best alternative funding sources available to market participants. The customer relationship intangibles of $187 million were valued by discounting estimated after-tax earnings over their remaining useful lives using the multi-period excess earnings method. Both intangible asset valuations utilized assumptions that the Firm believes a market participant would use to estimate fair values, such as growth and attrition rates, projected fee income as well
as related costs to service the relationships, and discount rates. The core deposit and customer relationship intangibles will be amortized over a projected period of future cash flows of approximately 7 years. As of June 30, 2023, the carrying values of the core deposit and customer relationship intangibles were $1.2 billion and $183 million, respectively, reflecting accumulated amortization of approximately $30 million and $4 million, respectively.
Indemnification assets - Shared-loss agreements
The indemnification assets represent forecasted recoveries from the FDIC associated with the shared-loss assets over the respective shared loss recovery periods. The indemnification assets were recorded at fair value in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets on the acquisition date. The fair values of the indemnification assets were estimated based on the timing of the forecasted losses underlying the related allowance for credit losses.
195

The subsequent quarterly remeasurement of the indemnification assets will be based on changes in amount and timing of forecasted losses in the allowance for credit losses associated with the shared loss assets and will be recorded in other income. Under certain circumstances, the Firm may be required to make a payment to the FDIC upon termination of the shared-loss agreements based on the level of actual losses and recoveries on the shared-loss assets. The estimated potential future payment is reflected as contingent consideration as part of the purchase price consideration.
Purchase Money Note and FHLB advances
The Purchase Money Note is recorded in long-term debt on the Consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the Purchase Money Note was estimated based on a discounted cash flow methodology and incorporated estimated market discount rates.
The FHLB advances assumed in the acquisition are recorded in short-term borrowings and in long-term debt. The fair value of the FHLB advances was based on a discounted cash flow methodology and considered the observed FHLB advance issuance rates.
Loans
The following table presents the unpaid principal balance and estimated fair value of the loans acquired as of May 1, 2023.
May 1, 2023
(in millions) UPB Fair value
Residential real estate $ 106,240  $ 91,906 
Auto and other 3,092  2,031 
Total consumer 109,332  93,937 
Secured by real estate 37,119  33,605 
Commercial & industrial 4,333  3,933 
Other 22,597  20,860 
Total wholesale 64,049  58,398 
Total loans $ 173,381  $ 152,335 
Unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information
Included in the Firm's Consolidated statements of income are noninterest revenue, net interest income and net income contributed by First Republic since the acquisition date of May 1, 2023 of $3.1 billion, $897 million and $2.4 billion, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
The following table presents certain unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 as if the First Republic acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2022, including recognition of the estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion and the provision for credit losses of $1.2 billion. Additional adjustments include the interest on the Purchase Money Note and the impact of amortizing and accreting certain estimated fair value adjustments related to intangible assets and loans.
The Firm expects to achieve operating cost savings and other business synergies resulting from the acquisition that are not reflected in the pro forma amounts. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the historical results of operations had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2022, nor is it indicative of the results of operations in future periods, particularly in light of recent changes in market and economic conditions.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Noninterest revenue $ 16,924  $ 15,853  $ 34,832  $ 35,675 
Net interest income 22,184  16,180  44,084  30,997 
Net income 13,565  9,086  26,726  18,887 

196

pwclogobwaa10.jpg
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of JPMorgan Chase & Co.:
Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements
We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries (the “Firm”) as of June 30, 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income and changes in stockholders’ equity for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30,2023 and 2022 and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of the Firm as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 21, 2023, which included a paragraph describing a change in the manner of accounting for credit losses on certain financial instruments in 2020, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2022, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Firm’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Firm in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.PwC Signature 2Q23.jpg
August 3, 2023
























PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017
197

JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates (unaudited)
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)
Three months ended June 30, 2023 Three months ended June 30, 2022
Average
balance
Interest(f)
 Rate
(annualized)		 Average
balance
Interest(f)
 Rate
(annualized)
Assets
Deposits with banks $ 495,018  $ 5,189  4.20  % $ 694,644  $ 1,079  0.62  %
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
 326,563  3,767  4.63  305,132  543  0.71 
Securities borrowed 191,393  1,866  3.91  207,437  173 

0.33 
Trading assets – debt instruments 391,945  4,025  4.12  273,736  2,058  3.02 
Taxable securities 578,876  4,194  2.91  644,037  2,289  1.43 
Nontaxable securities(a)
 32,676  390  4.79  28,762  309  4.31 
Total investment securities 611,552  4,584  3.01 
(g)
 672,799  2,598  1.55 
(g)
Loans 1,238,237  20,351  6.59  1,093,106  11,656  4.28 
All other interest-earning assets(b)
 89,072  1,966  8.85  139,040  642  1.85 
Total interest-earning assets 3,343,780  41,748  5.01  3,385,894  18,749  2.22 
Allowance for loan losses (20,055) (17,194)
Cash and due from banks 25,228  28,712 
Trading assets – equity and other instruments 169,558  151,309 
Trading assets – derivative receivables 63,339  84,483 
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible Assets 62,530  59,355 
All other noninterest-earning assets 207,008  219,084 
Total assets $ 3,851,388  $ 3,911,643 
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits $ 1,715,699  $ 9,591  2.24  % $ 1,790,421  $ 898  0.20  %
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
 263,718  3,400  5.17  233,376  445  0.76 
Short-term borrowings(c)
 35,335  428  4.87  50,833  113  0.91 
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing
liabilities(d)(e)
 293,269  2,373  3.25  274,435  471  0.69 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs 15,947  197  4.95  10,577  30  1.11 
Long-term debt 294,239  3,876  5.28  246,195  1,561  2.54 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,618,207  19,865  3.04  2,605,837  3,518  0.54 
Noninterest-bearing deposits 671,715  741,891 
Trading liabilities – equity and other instruments(e)
 28,513  40,937 
Trading liabilities – derivative payables 46,934  61,026 
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments 180,730  181,128 
Total liabilities 3,546,099  3,630,819 
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock 27,404  32,838 
Common stockholders’ equity 277,885  247,986 
Total stockholders’ equity 305,289  280,824 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 3,851,388  $ 3,911,643 
Interest rate spread 1.97  % 1.68  %
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets $ 21,883  2.62  $ 15,231  1.80 
(a)Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)Includes brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets, which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(c)Includes commercial paper.
(d)All other interest-bearing liabilities include brokerage-related customer payables.
(e)The combined balance of trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments was $153.7 billion and $140.2 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(f)Interest includes the effect of certain related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(g)The annualized rate for securities based on amortized cost was 2.96% and 1.52% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in AOCI.


198

JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates (unaudited)
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)
Six months ended June 30, 2023 Six months ended June 30, 2022
Average
balance
Interest(f)
 Rate
(annualized)		 Average
balance
Interest(f)
 Rate
(annualized)
Assets
Deposits with banks $ 500,311  $ 10,008  4.03  % $ 718,346  $ 1,317  0.37  %
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
 319,911  6,898  4.35  300,070  940  0.63 
Securities borrowed 192,114  3,582  3.76  212,704  86 

0.08 
Trading assets – debt instruments 374,908  7,685  4.13  272,931  3,833  2.83 
Taxable securities 587,750  8,161  2.80  643,340  4,268  1.34 
Nontaxable securities(a)
 29,022  698  4.85  28,647  616  4.34 
Total investment securities 616,772  8,859  2.90 
(g)
 671,987  4,884  1.47 
(g)
Loans 1,184,231  38,105  6.49  1,080,939  22,317  4.16 
All other interest-earning assets(b)
 92,372  3,735  8.15  136,902  966  1.42 
Total interest-earning assets 3,280,619  78,872  4.85  3,393,879  34,343  2.04 
Allowance for loan losses (19,593) (16,807)
Cash and due from banks 25,640  28,340 
Trading assets – equity and other instruments 160,868  154,093 
Trading assets – derivative receivables 63,929  75,956 
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible Assets 61,697  58,455 
All other noninterest-earning assets 207,913  215,313 
Total assets $ 3,781,073  $ 3,909,229 
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits $ 1,692,993  $ 17,228  2.05  % $ 1,785,896  $ 1,080  0.12  %
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
 258,045  6,204  4.85  241,749  558  0.47 
Short-term borrowings(c)
 37,039  849  4.63  49,360  157  0.64 
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing
liabilities(d)(e)
 285,467  4,344  3.07  268,762  662  0.50 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs 14,722  344  4.71  10,733  48  0.90 
Long-term debt 271,912  7,189  5.33  250,165  2,637  2.13 
Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,560,178  36,158  2.85  2,606,665  5,142  0.40 
Noninterest-bearing deposits 661,138  738,083 
Trading liabilities – equity and other instruments(e)
 29,137  42,159 
Trading liabilities – derivative payables 48,139  57,792 
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments 180,517  181,116 
Total liabilities 3,479,109  3,625,815 
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock 27,404  33,180 
Common stockholders’ equity 274,560  250,234 
Total stockholders’ equity 301,964  283,414 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 3,781,073  $ 3,909,229 
Interest rate spread 2.00  % 1.64  %
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets $ 42,714  2.63  $ 29,201  1.74 
(a)Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)Includes brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets, which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(c)Includes commercial paper.
(d)All other interest-bearing liabilities include brokerage-related customer payables.
(e)The combined balance of trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments was $148.5 billion and $140.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(f)Interest includes the effect of certain related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(g)The annualized rate for securities based on amortized cost was 2.85% and 1.45% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in AOCI.
199

GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS
2022 Form 10-K: Annual report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
ABS: Asset-backed securities
Active foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings are ongoing. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
AFS: Available-for-sale
Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans: represents period-end allowance for loan losses divided by retained loans.
Amortized cost: Amount at which a financing receivable or investment is originated or acquired, adjusted for accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, charge-offs, foreign exchange, and fair value hedge accounting adjustments. For AFS securities, amortized cost is also reduced by any impairment losses recognized in earnings. Amortized cost is not reduced by the allowance for credit losses, except where explicitly presented net.
AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
ARM(s): Adjustable rate mortgage(s)
AUC: “Assets under custody”: Represents assets held directly or indirectly on behalf of clients under safekeeping, custody and servicing arrangements.
Auto loan and lease origination volume: Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.
AWM: Asset & Wealth Management
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs: represents the interest of third-party holders of debt, equity securities, or other obligations, issued by VIEs that JPMorgan Chase consolidates.
BHC: Bank holding company
BWM: Banking & Wealth Management
Bridge Financing Portfolio: A portfolio of held-for-sale unfunded loan commitments and funded loans. The unfunded commitments include both short-term bridge loan commitments that will ultimately be replaced by longer term financing as well as term loan commitments. The funded loans include term loans and funded revolver facilities.
CB: Commercial Banking
CCAR: Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
CCB: Consumer & Community Banking
CDS: Credit default swaps
CECL: Current Expected Credit Losses
CEO: Chief Executive Officer
CET1 capital: Common equity Tier 1 capital
CFO: Chief Financial Officer
CFTC: Commodity Futures Trading Commission
CIB: Corporate & Investment Bank
CIO: Chief Investment Office
Client assets: Represent assets under management as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities: Deposits, as well as deposits that are swept to on-balance sheet liabilities (e.g., commercial paper, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements) as part of client cash management programs.
Client investment assets: Represent assets under management as well as custody, brokerage and annuity accounts, and deposits held in investment accounts.
CLTV: Combined loan-to-value
CMT: Constant Maturity Treasury
Collateral-dependent: A loan is considered to be collateral-dependent when repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of thecollateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, including when foreclosure is deemed probable based on borrower delinquency.
Commercial Card: provides a wide range of payment services to corporate and public sector clients worldwide through the commercial card products. Services include procurement, corporate travel and entertainment, expense management services, and business-to-business payment solutions.
Credit derivatives: Financial instruments whose value is derived from the credit risk associated with the debt of a third-party issuer (the reference entity) which allow one party (the protection purchaser) to transfer that risk to another party (the protection seller). Upon the occurrence of a credit event by the reference entity, which may include, among other events, the bankruptcy or failure to pay its obligations, or certain restructurings of the debt of the reference entity, neither party has recourse to the reference entity. The protection purchaser has recourse to the protection seller for the difference between the face value of the CDS contract and the fair value at the time of settling the credit derivative contract. The determination as to whether a credit event has occurred is generally made by the relevant International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Determinations Committee.
Criticized: Criticized loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables that are classified as special mention, substandard and doubtful categories for regulatory purposes and are generally consistent with a rating of CCC+/Caa1 and below, as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
CRR: Capital Requirements Regulation
CVA: Credit valuation adjustment
200

Deposit margin: Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average deposits.
DVA: Debit valuation adjustment
EC: European Commission
Eligible HQLA: Eligible high-quality liquid assets, for purposes of calculating the LCR, is the amount of unencumbered HQLA that satisfy certain operational considerations as defined in the LCR rule.
Eligible LTD: Long-term debt satisfying certain eligibility criteria
Embedded derivatives: are implicit or explicit terms or features of a financial instrument that affect some or all of the cash flows or the value of the instrument in a manner similar to a derivative. An instrument containing such terms or features is referred to as a “hybrid.” The component of the hybrid that is the non-derivative instrument is referred to as the “host.” For example, callable debt is a hybrid instrument that contains a plain vanilla debt instrument (i.e., the host) and an embedded option that allows the issuer to redeem the debt issue at a specified date for a specified amount (i.e., the embedded derivative). However, a floating rate instrument is not a hybrid composed of a fixed-rate instrument and an interest rate swap.
EPS: Earnings per share
ERISA: Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
ESG: Environmental, Social and Governance
ETD: “Exchange-traded derivatives”: Derivative contracts that are executed on an exchange and settled via a central clearing house.
EU: European Union
Expense categories:
•Volume- and/or revenue-related expenses generally correlate with changes in the related business/transaction volume or revenue. Examples of volume- and revenue-related expenses include commissions and incentive compensation, depreciation expense related to operating lease assets, and brokerage expense related to equities trading transaction volume.
•Investments include expenses associated with supporting medium- to longer-term strategic plans of the Firm. Examples of investments include initiatives in technology (including related compensation), marketing, and compensation for new bankers and client advisors.
•Structural expenses are those associated with the day-to-day cost of running the bank and are expenses not covered by the above two categories. Examples of structural expenses include employee salaries and benefits, as well as noncompensation costs such as real estate and all other expenses.
Fannie Mae: Federal National Mortgage Association
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board
FCA: Financial Conduct Authority
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDM: "Financial difficulty modification" applies to loan modifications effective January 1, 2023, and is deemed to occur when the Firm modifies specific terms of the original loan agreement. The following types of modifications are considered FDMs: principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extension or a combination of these modifications.
Federal Reserve: The Board of the Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FFIEC: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
FHA: Federal Housing Administration
FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank
FICO score: A measure of consumer credit risk based on information in consumer credit reports produced by Fair Isaac Corporation. Because certain aged data is excluded from credit reports based on rules in the Fair Credit Reporting Act, FICO scores may not reflect all historical information about a consumer.
FICC: Fixed Income Clearing Corporation
FINRA: Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
Firm: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Forward points: represents the interest rate differential between two currencies, which is either added to or subtracted from the current exchange rate (i.e., “spot rate”) to determine the forward exchange rate.
Freddie Mac: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
Free-standing derivatives: is a derivative contract entered into either separate and apart from any of the Firm’s other financial instruments or equity transactions. Or, in conjunction with some other transaction and is legally detachable and separately exercisable.
FTE: Fully taxable-equivalent
FVA: Funding valuation adjustment
FX: Foreign exchange
G7: “Group of Seven nations”: Countries in the G7 are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S.
G7 government securities: Securities issued by the government of one of the G7 nations.
Ginnie Mae: Government National Mortgage Association
GSIB: Global systemically important banks
HELOC: Home equity line of credit
Home equity – senior lien: represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds the first security interest on the property.
Home equity – junior lien: represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds a security interest that is subordinate in rank to other liens.
HQLA: High-quality liquid assets
HTM: Held-to-maturity
IBOR: Interbank Offered Rate
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IDI: Insured depository institutions
IHC: JPMorgan Chase Holdings LLC, an intermediate holding company
Investment-grade: An indication of credit quality based on JPMorgan Chase’s internal risk assessment system. “Investment grade” generally represents a risk profile similar to a rating of a “BBB-”/“Baa3” or better, as defined by independent rating agencies.
IR: Interest rate
ISDA: International Swaps and Derivatives Association
JPMorgan Chase: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.: JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
JPMorgan Chase Foundation or Foundation: a not-for-profit organization that makes contributions for charitable and educational purposes.
J.P. Morgan Securities: J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
JPMSE: J.P. Morgan SE
LCR: Liquidity coverage ratio
LIBOR: London Interbank Offered Rate
LLC: Limited Liability Company
LOB: Line of business
LTV: “Loan-to-value ratio”: For residential real estate loans, the relationship, expressed as a percentage, between the principal amount of a loan and the appraised value of the collateral (i.e., residential real estate) securing the loan.
Origination date LTV ratio
The LTV ratio at the origination date of the loan. Origination date LTV ratios are calculated based on the actual appraised values of collateral (i.e., loan-level data) at the origination date.
Current estimated LTV ratio
An estimate of the LTV as of a certain date. The current estimated LTV ratios are calculated using estimated collateral values derived from a nationally recognized home price index measured at the metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) level. These MSA-level home price indices consist of actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. As a result, the estimated collateral values used to calculate these ratios do not represent actual appraised loan-level collateral values; as such, the resulting LTV ratios are necessarily imprecise and should therefore be viewed as estimates.
Combined LTV ratio
The LTV ratio considering all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property. Combined LTV ratios are used for junior lien home equity products.
Macro businesses: the macro businesses include Rates, Currencies and Emerging Markets, Fixed Income Financing and Commodities in CIB's Fixed Income Markets.
Managed basis: A non-GAAP presentation of Firmwide financial results that includes reclassifications to present
revenue on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Management also uses this financial measure at the segment level, because it believes this provides information to enable investors to understand the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and facilitates a comparison of the business segment with the performance of competitors.
Markets: consists of CIB's Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets businesses.
Master netting agreement: A single agreement with a counterparty that permits multiple transactions governed by that agreement to be terminated or accelerated and settled through a single payment in a single currency in the event of a default (e.g., bankruptcy, failure to make a required payment or securities transfer or deliver collateral or margin when due).
MBS: Mortgage-backed securities
MD&A: Management’s discussion and analysis
Measurement alternative: Measures equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer.
Merchant Services: offers merchants payment processing capabilities, fraud and risk management, data and analytics, and other payments services. Through Merchant Services, merchants of all sizes can accept payments via credit and debit cards and payments in multiple currencies.
MEV: Macroeconomic variable
Moody’s: Moody’s Investor Services
Mortgage product types:
Alt-A
Alt-A loans are generally higher in credit quality than subprime loans but have characteristics that would disqualify the borrower from a traditional prime loan. Alt-A lending characteristics may include one or more of the following: (i) limited documentation; (ii) a high CLTV ratio; (iii) loans secured by non-owner occupied properties; or (iv) a debt-to-income ratio above normal limits. A substantial proportion of the Firm’s Alt-A loans are those where a borrower does not provide complete documentation of his or her assets or the amount or source of his or her income.
Option ARMs
The option ARM real estate loan product is an adjustable-rate mortgage loan that provides the borrower with the option each month to make a fully amortizing, interest-only or minimum payment. The minimum payment on an option ARM loan is based on the interest rate charged during the introductory period. This introductory rate is usually significantly below the fully indexed rate. The fully indexed rate is calculated using an index rate plus a margin. Once the introductory period ends, the contractual interest rate charged on the loan increases to the fully indexed rate and adjusts monthly to reflect movements in the index. The minimum payment is typically insufficient to cover interest accrued in the prior month, and any unpaid interest is deferred and added to the principal balance of the loan.
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Option ARM loans are subject to payment recast, which converts the loan to a variable-rate fully amortizing loan upon meeting specified loan balance and anniversary date triggers.
Prime
Prime mortgage loans are made to borrowers with good credit records who meet specific underwriting requirements, including prescriptive requirements related to income and overall debt levels. New prime mortgage borrowers provide full documentation and generally have reliable payment histories.
Subprime
Subprime loans are loans that, prior to mid-2008, were offered to certain customers with one or more high risk characteristics, including but not limited to: (i) unreliable or poor payment histories; (ii) a high LTV ratio of greater than 80% (without borrower-paid mortgage insurance); (iii) a high debt-to-income ratio; (iv) an occupancy type for the loan is other than the borrower’s primary residence; or (v) a history of delinquencies or late payments on the loan.
MREL: Minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities
MSR: Mortgage servicing rights
NA: Data is not applicable or available for the period presented.
Net Capital Rule: Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate: represents net charge-offs/(recoveries) (annualized) divided by average retained loans for the reporting period.
Net interchange income includes the following components:
•Interchange income: Fees earned by credit and debit card issuers on sales transactions.
•Rewards costs: The cost to the Firm for points earned by cardholders enrolled in credit card rewards programs generally tied to sales transactions.
•Partner payments: Payments to co-brand credit card partners based on the cost of loyalty program rewards earned by cardholders on credit card transactions.
Net yield on interest-earning assets: The average rate for interest-earning assets less the average rate paid for all sources of funds.
NFA: National Futures Association
NM: Not meaningful
Nonaccrual loans: Loans for which interest income is not recognized on an accrual basis. Loans (other than credit card loans and certain consumer loans insured by U.S. government agencies) are placed on nonaccrual status when full payment of principal and interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal and
interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. Collateral-dependent loans are typically maintained on nonaccrual status.
Nonperforming assets: Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, nonperforming derivatives and certain assets acquired in loan satisfactions, predominantly real estate owned and other commercial and personal property.
NSFR: Net Stable Funding Ratio
OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCI: Other comprehensive income/(loss)
OPEB: Other postretirement employee benefit
OTC: “Over-the-counter derivatives”: Derivative contracts that are negotiated, executed and settled bilaterally between two derivative counterparties, where one or both counterparties is a derivatives dealer.
OTC cleared: “Over-the-counter cleared derivatives”: Derivative contracts that are negotiated and executed bilaterally, but subsequently settled via a central clearing house, such that each derivative counterparty is only exposed to the default of that clearing house.
Overhead ratio: Noninterest expense as a percentage of total net revenue.
Parent Company: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Participating securities: represents unvested share-based compensation awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”), which are included in the earnings per share calculation using the two-class method. JPMorgan Chase grants restricted stock and RSUs to certain employees under its share-based compensation programs, which entitle the recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to each class of common stock and participating securities, based on their respective rights to receive dividends.
PCD: “Purchased credit deteriorated” assets represent acquired financial assets that as of the date of acquisition have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, as determined by the Firm.
Pillar 1: The Basel framework consists of a three “Pillar” approach. Pillar 1 establishes minimum capital requirements, defines eligible capital instruments, and prescribes rules for calculating RWA.
Pillar 3: The Basel framework consists of a three “Pillar” approach. Pillar 3 encourages market discipline through disclosure requirements which allow market participants to assess the risk and capital profiles of banks.
PPP: Paycheck Protection Program under the Small Business Association (“SBA”)
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PRA: Prudential Regulation Authority
Pre-provision profit/(loss): represents total net revenue less noninterest expense. The Firm believes that this financial measure is useful in assessing the ability of a lending institution to generate income in excess of its provision for credit losses.
Principal transactions revenue: Principal transactions revenue is driven by many factors, including the bid-offer spread, which is the difference between the price at which the Firm is willing to buy a financial or other instrument and the price at which the Firm is willing to sell that instrument. It also consists of realized (as a result of closing out or termination of transactions, or interim cash payments) and unrealized (as a result of changes in valuation) gains and losses on financial and other instruments (including those accounted for under the fair value option) primarily used in client-driven market-making activities and on private equity investments. In connection with its client-driven market-making activities, the Firm transacts in debt and equity instruments, derivatives and commodities (including physical commodities inventories and financial instruments that reference commodities). Principal transactions revenue also includes certain realized and unrealized gains and losses related to hedge accounting and specified risk-management activities, including: (a) certain derivatives designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships (primarily fair value hedges of commodity and foreign exchange risk), (b) certain derivatives used for specific risk management purposes, primarily to mitigate credit risk and foreign exchange risk, and (c) other derivatives.
PSU(s): Performance share units
Regulatory VaR: Daily aggregated VaR calculated in accordance with regulatory rules.
REO: Real estate owned
Reported basis: Financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP, which excludes the impact of taxable-equivalent adjustments.
Retained loans: Loans that are held-for-investment (i.e. excludes loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value).
Revenue wallet: Total fee revenue based on estimates of investment banking fees generated across the industry (i.e., the revenue wallet) from investment banking transactions in M&A, equity and debt underwriting, and loan syndications. Source: Dealogic, a third-party provider of investment banking competitive analysis and volume based league tables for the above noted industry products.
RHS: Rural Housing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
ROE: Return on equity
ROTCE: Return on tangible common equity
ROU assets: Right-of-use assets
RSU(s): Restricted stock units
RWA: “Risk-weighted assets”: Basel III establishes two comprehensive approaches for calculating RWA (a
Standardized approach and an Advanced approach) which include capital requirements for credit risk, market risk, and in the case of Basel III Advanced, also operational risk. Key differences in the calculation of credit risk RWA between the Standardized and Advanced approaches are that for Basel III Advanced, credit risk RWA is based on risk-sensitive approaches which largely rely on the use of internal credit models and parameters, whereas for Basel III Standardized, credit risk RWA is generally based on supervisory risk-weightings which vary primarily by counterparty type and asset class. Market risk RWA is calculated on a generally consistent basis between Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced.
S&P: Standard and Poors
SA-CCR: Standardized Approach for Counterparty Credit Risk
SAR as it pertains to Hong Kong: Special Administrative Region
SAR(s) as it pertains to employee stock awards: Stock appreciation rights
SCB: Stress capital buffer
Scored portfolios: Consumer loan portfolios that predominantly include residential real estate loans, credit card loans, auto loans to individuals and certain small business loans.
SEC: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Securitized Products Group: Comprised of Securitized Products and tax-oriented investments.
Seed capital: Initial JPMorgan capital invested in products, such as mutual funds, with the intention of ensuring the fund is of sufficient size to represent a viable offering to clients, enabling pricing of its shares, and allowing the manager to develop a track record. After these goals are achieved, the intent is to remove the Firm’s capital from the investment.
Shelf securities: Securities registered with the SEC under a shelf registration statement that have not been issued, offered or sold. These securities are not included in league tables until they have actually been issued.
Single-name: Single reference-entities
SLR: Supplementary leverage ratio
SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SPEs: Special purpose entities
Structural interest rate risk: represents interest rate risk of the non-trading assets and liabilities of the Firm.
Structured notes: Structured notes are financial instruments whose cash flows are linked to the movement in one or more indexes, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodities prices, prepayment rates, underlying reference pool of loans or other market variables. The notes typically contain embedded (but not separable or detachable) derivatives. Contractual cash flows for principal, interest, or both can vary in amount and timing throughout the life of the note based on non-traditional indexes or non-traditional uses of traditional interest rates or indexes.
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Suspended foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings have started but are currently on hold, which could be due to bankruptcy or loss mitigation. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
Taxable-equivalent basis: In presenting managed results, the total net revenue for each of the business segments and the Firm is presented on a tax-equivalent basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities; the corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense.
TBVPS: Tangible book value per share
TCE: Tangible common equity
TDR: “Troubled debt restructuring” applies to loan modifications granted prior to January 1, 2023 and is deemed to occur when the Firm modifies the original terms of a loan agreement by granting a concession to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty. Loans with short-term and other insignificant modifications that are not considered concessions are not TDRs.
TLAC: Total Loss Absorbing Capacity
U.K.: United Kingdom
U.S.: United States of America
U.S. GAAP: Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
U.S. government agencies: U.S. government agencies include, but are not limited to, agencies such as Ginnie Mae and FHA, and do not include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac which are U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (“U.S. GSEs”). In general, obligations of U.S. government agencies are fully and explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government in the event of a default.
U.S. GSE(s): “U.S. government-sponsored enterprises” are quasi-governmental, privately-held entities established or chartered by the U.S. government to serve public purposes as specified by the U.S. Congress to improve the flow of credit to specific sectors of the economy and provide certain essential services to the public. U.S. GSEs include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but do not include Ginnie Mae or FHA. U.S. GSE obligations are not explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
U.S. Treasury: U.S. Department of the Treasury
Unaudited: Financial statements and/or information that have not been subject to auditing procedures by an independent registered public accounting firm.
VA: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
VaR: “Value-at-risk” is a measure of the dollar amount of potential loss from adverse market moves in an ordinary market environment.
VIEs: Variable interest entities
Warehouse loans: consist of prime mortgages originated with the intent to sell that are accounted for at fair value and classified as loans.
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LINE OF BUSINESS METRICS
CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING (“CCB”)
Debit and credit card sales volume: Dollar amount of card member purchases, net of returns.
Deposit margin: Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average deposits.
Home Lending Production and Home Lending Servicing revenue comprises the following:
Net mortgage servicing revenue: Includes operating revenue earned from servicing third-party mortgage loans, which is recognized over the period in which the service is provided; changes in the fair value of MSRs; the impact of risk management activities associated with MSRs; and gains and losses on securitization of excess mortgage servicing. Net mortgage servicing revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments of certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies.
Production revenue: Includes fees and income recognized as earned on mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell, and the impact of risk management activities associated with the mortgage pipeline and warehouse loans. Production revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments on mortgage loans held-for-sale (excluding certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies), and changes in the fair value of financial instruments measured under the fair value option.
Mortgage origination channels comprise the following:
Retail: Borrowers who buy or refinance a home through direct contact with a mortgage banker employed by the Firm using a branch office, the Internet or by phone. Borrowers are frequently referred to a mortgage banker by a banker in a Chase branch, real estate brokers, home builders or other third parties.
Correspondent: Banks, thrifts, other mortgage banks and other financial institutions that sell closed loans to the Firm.
Credit card: is a business that primarily issues credit cards to consumers and small businesses.
Net revenue rate: Represents Card Services net revenue (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average loans for the period.
Auto loan and lease origination volume: Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.
CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK (“CIB”)
Definition of selected CIB revenue:
Investment Banking: incorporates all revenue associated with investment banking activities, and is reported net of investment banking revenue shared with other LOBs.
Payments is a full service provider of cash management solutions, which primarily includes merchant acquiring, cross border and domestic payments, liquidity and account services, and global trade for multinational corporations, e-commerce and marketplace operators, and financial institutions.
Lending: includes net interest income, fees, gains or losses on loan sale activity, gains or losses on securities received as part of a loan restructuring, and the risk management results related to the credit portfolio.
Fixed Income Markets: primarily includes revenue related to market-making across global fixed income markets, including foreign exchange, interest rate, credit and commodities markets.
Equity Markets: primarily includes revenue related to market-making across global equity products, including cash instruments, derivatives, convertibles and prime brokerage.
Securities Services: primarily includes custody, fund accounting and administration, and securities lending products sold principally to asset managers, insurance companies and public and private investment funds. Also includes collateral management and depositary receipts businesses which provide collateral management products, and depositary bank services for American and global depositary receipt programs.
Description of certain business metrics:
Assets under custody (“AUC”): represents activities associated with the safekeeping and servicing of assets on which Securities Services earns fees.
Investment banking fees: represents advisory, equity underwriting, bond underwriting and loan syndication fees.
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COMMERCIAL BANKING (“CB”)
Commercial Banking provides comprehensive financial solutions, including lending, payments, investment banking and asset management products across three primary client segments: Middle Market Banking, Corporate Client Banking and Commercial Real Estate Banking. Other includes amounts not aligned with a primary client segment.
Middle Market Banking: covers small and midsized companies, local governments and nonprofit clients.
Corporate Client Banking: covers large corporations.
Commercial Real Estate Banking: covers investors, developers, and owners of multifamily, office, retail, industrial and affordable housing properties.
CB product revenue comprises the following:
Lending: includes a variety of financing alternatives, which are primarily provided on a secured basis; collateral includes receivables, inventory, equipment, real estate or other assets. Products include term loans, revolving lines of credit, bridge financing, asset-based structures, leases, and standby letters of credit.
Payments: includes cash management solutions, which primarily includes merchant acquiring, cross border and domestic payments, liquidity and account services, and global trade solutions offered to CB clients.

Investment banking: includes revenue from a range of products providing CB clients with sophisticated capital-raising alternatives, as well as balance sheet and risk management tools through advisory, equity underwriting, and loan syndications. Revenue from fixed income and equity market products used by CB clients is also included.
Other: revenue primarily includes tax-equivalent adjustments generated from Community Development Banking and activity derived from principal transactions.
ASSET & WEALTH MANAGEMENT (“AWM”)
Assets under management (“AUM”): represent assets managed by AWM on behalf of its Private Banking, Global Institutional and Global Funds clients. Includes “Committed capital not Called.”
Client assets: represent assets under management, as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Multi-asset: Any fund or account that allocates assets under management to more than one asset class.
Alternative assets: The following types of assets constitute alternative investments – hedge funds, currency, real estate, private equity and other investment funds designed to focus on nontraditional strategies.
AWM’s lines of business consist of the following:
Asset Management: offers multi-asset investment management solutions across equities, fixed income, alternatives and money market funds to institutional and retail investors providing for a broad range of clients’ investment needs.
Global Private Bank: provides retirement products and services, brokerage, custody, trusts and estates, loans, mortgages, deposits and investment management to high net worth clients.
AWM’s client segments consist of the following:
Private Banking: clients include high- and ultra-high-net-worth individuals, families, money managers and business owners.
Global Institutional: clients include both corporate and public institutions, endowments, foundations, nonprofit organizations and governments worldwide.
Global Funds: clients include financial intermediaries and individual investors.
Asset Management has two high-level measures of its overall fund performance:
Percentage of mutual fund assets under management in funds rated 4- or 5-star: Mutual fund rating services rank funds based on their risk-adjusted performance over various periods. A 5-star rating is the best rating and represents the top 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 4-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 3-star rating represents the next 35% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 2-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 1-star rating is the worst rating and represents the bottom 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. An overall Morningstar rating is derived from a weighted average of the performance associated with a fund’s three-, five- and ten- year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. For U.S.-domiciled funds, separate star ratings are provided at the individual share class level. The Nomura “star rating” is based on three-year risk-adjusted performance only. Funds with fewer than three years of history are not rated and hence excluded from these rankings. All ratings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive these rankings are sourced from the applicable fund rating provider.
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Where applicable, the fund rating providers redenominate asset values into U.S. dollars. The percentage of AUM is based on star ratings at the share class level for U.S.-domiciled funds, and at a “primary share class” level to represent the star rating of all other funds, except for Japan, for which Nomura provides ratings at the fund level. The performance data may have been different if all share classes had been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Percentage of mutual fund assets under management in funds ranked in the 1st or 2nd quartile (one, three, and five years): All quartile rankings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive these rankings are sourced from the fund rating providers. Quartile rankings are based on the net-of-fee absolute return of each fund. Where applicable, the fund rating providers redenominate asset values into U.S. dollars. The percentage of AUM is based on fund performance and associated peer rankings at the share class level for U.S.-domiciled funds, at a “primary share class” level to represent the quartile ranking for U.K., Luxembourg and Hong Kong funds and at the fund level for all other funds. The performance data may have been different if all share classes had been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
“Primary share class” means the C share class for European funds and Acc share class for Hong Kong and Taiwan funds. If these share classes are not available, the oldest share class is used as the primary share class.
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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Refer to the Market Risk Management section of Management’s discussion and analysis and pages 131-138 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Firm’s management, including its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Refer to Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 for the Certifications furnished by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively.
The Firm is committed to maintaining high standards of internal control over financial reporting. Nevertheless, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Deficiencies or lapses in internal controls may occur from time to time, and there can be no assurance that any such deficiencies will not result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in internal control in the future and collateral consequences therefrom. Refer to “Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting” on page 155 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information.
On May 1, 2023, the Firm acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank from the FDIC. The Firm has included internal controls over these acquired assets and assumed liabilities in its evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures. Otherwise, there was no change in the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting.
Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Refer to the discussion of the Firm’s material legal proceedings in Note 26 of this Form 10-Q for information that updates the disclosures set forth under Part I, Item 3: Legal Proceedings, in JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
The following discussion supplements the discussion of risk factors affecting the Firm as set forth in Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 9-32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K and Forward-Looking Statements on page 95 of this Form 10-Q. The discussion of risk factors, as so supplemented, sets forth the material risk factors that could affect JPMorgan Chase’s financial condition and operations. Readers should not consider any descriptions of such factors to be a complete set of all potential risks that could affect the Firm.
JPMorgan Chase’s acquisition of certain assets and liabilities of First Republic Bank may not result in all of the benefits anticipated.
On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank from the FDIC (the “First Republic acquisition”). There can be no assurance that the First Republic acquisition will have the anticipated positive results, including with respect to:
•the total cost of integration
•the time required to complete the integration
•the amount of longer-term cost savings
•the overall performance of the assets and liabilities acquired in the First Republic acquisition, or
•an improved price for JPMorgan Chase’s common stock.
Integration of an acquired business can be complex and costly, and typically will involve the combination of relevant accounting and data processing systems and management controls, as well as managing relevant relationships with employees, clients, suppliers and other business partners. Integration efforts could divert management attention and resources, which could adversely affect JPMorgan Chase’s operations or results. In addition, JPMorgan Chase could incur unanticipated costs or losses in connection with the First Republic acquisition and its integration efforts.
Acquisitions may also result in business disruptions that cause JPMorgan Chase to lose clients and customers, or cause clients and customers to move their business to competing financial institutions. It is possible that the integration process could result in the disruption of ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies that could adversely affect JPMorgan Chase’s ability to maintain relationships with clients, customers, depositors and employees. In addition, the loss of key employees in connection with the First Republic acquisition could adversely affect JPMorgan Chase’s ability to successfully conduct its business.
Supervision and regulation
Refer to the Supervision and regulation section on pages 4–8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for information on Supervision and Regulation.
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
The Firm did not have any unregistered sale of equity securities during the three months ended June 30, 2023.
Repurchases under the common share repurchase program
Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 48-53 of this Form 10-Q and pages 86-96 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2022 Form 10-K for information regarding repurchases under the Firm’s common share repurchase program.
The Firm is authorized to purchase up to $30 billion under its common share repurchase program previously approved by the Board of Directors.
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Shares repurchased pursuant to the common share repurchase program during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows.
Six months ended June 30, 2023 Total number of shares of common stock repurchased
Average price paid per share of common stock(a)
Aggregate purchase price of common stock repurchases
 (in millions)(a)
Dollar value of remaining authorized repurchase
(in millions)(a)(b)
First quarter 21,995,253  $ 133.67  $ 2,940  $ 26,693 
April 5,327,553  $ 134.39  $ 716  $ 25,977 
May 6,251,030  136.77  855  25,122 
June 5,132,716  140.66  722  24,400 
Second quarter 16,711,299  $ 137.20  $ 2,293  $ 24,400 
Year-to-date 38,706,552  $ 135.19  $ 5,233  $ 24,400 
(a)Excludes excise tax and commissions cost. As part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, a 1% excise tax was imposed on net share repurchases effective January 1, 2023.
(b)Represents the amount remaining under the $30 billion repurchase program.
Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5.    Other Information.
Director and executive officer trading arrangements
The following table provides information concerning Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements adopted in the second quarter of 2023 by any director or any executive officer who is subject to the filing requirements of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These trading arrangements are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c). Certain of the Firm's directors and executive officers may participate in employee stock purchase plans, 401(k) plans or dividend reinvestment plans of the Firm that have been designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1(c). No non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements were adopted by any director or executive officer during the second quarter of 2023. Additionally, no Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements were terminated by any director or executive officer in the second quarter of 2023.
Name Title Adoption date
Duration(a)
 Aggregate number of shares to be sold
Stacey Friedman General Counsel May 6, 2023 May 6, 2023 - December 29, 2023 8,620 
Marianne Lake Co-CEO, CCB May 12, 2023 May 12, 2023 - December 29, 2023 32,243 
(a)Subject to compliance with Rule 10b5-1, duration could cease earlier than the final date shown above to the extent that the aggregate number of shares to be sold under the trading arrangement have been sold.

Iran threat reduction disclosure
Pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, which added Section 13(r) to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, an issuer is required to disclose in its annual or quarterly reports, as applicable, whether it or any of its affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with individuals or entities designated pursuant to certain Executive Orders. Disclosure may be required even where the activities, transactions or dealings were conducted in compliance with applicable law. As of the date of this report, the Firm is not aware of any activity, transaction or dealing by any of its affiliates during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 that requires disclosure under Section 219.

During the first quarter of 2023, a foreign-incorporated subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. processed a transaction in the amount of EUR 9.90 for its client, a non-U.S. subsidiary of a U.S. insurance provider, where the transaction originated from an external account held by an individual designated under 31 C.F.R. Part 594. The transaction, which was received into the client’s account held at the foreign-incorporated subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., was for the premium of a non-life insurance product that is now suspended and no funds were made available to the designated individual. The transaction was processed in error. JPMorgan Chase & Co. charged a fee of $0.006 for this transaction. JPMorgan Chase & Co. does not intend to engage in such transactions in the future.





210


Item 6.    Exhibits.
Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
15
22
31.1
31.2
32
101.INS
The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.(c)
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.(a)
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.(a)
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.(a)
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.(a)
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.(a)
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101).
(a)Filed herewith.
(b)Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(c)Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, includes the following financial information included in the Firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) interactive data files: (i) the Consolidated statements of income (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, (ii) the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, (iii) the Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited) as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, (iv) the Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, (v) the Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
211

SIGNATURE



Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
(Registrant)

By: /s/ Elena Korablina
Elena Korablina
Managing Director and Firmwide Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: August 3, 2023





212
EX-15 2 corpq22023exhibit15.htm EX-15 Document

Exhibit 15
pwclogobwaa10.jpg
August 3, 2023

Securities and Exchange Commission 100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, DC 20549


Re:     JPMorgan Chase & Co.

    Registration Statements on Form S-3
    (No. 333-270004)
    (No. 333-270004-01)
    (No. 333-263304)


    Registration Statements on Form S-8
(No. 333-272306)
(No. 333-272303)
(No. 333-272302)
(No. 333-272299)
    (No. 333-219702)
    (No. 333-219701)
    (No. 333-219699)
    (No. 333-185584)
    (No. 333-185582)
    (No. 333-185581)
    (No. 333-175681)
    (No. 333-158325)
    (No. 333-142109)
    (No. 333-125827)
    (No. 333-112967)

Commissioners:


We are aware that our report dated August 3, 2023 on our review of interim financial information of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries (the “Firm”), which appears in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statements of the Firm referred to above. Pursuant to Rule 436(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, such report should not be considered a part of such Registration Statements, and is not a report within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of that Act.


Very truly yours,
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP




PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017

EX-22 3 corpq22023exhibit22.htm EX-22 Document

Exhibit 22
JPMorgan Chase & Co.

JPMorgan Chase & Co. guarantee of subsidiary issuances

Securities Guarantor
JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC has issued, from time to time, its Global Medium-Term Notes, Series A, under the Indenture dated February 19, 2016 (“Series A Notes”), that are each fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co. In addition, JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC may issue, from time to time, debt securities (including its Series A Notes) and warrants that are each fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co. under the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement Nos. 333-270004 and 333-270004-01), which was declared effective on April 13, 2023. JPMorgan Chase & Co.









EX-31.1 4 corpq22023exhibit311.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1
JPMorgan Chase & Co.

CERTIFICATION

I, James Dimon, certify that:
1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of JPMorgan Chase & Co.;
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)     Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)     Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)     Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)     Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
(a)     All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)     Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 3, 2023

/s/ James Dimon    
James Dimon
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer


EX-31.2 5 corpq22023exhibit312.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2
JPMorgan Chase & Co.

CERTIFICATION

I, Jeremy Barnum, certify that:
1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of JPMorgan Chase & Co.;
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)     Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)     Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)     Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)     Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
(a)     All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)     Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 3, 2023

/s/ Jeremy Barnum    
Jeremy Barnum
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer


EX-32 6 corpq22023exhibit32.htm EX-32 Document

Exhibit 32
JPMorgan Chase & Co.


CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002


In connection with the Quarterly Report of JPMorgan Chase & Co. on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of JPMorgan Chase & Co., certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1.    The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Date: August 3, 2023 By: /s/ James Dimon
James Dimon
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Date: August 3, 2023 By: /s/ Jeremy Barnum
Jeremy Barnum
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer


This certification accompanies this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to, and will be retained by, JPMorgan Chase & Co. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.