株探米国株
英語
エドガーで原本を確認する
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2023
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to 
Commission file number: 001-31343

Associated Banc-Corp
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Wisconsin 39-1098068
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
433 Main Street
Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(920) 491-7500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(not applicable)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share ASB New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shrs, each representing 1/40th intrst in a shr of 5.875% Non-Cum. Perp Pref Stock, Srs E ASB PrE New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shrs, each representing 1/40th intrst in a shr of 5.625% Non-Cum. Perp Pref Stock, Srs F ASB PrF New York Stock Exchange
6.625% Fixed-Rate Reset Subordinated Notes due 2033 ASBA New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes  ☑        No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes  ☑        No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer 
Non-accelerated filer   Smaller reporting company  
Emerging growth company 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes  ☐        No  ☑
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

The number of shares outstanding of registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at October 23, 2023 was 150,939,712.
1


ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Table of Contents
    Page

2


ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Commonly Used Terms
The following listing provides a reference of common acronyms, abbreviations, and other defined terms used throughout the document:
ACLL Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
AFS Available for Sale
ALCO Asset / Liability Committee
ASU Accounting Standards Update
the Bank Associated Bank, National Association
Basel III International framework established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision for the regulation of capital and liquidity
bp basis point(s)
BTFP Bank Term Funding Program
Call Report Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income
CDs Certificates of Deposit
CDIs Core Deposit Intangibles
CECL Current Expected Credit Losses
CET1 Common Equity Tier 1
CFPB Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Corporation / our Associated Banc-Corp collectively with all of its subsidiaries and affiliates
CRA Community Reinvestment Act
CRE Commercial Real Estate
EAR Earnings at Risk
Exchange Act Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Reserve Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FFELP Federal Family Education Loan Program
FHLB Federal Home Loan Bank
FHLMC Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
FICO Fair Isaac Corporation, provider of a broad-based risk score to aid in credit decisions
FNMA Federal National Mortgage Association
FTEs Full-time equivalent employees
FTP Funds Transfer Pricing
GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
GNMA Government National Mortgage Association
GSEs Government-Sponsored Enterprises
HTM Held to Maturity
LOCOM Lower of Cost or Market
LTV Loan-to-Value
Moody's
Moody’s Investors Service
MSRs Mortgage Servicing Rights
MVE Market Value of Equity
NAV Measured at fair value using Net Asset Value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient
Net Free Funds Noninterest-bearing sources of funds
NPAs Nonperforming Assets
OCI Other Comprehensive Income
OREO Other Real Estate Owned
3


Parent Company Associated Banc-Corp individually
RAP Retirement Account Plan - the Corporation's noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan
Repurchase Agreements Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Restricted Stock Awards Restricted common stock and restricted common stock units to certain key employees
Retirement Eligible Colleagues Colleagues whose retirement meets the early retirement or normal retirement definitions under the applicable equity compensation plan
ROCET1
Return on Common Equity Tier 1
SBA Small Business Administration
SEC U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Series E Preferred Stock The Corporation's 5.875% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, liquidation preference $1,000 per share
Series F Preferred Stock The Corporation's 5.625% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F, liquidation preference $1,000 per share
SOFR Secured Overnight Finance Rate
TDRs Troubled Debt Restructurings
YTD Year-to-Date

4


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements:
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Balance Sheets
  Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
 (In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited) (Audited)
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 388,694  $ 436,952 
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions 323,130  156,693 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell 965  27,810 
AFS investment securities, at fair value 3,491,679  2,742,025 
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost 3,900,415  3,960,398 
Equity securities 35,937  25,216 
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks, at cost 268,698  295,496 
Residential loans held for sale 54,790  20,383 
Loans 30,193,187  28,799,569 
Allowance for loan losses (345,795) (312,720)
Loans, net 29,847,392  28,486,849 
Tax credit and other investments 256,905  276,773 
Premises and equipment, net 373,017  376,906 
Bank and corporate owned life insurance 679,775  676,530 
Goodwill 1,104,992  1,104,992 
Other intangible assets, net 42,674  49,282 
Mortgage servicing rights, net 89,131  77,351 
Interest receivable 171,119  144,449 
Other assets 608,068  547,621 
Total assets $ 41,637,381  $ 39,405,727 
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits $ 6,422,994  $ 7,760,811 
Interest-bearing deposits 25,700,332  21,875,343 
Total deposits 32,123,326  29,636,154 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 451,644  585,139 
Commercial paper —  20,798 
FHLB advances 3,733,041  4,319,861 
Other long-term funding 529,459  248,071 
Allowance for unfunded commitments 34,776  38,776 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 637,491  541,438 
Total liabilities $ 37,509,738  $ 35,390,237 
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred equity $ 194,112  $ 194,112 
Common equity
Common stock $ 1,752  $ 1,752 
Surplus 1,711,454  1,712,733 
Retained earnings 3,074,014  2,904,882 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) (339,140) (272,799)
Treasury stock, at cost (514,549) (525,190)
Total common equity 3,933,531  3,821,378 
Total stockholders’ equity 4,127,643  4,015,490 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 41,637,381  $ 39,405,727 
Preferred shares authorized (par value $1.00 per share)
750,000  750,000 
Preferred shares issued and outstanding 200,000  200,000 
Common shares authorized (par value $0.01 per share)
250,000,000  250,000,000 
Common shares issued 175,216,409  175,216,409 
Common shares outstanding 150,951,209  150,444,019 
Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
5


Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
  Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
 (In thousands, except per share data)
2023 2022 2023 2022
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans $ 447,912  $ 275,666  $ 1,262,538  $ 643,239 
Interest and dividends on investment securities
Taxable 38,210  19,221  104,197  54,009 
Tax-exempt 15,941  16,538  47,960  49,025 
Other interest 6,575  3,284  17,990  7,696 
Total interest income 508,637  314,708  1,432,685  753,969 
Interest expense
Interest on deposits 193,131  26,000  464,749  37,590 
Interest on federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 3,100  756  8,504  1,200 
Interest on other short-term funding — 
Interest on FHLB advances 48,143  20,792  147,365  38,663 
Interest on long-term funding 10,019  2,722  25,895  8,182 
Total interest expense 254,394  50,270  646,514  85,637 
Net interest income 254,244  264,439  786,171  668,332 
Provision for credit losses 21,943  16,998  62,014  13,006 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 232,301  247,440  724,157  655,326 
Noninterest income
Wealth management fees 20,828  19,984  61,499  63,719 
Service charges and deposit account fees 12,864  15,029  38,230  48,392 
Card-based fees 11,510  11,479  33,492  32,847 
Other fee-based revenue 4,509  4,487  13,249  12,613 
Capital markets, net 5,368  7,675  15,544  24,331 
Mortgage banking, net 6,501  2,098  17,814  16,635 
Bank and corporate owned life insurance 2,047  1,827  6,882  8,004 
Asset gains, net 625  18  590  1,883 
Investment securities gains (losses), net (11) 5,664  55  5,676 
Other 2,339  2,527  6,841  6,613 
Total noninterest income 66,579  70,788  194,195  220,713 
Noninterest expense
Personnel 117,159  118,243  347,669  335,720 
Technology 26,172  22,694  73,990  65,401 
Occupancy 14,125  13,717  42,775  43,948 
Business development and advertising 7,100  6,778  20,054  17,388 
Equipment 5,016  4,921  14,921  14,841 
Legal and professional 4,461  4,159  13,149  14,118 
Loan and foreclosure costs 2,049  1,631  4,822  5,121 
FDIC assessment 9,150  5,800  25,575  16,300 
Other intangible amortization 2,203  2,203  6,608  6,608 
Other 8,771  15,645  24,726  31,057 
Total noninterest expense 196,205  195,791  574,291  550,503 
Income before income taxes 102,674  122,438  344,061  325,536 
Income tax expense 19,426  26,163  70,299  68,176 
Net income 83,248  96,275  273,762  257,360 
Preferred stock dividends 2,875  2,875  8,625  8,625 
Net income available to common equity $ 80,373  $ 93,400  $ 265,137  $ 248,735 
Earnings per common share
Basic $ 0.53  $ 0.62  $ 1.76  $ 1.66 
Diluted $ 0.53  $ 0.62  $ 1.75  $ 1.65 
Average common shares outstanding
Basic 150,035  149,321  149,929  149,063 
Diluted 151,014  150,262  150,971  150,205 
Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
6


Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income $ 83,248  $ 96,275  $ 273,762  $ 257,360 
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax
AFS investment securities
Net unrealized (losses) (56,924) (100,092) (69,512) (268,413)
Unrealized (losses) on AFS securities transferred to HTM securities —  —  —  (67,604)
Amortization of net unrealized losses on AFS securities transferred to HTM securities 2,327  2,888  6,883  7,269 
Reclassification adjustment for net (gains) realized in net income —  —  —  (12)
Income tax benefit 13,928  24,810  15,879  83,906 
Other comprehensive (loss) on AFS securities (40,669) (72,394) (46,751) (244,854)
Cash flow hedge derivatives
Net unrealized (losses) (13,592) —  (33,976) — 
Reclassification adjustment for net losses realized in net income 4,516  —  9,097  — 
Income tax benefit 2,315  —  5,488  — 
Other comprehensive (loss) on cash flow hedge derivatives (6,762) —  (19,391) — 
Defined benefit pension and postretirement obligations
Amortization of prior service cost (81) (82) (244) (244)
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss (7) 347  15  494 
Income tax benefit (expense) 23  (474) 31  (470)
Other comprehensive (loss) on pension and postretirement obligations (66) (209) (198) (221)
Total other comprehensive (loss) (47,497) (72,603) (66,340) (245,074)
Comprehensive income $ 35,751  $ 23,672  $ 207,422  $ 12,286 
Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

7


Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:    
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data) Preferred Equity Common Stock Surplus Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
 (Loss)
Treasury Stock Total
Balance, December 31, 2022 $ 194,112  $ 1,752  $ 1,712,733  $ 2,904,882  $ (272,799) $ (525,190) $ 4,015,490 
Comprehensive income:
Net income —  —  —  103,360  —  —  103,360 
Other comprehensive income —  —  —  —  39,211  —  39,211 
Comprehensive income 142,571 
Common stock issued:
Stock-based compensation plans, net —  —  (12,612) —  —  14,379  1,766 
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans —  —  —  —  —  (5,362) (5,362)
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.21 per share —  —  —  (32,013) —  —  (32,013)
Preferred stock(a)
—  —  —  (2,875) —  —  (2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net —  —  6,086  —  —  —  6,086 
Balance, March 31, 2023 $ 194,112  $ 1,752  $ 1,706,206  $ 2,973,354  $ (233,588) $ (516,173) $ 4,125,663 
Comprehensive income:
Net income —  —  —  87,154  —  —  87,154 
Other comprehensive (loss) —  —  —  —  (58,054) —  (58,054)
Comprehensive income 29,100 
Common stock issued:
Stock-based compensation plans, net —  —  (1,677) —  —  1,770  93 
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans —  —  —  —  —  (884) (884)
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.21 per share —  —  —  (31,996) —  —  (31,996)
Preferred stock(a)
—  —  —  (2,875) —  —  (2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net —  —  3,773  —  —  —  3,773 
Balance, June 30, 2023 $ 194,112  $ 1,752  $ 1,708,303  $ 3,025,637  $ (291,642) $ (515,287) $ 4,122,874 
Comprehensive income:
Net income —  —  —  83,248  —  —  83,248 
Other comprehensive (loss) —  —  —  —  (47,497) —  (47,497)
Comprehensive income 35,751 
Common stock issued:
Stock-based compensation plans, net —  —  (497) —  —  999  503 
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans —  —  —  —  —  (261) (261)
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.21 per share —  —  —  (31,996) —  —  (31,996)
Preferred stock(a)
—  —  —  (2,875) —  —  (2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net —  —  3,648  —  —  —  3,648 
Balance, September 30, 2023 $ 194,112  $ 1,752  $ 1,711,454  $ 3,074,014  $ (339,140) $ (514,549) $ 4,127,643 
Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
(a) Series E, $0.3671875 per share; and Series F, $0.3515625 per share.


8


(In thousands, except per share data) Preferred Equity Common Stock Surplus Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Treasury Stock Total
Balance, December 31, 2021 $ 193,195  $ 1,752  $ 1,713,851  $ 2,672,601  $ (10,317) $ (546,229) $ 4,024,853 
Change in accounting principle(a)
—  —  —  1,713  —  —  1,713 
Total stockholders' equity at beginning of period, as adjusted 193,195  1,752  1,713,851  2,674,314  (10,317) (546,229) 4,026,566 
Comprehensive (loss):
Net income —  —  —  74,262  —  —  74,262 
Other comprehensive (loss) —  —  —  —  (126,708) —  (126,708)
Comprehensive (loss) (52,445)
Common stock issued:
Stock-based compensation plans, net —  —  (11,911) —  —  18,565  6,654 
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans —  —  —  —  —  (5,193) (5,193)
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.20 per share —  —  —  (30,583) —  —  (30,583)
Preferred stock(b)
—  —  —  (2,875) —  —  (2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net —  —  6,164  —  —  —  6,164 
Balance, March 31, 2022 $ 193,195  $ 1,752  $ 1,708,104  $ 2,715,118  $ (137,024) $ (532,858) $ 3,948,287 
Comprehensive income:
Net income —  —  —  86,824  —  —  86,824 
Other comprehensive (loss) —  —  —  —  (45,764) —  (45,764)
Comprehensive income 41,060 
Common stock issued:
Stock-based compensation plans, net —  —  (1,771) —  —  1,910  139 
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans —  —  —  —  —  (884) (884)
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.20 per share —  —  —  (30,331) —  —  (30,331)
Preferred stock(b)
—  —  —  (2,875) —  —  (2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net —  —  3,986  —  —  —  3,986 
Balance, June 30, 2022 $ 193,195  $ 1,752  $ 1,710,319  $ 2,768,736  $ (182,788) $ (531,832) $ 3,959,382 
Comprehensive income:
Net income —  —  —  96,275  —  —  96,275 
Other comprehensive (loss) —  —  —  —  (72,603) —  (72,603)
Comprehensive income 23,672 
Common stock issued:
Stock-based compensation plans, net —  —  (3,274) —  —  4,540  1,266 
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans —  —  —  —  —  (181) (181)
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.20 per share —  —  —  (30,342) —  —  (30,342)
Preferred stock(b)
—  —  —  (2,875) —  —  (2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net —  —  3,030  —  —  —  3,030 
Other 916  —  —  (916) —  —  — 
Balance, September 30, 2022 $ 194,112  $ 1,752  $ 1,710,075  $ 2,830,877  $ (255,391) $ (527,473) $ 3,953,952 
Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
(a) MSRs at December 31, 2021 were carried at LOCOM. On January 1, 2022, the Corporation made the irrevocable election to account for MSRs at fair value.
(b) Series E, $0.3671875 per share; and Series F, $0.3515625 per share.


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.




9


Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
 ($ in thousands)
2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income $ 273,762  $ 257,360 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses 62,014  13,006 
Depreciation and amortization 34,703  33,743 
Change in MSRs valuation (14,658) (22,348)
Amortization of other intangible assets 6,608  6,608 
Amortization and accretion on earning assets, funding, and other, net 27,394  13,280 
Net amortization of tax credit investments 25,830  25,916 
(Gains) on sales of investment securities, net —  (260)
Asset (gains), net (590) (1,883)
Loss on mortgage banking activities, net 2,154  5,712 
Mortgage loans originated and acquired for sale (283,469) (535,694)
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale 254,619  620,352 
Changes in certain assets and liabilities:
(Increase) in interest receivable (26,670) (35,254)
Increase in interest payable 69,461  1,795 
(Decrease) in expense payable (22,632) (17,994)
Increase in net derivative position 3,721  320,972 
Net change in other assets and other liabilities (34,137) 37,018 
Net cash provided by operating activities 378,110  722,330 
Cash flows from investing activities
Net (increase) in loans (1,436,901) (3,595,331)
Purchases of:
AFS securities (1,109,501) (510,301)
HTM securities (41,524) (245,826)
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks and equity securities (114,985) (112,157)
Proceeds from:
Sales of AFS securities —  1,061 
Sale of FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks and equity securities 131,272  259 
Prepayments, calls, and maturities of AFS securities 288,313  392,275 
Prepayments, calls, and maturities of HTM securities 101,847  153,163 
Sales, prepayments, calls, and maturities of other assets 20,224  31,732 
Premises, equipment, and software, net of disposals (43,541) (45,441)
Net change in tax credit and alternative investments (19,615) (50,386)
Net cash (used in) investing activities (2,224,411) (3,980,951)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase in deposits 2,487,225  732,347 
Net (decrease) in short-term funding (154,292) (69,902)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term FHLB advances (580,000) 2,583,000 
Repayment of long-term FHLB advances (568) (413,523)
Proceeds from long-term FHLB advances 1,369  1,356 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term funding 292,740  — 
(Repayment) proceeds of finance lease principal (64) 327 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation plans 2,362  8,059 
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans (6,507) (6,259)
Cash dividends on common stock (96,005) (91,256)
Cash dividends on preferred stock (8,625) (8,625)
Net cash provided by financing activities 1,937,635  2,735,525 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 91,334  (523,096)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 621,455  1,025,515 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period(a)
$ 712,789  $ 502,419 
Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
(a) No restricted cash due to the Federal Reserve reducing the required reserve ratio to zero.
10


ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
 ($ in thousands)
2023 2022
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest $ 576,221  $ 83,337 
Cash paid for income and franchise taxes 68,382  6,087 
Loans and bank premises transferred to OREO 5,917  5,052 
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights 2,477  6,316 
Loans transferred into held for sale from portfolio, net 6,833  1,789 
Transfer of AFS securities to HTM securities —  1,621,990 
Unsettled trades to purchase securities —  4,130 
Write-up of equity securities without readily determinable fair values —  5,690 
Fair value adjustments on hedged long-term FHLB advances and subordinated debt 18,652  14,703 
Fair value adjustments on foreign currency exchange forwards 3,308  10,610 
Fair value adjustment on cash flow hedges (19,391) — 

11


Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the SEC and, therefore, certain information and footnote disclosures normally presented in accordance with GAAP have been omitted or abbreviated. The information contained on the consolidated financial statements and footnotes in Associated Banc-Corp's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K should be referred to in connection with the reading of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
Note 1 Basis of Presentation
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of the Corporation and Parent Company for the periods presented, and all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include the determination of the ACLL. Management has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition or disclosure.
Within the tables presented, certain columns and rows may not sum due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes.
Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accounting and reporting policies of the Corporation conform to U.S. GAAP and to general practice within the financial services industry. A discussion of these policies can be found in Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted
Standard Description Date of adoption Effect on financial statements
ASU 2022-02 Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures The FASB issued these amendments to eliminate accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables-Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, and to require that an entity disclose current-period gross writeoffs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses-Measured at Amortized Cost. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied prospectively, except as provided in the next sentence. For the transition method related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, an entity has the option to apply a modified retrospective transition method, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. Early adoption is permitted if an entity has adopted the amendments in Update 2016-03, including adoption in an interim period. 1st Quarter 2023 Adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Corporation's results of operation, financial position or liquidity, but resulted in additional disclosure requirements related to gross charge offs by vintage year and the removal of TDR disclosures, replaced by additional disclosures on the types of modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. The Corporation has adopted this update prospectively.
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Future Accounting Pronouncements
The expected impact of applicable material accounting pronouncements recently issued or proposed but not yet required to be adopted are discussed in the table below. To the extent that the adoption of new accounting standards materially affects the Corporation's financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or disclosures, the impacts are discussed in the applicable sections of this financial review.
Standard Description Date of anticipated adoption Effect on financial statements
ASU 2023-02 Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method The amendments in this update permit reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. A reporting entity may make an accounting policy election to apply the proportional amortization method on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than electing to apply the proportional amortization method at the reporting entity level or to individual investments. The amendments in this update also remove certain guidance for Qualified Affordable Housing Project investments and require the application of the delayed equity contribution guidance to all tax equity investments. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and must be applied on either a modified retrospective or a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period, however if adopted in an interim period the entity shall adopt the amendments in this update as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the interim period. 1st Quarter 2024 The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact on its results of operation, financial position, liquidity, and disclosures.
Note 3 Earnings Per Common Share
Earnings per common share are calculated utilizing the two-class method. Basic earnings per common share are calculated by dividing the sum of distributed earnings to common shareholders and undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are calculated by dividing the sum of distributed earnings to common shareholders and undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock awards (outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock awards). Presented below are the calculations for basic and diluted earnings per common share:
  Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
 ($ in thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income $ 83,248  $ 96,275  $ 273,762  $ 257,360 
Preferred stock dividends (2,875) (2,875) (8,625) (8,625)
Net income available to common equity $ 80,373  $ 93,400  $ 265,137  $ 248,735 
Common shareholder dividends (31,806) (30,149) (95,417) (90,647)
Unvested share-based payment awards (190) (194) (588) (609)
Undistributed earnings $ 48,377  $ 63,057  $ 169,132  $ 157,479 
Undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders $ 48,090  $ 62,648  $ 168,136  $ 156,454 
Undistributed earnings allocated to unvested share-based payment awards 287  409  996  1,025 
Undistributed earnings $ 48,377  $ 63,057  $ 169,132  $ 157,479 
Basic
Distributed earnings to common shareholders $ 31,806  $ 30,149  $ 95,417  $ 90,647 
Undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders 48,090  62,648  168,136  156,454 
Total common shareholders earnings, basic $ 79,896  $ 92,796  $ 263,553  $ 247,102 
Diluted
Distributed earnings to common shareholders $ 31,806  $ 30,149  $ 95,417  $ 90,647 
Undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders 48,090  62,648  168,136  156,454 
Total common shareholders earnings, diluted $ 79,896  $ 92,796  $ 263,553  $ 247,102 
Weighted average common shares outstanding 150,035  149,321  149,929  149,063 
Effect of dilutive common stock awards 980  942  1,042  1,141 
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 151,014  150,262  150,971  150,205 
Basic earnings per common share $ 0.53  $ 0.62  $ 1.76  $ 1.66 
Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.53  $ 0.62  $ 1.75  $ 1.65 
Approximately 4 million and 3 million anti-dilutive common stock shares were excluded from the earnings per common share calculation for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and approximately 3 million anti-dilutive common stock shares were excluded from the earnings per common share calculation for both the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
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Note 4 Stock-Based Compensation
The fair values of stock options and restricted stock awards are amortized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the grants. For colleagues who meet the definition of retirement eligible under the 2017 Incentive Compensation Plan and the 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan, expenses related to stock options and restricted stock awards are fully recognized on the date the colleague meets the definition of normal or early retirement. Compensation expense recognized is included in personnel expense on the consolidated statements of income.
A summary of the Corporation’s stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is presented below:
Stock Options
Shares(a)
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Aggregate Intrinsic Value(a)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 3,994  $ 21.06  5.11 years $ 10,525 
Exercised 61  17.04 
Forfeited or expired 10  23.45 
Outstanding at September 30, 2023 3,923  $ 21.12  4.41 years $ 107 
Options Exercisable at September 30, 2023 3,709  $ 21.30  4.29 years $ 81 
(a) In thousands
Intrinsic value represents the amount by which the fair market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the stock option. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the intrinsic value of stock options exercised was approximately $272,000, compared to $3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the total fair value of stock options vested was approximately $955,000 compared to $2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The Corporation recognized compensation expense for the vesting of stock options of approximately $265,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to approximately $587,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. At September 30, 2023, the Corporation had approximately $113,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options that is expected to be recognized over the remaining requisite service periods that extend predominately through the first quarter of 2024.
The Corporation also has issued time-based and performance-based restricted stock awards under the 2017 Incentive Compensation Plan and subsequent 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan. Performance awards are based on performance goals determined by the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Corporation's Board of Directors, with vesting ranging from a minimum of 0% to a maximum of 150% of the target award. Performance awards are valued utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate fair value of the awards at the grant date.
The following table summarizes information about the Corporation’s restricted stock awards activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
Restricted Stock
Shares(a)
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 2,303  $ 20.81 
Granted 830  22.47 
Vested 771  21.01 
Forfeited 35  22.10 
Outstanding at September 30, 2023 2,327  $ 21.32 
(a) In thousands
The Corporation amortizes the expense related to restricted stock awards as compensation expense over the vesting period specified in the grant's award agreement. Performance-based restricted stock awards granted during 2022 and 2023 will cliff-vest after the three year performance period has ended. Service-based restricted stock awards granted during 2022 and 2023 will generally vest ratably over a period of four years. Expense for restricted stock awards of $14 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $13 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Included in compensation expense for the first nine months of 2023 was $3 million of expense for the accelerated vesting of restricted stock awards granted to retirement eligible colleagues. The Corporation had $23 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock awards at September 30, 2023 that are expected to be recognized over the remaining requisite service periods that extend predominately through the first quarter of 2027.
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The Corporation has the ability to issue shares from treasury or new shares upon the exercise of stock options or the granting of restricted stock awards. The Board of Directors has authorized management to repurchase shares of the Corporation’s common stock, to be made available for issuance in connection with the Corporation’s employee incentive plans and for other corporate purposes. The repurchase of shares, if any, will be based on market and investment opportunities, capital levels, growth prospects, and regulatory constraints. Such repurchases may occur from time to time in open market purchases, block transactions, private transactions, accelerated share repurchase programs, or similar facilities.
Note 5 Investment Securities
Investment securities are designated as AFS, HTM, or equity on the consolidated balance sheets at the time of purchase. The amortized cost and fair values of AFS and HTM securities at September 30, 2023 were as follows:
($ in thousands) Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair Value
AFS investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities $ 124,555  $ —  $ (15,531) $ 109,024 
Agency securities 15,000  —  (1,410) 13,590 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities) 226,808  —  (16,492) 210,317 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 1,678,641  115  (241,997) 1,436,759 
GNMA 1,416,569  —  (31,898) 1,384,670 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 18,779  —  (2,625) 16,154 
GNMA 188,667  —  (12,193) 176,474 
Asset backed securities:
FFELP 140,881  83  (2,450) 138,514 
SBA 3,299  (46) 3,261 
Other debt securities 3,000  —  (85) 2,915 
Total AFS investment securities $ 3,816,198  $ 207  $ (324,727) $ 3,491,679 
HTM investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities $ 999  $ —  $ (51) $ 948 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities) 1,700,162  12  (279,659) 1,420,516 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 956,107  28,038  (220,577) 763,567 
GNMA 50,489  15  (5,192) 45,312 
Private-label 349,410  10,228  (85,120) 274,518 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 782,291  13,329  (206,522) 589,097 
GNMA 61,025  421  (9,506) 51,940 
Total HTM investment securities $ 3,900,483  $ 52,043  $ (806,627) $ 3,145,898 


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The amortized cost and fair values of AFS and HTM securities at December 31, 2022 were as follows:
($ in thousands) Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair Value
AFS investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities $ 124,441  $ —  $ (15,063) $ 109,378 
Agency securities 15,000  —  (1,468) 13,532 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities) 235,693  96  (5,074) 230,714 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 1,820,642  404  (216,436) 1,604,610 
GNMA 502,537  314  (5,255) 497,596 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 19,038  —  (1,896) 17,142 
GNMA 115,031  —  (4,569) 110,462 
Asset backed securities:
FFELP 157,138  —  (5,947) 151,191 
SBA 4,512  15  (51) 4,477 
Other debt securities 3,000  —  (78) 2,922 
Total AFS investment securities $ 2,997,032  $ 830  $ (255,837) $ 2,742,025 
HTM investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities $ 999  $ —  $ (62) $ 936 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities) 1,732,351  1,994  (182,697) 1,551,647 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 961,231  31,301  (175,760) 816,771 
GNMA 52,979  85  (3,436) 49,628 
Private-label 364,728  11,697  (72,920) 303,505 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 778,796  15,324  (178,281) 615,839 
GNMA 69,369  577  (7,254) 62,691 
 Total HTM investment securities $ 3,960,451  $ 60,978  $ (620,411) $ 3,401,018 
Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The expected maturities of AFS and HTM securities at September 30, 2023, are shown below:
  AFS HTM
($ in thousands) Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Due in one year or less $ 7,436  $ 7,368  $ 16,715  $ 16,673 
Due after one year through five years 190,843  170,918  47,774  46,115 
Due after five years through ten years 136,473  125,923  155,329  144,145 
Due after ten years 34,611  31,636  1,481,344  1,214,531 
Total debt securities 369,363  335,846  1,701,161  1,421,464 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 1,678,641  1,436,759  956,107  763,567 
GNMA 1,416,569  1,384,670  50,489  45,312 
Private-label —  —  349,410  274,518 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 18,779  16,154  782,291  589,097 
GNMA 188,667  176,474  61,025  51,940 
Asset backed securities:
FFELP 140,881  138,514  —  — 
SBA 3,299  3,261  —  — 
Total investment securities $ 3,816,198  $ 3,491,679  $ 3,900,483  $ 3,145,898 
Ratio of fair value to amortized cost 91.5  % 80.7  %
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On a quarterly basis, the Corporation refreshes the credit quality of each HTM security. The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators of HTM securities at amortized cost at September 30, 2023:
($ in thousands) AAA AA A Not Rated Total
U.S. Treasury securities $ 999  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 999 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities) 769,052  923,707  6,248  1,156  1,700,162 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 956,107  —  —  —  956,107 
GNMA 50,489  —  —  —  50,489 
Private-label 349,410  —  —  —  349,410 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 782,291  —  —  —  782,291 
GNMA 61,025  —  —  —  61,025 
Total HTM securities $ 2,969,372  $ 923,707  $ 6,248  $ 1,156  $ 3,900,483 
The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators of HTM securities at amortized cost at December 31, 2022:
($ in thousands) AAA AA A Not Rated Total
U.S. Treasury securities $ 999  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 999 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities) 806,529  917,059  7,604  1,158  1,732,351 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 961,231  —  —  —  961,231 
GNMA 52,979  —  —  —  52,979 
Private-label 364,728  —  —  —  364,728 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 778,796  —  —  —  778,796 
GNMA 69,369  —  —  —  69,369 
Total HTM securities $ 3,034,630  $ 917,059  $ 7,604  $ 1,158  $ 3,960,451 
The following table summarizes gross realized gains and losses on AFS securities, net write-up of equity securities, and proceeds from the sale of AFS investment securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Gross realized gains on AFS securities $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 21 
Gross realized (losses) on AFS securities —  —  —  (8)
Gain on sale and net write-up (down) of equity securities (11) 5,664  55  5,664 
Investment securities gains (losses), net $ (11) $ 5,664  $ 55  $ 5,676 
Proceeds from sales of AFS investment securities $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1,061 
During the third quarter of 2022, the Corporation sold its Visa Class B restricted shares obtained in the acquisition of First Staunton, which were carried at a zero-cost basis. The remaining shares, which are carried at fair value, were subsequently written up to reflect the new observable price resulting from that sale.
Investment securities with a carrying value of $1.6 billion and $2.3 billion at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were pledged as required to secure certain deposits or for other purposes.
Accrued interest receivable on HTM securities totaled $16 million and $19 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on AFS securities totaled $14 million and $9 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on both HTM and AFS securities is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. There was no interest income reversed for investments going into nonaccrual at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
A security is considered past due once it is 30 days past due under the terms of the agreement. At both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Corporation had no past due HTM securities.

The allowance for credit losses on HTM securities was approximately $67,000 at September 30, 2023 and approximately $54,000 at December 31, 2022, attributable entirely to the Corporation's municipal securities, included in HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation also holds U.S. Treasury, municipal, and mortgage-related securities issued by the U.S. government or a GSE which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and private-label residential mortgage-related securities that have credit enhancement which covers the first 15% of losses and, as a result, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded related to these securities.
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The following represents gross unrealized losses and the related fair value of AFS and HTM securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at September 30, 2023:
  Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
($ in thousands) Number
of
Securities
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
Number
of
Securities
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
AFS investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities —  $ —  $ —  $ (15,531) $ 109,024  $ (15,531) $ 109,024 
Agency securities —  —  —  (1,410) 13,590  (1,410) 13,590 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities) 229  (6,575) 108,953  182  (9,916) 100,413  (16,492) 209,367 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 20  (1,390) 24,258  107  (240,606) 1,394,562  (241,997) 1,418,820 
GNMA 75  (27,131) 1,271,478  17  (4,767) 61,087  (31,898) 1,332,565 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC —  —  —  (2,625) 16,154  (2,625) 16,154 
GNMA (5,848) 100,659  33  (6,345) 75,815  (12,193) 176,474 
Asset backed securities:
FFELP —  —  —  14  (2,450) 129,503  (2,450) 129,503 
SBA (1) 620  (46) 1,525  (46) 2,144 
Other debt securities (21) 979  (63) 1,937  (85) 2,915 
Total 336  $ (40,967) $ 1,506,947  371  $ (283,760) $ 1,903,609  $ (324,727) $ 3,410,556 
HTM investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities —  $ —  $ —  $ (51) $ 948  $ (51) $ 948 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities) 586  (48,660) 663,360  567  (230,998) 743,274  (279,659) 1,406,634 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 31  (2,239) 37,996  92  (218,338) 725,539  (220,577) 763,535 
GNMA (466) 11,058  78  (4,726) 34,253  (5,192) 45,312 
Private-label —  —  —  18  (85,120) 274,518  (85,120) 274,518 
 Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC (2,746) 24,130  43  (203,776) 564,968  (206,522) 589,097 
GNMA —  —  —  13  (9,506) 51,940  (9,506) 51,940 
Total 627  $ (54,112) $ 736,544  812  $ (752,515) $ 2,395,440  $ (806,627) $ 3,131,984 
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For comparative purposes, the following represents gross unrealized losses and the related fair value of AFS and HTM securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2022:
  Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
($ in thousands) Number
of
Securities
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
Number
of
Securities
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
AFS investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities —  $ —  $ —  $ (15,063) $ 109,378  $ (15,063) $ 109,378 
Agency securities —  —  —  (1,468) 13,532  (1,468) 13,532 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities) 358  (5,066) 201,260  (8) 1,916  (5,074) 203,176 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 24  (31,266) 260,986  84  (185,170) 1,321,420  (216,436) 1,582,406 
GNMA 23  (4,415) 220,276  (840) 11,096  (5,255) 231,372 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC (1,896) 17,142  —  —  —  (1,896) 17,142 
GNMA 33  (3,920) 101,036  (649) 9,426  (4,569) 110,462 
Asset backed securities:
FFELP (1,668) 44,304  12  (4,278) 106,887  (5,947) 151,191 
SBA (1) 417  (50) 2,057  (51) 2,474 
Other debt securities (30) 1,970  (49) 951  (78) 2,922 
Total 446  $ (48,263) $ 847,391  121  $ (207,575) $ 1,576,665  $ (255,837) $ 2,424,055 
HTM investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities $ (62) $ 936  —  $ —  $ —  $ (62) $ 936 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities) 771  (96,282) 1,079,216  156  (86,415) 231,022  (182,697) 1,310,238 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC 79  (18,925) 143,201  22  (156,836) 671,570  (175,760) 814,770 
GNMA 81  (3,436) 44,476  —  —  —  (3,436) 44,476 
Private-label (9,509) 58,733  15  (63,411) 244,772  (72,920) 303,505 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC (3,814) 20,338  39  (174,467) 576,911  (178,281) 597,249 
GNMA (2,528) 34,612  (4,726) 28,080  (7,254) 62,691 
Total 947  $ (134,556) $ 1,381,511  238  $ (485,855) $ 1,752,354  $ (620,411) $ 3,133,865 
The Corporation reviews the AFS investment securities portfolio on a quarterly basis to monitor its credit exposure. A determination as to whether a security’s decline in fair value is the result of credit risk takes into consideration numerous factors and the relative significance of any single factor can vary by security. Some factors the Corporation may consider in this impairment analysis include the extent to which the security has been in an unrealized loss position, the change in security rating, financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, as well as the security and industry specific economic conditions.
Based on the Corporation’s evaluation, management does not believe any unrealized losses at September 30, 2023 represent credit deterioration as these unrealized losses are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and the current market conditions. The Corporation does not intend to sell, nor does it believe that it will be required to sell, the securities in an unrealized loss position before recovery of their amortized cost basis.
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks: The Corporation is required to maintain Federal Reserve Bank stock and FHLB stock as a member bank of both the Federal Reserve System and the FHLB, and in amounts as required by these institutions. These equity securities are “restricted” in that they can only be sold back to the respective institutions or another member institution at par. Therefore, they are less liquid than other marketable equity securities and their fair value is equal to amortized cost. The Corporation had FHLB stock of $182 million and $209 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Corporation had Federal Reserve Bank stock of $87 million at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Accrued interest receivable on FHLB stock totaled $3 million at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There was approximately $958,000 of accrued interest receivable on Federal Reserve Bank Stock at September 30, 2023 and none at December 31, 2022. Accrued interest receivable on both FHLB stock and Federal Reserve Bank stock is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.
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Equity Securities
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values: The Corporation's portfolio of equity securities with readily determinable fair values is primarily comprised of CRA Qualified Investment mutual funds and other mutual funds. The Corporation had equity securities with readily determinable fair values of $7 million at September 30, 2023 and $6 million at December 31, 2022.
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values: The Corporation's portfolio of equity securities without readily determinable fair values, which primarily consists of Visa Class B restricted shares and an investment in a private SBA loan fund, was carried at $29 million and $19 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Note 6 Loans
The period end loan composition was as follows:
($ in thousands) Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
Commercial and industrial $ 10,099,068  $ 9,759,454 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 1,054,969  991,722 
Commercial and business lending 11,154,037  10,751,176 
Commercial real estate — investor 5,218,980  5,080,344 
Real estate construction 2,130,719  2,155,222 
Commercial real estate lending 7,349,699  7,235,565 
Total commercial 18,503,736  17,986,742 
Residential mortgage 8,782,645  8,511,550 
Auto finance 2,007,164  1,382,073 
Home equity 623,650  624,353 
Other consumer 275,993  294,851 
Total consumer 11,689,451  10,812,828 
Total loans $ 30,193,187  $ 28,799,569 
Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $136 million at September 30, 2023, and $113 million at December 31, 2022, and is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. Interest accrued but not received is reversed against interest income when a loan is placed on nonaccrual. The amount of accrued interest reversed was approximately $347,000 and $1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and approximately $189,000 and $328,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

20


The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at September 30, 2023:
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)
Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)
Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis YTD 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 477  $ 2,065,717  $ 1,775,767  $ 2,516,155  $ 1,427,787  $ 549,748  $ 481,866  $ 895,313  $ 9,712,353 
Special mention 39  26,400  39  39,694  8,731  3,667  —  26,136  104,666 
Potential problem 829  72,533  311  51,502  57,611  20,222  4,434  623  207,237 
Nonaccrual 14,756  —  13,945  20,299  18,898  21,617  —  53  74,812 
Commercial and industrial $ 16,101  $ 2,164,649  $ 1,790,062  $ 2,627,650  $ 1,513,027  $ 595,254  $ 486,300  $ 922,126  $ 10,099,068 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass $ —  $ 17,557  $ 133,133  $ 182,517  $ 196,057  $ 104,786  $ 142,602  $ 229,321  $ 1,005,973 
Special mention —  421  —  2,000  7,666  2,446  4,737  —  17,269 
Potential problem —  —  748  1,177  3,334  1,205  1,807  19,520  27,792 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  1,568  2,260  —  —  108  3,936 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied $ —  $ 17,978  $ 133,882  $ 187,262  $ 209,317  $ 108,436  $ 149,146  $ 248,950  $ 1,054,969 
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 477  $ 2,083,273  $ 1,908,900  $ 2,698,672  $ 1,623,845  $ 654,533  $ 624,468  $ 1,124,635  $ 10,718,325 
Special mention 39  26,821  39  41,694  16,396  6,112  4,737  26,136  121,935 
Potential problem 829  72,533  1,060  52,679  60,945  21,427  6,242  20,143  235,029 
Nonaccrual 14,756  —  13,945  21,868  21,158  21,617  —  161  78,748 
Commercial and business lending $ 16,101  $ 2,182,627  $ 1,923,943  $ 2,814,912  $ 1,722,344  $ 703,689  $ 635,446  $ 1,171,075  $ 11,154,037 
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass $ —  $ 157,976  $ 500,154  $ 1,278,072  $ 1,181,060  $ 687,373  $ 459,677  $ 634,704  $ 4,899,015 
Special mention —  —  9,400  54,103  26,330  —  64,801  5,608  160,243 
Potential problem —  —  6,425  5,842  4,771  69,079  10,903  51,820  148,840 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  10,882  10,882 
Commercial real estate - investor $ —  $ 157,976  $ 515,979  $ 1,338,016  $ 1,212,162  $ 756,452  $ 535,381  $ 703,014  $ 5,218,980 
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass $ —  $ 27,872  $ 251,100  $ 1,008,428  $ 716,123  $ 91,982  $ 11,970  $ 23,141  $ 2,130,617 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  103  103 
Real estate construction $ —  $ 27,872  $ 251,100  $ 1,008,428  $ 716,123  $ 91,982  $ 11,970  $ 23,244  $ 2,130,719 
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass $ —  $ 185,848  $ 751,254  $ 2,286,500  $ 1,897,183  $ 779,355  $ 471,646  $ 657,845  $ 7,029,632 
Special mention —  —  9,400  54,103  26,330  —  64,801  5,608  160,243 
Potential problem —  —  6,425  5,842  4,771  69,079  10,903  51,820  148,840 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  10,985  10,985 
Commercial real estate lending $ —  $ 185,848  $ 767,080  $ 2,346,445  $ 1,928,284  $ 848,434  $ 547,351  $ 726,258  $ 7,349,699 
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 477  $ 2,269,121  $ 2,660,154  $ 4,985,172  $ 3,521,028  $ 1,433,889  $ 1,096,114  $ 1,782,480  $ 17,747,957 
Special mention 39  26,821  9,439  95,797  42,727  6,112  69,538  31,744  282,178 
Potential problem 829  72,533  7,485  58,521  65,716  90,506  17,144  71,963  383,869 
Nonaccrual 14,756  —  13,945  21,868  21,158  21,617  —  11,146  89,732 
Total commercial $ 16,101  $ 2,368,474  $ 2,691,023  $ 5,161,357  $ 3,650,628  $ 1,552,123  $ 1,182,797  $ 1,897,334  $ 18,503,736 
21


Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)
Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)
Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis YTD 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass $ —  $ —  $ 294,499  $ 1,725,855  $ 2,176,722  $ 1,585,071  $ 757,087  $ 2,176,012  $ 8,715,245 
Potential problem —  —  —  80  —  77  347  744  1,247 
Nonaccrual —  —  142  3,098  7,003  7,506  6,742  41,662  66,153 
Residential mortgage $ —  $ —  $ 294,640  $ 1,729,032  $ 2,183,725  $ 1,592,654  $ 764,176  $ 2,218,418  $ 8,782,645 
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass $ —  $ —  $ 885,528  $ 1,031,283  $ 82,447  $ 204  $ 614  $ 202  $ 2,000,278 
Special mention —  —  601  1,436  316  —  —  —  2,353 
Nonaccrual —  —  452  3,551  527  —  —  4,533 
Auto finance $ —  $ —  $ 886,581  $ 1,036,271  $ 83,289  $ 204  $ 617  $ 202  $ 2,007,164 
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 7,318  $ 514,431  $ 4,986  $ 35,751  $ 1,671  $ 1,450  $ 4,703  $ 51,693  $ 614,685 
Special mention 343  102  —  40  73  —  55  542  811 
Potential problem 11  —  —  —  —  —  45  192  236 
Nonaccrual 832  67  —  68  105  99  373  7,205  7,917 
Home equity $ 8,504  $ 514,599  $ 4,986  $ 35,859  $ 1,849  $ 1,549  $ 5,175  $ 59,631  $ 623,650 
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 99  $ 193,494  $ 5,521  $ 3,933  $ 2,772  $ 1,234  $ 514  $ 67,749  $ 275,217 
Special mention 17  520  —  —  16  14  553 
Nonaccrual 81  66  11  73  11  52  222 
Other consumer $ 197  $ 194,079  $ 5,532  $ 3,934  $ 2,797  $ 1,321  $ 527  $ 67,803  $ 275,993 
Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 7,417  $ 707,925  $ 1,190,534  $ 2,796,822  $ 2,263,612  $ 1,587,959  $ 762,917  $ 2,295,656  $ 11,605,425 
Special mention 360  621  601  1,476  405  14  57  543  3,717 
Potential problem 11  —  —  80  —  77  392  935  1,483 
Nonaccrual 913  133  604  6,718  7,644  7,679  7,129  48,919  78,826 
Total consumer $ 8,701  $ 708,679  $ 1,191,739  $ 2,805,096  $ 2,271,661  $ 1,595,728  $ 770,495  $ 2,346,054  $ 11,689,451 
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 7,894  $ 2,977,046  $ 3,850,688  $ 7,781,993  $ 5,784,640  $ 3,021,848  $ 1,859,031  $ 4,078,136  $ 29,353,382 
Special mention 398  27,442  10,039  97,273  43,132  6,126  69,595  32,288  285,895 
Potential problem 841  72,533  7,485  58,600  65,716  90,583  17,536  72,899  385,352 
Nonaccrual 15,669  133  14,549  28,585  28,801  29,295  7,129  60,065  168,558 
Total loans $ 24,802  $ 3,077,153  $ 3,882,762  $ 7,966,452  $ 5,922,289  $ 3,147,851  $ 1,953,292  $ 4,243,388  $ 30,193,187 
(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.


22


The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at December 31, 2022:
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)
Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)
Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 1,423  $ 1,938,777  $ 3,245,546  $ 2,367,008  $ 567,833  $ 573,120  $ 330,642  $ 432,906  $ 9,455,833 
Special mention —  93,209  3,411  23,607  —  —  19  32,497  152,744 
Potential problem 447  24,549  41,400  4,193  21,887  38,169  218  6,133  136,549 
Nonaccrual 3,926  —  5,210  —  9,119  —  —  —  14,329 
Commercial and industrial $ 5,796  $ 2,056,535  $ 3,295,567  $ 2,394,809  $ 598,839  $ 611,289  $ 330,879  $ 471,535  $ 9,759,454 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass $ —  $ 12,447  $ 211,645  $ 225,627  $ 163,965  $ 160,370  $ 73,487  $ 97,420  $ 944,961 
Special mention —  —  —  —  1,136  1,491  9,713  —  12,339 
Potential problem —  1,325  1,238  11,141  5,523  10,769  370  4,055  34,422 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied $ —  $ 13,772  $ 212,883  $ 236,769  $ 170,624  $ 172,630  $ 83,570  $ 101,475  $ 991,722 
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 1,423  $ 1,951,224  $ 3,457,191  $ 2,592,636  $ 731,798  $ 733,490  $ 404,129  $ 530,326  $ 10,400,794 
Special mention —  93,209  3,411  23,607  1,136  1,491  9,732  32,497  165,083 
Potential problem 447  25,874  42,638  15,335  27,410  48,938  589  10,188  170,971 
Nonaccrual 3,926  —  5,210  —  9,119  —  —  —  14,329 
Commercial and business lending $ 5,796  $ 2,070,307  $ 3,508,450  $ 2,631,578  $ 769,463  $ 783,919  $ 414,449  $ 573,010  $ 10,751,176 
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 38,412  $ 106,280  $ 1,633,094  $ 1,419,000  $ 683,121  $ 530,444  $ 262,858  $ 210,299  $ 4,845,096 
Special mention —  —  61,968  24,149  7,361  9,400  —  10,455  113,333 
Potential problem —  —  16,147  21,303  27,635  1,333  19,017  7,099  92,535 
Nonaccrual —  —  2,177  25,668  —  —  —  1,535  29,380 
Commercial real estate - investor $ 38,412  $ 106,280  $ 1,713,387  $ 1,490,120  $ 718,117  $ 541,177  $ 281,875  $ 229,387  $ 5,080,344 
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass $ —  $ 29,892  $ 900,593  $ 913,107  $ 241,230  $ 12,062  $ 2,226  $ 9,775  $ 2,108,885 
Special mention —  —  —  —  12,174  33,087  —  —  45,261 
Potential problem —  —  —  —  970  —  —  —  970 
Nonaccrual —  —  —  —  —  —  —  105  105 
Real estate construction $ —  $ 29,892  $ 900,593  $ 913,107  $ 254,374  $ 45,149  $ 2,226  $ 9,880  $ 2,155,222 
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 38,412  $ 136,173  $ 2,533,687  $ 2,332,107  $ 924,351  $ 542,505  $ 265,083  $ 220,073  $ 6,953,981 
Special mention —  —  61,968  24,149  19,535  42,487  —  10,455  158,595 
Potential problem —  —  16,147  21,303  28,605  1,333  19,017  7,099  93,505 
Nonaccrual —  —  2,177  25,668  —  —  —  1,640  29,485 
Commercial real estate lending $ 38,412  $ 136,173  $ 2,613,980  $ 2,403,227  $ 972,492  $ 586,326  $ 284,101  $ 239,267  $ 7,235,565 
23


Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)
Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)
Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 39,835  $ 2,087,396  $ 5,990,879  $ 4,924,743  $ 1,656,149  $ 1,275,996  $ 669,213  $ 750,399  $ 17,354,774 
Special mention —  93,209  65,379  47,756  20,671  43,978  9,732  42,952  323,677 
Potential problem 447  25,874  58,785  36,638  56,016  50,271  19,606  17,287  264,476 
Nonaccrual 3,926  —  7,387  25,668  9,119  —  —  1,640  43,814 
Total commercial $ 44,208  $ 2,206,480  $ 6,122,430  $ 5,034,805  $ 1,741,955  $ 1,370,245  $ 698,550  $ 812,278  $ 17,986,742 
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass $ —  $ —  $ 1,410,566  $ 2,184,125  $ 1,716,663  $ 817,164  $ 370,724  $ 1,951,406  $ 8,450,648 
Special mention —  —  —  284  96  —  —  63  444 
Potential problem —  —  455  71  —  738  29  685  1,978 
Nonaccrual —  —  8,506  3,851  6,219  3,744  5,014  31,145  58,480 
Residential mortgage $ —  $ —  $ 1,419,527  $ 2,188,332  $ 1,722,979  $ 821,645  $ 375,768  $ 1,983,299  $ 8,511,550 
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass $ —  $ —  $ 1,271,205  $ 106,102  $ 333  $ 1,267  $ 446  $ 61  $ 1,379,414 
Special mention —  —  1,052  118  —  —  —  —  1,170 
Nonaccrual —  —  1,149  331  —  —  —  1,490 
Auto finance $ —  $ —  $ 1,273,406  $ 106,551  $ 333  $ 1,276  $ 446  $ 61  $ 1,382,073 
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 7,254  $ 508,212  $ 31,389  $ 6,508  $ 2,112  $ 6,197  $ 6,966  $ 54,827  $ 616,211 
Special mention 47  102  —  —  —  —  47  310  458 
Potential problem —  15  —  —  —  34  146  197 
Nonaccrual 1,590  —  306  102  131  307  319  6,322  7,487 
Home equity $ 8,891  $ 508,329  $ 31,695  $ 6,610  $ 2,243  $ 6,538  $ 7,333  $ 61,605  $ 624,353 
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 64  $ 199,942  $ 7,429  $ 5,256  $ 2,468  $ 1,238  $ 174  $ 77,611  $ 294,117 
Special mention 490  11  —  —  25  537 
Nonaccrual 78  56  11  21  10  56  10  34  197 
Other consumer $ 147  $ 200,488  $ 7,452  $ 5,276  $ 2,482  $ 1,300  $ 184  $ 77,670  $ 294,851 
Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 7,318  $ 708,154  $ 2,720,589  $ 2,301,991  $ 1,721,576  $ 825,866  $ 378,310  $ 2,083,904  $ 10,740,390 
Special mention 52  592  1,063  403  101  47  398  2,609 
Potential problem —  15  455  71  —  772  31  831  2,175 
Nonaccrual 1,668  56  9,973  4,304  6,360  4,116  5,343  37,501  67,654 
Total consumer $ 9,038  $ 708,817  $ 2,732,080  $ 2,306,769  $ 1,728,037  $ 830,759  $ 383,731  $ 2,122,635  $ 10,812,828 
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass $ 47,152  $ 2,795,551  $ 8,711,468  $ 7,226,734  $ 3,377,725  $ 2,101,861  $ 1,047,522  $ 2,834,303  $ 28,095,164 
Special mention 52  93,801  66,443  48,159  20,772  43,983  9,778  43,350  326,286 
Potential problem 447  25,889  59,240  36,709  56,016  51,043  19,637  18,118  266,651 
Nonaccrual 5,595  56  17,360  29,972  15,479  4,116  5,343  39,141  111,467 
Total loans $ 53,246  $ 2,915,297  $ 8,854,510  $ 7,341,574  $ 3,469,992  $ 2,201,004  $ 1,082,280  $ 2,934,912  $ 28,799,569 
(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.

24


The following table presents gross charge offs by origination year at September 30, 2023:
Gross Charge Offs by Origination Year
($ in thousands) Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis YTD 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total
Commercial and industrial $ 2,760  $ 401  $ 5,695  $ 13,264  $ 5,900  $ —  $ 3,795  $ 31,816 
Commercial and business lending 2,760  401  5,695  13,264  5,900  —  3,795  31,816 
Commercial real estate-investor —  —  —  —  —  —  242  242 
Real estate construction —  —  —  —  —  —  25  25 
Commercial real estate lending —  —  —  —  —  —  266  266 
Total commercial 2,760  401  5,695  13,264  5,900  —  4,062  32,082 
Residential mortgage —  —  128  22  148  410  714 
Auto finance —  254  3,355  442  —  —  4,056 
Home equity 12  —  43  45  —  22  147  269 
Other consumer 3,351  —  149  124  29  12  106  3,769 
Total consumer 3,363  254  3,674  633  177  45  662  8,809 
Total gross charge offs $ 6,124  $ 655  $ 9,369  $ 13,897  $ 6,077  $ 45  $ 4,724  $ 40,891 
Factors that are important to managing overall credit quality are sound loan underwriting and administration, systematic monitoring of existing loans and commitments, effective loan review on an ongoing basis, early identification of potential problems, and appropriate policies for ACLL, nonaccrual loans, and charge offs.
For commercial loans, management has determined the pass credit quality indicator to include credits exhibiting acceptable financial statements, cash flow, and leverage. If any risk exists, it is mitigated by the loan structure, collateral, monitoring, or control. For consumer loans, performing loans include credits performing in accordance with the original contractual terms.
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Special mention credits have potential weaknesses that warrant specific attention from management. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the credit. Accruing loan modifications could be pass or special mention, depending on the risk rating on the loan. Potential problem loans are considered inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged. These loans generally have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, which may jeopardize liquidation of the debt, and are characterized by the distinct possibility the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Management has determined commercial loan relationships in nonaccrual status, and commercial and consumer loan relationships with their terms restructured in a loan modification, meet the criteria to be individually evaluated. Commercial loans classified as special mention, potential problem, and nonaccrual are reviewed at a minimum on a quarterly basis, while pass credits, which are performing rated credits, are generally reviewed on an annual basis or more frequently if the loan renewal is less than one year or if otherwise warranted.
The following table presents loans by past due status at September 30, 2023:
Accruing
($ in thousands) Current 30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90+ Days
Past Due
Nonaccrual(a)(b)
Total
Commercial and industrial $ 10,022,308  $ 671  $ 835  $ 441  $ 74,812  $ 10,099,068 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied 1,049,156  1,877  —  —  3,936  1,054,969 
Commercial and business lending 11,071,464  2,548  835  441  78,748  11,154,037 
Commercial real estate - investor 5,197,977  10,120  —  10,882  5,218,980 
Real estate construction 2,130,606  10  —  —  103  2,130,719 
Commercial real estate lending 7,328,583  10,130  —  10,985  7,349,699 
Total commercial 18,400,047  12,678  836  441  89,732  18,503,736 
Residential mortgage 8,704,840  11,652  —  —  66,153  8,782,645 
Auto finance 1,985,943  14,335  2,353  —  4,533  2,007,164 
Home equity 612,045  2,876  811  —  7,917  623,650 
Other consumer 272,175  1,255  625  1,715  222  275,993 
Total consumer 11,575,003  30,118  3,789  1,715  78,826  11,689,451 
Total loans $ 29,975,051  $ 42,797  $ 4,626  $ 2,156  $ 168,558  $ 30,193,187 
(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $114 million, or 68%, were current with respect to payment at September 30, 2023.
(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. In addition, there were $65 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at September 30, 2023.

25


The following table presents loans by past due status at December 31, 2022:
Accruing
($ in thousands) Current 30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90+ Days 
Past Due
Nonaccrual(a)(b)
Total
Commercial and industrial $ 9,738,561  $ 716  $ 5,566  $ 282  $ 14,329  $ 9,759,454 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied 991,493  218  12  —  —  991,722 
Commercial and business lending 10,730,053  934  5,578  282  14,329  10,751,176 
Commercial real estate - investor 5,049,897  1,067  —  —  29,380  5,080,344 
Real estate construction 2,155,077  39  —  —  105  2,155,222 
Commercial real estate lending 7,204,975  1,105  —  —  29,485  7,235,565 
Total commercial 17,935,028  2,040  5,578  282  43,814  17,986,742 
Residential mortgage 8,443,072  9,811  63  124  58,480  8,511,550 
Auto finance 1,371,176  8,238  1,170  —  1,490  1,382,073 
Home equity 611,259  5,149  458  —  7,487  624,353 
Other consumer 291,722  1,018  592  1,322  197  294,851 
Total consumer 10,717,229  24,216  2,283  1,446  67,654  10,812,828 
Total loans $ 28,652,257  $ 26,256  $ 7,861  $ 1,728  $ 111,467  $ 28,799,569 
(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $64 million, or 58%, were current with respect to payment at December 31, 2022.
(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, there were $11 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at December 31, 2022.

Loan Modifications and Troubled Debt Restructurings
Under ASU 2022-02, effective January 1, 2023, loan modifications are reported if concessions have been granted to borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty. Information on these loan modifications originated after the effective date is presented according to the new accounting guidance. Reporting periods prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 present information on TDRs under the previous disclosure requirements.
The following tables show the composition of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by the loan portfolio and type of concessions granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Each of the types of concessions granted comprised less than 1% of their respective classes of loan portfolios at September 30, 2023.
Interest Rate Concession
($ in thousands) Amortized Cost
Commercial and industrial $ 234 
Auto 169 
Home equity 77 
Other consumer 1,243 
Total loans modified $ 1,724 
Term Extension
($ in thousands) Amortized Cost
Residential mortgage $ 208 
Home equity 26 
Total loans modified $ 234 
Combination - Interest Rate Concession and Term Extension
($ in thousands) Amortized Cost
Residential mortgage $ 830 
Home equity 262 
Total loans modified $ 1,092 

26


The following tables summarize, by loan portfolio, the financial effect of the Corporation's loan modifications on the modified loans as of September 30, 2023:
Interest Rate Concession
Loan Type Financial Effect, Weighted Average Contractual Interest Rate (Decrease) Increase
Commercial and industrial (18) %
Auto (4) %
Home equity —  %
Other consumer (21) %
Weighted average of total loans modified (10) %

Term Extension
Loan Type
Financial Effect, Weighted Average Term Increase(a)
Residential mortgage 26 months
Home equity 78 months
Weighted average of total loans modified 32 months
(a) During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, term extensions changed the weighted average term on modified loans from 297 to 328 months.
The Corporation closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
($ in thousands) Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Nonaccrual
Commercial and industrial $ 234  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Residential mortgage 81  126  —  832 
Auto 169  —  —  — 
Home equity 236  —  —  130 
Other consumer 1,243  —  —  — 
Total loans modified $ 1,963  $ 126  $ —  $ 961 
The following table provides the amortized cost of loan modifications by loan portfolio and type of concession that were modified in the previous nine months and subsequently had a payment default, as of September 30, 2023:
Amortized Cost of Loan Modifications that Subsequently Defaulted
($ in thousands) Interest Rate Concession Term Extension Combination Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Residential mortgage $ —  $ 208  $ 206 
Home equity —  —  18 
Total loans modified $ —  $ 208  $ 224 
The following table presents nonaccrual and performing restructured loans by loan portfolio at December 31, 2022:
 ($ in thousands) Performing Restructured Loans
Nonaccrual Restructured Loans(a)
Commercial and industrial $ 12,453  $ — 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 316  — 
Commercial real estate — investor 128  2,074 
Real estate construction 195 
Residential mortgage 16,829  17,117 
Home equity 2,148  927 
Other consumer 798  — 
   Total restructured loans $ 32,868  $ 20,127 
(a) Nonaccrual restructured loans have been included within nonaccrual loans.
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The following table provides the number of loans modified in a TDR by loan portfolio, the recorded investment, and unpaid principal balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:
 ($ in thousands) Number of Loans
Recorded Investment(a)
Unpaid Principal Balance(b)
Commercial and industrial $ 265  $ 265 
Commercial real estate — investor 547  573 
Residential mortgage 44  9,641  9,833 
Home equity 12  390  412 
   Total loans modified 59  $ 10,844  $ 11,083 
(a) Represents post-modification outstanding recorded investment.
(b) Represents pre-modification outstanding recorded investment.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, restructured loan modifications of commercial loans primarily included maturity date extensions and payment schedule modifications. Restructured loan modifications of consumer loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily included maturity date extensions, interest rate concessions, non-reaffirmed Chapter 7 bankruptcies, or a combination of these concessions.
The following table provides the number of loans modified during the previous twelve months which subsequently defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and the recorded investment in these restructured loans at the time of default as of September 30, 2022:
  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
 ($ in thousands) Number of
Loans
Recorded
Investment
Residential mortgage $ 1,178 
The nature and extent of the impairment of modified loans, including those which have experienced a subsequent payment default, are considered in the determination of an appropriate level of the ACLL.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
The ACLL is comprised of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded commitments. The level of the ACLL represents management’s estimate of an amount appropriate to provide for expected lifetime credit losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The expected lifetime credit losses are the product of multiplying the Corporation's estimates of probability of default, loss given default, and the individual loan level exposure at default on an undiscounted basis. A main factor in the determination of the ACLL is the economic forecast. The forecast the Corporation used for September 30, 2023 was the Moody's baseline scenario from August 2023, which was reviewed against the September 2023 baseline scenario with no material updates made, over a 2 year reasonable and supportable period with straight-line reversion to the historical losses over the second year of the period. The allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb expected lifetime losses related to unfunded credit facilities (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit). See Note 11 for additional information on the change in the allowance for unfunded commitments.

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The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
($ in thousands) Dec 31, 2022 Charge offs Recoveries Net Charge offs Provision for credit losses Sep 30, 2023 ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses
Commercial and industrial $ 119,076  $ (31,816) $ 2,322  $ (29,494) $ 34,710  $ 124,292 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 9,475  —  1,976  11,459 
Commercial and business lending 128,551  (31,816) 2,329  (29,487) 36,686  135,751 
Commercial real estate — investor 54,398  (242) 2,789  2,547  10,520  67,466 
Real estate construction 45,589  (25) 42  18  6,128  51,734 
Commercial real estate lending 99,986  (266) 2,831  2,565  16,648  119,200 
Total commercial 228,538  (32,082) 5,161  (26,921) 53,334  254,951 
Residential mortgage 38,298  (714) 357  (358) 2,496  40,437 
Auto finance 19,619  (4,056) 783  (3,273) 6,654  23,000 
Home equity 14,875  (269) 921  652  (413) 15,114 
Other consumer 11,390  (3,769) 744  (3,025) 3,928  12,293 
Total consumer 84,182  (8,809) 2,805  (6,004) 12,666  90,844 
Total loans $ 312,720  $ (40,891) $ 7,965  $ (32,925) $ 66,000  $ 345,795 
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Commercial and industrial $ 12,997  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ (2,365) $ 10,632 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 103  —  —  —  15  119 
Commercial and business lending 13,101  —  —  —  (2,350) 10,751 
Commercial real estate — investor 710  —  —  —  39  749 
Real estate construction 20,583  —  —  —  (1,000) 19,583 
Commercial real estate lending 21,292  —  —  —  (961) 20,331 
Total commercial 34,393  —  —  —  (3,311) 31,082 
Home equity 2,699  —  —  —  (17) 2,682 
Other consumer 1,683  —  —  —  (672) 1,011 
Total consumer 4,382  —  —  —  (689) 3,693 
Total loans $ 38,776  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ (4,000) $ 34,776 
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Commercial and industrial $ 132,073  $ (31,816) $ 2,322  $ (29,494) $ 32,345  $ 134,924  1.34  %
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 9,579  —  1,991  11,578  1.10  %
Commercial and business lending 141,652  (31,816) 2,329  (29,487) 34,336  146,502  1.31  %
Commercial real estate — investor 55,108  (242) 2,789  2,547  10,560  68,214  1.31  %
Real estate construction 66,171  (25) 42  18  5,128  71,317  3.35  %
Commercial real estate lending 121,279  (266) 2,831  2,565  15,687  139,531  1.90  %
Total commercial 262,931  (32,082) 5,161  (26,921) 50,023  286,033  1.55  %
Residential mortgage 38,298  (714) 357  (358) 2,496  40,437  0.46  %
Auto finance 19,619  (4,056) 783  (3,273) 6,654  23,000  1.15  %
Home equity 17,574  (269) 921  652  (430) 17,797  2.85  %
Other consumer 13,073  (3,769) 744  (3,025) 3,256  13,304  4.82  %
Total consumer 88,565  (8,809) 2,805  (6,004) 11,977  94,538  0.81  %
Total loans $ 351,496  $ (40,891) $ 7,965  $ (32,925) $ 62,000  $ 380,571  1.26  %




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The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2022:
($ in thousands) Dec 31, 2021 Charge offs Recoveries Net Charge offs Provision for credit losses Dec 31, 2022 ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses
Commercial and industrial $ 89,857  $ (4,491) $ 5,282  $ 791  $ 28,428  $ 119,076 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 11,473  —  13  13  (2,011) 9,475 
Commercial and business lending 101,330  (4,491) 5,295  804  26,418  128,551 
Commercial real estate — investor 72,803  (50) 50  —  (18,405) 54,398 
Real estate construction 37,643  (48) 106  58  7,887  45,589 
Commercial real estate lending 110,446  (98) 156  58  (10,518) 99,986 
Total commercial 211,776  (4,588) 5,451  862  15,900  228,538 
Residential mortgage 40,787  (567) 908  341  (2,830) 38,298 
Auto finance 1,999  (1,041) 98  (943) 18,563  19,619 
Home equity 14,011  (587) 1,385  798  66  14,875 
Other consumer 11,441  (3,363) 1,010  (2,353) 2,301  11,390 
Total consumer 68,239  (5,558) 3,401  (2,157) 18,100  84,182 
Total loans $ 280,015  $ (10,146) $ 8,852  $ (1,294) $ 34,000  $ 312,720 
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Commercial and industrial $ 18,459  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ (5,462) $ 12,997 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 208  —  —  —  (105) 103 
Commercial and business lending 18,667  —  —  —  (5,566) 13,101 
Commercial real estate — investor 936  —  —  —  (226) 710 
Real estate construction 15,586  —  —  —  4,997  20,583 
Commercial real estate lending 16,522  —  —  —  4,770  21,292 
Total commercial 35,189  —  —  —  (796) 34,393 
Home equity 2,592  —  —  —  107  2,699 
Other consumer 1,995  —  —  —  (311) 1,683 
Total consumer 4,587  —  —  —  (204) 4,382 
Total loans $ 39,776  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ (1,000) $ 38,776 
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Commercial and industrial $ 108,316  $ (4,491) $ 5,282  $ 791  $ 22,967  $ 132,073  1.35  %
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 11,681  —  13  13  (2,115) 9,579  0.97  %
Commercial and business lending 119,997  (4,491) 5,295  804  20,852  141,652  1.32  %
Commercial real estate — investor 73,739  (50) 50  —  (18,631) 55,108  1.08  %
Real estate construction 53,229  (48) 106  58  12,884  66,171  3.07  %
Commercial real estate lending 126,968  (98) 156  58  (5,748) 121,279  1.68  %
Total commercial 246,965  (4,588) 5,451  862  15,104  262,931  1.46  %
Residential mortgage 40,787  (567) 908  341  (2,830) 38,298  0.45  %
Auto finance 1,999  (1,041) 98  (943) 18,563  19,619  1.42  %
Home equity 16,603  (587) 1,385  798  173  17,574  2.81  %
Other consumer 13,436  (3,363) 1,010  (2,353) 1,990  13,073  4.43  %
Total consumer 72,825  (5,558) 3,401  (2,157) 17,896  88,565  0.82  %
Total loans $ 319,791  $ (10,146) $ 8,852  $ (1,294) $ 33,000  $ 351,496  1.22  %
Note 7 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill is not amortized but is instead subject to impairment tests on at least an annual basis, and more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.
The Corporation conducted its most recent annual impairment testing in May 2023, utilizing a qualitative assessment. Factors that management considered in this assessment included macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the Corporation and each reporting unit (both current and projected), changes in management strategy, and changes in the composition or carrying amount of net assets. In addition, management considered the changes in both the Corporation's common stock price and in the KBW Nasdaq Regional Banking Index (KRX), as well as the Corporation's earnings per common share trend over the past year. Based on these assessments, management concluded that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value exceeded the carrying value (including goodwill) for each reporting unit.
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Therefore, a step one quantitative analysis was not required. There have been no events since the May 2023 impairment test that have changed the Corporation's impairment assessment conclusion. There were no impairment charges recorded in 2022 or the first nine months of 2023.
The Corporation had goodwill of $1.1 billion at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Core Deposit Intangibles
The Corporation has CDIs which are amortized. Changes in the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization, and net book value for CDIs were as follows:
($ in thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Year Ended Dec 31, 2022
Core deposit intangibles
Gross carrying amount at the beginning of period $ 88,109  $ 88,109 
Accumulated amortization (45,435) (38,827)
Net book value $ 42,674  $ 49,282 
Amortization during the period $ 6,608  $ 8,811 
Mortgage Servicing Rights
The Corporation sells residential mortgage loans in the secondary market and typically retains the right to service the loans sold. MSRs are not traded in active markets. As a result, a cash flow model is used to determine fair value. Key assumptions and estimates, projected prepayment speeds, assumed servicing costs, ancillary income, costs to service delinquent loans, costs of foreclosure, and discount rates with option-adjusted spreads, are used in measuring the fair value of the MSRs asset. These assumptions are considered significant unobservable inputs. See Note 11 for a discussion of the recourse provisions on sold residential mortgage loans. See Note 12 which further discusses fair value measurement relative to the MSRs asset.
A summary of changes in the balance of the MSRs asset under the fair value measurement method for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:
($ in thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Year Ended Dec 31, 2022
Mortgage servicing rights
Mortgage servicing rights at beginning of period $ 77,351  $ 54,862 
Cumulative effect of accounting methodology change N/A 2,296 
Balance at beginning of period, adjusted $ 77,351  $ 57,158 
Additions 2,477  7,279 
Paydowns (5,354) (9,350)
Valuation:
Change in fair value model assumptions 8,338  5,715 
Changes in fair value of asset 6,320  16,549 
Mortgage servicing rights at end of period $ 89,131  $ 77,351 
Portfolio of residential mortgage loans serviced for others (“servicing portfolio”) $ 6,451,969  $ 6,711,820 
Mortgage servicing rights to servicing portfolio 1.38  % 1.15  %
The projections of amortization expense for CDIs and decay for MSRs are based on existing asset balances, the current interest rate environment, and prepayment speeds as of September 30, 2023. The actual expense the Corporation recognizes in any given period may be significantly different depending upon acquisition or sale activities, changes in interest rates, prepayment speeds, market conditions, regulatory requirements, and events or circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The following table shows the estimated future amortization expense for CDIs and decay for MSRs:
($ in thousands) Core Deposit Intangibles Mortgage Servicing Rights
Three months ended December 31, 2023 $ 2,203  $ 3,630 
2024 8,811  13,789 
2025 8,811  12,373 
2026 8,811  11,111 
2027 8,811  9,768 
2028 3,485  8,641 
Beyond 2028 1,742  29,819 
Total estimated amortization expense and MSRs decay $ 42,674  $ 89,131 
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Note 8 Short and Long-Term Funding
The following table presents the components of short-term funding (funding with original contractual maturities of one year or less), and long-term funding (funding with original contractual maturities greater than one year):
($ in thousands) Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
Short-term funding
Federal funds purchased $ 300,000  $ 344,170 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 151,644  240,969 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 451,644  585,139 
Commercial paper —  20,798 
Total short-term funding $ 451,644  $ 605,937 
Long-term funding
Corporation subordinated notes, at par $ 550,000  $ 250,000 
Discount and capitalized costs (8,027) (544)
Subordinated debt fair value hedge(a)
(12,919) (1,855)
Finance leases 405  469 
Total long-term funding $ 529,459  $ 248,071 
   Total short and long-term funding, excluding FHLB advances $ 981,103  $ 854,007 
FHLB advances
Short-term FHLB advances $ 2,545,000  $ 3,125,000 
Long-term FHLB advances 1,209,938  1,209,170 
FHLB advances fair value hedge(a)
(21,897) (14,308)
Total FHLB advances $ 3,733,041  $ 4,319,861 
Total short and long-term funding $ 4,714,145  $ 5,173,869 
(a) For additional information on the fair value hedges, see Note 9.
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
The Corporation enters into agreements under which it sells securities subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities. Under these arrangements, the Corporation may transfer legal control over the assets but still retain effective control through an agreement that both entitles and obligates the Corporation to repurchase the assets. The obligation to repurchase the securities is reflected as a liability on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets, while the securities underlying the repurchase agreements remain in the respective investment securities asset accounts (i.e., there is no offsetting or netting of the investment securities assets with the repurchase agreement liabilities).
The Corporation utilizes repurchase agreements to facilitate the needs of its customers. The fair value of securities pledged to secure repurchase agreements may decline. At September 30, 2023, the Corporation had pledged securities valued at 164% of the gross outstanding balance of repurchase agreements to manage this risk.
The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are presented in the following table:
Overnight and Continuous
($ in thousands) Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
Repurchase agreements
Agency mortgage-related securities $ 151,644  $ 240,969 
Long-Term Funding
Subordinated Notes 
In November 2014, the Corporation issued $250 million of 10-year subordinated notes, due January 2025, and callable October 2024. The subordinated notes have a fixed coupon interest rate of 4.25% and were issued at a discount.
In February 2023, the Corporation issued $300 million of 10-year subordinated notes, due March 1, 2033 and redeemable (i) on the reset date of March 1, 2028 and on any interest payment date thereafter, (ii) at any time on or after the three month period prior to the maturity date, and (iii) upon the occurrence of a Regulatory Capital Treatment Event (as defined in the Global Note). The subordinated notes have a fixed coupon interest rate of 6.625% until the reset date, after which the rate will be equal to the Five-Year U.S. Treasury Rate as of the reset date plus 2.812% per annum. The notes were issued at a discount.
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Finance Leases
Finance leases are used in conjunction with branch operations. See Note 16 for additional disclosure regarding the Corporation’s leases.
Note 9 Derivative and Hedging Activities
The Corporation is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Corporation principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Corporation manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, foreign currency, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the values of which are determined by interest rates and/or foreign currency exchange rates. The Corporation's derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation's known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Corporation's assets.
The contract or notional amount of a derivative is used to determine, along with the other terms of the derivative, the amounts to be exchanged between the counterparties. The Corporation is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to financial instruments. To mitigate the counterparty risk, contracts generally contain language outlining collateral pledging requirements for each counterparty. For non-centrally cleared derivatives, collateral must be posted when the market value exceeds certain mutually agreed upon threshold limits. Securities and cash are often pledged as collateral. The Corporation pledged $95 million and $92 million of investment securities as collateral at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Cash is often pledged as collateral for derivatives that are not centrally cleared. The Corporation had no required cash collateral at September 30, 2023, compared to $3 million at December 31, 2022.
To qualify for hedge accounting, a hedging relationship must be highly effective at mitigating the risk associated with the exposure being hedged. The Corporation performs effectiveness assessments of its derivative financial instruments prospectively at inception and both prospectively and retrospectively quarterly thereafter. The initial prospective assessment is performed on a quantitative basis unless the hedging relationship meets certain conditions, and subsequent assessments are performed on a quantitative basis unless certain conditions are met where a qualitative basis may be used. If it is determined that a derivative financial instrument is not highly effective at hedging the designated exposure, hedge accounting is discontinued.
Federal regulations require the Corporation to clear all compound SOFR interest rate swaps through a clearing house, if possible. For derivatives cleared through central clearing houses, the variation margin payments are legally characterized as daily settlements of the derivative rather than collateral. The Corporation's clearing agent for interest rate derivative contracts that are centrally cleared through the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the London Clearing House settles the variation margin daily. As a result, the variation margin payment and the related derivative instruments are considered a single unit of account for accounting and financial reporting purposes. Depending on the net position, the fair value is reported in other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The daily settlement of the derivative exposure does not change or reset the contractual terms of the instrument.
Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Corporation is exposed to changes in the fair value of its fixed-rate debt due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Corporation uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rates. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve receiving payment of fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Corporation paying variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount.
For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, as allowed under U.S. GAAP, the Corporation applied the "shortcut" method of accounting, which permits the assumption of perfect effectiveness. The gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest expense. These items, along with the net interest from the derivative, are reported in the same income statement line as the fixed-rate debt expense.
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Fair Value Hedges of Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
The Corporation is exposed to changes in the fair value of its foreign currency denominated loans due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Corporation uses foreign currency exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these foreign currency denominated loans.
To assess effectiveness of the foreign currency exchange forward contracts, the Corporation has elected to utilize the critical terms match method. Under the critical terms match method, if the hedging relationship meets certain criteria, it allows the Corporation to assume that the hedging relationship is perfectly effective, eliminating the quantitative aspect of assessing effectiveness. The gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in capital markets, net.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Corporation is exposed to variability in cash flows on its floating rate assets due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Corporation uses interest rate swaps to hedge certain forecasted transactions for the variability in cash flows attributable to the contractually specified interest rate in order to add stability to net interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve receiving fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Corporation making variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. These items, along with the net interest from the derivative, are reported in the same income statement line as the interest income from the floating-rate assets.
To assess effectiveness of interest rate swaps, the Corporation performs a quantitative analysis using a period by period regression method. When the relationship between the hedged item and hedging instrument is highly effective at achieving offsetting changes in cash flows attributable to the hedged risk, changes in the fair value of these cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are subsequently reclassified to interest income as interest payments are made on such variable rate loans.
Derivatives to Accommodate Customer Needs
The Corporation facilitates customer borrowing activity by entering into various derivative contracts which are designated as free standing derivative contracts. Free standing derivative products are entered into primarily for the benefit of commercial customers seeking to manage their exposures to interest rate risk and foreign currency. These derivative contracts are not designated against specific assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets or forecasted transactions and, therefore, do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Such derivative contracts are carried at fair value in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in the fair value recorded as a component of capital markets, net, and typically include interest rate-related instruments (swaps and caps) and foreign currency exchange forwards. See Note 10 for additional information and disclosures on balance sheet offsetting.
Interest rate-related and other instruments: The Corporation provides interest rate risk management services to commercial customers, primarily interest rate swaps and caps. The Corporation’s market risk from unfavorable movements in interest rates related to these derivative contracts is generally economically hedged by concurrently entering into offsetting derivative contracts. The offsetting derivative contracts have identical notional values, terms, and indices, except in rare circumstances where the indices are not identical which creates a negligible basis mismatch. The Corporation also enters into credit risk participation agreements with financial institution counterparties for interest rate swaps related to loans as either a participant or a lead bank. The risk participation agreements entered into by the Corporation as a participant bank provide credit protection to the financial institution counterparty should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract with that financial institution.
Foreign currency exchange forwards: The Corporation provides foreign currency exchange services to customers, primarily forward contracts. The Corporation's customers enter into a foreign currency exchange forward with the Corporation as a means for them to mitigate exchange rate risk. The Corporation mitigates its risk by then entering into an offsetting foreign currency exchange derivative contract.
Mortgage Derivatives
Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale and forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans are considered derivative instruments, and the fair value of these commitments are recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets with the changes in fair value recorded as a component of mortgage banking, net on the consolidated statements of income.
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Interest rate-related instruments for MSRs hedge: The fair value of the Corporation's MSRs asset changes in response to changes in primary mortgage loan rates and other assumptions. To mitigate the earnings volatility caused by changes in the fair value of MSRs, the Corporation designates certain financial instruments as an economic hedge. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are generally expected to partially offset changes in the fair value of MSRs and are recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets with the changes in fair value recorded as a component of mortgage banking, net on the consolidated statements of income.
The following table presents the total notional amounts and gross fair values of the Corporation’s derivatives, as well as the balance sheet netting adjustments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The derivative assets and liabilities are presented on a gross basis prior to the application of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements, but after the variation margin payments with central clearing organizations have been applied as settlement, as applicable. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received or paid as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The resulting net derivative asset and liability fair values are included in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets.
  Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
Asset Liability Asset Liability
($ in thousands) Notional Amount Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value
Designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate-related instruments $ 1,150,000  $ 2,109  $ 1,700,000  $ 21,520  $ 900,000  $ 4,349  $ 1,150,000  $ 1,260 
Foreign currency exchange forwards 353,217  2,886  70,019  134  261,595  416  167,088  972 
Total designated as hedging instruments 4,995  21,654  4,765  2,233 
Not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate-related and other instruments 3,022,150  140,414  6,320,192  294,062  4,246,823  62,401  4,599,391  251,398 
Foreign currency exchange forwards 74,245  1,751  63,309  1,393  68,570  437  34,240  402 
Mortgage banking(a)(b)
43,436  1,213  84,000  —  21,265  86  33,000  46 
Total not designated as hedging instruments 143,379  295,455  62,925  251,847 
Gross derivatives before netting 148,373  317,109  67,690  254,079 
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements 1,252  1,252  2,788  2,788 
Less: Cash collateral pledged/received 88,207  —  26,898  217 
Total derivative instruments, after netting $ 58,915  $ 315,857  $ 38,003  $ 251,073 

(a) The notional amount of the mortgage derivative asset includes interest rate lock commitments, while the notional amount of the mortgage derivative liability includes forward commitments.
(b) At September 30, 2023, the mortgage derivative asset included approximately $806,000 of forward commitments fair value.

The following table presents amounts that were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges:
Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Which the Hedged Item is Included
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)(a)
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)(a)
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
($ in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Other long-term funding $ (537,081) $ 12,919  $ (248,145) $ 1,855 
FHLB advances (578,103) 21,897  (585,692) 14,308 
Total $ (1,115,185) $ 34,815  $ (833,837) $ 16,163 

(a) Excludes hedged items where only foreign currency risk is the designated hedged risk. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount excluded for foreign currency denominated loans was $423 million and $429 million, respectively.
The Corporation terminated its $500 million fair value hedge during the fourth quarter of 2019. At September 30, 2023, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios which had previously been used in the terminated hedging relationship was $292 million and is included in loans on the consolidated balance sheets. This amount includes $1 million of hedging adjustments on the discontinued hedging relationships, which are not presented in the table above.
35


The tables below identify the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on the Corporation's consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Location and Amount Recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income in
Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Three months ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
($ in thousands) Interest Income Interest Expense Interest Income Interest Expense Interest Income Interest Expense Interest Income Interest Expense
Total amounts of income/expense presented on the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of the fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded(a)
$ (4,589) $ 5,195  $ (120) $ (380) $ (9,286) $ 12,039  $ (428) $ (380)
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging: Impact on fair value hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts:
Hedged items (74) (9,001) (120) (14,703) (189) (18,652) (428) (14,703)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments(a)
(4,516) 14,196  —  14,323  (9,097) 30,691  —  14,323 
(a) Includes net settlements on the derivatives.
Location and Amount Recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income in
Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Three months ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
($ in thousands) Capital Markets, Net Capital Markets, Net Capital Markets, Net Capital Markets, Net
Total amounts of income/expense presented on the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of the fair value hedges are recorded $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
The effects of fair value hedging: Impact on fair value hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Foreign currency contracts:
Hedged items (11,575) (29,846) (2,186) (40,346)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments 11,575  29,846  2,186  40,346 
The following table presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Interest rate-related instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments
Amount of (loss) recognized in OCI on cash flow hedge derivative(a)
$ (13,592) $ —  $ (33,976) $ — 
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest income(a)
4,516  —  9,097  — 
(a) The entirety of (losses) recognized in OCI as well as the losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest income were included components in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to cash flow hedge derivatives are reclassified to interest income as interest payments are made on the hedged variable interest rate assets. The Corporation estimates that $18 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest income over the next 12 months. This amount could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations, or the addition of other hedges subsequent to September 30, 2023. The maximum length of time over which the Corporation is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 38 months as of September 30, 2023.
36


The table below identifies the effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Corporation's consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Consolidated Statements of Income Category of Gain / (Loss) 
Recognized in Income
Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Derivative instruments
Interest rate-related and other instruments — customer and mirror, net Capital markets, net $ 222  $ (33) $ 359  $ 533 
Interest rate-related instruments — MSRs hedge Mortgage banking, net (5,877) (3,547) (5,551) (12,559)
Foreign currency exchange forwards Capital markets, net 365  709  1,751  1,442 
Interest rate lock commitments (mortgage) Mortgage banking, net (24) (1,389) 321  (3,020)
Forward commitments (mortgage) Mortgage banking, net 470  3,543  853  3,415 
Note 10 Balance Sheet Offsetting
Interest Rate-Related Instruments and Foreign Exchange Forwards (“Interest and Foreign Exchange Agreements”)
The Corporation enters into interest rate-related instruments to facilitate the interest rate risk management strategies of commercial customers and foreign exchange forwards to manage customers' exposure to fluctuating foreign exchange rates. The Corporation typically mitigates these risks by entering into equal and offsetting agreements with highly rated third-party financial institutions, though in rare circumstances the agreements are not perfectly equal and offsetting, which creates a negligible basis mismatch. The Corporation is party to master netting arrangements with some of its financial institution counterparties that create single net settlements of all legal claims or obligations to pay or receive the net amount of settlement of the individual interest and foreign exchange agreements. Collateral, usually in the form of investment securities and cash, is posted by the counterparty with net liability positions in accordance with contract thresholds. Derivatives subject to a legally enforceable master netting agreement are reported with assets and liabilities offset resulting in a net position which is further offset by any cash collateral, and is reported in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the face of the consolidated balance sheets. For disclosure purposes, the net position on the consolidated balance sheets can be further netted down by investment securities collateral received or pledged. See Note 9 for additional information on the Corporation’s derivative and hedging activities.
The following table presents the interest rate and foreign exchange assets and liabilities subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The interest rate and foreign exchange agreements the Corporation has with its commercial customers are not subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement and are therefore excluded from this table:
  Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Subject to Master Netting Arrangements Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets  
 ($ in thousands) Derivative
Liabilities Offset
Cash Collateral Received Security Collateral Received Net
 Amount
Derivative assets
September 30, 2023 $ 140,884  $ (1,252) $ (88,207) $ 51,425  $ (32,257) $ 19,168 
December 31, 2022 63,029  (2,788) (26,898) 33,342  (30,753) 2,589 
  Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Subject to Master Netting Arrangements Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets  
 ($ in thousands) Derivative
Assets Offset
Cash Collateral Pledged Security Collateral Pledged Net
 Amount
Derivative liabilities
September 30, 2023 $ 22,964  $ (1,252) $ —  $ 21,713  $ —  $ 21,713 
December 31, 2022 3,096  (2,788) (217) 91  —  91 
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Note 11 Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Legal Proceedings, and Regulatory Matters
The Corporation utilizes a variety of financial instruments in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of its customers and to manage its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These financial instruments include lending-related and other commitments (see below) as well as derivative instruments (see Note 9). The following is a summary of lending-related commitments:
($ in thousands) Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
Commitments to extend credit, excluding commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale(a)(b)
$ 11,228,683  $ 12,444,275 
Commercial letters of credit(a)
4,067  3,188 
Standby letters of credit(c)
246,954  270,692 
(a) These off-balance sheet financial instruments are exercisable at the market rate prevailing at the date the underlying transaction will be completed and, thus, are deemed to have no current fair value, or the fair value is based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements and was not material at September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
(b) Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale are considered derivative instruments and are disclosed in Note 9.
(c) Standby letters of credit are presented excluding participations. The Corporation has established a liability of $3 million at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, as an estimate of the fair value of these financial instruments.
Lending-related Commitments
As a financial services provider, the Corporation routinely enters into commitments to extend credit. Such commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process accorded to loans made by the Corporation, with each customer’s creditworthiness evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. The Corporation’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to these financial instruments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Corporation upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Since a significant portion of commitments to extend credit are subject to specific restrictive loan covenants or may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash flow requirements. An allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb expected lifetime losses related to unfunded commitments (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit).
The following table presents a summary of the changes in the allowance for unfunded commitments:
($ in thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Year Ended December 31, 2022
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Balance at beginning of period $ 38,776  $ 39,776 
Provision for unfunded commitments (4,000) (1,000)
Balance at end of period $ 34,776  $ 38,776 
Lending-related commitments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are legally binding agreements to lend to customers at predetermined interest rates, as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contracts. Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale and forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans are considered derivative instruments, and the fair value of these commitments is recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation’s derivative and hedging activity is further described in Note 9. Commercial and standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Commercial letters of credit are issued specifically to facilitate commerce and typically result in the commitment being drawn on when the underlying transaction is consummated between the customer and the third party, while standby letters of credit generally are contingent upon the failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of the underlying contract with the third party.
Other Commitments
The Corporation invests in qualified affordable housing projects, historic projects, new market projects, and opportunity zone funds for the purpose of community reinvestment and obtaining tax credits and other tax benefits. Return on the Corporation's investment in these projects and funds comes in the form of the tax credits and tax losses that pass through to the Corporation, and deferral or elimination of capital gain recognition for tax purposes. The aggregate carrying value of these investments at September 30, 2023 was $222 million, compared to $250 million at December 31, 2022, included in tax credit and other investments on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation utilizes the proportional amortization method to account for investments in qualified affordable housing projects.
Under the proportional amortization method, the Corporation amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits. The Corporation recognized additional income tax expense attributable to the amortization of investments in qualified affordable housing projects of $26 million and $25 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively, and $9 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022.
38


The Corporation's remaining investment in qualified affordable housing projects accounted for under the proportional amortization method totaled $219 million at September 30, 2023 and $246 million at December 31, 2022.
The Corporation’s unfunded equity contributions relating to investments in qualified affordable housing and historic projects are recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation’s remaining unfunded equity contributions totaled $27 million at September 30, 2023 and $40 million at December 31, 2022.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022, the Corporation did not record any impairment related to qualified affordable housing investments.
The Corporation has principal investment commitments to provide capital-based financing to private companies through either direct investment in specific companies or through investment funds and partnerships. The timing of future cash requirements to fund such principal investment commitments is generally dependent on the investment cycle, whereby privately held companies are funded by private equity investors and ultimately sold, merged, or taken public through an initial offering, which can vary based on overall market conditions, as well as the nature and type of industry in which the companies operate. The Corporation also invests in loan pools that support CRA loans. The timing of future cash requirements to fund these pools is dependent upon loan demand, which can vary over time. The aggregate carrying value of these investments was $34 million at September 30, 2023 and $27 million at December 31, 2022, included in tax credit and other investments on the consolidated balance sheets.
Legal Proceedings
The Corporation is party to various pending and threatened claims and legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business activities, some of which involve claims for substantial amounts. Although there can be no assurance as to the ultimate outcomes, the Corporation believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding matters and intends to continue to defend itself vigorously with respect to such legal proceedings. The Corporation will consider settlement of cases when, in management’s judgment, it is in the best interests of the Corporation and its shareholders.
On at least a quarterly basis, the Corporation assesses its liabilities and contingencies in connection with all pending or threatened claims and litigation, utilizing the most recent information available. On a matter by matter basis, an accrual for loss is established for those matters which the Corporation believes it is probable that a loss may be incurred and that the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. Once established, each accrual is adjusted as appropriate to reflect any subsequent developments. Accordingly, management’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may be more or less than the current estimate. For matters where a loss is not probable, or the amount of the loss cannot be estimated, no accrual is established.
Resolution of legal claims is inherently unpredictable, and in many legal proceedings various factors exacerbate this inherent unpredictability, including where the damages sought are unsubstantiated or indeterminate, it is unclear whether a case brought as a class action will be allowed to proceed on that basis, discovery is not complete, the proceeding is not yet in its final stages, the matters present legal uncertainties, there are significant facts in dispute, there are a large number of parties (including where it is uncertain how liability, if any, will be shared among multiple defendants), or there is a wide range of potential results.
Management believes that the legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s consolidated financial condition. However, in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves the Corporation has currently accrued or that a matter will not have material reputational or other qualitative consequences. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to the Corporation’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of the Corporation’s income for that period.
Regulatory Matters
A variety of consumer products, including mortgage and deposit products, and certain fees and charges related to such products, have come under increased regulatory scrutiny. It is possible that regulatory authorities could bring enforcement actions, including civil money penalties, or take other actions against the Corporation in regard to these consumer products. The Bank could also determine of its own accord, or be required by regulators, to refund or otherwise make remediation payments to customers in connection with these products, fees and charges. It is not possible at this time for management to assess the probability of a material adverse outcome or reasonably estimate the amount of any potential loss related to such matters.
In recent consent orders with financial institutions, the CFPB has asserted that certain overdraft charges constitute “unfair and abusive acts and practices.” In certain instances, these financial institutions have agreed to make restitution to customers and to pay civil money penalties.
39


Included in the practices that the CFPB has asserted are “unfair and abusive” are 1) overdraft fees on transactions that had a sufficient balance at the time authorized but then later settled with an insufficient balance (“APSN Fees”), and 2) repeat insufficient funds fees on transactions resubmitted for payment after they were initially declined (“Representment Fees”). In light of these orders, the Corporation has undertaken a review of its current and past practices regarding APSN Fees and Representment Fees. Such review could result in changes to our overdraft fee policies, which would reduce our fee income in future periods and which could also result in a decision to make remediation payments to current and past customers who incurred such fees. The Corporation’s financial results may be materially impacted in any period in which the Corporation determines to make any such remediation payments. In addition to the review described above, the Corporation received an arbitration request in July 2023 which, among other things, seeks to recover APSN Fees and Representment Fees on behalf of approximately 1,400 current and former deposit customers of the Corporation (the “arbitration request”). The arbitration request is being considered in the review of APSN Fees and Representment Fees described above. It is not possible for management to assess the probability of a material adverse outcome or reasonably estimate the amount of any potential loss at this time with respect to the arbitration request.
Mortgage Repurchase Reserve
The Corporation sells residential mortgage loans to investors in the normal course of business. Residential mortgage loans sold to others are predominantly conventional residential first lien mortgages originated under the Corporation's usual underwriting procedures, and are most often sold on a nonrecourse basis, primarily to the GSEs. The Corporation’s agreements to sell residential mortgage loans in the normal course of business usually require certain representations and warranties on the underlying loans sold, related to credit information, loan documentation, collateral, and insurability. Subsequent to being sold, if a material underwriting deficiency or documentation defect is discovered, the Corporation may be obligated to repurchase the loan or reimburse the GSEs for losses incurred (collectively, “make whole requests”). The make whole requests and any related risk of loss under the representations and warranties are largely driven by borrower performance. The Corporation also sells qualifying residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies into GNMA pools.
As a result of make whole requests, the Corporation has repurchased loans with aggregate principal balances of $5 million and $6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively. There were no loss reimbursement and settlement claims paid in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 or for the year ended December 31, 2022. Make whole requests since January 1, 2022 generally arose from loans originated since January 1, 2020 with such balances totaling $4.6 billion at the time of sale, consisting primarily of loans sold to GSEs. As of September 30, 2023, $3.3 billion of those loans originated since January 1, 2020 remain outstanding.
The balance in the mortgage repurchase reserve at the balance sheet date reflects the estimated amount of potential loss the Corporation could incur from repurchasing a loan, as well as loss reimbursements, indemnifications, and other settlement resolutions. The mortgage repurchase reserve, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, was approximately $680,000 at September 30, 2023 and $1 million at December 31, 2022.
The Corporation may also sell residential mortgage loans with limited recourse (limited in that the recourse period ends prior to the loan’s maturity, usually after certain time and/or loan paydown criteria have been met), whereby repurchase could be required if the loan had defined delinquency issues during the limited recourse periods. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $15 million and $7 million, respectively, of residential mortgage loans sold with such recourse risk. There have been limited instances and immaterial historical losses on repurchases for recourse under the limited recourse criteria.
The Corporation has a subordinate position to the FHLB in the credit risk on residential mortgage loans it sold to the FHLB in exchange for a monthly credit enhancement fee. The Corporation has not sold loans to the FHLB with such credit risk retention since February 2005. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $17 million and $19 million, respectively, of such residential mortgage loans with credit risk recourse, upon which there have been immaterial historical losses to the Corporation.
Note 12 Fair Value Measurements
Fair value represents the estimated price at which an orderly transaction to sell an asset or to transfer a liability would take place between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., an exit price concept).
The valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis are described in the Fair Value Measurements note in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
40


The table below presents the Corporation’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall:
 ($ in thousands) Fair Value Hierarchy Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
Assets
AFS investment securities:
U.S. Treasury securities  Level 1 $ 109,024  $ 109,378 
Agency securities Level 2 13,590  13,532 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities) Level 2 210,317  230,714 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC  Level 2 1,436,759  1,604,610 
GNMA  Level 2 1,384,670  497,596 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC Level 2 16,154  17,142 
GNMA  Level 2 176,474  110,462 
Asset backed securities:
FFELP  Level 2 138,514  151,191 
SBA Level 2 3,261  4,477 
Other debt securities  Level 2 2,915  2,922 
Total AFS investment securities  Level 1 $ 109,024  $ 109,378 
Total AFS investment securities  Level 2 3,382,655  2,632,647 
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values  Level 1 6,701  5,991 
Residential loans held for sale  Level 2 54,790  20,383 
Mortgage servicing rights, net Level 3 89,131  77,351 
Interest rate-related instruments designated as hedging instruments(a)
Level 2 2,109  4,349 
Foreign currency exchange forwards designated as hedging instruments(a)
Level 2 2,886  416 
Interest rate-related and other instruments not designated as hedging instruments(a)
 Level 2 140,414  62,401 
Foreign currency exchange forwards not designated as hedging instruments(a)
 Level 2 1,751  437 
Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale  Level 3 407  86 
Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans Level 3 806  — 
Liabilities
Interest rate-related instruments designated as hedging instruments(a)
Level 2 $ 21,520  $ 1,260 
Foreign currency exchange forwards designated as hedging instruments(a)
Level 2 134  972 
Interest rate-related and other instruments not designated as hedging instruments(a)
 Level 2 294,062  251,398 
Foreign currency exchange forwards not designated as hedging instruments(a)
 Level 2 1,393  402 
Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans  Level 3 —  46 
(a) Figures are presented gross before netting. See Note 9 and Note 10 for information relating to the impact of offsetting derivative assets and liabilities and cash collateral with the
    same counterparty where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement in place.
The table below presents a rollforward of the consolidated balance sheets amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022, for the Corporation's mortgage derivatives measured on a recurring basis and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
($ in thousands) Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans Total
Balance December 31, 2021 $ 2,617  $ (30) $ 2,647 
New production 10,442  (2,028) 12,470 
Closed loans / settlements (913) 24,766  (25,679)
Other (12,060) (22,662) 10,603 
Change in mortgage derivative (2,531) 76  (2,607)
Balance December 31, 2022 $ 86  $ 46  $ 40 
New production $ 4,681  $ (1,274) $ 5,955 
Closed loans / settlements (2,417) 1,969  (4,386)
Other (1,943) (1,547) (396)
Change in mortgage derivative 321  (853) 1,173 
Balance September 30, 2023 $ 407  $ (806) $ 1,213 
41


The following table presents the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values still held as of September 30, 2023 that are measured under the measurement alternative and the related adjustments recorded during the periods presented for those securities with observable price changes. These securities are included in the nonrecurring fair value tables when applicable price changes are observable. Also shown are the cumulative upward and downward adjustments for the Corporation's equity securities without readily determinable fair values as of September 30, 2023:
 ($ in thousands)
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values
Carrying value as of December 31, 2022
$ 19,225 
Purchases 10,011 
Carrying value as of September 30, 2023
$ 29,236 
Cumulative upward carrying value changes between January 1, 2018 and September 30, 2023
$ 19,134 
Cumulative downward carrying value changes/impairment between January 1, 2018 and September 30, 2023
$ — 
The table below presents the Corporation’s assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall:
($ in thousands) Fair Value Hierarchy Fair Value Consolidated Statements of Income Category of Adjustment Recognized in Income
Adjustment Recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income(a)
September 30, 2023
Assets
Individually evaluated loans Level 3 $ 56,506  Provision for credit losses $ 28,926 
OREO(b)
Level 2 1,315 
Other noninterest expense / provision for credit losses(c)
1,124 
December 31, 2022
Assets
Individually evaluated loans Level 3 $ 23,584  Provision for credit losses $ 4,405 
OREO(b)
Level 2 2,196 
Other noninterest expense / provision for credit losses(c)
971 
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values Level 3 19,134  Investment securities gains (losses), net 5,690 
(a) Includes the full year impact on the consolidated statements of income.
(b) If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, no charge off or adjustment is necessary, the asset is not considered to be carried at fair value and is therefore not included in the table.
(c) When a property's value is written down at the time it is transferred to OREO, the charge off is booked to the provision for credit losses. When a property is already in OREO and subsequently written down, the charge off is booked to other noninterest expense.
Certain nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include the fair value analysis in the goodwill impairment test as well as intangible assets and other nonfinancial long-lived assets measured at fair value for the purpose of impairment assessment.
The table below presents the unobservable inputs that are readily quantifiable pertaining to Level 3 measurements:
September 30, 2023 Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Input Range of Inputs Weighted Average Input Applied
Mortgage servicing rights Discounted cash flow Option adjusted spread 6% - 8% 6%
Mortgage servicing rights Discounted cash flow Constant prepayment rate —% - 100% 6%
Individually evaluated loans Appraisals / Discounted cash flow Collateral / Discount factor 22% - 36% 34%
Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale Discounted cash flow Closing Ratio 48% - 100% 84%
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Corporation is required to disclose estimated fair values for its financial instruments.
Fair value estimates are set forth below for the Corporation’s financial instruments:
  Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
($ in thousands) Fair Value Hierarchy Level Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks  Level 1 $ 388,694  $ 388,694  $ 436,952  $ 436,952 
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions  Level 1 323,130  323,130  156,693  156,693 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell  Level 1 965  965  27,810  27,810 
AFS investment securities  Level 1 109,024  109,024  109,378  109,378 
AFS investment securities Level 2 3,382,655  3,382,655  2,632,647  2,632,647 
HTM investment securities, net Level 1 999  948  999  936 
HTM investment securities, net Level 2 3,899,416  3,144,883  3,959,399  3,400,028 
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values Level 1 6,701  6,701  5,991  5,991 
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values NAV 10,000  10,000  —  — 
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values Level 3 19,236  19,236  19,225  19,225 
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks Level 2 268,698  268,698  295,496  295,496 
Residential loans held for sale Level 2 54,790  54,790  20,383  20,383 
Loans, net Level 3 29,847,392  28,705,298  28,486,849  27,481,426 
Bank and corporate owned life insurance Level 2 679,775  679,775  676,530  676,530 
Mortgage servicing rights, net Level 3 89,131  89,131  77,351  77,351 
Derivatives (other assets)(a)
Level 2 147,160  147,160  67,603  67,603 
Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale (other assets) Level 3 407  407  86  86 
Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans (other assets) Level 3 806  806  —  — 
Financial liabilities
Noninterest-bearing demand, savings, interest-bearing demand, and money market accounts Level 3 $ 26,056,389  $ 26,056,389  $ 27,705,996  $ 27,705,996 
Brokered CDs and other time deposits(b)
Level 2 6,066,937  6,066,937  1,930,158  1,930,158 
Short-term funding Level 2 451,644  451,624  605,937  605,205 
FHLB advances Level 2 3,733,041  3,734,775  4,319,861  4,322,264 
Other long-term funding Level 2 529,459  519,337  248,071  242,151 
Standby letters of credit(c)
Level 2 2,691  2,691  2,881  2,881 
Derivatives (accrued expenses and other liabilities)(a)
Level 2 317,109  317,109  254,033  254,033 
Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans (accrued expenses and other liabilities)  Level 3 —  —  46  46 
(a) Figures are presented gross before netting. See Note 9 and Note 10 for information relating to the impact of offsetting derivative assets and liabilities and cash collateral with the
    same counterparty where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement in place.
(b) When the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, the carrying value is reported as the fair value.
(c) The commitment on standby letters of credit was $247 million at September 30, 2023 and $271 million at December 31, 2022. See Note 11 for additional information on the standby letters of credit and for information on the fair value of lending-related commitments.
Note 13 Retirement Plans
The Corporation has a noncontributory defined benefit RAP, covering substantially all employees who meet participation requirements. The benefits are based primarily on years of service and the employee’s compensation paid. Employees of acquired entities generally participate in the RAP after consummation of the business combinations. Any retirement plans of acquired entities are typically merged into the RAP after completion of the mergers, and credit is usually given to employees for years of service at the acquired institution for vesting and eligibility purposes.
The Corporation also provides legacy healthcare access to a limited group of retired employees from a previous acquisition in the Postretirement Plan. There are no other active retiree healthcare plans.
43


The components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic benefit cost for the RAP and Postretirement Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
RAP
Service cost $ 800  $ 906  $ 2,392  $ 2,752 
Interest cost 2,794  1,820  8,165  5,364 
Expected return on plan assets (8,243) (6,706) (24,647) (20,177)
Amortization of prior service cost (63) (63) (188) (188)
Amortization of actuarial loss —  347  37  494 
Total net periodic pension cost $ (4,713) $ (3,696) $ (14,241) $ (11,754)
Postretirement Plan
Interest cost $ 20  $ 13  $ 59  $ 40 
Amortization of prior service cost (19) (19) (56) (56)
Amortization of actuarial (gain) (7) —  (22) — 
Total net periodic benefit cost $ (6) $ (6) $ (19) $ (17)
The components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic benefit cost, other than the service cost component, are included in the line item other of noninterest expense on the consolidated statements of income. The service cost components are included in personnel on the consolidated statements of income.
The Corporation’s funding policy is to pay at least the minimum amount required by federal law and regulations, with consideration given to the maximum funding amounts allowed. The Corporation regularly reviews the funding of its RAP. There were no contributions during 2022 or the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Note 14 Segment Reporting
The Corporation utilizes a risk-based internal profitability measurement system to provide strategic business unit reporting. The profitability measurement system is based on internal management methodologies designed to produce consistent results and reflect the underlying economics of the units. Certain strategic business units have been combined for segment information reporting purposes where the nature of the products and services, the type of customer, and the distribution of those products and services are similar. The three reportable segments are Corporate and Commercial Specialty; Community, Consumer, and Business; and Risk Management and Shared Services. The financial information of the Corporation’s segments has been compiled utilizing the accounting policies described in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, with certain exceptions. The more significant of these exceptions are described herein.
The reportable segment results are presented based on the Corporation's internal management accounting process. The management accounting policies and processes utilized in compiling segment financial information are highly subjective and, unlike financial accounting, are not based on authoritative guidance similar to U.S. GAAP. As a result, reported segments and the financial information of the reported segments are not necessarily comparable with similar information reported by other financial institutions. Furthermore, changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in previously reported segment financial data. Additionally, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities.
To determine financial performance of each segment, the Corporation allocates FTP assignments, the provision for credit losses, certain noninterest expenses, income taxes, and equity to each segment. Allocation methodologies are subject to periodic adjustment as the internal management accounting system is revised, the interest rate environment evolves, and business or product lines within the segments change. Also, because the development and application of these methodologies is a dynamic process, the financial results presented may be periodically reviewed.
The Corporation allocates net interest income using an internal FTP methodology that charges users of funds (assets, primarily loans) and credits providers of funds (liabilities, primarily deposits) based on the maturity, prepayment and/or re-pricing characteristics of the assets and liabilities. The net effect of this allocation is offset in the Risk Management and Shared Services segment to ensure consolidated totals reflect the Corporation's net interest income. The net FTP allocation is reflected as net intersegment interest income (expense) in the accompanying tables.
The provision for credit losses is allocated to segments based on the expected long-term annual net charge off rates attributable to the credit risk of loans managed by the segment during the period. In contrast, the level of the consolidated provision for credit losses is determined based on an ACLL model using the methodologies described in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The net effect of the credit provision is recorded in Risk Management and Shared Services. Indirect expenses incurred by certain centralized support areas are allocated to segments based on actual usage (for example, volume measurements) and other criteria.
44


Certain types of administrative expense and bank-wide expense accruals (including, when applicable, amortization of CDIs and other intangible assets associated with acquisitions, acquisition-related costs, and asset gains on disposed business units) are generally not allocated to segments. Income taxes are allocated to segments based on the Corporation’s estimated effective tax rate, with certain segments adjusted for any tax-exempt income or non-deductible expenses. Equity is allocated to the segments based on regulatory capital requirements and in proportion to an assessment of the inherent risks associated with the business of the segment (including interest, credit and operating risk).
A brief description of each business segment is presented below. A more in-depth discussion of these segments can be found in the Segment Reporting note in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Corporate and Commercial Specialty segment serves a wide range of customers including larger businesses, developers, not-for-profits, municipalities, and financial institutions by providing lending and deposit solutions as well as the support to deliver, fund, and manage such banking solutions. In addition, this segment provides a variety of investment, fiduciary, and retirement planning products and services to individuals and small to mid-sized businesses. The Community, Consumer, and Business segment serves individuals, as well as small and mid-sized businesses, by providing lending and deposit solutions. The Risk Management and Shared Services segment includes key shared operational functions and also includes residual revenue and expenses, representing the difference between actual amounts incurred and the amounts allocated to operating segments, including interest rate risk residuals (FTP mismatches) and credit risk and provision residuals (long-term credit charge mismatches).
Information about the Corporation’s segments is presented below:
Corporate and Commercial Specialty
Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net interest income $ 250,365  $ 161,143  $ 710,031  $ 363,135 
Net intersegment interest (expense) (106,675) (40,117) (288,366) (36,893)
Segment net interest income 143,690  121,026  421,665  326,242 
Noninterest income 34,081  35,663  99,243  112,620 
Total revenue 177,771  156,688  520,908  438,862 
Provision for credit losses 14,066  11,904  41,523  36,803 
Noninterest expense 63,207  58,934  186,351  172,141 
Income before income taxes 100,498  85,851  293,034  229,918 
Income tax expense 19,304  15,967  54,138  42,248 
Net income $ 81,194  $ 69,884  $ 238,897  $ 187,670 
Allocated goodwill $ 525,836  $ 525,836 
Community, Consumer, and Business
Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net interest income $ 67,139  $ 87,156  $ 219,883  $ 233,699 
Net intersegment interest income 123,900  49,437  317,820  98,907 
Segment net interest income 191,039  136,593  537,703  332,606 
Noninterest income 29,675  26,745  85,881  92,072 
Total revenue 220,714  163,338  623,584  424,679 
Provision for credit losses 7,381  5,378  21,467  14,958 
Noninterest expense 108,185  107,860  328,960  311,423 
Income before income taxes 105,148  50,100  273,158  98,298 
Income tax expense 22,187  10,521  57,469  20,642 
Net income $ 82,961  $ 39,579  $ 215,688  $ 77,655 
Allocated goodwill $ 579,156  $ 579,156 
45


  Risk Management and Shared Services
Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net interest income (loss) $ (63,260) $ 16,140  $ (143,743) $ 71,498 
Net intersegment (expense) (17,225) (9,320) (29,454) (62,014)
Segment net interest income (loss) (80,485) 6,820  (173,197) 9,484 
Noninterest income 2,823  8,381  9,071  16,021 
Total revenue (77,663) 15,201  (164,126) 25,505 
Provision for credit losses 496  (283) (975) (38,756)
Noninterest expense 24,814  28,997  58,980  66,940 
(Loss) before income taxes (102,972) (13,513) (222,131) (2,679)
Income tax expense (benefit) (22,065) (325) (41,308) 5,286 
Net (loss) $ (80,907) $ (13,189) $ (180,823) $ (7,965)
Allocated goodwill $ —  $ — 
Consolidated Total
Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net interest income $ 254,244  $ 264,439  $ 786,171  $ 668,332 
Net intersegment interest income —  —  —  — 
Segment net interest income 254,244  264,439  786,171  668,332 
Noninterest income 66,579  70,788  194,195  220,713 
Total revenue 320,823  335,227  980,366  889,045 
Provision for credit losses 21,943  16,998  62,014  13,006 
Noninterest expense 196,205  195,791  574,291  550,503 
Income before income taxes 102,674  122,438  344,061  325,536 
Income tax expense 19,426  26,163  70,299  68,176 
Net income $ 83,248  $ 96,275  $ 273,762  $ 257,360 
Allocated goodwill $ 1,104,992  $ 1,104,992 
















46


Note 15 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables summarize the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at September 30, 2023 and 2022, including changes during the preceding three and nine month periods as well as any reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
($ in thousands) AFS Investment
Securities
Cash Flow Hedge Derivatives Defined Benefit
Pension and
Postretirement
Obligations
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance December 31, 2022
$ (233,192) $ 3,360  $ (42,968) $ (272,799)
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications (69,512) —  —  (69,512)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost 6,883  —  —  6,883 
Other assets / accrued expenses and other liabilities —  (33,976) —  (33,976)
Interest income —  9,097  —  9,097 
Personnel expense —  —  (244) (244)
Other expense —  —  15  15 
Income tax benefit 15,879  5,488  31  21,398 
Net other comprehensive loss during period (46,751) (19,391) (198) (66,340)
Balance September 30, 2023 $ (279,943) $ (16,032) $ (43,166) $ (339,140)
Balance December 31, 2021
$ (5,266) $ —  $ (5,051) $ (10,317)
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications (268,413) —  —  (268,413)
Unrealized (losses) on AFS securities transferred to HTM securities (67,604) —  —  (67,604)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Investment securities (gains), net (12) —  —  (12)
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost 7,269  —  —  7,269 
Personnel expense —  —  (244) (244)
Other expense —  —  494  494 
Income tax (expense) benefit 83,906  —  (470) 83,436 
Net other comprehensive (loss) during period (244,854) —  (221) (245,074)
Balance September 30, 2022 $ (250,120) $ —  $ (5,272) $ (255,391)
($ in thousands) AFS Investment
Securities
Cash Flow Hedge Derivatives Defined Benefit
Pension and
Postretirement
Obligations
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance June 30, 2023
$ (239,273) $ (9,270) $ (43,099) $ (291,642)
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications (56,924) —  —  (56,924)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost 2,327  —  —  2,327 
Other assets / accrued expenses and other liabilities —  (13,592) —  (13,592)
Interest income —  4,516  —  4,516 
Personnel expense —  —  (81) (81)
Other expense —  —  (7) (7)
Income tax benefit 13,928  2,315  23  16,266 
Net other comprehensive (loss) during period (40,669) (6,762) (66) (47,497)
Balance September 30, 2023 $ (279,943) $ (16,032) $ (43,166) $ (339,140)
Balance June 30, 2022 $ (177,726) $ —  $ (5,062) $ (182,788)
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications (100,092) —  —  (100,092)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost 2,888  —  —  2,888 
Personnel expense —  —  (82) (82)
Other expense —  —  347  347 
Income tax (expense) benefit 24,810  —  (474) 24,336 
Net other comprehensive (loss) during period (72,394) —  (209) (72,603)
Balance September 30, 2022 $ (250,120) $ —  $ (5,272) $ (255,391)
47


Note 16 Leases
The Corporation has operating leases for retail and corporate offices, land, and equipment. The Corporation also has a finance lease for retail and corporate offices.
These leases have original terms of 1 year or longer with remaining maturities up to 39 years, some of which include options to extend the lease term. An analysis of the lease options has been completed and any purchase options or optional periods that the Corporation is reasonably likely to extend have been included in the capitalization.
The discount rate used to capitalize the operating leases is the Corporation's FHLB borrowing rate on the date of lease commencement. When determining the rate to discount specific lease obligations, the repayment period and term are considered.
Operating and finance lease costs and cash flows resulting from these leases are presented below:
Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Operating lease costs $ 1,594  $ 1,637  $ 4,536  $ 5,361 
Finance lease costs 23  23  69  96 
Operating lease cash flows 1,917  1,880  5,442  6,614 
Finance lease cash flows 23  22  69  103 
The lease classifications on the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
($ in thousands) Consolidated Balance Sheets Category Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use asset Premises and equipment $ 23,677  $ 25,617 
Finance lease right-of-use asset Other assets 390  455 
Operating lease liability Accrued expenses and other liabilities 26,059  28,357 
Finance lease liability Other long-term funding 405  469 
The lease payment obligations, weighted-average remaining lease term, and weighted-average original discount rate were as follows:
Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
($ in thousands) Lease payments Weighted-average lease term (in years) Weighted-average discount rate Lease payments Weighted-average lease term (in years) Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases
Retail and corporate offices $ 23,662  5.44 2.81  % $ 26,140  5.92 2.62  %
Land 4,255  7.11 3.47  % 4,766  7.59 3.14  %
Equipment 408  2.75 4.62  % —  0.00 —  %
Total operating leases $ 28,325  5.64 2.93  % $ 30,906  6.17 2.70  %
Finance leases
Retail and corporate offices $ 417  4.50 1.32  % $ 485  5.25 1.32  %
Total finance leases $ 417  4.50 1.32  % $ 485  5.25 1.32  %
Contractual lease payment obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter, in addition to a reconciliation to the Corporation’s lease liability, were as follows:
($ in thousands) Operating Leases Finance Leases Total Leases
Three months ended December 31, 2023 $ 1,509  $ 23  $ 1,532 
2024 6,124  93  6,217 
2025 5,223  93  5,315 
2026 4,672  93  4,765 
2027 4,014  93  4,107 
Beyond 2027 6,782  23  6,805 
Total lease payments $ 28,325  $ 417  $ 28,742 
Less: interest 2,266  12  2,278 
Present value of lease payments $ 26,059  $ 405  $ 26,464 
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, additional operating leases, primarily retail and corporate offices, that had not yet commenced totaled $4 million and $13 million, respectively. The leases that had not yet commenced as of September 30, 2023 will commence between October 2023 and December 2024 with lease terms of 1 year to 6 years.
48


ITEM 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains statements that may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe-harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, such as statements other than historical facts contained or incorporated by reference into this report. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to the Corporation’s financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business, including statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words “believes,” “expects,” or “anticipates,” references to estimates or similar expressions. Future filings by the Corporation with the SEC, and future statements other than historical facts contained in written material, press releases and oral statements issued by, or on behalf of the Corporation may also constitute forward-looking statements.
All forward-looking statements contained in this report or which may be contained in future statements made for or on behalf of the Corporation are based upon information available at the time the statement is made and the Corporation assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by federal securities law. Forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, and the Corporation’s actual results may differ materially from the expected results discussed in such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause actual results to differ from the results discussed in forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risk factors in Item 1A, Risk Factors, in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and as may be described from time to time in the Corporation’s subsequent SEC filings.
Overview
The following discussion and analysis is presented to assist in the understanding and evaluation of the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. It is intended to complement the unaudited consolidated financial statements, footnotes, and supplemental financial data appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction therewith. Management continually evaluates strategic acquisition opportunities and various other strategic alternatives that could involve the sale or acquisition of branches or other assets, or the consolidation or creation of subsidiaries. Within the tables presented, certain columns and rows may not sum due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes.
49


Performance Summary
•Average loans of $29.4 billion increased $3.9 billion, or 15%, from the first nine months of 2022, with growth in all major loan categories. For 2023, the Corporation expects period end loan growth of 5% to 6%.
•Average deposits of $31.1 billion increased $2.5 billion, or 9%, from the first nine months of 2022, driven by increases in time deposits and network transaction deposits, partially offset by a decrease in noninterest-bearing deposits. For 2023, the Corporation expects end of period core customer deposit compression of 3% with growth of 2% for the second half of the year.
•Net interest income of $786 million increased $118 million, or 18%, from the first nine months of 2022, and net interest margin was 2.86% compared to 2.77% for the first nine months of 2022. The increase in net interest income was driven by higher interest income as a result of growth in balances across all loan categories, which also benefited from the Federal Reserve increasing the federal funds target interest rate 225 bp since September 30, 2022, partially offset by higher interest expense on deposits and borrowings. For 2023, the Corporation expects net interest income growth of 8% to 10%.
•Provision for credit losses was $62 million, compared to a provision of $13 million for the first nine months of 2022, driven by a mix of portfolio loan growth, nominal credit movement, and general macroeconomic trends. For 2023, the Corporation expects to adjust provision to reflect changes to risk grades, economic conditions, loan volumes, and other indications of credit quality.
•Noninterest income of $194 million decreased $27 million, or 12%, from the first nine months of 2022, partially driven by a decrease in service charges and deposit account fees eliminated in 2022 and a decrease in capital markets, net, as a result of lower interest rate swap revenue and syndication fees. For 2023, the Corporation expects total noninterest income to compress by 8% to 10%.
•Noninterest expense of $574 million increased $24 million, or 4%, from the first nine months of 2022, primarily driven by higher personnel expense largely as a result of increased FTEs due to hiring related to previously announced initiatives and continued investment in our employees, increased FDIC assessment expense driven by the FDIC assessment rate increase effective January 2023, and increased technology expense. For 2023, the Corporation expects total noninterest expense to grow by 3% to 4%.
Table 1 Summary Results of Operations: Trends
Nine months ended Three months ended
($ in thousands, except per share data) Sep 30, 2023 Sep 30, 2022 Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022
Net income $ 273,762  $ 257,360  $ 83,248  $ 87,154  $ 103,360  $ 108,762  $ 96,275 
Net income available to common equity 265,137  248,735  80,373  84,279  100,485  105,887  93,400 
Earnings per common share - basic 1.76  1.66  0.53  0.56  0.67  0.70  0.62 
Earnings per common share - diluted 1.75  1.65  0.53  0.56  0.66  0.70  0.62 
Effective tax rate 20.43  % 20.94  % 18.92  % 21.26  % 20.92  % 18.89  % 21.37  %
50

Income Statement Analysis
Net Interest Income
Table 2 Net Interest Income Analysis
  Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
  2023 2022
 ($ in thousands)
Average
Balance
Interest
Income /
Expense
Average
Yield /
Rate
Average
Balance
Interest
Income /
Expense
Average
Yield /
Rate
Assets
Earning assets
Loans(a)(b)(c)
Commercial and business lending $ 10,835,003  $ 546,210  6.74% $ 9,623,927  $ 236,971  3.29%
Commercial real estate lending 7,286,627  381,425  7.00% 6,438,335  176,006  3.65%
Total commercial 18,121,629  927,634  6.84% 16,062,262  412,977  3.44%
Residential mortgage 8,698,542  217,410  3.33% 7,920,382  177,906  2.99%
Auto finance 1,677,838  60,233  4.80% 657,150  17,837  3.63%
Other retail 895,371  59,163  8.82% 888,241  35,900  5.40%
Total loans 29,393,380  1,264,441  5.75% 25,528,036  644,621  3.37%
Investment securities
Taxable 5,209,845  104,197  2.67% 4,371,244  54,009  1.65%
Tax-exempt(a)
2,314,838  60,429  3.48% 2,416,064  61,771  3.41%
Other short-term investments 495,883  17,990  4.85% 625,748  7,696  1.64%
Investments and other 8,020,566  182,616  3.03% 7,413,056  123,477  2.22%
Total earning assets 37,413,946  $ 1,447,057  5.17% 32,941,092  $ 768,098  3.11%
Other assets, net 3,005,220  3,134,678 
Total assets $ 40,419,166  $ 36,075,770 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits
Savings $ 4,743,526  $ 43,611  1.23% $ 4,650,105  $ 1,427  0.04%
Interest-bearing demand 6,819,714  106,860  2.09% 6,573,680  14,307  0.29%
Money market 6,853,545  130,201  2.54% 7,090,960  12,642  0.24%
Network transaction deposits 1,420,042  53,259  5.01% 795,059  6,460  1.09%
Time deposits 4,447,813  130,818  3.93% 1,266,116  2,754  0.29%
Total interest-bearing deposits 24,284,640  464,749  2.56% 20,375,920  37,590  0.25%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 344,950  8,504  3.30% 376,687  1,200  0.43%
Commercial paper 11,475  0.01% 23,106  0.01%
FHLB advances 3,834,247  147,365  5.14% 2,445,486  38,663  2.11%
Long-term funding 495,434  25,895  6.97% 249,759  8,182  4.37%
Total short and long-term funding 4,686,106  181,765  5.18% 3,095,039  48,047  2.07%
Total interest-bearing liabilities 28,970,746  $ 646,514  2.98% 23,470,959  $ 85,637  0.49%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 6,772,521  8,189,067 
Other liabilities 567,938  446,249 
Stockholders’ equity 4,107,961  3,969,495 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 40,419,166  $ 36,075,770 
Interest rate spread 2.19% 2.62%
Net free funds 0.67% 0.15%
Fully tax-equivalent net interest income and net interest margin $ 800,543  2.86% $ 682,461  2.77%
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment 14,372  14,129 
Net interest income $ 786,171  $ 668,332 
(a) The yield on tax-exempt loans and securities is computed on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% and is net of the effects of certain disallowed interest deductions.
(b) Nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale have been included in the average balances.
(c) Interest income includes amortization of net deferred loan origination costs and net accreted purchase loan discount.
51

Table 2 Net Interest Income Analysis
  Three Months Ended,
  Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Sep 30, 2022
 ($ in thousands) Average
Balance
Interest
Income /
Expense
Average
Yield /
Rate
Average
Balance
Interest
Income /
Expense
Average
Yield /
Rate
Average
Balance
Interest
Income /
Expense
Average
Yield /
Rate
Assets
Earning assets
Loans(a)(b)(c)
Commercial and business lending $ 10,985,584  $ 194,956  7.04% $ 10,899,337  $ 184,080  6.77% $ 10,192,463  $ 110,215  4.29%
Commercial real estate lending 7,312,645  134,370  7.29% 7,295,367  127,967  7.04% 6,768,054  78,887  4.62%
Total commercial 18,298,229  329,326  7.14% 18,194,703  312,047  6.88% 16,960,517  189,101  4.42%
Residential mortgage 8,807,157  74,643  3.39% 8,701,496  72,056  3.31% 8,223,531  64,069  3.12%
Auto finance 1,884,540  24,074  5.07% 1,654,523  19,701  4.78% 969,918  9,170  3.75%
Other retail 894,685  20,534  9.15% 887,574  20,135  9.08% 901,738  13,868  6.13%
Total loans 29,884,611  448,577  5.96% 29,438,297  423,939  5.77% 27,055,703  276,209  4.06%
Investment securities
Taxable 5,407,299  38,210  2.83% 5,304,381  35,845  2.70% 4,328,586  19,221  1.78%
Tax-exempt(a)
2,300,488  20,085  3.49% 2,314,825  20,152  3.48% 2,435,957  20,838  3.42%
Other short-term investments 483,211  6,575  5.40% 511,487  6,086  4.77% 378,528  3,284  3.45%
Investments and other 8,190,998  64,870  3.16% 8,130,693  62,083  3.05% 7,143,071  43,342  2.42%
Total earning assets 38,075,608  $ 513,447  5.36% 37,568,991  $ 486,022  5.18% 34,198,774  $ 319,551  3.72%
Other assets, net 3,000,371  2,989,321  3,073,005 
Total assets $ 41,075,980  $ 40,558,311  $ 37,271,779 
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Interest-bearing liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits
Savings $ 4,814,499  $ 18,592  1.53% $ 4,749,808  $ 15,160  1.28% $ 4,735,285  $ 516  0.04%
Interest-bearing demand 6,979,071  41,980  2.39% 6,663,775  34,961  2.10% 6,587,404  10,306  0.62%
Money market 6,294,083  45,034  2.84% 6,743,810  43,529  2.59% 7,328,165  9,474  0.51%
Network transaction deposits 1,639,619  22,008  5.33% 1,468,006  18,426  5.03% 873,168  4,716  2.14%
Time deposits 5,955,741  65,517  4.36% 4,985,949  50,119  4.03% 1,230,859  989  0.32%
Total interest-bearing deposits 25,683,013  193,131  2.98% 24,611,348  162,196  2.64% 20,754,882  26,000  0.50%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 320,518  3,100  3.84% 285,754  2,261  3.17% 380,674  756  0.79%
Commercial paper 5,041  —  0.01% 12,179  —  0.01% 18,308  0.01%
FHLB advances 3,460,827  48,143  5.52% 3,796,106  49,261  5.20% 3,283,328  20,792  2.51%
Long-term funding 533,744  10,019  7.51% 543,003  9,596  7.07% 249,838  2,722  4.36%
Total short and long-term funding 4,320,130  61,263  5.63% 4,637,042  61,118  5.28% 3,932,149  24,270  2.45%
Total interest-bearing liabilities 30,003,143  $ 254,394  3.36% 29,248,389  $ 223,314  3.06% 24,687,031  $ 50,270  0.81%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 6,318,781  6,669,787  8,119,475 
Other liabilities 622,004  511,074  480,672 
Stockholders’ equity 4,132,052  4,129,061  3,984,602 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 41,075,980  $ 40,558,311  $ 37,271,779 
Interest rate spread 2.00% 2.12% 2.91%
Net free funds 0.71% 0.68% 0.22%
Fully tax-equivalent net interest income and net interest margin $ 259,053  2.71% $ 262,708  2.80% $ 269,281  3.13%
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment 4,810  4,791  4,843 
Net interest income $ 254,244  $ 257,917  $ 264,439 

(a) The yield on tax-exempt loans and securities is computed on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% and is net of the effects of certain disallowed interest deductions.
(b) Nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale have been included in the average balances.
(c) Interest income includes amortization of net deferred loan origination costs and net accreted purchase loan discount.



52

Notable Contributions to the Change in Net Interest Income
•Fully tax-equivalent net interest income and net interest income were $118 million, or 17%, and $118 million, or 18%, higher than the first nine months of 2022, respectively. Average loans increased $3.9 billion, or 15%, from the first nine months of 2022, and average investments and other short-term investments increased $608 million, or 8%, from the first nine months of 2022. The increase in net interest income was driven by a higher federal funds target rate combined with growth in all major loan categories. Since September 30, 2022, the Federal Reserve increased the federal funds target interest rate 225 bp, which contributed to the yield on earning assets increasing by 206 bp. See sections Interest Rate Risk and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for a discussion of interest rate risk and market risk.
•    Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $5.5 billion, or 23%, compared to the first nine months of 2022. Average interest-bearing deposits increased $3.9 billion, or 19%, from the first nine months of 2022, primarily driven by increases in time deposits and network transaction deposits. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits decreased $1.4 billion, or 17%, versus the first nine months of 2022. Average FHLB advances increased $1.4 billion, or 57%, from the first nine months of 2022, to fund balance sheet growth. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 249 bp from the first nine months of 2022.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses is predominantly a function of the Corporation’s reserving methodology and judgments as to other qualitative and quantitative factors used to determine the appropriate level of the ACLL, which focuses on changes in the size and character of the loan portfolio, changes in levels of individually evaluated and other nonaccrual loans, historical losses and delinquencies in each portfolio category, the risk inherent in specific loans, concentrations of loans to specific borrowers or industries, existing economic conditions and economic forecasts, the fair value of underlying collateral, and other factors which could affect potential credit losses. The forecast the Corporation used for September 30, 2023 was the Moody's baseline scenario from August 2023, which was reviewed against the September 2023 baseline scenario with no material updates made, over a 2 year reasonable and supportable period with straight-line reversion to historical losses over the second year of the period. See additional discussion under the sections titled Loans, Credit Risk, Nonperforming Assets, and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.
Noninterest Income
Table 3 Noninterest Income
Nine months ended Three months ended Changes vs
($ in thousands, except as noted) Sep 30, 2023 Sep 30, 2022 YTD % Change Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2023 Sep 30, 2022
Wealth management fees $ 61,499  $ 63,719  (3) % $ 20,828  $ 20,483  $ 20,189  $ 20,403  $ 19,984  % %
Service charges and deposit account fees 38,230  48,392  (21) % 12,864  12,372  12,994  13,918  15,029  % (14) %
Card-based fees 33,492  32,847  % 11,510  11,396  10,586  11,167  11,479  % —  %
Other fee-based revenue 13,249  12,613  % 4,509  4,465  4,276  3,290  4,487  % —  %
Total fee-based revenue 146,470  157,571  (7) % 49,710  48,715  48,045  48,779  50,979  % (2) %
Capital markets, net 15,544  24,331  (36) % 5,368  5,093  5,083  5,586  7,675  % (30) %
Mortgage banking, net 17,814  16,635  % 6,501  7,768  3,545  2,238  2,098  (16) % N/M
Bank and corporate owned life insurance 6,882  8,004  (14) % 2,047  2,172  2,664  3,427  1,827  (6) % 12  %
Other 6,841  6,613  % 2,339  2,080  2,422  4,102  2,527  12  % (7) %
Subtotal 193,551  213,154  (9) % 65,965  65,827  61,758  64,132  65,106  —  % %
Asset gains (losses), net 590  1,883  (69) % 625  (299) 263  (545) 18  N/M N/M
Investment securities gains (losses), net 55  5,676  (99) % (11) 14  51  (1,930) 5,664  N/M N/M
Total noninterest income $ 194,195  $ 220,713  (12) % $ 66,579  $ 65,543  $ 62,073  $ 61,657  $ 70,788  % (6) %
Mortgage loans originated for sale during period $ 283,469  $ 535,694  (47) % $ 115,075  $ 99,141  $ 69,254  $ 64,419  $ 131,743  16  % (13) %
Mortgage loan settlements during period 254,619  620,352  (59) % 103,452  96,514  54,652  94,682  119,942  % (14) %
Assets under management, at market value(a)
12,543  12,995  12,412  11,843  11,142  (3) % 13  %
N/M = Not Meaningful
(a) $ in millions. Excludes assets held in brokerage accounts.
53

Notable Contributions to the Change in Noninterest Income
•Service charges and deposit account fees decreased $10 million from the first nine months of 2022, primarily due to the reduction and elimination of many deposit account fees in the third quarter of 2022.
•Capital markets, net decreased $9 million from the first nine months of 2022, as a result of lower interest rate swap revenue and syndication fees.
•Wealth management fees decreased $2 million from the first nine months of 2022, mainly driven by market conditions.
Noninterest Expense
Table 4 Noninterest Expense
Nine months ended Three months ended Change vs
($ in thousands) Sep 30, 2023 Sep 30, 2022 YTD % Change Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2023 Sep 30, 2022
Personnel $ 347,669  $ 335,720  % $ 117,159  $ 114,089  $ 116,420  $ 118,381  $ 118,243  % (1) %
Technology 73,990  65,401  13  % 26,172  24,220  23,598  25,299  22,694  % 15  %
Occupancy 42,775  43,948  (3) % 14,125  13,587  15,063  15,846  13,717  % %
Business development and advertising 20,054  17,388  15  % 7,100  7,106  5,849  8,136  6,778  —  % %
Equipment 14,921  14,841  % 5,016  4,975  4,930  4,791  4,921  % %
Legal and professional 13,149  14,118  (7) % 4,461  4,831  3,857  4,132  4,159  (8) % %
Loan and foreclosure costs 4,822  5,121  (6) % 2,049  1,635  1,138  804  1,631  25  % 26  %
FDIC assessment 25,575  16,300  57  % 9,150  9,550  6,875  6,350  5,800  (4) % 58  %
Other intangible amortization 6,608  6,608  —  % 2,203  2,203  2,203  2,203  2,203  —  % —  %
Other 24,726  31,057  (20) % 8,771  8,476  7,479  10,618  15,645  % (44) %
Total noninterest expense $ 574,291  $ 550,503  % $ 196,205  $ 190,673  $ 187,412  $ 196,560  $ 195,791  % —  %
Average FTEs(a)
4,222  4,101  % 4,220  4,227  4,219  4,169  4,182  —  % %

(a) Average FTEs without overtime
Notable Contributions to the Change in Noninterest Expense
•Personnel expense increased $12 million from the first nine months of 2022, largely as a result of increased FTEs due to hiring related to previously announced initiatives and continued investment in our employees.
•FDIC expense increased $9 million from the first nine months of 2022, primarily driven by the FDIC's assessment rate change on January 1, 2023. The Corporation is expecting additional FDIC assessment expense associated with the special assessment that was proposed by the FDIC in May 2023. The proposal would assess a 12.5 bp annual special assessment on the Bank's uninsured deposits reported in the Call Report for December 31, 2022, excluding the first $5 billion of uninsured deposits, and would be in place for two years. The Bank's Call Report uninsured deposits at December 31, 2022 were $15.7 billion. Once an assessment is approved, the full expense for the two year period will be recognized.
•Technology expense increased $9 million from the first nine months of 2022, driven by digital investments tied to our strategic initiatives.
Income Taxes
The Corporation recognized income tax expense of $70 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to income tax expense of $68 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Corporation's effective tax rate was 20.43% for the first nine months of 2023, compared to an effective tax rate of 20.94% for the first nine months of 2022. The increase in income tax expense during the first nine months of 2023 was primarily driven by an increase in income before tax. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily driven by a decrease in state tax expense. The Corporation expects a full year effective tax rate of 20 to 21%, assuming no change in the statutory corporate tax rate.
Income tax expense recorded on the consolidated statements of income involves the interpretation and application of certain accounting pronouncements and federal and state tax laws and regulations. The Corporation is subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Examination by taxing authorities may impact the amount of tax expense and/or the reserve for uncertainty in income taxes if their interpretations differ from those of management, based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examinations.
54

Balance Sheet Analysis
•At September 30, 2023, total assets were $41.6 billion, up $2.2 billion, or 6%, from December 31, 2022, and up $3.6 billion, or 9%, from September 30, 2022.
•Interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions were $323 million at September 30, 2023, up $166 million, or 106%, from December 31, 2022, and up $211 million, or 188%, from September 30, 2022.
•AFS investment securities, at fair value were $3.5 billion at September 30, 2023, up $750 million, or 27%, from December 31, 2022, and up $1.0 billion, or 40%, from September 30, 2022. HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost were $3.9 billion at September 30, 2023, down $60 million, or 2%, from December 31, 2022, and down $51 million, or 1%, from September 30, 2022. See Note 5 Investment Securities of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.
•Loans of $30.2 billion at September 30, 2023 were up $1.4 billion, or 5%, from December 31, 2022, and up $2.4 billion, or 9%, from September 30, 2022. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.
•At September 30, 2023, total deposits of $32.1 billion were up $2.5 billion, or 8%, from December 31, 2022, and were up $2.9 billion, or 10%, from September 30, 2022. See section Deposits and Customer Funding for additional information on deposits.
•Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase were $452 million at September 30, 2023, down $133 million, or 23%, from December 31, 2022, and up $175 million, or 63%, from September 30, 2022. See Note 8 Short and Long-Term Funding of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.
•FHLB advances were $3.7 billion at September 30, 2023, down $587 million, or 14%, from December 31, 2022, and down $44 million, or 1%, from September 30, 2022. See Note 8 Short and Long-Term Funding of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.
•Other long-term funding was $529 million at September 30, 2023, up $281 million, or 113%, from December 31, 2022, and up $280 million, or 112%, from September 30, 2022, primarily driven by the Corporation's issuance of subordinated notes in February 2023. See Note 8 Short and Long-Term Funding of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.
Loans
Table 5 Period End Loan Composition
  Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022
 ($ in thousands) Amount % of
Total
Amount % of
Total
Amount % of
Total
Amount % of
Total
Amount % of
Total
Commercial and industrial $ 10,099,068  33  % $ 10,055,487  34  % $ 9,869,781  34  % $ 9,759,454  34  % $ 9,571,925  34  %
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 1,054,969  % 1,058,237  % 1,050,236  % 991,722  % 999,786  %
Commercial and business lending 11,154,037  37  % 11,113,724  37  % 10,920,017  37  % 10,751,176  37  % 10,571,711  38  %
Commercial real estate — investor 5,218,980  17  % 5,312,928  18  % 5,094,249  17  % 5,080,344  18  % 5,064,289  18  %
Real estate construction 2,130,719  % 2,009,060  % 2,147,070  % 2,155,222  % 1,835,159  %
Commercial real estate lending 7,349,699  24  % 7,321,988  25  % 7,241,318  25  % 7,235,565  25  % 6,899,449  25  %
Total commercial 18,503,736  61  % 18,435,711  62  % 18,161,335  62  % 17,986,742  62  % 17,471,159  63  %
Residential mortgage 8,782,645  29  % 8,746,345  29  % 8,605,164  29  % 8,511,550  30  % 8,314,902  30  %
Auto finance 2,007,164  % 1,777,974  % 1,551,538  % 1,382,073  % 1,117,136  %
Home equity 623,650  % 615,506  % 609,787  % 624,353  % 612,608  %
Other consumer 275,993  % 273,367  % 279,248  % 294,851  % 301,475  %
Total consumer 11,689,451  39  % 11,413,193  38  % 11,045,737  38  % 10,812,828  38  % 10,346,121  37  %
Total loans $ 30,193,187  100  % $ 29,848,904  100  % $ 29,207,072  100  % $ 28,799,569  100  % $ 27,817,280  100  %
The Corporation has long-term guidelines relative to the proportion of Commercial and Business, CRE, and Consumer loan commitments within the overall loan portfolio, with each targeted to represent 30 to 40% of the overall loan portfolio. The targeted long-term guidelines were unchanged during 2022 and the first nine months of 2023. Furthermore, certain sub-asset classes within the respective portfolios are further defined and dollar limitations are placed on these sub-portfolios. These guidelines and limits are reviewed quarterly and approved annually by the Enterprise Risk Committee of the Corporation’s Board of Directors. These guidelines and limits are designed to create balance and diversification within the loan portfolios.
55

The Corporation’s loan distribution and interest rate sensitivity as of September 30, 2023 are summarized in the following table:
Table 6 Loan Distribution and Interest Rate Sensitivity
($ in thousands)
Within 1 Year(a)
1-5 Years 5-15 Years Over 15 Years Total % of Total
Commercial and industrial $ 9,181,210  $ 652,572  $ 256,501  $ 8,784  $ 10,099,068  33  %
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 652,639  279,043  122,993  295  1,054,969  %
Commercial real estate — investor 4,846,003  226,962  146,015  —  5,218,980  17  %
Real estate construction 2,048,329  43,915  29,697  8,779  2,130,719  %
Commercial - adjustable 11,413,802  29,485  8,026  —  11,451,314  38  %
Commercial - fixed 5,314,379  1,173,006  547,180  17,857  7,052,422  23  %
Residential mortgage - adjustable 316,708  1,020,151  1,883,429  301  3,220,588  11  %
Residential mortgage - fixed 5,576  86,514  538,718  4,931,249  5,562,057  18  %
Auto finance 369  733,245  1,273,550  —  2,007,164  %
Home equity 564,104  11,253  39,252  9,041  623,650  %
Other consumer 201,452  36,438  25,150  12,953  275,993  %
Total loans $ 17,816,390  $ 3,090,092  $ 4,315,305  $ 4,971,401  $ 30,193,187  100  %
Fixed-rate $ 5,329,729  $ 2,039,525  $ 2,423,850  $ 4,971,100  $ 14,764,204  49  %
Floating or adjustable rate 12,486,661  1,050,567  1,891,455  301  15,428,984  51  %
Total $ 17,816,390  $ 3,090,092  $ 4,315,305  $ 4,971,401  $ 30,193,187  100  %
(a) Demand loans, past due loans, overdrafts, and credit cards are reported in the “Within 1 Year” category.
At September 30, 2023, $20.8 billion, or 69%, of the loans outstanding and $16.8 billion, or 91%, of the commercial loans outstanding were floating rate, adjustable rate, re-pricing within one year, or maturing within one year.
Credit Risk
An active credit risk management process is used for commercial loans to ensure that sound and consistent credit decisions are made. Credit risk is controlled by detailed underwriting procedures, comprehensive loan administration, and periodic review of borrowers’ outstanding loans and commitments. Borrower relationships are formally reviewed and graded on an ongoing basis for early identification of potential problems. Further analysis by customer, industry, and geographic location are performed to monitor trends, financial performance, and concentrations. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on managing overall credit quality.
The loan portfolio is widely diversified by types of borrowers, industry groups, and market areas within the Corporation's branch footprint. Significant loan concentrations are considered to exist when there are amounts loaned to numerous borrowers engaged in similar activities that would cause them to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditions. At September 30, 2023, no significant concentrations existed in the Corporation’s portfolio in excess of 10% of total loan exposure.
Commercial and business lending: The commercial and business lending classification primarily includes commercial loans to large corporations, middle market companies, small businesses, and asset-based and equipment financing.
Table 7 Largest Commercial and Industrial Industry Group Exposures, by NAICS Subsector
September 30, 2023 NAICS Subsector Outstanding Balance Total Exposure % of Total Loan Exposure
Real Estate(a)
531 $ 1,872,397  $ 3,482,921  %
Utilities(b)
221 2,295,402  2,690,573  %
Credit Intermediation and Related Activities(c)
522 1,019,466  1,916,996  %
Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods 423 498,039  929,829  %
(a) Includes REIT lines.
(b) 52% of the total exposure comes from renewable energy sources (wind, solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal).
(c) Includes mortgage warehouse lines.
The remaining commercial and industrial portfolio is spread over a diverse range of industries, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.
The CRE-owner occupied portfolio is spread over a diverse range of industries, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.
The credit risk related to commercial and business lending is largely influenced by general economic conditions and the resulting impact on a borrower’s operations or on the value of underlying collateral, if any.
56

Commercial real estate - investor: CRE-investor is comprised of loans secured by various non-owner occupied or investor income producing property types.
Table 8 Largest Commercial Real Estate Investor Property Type Exposures
September 30, 2023 % of Total Loan Exposure % of Total Commercial Real Estate - Investor Loan Exposure
Multi-Family % 35  %
Industrial % 24  %
Office % 21  %
The remaining CRE-investor portfolio is spread over various other property types, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.
Credit risk is managed in a similar manner to commercial and business lending by employing sound underwriting guidelines, lending primarily to borrowers in local markets and businesses, periodically evaluating the underlying collateral, and formally reviewing the borrower’s financial soundness and relationship on an ongoing basis.
Real estate construction: Real estate construction loans are primarily short-term or interim loans that provide financing for the acquisition or development of commercial income properties, multi-family projects, or residential development, both single family and condominium. Real estate construction loans are made to developers and project managers who are generally well known to the Corporation and have prior successful project experience. The credit risk associated with real estate construction loans is generally confined to specific geographic areas but is also influenced by general economic conditions. The Corporation controls the credit risk on these types of loans by making loans in familiar markets to developers, reviewing the merits of individual projects, controlling loan structure, and monitoring project progress and construction advances.
Table 9 Largest Real Estate Construction Property Type Exposures
September 30, 2023 % of Total Loan Exposure % of Total Real Estate Construction Loan Exposure
Multi-Family % 43  %
Industrial % 25  %
The remaining real estate construction portfolio is spread over various other property types, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.
The Corporation’s current lending standards for CRE and real estate construction lending are determined by property type and specifically address many criteria, including: maximum loan amounts, maximum LTV, requirements for pre-leasing and/or presales, minimum borrower equity, and maximum loan-to-cost. Currently, the maximum standard for LTV is 80%, with lower limits established for certain higher risk types, such as raw land that has a 50% LTV maximum. The Corporation’s LTV guidelines are in compliance with regulatory supervisory limits. In most cases, for real estate construction loans, the loan amounts include interest reserves, which are built into the loans and sized to fund loan payments through construction and lease up and/or sell out.
Residential mortgages: Residential mortgage loans are primarily first lien home mortgages with a maximum loan-to-collateral value without credit enhancement (e.g. private mortgage insurance) of 80%. The residential mortgage portfolio is focused primarily in the Corporation's three-state branch footprint, with approximately 87% of the outstanding loan balances in the Corporation's branch footprint at September 30, 2023. The rates on adjustable rate mortgages adjust based upon the movement in the underlying index which is then added to a margin and rounded to the nearest 0.125%. That result is then subjected to any periodic caps to produce the borrower's interest rate for the coming term. Most of the adjustable rate mortgages have an initial fixed rate term of 3, 5, 7 or 10 years.
The Corporation generally retains certain fixed-rate residential real estate mortgages in its loan portfolio, including retail and private banking jumbo mortgages and CRA-related mortgages. As part of management’s historical practice of originating and servicing residential mortgage loans, generally the Corporation’s 30 year, agency conforming, fixed-rate residential real estate mortgage loans have been sold in the secondary market with servicing rights retained. Subject to management’s analysis of the current interest rate environment, among other market factors, the Corporation may choose to retain mortgage loan production on its balance sheet.
The Corporation’s underwriting and risk-based pricing guidelines for residential mortgage loans include minimum borrower FICO score and maximum LTV of the property securing the loan. Residential mortgage products generally are underwritten using FHLMC and FNMA secondary marketing guidelines.
57

Home equity: Home equity consists of both home equity lines of credit and closed-end home equity loans. The Corporation’s credit risk monitoring guidelines for home equity are based on an ongoing review of loan delinquency status, as well as a quarterly review of FICO score deterioration and property devaluation. The Corporation does not routinely obtain appraisals on performing loans to update LTV ratios after origination; however, the Corporation monitors the local housing markets by reviewing the various home price indices and incorporates the impact of the changing market conditions in its ongoing credit monitoring process. For junior lien home equity loans, the Corporation is unable to track the performance of the first lien loan if it does not own or service the first lien loan. However, the Corporation obtains a refreshed FICO score on a quarterly basis and monitors this as part of its assessment of the home equity portfolio.
The Corporation’s underwriting and risk-based pricing guidelines for home equity lines of credit and loans consist of a combination of both borrower FICO score and the original cumulative LTV against the property securing the loan. Currently, the Corporation's policy sets the maximum acceptable LTV at 90%. The Corporation's current home equity line of credit offering is priced based on floating rate indices and generally allows 10 years of interest-only payments followed by a 20-year amortization of the outstanding balance. The loans in the Corporation's portfolio generally have an original term of 20 years with principal and interest payments required.
Indirect Auto: The Corporation currently purchases retail auto sales contracts via a network of approved auto dealerships across 14 states throughout the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwestern United States. The auto dealerships finance the sale of automobiles as the initial lender and then assign the contracts to the Corporation pursuant to dealer agreements. The Corporation’s underwriting and pricing guidelines are based on a dual risk grade derived from a combination of FICO auto score and proprietary internal custom score. Minimum grade and FICO score standards ensure the credit risk is appropriately managed to the Corporation’s risk appetite. Further, the grade influences loan-specific parameters such as vehicle age, term, LTV, loan amount, mileage, payment and debt service thresholds, and pricing. Maximum loan terms offered are 84 months on select grades with vehicle age, mileage, and other limitations in place to qualify. The program is designed to capture primarily prime and super prime contracts. Over time, the Corporation expects roughly 60% of originations to be secured by used vehicles.
Other consumer: Other consumer consists of student loans, short-term personal installment loans, and credit cards. The Corporation had $67 million and $76 million of student loans at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, the majority of which are government guaranteed. Federally guaranteed student loan payments resumed in October 2023 after over three years of payment moratoriums that began as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Corporation is not originating new student loans and the student loan portfolio is in run-off. Credit risk for non-government guaranteed student loans, short-term personal installment loans, and credit cards is influenced by general economic conditions, the characteristics of individual borrowers, and the nature of the loan collateral. Risks of loss are generally on smaller average balances per loan spread over many borrowers. Once charged off, there is usually less opportunity for recovery of these smaller consumer loans. Credit risk is primarily controlled by reviewing the creditworthiness of the borrowers, monitoring payment histories, and taking appropriate collateral and guarantee positions.

58

Nonperforming Assets
Management is committed to a proactive nonaccrual and problem loan identification philosophy. This philosophy is implemented through the ongoing monitoring and review of all pools of risk in the loan portfolio to ensure that problem loans are identified quickly and the risk of loss is minimized. Table 10 provides detailed information regarding NPAs, which include nonaccrual loans, OREO, and repossessed assets:
Table 10 Nonperforming Assets
 ($ in thousands) Sep 30,
2023
Jun 30,
2023
Mar 31,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Sep 30,
2022
Nonperforming assets
Commercial and industrial $ 74,812  $ 34,907  $ 22,735  $ 14,329  $ 15,576 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 3,936  1,444  1,478  —  — 
Commercial and business lending 78,748  36,352  24,213  14,329  15,576 
Commercial real estate — investor 10,882  22,068  25,122  29,380  37,479 
Real estate construction 103  125  178  105  141 
Commercial real estate lending 10,985  22,193  25,300  29,485  37,620 
Total commercial 89,732  58,544  49,513  43,814  53,196 
Residential mortgage 66,153  61,718  58,274  58,480  55,485 
Auto finance 4,533  3,065  2,436  1,490  302 
Home equity 7,917  7,788  7,246  7,487  7,325 
Other consumer 222  163  100  197  98 
Total consumer 78,826  72,733  68,056  67,654  63,210 
Total nonaccrual loans 168,558  131,278  117,569  111,467  116,406 
Commercial real estate owned 1,062  1,062  3,071  325  325 
Residential real estate owned 989  870  2,987  2,878  2,560 
Bank properties real estate owned(a)
6,400  5,643  9,125  11,580  13,487 
OREO 8,452  7,575  15,184  14,784  16,373 
Repossessed assets 658  348  92  215  299 
Total nonperforming assets $ 177,668  $ 139,201  $ 132,845  $ 126,466  $ 133,078 
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
Commercial $ 441  $ 366  $ 323  $ 282  $ 121 
Consumer 1,715  1,360  1,380  1,446  1,297 
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more $ 2,156  $ 1,726  $ 1,703  $ 1,728  $ 1,417 
Restructured loans (accruing)(b)
Commercial $ 234  $ 168  $ 47  $ 13,093  $ 16,097 
Consumer 1,855  1,271  716  19,775  19,036 
Total restructured loans (accruing) $ 2,089  $ 1,439  $ 763  $ 32,868  $ 35,132 
Nonaccrual restructured loans (included in nonaccrual loans)(b)
$ 961  $ 796  $ 341  $ 20,127  $ 21,650 
Ratios
Nonaccrual loans to total loans 0.56  % 0.44  % 0.40  % 0.39  % 0.42  %
NPAs to total loans plus OREO and repossessed assets 0.59  % 0.47  % 0.45  % 0.44  % 0.48  %
NPAs to total assets 0.43  % 0.34  % 0.33  % 0.32  % 0.35  %
Allowance for credit losses on loans to nonaccrual loans 225.78  % 287.20  % 311.48  % 315.34  % 285.79  %
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Table 10 Nonperforming Assets (continued)
 ($ in thousands) Sep 30,
2023
Jun 30,
2023
Mar 31,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Sep 30,
2022
Accruing loans 30-89 days past due
Commercial and industrial $ 1,507  $ 12,005  $ 4,239  $ 6,283  $ 1,861 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 1,877  1,484  2,955  230  — 
Commercial and business lending 3,384  13,489  7,195  6,512  1,861 
Commercial real estate — investor 10,121  —  —  1,067  — 
Real estate construction 10  76  —  39  43 
Commercial real estate lending 10,131  76  —  1,105  43 
Total commercial 13,515  13,565  7,195  7,618  1,904 
Residential mortgage 11,652  8,961  7,626  9,874  6,517 
Auto finance 16,688  11,429  8,640  9,408  6,206 
Home equity 3,687  4,030  4,113  5,607  4,234 
Other consumer 1,880  2,025  1,723  1,610  1,592 
Total consumer 33,908  26,444  22,102  26,499  18,549 
Total accruing loans 30-89 days past due $ 47,422  $ 40,008  $ 29,297  $ 34,117  $ 20,452 
Potential problem loans
Commercial and industrial $ 207,237  $ 205,228  $ 135,047  $ 136,549  $ 108,556 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 27,792  29,396  32,077  34,422  28,287 
Commercial and business lending 235,029  234,624  167,124  170,971  136,843 
Commercial real estate — investor 148,840  106,662  89,653  92,535  117,982 
Real estate construction —  —  —  970  — 
Commercial real estate lending 148,840  106,662  89,653  93,505  117,982 
Total commercial 383,869  341,286  256,776  264,476  254,825 
Residential mortgage 1,247  1,646  1,684  1,978  2,845 
Home equity 236  240  244  197  185 
Total consumer 1,483  1,886  1,928  2,175  3,030 
Total potential problem loans $ 385,352  $ 343,173  $ 258,704  $ 266,651  $ 257,855 
(a) Primarily closed branches and other bank operated real estate facilities, pending disposition.
(b) On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02. Under this update, TDRs were eliminated and replaced with a modified loan classification. As a result, amounts reported for March 31, 2023 and forward will not be comparable to prior period reported amounts.
Nonaccrual loans: Nonaccrual loans are considered to be one indicator of potential future loan losses. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional nonaccrual loan disclosures. See also sections Credit Risk and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more: Loans past due 90 days or more but still accruing interest are classified as such where the underlying loans are both well secured (the collateral value is sufficient to cover principal and accrued interest) and are in the process of collection.
Restructured loans: Loans are considered restructured loans if concessions have been granted to borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty. On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02 prospectively. As a result, loans that were restructured prior to adoption are no longer considered TDRs, and loans restructured since January 1, 2023 are considered restructured. As a result, periods prior to 2023 are no longer comparable. See also Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional restructured loans disclosures.
Potential problem loans: The level of potential problem loans is another predominant factor in determining the relative level of risk in the loan portfolio and in determining the appropriate level of the ACLL. Potential problem loans are generally defined by management to include loans rated as substandard by management that are collectively evaluated; however, there are circumstances present to create doubt as to the ability of the borrower to comply with present repayment terms. The decision of management to include performing loans in potential problem loans does not necessarily mean that the Corporation expects losses to occur, but that management recognizes a higher degree of risk associated with these loans.
OREO: Management actively seeks to ensure OREO properties held are monitored to minimize the Corporation’s risk of loss.
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Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
Credit risks within the loan portfolio are inherently different for each loan type. Credit risk is controlled and monitored through the use of lending standards, a thorough review of potential borrowers, and ongoing review of loan payment performance. Active asset quality administration, including early problem loan identification and timely resolution of problems, aids in the management of credit risk and the minimization of loan losses. Credit risk management for each loan type is discussed in the section entitled Credit Risk. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures on the ACLL.
To assess the appropriateness of the ACLL, the Corporation focuses on the evaluation of many factors, including but not limited to: evaluation of facts and issues related to specific loans, management’s ongoing review and grading of the loan portfolio, credit report refreshes, consideration of historical loan loss and delinquency experience on each portfolio category, trends in past due and nonaccrual loans, the level of potential problem loans, the risk characteristics of the various classifications of loan segments, changes in the size and character of the loan portfolio, concentrations of loans to specific borrowers or industries, existing economic conditions and economic forecasts, the fair value of underlying collateral, funding assumptions on lines, and other qualitative and quantitative factors which could affect potential credit losses. The forecast the Corporation used for September 30, 2023 was the Moody's baseline scenario from August 2023, which was reviewed against the September 2023 baseline scenario with no material updates made, over a 2 year reasonable and supportable period with straight-line reversion to historical losses over the second year of the period. Assessing these factors involves significant judgment. Because each of the criteria used is subject to change, the ACLL is not necessarily indicative of the trend of future credit losses on loans in any particular segment. Therefore, management considers the ACLL a critical accounting estimate, see section Critical Accounting Estimates for additional information on the ACLL. See section Nonperforming Assets for a detailed discussion on asset quality. See also Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional ACLL disclosures. Table 5 provides information on loan growth and period end loan composition, Table 10 provides additional information regarding NPAs, and Table 11 and Table 12 provide additional information regarding activity in the ACLL.
The loan segmentation used in calculating the ACLL at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was generally comparable. The methodology to calculate the ACLL consists of the following components: a valuation allowance estimate is established for commercial and consumer loans determined by the Corporation to be individually evaluated, using discounted cash flows, estimated fair value of underlying collateral, and/or other data available. Loans are segmented for criticized loan pools by loan type as well as for non-criticized loan pools by loan type, primarily based on risk rating rates after considering loan type, historical loss and delinquency experience, credit quality, and industry classifications. Loans that have been criticized are considered to have a higher risk of default than non-criticized loans, as circumstances were present to support the lower loan grade, warranting higher loss factors. Additionally, management allocates ACLL to absorb losses that may not be provided for by the other components due to qualitative factors evaluated by management, such as limitations within the credit risk grading process, known current economic or business conditions that may not yet show in trends, industry or other concentrations with current issues that impose higher inherent risks than are reflected in the loss factors, and other relevant considerations. The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any segment of the loan portfolio.

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Table 11 Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
YTD Quarter Ended
($ in thousands) Sep 30,
2023
Sep 30,
2022
Sep 30,
2023
Jun 30,
2023
Mar 31,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Sep 30,
2022
Allowance for loan losses
Balance at beginning of period $ 312,720  $ 280,015  $ 338,750  $ 326,432  $ 312,720  $ 292,904  $ 280,771 
Provision for loan losses 66,000  13,000  25,500  23,500  17,000  21,000  14,000 
Charge offs (40,891) (7,165) (20,535) (14,855) (5,501) (2,982) (3,346)
Recoveries 7,965  7,054  2,079  3,674  2,212  1,798  1,478 
Net (charge offs) recoveries (32,925) (111) (18,455) (11,181) (3,289) (1,183) (1,867)
Balance at end of period $ 345,795  $ 292,904  $ 345,795  $ 338,750  $ 326,432  $ 312,720  $ 292,904 
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Balance at beginning of period $ 38,776  $ 39,776  $ 38,276  $ 39,776  $ 38,776  $ 39,776  $ 36,776 
Provision for unfunded commitments (4,000) —  (3,500) (1,500) 1,000  (1,000) 3,000 
Balance at end of period $ 34,776  $ 39,776  $ 34,776  $ 38,276  $ 39,776  $ 38,776  $ 39,776 
Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 380,571  $ 332,680  $ 380,571  $ 377,027  $ 366,208  $ 351,496  $ 332,680 
Provision for credit losses on loans 62,000  13,000  22,000  22,000  18,000  20,000  17,000 
Net loan (charge offs) recoveries
Commercial and industrial (29,494) 512  (16,558) (11,177) (1,759) 278  (897)
Commercial real estate — owner occupied 10 
Commercial and business lending (29,487) 523  (16,556) (11,174) (1,756) 281  (894)
Commercial real estate — investor 2,547  —  272  2,276  —  —  — 
Real estate construction 18  43  18  (18) 18  16 
Commercial real estate lending 2,565  43  290  2,257  18  16 
Total commercial (26,921) 565  (16,266) (8,917) (1,738) 297  (885)
Residential mortgage (358) 465  (22) (283) (53) (125) (42)
Auto finance (3,273) (175) (1,269) (1,048) (957) (768) (165)
Home equity 652  675  128  183  340  123  (101)
Other consumer (3,025) (1,642) (1,027) (1,117) (881) (711) (675)
Total consumer (6,004) (676) (2,189) (2,264) (1,550) (1,480) (983)
Total net (charge offs) recoveries $ (32,925) $ (111) $ (18,455) $ (11,181) $ (3,289) $ (1,183) $ (1,867)
Ratios
Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans 1.26  % 1.26  % 1.25  % 1.22  % 1.20  %
Allowance for credit losses on loans to net charge offs (annualized) 8.6x N/M 5.2x 8.4x 27.5x 74.9x 44.9x
Loan evaluation method for ACLL
Individually evaluated for impairment $ 11,033  $ 12,268  $ 11,585  $ 10,324  $ 15,739 
Collectively evaluated for impairment 369,538  364,759  354,623  341,172  316,942 
     Total ACLL $ 380,571  $ 377,027  $ 366,208  $ 351,496  $ 332,680 
Loan balance
Individually evaluated for impairment $ 86,195  $ 58,109  $ 48,934  $ 76,577  $ 87,712 
Collectively evaluated for impairment 30,106,993  29,790,795  29,158,138  28,722,992  27,729,568 
     Total loan balance $ 30,193,187  $ 29,848,904  $ 29,207,072  $ 28,799,569  $ 27,817,280 
N/M = Not Meaningful
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Table 12 Annualized Net (Charge Offs) Recoveries(a)
YTD Quarter Ended
(In basis points) Sep 30,
2023
Sep 30,
2022
Sep 30,
2023
Jun 30,
2023
Mar 31,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Sep 30,
2022
Net loan (charge offs) recoveries
Commercial and industrial (40) (66) (46) (7) (4)
Commercial real estate — owner occupied —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Commercial and business lending (36) (60) (41) (7) (3)
Commercial real estate — investor —  18  —  —  — 
Real estate construction —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Commercial real estate lending —  12  —  —  — 
Total commercial (20) —  (35) (20) (4) (2)
Residential mortgage (1) —  (1) —  (1) — 
Auto finance (26) (4) (27) (25) (26) (24) (7)
Home equity 14  15  12  22  (7)
Other consumer (145) (74) (148) (163) (125) (95) (89)
Total consumer (7) (1) (7) (8) (6) (6) (4)
Total net (charge offs) recoveries (15) —  (25) (15) (5) (2) (3)
(a) Annualized ratio of net charge offs to average loans by loan type.
Notable Contributions to the Change in the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
•Total loans increased $1.4 billion, or 5%, from December 31, 2022, and increased $2.4 billion, or 9%, from September 30, 2022. The increase from September 30, 2022 was driven by growth across nearly all major loan portfolios resulting from the Corporation's strategic initiatives. See also Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on loans.
•Potential problem loans increased $119 million, or 45%, from December 31, 2022, and increased $127 million, or 49%, from September 30, 2022. The increases from both December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022 were primarily driven by increases in potential problem loans within commercial and industrial and CRE-investor lending. See Table 10 for additional information regarding potential problem loans.
•Total nonaccrual loans increased $57 million, or 51%, from December 31, 2022, and increased $52 million, or 45%, from September 30, 2022. The increases from both December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022 were primarily due to increases in nonaccrual loans within commercial and industrial lending and residential mortgage lending, partially offset by decreases within CRE-investor lending. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements and Table 10 for additional disclosures on the changes in asset quality.
•YTD net charge offs increased $33 million from September 30, 2022, primarily driven by an increase in net charge offs within commercial and industrial lending. See Table 11 and Table 12 for additional information on the activity in the ACLL.
Management believes the level of ACLL to be appropriate at September 30, 2023.
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Deposits and Customer Funding
The following table summarizes the composition of our deposits and customer funding:
Table 13 Period End Deposit and Customer Funding Composition
Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022
 ($ in thousands) Amount % of
Total
Amount % of
Total
Amount % of
Total
Amount % of
Total
Amount % of
Total
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 6,422,994  20  % $ 6,565,666  21  % $ 7,328,689  24  % $ 7,760,811  26  % $ 8,224,579  28  %
Savings 4,836,735  15  % 4,777,415  15  % 4,730,472  16  % 4,604,848  16  % 4,708,720  16  %
Interest-bearing demand 7,528,154  23  % 7,037,959  22  % 6,977,121  23  % 7,100,727  24  % 7,122,218  24  %
Money market 7,268,506  23  % 7,521,930  23  % 8,357,625  28  % 8,239,610  28  % 7,909,232  27  %
Brokered CDs 3,351,399  10  % 3,818,325  12  % 1,185,565  % 541,916  % —  —  %
Other time deposits 2,715,538  % 2,293,114  % 1,752,351  % 1,388,242  % 1,233,833  %
   Total deposits $ 32,123,326  100  % $ 32,014,409  100  % $ 30,331,824  100  % $ 29,636,154  100  % $ 29,198,581  100  %
Other customer funding(a)
151,644  170,873  226,258  261,767  283,856 
Total deposits and other customer funding $ 32,274,971  $ 32,185,282  $ 30,558,081  $ 29,897,921  $ 29,482,437 
Network transaction deposits(b)
$ 1,649,389  $ 1,600,619  $ 1,273,420  $ 979,003  $ 864,086 
Net deposits and other customer funding(c)
27,274,183  26,766,338  28,099,096  28,377,001  28,618,351 
Time deposits of more than $250,000 533,853  465,446  345,169  282,206  222,318 
(a) Includes repurchase agreements and commercial paper.
(b) Included above in interest-bearing demand and money market.
(c) Total deposits and other customer funding, excluding brokered CDs and network transaction deposits.
•Total deposits, which are the Corporation's largest source of funds, increased $2.5 billion, or 8%, from December 31, 2022, and increased $2.9 billion, or 10%, from September 30, 2022, primarily due to increases in brokered CDs, other time deposits, and network transaction deposits, partially offset by a decrease in noninterest-bearing demand deposit accounts.
•Estimated uninsured and uncollateralized deposits, excluding intercompany deposits, were 22.4% of total deposits at September 30, 2023, compared to 26.4% at December 31, 2022 and 29.1% at September 30, 2022.
Liquidity
The objective of liquidity risk management is to ensure that the Corporation has the ability to generate sufficient cash or cash equivalents in a timely and cost effective manner to satisfy the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers and to meet its other commitments as they become due. The Corporation’s liquidity risk management process is designed to identify, measure, and manage the Corporation’s funding and liquidity risk to meet its daily funding needs in the ordinary course of business, as well as to address expected and unexpected changes in its funding requirements. The Corporation engages in various activities to manage its liquidity risk, including diversifying its funding sources, stress testing, and holding readily-marketable assets which can be used as a source of liquidity, if needed.
The Corporation performs dynamic scenario analysis in accordance with industry best practices. Measures have been established to ensure the Corporation has sufficient high quality short-term liquidity to meet cash flow requirements under stressed scenarios. In addition, the Corporation also reviews static measures such as deposit funding as a percentage of total assets and liquid asset levels. Strong capital ratios, credit quality, and core earnings are also essential to maintaining cost effective access to wholesale funding markets. At September 30, 2023, the Corporation was in compliance with its internal liquidity objectives and had sufficient asset-based liquidity to meet its obligations even under a stressed scenario.
The Corporation maintains diverse and readily available liquidity sources, including:
•Lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB, which require eligible loan and investment collateral to be pledged. Based on the amount of collateral pledged, the FHLB established a collateral value from which the Bank may draw advances, and issue letters of credit in favor of public fund depositors, against the collateral. As of September 30, 2023, the Bank had $5.4 billion available for future funding. The Federal Reserve Bank also establishes a collateral value of assets to support borrowings from the discount window. As of September 30, 2023, the Bank had $1.3 billion available for discount window borrowings.
•The BTFP, against which the Corporation can borrow with qualifying investment securities as collateral, valued at par as permitted by the terms of the program. As of September 30, 2023, the Bank had up to $619 million available for borrowing under the BTFP.
64

•A $200 million Parent Company commercial paper program, of which there was none outstanding as of September 30, 2023.
•Dividends and service fees from subsidiaries, as well as the proceeds from issuance of capital, which are also funding sources for the Parent Company.
•Acquisition related equity issuances by the Parent Company; the Corporation has filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC under which the Parent Company may, from time to time, offer shares of the Corporation’s common stock in connection with acquisitions of businesses, assets, or securities of other companies.
•Other issuances by the Parent Company; the Corporation maintains on file with the SEC a universal shelf registration statement, under which the Parent Company may offer the following securities, either separately or in units: debt securities, preferred stock, depositary shares, common stock, and warrants.
•Bank issuances; the Bank may also issue institutional CDs, network transaction deposits, and brokered CDs.
•Global Bank Note Program issuances; the Bank has implemented a program pursuant to which it may from time to time offer up to $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of its unsecured senior and subordinated notes.
The following table presents secured and total available liquidity sources, estimated uninsured and uncollateralized deposits (excluding intercompany deposits), and coverage of estimated uninsured and uncollateralized deposits:
Table 14 Liquidity Sources and Uninsured Deposit Coverage Ratio
($ in thousands) September 30, 2023 June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023
Federal Reserve Bank balance $ 314,287  $ 178,983  $ 504,169 
Available FHLB Chicago capacity 5,377,628  5,148,360  3,453,813 
Available Federal Reserve Bank discount window capacity 1,335,938  1,635,140  1,799,453 
Available BTFP capacity 618,829  633,817  644,915 
     Funding available within one business day(a)
7,646,682  7,596,300  6,402,351 
Available federal funds lines 2,518,000  2,623,000  2,773,000 
Available brokered deposits capacity(b)
1,240,488  761,301  3,646,393 
Unsecured debt capacity(c)
1,000,000  1,000,000  1,000,000 
     Total available liquidity $ 12,405,170  $ 11,980,601  $ 13,821,744 
Uninsured and uncollateralized deposits $ 7,200,701  $ 6,674,744  $ 7,337,286 
Coverage ratio of uninsured and uncollateralized deposits with secured funding 106  % 114  % 87  %
Coverage ratio of uninsured and uncollateralized deposits with total funding 172  % 179  % 188  %
(a) Estimated based on normal course of operations with indicated institution.
(b) Availability based on internal policy limitations. The Corporation includes outstanding deposits that have received a primary purpose exemption in the brokered deposit classification as they have similar funding characteristics and risk as brokered deposits.
(c) Availability based on internal policy limitations.
Based on contractual obligations and ongoing operations, the Corporation's sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet present and future liquidity needs. See Table 17 for information about the Corporation's contractual obligations and other commitments. See section Deposits and Customer Funding for information about uninsured deposits and concentrations.
Credit ratings impact the Corporation's ability to issue debt securities and the cost to borrow money. Adverse changes in credit ratings impact not only the ability to raise funds in the capital markets but also the cost of these funds. For additional information regarding risks related to adverse changes in our credit ratings, see Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net cash provided by operating and financing activities was $378 million and $1.9 billion, respectively, while net cash used in investing activities was $2.2 billion, for a net increase in cash and cash equivalents of $91 million since year-end 2022. At September 30, 2023, assets of $41.6 billion increased $2.2 billion, or 6%, from year-end 2022, primarily due to loan growth and increases in AFS securities. On the funding side, deposits of $32.1 billion increased $2.5 billion, or 8%, from year-end 2022, FHLB advances decreased $587 million, or 14%, while other long-term funding increased $281 million, or 113%, the latter due to the issuance of subordinated debt.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash provided by operating and financing activities was $722 million and $2.7 billion, respectively, while net cash used in investing activities was $4.0 billion, for a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $523 million since year-end 2021. At September 30, 2022, assets of $38.0 billion increased $2.9 billion, or 8%, from year-end 2021, primarily due to loan growth. On the funding side, deposits of $29.2 billion increased $732 million, or 3%, from year-end 2021 and FHLB advances increased $2.2 billion, or 133%, to fund loan growth.
65

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk and interest rate risk are managed centrally. Market risk is the potential for loss arising from adverse changes in the fair value of fixed-income securities, equity securities, other earning assets, and derivative financial instruments as a result of changes in interest rates or other factors. Interest rate risk is the potential for reduced net interest income resulting from adverse changes in the level of interest rates. As a financial institution that engages in transactions involving an array of financial products, the Corporation is exposed to both market risk and interest rate risk. In addition to market risk, interest rate risk is measured and managed through a number of methods. The Corporation uses financial modeling simulation techniques that measure the sensitivity of future earnings due to changing rate environments to measure interest rate risk.
Policies established by the Corporation’s ALCO and approved by the Board of Directors are intended to limit these risks. The Board has delegated day-to-day responsibility for managing market and interest rate risk to ALCO. The primary objectives of market risk management are to minimize any adverse effect that changes in market risk factors may have on net interest income and to offset the risk of price changes for certain assets recorded at fair value.
Interest Rate Risk
The primary goal of interest rate risk management is to control exposure to interest rate risk within policy limits approved by the Board of Directors. These limits and guidelines reflect the Corporation's risk appetite for interest rate risk over both short-term and long-term horizons.
The major sources of the Corporation's non-trading interest rate risk are timing differences in the maturity and re-pricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, changes in the shape of the yield curve, and the potential exercise of explicit or embedded options. We measure these risks and their impact by identifying and quantifying exposures through the use of sophisticated simulation and valuation models which are employed by management to understand interest rate sensitive EAR and MVE at risk. The Corporation’s interest rate risk profile is such that, generally, a higher yield curve adds to income while a lower yield curve has a negative impact on earnings. The Corporation's EAR profile is asset sensitive at September 30, 2023.
For further discussion of the Corporation's interest rate risk and corresponding key assumptions, see the Interest Rate Risk section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The sensitivity analysis included below is measured as a percentage change in EAR due to gradual moves in benchmark interest rates from a baseline scenario over 12 months. We evaluate the sensitivity using: 1) a dynamic forecast incorporating expected growth in the balance sheet, and 2) a static forecast where the current balance sheet is held constant.
While a gradual shift in interest rates was used in this analysis to provide an estimate of exposure under a probable scenario, an instantaneous shift in interest rates would have a more significant impact. No EAR breaches occurred during the first nine months of 2023.
Table 15 Estimated % Change in Rate Sensitive Earnings at Risk Over 12 Months
Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
  Dynamic Forecast Static Forecast Dynamic Forecast Static Forecast
Gradual Rate Change
100 bp increase in interest rates 2.0  % 2.2  % 3.9  % 3.4  %
200 bp increase in interest rates 4.0  % 4.4  % 7.8  % 6.8  %
100 bp decrease in interest rates (0.6) % (0.9) % (3.4) % (2.9) %
200 bp decrease in interest rates (0.8) % (1.3) % (6.7) % (5.7) %
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At September 30, 2023, the MVE profile indicates a decrease in net balance sheet value due to instantaneous upward changes in rates and an increase in net balance sheet value due to instantaneous downward changes in rates.
Table 16 Market Value of Equity Sensitivity
Sep 30, 2023 Dec 31, 2022
Instantaneous Rate Change
100 bp increase in interest rates (9.1) % (4.2) %
200 bp increase in interest rates (18.0) % (8.2) %
100 bp decrease in interest rates 9.2  % 4.3  %
200 bp decrease in interest rates 17.8  % 8.0  %
Since MVE measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in MVE does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon (i.e., the current year). Further, MVE does not take into account factors such as future balance sheet growth, changes in product mix, changes in yield curve relationships, and changes in product spreads that could mitigate the adverse impact of changes in interest rates. The MVE measure in the 200 bp increase in interest rates scenario is outside of the policy limit, which has been reported to the Corporation's Board.
The above EAR and MVE measures do not include all actions that management may undertake to manage this risk in response to anticipated changes in interest rates.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, and Contingent Liabilities
The following table summarizes significant contractual obligations and other commitments at September 30, 2023, at those amounts contractually due to the recipient, including any unamortized premiums or discounts, hedge basis adjustments, or other similar carrying value adjustments.
Table 17 Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments
($ in thousands) Note Reference One Year
or Less
One to
Three Years
Three to
Five Years
Over
Five Years
Total
Time deposits $ 5,816,730  $ 228,851  $ 21,350  $ $ 6,066,937 
Short-term funding 8 451,644  —  —  —  451,644 
FHLB advances 8 2,545,633  990,845  195,009  1,554  3,733,041 
Other long-term funding 8 88  246,660  138  282,574  529,459 
Operating leases 16 5,614  9,230  7,117  4,099  26,059 
Total $ 8,819,709  $ 1,475,586  $ 223,613  $ 288,232  $ 10,807,141 
The Corporation also has obligations under its derivatives, lending-related commitments, and retirement plans as described in Note 9 Derivative and Hedging Activities, Note 11 Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Legal Proceedings, and Regulatory Matters, and Note 13 Retirement Plans of the notes to consolidated financial statements, respectively. Further discussion of the nature of each obligation is included in the referenced note to the consolidated financial statements.
Capital
Management actively reviews capital strategies for the Corporation and each of its subsidiaries in light of perceived business risks, future growth opportunities, industry standards, and compliance with regulatory requirements. The assessment of overall capital adequacy depends on a variety of factors, including asset quality, liquidity, stability of earnings, changing competitive forces, economic conditions in markets served, and strength of management. At September 30, 2023, the capital ratios of the Corporation and its banking subsidiaries were in excess of regulatory minimum requirements. The Corporation’s capital ratios are summarized in the following table.
Compliance with regulatory minimum capital requirements is a tool used in assessing the Corporation's capital adequacy, but not determinative of how the Corporation would fare under extreme stress. Factors that may affect the adequacy of the Corporation's capital include the inherent limitations of fair value estimates and the assumptions thereof, the inherent limitations of the regulatory risk-weights assigned to various asset types, the inherent limitations of accounting classifications of certain investments and the effect on their measurement, external macroeconomic conditions and their effects on capital and the Corporation's ability to raise capital or refinance capital commitments, and the extent of steps taken by state or federal government authorities in periods of extreme stress.
For additional information regarding the potential for additional regulation and supervision, see Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors in the Corporation's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.
67

Table 18 Capital Ratios
YTD Quarter Ended
 ($ in thousands)
Sep 30,
2023
Sep 30,
2022
Sep 30,
2023
Jun 30,
2023
Mar 31,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Sep 30,
2022
Risk-based Capital(a)
CET1 $ 3,197,445  $ 3,143,131  $ 3,085,618  $ 3,035,578  $ 2,955,710 
Tier 1 capital 3,391,557  3,337,243  3,279,730  3,229,690  3,149,822 
Total capital 4,103,998  4,051,096  3,990,606  3,680,227  3,582,099 
Total risk-weighted assets 33,497,484  33,146,137  32,648,115  32,472,008  31,405,843 
Modified CECL transitional amount 44,851  44,851  44,851  67,276  67,276 
CET1 capital ratio 9.55  % 9.48  % 9.45  % 9.35  % 9.41  %
Tier 1 capital ratio 10.12  % 10.07  % 10.05  % 9.95  % 10.03  %
Total capital ratio 12.25  % 12.22  % 12.22  % 11.33  % 11.41  %
Tier 1 leverage ratio 8.42  % 8.40  % 8.46  % 8.59  % 8.66  %
Selected Equity and Performance Ratios
Total stockholders’ equity / total assets 9.91  % 10.00  % 10.14  % 10.19  % 10.39  %
Dividend payout ratio(b)
35.80  % 36.14  % 39.62  % 37.50  % 31.34  % 30.00  % 32.26  %
Return on average assets 0.91  % 0.95  % 0.80  % 0.86  % 1.06  % 1.12  % 1.02  %
Annualized noninterest expense / average assets 1.90  % 2.04  % 1.90  % 1.89  % 1.92  % 2.03  % 2.08  %
(a) The Federal Reserve establishes regulatory capital requirements, including well-capitalized standards for the Corporation. The Corporation follows Basel III, subject to certain
    transition provisions. These regulatory capital measurements are used by management, regulators, investors, and analysts to assess, monitor, and compare the quality and
    composition of the Corporation's capital with the capital of other financial services companies.
(b) Ratio is based upon basic earnings per common share.
See Part II, Item 2, Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds, for information on the shares repurchased during the third quarter of 2023.
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Non-GAAP Measures
Table 19 Non-GAAP Measures
YTD Quarter Ended
($ in thousands) Sep 30,
2023
Sep 30,
2022
Sep 30,
2023
Jun 30,
2023
Mar 31,
2023
Dec 31,
2022
Sep 30,
2022
Selected equity and performance ratios(a)(b)(c)
Tangible common equity / tangible assets 6.88  % 6.94  % 7.03  % 6.97  % 7.06  %
Return on average equity 8.91  % 8.67  % 7.99  % 8.47  % 10.32  % 10.81  % 9.59  %
Return on average tangible common equity 13.07  % 12.96  % 11.67  % 12.38  % 15.26  % 16.15  % 14.32  %
Return on average CET1 11.41  % 11.60  % 10.08  % 10.88  % 13.38  % 14.04  % 12.69  %
Return on average tangible assets 0.95  % 1.00  % 0.84  % 0.90  % 1.11  % 1.18  % 1.08  %
Average stockholders' equity / average assets 10.16  % 11.00  % 10.06  % 10.18  % 10.26  % 10.40  % 10.69  %
Tangible common equity reconciliation(a)
Common equity $ 3,933,531  $ 3,928,762  $ 3,931,551  $ 3,821,378  $ 3,759,840 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net (1,147,666) (1,149,869) (1,152,072) (1,154,274) (1,156,477)
Tangible common equity $ 2,785,865  $ 2,778,893  $ 2,779,480  $ 2,667,104  $ 2,603,363 
Tangible assets reconciliation(a)
Total assets $ 41,637,381  $ 41,219,473  $ 40,702,519  $ 39,405,727  $ 38,049,607 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net (1,147,666) (1,149,869) (1,152,072) (1,154,274) (1,156,477)
Tangible assets $ 40,489,715  $ 40,069,604  $ 39,550,448  $ 38,251,453  $ 36,893,130 
Average tangible common equity and average CET1 reconciliation(a)
Common equity $ 3,913,850  $ 3,776,296  $ 3,937,940  $ 3,934,949  $ 3,867,890  $ 3,797,568  $ 3,791,396 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net (1,151,039) (1,159,982) (1,148,951) (1,151,039) (1,153,173) (1,155,408) (1,157,754)
Tangible common equity 2,762,811  2,616,314  2,788,989  2,783,910  2,714,716  2,642,160  2,633,642 
Modified CECL transitional amount 44,851  67,276  44,851  44,851  44,851  67,276  67,276 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 270,989  147,258  302,043  251,624  258,827  254,178  189,935 
Deferred tax assets, net 27,853  36,085  27,694  27,714  28,157  29,248  29,875 
Average CET1 $ 3,106,504  $ 2,866,934  $ 3,163,577  $ 3,108,099  $ 3,046,551  $ 2,992,862  $ 2,920,729 
Average tangible assets reconciliation(a)
Total assets $ 40,419,166  $ 36,075,770  $ 41,075,980  $ 40,558,311  $ 39,607,065  $ 38,385,436  $ 37,271,779 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net (1,151,039) (1,159,982) (1,148,951) (1,151,039) (1,153,173) (1,155,408) (1,157,754)
Tangible assets $ 39,268,127  $ 34,915,788  $ 39,927,029  $ 39,407,273  $ 38,453,892  $ 37,230,028  $ 36,114,025 
Adjusted net income reconciliation(b)
Net income $ 273,762  $ 257,360  $ 83,248  $ 87,154  $ 103,360  $ 108,762  $ 96,275 
Other intangible amortization, net of tax 4,956  4,956  1,652  1,652  1,652  1,652  1,652 
Adjusted net income $ 278,718  $ 262,316  $ 84,900  $ 88,806  $ 105,012  $ 110,414  $ 97,927 
Adjusted net income available to common equity reconciliation(b)
Net income available to common equity $ 265,137  $ 248,735  $ 80,373  $ 84,279  $ 100,485  $ 105,887  $ 93,400 
Other intangible amortization, net of tax 4,956  4,956  1,652  1,652  1,652  1,652  1,652 
Adjusted net income available to common equity $ 270,093  $ 253,691  $ 82,025  $ 85,931  $ 102,137  $ 107,539  $ 95,052 
Core customer deposit reconciliation
Total deposits $ 32,123,326  $ 32,014,409  $ 30,331,824  $ 29,636,154  $ 29,198,581 
Network transaction deposits (1,649,389) (1,600,619) (1,273,420) (979,003) (864,086)
Brokered CDs (3,351,399) (3,818,325) (1,185,565) (541,916) — 
     Core customer deposits $ 27,122,539  $ 26,595,465  $ 27,872,839  $ 28,115,235  $ 28,334,495 
Efficiency ratio reconciliation(d)
Federal Reserve efficiency ratio 58.17  % 62.32  % 60.06  % 58.49  % 56.07  % 55.47  % 60.32  %
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment (0.84) % (0.98) % (0.89) % (0.85) % (0.79) % (0.77) % (0.87) %
Other intangible amortization (0.67) % (0.75) % (0.69) % (0.68) % (0.66) % (0.62) % (0.67) %
Fully tax-equivalent efficiency ratio 56.67  % 60.60  % 58.50  % 56.96  % 54.64  % 54.08  % 58.79  %
(a) Tangible common equity and tangible assets exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, net.
(b) Adjusted net income and adjusted net income available to common equity, which are used in the calculation of return on average tangible assets and return on average tangible common equity, respectively, add back other intangible amortization, net of tax.
(c) These capital measurements are used by management, regulators, investors, and analysts to assess, monitor, and compare the quality and composition of our capital with the capital of other financial services companies.
(d) The efficiency ratio as defined by the Federal Reserve guidance is noninterest expense (which includes the provision for unfunded commitments) divided by the sum of net interest income plus noninterest income, excluding investment securities gains (losses), net. The fully tax-equivalent efficiency ratio is noninterest expense (which includes the provision for unfunded commitments), excluding other intangible amortization, divided by the sum of fully tax-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income, excluding investment securities gains (losses), net.
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Sequential Quarter Results
The Corporation reported net income of $83 million for the third quarter of 2023, compared to net income of $87 million for the second quarter of 2023. Net income available to common equity was $80 million for the third quarter of 2023, or $0.53 for both basic and diluted earnings per common share. Comparatively, net income available to common equity for the second quarter of 2023 was $84 million, or $0.56 for both basic and diluted earnings per common share (see Table 1).
Fully tax-equivalent net interest income for the third quarter of 2023 was $259 million, $4 million, or 1%, lower than the second quarter of 2023. The net interest margin in the third quarter of 2023 was down 9 bp to 2.71%. The decreases in net interest income and net interest margin were due to increased interest-bearing liability costs. Average earning assets increased $507 million, or 1%, to $38.1 billion in the third quarter of 2023. Average loans increased $446 million, or 2%, driven by growth across all loan categories. On the funding side, average total interest-bearing deposits increased $1.1 billion, or 4%, due to increases in time deposits, interest-bearing demand, network transaction deposits, and savings, partially offset by a decrease in money market. Average FHLB advances decreased $335 million, or 9%, due to deposit growth during the quarter (see Table 2).
The provision for credit losses was $22 million for both the third quarter and second quarter of 2023 (see Table 11). See discussion under sections: Provision for Credit Losses, Nonperforming Assets, and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.
Noninterest income for the third quarter of 2023 was $67 million, up $1 million, or 2%, from the second quarter of 2023 (see Table 3).
Noninterest expense for the third quarter of 2023 was $196 million, up $6 million, or 3%, from the second quarter of 2023, driven primarily by increases in personnel and technology expenses (see Table 4).
For the third quarter of 2023, the Corporation recognized income tax expense of $19 million, compared to income tax expense of $24 million for the second quarter of 2023. See Income Taxes section for a detailed discussion on income taxes.
Comparable Quarter Results
The Corporation reported net income of $83 million for the third quarter of 2023 compared to net income of $96 million for the third quarter of 2022. Net income available to common equity was $80 million for the third quarter of 2023, or $0.53 for both basic and diluted earnings per common share. Comparatively, net income available to common equity for the third quarter of 2022 was $93 million, or $0.62 for both basic and diluted earnings per share (see Table 1).
Fully tax-equivalent net interest income for the third quarter of 2023 was $259 million, $10 million, or 4%, lower than the third quarter of 2022. The net interest margin between the comparable quarters was down 42 bp, to 2.71% in the third quarter of 2023. The decreases in net interest income and net interest margin were due to interest-bearing liability costs rising at a faster rate of growth than earning asset revenues as a result of deposit funding pressures. Average earning assets increased $3.9 billion, or 11%, to $38.1 billion in the third quarter of 2023, as average loans increased $2.8 billion, or 10%, driven by growth across nearly all loan categories, and investments and other increased $1.0 billion, or 15%. On the funding side, average interest-bearing deposits increased $4.9 billion, or 24%, from the third quarter of 2022, due to increases in time deposits, network transaction deposits, interest-bearing demand, and savings, partially offset by a decrease in money market. Average short and long-term funding increased $388 million, or 10% (see Table 2), primarily driven by the issuance of subordinated debt in the first quarter of 2023.
The provision for credit losses was $22 million for the third quarter of 2023, compared to a provision of $17 million for the third quarter of 2022 (see Table 11). See discussion under sections: Provision for Credit Losses, Nonperforming Assets, and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.
Noninterest income for the third quarter of 2023 was $67 million, down $4 million, or 6%, compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to lower investment securities gains (losses), net; capital markets, net; and service charges and deposit account fees; partially offset by higher mortgage banking, net income. (see Table 3).
Noninterest expense was effectively flat at $196 million for both the third quarters of 2023 and 2022 (see Table 4).
The Corporation recognized income tax expense of $19 million for the third quarter of 2023, compared to an income tax expense of $26 million for the third quarter of 2022. See section Income Taxes for a detailed discussion on income taxes.
70

Segment Review
As discussed in Note 14 Segment Reporting of the notes to consolidated financial statements, the Corporation’s reportable segments have been determined based upon its internal profitability reporting system, which is organized by strategic business unit. Certain strategic business units have been combined for segment information reporting purposes where the nature of the products and services, the type of customer, and the distribution of those products and services are similar. The reportable segments are Corporate and Commercial Specialty; Community, Consumer and Business; and Risk Management and Shared Services.
Table 20 Selected Segment Financial Data
Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 % Change 2023 2022 % Change
Corporate and Commercial Specialty
Total revenue $ 177,771  $ 156,688  13% $ 520,908  $ 438,862  19%
Provision for credit losses 14,066  11,904  18% 41,523  36,803  13%
Noninterest expense 63,207  58,934  7% 186,351  172,141  8%
Income tax expense 19,304  15,967  21% 54,138  42,248  28%
Net income 81,194  69,884  16% 238,897  187,670  27%
Average earning assets 17,623,106  16,123,187  9% 17,393,044  15,213,821  14%
Average loans 17,615,560  16,118,417  9% 17,379,628  15,210,316  14%
Average deposits 8,828,634  9,256,598  (5)% 9,101,585  9,139,639  —%
Average allocated capital (Average CET1)(a)
1,719,300  1,606,052  7% 1,712,290  1,514,786  13%
Return on average allocated capital(a)
18.74  % 17.26  % 148 bp 18.65  % 16.56  % N/M
Community, Consumer, and Business
Total revenue $ 220,714  $ 163,338  35% $ 623,584  $ 424,679  47%
Provision for credit losses 7,381  5,378  37% 21,467  14,958  44%
Noninterest expense 108,185  107,860  —% 328,960  311,423  6%
Income tax expense 22,187  10,521  111% 57,469  20,642  178%
Net income 82,961  39,579  110% 215,688  77,655  178%
Average earning assets 11,737,319  10,416,253  13% 11,496,144  9,796,760  17%
Average loans 11,737,319  10,416,253  13% 11,496,144  9,796,760  17%
Average deposits 18,224,072  18,636,223  (2)% 18,137,460  18,532,576  (2)%
Average allocated capital (Average CET1)(a)
750,457  640,571  17% 731,486  583,265  25%
Return on average allocated capital(a)
43.86  % 24.51  % N/M 39.42  % 17.80  % N/M
Risk Management and Shared Services
Total revenue $ (77,663) $ 15,201  N/M $ (164,126) $ 25,505  N/M
Provision for credit losses 496  (283) N/M (975) (38,756) (97)%
Noninterest expense 24,814  28,997  (14)% 58,980  66,940  (12)%
Income tax expense (benefit) (22,065) (325) N/M (41,308) 5,286  N/M
Net (loss) (80,907) (13,189) N/M (180,823) (7,965) N/M
Average earning assets 8,715,183  7,659,334  14% 8,524,759  7,930,511  7%
Average loans 531,731  521,033  2% 517,609  520,961  (1)%
Average deposits 4,949,087  981,535  N/M 3,818,115  892,773  N/M
Average allocated capital (Average CET1)(a)
693,819  674,106  3% 662,728  768,883  (14)%
Return on average allocated capital(a)
(47.91) % (9.45) % N/M (38.22) % (2.88) % N/M
Consolidated Total
Total revenue $ 320,823  $ 335,227  (4)% $ 980,366  $ 889,045  10%
Return on average allocated capital(a)
10.08  % 12.69  % N/M 11.41  % 11.60  % -19 bp
N//M = Not meaningful
(a) The Federal Reserve establishes capital adequacy requirements for the Corporation, including CET1. For segment reporting purposes, the ROCET1 reflects return on average allocated CET1. The ROCET1 for the Risk Management and Shared Services segment and the Consolidated Total is inclusive of the annualized effect of the preferred stock
dividends.
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Notable Changes in Segment Financial Data
The Corporate and Commercial Specialty segment consists of lending and deposit solutions to larger businesses, developers, not-for-profits, municipalities, and financial institutions, and the support to deliver, fund, and manage such banking solutions. In addition, this segment provides a variety of investment, fiduciary, and retirement planning products and services to individuals and small to mid-sized businesses.
•Total revenue increased $82 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and increased $21 million from the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily attributable to higher loan volumes and interest rates driving net interest income higher.
•Noninterest expense increased $14 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and increased $4 million from the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to higher personnel costs and allocated corporate overhead.
•Average loans increased $2.2 billion from the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and increased $1.5 billion from the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by growth in commercial and business lending and CRE lending.
•Average deposits decreased $428 million from the three months ended September 30, 2022, driven by decreases in noninterest-bearing demand deposits and money market deposits, partially offset by an increase in interest-bearing demand deposits.
The Community, Consumer, and Business segment consists of lending and deposit solutions to individuals and small to mid-sized businesses.
•Total revenue increased $199 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and increased $57 million from the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily attributable to receiving net FTP credit for providing funding for the Corporation and higher interest rates.
•Noninterest expense increased $18 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2022, driven by higher allocated corporate overhead and increased technology expense, as the Corporation continues to invest in digital investments tied to its strategic initiatives.
•Average loans increased $1.7 billion from the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and increased $1.3 billion from the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by growth in auto finance lending and residential mortgage lending.
•Average deposits decreased $395 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and decreased $412 million from the three months ended September 30, 2022, driven by decreases in noninterest bearing demand deposits and money market deposits, partially offset by an increase in time deposits.
The Risk Management and Shared Services segment includes key shared Corporate functions, Parent Company activity, intersegment eliminations, and residual revenues and expenses.
•Total revenue decreased $190 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and decreased $93 million from the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by increased interest expense as a result of holding more brokered CDs and other short term funding.
•Provision for credit losses increased $38 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2022, driven by loan growth, nominal credit movement, and general macroeconomic trends.
•Average earning assets increased $594 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and increased $1.1 billion from the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by higher balances of AFS investment securities in the portfolio.
•Average deposits increased $2.9 billion from the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and increased $4.0 billion from the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by increases in brokered CDs and network deposits.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. The determination of the ACLL is particularly susceptible to significant change. A discussion of these estimates can be found in the Critical Accounting Estimates section in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no changes in the Corporation's application of critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2022.
Recent Developments
On October 24, 2023, the Corporation’s Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.22 per common share, payable on December 15, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on December 1, 2023. This is an increase of $0.01 from the previous quarterly dividend of $0.21 per common share. The Board of Directors also declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.3671875 per depositary share on Associated's 5.875% Series E Perpetual Preferred Stock, payable on December 15, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on December 1, 2023. The Board of Directors also declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.3515625 per depositary share on Associated's 5.625% Series F Perpetual Preferred Stock, payable on December 15, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on December 1, 2023.
ITEM 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Information required by this item is set forth in Item 2 under the captions Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk and Interest Rate Risk.
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ITEM 4.     Controls and Procedures
The Corporation maintains disclosure controls and procedures as required under Rule 13a-15 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Corporation's Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Corporation’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of September 30, 2023, the Corporation’s management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.
No changes were made to the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act of 1934) during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
The information required by this item is set forth in Part I, Item 1 under Note 11 Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Legal Proceedings, and Regulatory Matters of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in the Risk Factors described in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K other than as set out in the Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, in Item 1A of Part II.
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the third quarter of 2023, the Corporation repurchased approximately $261,000 of common stock, all of which were repurchases related to tax withholding on equity compensation with no open market purchases during the quarter. The repurchase details are presented in the table below:
Common Stock Purchases
Total Number  of
Shares Purchased(a)
Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
Maximum Number of
Shares that May Yet
Be Purchased Under
the Plans
or Programs(b)
Period
July 1, 2023 - July 31, 2023 6,763  $ 18.17  —  — 
August 1, 2023 - August 31, 2023 7,163  18.47  —  — 
September 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023 356  17.66  —  — 
Total 14,282  $ 18.31  —  4,654,934 
(a) During the third quarter of 2023, all common shares repurchased were for minimum tax withholding settlements on equity compensation. These purchases do not count against the maximum value of shares remaining available for purchase under the Board of Directors' authorization.
(b) At September 30, 2023, there remained $80 million authorized to be repurchased under the Board of Directors' 2021 authorization. The maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under this authorization is based on the closing share price on September 30, 2023.
Repurchases under Board authorized repurchase programs are subject to any necessary regulatory approvals and other limitations and may occur from time to time in open market purchases, block transactions, private transactions, accelerated share repurchases, or similar facilities.
ITEM 5. Other Information
During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no director or "officer" of the Corporation adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 6. Exhibits
(a)    Exhibits:
Exhibit (101), Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Exhibit (104), The cover page from the Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 has been formatted in Inline XBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language) and contained in Exhibits in 101.

76


Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
(Registrant)
Date: October 26, 2023 /s/ Andrew J. Harmening
Andrew J. Harmening
President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: October 26, 2023 /s/ Derek S. Meyer
   Derek S. Meyer
Chief Financial Officer
Date: October 26, 2023 /s/ Tammy C. Stadler
Tammy C. Stadler
Chief Accounting Officer

77
EX-31.1 2 asb09302023ex311.htm EX-31.1 Document

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION UNDER SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Andrew J. Harmening, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Associated Banc-Corp;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: October 26, 2023 /s/ Andrew J. Harmening
Andrew J. Harmening
President and Chief Executive Officer


EX-31.2 3 asb09302023ex312.htm EX-31.2 Document

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION UNDER SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Derek S. Meyer, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Associated Banc-Corp;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: October 26, 2023 /s/ Derek S. Meyer
Derek S. Meyer
Chief Financial Officer


EX-32 4 asb09302023ex32.htm EX-32 Document

Exhibit 32
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant
to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, each of the undersigned officers of Associated Banc-Corp, a Wisconsin corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify that:
1. The accompanying Quarterly Report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. Information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
/s/ Andrew J. Harmening
Andrew J. Harmening
Chief Executive Officer
October 26, 2023
 
/s/ Derek S. Meyer
Derek S. Meyer
Chief Financial Officer
October 26, 2023