•Net income of $53.3 million, or $1.25 per share and core net income1 of $53.7 million, or $1.26 per share

•Return on average common equity of 20.3% and core return on average tangible common equity1 of 22.3%

•Net interest margin of 2.64%, cost of deposits of 1.56%

•Redemption of subordinated debt

•Quarterly cash dividend rate increased by 14% to $0.50 per share for the quarter ended June 30, 2025

•Repurchases of 1.1 million shares at an average price of $40.69 per share

•New share repurchase authorization for up to 1.5 million common shares

•Andrew Henton appointed as Independent Director

Hamilton, Bermuda - July 28, 2025: The Bank of N.T. Butterfield & Son Limited ("Butterfield" or the "Bank") (BSX: NTB.BH; NYSE: NTB) today announced financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2025.

Net income for the second quarter of 2025 was $53.3 million, or $1.25 per diluted common share, compared to net income of $53.8 million, or $1.23 per diluted common share, for the previous quarter and $50.6 million, or $1.09 per diluted common share, for the second quarter of 2024. Core net income1 for the second quarter of 2025 was $53.7 million, or $1.26 per diluted common share, compared to $56.7 million, or $1.30 per diluted common share, for the previous quarter and $51.4 million, or $1.11 per diluted common share, for the second quarter of 2024.

The return on average common equity for the second quarter of 2025 was 20.3% compared to 20.9% for the previous quarter and 20.7% for the second quarter of 2024. The core return on average tangible common equity1 for the second quarter of 2025 was 22.3%, compared to 24.2% for the previous quarter and 23.3% for the second quarter of 2024. The efficiency ratio for the second quarter of 2025 was 61.3%, compared to 61.8% for the previous quarter and 62.4% for the second quarter of 2024. The core efficiency ratio1 for the second quarter of 2025 was 61.1% compared with 59.8% in the previous quarter and 61.8% for the second quarter of 2024.

The Bank also announced the appointment of a new Independent Director, Andrew Henton, a UK and offshore financial services sector expert, with longstanding experience in the Channel Islands.

Michael Collins, Butterfield's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, commented, “This strong second quarter performance underscores the consistency of our high risk-adjusted returns, supported by disciplined risk management and high-quality client relationships. Butterfield’s proven business model and sustained through-cycle profitability gives our Board the confidence to increase the quarterly cash dividend rate by 14% and authorize a new share repurchase program. As we rebalance our capital return strategy, we continue to evaluate selective, fee-based acquisition opportunities.

"On behalf of the Board of Directors, I am pleased to welcome Andrew Henton to the Group Board, and thank him for his continuing contribution to Butterfield’s subsidiary banking business in the Channel Islands, where he also currently serves as a Director. Andrew brings significant experience in governance, private banking, private equity and investment banking. I look forward to working with Andrew and am confident that he will help to further Butterfield's strategic growth and value creation."

Net income and core net income1 were down in the second quarter of 2025 versus the prior quarter. Net income was down in the second quarter of 2025 compared to the prior quarter, primarily due to a volume driven decrease in foreign exchange revenue and higher allowance for credit losses offset by decreases in non-interest expenses due to lower non-income tax and other non-interest expenses. Core net income1 was down in the second quarter of 2025 primarily due to a volume driven decrease in foreign exchange revenue, higher allowance for credit losses and higher salaries and other employee benefits.

Net interest income (“NII”) for the second quarter of 2025 was $89.4 million, a marginal increase over NII of $89.3 million in the previous quarter and $2.0 million higher compared to $87.4 million in the second quarter of 2024. NII was higher during the second quarter of 2025 compared to the second quarter of 2024, primarily due to a lower cost of deposits from prior quarters' central bank rate cuts, higher yield on investments offset by lower yields on loan and treasury assets following the aforementioned central bank rate cuts.

Net interest margin (“NIM”) for the second quarter of 2025 was 2.64%, a decrease of 6 basis points from the previous quarter at 2.70% and consistent with 2.64% in the second quarter of 2024. NIM in the second quarter of 2025 decreased compared to the prior quarter primarily due to lower treasury yields and the early redemption of the Bank's subordinated debt, which resulted in the accelerated amortization of the related unamortized issuance costs of $1.2 million (2 basis points impact on NIM).

Non-interest income for the second quarter of 2025 was $57.0 million, a decrease of $1.4 million from $58.4 million in the previous quarter and $1.4 million higher than $55.6 million in the second quarter of 2024. The decrease in the second quarter of 2025 compared to the prior quarter was due to lower foreign exchange volumes and lower custody and other administrative fees partially offset by higher trust revenue and other non-interest income. Non-interest income in the second quarter of 2025 was higher than the second quarter of 2024 primarily due to higher banking fees from both card volume and incentive programs, higher trust income, increases in asset management fees, and offset by lower foreign exchange volume.

Non-interest expenses were $91.8 million in the second quarter of 2025, compared to $93.2 million in the previous quarter and $91.1 million in the second quarter of 2024. Core non-interest expenses1 of $91.4 million in the second quarter of 2025 were higher compared to the $90.3 million incurred in the previous quarter and the $90.3 million in the second quarter of 2024. Core non-interest expenses1 in the second quarter of 2025 were higher compared to the prior quarter due to increased salary and other employee benefits offset by lower non-income taxes and other non-interest expenses. Core non-interest expenses1 in the second quarter of 2025 were higher compared to the second quarter of 2024, due to increased salary and other employee benefits, and increased property maintenance cost offset by lower technology and communications cost and professional and outside services cost.

Included in salaries and other employee benefits are non-core expenses of $0.4 million which relates to costs arising from group-wide voluntary early retirement and redundancy programs executed in the first and second quarter of 2025, respectively.

Period end deposit balances were $12.8 billion, an increase of 0.7% compared to $12.7 billion at December 31, 2024, primarily due to deposit increases in the Channel Islands and UK segment driven by a stronger Pound Sterling versus the US dollar. Average deposits were $12.7 billion in the quarter ended June 30, 2025, which is higher than the $12.5 billion in the prior quarter.

Tangible book value per share at the end of the second quarter of 2025 was $23.77 per share, higher than $22.94 per share at the end of the prior quarter and an increase over the $20.03 at the end of the second quarter of 2024.

The Board increased the quarterly cash dividend rate by 14% or $0.06 per common share to $0.50 per common share to be paid on August 25, 2025 to shareholders of record on August 11, 2025. During the second quarter of 2025, Butterfield repurchased 1.1 million common shares under the Bank's existing share repurchase program. On July 28, 2025, the Board approved a new share repurchase program authorizing the purchase of up to 1.5 million common shares through to December 31, 2025.

Effective January 1, 2025, the Bank has adopted the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's ("BCBS") revised standardized approach for credit risk framework as required by the Bermuda Monetary Authority ("BMA"). Comparatives were prepared under the prior credit risk framework. The current total regulatory capital ratio as at June 30, 2025 was 26.2%, compared to 25.8% as at December 31, 2024.

Both of these ratios remain conservatively above the minimum regulatory requirements applicable to the Bank.

Andrew Henton brings more than three decades of wide-ranging experience and business-building success across the financial services sector in the U.K. and offshore. Initially trained as an accountant, Mr. Henton gained exposure to international investment banking with HSBC and private equity investing with Baring Private Equity Partners, where he launched and then managed a growth fund focused on middle-market companies. From 2001 to 2011, Mr. Henton worked for Close Brothers Group, where he led the transformation of a disparate collection of underperforming offshore financial businesses into a profitable, integrated wealth management entity, the Close Private Bank Group of Companies. After the parent company sold the private bank group to Kleinwort Benson, Mr. Henton stayed on in Guernsey and has rounded out his career by coupling investments in smaller privately owned companies with serving as a professional non-executive director for a select number of Guernsey-based financial institutions.

(1)See table "Reconciliation of US GAAP Results to Core Earnings" below for reconciliation of US GAAP results to non-GAAP measures.

(2)     Effective January 1, 2025, the Bank has adopted the BCBS's revised standardized approach for credit risk framework as required by the BMA. Comparatives were prepared under the prior credit risk framework.

Net income for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 was $53.3 million, down from $53.8 million in the prior quarter.

The change in net income during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 compared to the previous quarter is attributable to the following:

•$1.4 million decrease in non-interest income driven by (i) $0.4 million decrease in banking fees due to lower merchant and international money transfer volumes, partially offset by increased card volumes; (ii) $1.7 million decrease in foreign exchange revenue driven by volume; and (iii) $0.4 million decrease in custody and other administration fees due to lower transaction volumes and assets under custody. This was partially offset by a $0.7 million increase in trust revenue due to annual fee increases, repricing of acquired business relationships, new business, an increase in special fees, and a $0.5 million increase in other non-interest income due to incentives received for new product development;

•$0.6 million increase in provision for credit losses as the prior quarter included a net release; and

•$1.5 million decrease in non-interest expenses driven by (i) $0.6 million decrease in payroll taxes related to the annual vesting of share compensation occurring in the prior quarter and (ii) $0.7 million decrease in other expenses driven by the provision for a potential legal settlement recognized in the prior quarter.

Non-Core Items1

Non-core items resulted in expenses, net of gains, of $0.4 million for the second quarter of 2025. Non-core items for the quarter relate mainly to costs recognized related to the group-wide voluntary early retirement and redundancy programs which were executed in Q1 2025 and Q2 2025, respectively.

Management does not believe that comparative period expenses, gains or losses identified as non-core are indicative of the results of operations of the Bank in the ordinary course of business.

(1)See table "Reconciliation of US GAAP Results to Core Earnings" below for reconciliation of US GAAP results to non-GAAP measures.

Total assets of the Bank were $14.2 billion at June 30, 2025, a decrease of $46.4 million from December 31, 2024. The Bank maintained a highly liquid position at June 30, 2025, with $9.2 billion of cash, bank deposits, reverse repurchase agreements and liquid investments representing 64.5% of total assets, compared with 65.3% at December 31, 2024.

The loan portfolio totaled $4.6 billion at June 30, 2025, a $0.1 billion decrease compared to December 31, 2024 balances.

The allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2025 totaled $25.7 million, which remained consistent with the December 31, 2024 balance.

The loan portfolio represented 32.3% of total assets at June 30, 2025 (December 31, 2024: 31.4%), while loans as a percentage of total deposits was 35.7% at June 30, 2025 (December 31, 2024: 35.1%). The increase in both ratios was attributable principally to an increase in loan balances, primarily driven by foreign exchange translation as a result of a strengthened Pound Sterling, at June 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024.

As at June 30, 2025, the Bank had gross non-accrual loans of $93.3 million, representing 2.0% of total gross loans, an increase of $16.7 million from $76.7 million, or 1.7% of total loans, at December 31, 2024. The increase in non-accrual loans during the six-month period to June 30, 2025 was driven by two residential mortgage facilities in the Channel Islands and UK segment and partially offset by the settlement of a commercial real estate loan facility in Bermuda.

The investment portfolio was $5.5 billion at June 30, 2025, which was $0.1 billion lower than the December 31, 2024 balances.

The investment portfolio is made up of high-quality assets with 100% invested in A-or-better-rated securities. The investment book yield was 2.67% during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 compared with 2.68% during the previous quarter. Total net unrealized losses on the available-for-sale portfolio is lower at $120.0 million, an improvement of $43.3 million compared with total net unrealized losses of $163.3 million at December 31, 2024.

Average total deposit balances were $12.7 billion for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 which is $0.2 billion higher than the prior quarter, while period end balances as at June 30, 2025 were $12.8 billion, an increase of $0.1 billion compared to December 31, 2024.

Average Balance Sheet2

(2) Averages are based upon a daily averages for the periods indicated.

Total assets under administration for the trust and custody businesses were $131.0 billion and $26.9 billion, respectively, at June 30, 2025, while assets under management were $6.3 billion at June 30, 2025. This compares with $131.3 billion, $30.5 billion and $6.0 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2024.

The table below shows the reconciliation of net income in accordance with US GAAP to core earnings, a non-GAAP measure, which excludes certain significant items that are included in our US GAAP results of operations. We focus on core net income, which we calculate by adjusting net income to exclude certain income or expense items that are not representative of our business operations, or “non-core”. Core net income includes revenue, gains, losses and expense items incurred in the normal course of business. We believe that expressing earnings and certain other financial measures excluding these non-core items provides a meaningful base for period-to-period comparisons, which management believes will assist investors in analyzing the operating results of the Bank and predicting future performance. We believe that presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures will permit investors to assess the performance of the Bank on the same basis as management.

Butterfield will host a conference call to discuss the Bank’s results on Tuesday, July 29, 2025 at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time. Callers may access the conference call by dialing +1 (844) 855-9501 (toll-free) or +1 (412) 858-4603 (international) ten minutes prior to the start of the call and referencing the Conference ID: Butterfield Group. A live webcast of the conference call, including a slide presentation, will be available in the investor relations section of Butterfield’s website at www.butterfieldgroup.com. A replay of the call will be archived on the Butterfield website for 12 months.

Certain statements in this release involve the use of non-GAAP financial measures. We believe such measures provide useful information to investors that is supplementary to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows computed in accordance with US GAAP; however, our non-GAAP financial measures have a number of limitations. As such, investors should not view these disclosures as a substitute for results determined in accordance with US GAAP, and they are not necessarily comparable to non-GAAP financial measures that other companies use. See "Reconciliation of US GAAP Results to Core Earnings" for additional information.

Certain of the statements made in this release are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, assumptions estimates, intentions, and future performance, including, without limitation, our intention to make share repurchases or otherwise increase shareholder value, our dividend payout target, our fee/income ratio, our OCI, our growth and expenses, and interest rate levels and impact on our earnings, and business activity levels, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may be beyond our control, and which may cause the actual results, performance, capital, ownership or achievements of Butterfield to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including worldwide economic conditions (including economic growth and general business conditions), changes in trade policies and practices and the resulting uncertainty, market volatility, and potential deterioration in economic conditions, fluctuations of interest rates, inflation, a decline in Bermuda’s sovereign credit rating, any sudden liquidity crisis, the successful completion and integration of acquisitions (including our integration of the trust assets acquired from Credit Suisse) or the realization of the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions in the expected time-frames or at all, success in business retention (including the retention of relationships associated with our Credit Suisse acquisition) and obtaining new business, potential impacts of climate change, the success of our updated systems and platforms and other factors. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as "anticipate," "assume," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "indicate," "intend," "may," "plan," "point to," "predict," "project," "seek," "target," "potential," "will," "would," "could," "should," "continue," "contemplate" and other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements in this disclosure are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice, including, without limitation, those risks and uncertainties described in our SEC reports and filings, including under the caption "Risk Factors" in our most recent Form 20-F. Such reports are available upon request from Butterfield, or from the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including through the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov. Any forward-looking statements made by Butterfield are current views as at the date they are made. Except as otherwise required by law, Butterfield assumes no obligation and does not undertake to review, update, revise or correct any of the forward-looking statements included in this disclosure, whether as a result of new information, future events or other developments. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements made by Butterfield in this disclosure. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, and should only be viewed as historical data. BF-All

Certain monetary amounts, percentages and other figures included in this report have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them, and figures expressed as percentages in the text may not total 100% or, as applicable, when aggregated may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the percentages that precede them.

Butterfield is a full-service bank and wealth manager headquartered in Hamilton, Bermuda, providing services to clients from Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guernsey and Jersey, where our principal banking operations are located, and The Bahamas, Switzerland, Singapore and the United Kingdom, where we offer specialized financial services. Banking services comprise deposit, cash management and lending solutions for individual, business and institutional clients. Wealth management services are composed of trust, private banking, asset management and custody. In Bermuda, the Cayman Islands and Guernsey, we offer both banking and wealth management. In The Bahamas, Singapore and Switzerland, we offer select wealth management services. In the UK, we offer residential property lending. In Jersey, we offer select banking and wealth management services. Butterfield is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (symbol: NTB) and the Bermuda Stock Exchange (symbol: NTB.BH). Further details on the Butterfield Group can be obtained from our website at: www.butterfieldgroup.com.

Investor Relations Contact:                Media Relations Contact:        

Noah Fields                    Nicky Stevens

Investor Relations                 Group Strategic Marketing & Communications

The Bank of N.T. Butterfield & Son Limited        The Bank of N.T. Butterfield & Son Limited        

Phone: (441) 299 3816                Phone: (441) 299 1624    

E-mail: noah.fields@butterfieldgroup.com         E-mail: nicky.stevens@butterfieldgroup.com

        

The Bank of N.T. Butterfield & Son Limited (“Butterfield”, the “Bank” or the “Company”) is incorporated under the laws of Bermuda and has a banking license under the Banks and Deposit Companies Act, 1999 (“the Act”). Butterfield is regulated by the Bermuda Monetary Authority (“BMA”), which operates in accordance with Basel principles.

Butterfield is a full service bank and wealth manager headquartered in Hamilton, Bermuda. The Bank operates its business through three geographic segments: Bermuda, Cayman, and the Channel Islands and the UK, where its principal banking operations are located and where it offers specialized financial services. Butterfield offers banking services, comprised of retail and corporate banking, and wealth management, which consists of trust, private banking, and asset management. In the Bermuda, Cayman, and Channel Islands and the UK segments, Butterfield offers both banking and wealth management services. Butterfield also has operations in the jurisdictions of The Bahamas, Canada, Mauritius, Singapore and Switzerland, which are included in our Other segment.

The Bank's common shares trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "NTB" and on the Bermuda Stock Exchange ("BSX") under the symbol "NTB.BH".

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Bank have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and should be read in conjunction with the Bank’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024.

In the opinion of Management, these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting primarily of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair statement of the Bank’s financial position and results of operations as at the end of and for the periods presented. The Bank’s results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, and actual results could differ from those estimates. Management believes that the most critical accounting estimates upon which the financial condition depends, and which involve the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments, are as follows:

•Allowance for credit losses

•Fair value of financial instruments

•Impairment of goodwill

•Employee benefit plans

There were no accounting developments issued during the six months ended June 30, 2025 or accounting standards pending adoption which impacted the Bank.

On the consolidated balance sheets, available-for-sale ("AFS") investments are carried at fair value and held-to-maturity ('HTM') investments are carried at amortized cost.

¹For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, impairments recognized in other comprehensive income for HTM investments were nil.

The Bank does not believe that the AFS debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2025, comprising 165 securities representing 63.4% of the AFS portfolios' carrying value (December 31, 2024: 184 and 87.7%), represent credit losses. Total gross unrealized AFS losses were 8.6% of the fair value of the affected securities (December 31, 2024: 8.3%).

The Bank’s HTM debt securities are comprised of US government and federal agencies securities and have a zero credit loss assumption under the Current Expected Credit Loss Model ("CECL") model. HTM debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2025, were comprised of 218 securities representing 98.8% of the HTM portfolios’ carrying value (December 31, 2024: 220 and 100%). Total gross unrealized HTM losses were 19.5% of the fair value of affected securities (December 31, 2024: 21.3%).

Management does not intend to sell and it is likely that management will not be required to sell the securities prior to the anticipated recovery of the cost of these securities. Unrealized losses were attributable primarily to changes in market interest rates, relative to when the investment securities were purchased, and not due to a decrease in the credit quality of the investment securities. The issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments on the securities. The following describes the processes for identifying credit impairment in security types with the most significant unrealized losses as shown in the preceding tables.

Management believes that all the US government and federal agencies securities do not have any credit losses, given the explicit and implicit guarantees provided by the US federal government.

Management believes that all the Non-US governments debt securities, which have now matured, did not have any credit losses, given the explicit guarantee provided by the issuing government.

Investments in Asset-backed securities - Student loans were composed of securities collateralized by Federal Family Education Loan Program ("FFELP") loans. FFELP loans benefit from a US federal government guarantee of at least 97% of defaulted principal and accrued interest, with additional credit support provided in the form of over-collateralization, subordination and excess spread, which collectively total in excess of 100%.

Investments in Residential mortgage-backed securities relate to 13 securities (December 31, 2024: 13) which are rated AAA and possess similar significant credit enhancement as described above. No credit losses were recognized on these securities as the weighted average credit support and the weighted average loan-to-value ratios range from 15.6% - 50.1% and 43.1% - 52.3%, respectively. Current credit support is significantly greater than any delinquencies experienced on the underlying mortgages.

In the following tables, debt securities with unrealized losses that are not deemed to be credit impaired and for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded are categorized as being in a loss position for "less than 12 months" or "12 months or more" based on the point in time that the fair value most recently declined below the amortized

cost basis.

The following table presents the remaining term to contractual maturity of the Bank’s securities. The actual maturities may differ as certain securities offer prepayment options to the borrowers.

The Bank pledges certain US government and federal agencies investment securities to further secure the Bank's issued customer deposit products. The secured party does not have the right to sell or repledge the collateral.

As at June 30, 2025, the Bank pledged nil (December 31, 2024: $93.5 million) in non-US governments debt investment securities to secure the Bank's repurchase agreements. Where the secured party has the right to sell or repledge the collateral, the Bank disclosed such pledged financial assets separately in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

None of the investments' interest income have received a specific preferential income tax treatment in any of the jurisdictions in which the Bank owns investments.

The principal means of securing residential mortgages, personal, credit card and business loans are entitlements over assets and guarantees. Mortgage loans are generally repayable over periods of up to thirty years and personal and business loans are generally repayable over terms not exceeding five years. Government loans are repayable over a variety of terms which are individually negotiated. Amounts owing on credit cards are revolving and typically a minimum amount is due within 30 days from billing. The credit card portfolio is managed as a single portfolio and includes consumer and business cards. The effective yield on total loans as at June 30, 2025 is 6.06% (December 31, 2024: 6.29%). The interest receivable on total loans as at June 30, 2025 is $10.6 million (December 31, 2024: $8.0 million). The interest receivable is included in Accrued interest and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets and is excluded from all loan amounts disclosed in this note.

The four credit quality classifications set out in the following tables are defined below and describe the credit quality of the Bank's lending portfolio. These classifications each encompass a range of more granular internal credit rating grades. Loans' internal credit ratings are assigned by the Bank's customer relationship managers as well as members of the Bank's jurisdictional and Group Credit Committees. The borrowers' financial condition is documented at loan origination and maintained periodically thereafter at a frequency which can be up to monthly for certain loans. The loans' performing status, as well as current economic trends, are continuously monitored. The Bank's jurisdictional and Group Credit Committees meet on a monthly basis. The Bank also has a Group Provisions and Impairments Committee which is responsible for approving significant provisions and other impairment charges.

A pass loan shall mean a loan that is expected to be repaid as agreed. A loan is classified as pass where the Bank is not expected to face repayment difficulties because the present and projected cash flows are sufficient to repay the debt and the repayment schedule as established by the agreement is being followed. Loans in this category are reviewed by the Bank’s management on at least an annual basis.

A special mention loan shall mean a loan under close monitoring by the Bank’s management on at least a quarterly basis. Loans in this category are currently still performing, but are potentially weak and present an undue credit risk exposure, but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard.

A substandard loan shall mean a loan whose evident unreliability makes repayment doubtful and there is a threat of loss to the Bank unless the unreliability is averted. Loans in this category are under close monitoring by the Bank’s management on at least a quarterly basis.

A non-accrual loan shall mean either management is of the opinion full payment of principal or interest is in doubt or that the principal or interest is 90 days past due unless it is a residential mortgage loan which is well secured and collection efforts are reasonably expected to result in amounts due. Loans in this category are under close monitoring by the Bank’s management on at least a quarterly basis.

The amortized cost of loans by credit quality classification and allowance for expected credit losses by class of loans is as follows:

1 Other consumer loans’ amortized cost includes $9 million of cash and portfolio secured lending and $24 million of lending secured by buildings in construction or other collateral.

1 Other consumer loans’ amortized cost includes $10 million of cash and portfolio secured lending and $27 million of lending secured by buildings in construction or other collateral.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the amortized cost of loans by year of origination and credit quality classification is as follows:

The following tables summarize the past due status of the loans. The aging of past due amounts are determined based on the contractual delinquency status of payments under the loan and this aging may be affected by the timing of the last business day at period end. Loans less than 30 days past due are included in current loans.