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☒      QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☐         TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ý  No  o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ý  No o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

Large accelerated filer ý  Accelerated filer o  Non-accelerated filer o  Smaller reporting company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐   No  ý

 

The number of shares of common stock of Cencora, Inc. outstanding as of July 31, 2025 was 193,877,881.

 

 

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These forward-looking statements may include, without limitation, statements regarding our financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for our future operations; future liabilities and other obligations; anticipated trends and prospects in the industries in which our business operates; new products, services and related strategies; and capital allocation, including share repurchases and dividends. These statements may constitute projections, forecasts and forward-looking statements, and are not guarantees of performance. Such statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. When used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, words such as "aim," "anticipate," "believe," "can," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "might," "on track," "opportunity," "plan," "possible," "potential," "predict," "project," "seek," "should," "strive," "sustain," "synergy," "target," "will," "would" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.

These forward-looking statements reflect management’s current views with respect to future events, subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances, and are based on assumptions as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that our expectations will be attained. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or future prospects or that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from our expectations include, but are not limited to:

•our ability to respond to general macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical uncertainties, including financial market volatility and disruption, inflationary concerns, interest and currency exchange rates, changes as a result of the U.S. presidential election, and uncertain economic conditions in the United States and abroad;

•our ability to respond to changes to customer or supplier mix and payment terms, or to changes to manufacturer pricing;

•the retention of key customer or supplier relationships under less favorable economics or the adverse resolution of any contract or other dispute with customers or suppliers;

•competition and industry consolidation of both customers and suppliers resulting in increasing pressure to reduce prices for our products and services;

•risks associated with our strategic, long-term relationship with Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc. ("WBA"), including with respect to the pharmaceutical distribution agreement and/or the global generic purchasing services arrangement;

•risks that acquisitions of or investments in businesses, including the acquisitions of Alliance Healthcare, PharmaLex, and Retina Consultants of America and the investment in OneOncology, fail to achieve expected or targeted future financial and operating performance and results;

•our ability to effectively manage our growth;

•our ability to maintain the strength and security of information technology systems;

•any inability or failure by us or third-party business partners to anticipate or detect data or information security breaches or other cyber-attacks;

•our ability to manage foreign expansion, including non-compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, anti-bribery laws, economic sanctions and import laws and regulations;

•risks associated with our international operations, including financial and other impacts of macroeconomic and geopolitical trends and events, including the conflicts in Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas and related regional and global ramifications;

•our ability to respond to changes or uncertainty in the geopolitical policies of countries and regions in which we do business, including with respect to trade policies or tariffs, which can disrupt our global operations, as well as the operations of our customers and suppliers;

•unfavorable trends in brand and generic pharmaceutical pricing, including in rate or frequency of price inflation or deflation;

•changes in the United States healthcare and regulatory environment, including changes that could impact prescription drug reimbursement under Medicare and Medicaid and declining reimbursement rates for pharmaceuticals;

•the bankruptcy, insolvency, or other credit failure of a major supplier or significant customer;

•our ability to comply with increasing governmental regulations regarding the pharmaceutical supply chain;

•continued federal and state government enforcement initiatives to detect and prevent suspicious orders of controlled substances and the diversion of controlled substances;

•uncertainties associated with litigation, including the outcome of any legal or governmental proceedings that may be instituted against us, continued prosecution or suit by federal and state governmental entities and other parties of alleged violations of laws and regulations regarding controlled substances, and any related disputes;

•the outcome of any legal or governmental proceedings that may be instituted against us, including material adverse resolution of pending legal proceedings;

•risks generally associated with data privacy regulation and the protection and international transfer of personal data;

•our ability to address events outside of our control, such as widespread public health issues, natural disasters, government policy changes, and political events; and

•the impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets resulting in a charge to earnings.

As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Unless required by federal securities laws, we assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated, to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the statements are made.

 

The accompanying financial statements present the consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of Cencora, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including less-than-wholly-owned subsidiaries in which Cencora, Inc. has a controlling financial interest (the "Company"), as of the dates and for the periods indicated. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals, except as otherwise disclosed herein) considered necessary to present fairly the financial position as of June 30, 2025 and the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 have been included. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, but which are not required for interim reporting purposes, have been omitted. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts could differ from these estimated amounts. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-period amounts to conform to the current year presentation.

The Company is required to maintain certain cash deposits with banks mainly consisting of deposits restricted under contractual agency agreements and cash restricted by law and other obligations.

The following represents a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

As of June 30, 2025, there were no recently-adopted accounting standards that had a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or notes to the financial statements upon their adoption.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023-07")." ASU 2023-07 requires public entities to disclose significant segment expenses on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment's profit or loss that are currently required annually. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The Company has evaluated the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance and its disclosures, which will be included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2025.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09")." ASU 2023-09 requires entities to provide additional information in their tax rate reconciliation and additional disclosures about income taxes paid by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The guidance should be applied prospectively, but entities have the option to apply it retrospectively for each period presented. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses ("ASU 2024-03")." ASU 2024-03 requires disaggregated disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement as well as disclosures about selling expenses. Expense captions should be disaggregated to include expenses related to purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. ASU 2024-03 applies to public entities and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance should be applied prospectively with the option for retrospective application. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance.

On January 2, 2025, the Company acquired an 85% interest in Retina Consultants of America ("RCA") for $4,042.0 million in cash, $694.4 million of contingent consideration related to equity units for certain RCA physicians and members of management that retained the remaining 15% interest in RCA, $545.7 million for the settlement of a net receivable resulting from a pre-existing commercial relationship between the Company and RCA, and $393.1 million for contingent consideration payable to the sellers associated with RCA's achievement of certain predefined business objectives in fiscal 2027 and fiscal 2028. The Company funded the cash purchase price through a combination of cash on hand and new debt financing (see Note 6). The Company believes the acquisition of RCA will allow it to broaden its relationships with community providers and to build on its leadership in specialty pharmaceuticals within its U.S. Healthcare Solutions reportable segment.

The purchase price has been preliminarily allocated to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition in the table that follows. The allocation as of June 30, 2025 is pending the finalization of working capital and related account balances and the lease right-of-use assets and liabilities. There can be no assurance that the estimated amounts recorded will represent the final purchase price allocation.

As part of the acquisition, certain RCA physicians and members of management retained equity in RCA. The Company evaluated the equity unit arrangements to determine if the contingent payments were part of the purchase price or post-acquisition compensation expense, which would be recognized over any future service period. The $694.4 million of contingent consideration for the retained equity units was concluded to be a part of the purchase price and initially recorded at its fair value at the time of the acquisition based on the unit price that the Company paid to acquire RCA times the number of equity units retained by RCA physicians and members of management, and represents a Level 3 fair value measurement. The equity units retained by RCA physicians have an embedded option feature that is a liability classified compensation arrangement. The estimated initial fair value of this embedded option feature is approximately $211 million and will be expensed ratably over a period of 1.5 years. The fair value of the embedded option feature was determined using a Black-Scholes model that included assumptions for expected life and volatility and represents a Level 3 fair value measurement. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized an additional liability and expense of $74.9 million related to this embedded option feature and other incentive units granted in conjunction with the acquisition of RCA in Acquisition-Related Deal and Integration Expenses in its Consolidated Statement of Operations. The liability and associated future expenses may vary based on the change in the estimated fair value. There was no change in the estimated fair value of the liability related to the equity units, which is recorded in Other Liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet, as of June 30, 2025, from the estimated initial fair value.

The $393.1 million of contingent consideration represents an estimate for RCA's achievement of certain predefined business objectives in fiscal 2027 and fiscal 2028 and provides for the potential payment to the sellers of up to $500 million in the aggregate. The fair value of this liability was determined based on a weighted probability of the achievement of these objectives and represents a Level 3 fair value measurement. There was no change in the estimated fair value of the liability related to the achievement of the predetermined business objectives, which is recorded in Other Liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet, as of June 30, 2025.

The estimated fair value of the trade name acquired is $178.0 million and the estimated useful life is 15 years.

Approximately $1,055 million of goodwill resulting from this acquisition is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

The Company incurred $65.1 million of acquisition-related costs in connection with this acquisition. These costs are included in Acquisition-Related Deal and Integration Expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company's consolidated results of operations since the acquisition date include RCA revenue of $1.4 billion. RCA's results of operations are included in the U.S. Healthcare Solutions reportable segment within the Company's business segment information (see Note 12).

The Company has substantial governance rights over Profarma Distribuidora de Produtos Farmacêuticos S.A. ("Profarma") that allow it to direct the activities that significantly impact Profarma’s economic performance. As such, the Company consolidates the operating results of Profarma in its consolidated financial statements. The Company is not obligated to provide future financial support to Profarma.

The following assets and liabilities of Profarma are included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets:

Profarma's assets can only be used to settle its obligations, and its creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company.

The Company files income tax returns in U.S. federal, state, and various foreign jurisdictions. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits, defined as the aggregate tax effect of differences between tax return positions and the benefits recognized in the Company’s financial statements, of $602.3 million ($547.0 million, net of federal benefit). If recognized, $537.1 million of these tax benefits would have reduced income tax expense and the effective tax rate. Included in this amount is $62.6 million of interest and penalties, which the Company records in Income Tax Expense in its Consolidated Statements of Operations. In the nine months ended June 30, 2025, unrecognized tax benefits increased by $57.3 million. Over the next 12 months, the Company does not anticipate any material change in unrecognized tax benefits due to tax authority audit resolutions and the expiration of statutes of limitations.

The Company's effective tax rates were 23.0% and 22.3% for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. The Company's effective tax rates were 22.4% and 19.5% for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 were higher than the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to U.S. state income taxes, offset in part by the benefit of income taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory rate and benefits associated with equity compensation. The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was higher than the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to U.S. state income taxes, offset in part by the benefit of income taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory rate. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2024 was lower than the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to discrete tax benefits associated with foreign valuation allowance adjustments, the benefits of income taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory rate, and tax benefits associated with equity compensation, offset in part by U.S. state income taxes.

The following is a summary of the changes in the carrying value of goodwill, by reportable segment, for the nine months ended June 30, 2025:

In the Company's prior year fourth quarter, a goodwill impairment of $418.0 million was recorded with respect to the PharmaLex reporting unit. As a result, its carrying value was reduced to its fair value. Company management is in the early stages of updating the estimated financial projections for all of its business units, which will be used as the basis for determining the fair value of its reporting units and allow the Company to complete its annual impairment testing in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025. Based on this assessment, the carrying value of the PharmaLex reporting unit could exceed its fair value, resulting in an impairment of goodwill in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025. The PharmaLex reporting unit had goodwill of $723.9 million as of June 30, 2025.

The following is a summary of other intangible assets:

Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $125.9 million and $164.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $429.7 million and $496.6 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets is estimated to be $557.9 million in fiscal 2025, $400.5 million in fiscal 2026, $341.5 million in fiscal 2027, $329.8 million in fiscal 2028, $316.8 million in fiscal 2029, and $2,395.3 million thereafter.

Debt consisted of the following:

    The Company had a $2.4 billion multi-currency senior unsecured revolving credit facility ("Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility") with a syndicate of lenders, which was scheduled to expire in October 2029. In June 2025, the Company amended and restated the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility to extend the expiration to June 2030 and increase the aggregate amount of the commitments under this facility to $4.5 billion. Interest on borrowings under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility accrues at specified rates based upon the Company’s debt ratings. The Company pays facility fees to maintain the availability under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility at specified rates based on its debt rating. The Company may choose to repay or reduce its commitments under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility at any time. The Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility contains covenants, including compliance with a financial leverage ratio test, as well as others that impose limitations on, among other things, indebtedness of subsidiaries and asset sales, with which the Company was compliant as of June 30, 2025. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.

    The Company has a $3.4 billion commercial paper program, which does not increase its borrowing capacity, that is fully backed by its Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility. The Company may, from time to time, issue short-term promissory notes in an aggregate amount of up to $3.4 billion at any one time. Amounts available under the program may be borrowed, repaid, and re-borrowed from time to time. The maturities on the notes will vary but may not exceed 365 days from the date of issuance. The notes will bear interest, if interest bearing, or will be sold at a discount from their face amounts. There were no borrowings outstanding under the commercial paper program as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.

In November 2024, the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which it obtained a $1.0 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "364-Day Revolving Credit Facility") with a syndicate of lenders, which was scheduled to expire 364 days after the January 2, 2025 closing of the RCA acquisition, the date on which borrowings under this facility became available to the Company.

In June 2025, in conjunction with the amendment to the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility, the Company terminated the 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility.

The Company had a $1.45 billion receivables securitization facility ("Receivables Securitization Facility"), which was scheduled to expire in October 2027. In June 2025, the Company amended the Receivables Securitization Facility to extend the expiration to June 2028, increase the size of the facility to $1.5 billion, and increase its accordion feature to $500 million from $250 million. This accordion feature allows the Company to increase the commitment on the Receivables Securitization Facility up to $500 million, subject to lender approval. Interest rates are based on prevailing market rates for short-term commercial paper or 30-day Term SOFR, plus a program fee. The Company pays a customary unused fee at prevailing market rates, monthly, to maintain the availability under the Receivables Securitization Facility. The Receivables Securitization Facility contains similar covenants to the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility, with which the Company was compliant as of June 30, 2025. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Receivables Securitization Facility as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.

    The Company has an uncommitted, unsecured line of credit available to it pursuant to a money market credit agreement (the "Money Market Facility"). The Money Market Facility provides the Company with the ability to request short-term, unsecured revolving credit loans from time to time in a principal amount not to exceed $100 million. The Money Market Facility may be decreased or terminated by the bank or the Company at any time without prior notice. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Money Market Facility as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.

In July 2025, the Company entered into an uncommitted, unsecured line of credit to support its working capital needs ("Working Capital Credit Facility"). The Working Capital Credit Facility provides the Company with the ability to request short-term, unsecured revolving credit loans from time to time in a principal amount not to exceed $500 million. The Working Capital Credit Facility expires in July 2026 and may be decreased or terminated by the bank or the Company at any time without prior notice.

In January 2025, the Company borrowed $1.5 billion on a variable-rate term loan ("Term Loan") that matures in December 2027. The Term Loan was used to finance a portion of the acquisition of RCA (see Note 2). The Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal to either an adjusted SOFR plus an applicable margin or an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin. The margins are based on the Company's public debt ratings. The Term Loan contains similar covenants to the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility. The Company has the right to prepay the borrowings under the Term Loan at any time, in whole or in part and without premium or penalty. Through June 30, 2025, the Company elected to make early principal payments of $200 million on the Term Loan.

In December 2024, the Company issued $500 million of 4.625% senior notes due in December 2027 (the "2027 Notes"), $600 million of 4.850% senior notes due in December 2029 (the "2029 Notes"), and $700 million of 5.150% senior notes due in February 2035 (the "2035 Notes"). The 2027 Notes were sold at 99.815% of the principal amount with an effective yield of 4.634%. The 2029 Notes were sold at 99.968% of the principal amount with an effective yield of 4.852%. The 2035 Notes were sold at 99.945% of the principal amount with an effective yield of 5.153%. Interest on the 2027 Notes and the 2029 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15, which began on June 15, 2025. Interest on the 2035 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15, which began on February 15, 2025. The Company used the proceeds from the 2027 Notes, the 2029 Notes, and the 2035 Notes to finance a portion of the acquisition of RCA.

In May 2025, the Company issued €500 million of 2.875% senior notes due in May 2028 (the "2028 Notes") and €500 million of 3.625% senior notes due in May 2032 (the "2032 Notes"). The 2028 Notes were sold at 99.960% of the principal amount with an effective yield of 2.876%. The 2032 Notes were sold at 99.757% of the principal amount with an effective yield of 3.634%. Interest on the 2028 Notes and the 2032 Notes is payable annually in arrears beginning on May 22, 2026. The Company used the proceeds from the 2028 Notes and the 2032 Notes for general corporate purposes.

The Company uses foreign currency denominated debt held at the parent level to offset a portion of its foreign currency exchange rate exposure on its net investments in Euro-denominated subsidiaries. The Company's €1.0 billion of senior notes are designated as nonderivative hedging instruments that are remeasured each reporting period to reflect changes in the foreign currency exchange spot rate, with changes since the last remeasurement date recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments as a component of other comprehensive income/loss. The Company recorded losses on its nonderivative hedge of $53.2 million in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025.

The senior notes discussed above and also illustrated in the above debt table are collectively referred to as the "Notes." Interest on the Notes is payable semiannually in arrears, with the exception of the 2028 Notes and the 2032 Notes, which are paid annually in arrears. Most of the Notes were sold at small discounts to the principal amounts and, therefore, have effective yields that are greater than the stated interest rates in the table above. Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Notes were deferred and are being amortized over the terms of the Notes. The indentures governing the Notes contain restrictions and covenants, which include limitations on additional indebtedness; distributions to stockholders; the repurchase of stock and the making of other restricted payments; issuance of preferred stock; creation of certain liens; transactions with subsidiaries and other affiliates; and certain corporate acts such as mergers, consolidations, and the sale of substantially all assets. An additional covenant requires compliance with a financial leverage ratio test. The Company was compliant with all covenants as of June 30, 2025.

In March 2025, the Company's $500 million of 3.250% senior notes matured and was repaid.

Nonrecourse debt is comprised of short-term and long-term debt belonging to the Brazil subsidiaries and is repaid solely from the Brazil subsidiary's cash flows, and such debt agreements provide that the repayment of the loans (and interest thereon) is secured solely by the capital stock, physical assets, contracts, and cash flows of the Brazil subsidiaries.

In March 2024, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program allowing the Company to purchase up to $2.0 billion of its outstanding shares of common stock, subject to market conditions. In the nine months ended June 30, 2025, the Company purchased 1.9 million shares of its common stock for a total of $435.4 million. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had $882.2 million of availability under this program.

    Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Cencora, Inc. by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Cencora, Inc. by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, plus the dilutive effect of restricted stock units and stock options during the periods presented.

    The following illustrates the components of diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the periods indicated:

The potentially dilutive restricted stock units that were antidilutive for the three months ended June 30, 2025 were one thousand. There were no potentially dilutive restricted stock units that were antidilutive for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The potentially dilutive restricted stock units that were antidilutive for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were 92 thousand and 110 thousand, respectively.

    The following illustrates expenses incurred by the Company relating to Restructuring and Other Expenses for the periods indicated:

Restructuring and employee severance costs in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 primarily included workforce reductions in both of the Company's reportable segments. Restructuring and employee severance costs in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024 primarily included expenses incurred related to facility closures in connection with the Company's office optimization plan and workforce reductions in both of its reportable segments.

Business transformation efforts in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 included rebranding costs associated with the Company's name change to Cencora and non-recurring expenses related to significant strategic initiatives to improve operational efficiency, including certain technology initiatives. The majority of these costs are related to services provided by third-party consultants.

In February 2024, the Company experienced a cybersecurity event where data from its information systems was exfiltrated. In connection with this event, the Company incurred costs that were recorded in Other, net in the above table. The majority of the costs included in Other, net in the nine months ended June 30, 2024 related to this cybersecurity event.

In the ordinary course of its business, the Company becomes involved in lawsuits, administrative proceedings, government subpoenas, government investigations, stockholder demands, and other disputes, including antitrust, commercial, data privacy and security, employment discrimination, intellectual property, product liability, regulatory, and other matters. Significant damages or penalties may be sought from the Company in some matters, and some matters may require years for the Company to resolve. The Company records a reserve for these matters when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

For those matters for which the Company has not recognized a liability, the Company cannot predict the outcome of their impact on the Company as uncertainty remains, including with regard to whether such matters will proceed to trial, whether settlements will be reached, and the amount and terms of any such settlements. Outcomes may include settlements in significant amounts that are not currently estimable, limitations on the Company's conduct, the imposition of corporate integrity agreement obligations, consent decrees, and/or other civil and criminal penalties. From time to time, the Company is also involved in disputes with its customers, which the Company generally seeks to resolve through commercial negotiations. If negotiations are unsuccessful, the parties may litigate the dispute or otherwise attempt to settle the matter.

With respect to the specific legal proceedings and claims described below, unless otherwise noted, the amount or range of possible losses is not reasonably estimable. There can be no assurance that the settlement, resolution, or other outcome of one or more matters, including the matters set forth below, during any subsequent reporting period will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows for that period or on the Company's financial condition.

A significant number of counties, municipalities, and other governmental entities in a majority of U.S. states and Puerto Rico, as well as numerous states and tribes, filed lawsuits in various federal, state and other courts against pharmaceutical wholesale distributors (including the Company and certain subsidiaries, such as AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation ("ABDC") and H.D. Smith, LLC ("H.D. Smith")), pharmaceutical manufacturers, retail pharmacy chains, medical practices, and physicians relating to the distribution of prescription opioid pain medications.

Starting in December 2017, more than 2,000 cases were transferred to Multidistrict Litigation ("MDL") proceedings before the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (the "MDL Court"). Since then, several cases filed by government and tribal plaintiffs that were selected as bellwether cases in the MDL have been resolved through trial or settlement. Following trial in two consolidated cases in West Virginia federal court, the court entered judgment in favor of the defendants, including the Company.

The plaintiffs filed an appeal of the court’s decision on August 2, 2022, which remains pending.

On July 21, 2021, the Company announced that it and the two other national pharmaceutical distributors had negotiated a Distributor Settlement Agreement that, if all conditions were satisfied, would result in the resolution of a substantial majority of opioid lawsuits filed by state and local governmental entities. The Distributor Settlement Agreement became effective on April 2, 2022, and as of June 30, 2025, it included 48 of 49 eligible states (the "Settling States") as well as 99% by population of the eligible political subdivisions in the Settling States. The Distributor Settlement Agreement requires the Company to comply with certain requirements, including the establishment of a clearinghouse that will consolidate data from all three national pharmaceutical distributors. The States of Alabama and West Virginia and their subdivisions and Native American tribes are not a part of the Distributor Settlement Agreement, and the Company has reached separate agreements with those groups.

In Maryland, a trial commenced on September 16, 2024 in a case filed by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore. On November 12, 2024, the jury returned a verdict finding ABDC (and another national distributor) liable for public nuisance and assessing approximately $274 million total in compensatory damages, approximately $74 million of which was assessed against ABDC. A second phase of the trial began on December 11, 2024 related to the City of Baltimore's request for an abatement remedy and proceeded as a bench trial. On June 12, 2025, the Court issued a ruling on the defendants’ post-trial motions relating to the first phase of the trial. The Court upheld the jury’s finding of liability, but granted the defendants a new trial on the extent of damages to correct certain errors and due to the excessive nature of the jury’s damages award. In the alternative, the Court granted remittitur, through which the Court reduced the compensatory damages assessed against ABDC to approximately $14.4 million. The Court intends to issue its ruling in the second phase of the trial regarding the City of Baltimore’s request for abatement by August 8, 2025. Thereafter, the City of Baltimore must elect to either accept the reduced damages award or proceed with a new trial. The Company is evaluating next steps, including a possible appeal. The $74 million is a component of the Company's $4.7 billion litigation liability as of June 30, 2025, as described below.

The MDL Court selected four cases filed by third-party payors to serve as additional litigation bellwethers. On May 31, 2024, the MDL Court severed and stayed these four cases against the Company and the two other national pharmaceutical distributors, pursuant to ongoing settlement discussions to resolve litigation filed by a putative class of third-party payors. On August 29, 2024, the Company and two other national pharmaceutical distributors entered into a proposed class action settlement agreement to resolve the opioid-related claims of a proposed settlement class of third-party payors. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company recorded a $93.0 million litigation expense accrual in its fiscal 2024 Consolidated Statement of Operations. The MDL Court granted a motion for preliminary approval of the proposed class action settlement on September 3, 2024. Following a time period for submission of any objections or requests to be excluded from the settlement, the MDL granted final approval of the settlement during a fairness hearing held on January 13, 2025 and entered a final approval order on January 15, 2025. On February 13, 2025, the sole objector to the settlement filed a notice of appeal of the final approval order. A settlement agreement with the sole objector was entered into on June 12, 2025. On June 16, 2025, the MDL Court ruled that it would approve the settlement with the sole objector if remanded for that purpose. On July 25, 2025, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit granted a motion for limited remand. The settlement is currently pending approval from the MDL Court.

On September 26, 2024, the Company and two other national pharmaceutical distributors entered into a proposed class action settlement agreement to resolve the opioid-related claims of a proposed settlement class of hospitals. The Company recorded a $120.9 million litigation expense accrual in its fiscal 2024 Consolidated Statement of Operations, representing the Company's expected share of the potential class action settlement. Pursuant to these settlement discussions, a case in Alabama that involved up to eight plaintiff hospitals, and that was scheduled to begin trial on July 8, 2024, was severed and stayed as to the Company. On October 30, 2024, the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico granted a motion for preliminary approval of the proposed class action settlement. Following notice to class members, a time period for submission of any objections to the settlement or requests to be excluded from the settlement, and a fairness hearing on March 4, 2025, the court granted final approval of the settlement and entered a final approval order. The settlement became effective on April 4, 2025.

The Company’s accrued litigation liability related to the Distributor Settlement Agreement, including the State of Alabama and an estimate for non-participating government subdivisions (with whom the Company has not reached a settlement agreement), as well as other opioid-related litigation for which it has reached settlement agreements, as described above, was $4.7 billion as of June 30, 2025 and $4.9 billion as of September 30, 2024. The $4.7 billion liability will be paid over 14 years. The Company currently estimates that $416.8 million will be paid prior to June 30, 2026, which is recorded in Accrued Expenses and Other on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The remaining long-term liability of $4.3 billion is recorded in Accrued Litigation Liability on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. While the Company has accrued its estimated liability for opioid litigation, it is unable to estimate the range of possible loss associated with the matters that are not included in the accrual.

Because loss contingencies are inherently unpredictable and unfavorable developments or resolutions can occur, the assessment is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. The Company regularly reviews opioid litigation matters to determine whether its accrual is adequate. The amount of ultimate loss may differ materially from the amount accrued to date. Until such time as otherwise resolved, the Company will continue to litigate and prepare for trial and to vigorously defend itself in all such matters. Since these matters are still developing, the Company is unable to predict the outcome, but the result of these lawsuits could include excessive monetary verdicts and/or injunctive relief that may affect the Company’s operations. Additional lawsuits regarding the distribution of prescription opioid pain medications have been filed and may continue to be filed by a variety of types of plaintiffs, including lawsuits filed by non-governmental or non-political entities and individuals, among others. The Company is vigorously defending itself in the pending lawsuits and intends to vigorously defend itself against any threatened lawsuits or enforcement proceedings.

Since July 2017, the Company has received subpoenas from several U.S. Attorney’s Offices, including grand jury subpoenas from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of New Jersey ("USAO-NJ") and the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York ("USAO-EDNY"). Those subpoenas requested the production of a broad range of documents pertaining to the Company’s distribution of controlled substances through its various subsidiaries, including ABDC, and its diversion control programs. The Company produced documents in response to the subpoenas and engaged in discussions with the various U.S. Attorney’s Offices, including the Health Care and Government Fraud Unit of the Criminal Division of the USAO-NJ, the U.S. Department of Justice Consumer Protection Branch and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, in an attempt to resolve these matters. On December 29, 2022, the Department of Justice filed a civil complaint (the "Complaint") against the Company, ABDC, and Integrated Commercialization Services, LLC ("ICS"), a subsidiary of the Company, alleging violations of the Controlled Substances Act. Specifically, the Complaint alleges that the Company negligently failed to report suspicious orders to the Drug Enforcement Administration. In the Complaint, the Department of Justice seeks civil penalties and injunctive relief. This Complaint relates to the aforementioned and previously-disclosed investigations. On March 30, 2023, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the Complaint in its entirety on behalf of itself, ABDC, and ICS. On November 6, 2023, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania granted in part and denied in part the motion, dismissing with prejudice all claims for civil penalties for Defendants’ alleged violations of the suspicious order reporting requirement prior to October 24, 2018, but otherwise denying the motion. On December 18, 2023, the Company, ABDC and ICS filed an Answer and Affirmative Defenses to the Complaint. On July 15, 2025, the Court entered an Amended Scheduling Order setting the fact discovery deadline as June 12, 2026 and the expert discovery deadline as January 15, 2027. The Company denies the allegations in the Complaint and intends to defend itself vigorously in the litigation.

On December 30, 2021, the Lebanon County Employees' Retirement Fund and Teamsters Local 443 Health Services & Insurance Plan filed a complaint for a purported derivative action in the Delaware Court of Chancery against the Company and certain of its current officers and directors. The complaint alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty allegedly arising from the Board’s and certain officers' oversight of the Company’s controlled substance diversion control programs. The defendants moved to dismiss the complaint on March 29, 2022. On December 22, 2022, the Delaware Court of Chancery granted the motion to dismiss. On January 9, 2023, the Plaintiffs filed a Motion for Relief from Judgment and Order Pursuant to Rule 60(b) from the Delaware Chancery Court’s judgment. On January 20, 2023, the Plaintiffs also appealed the ruling to the Delaware Supreme Court. On March 21, 2023, the Delaware Court of Chancery denied the Plaintiffs' Motion for Relief from Judgment and Order Pursuant to Rule 60(b). On December 18, 2023, the Delaware Supreme Court reversed the dismissal and remanded the case to the Delaware Court of Chancery for further proceedings. On January 12, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors established a Special Litigation Committee ("SLC") and delegated to the SLC the Board's full authority with respect to the litigation. On March 4, 2024, the Delaware Court of Chancery granted the SLC’s consented-to motion to stay the action pending its investigation of the allegations of the complaint. On July 28, 2025, the SLC notified the Court of Chancery that the parties had reached an agreement in principle to settle all claims in the action following a successful mediation conducted on June 24, 2025, and filed a stipulation to stay the action pending the presentation of a stipulation of settlement for the Court's approval. The Court of Chancery granted the stipulation staying the action on July 29, 2025, and the action remains stayed.

From time to time, the Company receives subpoenas or requests for information from various government agencies relating to the Company’s business or to the business of a customer, supplier, or other industry participant. The Company’s responses often require time and effort and can result in considerable costs being incurred. Most of these matters are resolved without incident; however, such subpoenas or requests can lead to the assertion of claims or the commencement of civil or criminal legal proceedings against the Company and other members of the healthcare industry, as well as to substantial settlements.

In January 2017, U.S. Bioservices Corporation, a former subsidiary of the Company, received a subpoena for information from the USAO-EDNY relating to its activities in connection with billing for products and making returns of potential overpayments to government payers.

A filed qui tam complaint related to the investigation was unsealed in April 2019 and the relator filed an amended complaint under seal in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York. In December 2019, the government filed a notice that it was declining to intervene. The court ordered that the relator's complaint against the Company and other defendants, including AmerisourceBergen Specialty Group, LLC, be unsealed. The relator's complaint alleged violations of the federal False Claims Act and the false claims acts of various states. The relator filed a second amended complaint, removing one state false claims act count. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the second amended complaint and all briefs on the motion were filed with the court on October 9, 2020. The motion to dismiss was granted on December 22, 2022. The False Claims Act claims were dismissed with prejudice, and the state claims were dismissed without prejudice. On January 24, 2023, the relator filed Motions to Reconsider Dismissal and For Leave to Amend the Complaint. Response briefs on those motions were filed by the Company and all briefing was completed on February 15, 2023.

On March 3, 2022, the United States Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Virginia notified the Company of the existence of a criminal investigation into MWI Veterinary Supply Co. ("MWI"), the Company’s animal health subsidiary, in connection with grand jury subpoenas to which MWI previously responded relating to compliance with state and federal regulatory requirements governing wholesale shipments of animal health products to customers. In October 2024, the Company reached an agreement in principle to resolve these claims. While negotiations are still ongoing and no agreement has been finalized, pursuant to the agreement in principle the Company recorded a $49.1 million litigation expense accrual in its fiscal 2024 Consolidated Statement of Operations. This liability is included in Accrued Expenses and Other on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2025.

Numerous lawsuits have been filed against certain brand pharmaceutical manufacturers alleging that the manufacturer, by itself or in concert with others, took improper actions to delay or prevent generic drugs from entering the market. These lawsuits are generally brought as class actions. The Company has not been named as a plaintiff in these lawsuits but has been a member of the direct purchasers' class (i.e., those purchasers who purchase directly from these pharmaceutical manufacturers). None of the lawsuits has gone to trial, but some have settled in the past with the Company receiving proceeds from the settlement funds. The Company recognized gains related to these lawsuits of $9.5 million and $51.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company recognized gains related to these lawsuits of $231.0 million and $108.6 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These gains, which are net of attorney fees and estimated payments due to other parties, were recorded as reductions to cost of goods sold in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The recorded amounts of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 approximate fair value based upon the relatively short-term nature of these financial instruments. Within Cash and Cash Equivalents, the Company had $209.5 million of investments in money market accounts as of June 30, 2025 and had $1,190.0 million of investments in money market accounts as of September 30, 2024. The fair value of the money market accounts was determined based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets, otherwise known as Level 1 inputs.

The recorded amount of long-term debt (see Note 6) and the corresponding fair value as of June 30, 2025 were $8,043.7 million and $7,821.3 million, respectively. The recorded amount of long-term debt and the corresponding fair value as of September 30, 2024 were $3,811.7 million and $3,588.0 million, respectively. The fair value of long-term debt was determined based upon inputs other than quoted prices, otherwise known as Level 2 inputs.

    The Company is organized geographically based upon the products and services it provides to its customers and reports its results under two reportable segments: U.S. Healthcare Solutions and International Healthcare Solutions.

The following illustrates reportable and operating segment disaggregated revenue as required by Accounting Standards Codification 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customer," for the periods indicated:

The following illustrates reportable segment operating income information for the periods indicated:

The following reconciles total segment operating income to income before income taxes for the periods indicated:

Segment operating income is evaluated by the Chief Operating Decision Maker of the Company before gains from antitrust litigation settlements; LIFO credit (expense); Turkey highly inflationary impact; acquisition-related intangibles amortization; litigation and opioid-related expenses, net; acquisition-related deal and integration expenses; and restructuring and other expenses. All corporate office expenses are allocated to the operating segment level.

Litigation and opioid-related expenses, net in the nine months ended June 30, 2024 includes a $214.0 million litigation accrual for ongoing litigation related to the distribution of prescription opioid medications (see Note 9). The nine-month period ended June 30, 2024 also includes a net $92.2 million opioid litigation settlement accrual reduction primarily as a result of the Company's prepayment of the net present value of a future obligation as permitted under its opioid settlement agreements.

Other (income) loss, net in the three months ended June 30, 2025 includes $39.7 million for the Company’s portion of an equity method investment’s gain on the sale of a business, a $27.3 million gain on the remeasurement of an equity investment, and a $26.0 million currency remeasurement gain on the deferred tax assets relating to 2020 Swiss tax reform. Other (income) loss, net in the three months ended June 30, 2024 includes a $13.3 million loss on the remeasurement of an equity investment.

Other (income) loss, net in the nine months ended June 30, 2025 includes $39.7 million for the Company’s portion of an equity method investment’s gain on the sale of a business, a $30.6 million gain on the remeasurement of an equity investment, a $15.7 million currency remeasurement gain on the deferred tax assets relating to 2020 Swiss tax reform, and a $35.5 million loss on the divestiture of non-core businesses. Other (income) loss, net in the nine months ended June 30, 2024 includes a $24.8 million loss on the remeasurement of an equity investment.

In reviewing this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, please note that we face many uncertainties and risks related to various economic, political and regulatory environments in which we operate, both within the U.S. and internationally. Refer to the headings “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2024, as well as the heading “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above for additional information related to our present business environment.

    This executive summary provides highlights from the results of operations that follow:

•Revenue increased by $6.4 billion, or 8.7%, and $22.7 billion, or 10.6%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, due to growth in both reportable segments. The U.S. Healthcare Solutions segment grew its revenue by $5.7 billion, or 8.5%, and $21.5 billion, or 11.1%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, primarily due to overall market growth largely driven by unit volume growth, including increased sales of products labeled for diabetes and/or weight loss in the GLP-1 class of $1.4 billion, or 18.6%, and $6.8 billion, or 34.4%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, and increased sales of specialty products to physician practices and health systems. International Healthcare Solutions' revenue increased by $0.7 billion, or 10.5%, and $1.2 billion, or 5.5%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively.

•Gross profit increased by $496.3 million, or 20.6%, and $1,107.4 million, or 14.9%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively. The increase in gross profit from the prior year quarter is primarily due to the increase in gross profit in both reportable segments and a last-in, first-out ("LIFO") credit in the current year quarter in comparison to LIFO expense in the prior year quarter, offset in part by lower gains from antitrust litigation settlements. The increase in gross profit from the prior year nine-month period is primarily due to the increase in gross profit in the U.S. Healthcare Solutions reportable segment and larger gains from antitrust litigation settlements, offset in part by a lower LIFO credit in the current year period and a decrease in gross profit in the International Healthcare Solutions reportable segment. U.S. Healthcare Solutions' gross profit increased by $483.9 million, or 31.3%, and $1,039.4 million, or 21.7%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, driven by increased sales and the January 2025 acquisition of RCA. International Healthcare Solutions' gross profit increased by $6.6 million, or 0.8%, from the prior year quarter and decreased $15.5 million, or 0.6%, from the prior year nine-month period.

•Total operating expenses increased by $301.2 million, or 17.3%, and $545.9 million, or 10.2%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, primarily due to the January 2025 acquisition of RCA and the increase in acquisition-related deal and integration expenses, offset in part by a large decrease in litigation and opioid-related expenses in the current year nine-month period.

•Total segment operating income increased by $180.6 million, or 20.6%, and $402.7 million, or 14.4%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively. U.S. Healthcare Solutions' operating income increased by $203.5 million, or 29.1%, and $464.8 million, or 20.8%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, in part due to the January 2025 acquisition of RCA. International Healthcare Solutions' operating income decreased by $23.2 million, or 12.9%, and $62.1 million, or 11.1%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively.

•Our effective tax rates were 23.0% and 22.3% for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 respectively. Our effective tax rates were 22.4% and 19.5% for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2024 benefited from discrete tax benefits associated with foreign valuation allowance adjustments.

Our future revenue growth will continue to be affected by various factors, such as industry growth trends, including drug utilization (e.g., products labeled for diabetes and/or weight loss in the GLP-1 class), the introduction of new, innovative brand therapies and vaccines, the likely increase in the number of generic drugs and biosimilars that will be available over the next few years as a result of the expiration of certain drug patents held by brand-name pharmaceutical manufacturers and the rate of conversion from brand products to those generic drugs and biosimilars, price inflation and price deflation, general economic conditions in the United States and Europe, currency exchange rates, competition within the industry, customer consolidation, changes in pharmaceutical manufacturer pricing and distribution policies and practices, increased downward pressure on government and other third-party reimbursement rates to our customers, and changes in government rules and regulations.

Revenue increased by $6.4 billion, or 8.7%, and $22.7 billion, or 10.6%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, due to growth in both reportable segments.

The U.S. Healthcare Solutions segment grew its revenue by $5.7 billion, or 8.5%, and $21.5 billion, or 11.1%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, primarily due to overall market growth largely driven by unit volume growth, including increased sales of products labeled for diabetes and/or weight loss in the GLP-1 class of $1.4 billion, or 18.6%, and $6.8 billion, or 34.4%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, and increased sales of specialty products to physician practices and health systems. Sales, including GLP-1 products, to our two largest customers increased by $1.4 billion and $5.6 billion from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively.

International Healthcare Solutions' revenue increased by $0.7 billion, or 10.5%, and $1.2 billion, or 5.5%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, primarily due to increased sales at our European distribution business of $0.6 billion and $0.9 billion from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively.

A number of our contracts with customers, including group purchasing organizations, are typically subject to expiration each year. We may lose a key customer if an existing contract with such customer expires without being extended, renewed, or replaced. As previously disclosed, we received a notice of non-renewal from an oncology customer, and in June 2025, our sales contract with that customer was terminated. Over the next twelve months, there are no key contracts scheduled to expire. Additionally, from time to time, key contracts may be terminated in accordance with their terms or extended, renewed, or replaced prior to their expiration dates. If those contracts are extended, renewed, or replaced at less favorable terms, they may also negatively impact our revenue, results of operations, and cash flows.

    Gross profit increased by $496.3 million, or 20.6%, and $1,107.4 million, or 14.9%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively. The increase in gross profit from the prior year quarter is primarily due to the increase in gross profit in both reportable segments and a LIFO credit in the current year quarter in comparison to LIFO expense in the prior year quarter, offset in part by lower gains from antitrust litigation settlements. The increase in gross profit from the prior year nine-month period is primarily due to the increase in gross profit in the U.S. Healthcare Solutions reportable segment and larger gains from antitrust litigation settlements, offset in part by a lower LIFO credit and a decrease in gross profit in the International Healthcare Solutions reportable segment.

U.S. Healthcare Solutions' gross profit increased by $483.9 million, or 31.3%, and $1,039.4 million, or 21.7%, from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, primarily due to increased sales and the January 2025 acquisition of RCA. As a percentage of revenue, U.S. Healthcare Solutions' gross profit margins were 2.79% and 2.71% in the current year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, and represent increases of 49 basis points and 23 basis points from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively. The current year quarter increase of 49 basis points was primarily due to the January 2025 acquisition of RCA. The current year nine-month period increase of 23 basis points was primarily due to the January 2025 acquisition of RCA, offset in part by higher sales of GLP-1 products, which have lower gross profit margins, and lower sales of COVID vaccines, which have higher gross profit margins.

International Healthcare Solutions' gross profit increased by $6.6 million, or 0.8%, from the prior year quarter and decreased $15.5 million, or 0.6%, from the prior year nine-month period. The increase in the current year quarter is primarily due to the increase in gross profit at our European distribution business, offset in part by a decrease in gross profit at our global specialty logistics business. The decrease in the current year nine-month period is primarily due to a decline in gross profit at our global specialty logistics business, offset in part by an increase in gross profit at our European distribution business.

We recognized gains from antitrust litigation settlements with pharmaceutical manufacturers of $9.5 million and $51.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $231.0 million and $108.6 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The gains were recorded as reductions to Cost of Goods Sold (see Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).

Our cost of goods sold for interim periods includes a LIFO provision that is recorded ratably on a quarterly basis and is based on our estimated annual LIFO provision. The annual LIFO provision, which we estimate on a quarterly basis, is affected by manufacturer pricing practices, which may be impacted by market and other external influences, expected changes in inventory quantities, and product mix, many of which are difficult to predict. Changes to any of the above factors may have a material impact on our annual LIFO provision. Based on estimates in our current fiscal year LIFO provision, the LIFO credit in the current year nine-month period is lower than the LIFO credit in the prior year nine-month period primarily due to slightly higher brand pharmaceutical inflation, offset in part by higher generic pharmaceutical deflation.

We recognized expense in Cost of Goods Sold of $14.8 million and $3.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $36.4 million and $43.9 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to the impact of Turkey highly inflationary accounting driven by the continued weakening of the Turkish Lira.

Distribution, selling, and administrative expenses increased by $289.7 million, or 20.9%, and $574.2 million, or 13.8%, compared to the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, primarily due to the January 2025 acquisition of RCA and to support our revenue growth. As a percentage of revenue, distribution, selling, and administrative expenses were 2.07% and 2.00% in the current year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, and represent increases of 21 basis points and 6 basis points compared to the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, primarily due to the January 2025 acquisition of RCA, offset in part by our improved operating leverage from our 8.7% and 10.6% revenue growth from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively.

Depreciation expense increased 18.7% and 13.9% from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively, and amortization expense decreased 23.6% and 13.5% from the prior year quarter and nine-month period, respectively. The decline in amortization expense is due to certain tradenames becoming fully amortized in connection with our company name change to Cencora and the gradual transition away from other tradenames used, which were acquired through prior acquisitions.

Litigation and opioid-related expenses, net in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and in the nine months ended June 30, 2025 included legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations. Litigation and opioid-related expenses, net in the nine months ended June 30, 2024 included a $214.0 million litigation accrual for ongoing litigation related to the distribution of prescription opioid medications and $39.7 million of legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations, offset in part by a net $92.2 million opioid litigation settlement accrual reduction primarily as a result of our prepayment of the net present value of a future obligation as permitted under our opioid settlement agreements.

Acquisition-related deal and integration expenses in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 primarily included costs related to the acquisition of RCA, including expenses related to equity units retained by RCA physicians and members of management of $37.5 million and $74.9 million in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, respectively (see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), and the continued integration of PharmaLex. Acquisition-related deal and integration expenses in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024 primarily related to the integration of Alliance Healthcare and PharmaLex.

Restructuring and other expenses are comprised of the following:

Restructuring and employee severance costs in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 primarily included workforce reductions in both of our reportable segments. Restructuring and employee severance costs in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024 primarily included expenses incurred related to facility closures in connection with our office optimization plan and workforce reductions in both of our reportable segments.

Business transformation efforts in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 included rebranding costs associated with our name change to Cencora and non-recurring expenses related to significant strategic initiatives to improve operational efficiency, including certain technology initiatives.

The majority of these costs are related to services provided by third-party consultants.

In February 2024, we experienced a cybersecurity event where data from our information systems was exfiltrated. In connection with this event, we incurred costs that were recorded in Other, net in the above table. The majority of the costs included in Other, net in the nine months ended June 30, 2024 related to this cybersecurity event.