Exhibit 3.1 

COMPANY NUMBER: 12446913

COMPANIES ACT 2006

A PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

of

ROYALTY PHARMA PLC

(adopted by a special resolution passed on 12 May 2025)

CONTENTS

COMPANY NUMBER: 12446913

COMPANIES ACT 2006

A PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

of

Royalty Pharma plc

(adopted by special resolution passed on 12 May 2025)

PRELIMINARY

Model Articles

1   This document comprises the Articles of Association of Royalty Pharma plc (the “Company”) and no regulations set out in any statute or statutory instrument concerning companies (including the Companies (Model Articles) Regulation 2008 (SI 2008/3229)) shall apply as Articles of Association of the Company.

Definitions

2   In these Articles, except where the subject or context otherwise requires:

A Shares means the voting class A ordinary shares of US$0.0001 each in the capital of the Company, identified in Article ‎6 and with the rights set out therein and in these Articles generally;

Act means the Companies Act 2006, including any modification or re-enactment of it for the time being in force;

address means in relation to electronic communications, any number or address (including, in the case of any Uncertificated Proxy Instruction permitted in accordance with these Articles, an identification number of a participant in the Relevant System concerned) used for the purposes of such communications; Business Day means any day except (i) a Saturday, (ii) a Sunday, (iii) any day on which the principal office of the Company is not open for business, and (iv) any other day on which commercial banks in New York, New York or in the United Kingdom are authorised or obligated by law or executive order to close;

Articles means these articles of association, as amended from time to time and “Article” shall be construed accordingly;

auditors means the auditors for the time being of the Company;

B Shares means the voting class B ordinary shares of US$0.000001 each in the capital of the Company, identified in Article ‎7 and with the rights set out therein and in these Articles generally;

Board means the board of directors of the Company, as constituted from time to time;

Certificated Share means a Share which is held in physical certificated form and references in these Articles to a Share being held in certificated form shall be construed accordingly;

clear days means, in relation to the sending of a notice, the period excluding the day on which a notice is given or deemed to be given and the day for which it is given or on which it is to take effect;

Company’s website means the website, operated or controlled by the Company, which contains information about the Company in accordance with the Statutes;

default shares has the meaning given in Article ‎125(a);

Deferred Shares means the deferred shares in the capital of the Company identified in Article ‎10 and with the rights set out therein and in these Articles generally;

Depositary means any depositary, custodian or nominee approved by the Board that holds legal title to Shares for the purposes of facilitating beneficial ownership of such Shares by another individual or individuals;

Derivative Instrument has the meaning given in Article ‎117(a)(ii)(B);

direction notice has the meaning given in Article ‎125;

director means a director of the Company for the time being, and includes any person occupying the position of director, by whatever name called;

dividend means dividend or bonus;

EEA State means a state within the European Economic Area;

electronic communication has the same meaning as provided in section 15 of the Electronic Communications Act;

Electronic Communications Act means the Electronic Communications Act 2000 (as amended from time to time);

electronic form means in a form specified by section 1168(3) of the Act and otherwise complying with the provisions of that section;

electronic general meeting has the meaning given in Article ‎90;

entitled by transmission means, in relation to a Share, entitled as a consequence of the death or bankruptcy of the holder or otherwise by operation of law;

Exchange has the meaning give in Article ‎19;

Exchange Act means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder;

Group Company has the meaning given in Article ‎208;

Group Company Interest has the meaning given in Article ‎208;

holder means, in relation to a Share, the member whose name is entered in the Register as the holder of that Share;

Interested Director has the meaning given in Article ‎207;

member means a member of the Company;

member default shares shall have the meaning given in Article ‎118;

Nasdaq means Nasdaq Global Select Market (or other similar national quotation system of the Nasdaq Stock Market);

Office means the registered office for the time being of the Company;

Operator means a person approved under the Regulations as operator of a Relevant System;

ordinary resolution has the meaning given in section 282 of the Act;

Other Interests has the meaning given in Article ‎117(a)(ii)(D);

paid means paid or credited as paid;

Preference Shares has the meaning given in Article ‎9;

public announcement means disclosure in a press release reported by Reuters, the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or a comparable news service of other method of public announcement as the Board may deem appropriate in the circumstances or, where applicable, in a document publicly filed by the Company with the SEC pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; Relevant Class has the meaning given in Article ‎35;

R Shares means the redeemable ordinary shares of £1.00 each in the capital of the Company;

Register means the register of members of the Company;

Regulations means the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001 (SI 2001/3755) (as amended and replaced from time to time and any subordinate legislation and rules made under them for the time being in force);

Relevant Share Capital has the meaning given in Article ‎136(a);

Relevant System means any computer based system, and procedures, permitted by the Regulations, which enables title in units of a security to be evidenced and transferred without a written instrument and which facilitate supplementary and incidental matters;

Retiring Directors has the meaning given in Article ‎169;

Rights has the meaning given in Article ‎17;

Rights Plan has the meaning given in Article ‎16;

seal means the common seal (if any) of the Company and includes any official seal (if any) kept by the Company by virtue of section 49 or 50 of the Act;

SEC means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission;

secretary means the secretary of the Company and includes a joint, assistant, deputy or temporary secretary and any other person appointed to perform the duties of the secretary of the Company;

section 793 notice has the meaning given in Article ‎125;

Securities Act means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder;

Shareholder Associated Person has the meaning given in Article ‎117;

Shareholder Information means notices, documentation or information which the Company wishes or is required to communicate to members including, without limitation, annual reports and accounts, interim financial statements, summary financial statements, notices of meeting and proxy forms;

Shares means shares of any class in the capital of the Company and Share shall be construed accordingly;

Situational Conflict has the meaning given in Article ‎207;

special resolution has the meaning given to it in section 283 of the Act;

Statutes means the Act and every other statute (including any orders, regulations or other subordinate legislation made under them) for the time being in force concerning companies and affecting the Company (including, without limitation, the Regulations and the Electronic Communications Act);

Sterling or £ means the lawful currency of the United Kingdom; Uncertificated Proxy Instruction means a properly authenticated dematerialised instruction, and/or other instruction or notification, which is sent by means of the Relevant System concerned and received by such participant in that system acting on behalf of the Company as the directors may prescribe, in such form and subject to such terms and conditions as may from time to time be prescribed by the directors (subject always to the facilities and requirements of the Relevant System concerned);

Uncertificated Share means in relation to any Share or other security of the Company, that title to it is evidenced and may be transferred by means of a Relevant System;

United Kingdom means Great Britain and Northern Ireland;

US Dollars or $ means the lawful currency of the United States of America;

Voting Agreement has the meaning given in Article ‎117(a)(ii)(C);

Voting Commitment has the meaning given in Article 117(A)(i);

Voting Shares means the A Shares and B Shares; and

website communication means the publication of a notice or other Shareholder Information on the Company’s website in accordance with Part 4 of Schedule 5 to the Act.

Construction

3   References to a document or information being sent, supplied or given to or by a person mean such document or information, or a copy of such document or information, being sent, supplied, given, delivered, issued or made available to or by, or served on or by, or deposited with or by that person by any method authorised by these Articles, and sending, supplying and giving shall be construed accordingly.

References to outstanding Shares in the Company shall not include Shares held by the Company in treasury.

References to electronic platforms include, without limitation, website addresses and conference call systems, and references to persons attending meetings by electronic means means attendance at electronic general meetings via the electronic platform(s) stated in the notice of such meeting.

References to writing mean the representation or reproduction of words, symbols or other information in a visible form by any method or combination of methods, whether in electronic form or otherwise, and written shall be construed accordingly.

Words denoting the singular number include the plural number and vice versa, words denoting the masculine gender include the feminine gender and vice versa, and words denoting persons include bodies corporate (wherever resident or domiciled) and unincorporated bodies of persons.

Words or expressions contained in these Articles which are not defined in Article ‎2 but are defined in the Statutes have the same meaning as in the Statutes (but excluding any modification of the Statutes not in force at the date these Articles took effect) unless inconsistent with the subject or context.

Subject to the preceding two paragraphs, references to any provision of any enactment or of any subordinate legislation (as defined by section 21(1) of the Interpretation Act 1978) include any modification or re-enactment of that provision for the time being in force.

Any words following the terms “including”, “include”, “in particular” or any similar expression shall be construed as illustrative and shall not limit the sense of the words, description, definition , phrase or term preceding those terms.

References to “other” and “otherwise” shall not be construed ejusdem generis where a wider construction is possible.

A reference in these Articles to a holder or holder(s) of any class of Shares, as the case may be, shall in each case, be deemed to exclude the Company in relation to any Shares in treasury.

Headings are inserted for convenience only and do not affect the construction of these Articles.

In these Articles, (a) powers of delegation shall not be restrictively construed but the widest interpretation shall be given to them; (b) the word Board in the context of the exercise of any power contained in these Articles includes any committee consisting of one or more directors, any director, any other officer of the Company and any local or divisional board, manager or agent of the Company to which or, as the case may be, to whom the power in question has been delegated; and (c) except where expressly provided by the terms of delegation, the delegation of a power shall not exclude the concurrent exercise of that power by any other body or person who is for the time being authorised to exercise it under these Articles or under another delegation of the power.

SHARE CAPITAL AND LIMITED LIABILITY

Limited Liability

4   The liability of the members is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on the Shares held by them.

Share Capital

5   Except as otherwise provided in these Articles, the A Shares, the B Shares, the R Shares, the Deferred Shares and any class of Preferred Shares issued by the Company shall each constitute a separate class of Shares.

6   The A Shares shall carry the following rights:

Company remaining for distribution to the holders of the A Shares, subject to the provisions of Articles ‎7(c) and ‎10(c) below.

7   The B Shares shall carry the following rights:

8   The R Shares shall carry the following rights:

9 The Company may issue preference shares (Preference Shares), which Preference Shares shall be denominated in US Dollars with a nominal value to be determined by the Board. Preference Shares may be issued in one or more classes or series with or without voting rights attached to them, with the Board to determine the existence of such voting rights and, if any, the ranking of such voting rights in relation to the other Shares in the capital of the Company. The Board may determine any other terms and conditions of any class of Preference Shares, including with regards to their rights (i) to receive dividends (which may include, without limitation, the right to receive preferential or cumulative dividends), (ii) to distributions made by the Company on a winding up; and (iii) to be convertible into, or exchangeable for, shares of any other class or classes or of any other series of the same or any other class or classes of shares, at such prices or prices or at such rates of exchange and with such adjustments as may be determined by the Board. Preference Shares may be issued as redeemable shares, at the option of the Board.

10   The Deferred Shares shall carry the following rights:

holders of the Deferred Shares. No amendment to, or replacement of, the articles of association of the Company shall constitute a variation of rights attaching to the Deferred Shares for any purposes. To the extent that there is any conflict between the provisions of this Article ‎10(f) and any other provision of these Articles, the provisions of this Article ‎10(f) shall prevail.

Shares with special rights

11   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, and without prejudice to any rights attached to any existing Shares or class of Shares, any Share may be issued with such preferred, deferred or other special rights or subject to such restrictions (whether in regard to dividends, return of capital, voting or otherwise) as the Company may by ordinary resolution determine or, subject to and in the absence of such determination, as the Board shall determine.

Redesignation of B Shares

12   The B Shares shall be redesignated in the following circumstances:

Uncertificated Shares

13   Subject to the provisions of the Regulations, and without prejudice to any powers which the Company or the Board may have to issue, allot, dispose of, convert or otherwise deal with or make arrangements in relation to Shares and other securities in any form:

No separate class of Shares

14   Shares that fall within a certain class shall not form a separate class of Shares from other Shares in that class because any Share in that class is held in uncertificated form.

Exercise of Company’s entitlements in respect of Uncertificated Shares

15   Where the Company is entitled under any provision of the Statutes or these Articles to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, forfeit, re-allot, accept the surrender of, or otherwise enforce a lien over, a Share held in uncertificated form, the Company shall be entitled, subject to the provisions of the Statutes and these Articles and the facilities and requirements of the Relevant System:

Rights Plan

16   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, the Board may exercise any power of the Company to establish a shareholder rights plan (a Rights Plan), including the execution of any document relating to the adoption and/or implementation (or both) of the Rights Plan. The Rights Plan may be in such form as the Board shall in its absolute discretion decide and may in particular (but without restriction or limitation) include such terms as are described in the Summary of Example Terms in the form appearing in the Appendix to these Articles.

17   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, the Board may exercise any power of the Company to grant rights to subscribe for Shares of the Company and/or to acquire Shares of the Company, in accordance with the Rights Plan (the Rights).

18   The purposes for which the Board shall be entitled to establish the Rights Plan and to grant Rights in accordance therewith, as provided in Articles ‎‎16 and ‎‎17, shall include (without limitation) the following where, in the opinion of the majority of the Board present at a duly convened meeting, acting in good faith and on such grounds as the Board shall consider reasonable, irrespective of whether such grounds would be considered reasonable by any other party with or without the benefit of hindsight, to do so would improve the likelihood that:

or all or any of the above.

19   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, the Board may determine not to redeem the Rights and accordingly exercise any power of the Company to:

in each case other than the Rights of an Acquiring Person, for Shares (an Exchange) in each case in accordance with the Rights Plan. The purposes for which the Board shall be entitled not to redeem the Rights, and accordingly to exercise any power of the Company to allot Shares or effect an Exchange, shall include (without limitation) the following where, in the opinion of the majority of the Board members present at a duly convened meeting, acting in good faith and on such grounds as the Board shall consider reasonable, irrespective of whether such grounds would be considered reasonable by any other party with or without the benefit of hindsight, not to redeem the Rights and accordingly to exercise any power of the Company to effect an Exchange or to allot Shares, would improve the likelihood that:

or all or any of the above.

20   For the purposes of Articles ‎ ‎16 to ‎‎19:

clearance services or a nominee of such person.

AUTHORITY TO ALLOT SHARES AND DISAPPLICATION OF PRE-EMPTION RIGHTS

Power to allot Shares

21   The Board has general and unconditional authority to exercise all the powers of the Company to allot Shares in the Company or to grant rights to subscribe for or to convert any security into Shares in the Company up to an aggregate nominal amount equal to the section 551 amount, for each prescribed 551 period.

Disapplication of pre-emption rights

22   The Board is empowered for each prescribed 561 period to allot equity securities for cash pursuant to the authority conferred by Article ‎21 as if section 561 of the Act did not apply to any such allotment, provided that its power shall be limited to the allotment of equity securities up to an aggregate nominal amount equal to the section 561 amount.

This Article ‎22 applies in relation to a sale of Shares which is an allotment of equity securities by virtue of section 560(3) of the Act as if in this Article ‎22 the words “pursuant to the authority conferred by Article ‎21” were omitted.

Offer or agreement to allot

23   The Company may make an offer or agreement which would or might require Shares to be allotted, or rights to subscribe for or convert any security into Shares to be granted, after an authority given pursuant to Article ‎21 or a power given pursuant to Article ‎22 has expired. The Board may allot Shares, or grant rights to subscribe for or convert any security into Shares, in pursuance of that offer or agreement as if the authority or power pursuant to which that offer or agreement was made had not expired.

Interpretation

24   In this Article ‎24 and Articles ‎21, ‎22 and ‎23:

prescribed 551 period means any period for which the authority conferred by Article ‎21 is given by ordinary or special resolution stating the section 551 amount (which may be the same as the prescribed 561 period);

prescribed 561 period means any period for which the power conferred by Article ‎22 is given by special resolution stating the section 561 amount (which may be the same as the prescribed 551 period);

section 551 amount means, for any prescribed 551 period, the amount stated as such in the relevant resolution; and

section 561 amount means, for any prescribed 561 period, the amount stated as such in the relevant special resolution.

25 Subject to the provisions of the Statutes relating to authority, pre-emption rights or otherwise and of any resolution of the Company in general meeting passed pursuant to those provisions, and, in the case of redeemable Shares, the provisions of Article ‎26, all Shares for the time being in the share capital of the Company (whether forming part of the original or any increased capital) and all (if any) Shares in the Company lawfully held by or on behalf of it shall be at the disposal of the Board which may reclassify, allot (with or without conferring a right of renunciation), grant options over, or otherwise dispose of them to such persons, on such terms and conditions and at such times as it thinks fit.

26   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, and without prejudice to any rights attached to any existing Shares or class of Shares, Shares may be issued which are to be redeemed or are to be liable to be redeemed at the option of the Company or the holder. The Board may determine the terms, conditions and manner of redemption of Shares, provided that it does so before the Shares are allotted.

Commissions

27   The Company may exercise all powers of paying commissions or brokerage conferred or permitted by the Statutes. Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, any such commission or brokerage may be satisfied by the payment of cash or by the allotment of fully or partly paid Shares or partly in one way and partly in the other and may be in respect of a conditional or an absolute subscription.

Trusts not recognised

28   Except as required by law, the Company shall recognise no person as holding any Share on any trust and (except as otherwise provided by these Articles or by law) the Company shall not be bound by or required in any way to recognise any interest in any Share (or in any fractional part of a Share) except the holder’s absolute right to the entirety of the Share (or fractional part of the Share).

VARIATION OF RIGHTS

Method of varying rights

29   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, if at any time the share capital of the Company is divided into different classes of Shares, all or any of the rights attached to any existing class may (unless otherwise provided by the terms of allotment of the Shares of that class) be varied or abrogated, whether or not the Company is being wound up:

but not otherwise.

30   Subject to Article 29, where there are two (2) or more classes of Shares, every decision by general meeting shall be subject to a separate vote by each class of shareholders whose class rights are affected thereby.

When rights are deemed to be varied

31   For the purposes of Article ‎29, if at any time the share capital of the Company is divided into different classes of Shares, unless otherwise expressly provided by the rights attached to any Share or class of Shares, those rights shall be deemed to be varied, save in respect of the Deferred Shares, by:

but shall not be deemed to be varied by:

32   Subject to the terms on which any Shares may be issued, the rights or privileges attached to any class of Shares shall be deemed not to be varied or abrogated by the creation or issue of any new Shares ranking pari passu in substantially all respects (save as to the date from which such new Shares shall rank for dividend) with or subsequent to any Shares already issued or by any purchase by the Company of its own Shares.

SHARES IN UNCERTIFICATED FORM

Power to use a Relevant System

33 The directors shall have power to implement such arrangements as they may, in their absolute discretion, deem fit in order for any class of Shares to be a participating security (subject always to the Regulations and the facilities and requirements of the Relevant System concerned). Where they do so, Articles ‎34 and ‎35 shall come into effect immediately prior to the time at which the Operator of the Relevant System concerned permits the class of Shares concerned to be a participating security.

Effect of the Regulations

34   In relation to any class of Shares which is, for the time being, a participating security, and for so long as such class remains a participating security, no provision of these Articles shall apply or have effect to the extent that it is in any respect inconsistent with:

and, without prejudice to the generality of this Article ‎34, no provision of these Articles shall apply or have effect to the extent that it is in any respect inconsistent with the maintenance, keeping or entering by the Operator, so long as that is permitted or required by the Regulations, of an Operator register of securities in respect of Shares of that class in uncertificated form.

35   Without prejudice to the generality of Article ‎34 and notwithstanding anything contained in these Articles where any class of Shares is, for the time being, a participating security (such class being referred to in these Articles as the Relevant Class):

Disposal, forfeiture and surrender of Uncertificated Shares

36   If, under these Articles or the Statutes, the Company is entitled to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, forfeit, re-allot, accept the surrender of or otherwise enforce a lien over an Uncertificated Share then, subject to these Articles and the Statutes, such entitlement shall include the right of the Board to:

Register of Uncertificated Securities

37   The Company shall be entitled to assume that the entries of any record of securities maintained by it in accordance with the Regulations and regularly reconciled with the relevant register of securities held by the Operator are a complete and accurate reproduction of the particulars entered into the register of securities held by the Operator and shall accordingly not be liable in respect of any act or thing done or omitted to be done by or on behalf of the Company in reliance upon such assumption, and, in particular, any provision of these Articles which requires or envisages that action will be taken in reliance on information contained in the Register shall be construed to permit that action to be taken in reliance on information contained in any relevant register of securities (as so maintained and reconciled).

SHARE CERTIFICATES

Members’ right to certificates

38   Subject to these Articles and the provisions of the Regulations, every member (except a person in respect of whom the Company is not by law required to complete and have ready for delivery a certificate), on becoming the holder of a Share shall be entitled, except as provided by the Statutes, without payment, to have issued to him within two months after allotment or lodgement of a transfer (unless the terms of the issue of Shares provide otherwise) to one certificate for all the Certificated Shares of each class held by him (and, on transferring a part of his holding of Certificated Shares of any class, to a certificate for the balance of his holding of Certificated Shares). Each member may elect to receive one or more additional certificates for any of his Certificated Shares if he pays a reasonable sum determined from time to time by the Board for every certificate after the first.

39   Every certificate shall:

40   The Board may by resolution decide, either generally or in particular case or cases, that any signatures on any certificates for Shares or any other form of security issued at any time by the Company need not be autographic but may be applied to the certificates by some mechanical means or may be printed on them or that the certificates need not be signed by any person.

41   The Company shall not be bound to issue more than one certificate for Certificated Shares held jointly by more than one person and delivery of a certificate to one joint holder shall be a sufficient delivery to all of them and seniority shall be determined in accordance with Article ‎122. Shares of different classes may not be included in the same certificate.

Replacement Certificates

42   If a share certificate is defaced, worn out, lost or destroyed, it may be renewed on such terms (if any) as to evidence and indemnity and payment of any exceptional out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in investigating evidence and preparing the requisite form of indemnity as the Board may determine but otherwise free of charge, and (in the case of defacement or wearing out) on delivery up of the old certificate to the Company.

LIEN

Company to have a lien on Shares

43   The Company shall have a first and paramount lien on every Share (not being a fully paid Share) for all monies payable to the Company (whether presently or not) in respect of that Share. The Board may at any time (generally or in a particular case) waive any lien or declare any Share to be wholly or in part exempt from the provisions of this Article ‎43. The Company’s lien on a Share shall extend to any amount (including, without limitation, dividends) payable in respect of it.

Enforcement by sale

44   The Company may sell, in such manner as the Board determines, any Share on which the Company has a lien if a sum in respect of which the lien exists is presently payable and is not paid within fourteen (14) clear days after notice in writing has been sent to the holder of the Share in question, or to the person entitled to it by transmission, demanding payment of the sum presently payable and stating that if the notice is not complied with the Share may be sold.

Giving effect to sale

45 To give effect to any such sale, the Board may, if the Share is a Certificated Share, authorise such person as it directs to execute an instrument of transfer in respect of the Share sold to, or in accordance with the directions of, the buyer. If the Share is an Uncertificated Share, the Board may, to enable the Company to deal with the Share in accordance with the provisions of this Article ‎45, exercise any of the powers of the Company under Article ‎15 to effect the sale of the Share to, or in accordance with the directions of, the buyer. The buyer shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money and his title to the Share shall not be affected by any irregularity in or invalidity of the proceedings in relation to the sale.

Application of proceeds

46   The net proceeds of the sale, after payment of the costs, shall be applied in or towards payment or satisfaction of so much of the sum in respect of which the lien exists as is presently payable. Any residue shall (if the Share sold is a Certificated Share, on surrender to the Company for cancellation of the certificate in respect of the Share sold and, whether the Share sold is a Certificated Share or an Uncertificated Share, subject to a like lien for any monies not presently payable as existed on the Share before the sale) be paid to the person entitled to the Share at the date of the sale.

CALLS ON SHARES

Power to make calls

47   Subject to the terms of allotment of any Shares, the Board may from time to time make calls on the members in respect of any monies unpaid on their Shares (whether in respect of nominal value or premium). Each member shall (subject to receiving at least fourteen (14) clear days’ notice specifying when and where payment is to be made) pay to the Company the amount called on his Shares as required by the notice. A call may be required to be paid by instalments. A call may, before receipt by the Company of an amount due under it, be revoked in whole or part and the time fixed for payment of a call may be postponed in whole or part as the Board may determine. A person on whom a call is made shall remain liable for calls made on him even if the Shares in respect of which the call was made are subsequently transferred.

Time when call made

48   A call shall be deemed to have been made at the time when the resolution of the Board authorising the call was passed.

Liability of joint holders

49   The joint holders of a Share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls in respect of it.

Interest payable

50   If a call or any instalment of a call remains unpaid in whole or in part after it has become due and payable the person from whom it is due and payable shall pay interest on the amount unpaid from the day it became due and payable until it is actually paid. Interest shall be paid at the rate fixed by the terms of allotment of the Share or in the notice of the call or, if no rate is fixed, the rate determined by the Board, not exceeding fifteen (15) per cent per annum, or, if higher, the appropriate rate (as defined in the Act), but the Board may in respect of any individual member waive payment of such interest wholly or in part. No dividend or other payment or distribution in respect of any such Share shall be paid or distributed and no other rights which would otherwise normally be exercisable in accordance with these Articles may be exercised by a holder of any such Share so long as any such sum or any interest or expenses payable in accordance with this Article ‎50 in relation thereto remains due.

Deemed calls

51   An amount payable in respect of a Share on allotment or at any fixed date, whether in respect of nominal value or premium or as an instalment of a call, shall be deemed to be a call duly made and notified and payable on the date so fixed or in accordance with the terms of the allotment. If it is not paid, the provisions of these Articles shall apply as if that amount had become due and payable by virtue of a call duly made and notified.

Differentiation on calls

52   Subject to the terms of allotment, the Board may make arrangements on the issue of Shares for a difference between the allottees or holders in the amounts and times of payment of calls on their Shares.

Payment of calls in advance

53   The Board may, if it thinks fit, receive from any member all or any part of the monies uncalled and unpaid on any Share held by him. Such payment in advance of calls shall extinguish the liability on the Share in respect of which it is made to the extent of the payment. The Company may pay on all or any of the monies so advanced (until they would but for such advance become presently payable) interest at such rate agreed between the Board and the member not exceeding (unless the Company by ordinary resolution otherwise directs) fifteen (15) per cent per annum or, if higher, the appropriate rate (as defined in the Act).

FORFEITURE AND SURRENDER

Notice requiring payment of call

54   If a call or any instalment of a call remains unpaid in whole or in part after it has become due and payable, the Board may, at any time thereafter during such time as any part of such call or instalment remains unpaid, give the person from whom it is due not less than fourteen (14) clear days’ notice requiring payment of the amount unpaid together with any interest which may have accrued and any costs, charges and expenses incurred by the Company by reason of such non-payment. The notice shall name the place where payment is to be made and shall state that if the notice is not complied with the Shares in respect of which the call was made will be liable to be forfeited.

Forfeiture for non-compliance

55   If that notice is not complied with, any Share in respect of which it was sent may, at any time before the payment required by the notice has been made, be forfeited by a resolution of the Board to that effect. The forfeiture shall include all dividends or other monies payable in respect of the forfeited Share which have not been paid before the forfeiture. When a Share has been forfeited, notice of the forfeiture shall be sent to the person who was the holder of the Share before the forfeiture. An entry shall be made promptly in the Register opposite the entry of the Share showing that notice has been sent, that the Share has been forfeited and the date of forfeiture, which shall be deemed to occur at the time of the passing of the relevant Board resolution. No forfeiture shall be invalidated by the omission or neglect to send that notice or to make those entries.

Sale of forfeited Shares

56   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, a forfeited Share shall be deemed to be the property of the Company and may be sold, re-allotted or otherwise disposed of on such terms and in such manner as the Board determines, either to the person who was the holder before the forfeiture or to any other person. At any time before sale, re-allotment or other disposal, the forfeiture may be cancelled on such terms as the Board thinks fit. Where for the purposes of its disposal a forfeited Certificated Share is to be transferred to any person, the Board may authorise any person to execute an instrument of transfer of the Share to that person. Where for the purposes of its disposal a forfeited Share held in uncertificated form is to be transferred to any person, the Board may exercise any of the powers of the Company under Article ‎15. The Company may receive the consideration given for the Share on its disposal and may register the transferee as holder of the Share.

Liability following forfeiture

57   A person, any of whose Shares have been forfeited or surrendered, shall cease to be a member in respect of any Share which has been forfeited and shall, if the Share is held in certificated form, surrender the certificate for any forfeited Share to the Company for cancellation. The person shall remain liable to the Company for all monies which at the date of forfeiture were presently payable by him to the Company in respect of that Share with interest on that amount at the rate at which interest was payable on those monies before the forfeiture or, if no interest was so payable, at the rate determined by the Board, not exceeding fifteen (15) per cent per annum or, if higher, the appropriate rate (as defined in the Act), from the date of forfeiture until payment. The Board may waive payment wholly or in part or enforce payment without any allowance for the value of the Share at the time of forfeiture or for any consideration received on its disposal.

Surrender

58   The Board may accept the surrender of any Share which it is in a position to forfeit on such terms and conditions as may be agreed. Subject to those terms and conditions, a surrendered Share shall be treated as if it had been forfeited.

Extinction of rights

59   The forfeiture or surrender of a Share shall involve the extinction at the time of forfeiture or surrender of all interest in and all claims and demands against the Company in respect of the Share and all other rights and liabilities incidental to the Share as between the person whose Share is forfeited or surrendered and the Company, except only those rights and liabilities expressly saved by these Articles, or as are given or imposed in the case of past members by the Statutes.

Evidence of forfeiture or surrender

60   A statutory declaration by a director or the secretary that a Share has been duly forfeited or surrendered on a specified date shall be conclusive evidence of the facts stated in it as against all persons claiming to be entitled to the Share. The declaration shall (subject if necessary to the execution of an instrument of transfer, if necessary) constitute a good title to the Share. The person to whom the Share is disposed of shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, if any, and his title to the Share shall not be affected by any irregularity in, or invalidity of, the proceedings in reference to the forfeiture, surrender, sale, re-allotment or disposal of the Share.

TRANSFER OF SHARES

Method of transfer

61   Subject to these Articles:

Transfers of partly paid Certificated Shares

62   The Board may, in its absolute discretion, refuse to register the transfer of a Certificated Share which is not fully paid, provided that the refusal does not prevent dealings in Shares in the Company from taking place on an open and proper basis.

Invalid transfers of Certificated Shares

63   The Board may in its absolute discretion also refuse to register the transfer of a Certificated Share:

Invalid transfers of Uncertificated Shares

64   The Board may also refuse to register a transfer of Uncertificated Shares in any circumstances that are allowed or required by the Regulations or the Relevant System.

Notice of refusal to register

65   If the Board refuses to register a transfer of a Certificated Share, it shall send the transferee notice of its refusal as soon as reasonably practicable and, in any event, within two (2) months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged with the Company (in the case of a transfer of a Share in certificated form), or the instructions to the Relevant System were received, together with reasons for the refusal.

No fee payable on registration

66   No fee shall be charged for the registration of any instrument of transfer or other document relating to or affecting the title to a Share.

Retention of transfers

67   The Company shall be entitled to retain an instrument of transfer which is registered, but an instrument of transfer which the Board refuses to register (except in the case of fraud) shall be returned to the person lodging it when notice of the refusal is sent.

Written instrument of transfer

68   For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in these Articles shall require Shares to be transferred by a written instrument if the Statutes and the rules of Nasdaq provide otherwise and the directors shall be empowered to implement such arrangements as they consider fit in accordance with and subject to the Statutes and the rules of Nasdaq to regulate the transfer of title to Shares in the Company and for the approval or disapproval, as the case may be, by the Board or the Operator of any Relevant System of the registration of those transfers.

Renunciation of allotment

69   Nothing in these Articles shall preclude the Board from recognising a renunciation of the allotment of any Shares by the allottee in favour of some other person.

TRANSMISSION OF SHARES

Transmission

70   If a member dies, the survivor or survivors where he was a joint holder, and his personal representatives where he was a sole holder or the only survivor of joint holders, shall be the only persons recognised by the Company as having any title to his interest. Nothing in these Articles shall release the estate of a deceased member (whether a sole or joint holder) from any liability in respect of any Share held by him solely or jointly with other persons.

Elections permitted

71   A person becoming entitled by transmission to a Share may, on production of any evidence as to his entitlement reasonably required by the Board and subject to these Articles, elect either to be registered as the holder of the Share or to have another person nominated by him registered as the transferee. If he elects to become the holder, he shall send notice to the Company to that effect. If he elects to have another person registered and the Share is a Certificated Share, he shall execute an instrument of transfer of the Share to that person. If he elects to have himself or another person registered and the Share is an Uncertificated Share, he shall take any action the Board may require (including without limitation the execution of any document) to enable himself or that person to be registered as the holder of the Share. All the provisions of these Articles relating to the transfer of Shares apply to that notice or instrument of transfer as if it were an instrument of transfer executed by the member and the death or bankruptcy of the member or other event giving rise to the transmission had not occurred.

Elections required

72   The Board may at any time send a notice requiring any such person to elect either to be registered himself or to transfer the Share. If the notice is not complied with within sixty (60) days, the Board may after the expiry of that period withhold payment of all dividends or other monies payable in respect of the Share until the requirements of the notice have been complied with.

Right of persons entitled by transmission

73   A person becoming entitled by transmission to a Share shall, on production of any evidence as to his entitlement properly required by the Board and subject to the requirements of Article ‎71, have the same rights in relation to the Share as he would have had if he were the holder of the Share, subject to Article ‎269. That person may give a discharge for all dividends and other monies payable in respect of the Share, but he shall not, (except with the authority of the Board), before being registered as the holder of the Share, be entitled in respect of it to receive notice of, or to attend or vote at, any meeting of the Company or to receive notice of, or to attend or vote at, any separate meeting of the holders of any class of Shares.

ALTERATION OF SHARE CAPITAL

New Shares, consolidation and sub-division

74   Subject to the Statutes and the provisions of these Articles, and without prejudice to any special rights attached to any class of Shares, the Company may from time to time:

may have any preference or advantage as compared with the others,

and where any difficulty arises in regard to any consolidation, division or subdivision, the Board may settle such difficulty as they see fit and provided that all classes of Voting Shares must be redenominated, consolidated and divided and/or sub-divided on an equal per share basis as though a single class and, save as expressly contemplated by the rights of the A Shares and B Shares set out in these Articles, A Shares and B Shares must be redesignated on an equal per share basis.

75   All Shares created by increase of the Company’s share capital (unless otherwise provided by the terms of allotment of the Shares of that class), by consolidation, division or sub-division of its share capital or the conversion of stock into paid-up Shares shall be subject to all the provisions of these Articles, including without limitation provisions relating to payment of calls, lien, forfeiture, transfer and transmission.

Fractions

76   Whenever any fractions arise as a result of a consolidation, division or sub-division of Shares, a redesignation of Shares, a reduction of capital of the Company’s reserves or a distribution of shares in another company, pursuant to which any members would become entitled to fractions of a Share, the Board may on behalf of the members deal with the fractions as it thinks fit, and, in particular, without limitation, the Board may (on behalf of those members) sell Shares representing fractions to which any members would otherwise become entitled to any person (including, subject to the provisions of the Statutes, the Company) and distribute the net proceeds of sale in due proportion among those members (except that any proceeds in respect of any holding less than a sum fixed by the Board may be retained for the benefit of the Company). Where the Shares to be sold are held in certificated form, the Board may, to enable the Company to deal with the Shares in accordance with the provisions of this Article ‎76, authorise a person to execute an instrument of transfer of the Shares to, or in accordance with the directions of, the buyer. Where the Shares to be sold are held in uncertificated form, the Board may do all acts and things it considers necessary or expedient to effect the transfer of the Shares to, or in accordance with the directions of, the buyer. The buyer shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase monies and his title to the Shares shall not be affected by any irregularity in, or invalidity of, the proceedings in relation to the sale.

PURCHASE OF OWN SHARES

77   On any purchase by the Company of its own Shares, neither the Company nor the Board shall be required to select the Shares to be purchased rateably or in any manner as between the holders of Shares of the same class or as between them and the holders of Shares of any other class or in accordance with the rights as to dividends or capital conferred by any class of Shares.

GENERAL MEETINGS

Annual general meetings

78   The Board shall convene and the Company shall hold general meetings and annual general meetings in accordance with the requirements of the Statutes. The annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as the Board may appoint.

79   A general meeting (other than an annual general meeting) may be called by shorter notice if it is so agreed by a majority in number of the members having a right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority who together hold not less than ninety-five (95) per cent. in nominal value of the Shares giving that right (excluding any Shares held as treasury shares).

Class meetings

80   Subject to these Articles and to any rights for the time being attached to any classes of Shares in the Company, all provisions of these Articles relating to general meetings of the Company shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to every separate general meeting of the holders of any class of Shares, except that:

For the purposes of this Article ‎80, where a person is present by proxy or proxies, he is treated only as holding the shares in respect of which those proxies are authorised to exercise voting rights.

Time and place of meetings

81   The Board shall determine whether a general meeting is to be held as a physical general meeting or an electronic general meeting. The Board may call general meetings whenever and at such times and places (including electronic platforms) as it shall determine. On the requisition of members pursuant to the provisions of the Statutes, the Board shall promptly convene a general meeting in accordance with the requirements of the Statutes.

NOTICE OF GENERAL MEETINGS

Period of notice

82   An annual general meeting shall be called by not less than twenty-one (21) clear days’ notice in writing and no more than sixty (60) days’ notice in writing. Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, all other general meetings may be called by not less than fourteen (14) clear days’ notice in writing and no more than sixty (60) days’ notice in writing.

Recipients of notice

83   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, to the provisions of these Articles and to any special rights or restrictions imposed on any Shares, the notice shall be sent to every member as of the record date of such meeting and every director. The auditors are entitled to receive all notices of, and other communications relating to, any general meeting which any member is entitled to receive.

Contents of notice: general

84   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, the notice shall specify:

and the general nature of the business to be dealt with and shall state, with reasonable prominence, that a member entitled to attend and vote is entitled to appoint one or more proxies, to attend, to speak and to vote instead of him and that a proxy need not be a member.

85   Where the Company has given an electronic address in any notice of meeting, any document or information relating to proceedings at the meeting may be sent by electronic means to that address, subject to any conditions or limitations specified in the relevant notice.

Contents of notice: additional requirements

86   In the case of an annual general meeting, the notice shall specify the meeting as such. In the case of a meeting to pass a special resolution, the notice shall include the text of the resolution and shall specify the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution.

General meeting record date

87   Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles, and subject to the Act, the Company or the Board may for the purpose of determining which persons are entitled to attend and vote at a general meeting of the Company, or a separate general meeting of the holders of any class of Shares, and how many votes such persons may cast, specify in the notice of meeting a time, by which a person must be entered on the Register in order to have the right to attend or vote at the meeting provided that such time shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting and changes to the Register after the time specified by virtue of this Article ‎87 shall be disregarded in determining the rights of any person to attend or vote at the meeting.

Notifying other arrangements for viewing and hearing proceedings

88   The notice shall include details of any arrangements made for the purpose of Article ‎92 (making clear that participation in those arrangements will not amount to attendance at the meeting to which the notice relates).

General meetings at more than one place

89   Without prejudice to Article ‎84, the Board may resolve to enable persons entitled to attend a general meeting or an adjourned general meeting to do so by simultaneous attendance and participation at a satellite meeting place anywhere in the world. The members present in person or by proxy at satellite meeting places shall be counted in the quorum for, and entitled to vote at, the general meeting in question, and that meeting shall be duly constituted and its proceedings valid if the chairman of the general meeting is satisfied that adequate facilities are available throughout the general meeting to ensure that members attending at all the meeting places are able to:

The chairman of the general meeting shall be present at, and the meeting shall be deemed to take place at, the principal meeting place.

Electronic general meetings

90   Without prejudice to Article ‎84, the Board may resolve to enable persons entitled to attend a general meeting or an adjourned general meeting hosted on an electronic platform (such meeting being an electronic general meeting) to do so by simultaneous attendance by electronic means with no member necessarily in physical attendance at the electronic general meeting. The members or their proxies present shall be counted in the quorum for, and entitled to vote at, the electronic general meeting in question, and that meeting shall be duly constituted and its proceedings valid if the chairman of the electronic general meeting is satisfied that adequate facilities are available throughout the electronic general meeting to ensure that members attending the electronic general meeting who are not present together at the same place may, by electronic means, attend and speak and vote at it.

Nothing in these Articles prevents a general meeting being held both physically and electronically.

Interruption or adjournment where facilities inadequate

91   If it appears to the chairman of the general meeting that:

have become inadequate for the purposes referred to in Articles ‎89 or ‎90, then the chairman may, without the consent of the meeting, interrupt or adjourn the general meeting. All business conducted at that general meeting up to the time of that adjournment shall be valid. The provisions of Article ‎110 shall apply to that adjournment.

Other arrangements for viewing and hearing proceedings at physical general meetings

92 The Board may make arrangements for persons entitled to attend a general meeting or an adjourned general meeting to be able to view and hear the proceedings of the general meeting or adjourned general meeting and to speak at the meeting (whether by the use of microphones, loudspeakers, audio-visual communications equipment or otherwise) by attending at a venue anywhere in the world not being a satellite meeting place. If the general meeting is only held as a physical meeting and not also as an electronic meeting, those attending at any such venue shall not be regarded as present at the general meeting or adjourned general meeting and shall not be entitled to vote at the meeting at or from that venue. The inability for any reason of any member present in person or by proxy at such a venue to view or hear all or any of the proceedings of the physical general meeting or to speak at the meeting shall not in any way affect the validity of the proceedings of the meeting.

Controlling level of attendance at physical general meetings

93   For meetings held in accordance with Article ‎89, the Board may from time to time make any arrangements for controlling the level of attendance at any venue for which arrangements have been made pursuant to Article ‎89 or Article ‎91 (including without limitation the issue of tickets or the imposition of some other means of selection) which it, in its absolute discretion, considers appropriate, and may from time to time change those arrangements. If a member, pursuant to those arrangements, is not entitled to attend in person or by proxy at a particular venue, he shall be entitled to attend in person or by proxy at any other venue for which arrangements have been made pursuant to Article ‎89 or Article ‎91. The entitlement of any member to be present at such venue in person or by proxy shall be subject to any such arrangement then in force and stated by the notice of meeting or adjourned meeting to apply to the meeting.

Change in place/electronic platform and/or time of meeting

94   If, after the sending of notice of a general meeting but before the meeting is held, or after the adjournment of a general meeting but before the adjourned meeting is held, the Board decides that it is impracticable or unreasonable, for a reason beyond its control, to hold:

and/or, in either case, at the specified time, it may change the place (or any of the places, in the case of a meeting to which Article ‎89 or Article ‎91 applies) or electronic platform and/or postpone the time at which the meeting is to be held. If such a decision is made, the Board may then change the place (or any of the places, in the case of a meeting to which Article ‎89 or Article ‎91 applies) or electronic platform and/or postpone the time again if it decides that it is reasonable to do so. In either case:

Meaning of participate

95   For the purposes of Articles ‎89, ‎91, ‎92, ‎93 and ‎94, in relation to physical general meetings, the right of a member to participate in the business of any general meeting shall include without limitation the right to speak, vote on a poll, be represented by a proxy and have access to all documents which are required by the Statutes or these Articles to be made available at the meeting.

96   For the purposes of Articles ‎90, ‎91, ‎93 and ‎94, in relation to electronic general meetings, the right of a member to participate in the business of any general meeting shall include without limitation the right to speak, vote on a poll, be represented by a proxy and have access (including electronic access) to all documents which are required by the Statutes or these Articles to be made available at the meeting.

Accidental omission to send notice

97   The accidental omission to send a notice of a meeting or resolution, or to send any notification where required by the Statutes or these Articles in relation to the publication of a notice of meeting on a website, or to send a form of proxy where required by the Statutes or these Articles, to any person entitled to receive it, or the non-receipt for any reason of any such notice, resolution or notification or form of proxy by that person, whether or not the Company is aware of such omission or non-receipt, shall not invalidate the proceedings at that meeting.

98   The Board may postpone a general meeting if it deems it necessary to do so. Notice of such postponement shall be given in accordance with these Articles.

PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS

List of members for voting at general meetings

99   Subject to the requirements under the Act, at least ten (10) days before every general meeting, the secretary shall prepare a complete list of the members entitled to vote at the meeting. Such list shall:

100   The list of members prepared in accordance with Article ‎99 shall be available during ordinary business hours for a period of at least ten (10) days before the general meeting for inspection by any member for any purpose relevant to the meeting. If the notice of the meeting does not specify the place where the members may inspect the list of members, the list of members shall be available for inspection (at the discretion of the Board) at either the Office or on a website. The list of members shall be available for inspection by any member who is present at the meeting, at the place(s) or electronic platform and for the duration, of the meeting.

Quorum

101 No business shall be dealt with at any general meeting unless a quorum is present, but the absence of a quorum shall not preclude the choice or appointment of a chairman in accordance with these Articles, which shall not be treated as part of the business of the meeting.

Except as otherwise provided by these Articles, the necessary quorum for a general meeting shall be at least two qualifying persons entitled to vote on the business to be dealt with, present in person or by proxy, who together represent at least one-third of the voting rights attached to the Voting Shares entitled to vote at the relevant meeting for all purposes, unless:

For the purposes of this Article ‎101 and Article ‎102 a “qualifying person” means (i) an individual who is a member of the Company, (ii) a person authorised under the Statutes to act as a representative of the corporation in relation to the meeting, or (iii) a person appointed as proxy of a member in relation to the meeting.

102   If the Company has only one (1) member, one qualifying person present at the meeting and entitled to vote on the business to be dealt with shall be a quorum.

If quorum not present

103   If a quorum is not present within fifteen (15) minutes (or such longer time not exceeding thirty (30) minutes as the chairman of the meeting may decide) from the time appointed for the meeting, or if during a meeting such a quorum ceases to be present, the meeting, if convened on the requisition of members, shall be dissolved, and in any other case shall stand adjourned to such time and place or electronic platform (being not less than fourteen (14) days nor more than twenty-eight (28) days thereafter) as the chairman of the meeting may, subject to the provisions of the Statutes, determine. If a meeting is adjourned for lack of quorum, the quorum of the adjourned meeting will be two members present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote. The adjourned meeting shall be dissolved if a quorum is not present within fifteen (15) minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting, provided that the Company must give at least 7 clear days’ notice of any adjourned meeting (that is, excluding the day of the adjourned meeting and the day on which notice is given) to the same persons to whom notice of the Company’s general meeting is required to be given and containing the same information which such notice is required to contain.

Chairman

104   The chairman, if any, of the Board or, in his absence, any deputy chairman of the Company shall preside as chairman of the meeting. If neither the chairman nor the deputy chairman is present within five (5) minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting or is not willing to act as chairman, the directors present shall elect one of their number to be chairman. If there is only one director present and willing to act, he shall be chairman. If no director is willing to act as chairman, or if no director is present within five (5) minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting, the members present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote shall choose a member present in person or a proxy of a member or a person authorised to act as a representative of a corporation in relation to the meeting to be chairman.

Persons entitled to speak

105   A director shall, notwithstanding that he is not a member, be entitled to attend and speak at any general meeting and at any separate meeting of the holders of any class of Shares. Subject to the Statutes, the chairman may invite any person to attend and speak at general meetings of the Company whom the chairman considers to be equipped by knowledge or experience of the Company’s business to assist in the deliberations of the meeting. In addition, the chairman may invite any person who has been nominated by a member of the Company (provided that the chairman is satisfied that at such time as the chairman may determine, the member holds any Shares in the Company as such person’s nominee) to attend and, if the chairman considers it appropriate, to speak at general meetings.

Security at general meetings

106   The Board or the chairman of the meeting may make any arrangement and impose any requirement or restriction it or he considers appropriate to ensure the security of a general meeting including, without limitation, requirements for evidence of identity to be produced by those attending the meeting, the searching of their personal property and the restriction of items that may be taken into the meeting place. The Board or the chairman of the meeting are entitled in its or his absolute discretion to refuse entry to, or eject from any general meeting, a person who refuses to comply with these arrangements, requirements or restrictions.

Security at electronic general meetings

107   The Board or the chairman at any electronic general meeting may make any arrangement and impose any requirement or restriction as is:

In this respect, the Company is able to authorise any voting application, system or facility for electronic general meetings as it sees fit.

Safety at general meetings

108   The Board or the chairman of the meeting may take such action, give such direction or put in place such arrangements as they or he consider appropriate to secure the safety of the people attending the meeting and to promote the orderly conduct of the business of the meeting as set out in the notice of the meeting. The chairman’s discretion on matters of procedure or arising incidentally from the business of the meeting shall be final, as shall be his determination as to whether any matter is of such a nature.

Adjournment powers

109   Without prejudice to any other power of adjournment which he may have under these Articles or at common law, the chairman:

each of paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) above shall constitute a separate power to adjourn and no such paragraph shall limit or restrict the power contained in another such paragraph.

Adjournment procedures

110   No business shall be dealt with at an adjourned meeting other than business which might properly have been dealt with at the meeting had the adjournment not taken place. Any such adjournment may, subject to the provisions of the Statutes, be for such time and to such other place (or, in the case of a meeting held at a principal meeting place and a satellite meeting place, such other places) or electronic platform as the chairman may, in his absolute discretion determine, notwithstanding that by reason of such adjournment some members may be unable to be present at the adjourned meeting. Any such member may nevertheless appoint a proxy for the adjourned meeting either in accordance with Article ‎152 or by means of a document in hard copy form which, if delivered at the meeting which is adjourned to the chairman or the secretary or any director, shall be valid even though it is given at less notice than would otherwise be required by Article ‎152(a). Subject to the provisions of the Statutes and the provisions of Article ‎103, notice shall be sent at least seven (7) clear days before the date of the adjourned meeting specifying the time and place (or places, in the case of a meeting to which Article ‎89 or Article ‎91 applies) or electronic platform of the adjourned meeting and the general nature of the business to be transacted.

Amendments to resolutions

111   A resolution duly proposed as a special resolution may be amended by ordinary resolution if:

112   A resolution duly proposed as an ordinary resolution may be amended by ordinary resolution if:

unless the chairman in his absolute discretion decides that the amendment may be considered and voted on.

113   If an amendment is proposed to any resolution under consideration but is in good faith ruled out of order by the chairman, the proceedings on the substantive resolution shall not be invalidated by any error in such ruling. With the consent of the chairman, an amendment may be withdrawn by its proposer before it is voted on.

Conduct of a poll

114   Subject to Article ‎115, a poll shall be taken in such manner as the chairman directs and he may, and shall if required by the meeting, appoint scrutineers (who need not be members) and fix a time and place or electronic platform for declaring the result of the poll. The result of the poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of the meeting at which the poll was demanded.

115   A poll on the election of a chairman or on a question of adjournment shall be taken immediately. A poll on any other question shall be taken at either the meeting or at such time and place as the chairman directs not being more than twenty-eight (28) days after the meeting.

Effectiveness of special resolutions

116   Where for any purpose an ordinary resolution of the Company is required, a special resolution shall also be effective.

PROPOSED SHAREHOLDER RESOLUTIONS

Information required in connection with proposed resolutions

117   Where a member or members, in accordance with the provisions of the Act, request the Company to (i) call a general meeting for the purposes of bringing a resolution before the meeting, or (ii) give notice of a resolution to be proposed at a general meeting, such request must, in each case and in addition to the requirements of the Statutes:

security of the Company (including, without limitation, any rights to dividends or performance-related fees based on any increase or decrease in the value of such security or Derivative Instruments or if such person directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any decrease in the value of the subject security) (collectively, Other Interests),

statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as applicable, the proposal and/or for the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder,

be material to a reasonable member's understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee, and

such business must otherwise be a proper matter for member action.

For purposes of this Article ‎117, a Shareholder Associated Person of any member shall mean (i) any person controlling, directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with, such member, (ii) any beneficial owner of Shares owned of record or beneficially by such member, and (iii) any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Shareholder Associated Person.

Subject to the provisions of these Articles, only such persons who are nominated by or at the direction of the Board or in compliance with the procedures set forth in this Article ‎117 shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a general meeting as shall have been brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board or pursuant to a member request that complies with the procedures set forth in this Article ‎117.

Except as otherwise provided by law or the Articles, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a member request was made in compliance with the procedures set forth in this Article ‎117 and, if any request is not in compliance with this Article ‎117, to declare that such defective request shall be disregarded.

To be eligible to be a nominee for appointment or reappointment as a director of the Company pursuant to a proposal made by a member or members pursuant to this Article ‎117, a person must deliver (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of a request set forth in this Article ‎117) to the secretary at the Office a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such person and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made (which questionnaire shall be provided by the secretary upon written request) and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the secretary upon written request) that such person:

(A)  is not and will not become a party to:

For the purpose of this Article ‎117, where a request(s) in respect of a general meeting are made by more than one member, references to a member in relation to notice and other information requirements shall apply to each member, respectively, as the context requires.

Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Article ‎117 to the contrary, this Article ‎117 shall not be applicable to, or in respect of, any member who is a person providing depositary or clearance services or a nominee of any such person, except that any reference to a member in the definition of Shareholder Associated Person shall include a person providing depositary or clearance services or a nominee of such person .

Members in default not entitled to vote

118   If a request made in accordance with Article ‎117 does not include the information specified in that Article (save with respect to any information required to be provided by a proposed director), or if a request made in accordance with Article ‎117 is not received in the time and manner indicated in Article ‎119, in respect of the Shares which the relevant member(s) hold (the member default shares), the relevant member(s) shall not be entitled to vote, either personally or by proxy at a general meeting or at a separate meeting of the holders of that class of Shares (or at an adjournment of any such meeting), the member default shares with respect to the matters detailed in the request made in accordance with Article ‎117.

Timing and manner of information

119   Without prejudice the rights of any member under the Act, a member who makes a request to which Article ‎117(a)(ii) relates (and where the general meeting to be convened is an annual general meeting) must deliver any such request in writing to the secretary at the Office not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred and twentieth (120th) calendar day nor later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) calendar day prior to the date of the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual general meeting, provided, however, that if the date of an annual meeting is more than thirty (30) calendar days before or more than sixty (60) calendar days after the date of the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual general meeting, notice by the member must be so delivered in writing not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred and twentieth (120th) calendar day prior to such annual general meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (i) the ninetieth (90th) calendar day prior to such annual general meeting, and (ii) if the first public announcement of the date of such annual general meeting is less than one hundred (100) days prior to the date of the meeting, the tenth (10th) calendar day after the day on which public announcement of the date of such annual general meeting is first made by the Company. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual general meeting or the public announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a member’s notice as described in this Article ‎119.

Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Article ‎119 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board is increased and there is no public announcement by the Company naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of directors made by the Company at least one hundred (100) calendar days prior to the date of the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual general meeting, a member’s notice required by this Article ‎119 shall also be considered as validly delivered in accordance with this Article ‎119, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the secretary at the Office not later than 5:00 pm, local time, on the tenth (10th) calendar day after the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Company.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article ‎117 or Article ‎118 or the foregoing provisions of this Article ‎119, a member shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Statutes and of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in Article ‎117 or Article ‎118 and this Article ‎119 provided, however, that any references in the Articles to the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit the requirements of these Articles applicable to member requests. Nothing in Article ‎117 or Article ‎118 or this Article ‎119 shall be deemed to affect any rights of members to request inclusion of proposals in, nor the right of the Company to omit proposals from, the Company’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act, subject in each case to compliance with the Exchange Act.

VOTES OF MEMBERS

Voting by poll

120   Any resolution put to the vote of a general meeting must be decided on a poll. This Article ‎120 may only be removed, amended or varied by resolution of the members passed unanimously at a general meeting of the Company.

Right to vote on a poll

121   Subject to any rights or restrictions attached to any Shares, on a vote on a resolution on a poll every member present in person or by proxy shall have one (1) vote for every Share of which he is the holder or in respect of which his appointment of a proxy or corporate representative has been made.

Votes of joint holders

122   In the case of joint holders of a Share, the vote of the senior who tenders a vote, whether in person or by proxy, shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders. For this purpose seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names of the holders stand in the Register in respect of the joint holding.

Member under incapacity

123 A member in respect of whom an order has been made by a court or official having jurisdiction (whether in the United Kingdom or elsewhere) in matters concerning mental disorder may vote by his receiver, curator bonis or other person authorised for that purpose appointed by that court or official. That receiver, curator bonis or other person may vote by proxy.

The right to vote shall be exercisable only if evidence satisfactory to the Board of the authority of the person claiming to exercise the right to vote has been delivered to such place specified in accordance with these Articles for the delivery of proxy appointments, not later than the last time by which a proxy appointment must be received in order to be valid for use at the meeting or adjourned meeting at which that person proposes to vote and, in default, the right to vote shall not be exercisable.

Calls in arrears

124   No member shall, unless the Board otherwise determines, be entitled to vote at a general meeting or at a separate meeting of the holders of any class of Shares, either in person or by proxy, in respect of any Share held by him unless all monies presently payable by him in respect of that Share have been paid.

Section 793 of the Companies Act: restrictions if in default

125   If at any time the Board is satisfied that any member, or any other person appearing to be interested in Shares held by such member, has been duly served with a notice under section 793 of the Act (a section 793 notice) and is in default for the prescribed period in supplying to the Company the information thereby required, or, in purported compliance with such a notice, has made a statement or given information which is false or inadequate in a material particular, then the Board may, in its absolute discretion at any time thereafter by notice (a direction notice) to such member direct that:

any Relevant System applicable to those Shares to effect that conversion immediately) and that member shall not after that be entitled to convert all or any Shares held by him into uncertificated form (except with the authority of the Board),

(and, for the purposes of ensuring this Article ‎125(b) can apply to all Shares held by the holder, the Company may, in accordance with the Regulations, issue a written notification to the Operator requiring the conversion into certificated form of any Shares held by the holder in uncertificated form).

Copy of notice to interested persons

126   The Company shall send the direction notice to each other person appearing to be interested in the default shares, but the failure or omission by the Company to do so shall not invalidate such notice.

When restrictions cease to have effect

127   Any direction notice shall cease to have effect not more than seven (7) days after the earlier of receipt by the Company of:

Withdrawal notice

128   The Board may at any time withdraw a direction notice, in whole or in part, or suspend in whole or in part, the imposition of any restrictions contained in the direction notice for a given period by serving on the holder of the default shares a notice in writing to that effect (a withdrawal notice).

Cancellation of restrictions

129   Unless and until a withdrawal notice is duly served in relation thereto or a direction notice in relation thereto is deemed to have been withdrawn, suspended or varied or the Shares to which a direction notice relates are transferred by means of an approved transfer, the sanctions referred to in Article ‎125 shall continue to apply.

130   The Company may exercise any of its powers under Article ‎15 in respect of any default share that is held in uncertificated form.

Supplementary provisions

131   For the purposes of this Article ‎131 and Articles ‎125 to ‎130:

or has reasonable cause to believe that the person in question is or may be interested in the Shares;

For the purposes of sub-paragraph (ii), any associate (as defined in Section 435 of the Insolvency Act 1986) shall be included amongst the persons who are connected with the member or any person appearing to be interested in such Shares.

Section 794 of the Act

132   Nothing contained in Articles ‎125 to ‎131 limits the power of the Company under section 794 of the Act.

Errors in voting

133   If any votes are counted which ought not to have been counted, or might have been rejected, the error shall not vitiate the result of the voting unless it is pointed out at the same meeting, or at any adjournment of the meeting, and, in the opinion of the chairman, it is of sufficient magnitude to vitiate the result of the voting.

Objections to voting

134   No objection shall be raised to the qualification of any voter except at the meeting or adjourned meeting or poll at which the vote objected to is tendered. Every vote not disallowed at such meeting shall be valid and every vote not counted which ought to have been counted shall be disregarded. Any objection made in due time shall be referred to the chairman whose decision shall be final and conclusive.

Multiple votes

135   On a poll, a member, proxy or corporate representative entitled to more than one vote need not, if he votes, use all his votes or cast all the votes he uses in the same way.

NOTIFICATION OF INTERESTS IN SHARES

Interpretation

136   For the purposes of Article ‎137 through Article ‎149:

Additional obligations

137   The provisions of Article ‎136 through Article ‎149 are in addition to and separate from any other rights or obligations arising at law or otherwise.

Notification

138   A member other than a Depositary holding Relevant Share Capital shall notify the Company of his interests (if any) in Relevant Share Capital if:

Timing of notification

139   A member other than a Depositary holding Relevant Share Capital shall, to the extent he is lawfully able to do so, notify the Company of the interests of any other person in the Relevant Share Capital of which he is the registered holder (or, to the extent he is not lawfully able to make such notification, shall use his reasonable endeavours to procure that such person makes notification of his interests to the Company) if:

Percentage level

140   The expression percentage level in Articles ‎138(c) and ‎139(c), means the percentage figure found by expressing the aggregate nominal value of all the Shares comprised in the Relevant Share Capital concerned in which the person has interests immediately before or (as the case may be) immediately after the relevant time as a percentage of the aggregate nominal value of that Relevant Share Capital and rounding that figure down, if it is not a whole number, to the next whole number. Where the aggregate nominal value of the Relevant Share Capital is greater immediately after the relevant time than it was immediately before, the percentage level of the person's interest immediately before (as well as immediately after) that time shall be determined by reference to the larger amount.

141   For the purposes of Articles ‎138, ‎139 and ‎140:

in each case provided that the person is aware of such acquisition, cessation or change in circumstances at the time it occurs; and

Form of notification

142   Any notification required by to be made by a member under Article ‎138 and Article ‎139 must be made in writing to the Company within the period of ten (10) days next following the day on which that obligation arises. To the extent a member is not lawfully able to make a notification under Article ‎139, such member shall use its reasonable endeavours to procure that the relevant person notifies his interests to the Company within such ten (10) day period or within such longer period as the directors may allow.

Content of notification

143   The notification shall specify the share capital of the Company to which it relates, and must also:

144   A notification (other than one stating that a person no longer has a notifiable interest) shall include the following particulars, so far as known to the person making the notification at the date when it is made:

145   A person other than a Depositary holding Relevant Share Capital who has an interest in shares comprised in Relevant Share Capital or knows or becomes aware that any other person has an interest in shares so comprised of which he is the registered holder, that interest being notifiable, shall notify (or, to the extent he is not lawfully able to make such notification, shall use his reasonable endeavours to procure that such other person shall notify) the Company in writing:

of which in either case he becomes aware at any time after any interest notification date and before the first occasion following that date on which he comes under any further obligation of disclosure with respect to his interest in shares comprised in that share capital. A notification required under this Article ‎145 shall be made within the period of ten (10) days next following the day on which it arises. The reference to an interest notification date, in relation to a person's interest in shares comprised in the Company's Relevant Share Capital, is to either (i) the date of any notification made or procured by him with respect to his or any other person's interest under this Article ‎145 or (ii) where he has failed to make, or procure the making of, a notification, the date on which the period allowed for making it came to an end.

Duration of interest

146   A person who at any time has a notifiable interest in shares is to be regarded under Article ‎145 as continuing to have a notifiable interest in them unless and until the registered holder of the Shares in question comes under an obligation to make or use his reasonable endeavours to procure a notification stating that he (or any other relevant person) no longer has such an interest in those Shares.

Agency

147   Where a person authorises another (the agent) to acquire or dispose of, on his behalf, interests in Shares comprised in the Relevant Share Capital, he shall secure that the agent notifies him immediately of acquisitions or disposals effected by the agent which will or may give rise to any obligation of disclosure imposed on him by this Article ‎147 with respect to his interest in that share capital.

Consequences of notifiable interest

148   If it shall come to the notice of the Board that any member has not, within the requisite period, made or, as the case may be, procured the making of any notification required by Article ‎138, Article ‎139 or Article ‎145, the Company may (in the absolute discretion of the Board) at any time thereafter give notice to such member and such notice shall have the same contents and effect, and be subject to the same provisions of these Articles as if it were a direction notice given under Article ‎125, provided that the provisions of Article ‎125(b)(ii) shall not apply to any Shares subject to such a direction notice.

Deemed interest in Shares

149   For the purposes of this Article ‎149, Article ‎138, Article ‎139 or Article ‎145, a person shall be treated as appearing to be interested in any Shares if the member holding such shares has given to the Company a notification whether following service of a notice in accordance with the Act or otherwise which either:

PROXIES AND CORPORATE REPRESENTATIVES

Appointment of proxy

150   A member is entitled to appoint another person, who need not be a member, as his proxy to exercise all or any of his rights to attend and to speak and vote at a meeting of the Company in respect of the Voting Shares to which the proxy appointment relates. The proxy appointment shall, unless it provides to the contrary, be valid for any adjournment of the meeting as a well as for the meeting to which it relates.

151 The appointment of a proxy (whether made by instrument in writing, in electronic form or by website communication) shall be in any usual form as contemplated by these Articles or as the Board may otherwise approve. Invitations to appoint a proxy shall be sent or made available by the Company to all persons entitled to notice of and to attend and vote at any meeting, and shall provide for voting both for and against all resolutions to be proposed at that meeting other than resolutions relating to the procedure of the meeting.

The accidental omission to send or make available an invitation to appoint a proxy or the non-receipt thereof by any member entitled to attend and vote at a meeting shall not invalidate the proceedings at that meeting.

152   The appointment of a proxy shall be:

Execution of proxy

153   The appointment of a proxy, whether made in hard copy form or in electronic form, shall be executed in such manner as may be approved by or on behalf of the Company from time to time. Subject thereto, the appointment of a proxy shall be executed by the appointor or any person duly authorised by the appointor or, if the appointor is a corporation, executed by a duly authorised person or under its common seal or in any other manner authorised by its constitution.

Distribution of proxies

154 The Board may, if it thinks fit, but subject to the provisions of the Statutes, at the Company’s expense (with or without provision for their return prepaid) send hard copy forms of proxy for use at the meeting, or at any separate meeting of the holders of any class of Shares, and issue invitations in electronic form to appoint a proxy in relation to the meeting in such form as may be approved by the Board. If, for the purposes of any meeting appointments of proxy or invitations to appoint as proxy a person or one of a number of persons specified in the invitations are issued at the Company’s expense, they shall be issued to all (and not some only) of the members entitled to be sent a notice of the meeting and to vote at it. The accidental omission, or the failure due to circumstances beyond the Company’s control, to send or make available, such an appointment of proxy or give such an invitation to, or the non-receipt thereof by, any member entitled to attend and vote at a meeting shall not invalidate the proceedings at that meeting. The appointment of a proxy shall not preclude a member from attending and voting in person at the meeting or poll concerned. A member may appoint more than one proxy to attend on the same occasion, provided that each such proxy is appointed to exercise the rights attached to a different Share or Shares held by that member.

References in these Articles to an appointment of a proxy include references to an appointment of multiple proxies.

Delivery/receipt of proxy appointment

155   Without prejudice to Article ‎94(b)(ii) or to the third sentence of Article ‎110, the appointment of a proxy shall:

by the time specified by the Board (as the Board may determine, in compliance with the provisions of the Statutes) in any such method of notification.

The Board may specify, when determining the dates by which proxies are to be lodged, that no account need be taken of any part of a day that is not a working day.

156 Any means of appointing a proxy which is authorised by or under this Article ‎156 shall be subject to any terms, limitations, conditions or restrictions that the Board may from time to time prescribe. Without limiting the foregoing, in relation to any Shares which are held in uncertificated form, the Board may from time to time permit appointments of a proxy to be made by means of an electronic communication in the form of an Uncertificated Proxy Instruction, and received by such participant in the Relevant System concerned acting on behalf of the Company as the Board may prescribe, in such form and subject to such terms and conditions as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board (subject always to the facilities and requirements of the Relevant System concerned), and may in a similar manner permit supplements to, or amendments or revocations of, any such Uncertificated Proxy Instruction to be made by like means. The Board may in addition prescribe the method of determining the time at which any such properly authenticated dematerialised instruction (and/or other instruction or notification) is to be treated as received by the Company or such participant.

The Board may treat any such Uncertificated Proxy Instruction which purports to be or is expressed to be sent on behalf of a holder of a Share as sufficient evidence of the authority of the person sending that instruction to send it on behalf of that holder.

Authentication of proxy appointment not made by holder

157   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, where the appointment of a proxy is expressed to have been or purports to have been made, sent or supplied by a person on behalf of the holder of a Share:

Validity of proxy appointment

158   Subject to Article ‎156, a proxy appointment which is not delivered or received in accordance with Article ‎155 shall be invalid. When two (2) or more valid proxy appointments are delivered or received in respect of the same Share for use at the same meeting, the one that was last delivered or received shall be treated as replacing or revoking the others as regards that Share, provided that if the Company determines that it has insufficient evidence to decide whether or not a proxy appointment is in respect of the same Share, it shall be entitled to determine which proxy appointment (if any) is to be treated as valid. Subject to the Statutes, the Company may determine at its discretion when a proxy appointment shall be treated as delivered or received for the purposes of these Articles.

Rights of proxy

159   A proxy appointment shall be deemed to entitle the proxy to exercise all or any of the appointing member’s rights to attend and to speak and vote at a meeting of the Company in respect of the Shares to which the proxy appointment relates. The proxy appointment shall, unless it provides to the contrary, be valid for any adjournment of the meeting as well as for the meeting to which it relates.

Checking proxy votes

160   The Company shall not be required to check that a proxy or corporate representative votes in accordance with any instructions given by the member by whom he is appointed. Any failure to vote as instructed shall not invalidate the proceedings on the resolution.

Corporate representatives

161   Any corporation which is a member of the Company (in this Article ‎161 the grantor) may, by resolution of its directors or other governing body, authorise such person or persons as it thinks fit to act as its representative or representatives at any meeting of the Company or at any separate meeting of the holders of any class of Shares. A director, the secretary or other person authorised for the purpose by the secretary may require all or any of such persons to produce a certified copy of the resolution of authorisation before permitting him to exercise his powers. Such person is entitled to exercise (on behalf of the grantor) the same powers as the grantor could exercise if it were an individual member of the Company. Where a grantor authorises more than one (1) person to exercise a power and more than one (1) authorised person purports in respect of the same Shares:

Revocation of authority

162   The termination of the authority of a person to act as a proxy or duly authorized representative of a corporation does not affect:

unless notice of the termination was either delivered or received as mentioned in the following sentence at least twenty-four (24) hours before the start of the relevant meeting or adjourned meeting or (in the case of a poll taken otherwise than on the same day as the meeting or adjourned meeting) the time appointed for taking the poll. Such notice of termination shall be either by means of a document in hard copy form delivered to such place(s) as may be specified by or on behalf of the Company in accordance with Article ‎155(a) or in electronic form received at the address specified (if any) by or on behalf of the Company in accordance with Article ‎155(b), regardless of whether any relevant proxy appointment was effected in hard copy form or in electronic form.

Duration of general authority

163   A proxy given in the form of a power of attorney or similar authorisation granting power to a person to vote on behalf of a member at forthcoming meetings in general shall not be treated as valid for a period of more than twelve months, unless a contrary intention is stated in it.

NUMBER OF DIRECTORS

Minimum number of directors

164   The number of directors (other than any alternate directors) shall be at least two (2) and shall be subject to any maximum number fixed from time to time by a resolution of the majority of the Board.

Fewer than the minimum directors

165   If the number of directors is reduced below the minimum number fixed in accordance with these Articles, the directors for the time being may act for the purpose of filling vacancies in their number or of calling a general meeting of the Company, but for no other purpose. If there are no directors willing to act, then any two members may summon a general meeting (or instruct the secretary to do so) for the purpose of appointing directors.

APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS

Number of directors to retire

166   At each annual general meeting of the Company, every director at the date of the notice convening the meeting shall retire from office. A retiring director may offer himself for re-appointment by the members and a director that is so re-appointed will be treated as continuing in office without a break.

167   A director who retires at an annual general meeting shall (unless he is removed from office or his office is vacated in accordance with these Articles) retain office until the close of the meeting at which he retires or (if earlier) when a resolution is passed at that meeting not to fill the vacancy or to elect another person in his place or the resolution to re-appoint him is put to the meeting and lost.

Eligibility for election

168   No person shall be appointed a director at any general meeting unless:

Provisions if insufficient directors appointed

169   If:

meeting and are not approved; and

all retiring directors who stood for re-appointment at that meeting (for the purposes of Articles ‎169 and ‎170, Retiring Directors) shall be deemed to have been re-appointed as directors and shall remain in office, but the Retiring Directors may only:

but not for any other reasons.

170   The Retiring Directors shall convene a general meeting as soon as reasonably practicable following the annual general meeting referred to in Article ‎169, and they shall retire from office at that meeting. If at the end of any meeting convened under this Article ‎170 the number of directors is fewer than any minimum number of directors required under Article ‎164, the provisions of Articles ‎169 and ‎170 shall also apply to that meeting.

Separate resolutions on appointment

171   Except as otherwise authorised by the Statutes, a motion for the appointment of two or more persons as directors by a single resolution shall not be made unless a resolution that it should be so made has first been agreed to by the meeting without any vote being given against it.

Filling vacancies and additional appointments

172   Subject to the provisions of these Articles, the Company may by ordinary resolution appoint a person who is willing to act to be a director either to fill a vacancy or as an additional director. The appointment of a person to fill a vacancy or as an additional director shall take effect from the end of the relevant meeting.

173   The Board may appoint a person who is willing to act to be a director, either to fill a casual vacancy or as an additional director. Any director so appointed shall hold office only until the next following annual general meeting, and shall then be eligible for election, or until his earlier resignation or removal in accordance with these Articles.

No share qualification

174   A director shall not be required to hold any Shares by way of qualification.

POWERS OF THE BOARD

Business to be managed by the Board

175 Subject to the provisions of the Statutes and these Articles and any directions given by special resolution, to take, or refrain from taking, specified action, the business of the Company shall be managed by the Board, which may exercise all the powers of the Company, whether relating to the management of the business or not, including, without limitation, the power to dispose of all or any part of the undertaking of the Company.

176   No alteration of these Articles and no such direction shall invalidate any prior act of the Board which would have been valid if that alteration had not been made or that direction had not been given. The powers given by this Article ‎176 shall not be limited by any special power given to the Board by these Articles. A meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present may exercise all powers exercisable by the Board.

Exercise by the Company of voting rights

177   The Board may exercise the voting power conferred by the shares in any body corporate held or owned by the Company in such manner in all respects as it thinks fit (including without limitation the exercise of that power in favour of any resolution appointing its members or any of them directors of such body corporate, or voting or providing for the payment of remuneration to the directors of such body corporate).

BORROWING POWERS

178   Subject as provided in these Articles, the Board may exercise all of the powers of the Company to borrow money, to indemnify and guarantee, to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and assets (present and future) and uncalled capital or parts thereof, and, subject to the Statutes, to issue debentures and other securities, whether outright or as collateral security, for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party.

CHANGE OF THE COMPANY’S NAME

179   The Company’s name may be changed by resolution of the Board.

DELEGATION OF POWERS OF THE BOARD

Committees of the Board

180   The Board may delegate any of its powers:

Any such delegation shall, in the absence of express provision to the contrary in the terms of delegation, be deemed to include authority to sub-delegate to one or more directors (whether or not acting as a committee) or to any other person all or any of the powers delegated and may be made subject to such conditions as the Board may specify, and may be revoked or altered.

Subject to any conditions imposed by the Board, the proceedings of a committee with two (2) or more members shall be governed by these Articles regulating the proceedings of directors so far as they are capable of applying, provided that the quorum at any such meeting shall be a majority of the members of such committee then in office unless the committee shall consist of one or two members, in which case one member shall constitute a quorum.

Local boards

181   The Board may establish local or divisional boards or agencies for managing any of the affairs of the Company, either in the United Kingdom or elsewhere, and may appoint any persons to be members of the local or divisional boards, or any managers or agents, and may fix their remuneration. The Board may delegate to any local or divisional board, manager or agent any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in or exercisable by the Board, with power to sub-delegate, and may authorise the members of any local or divisional board, or any of them, to fill any vacancies and to act notwithstanding vacancies. Any appointment or delegation made pursuant to this Article ‎181 may be made on such terms and subject to such conditions as the Board may decide. The Board may remove any person so appointed and may revoke or vary the delegation but no person dealing in good faith and without notice of the revocation or variation shall be affected by it.

Agents

182   The Board may, by power of attorney or otherwise, appoint any person to be the agent of the Company for such purposes and with such powers, authorities and discretions (not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the Board) and for such period and on such conditions as the Board determines, including without limitation authority for the agent to delegate all or any of his powers, authorities and discretions, and may revoke or vary such delegation.

Offices including the title “director”

183   The Board may appoint any person to any office or employment having a designation or title including the word “director” or attach to any existing office or employment with the Company such a designation or title and may terminate any such appointment or the use of any such designation or title. The inclusion of the word “director” in the designation or title of any such office or employment shall not imply that the holder is a director of the Company, and the holder shall not thereby be empowered in any respect to act as, or be deemed to be, a director of the Company for any of the purposes of these Articles.

RESIGNATION, DISQUALIFICATION AND REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS

Resignation

184   A director may resign his office either by notice in writing submitted to the Board or, if he shall in writing offer to resign, if the other directors resolve to accept such offer.

185   Without prejudice to the provisions for retirement (by rotation or otherwise) contained in these Articles, a person shall cease to be a director as soon as:

Power of the Company to remove director

186   The Company may, without prejudice to the provisions of the Statutes, by ordinary resolution remove any director from office (notwithstanding any provision of these Articles or of any agreement between the Company and such director, but without prejudice to any claim he may have for damages for breach of any such agreement). The Company may, by ordinary resolution, appoint another person in place of a director removed from office in accordance with this Article ‎186.

REMUNERATION AND EXPENSES OF DIRECTORS

Arrangements with executive directors

187   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes and these Articles (as and to the extent applicable), the salary or remuneration of any director appointed to hold any employment or executive office in accordance with these Articles may be either a fixed sum of money, or may altogether or in part be governed by business done or profits made or otherwise determined by the Board, and may be in addition to or instead of any fee payable to him for serving as a director under these Articles.

Arrangements with non-executive directors

188   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, the Board may enter into, vary and terminate an agreement or arrangement with any director who does not hold executive office for the provision of his services to the Company. Any such agreement or arrangement may be made on such terms as the Board determines, provided that the terms of any such agreement or arrangement would not result in non-compliance with any listing requirements of Nasdaq.

Ordinary remuneration

189   Each non-executive director shall be paid a fee for their services (which shall be deemed to accrue from day to day) at such rate as may from time to time be determined by the Board, provided that the agreement or payment of any such fee would not result in non-compliance with any listing requirements of Nasdaq.

Additional remuneration for special services

190   Any director who does not hold executive office with the Company and who performs special services which in the opinion of the Board are outside the scope of the ordinary duties of a director, may be paid such extra remuneration by way of additional fee, salary, commission or otherwise as the Board may determine, provided the payment of any such extra remuneration would not result in non-compliance with any listing requirements of Nasdaq.

Other remuneration

191   Unless the Board decides otherwise, a director is not accountable to the Company for any remuneration which he received as a director or other officer or employee of the Company’s subsidiary undertakings or of any other body corporate in which the Company is interested.

Expenses

192   The directors may be paid all reasonable travelling, hotel, and other expenses properly incurred by them in connection with their attendance at meetings of the Board or committees of the Board, general meetings or separate meetings of the holders of any class of Shares or of debentures of the Company or otherwise in connection with the discharge of their duties as a director.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Appointment to executive office

193   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, the Board may appoint one or more of its body or any other employee of the Company to be the holder of any executive office (including, without limitation, to hold office as president, chief executive officer, vice president, executive vice president, senior vice president and/or treasurer, but excluding that of auditor) in the Company and may enter into an agreement or arrangement with any such director or employee for his employment by the Company or for the provision by him of any services outside the scope of the ordinary duties of a director or employee. Any such appointment, agreement or arrangement may be made on such terms, including without limitation terms as to remuneration, as the Board determines, provided that the terms of any such agreement or arrangement would not result in non-compliance with any listing requirements of Nasdaq. The Board may revoke or vary any such appointment but without prejudice to any rights or claims which the person whose appointment is revoked or varied may have against the Company because of the revocation or variation.

Termination of appointment to executive office

194   Any appointment of a director to an executive office shall terminate if he ceases to be a director but without prejudice to any rights or claims which he may have against the Company by reason of such cessation. A director appointed to an executive office shall not be exempt from retirement by rotation, and if he ceases for any reason to hold the executive office by virtue of which he is termed an executive director, he shall offer to resign as a director in accordance with Article ‎184 and he shall cease to be a director if the other directors resolve to accept such offer.

Emoluments to be determined by the Board

195   The emoluments of any director or employee holding executive office for his services as such shall be determined by the Board, provided that the terms of any such agreement or arrangement would not result in non-compliance with any listing requirements of Nasdaq and may be of any description, including without limitation admission to, or continuance of, membership of any scheme (including any share acquisition scheme) or fund instituted or established or financed or contributed to by the Company for the provision of pensions, life assurance or other benefits for employees or their dependants, or the payment of a pension or other benefits to him or his dependants on or after retirement or death, apart from membership of any such scheme or fund.

ALTERNATE DIRECTORS

Power to appoint alternates

196   Any director (other than an alternate director) may appoint another director, or any other person approved by the Board and willing to act, and permitted by law to do so, to be an alternate director and may at any time terminate that appointment by notice in writing. Subject to the foregoing, a director may appoint more than one (1) alternate and a person may act as an alternate for more than one (1) director. An alternate director shall not be required to hold any Shares in the Company and shall not be counted in determining any maximum number of directors permitted by these Articles.

Method of appointment or removal

197   Any appointment or removal of an alternate director shall be by notice to the Company signed by the director making or revoking the appointment or in any other manner approved by the Board and shall take effect in accordance with the terms of the notice (subject to any approval required by Article ‎196) on receipt of such notice by the Company which shall be in hard copy form or in electronic form sent to such address (if any) specified by or on behalf of the Company for that purpose. A notice of appointment must contain a statement signed by the proposed alternate that he is willing to act as the alternate of the director giving the notice.

Alternates entitled to receive notice

198   An alternate director shall (subject to his giving to the Company a postal address and, if applicable, an address in relation to which electronic communications may be received by him) be entitled to receive notice of all meetings of the Board and of all meetings of committees of the Board of which his appointer is a member, to attend and vote at any such meeting at which the director appointing him is not personally present but at which his appointer would be entitled to vote, and generally to perform all the functions of his appointer in his absence (except as regards powers to appoint an alternate) as a director in his absence.

Alternates representing more than one director

199   A director or any other person may act as an alternate director to represent more than one director, and an alternate director shall be entitled at meetings of the Board or any committee of the Board to one (1) vote for every director whom he represents (and who is present) in addition to his own vote (if any) as a director, but he shall count as only one (1) director for the purposes of determining whether a quorum is present.

Termination of appointment

200   An alternate director shall automatically cease to be an alternate director:

Alternate not an agent

201   Save as otherwise provided in these Articles, an alternate director:

and accordingly, except where the context otherwise requires, a reference to a director shall be deemed to include a reference to an alternate director.

Expenses and remuneration of alternates

202   An alternate director may be repaid by the Company such expenses as might properly have been repaid to him if he had been a director but shall not (unless the Company by ordinary resolution otherwise determines), in respect of his office as alternate director, be entitled to receive any remuneration or fee from the Company in respect of his services as an alternate director except such part (if any) of the remuneration otherwise payable to his appointer as such appointer may by notice to the Company from time to time direct. An alternate director shall be entitled to be indemnified by the Company, and receive the benefits of any insurance or agreement for the Company to incur directly costs in respect of any proceedings or investigation, to the same extent as if he were a director.

DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS

Interested director not to be counted for quorum or voting purposes

203   Subject to Article ‎205, if a proposed decision of the directors is concerned with an actual or proposed transaction or arrangement with the Company in which a director is interested, that director is not to be counted as participating in the decision-making process for quorum or voting purposes.

Interpretation

204   For the purposes of these Articles (i) a conflict of interest includes (x) a conflict of interest and duty and (y) a conflict of duties and (ii) interest includes both direct and indirect interests.

When interested director may be counted for quorum or voting purposes

205   If:

a director who is interested in an actual or proposed transaction or arrangement with the Company is to be counted as participating in the decision-making process for quorum and voting purposes.

Permitted causes

206   For the purposes of Article ‎205, the following are permitted causes:

Situational Conflicts

207 The directors may, in accordance with the requirements set out in these Articles, authorise any matter or situation proposed to them by any director, which would, if not authorised, involve a director (an “Interested Director”) breaching his duty under section 175 of the Act to avoid conflicts of interest (a “Situational Conflict”) and the continued performance by the relevant director of his duties as a director, on such terms and subject to such conditions as they think fit from time to time.

208   Subject to compliance by him with his duties as a director under Part 10 of the Act (other than the duty in section 175(1) of the Act which is the subject of this Article ‎208, a director may be an officer of, employed by, or hold shares or other securities (whether directly or indirectly) in, or otherwise be interested in, directly or indirectly, the Company or a subsidiary of the Company (in each case, a “Group Company Interest” and references to a “Group Company” shall be construed accordingly) and notwithstanding his office or the existence of an actual or potential conflict between any Group Company Interest and the interests of the Company which would fall within the ambit of that section 175(1), the relevant director:

209   No contract entered into shall be liable to be avoided by virtue of:

210   Any authorisation under Article ‎207 will be effective only if:

211   Any authorisation of a Situational Conflict under these Articles may (whether at the time of giving the authorisation or subsequently):

212   Where the directors authorise a Situational Conflict, the Interested Director will be obliged to conduct himself in accordance with any terms and conditions imposed by the directors in relation to the Situational Conflict.

213   The directors may revoke or vary such authorisation in respect of any Situational Conflict at any time, but this will not affect anything done by the Interested Director, prior to such revocation or variation, in accordance with the terms of such authorisation.

214   A director is not required, by reason of being a director (or because of the fiduciary relationship established by reason of being a director), to account to the Company for any remuneration, profit or other benefit which he derives from or in connection with a relationship involving a Situational Conflict which has been authorised by the directors or by the Company in general meeting (subject in each case to any terms, limits or conditions attaching to that authorisation) and no contract shall be liable to be avoided on such grounds.

215   The provisions of Articles ‎207 to ‎214 shall not apply to a direct or indirect conflict of interest of a director which arises in relation to an existing or proposed transaction or arrangement with the Company to which the provisions of Articles ‎203 to ‎206 and ‎219 to ‎220 shall apply.

216   For the purposes of these Articles, references to proposed decisions and decision-making processes include any directors’ meeting or part of a directors’ meeting.

217 Subject to Article ‎218, if a question arises at a meeting of directors or of a committee of directors as to the right of a director to participate in the meeting (or part of the meeting) for voting or quorum purposes, the question may, before the conclusion of the meeting, be referred to the Chairman whose ruling in relation to any director other than the Chairman is to be final and conclusive.

218   If any question as to the right to participate in the meeting (or part of the meeting) should arise in respect of the Chairman, the question is to be decided by a decision of the directors at that meeting, for which purpose the Chairman is not to be counted as participating in the meeting (or that part of the meeting) for voting or quorum purposes.

Transactional conflicts

219   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes and provided that he has disclosed to the Board the nature and extent of his interest (unless the circumstances referred to in section 177(5) or section 177(6) of the Act apply, in which case no such disclosure is required) a director notwithstanding his office:

220   For the purposes of Article ‎‎219:

GRATUITIES, PENSIONS AND INSURANCE

Gratuities and pensions

221   The Board may (by establishment of, or maintenance of, schemes or otherwise) provide benefits, whether by the payment of gratuities or pensions or by insurance or otherwise, for any past or present director or employee of the Company or any of its subsidiary undertakings or any body corporate associated with, or any business acquired by, any of them, and for any member of his family (including a spouse, a civil partner, a former spouse and a former civil partner) or any person who is or was dependent on him, and may (as well before as after he ceases to hold such office or employment) contribute to any fund and pay premiums for the purchase or provision of any such benefit.

Insurance

222   Subject to the provisions of the Act, and without prejudice to the provisions of Articles ‎297 to ‎300, the Board may exercise all the powers of the Company to purchase and maintain insurance for or for the benefit of any person who is or was:

including, without limitation, insurance against any liability incurred by such persons in respect of any act or omission in the actual or purported execution or discharge of their duties or in the exercise or purported exercise of their powers or otherwise in relation to their duties, powers or offices in relation to the relevant body or fund.

Directors not liable to account

223   No director or former director shall be accountable to the Company or the members liable to account for any benefit provided pursuant to these Articles. The receipt of any such benefit shall not disqualify any person from being or becoming a director of the Company.

Section 247 of the Act

224   The Board may make provision for the benefit of any persons employed or formerly employed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries other than a director or former director or shadow director in connection with the cessation or the transfer of the whole or part of the undertaking of the Company or any subsidiary. Any such provision shall be made by a resolution of the Board in accordance with section 247 of the Act.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOARD

Regulation of proceedings

225 Subject to the provisions of these Articles, the Board may regulate its proceedings as it thinks fit. A director may, and the secretary at the request of a director shall, call a meeting of the Board by giving at least five (5) days’ notice of the meeting to each director, which notice may be waived or shortened with the consent of each director.

Notice of a Board meeting shall be deemed to be given to a director if it is given to him personally or by word of mouth or sent in hard copy form to him at his last known address or such other address (if any) as may for the time being be specified by him or on his behalf to the Company for that purpose, or sent in electronic form to such address (if any) for the time being specified by him or on his behalf to the Company for that purpose Any director may waive notice of a meeting and any such waiver may be retrospective. Any notice pursuant to this Article ‎225 need not be in writing if the Board so determines and any such determination may be retrospective.

Decision making

226   Questions arising at any Board meeting shall be determined by a majority of votes of the directors present at such meeting. A director who is an alternate director who is appointed by two (2) or more directors shall be entitled to a separate vote on behalf of each appointer in the appointer’s absence.

Quorum

227   No business shall be transacted at any meeting of the Board unless a quorum is present. The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the Board may be fixed by the Board and unless so fixed at any other number shall be two (2) persons, each being a director. A person who is not himself a director shall, if his appointer is not present but is entitled to be counted in the quorum, be counted in the quorum. A duly convened meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present shall be competent to exercise all or any of the authorities, powers and discretions for the time being vested in or exercisable by the Board.

228   Any director who ceases to be a director at a Board meeting may continue to be present and to act as a director and be counted in the quorum until the termination of the Board meeting if no director objects.

229   A director shall not be counted in the quorum present in relation to a matter or resolution on which he is not entitled to vote (or when his vote cannot be counted) but shall be counted in the quorum present in relation to all other matters or resolutions considered or voted on at the meeting.

Power of directors if number falls below minimum

230   The continuing directors or a sole continuing director may act notwithstanding any vacancies in their number, but if the number of directors is less than the number fixed as the quorum the continuing directors or director may act only for the purpose of filling vacancies or of calling a general meeting.

Chairman and deputy chairman

231   The Board may appoint one of their number to be the chairman, and one of their number to be the deputy chairman, of the Board and may at any time remove either of them from such office. Unless he is unwilling to do so, the director appointed as chairman, or in his stead the director appointed as deputy chairman, shall preside at every meeting of the Board at which he is present. If there is no director holding either of those offices, or if neither the chairman nor the deputy chairman is willing to preside or neither of them is present within five (5) minutes after the time appointed for the meeting, the directors present may appoint one of their number to be chairman of the meeting.

Validity of acts of the Board

232   All acts done by a meeting of the Board, or of a committee of the Board, or by a person acting as a director or alternate director, shall, as regards all persons dealing in good faith with the Company, notwithstanding that it be afterwards discovered that there was a defect in the appointment of any director or any member of the committee or alternate director or that any of them were disqualified from holding office, or had vacated office, or were not entitled to vote, or that the meeting was not quorate (provided that the directors present at the inquorate meeting believed, in good faith, that the meeting was quorate and made all such enquiries as were reasonable in the circumstances to establish that the meeting was quorate) be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed and was qualified and had continued to be a director or, as the case may be, an alternate director and had been entitled to vote and that the meeting was quorate.

Resolution in writing

233   A resolution in writing agreed to by all the directors entitled to vote at a meeting of the Board or of a committee of the Board but excluding any director whose vote is not to be counted in respect of the matter in question (not being less than the number of directors required to form a quorum of the Board or committee of the Board) shall be as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Board or (as the case may be) a committee of the Board duly convened and held. For this purpose:

Meetings by conference communications

234   Without prejudice to the first sentence of Article ‎225, a person entitled to be present at a meeting of the Board or of a committee of the Board shall be deemed to be present for all purposes if he is able (directly or by electronic communication) to speak to and be heard by all those present or deemed to be present simultaneously. A director so deemed to be present shall be entitled to vote and be counted in a quorum accordingly. Such a meeting shall be deemed to take place where it is convened to be held or (if no director is present in that place) where the largest group of those participating is assembled, or, if there is no such group, where the chairman of the meeting is. The word meeting in these Articles shall be construed accordingly.

Suspending restrictions on voting

235 The Company may by ordinary resolution suspend or relax to any extent, either generally or in respect of any particular matter, any provision of these Articles prohibiting a director from voting at a meeting of the Board or of a committee of the Board or ratify any transaction not duly authorised by reason of contravention of such provision.

Division of proposals

236   Where proposals are under consideration concerning the appointment (including without limitation fixing or varying the terms of appointment) of two or more directors to offices or employments with the Company or any body corporate in which the Company is interested, the proposals may be divided and considered in relation to each director separately. In such cases each of the directors concerned shall be entitled to vote in respect of each resolution except that concerning his own appointment.

Decision of chairman final and conclusive

237   If a question arises at a meeting of the Board or of a committee of the Board as to the entitlement of a director to vote, the question may, before the conclusion of the meeting, be referred to the chairman of the meeting and his ruling in relation to any director other than himself shall be final and conclusive except in a case where the nature or extent of the interests of the director concerned have not been fairly disclosed. If any such question arises in respect of the chairman of the meeting, it shall be decided by resolution of the Board (on which the chairman shall not vote) and such resolution will be final and conclusive except in a case where the nature and extent of the interests of the chairman have not been fairly disclosed.

SECRETARY

238   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, the secretary shall be appointed by the Board for such term, at such remuneration and on such conditions as it may think fit. Any secretary so appointed may be removed by the Board, but without prejudice to any claim for damages for breach of any contract of service between him and the Company.

MINUTES

Minutes required to be kept

239   The Board shall cause minutes to be recorded for the purpose of:

Conclusiveness of minutes

240   Any such minutes, if purporting to be authenticated by the chairman of the meeting to which they relate or of the next meeting at which they are read, shall be sufficient evidence of the proceedings at the meeting without any further proof of the facts stated in them.

THE SEAL

Authority for execution of a deed

241   The seal shall only be used by the authority of a resolution of the Board. The Board may determine who shall sign any document executed under the seal. If they do not, it shall be signed by at least one authorised person in the presence of a witness who attests the signature. Any document may be executed under the seal by impressing the seal by mechanical means or by printing the seal or a facsimile of it on the document or by applying the seal or a facsimile of it by any other means to the document. A document executed, with the authority of a resolution of the Board, in any manner permitted by section 44(2) of the Act and expressed (in whatever form of words) to be executed by the Company has the same effect as if executed under the seal.

Certificates for Shares and debentures

242   The Board may by resolution determine either generally or in any particular case that any certificate for Shares or debentures or representing any other form of security may have any signature affixed to it by some mechanical or electronic means, or printed on it or, in the case of a certificate executed under the seal, need not bear any signature.

REGISTERS

Overseas and local registers

243   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes and the Regulations, the Company may keep an overseas or local or other register in any place, and the Board may make, amend and revoke any regulations it thinks fit about the keeping of that register.

Authentication and certification of copies and extracts

244   Any director or the secretary or any other person appointed by the Board for the purpose shall have power to authenticate and certify as true copies of and extracts from:

If certified in this way, a document purporting to be a copy of a resolution, or the minutes or an extract from the minutes of a meeting of the Company, the holders of any class of Shares, the Board or a committee of the Board, whether in hard copy form or electronic form, shall be conclusive evidence in favour of all persons dealing with the Company in reliance on it or them that the resolution was duly passed or that the minutes are, or the extract from the minutes is, a true and accurate record of proceedings at a duly constituted meeting.

DIVIDENDS

Declaration of dividends

245   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, the Company may by ordinary resolution declare that out of the profits available for distribution there be paid dividends to the holders of A Shares in accordance with the provisions of these Articles, but no dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by the Board.

Interim dividends

246   Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, the Board may pay interim dividends if it appears to the Board that they are justified by the profits of the Company available for distribution and the position of the Company. If the share capital is divided into different classes, the Board may:

If the Board acts in good faith it shall not incur any liability to the holders of Shares conferring preferred rights for any loss they may suffer by the lawful payment of an interim dividend on any Shares having deferred or non-preferred rights. Where any distribution is satisfied wholly or partly by the distribution of assets, where any difficulty arises in regard to such distribution, the directors may settle the same as they think fit and in particular (but without limitation) may issue fractional certificates (or ignore fractions) and fix the value for distribution of any assets and may determine that cash shall be paid to any member on the basis of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of members and may vest any assets in trustees.

Declaration and payment in different currencies

247   Dividends may be declared and paid in any currency or currencies that the Board shall determine. The Board may also determine the exchange rate and the relevant date for determining the value of the dividend in any currency.

248   Except as otherwise provided by the rights attached to Shares:

For the purpose of this Article ‎248, an amount paid up on a Share in advance of a call shall be treated, in relation to any dividend declared after the payment but before the call, as not paid up on the Share.

Dividend in specie

249   A general meeting declaring a dividend may, on the recommendation of the Board, by ordinary resolution direct that it shall be satisfied wholly or partly by the distribution of assets, including without limitation paid up Shares or debentures of another body corporate. If the Shares in respect of which any such proposed non-cash distribution is paid are Uncertificated Shares, any Shares in the Company which are issued as non-cash consideration in respect of them must be uncertificated. The Board may make any arrangements it thinks fit to settle any difficulty arising in connection with the distribution, including without limitation (a) the fixing of the value for distribution of any assets, (b) the payment of cash to any member on the basis of that value in order to adjust the rights of members, and (c) the vesting of any asset in a trustee.

Permitted deductions and retentions

250   The Board may deduct from any dividend or other monies payable to any member in respect of a Share any monies presently payable by him to the Company in respect of that Share. Where a person is entitled by transmission to a Share, the Board may retain any dividend payable in respect of that Share until that person (or that person’s transferee) becomes the holder of that Share.

Methods of payment to holders and others entitled

251   Any dividend or other monies payable in respect of a Share may be paid (whether in Dollars or another currency) by such method or combination of methods as the Board, in its absolute discretion, may decide and subject in the case of joint holders of a Share to the provisions of Article ‎252. Different methods of payment may apply to different holders or groups of holders. Without limiting any other method of payment that the Board may decide, the Board may decide that payment shall be made wholly or partly:

Without prejudice to paragraph (d) of the foregoing, in respect of any Shares in uncertificated form, such payment may include sending by the Company or any person on its behalf of an instruction to the Operator of the Relevant System to credit the cash memorandum account of the holder or joint holders or, if permitted by the Company, of such person as the holder or joint holders may direct in writing.

Joint entitlement

252   If two (2) or more persons are registered as joint holders of any Share, or are entitled by transmission jointly to a Share, the Company may (without prejudice to Article ‎254):

Payment by post

253   A cheque or warrant or any similar financial instrument may be sent by post:

Discharge to Company and risk

254   Payment of a cheque or warrant or similar financial instrument by the bank on which it was drawn or the transfer of funds by the bank instructed to make the transfer, or payment by electronic means or by any other means approved by the Board to an account (of a type approved by the Board) or, in respect of an Uncertificated Share, the making of payment in accordance with the facilities and requirements of the Relevant System shall be a good discharge to the Company. Every cheque or warrant or similar financial instrument sent or transfer of funds or payment made by the relevant bank or system in accordance with these Articles shall be at the risk of the holder or person entitled. The Company shall have no responsibility for any sums lost or delayed in the course of payment by any method used by the Company in accordance with Article ‎251.

Interest not payable

255   No dividend or other monies payable in respect of a Share shall bear interest against the Company unless otherwise provided by the rights attached to the Share.

Treatment of unclaimed dividends

256   Any dividend which has remained unclaimed for twelve (12) years from the date when it became due for payment shall, if the Board so resolves, be forfeited and cease to remain owing by the Company. The payment of any unclaimed dividend or other monies payable in respect of a Share may (but need not) be paid by the Company into an account separate from the Company’s own account. Such payment shall not constitute the Company a trustee in respect of it. The Company shall be entitled to cease sending dividend warrants, cheques and similar financial instruments by post or otherwise to a member if those instruments have been returned undelivered, or left uncashed by that member, on at least two (2) consecutive occasions, or, following one (1) such occasion, reasonable enquiries have failed to establish the member’s new address. The entitlement conferred on the Company by this Article ‎256 in respect of any member shall cease if the member claims a dividend or cashes a dividend warrant, cheque or similar financial instrument.

Scrip dividends

257   The Board may offer any holder of A Shares the right to elect to receive A Shares, credited as fully paid, instead of cash in respect of the whole (or some part, to be determined by the Board) of all or any dividend subject to the following terms and conditions:

but shall never be less than the par value of the new A Share. A certificate or report by the auditors as to the value of a new A Share in respect of any dividend shall be conclusive evidence of that value;

CAPITALISATION OF PROFITS AND RESERVES

Power to capitalise

258   Without prejudice to any authority granted to the Board prior to the adoption of these Articles, the Board may with the authority of an ordinary resolution of the Company:

and any agreement made under that authority shall be binding on all such members; and

provided always that any allotment of Shares pursuant to this Article ‎258 must be made on an equal per share basis so that the same number of A Shares and B Shares are allotted.

Capitalisation of reserves: Rights Plan

259   Notwithstanding Article ‎258, where:

for the purposes of giving effect to any such exchange as is referred to in Article 259‎(b), the Board may (without the authority of an ordinary resolution of the Company):

260   The provisions of Articles ‎258(f), ‎258(g) and ‎258(h) shall apply (mutatis mutandis) to any resolution of the Board pursuant to Article ‎259(b) as they apply to any resolution of the board pursuant to Article ‎258.

261   For the purposes of Article ‎259 above Acquiring Person shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Article ‎20(c).

Reservation of profit

262   The Board may, before recommending any dividend (whether preferential or otherwise), set aside out of the profits of the Company such sum as it deems fit as a reserve or reserves which shall, at the discretion of the Board, be applicable for any purpose to which the profits of the Company may be properly applied, and pending such application may, also at such discretion, either be employed in the business of the Company or be invested in such investments as the Board may deem fit, and so that it shall not be necessary to keep any investments constituting the reserve or reserves separate or distinct from any other investments of the Company. The Board may also, without placing the same to reserve, carry forward any profits which it may deem prudent not to distribute.

RECORD DATES

263   Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles, and subject to the Act, the Company or the Board may fix any date as the record date for any dividend, distribution, allotment or issue, which may be on or at any time before or after any date on which the dividend, distribution, allotment or issue is declared, paid or made.

ACCOUNTS

Rights to inspect records

264   No member shall (as such) have any right to inspect any accounting records or other book or document of the Company except as conferred by statute or authorised by the Board or by ordinary resolution of the Company or order of a court of competent jurisdiction.

Sending of annual accounts

265   Subject to the Statutes, a copy of the Company’s annual accounts and reports for that financial year shall, at least twenty-one (21) clear days before the date of the meeting at which copies of those documents are to be laid in accordance with the provisions of the Statutes, be sent (which for the avoidance of doubt shall include where given in electronic form or by website communication) to every member and to every holder of the Company’s debentures, and to every person who is entitled to receive notice of meetings from the Company under the provisions of the Statutes or of these Articles or, in the case of joint holders of any Share or debenture, to one of the joint holders. A copy need not be sent to a person for whom the Company does not have a current address.

Summary financial statements

266   Subject to the Statutes, the requirements of Article ‎265 shall be deemed satisfied in relation to any person by sending to the person, instead of such copies, a summary financial statement derived from the Company’s annual accounts and the directors’ report, which shall be in the form and containing the information prescribed by the Statutes and any regulations made under the Statutes.

COMMUNICATIONS

When notice required to be in writing

267   Any notice to be sent to or by any person pursuant to these Articles (other than a notice calling a meeting of the Board) shall be in writing (which for the avoidance of doubt shall include where given in electronic form or by website communication).

Methods of Company sending notice

268   Subject to Article ‎267 and unless otherwise provided by these Articles, the Company shall send or supply any Shareholder Information that is required or authorised to be sent or supplied to a member or any other person by the Company by a provision of the Statutes or pursuant to these Articles or to any other rules or regulations to which the Company may be subject in such form and by such means as it may in its absolute discretion determine (including, without limitation, by making the document or information available on a website) provided that the provisions of the Statutes which apply to sending or supplying a document or information required or authorised to be sent or supplied by the Statutes shall, the necessary changes having been made, also apply to sending or supplying any document or information required or authorised to be sent by these Articles or any other rules or regulations to which the Company may be subject.

Method of member sending Shareholder Information

269   Subject to Article ‎268 and unless otherwise provided by these Articles, a member or a person entitled by transmission to a Share shall send any Shareholder Information pursuant to these Articles to the Company in such form and by such means as it may in its absolute discretion determine provided that:

Unless otherwise provided by these Articles or required by the Board, such Shareholder Information shall be authenticated in the manner specified by the Statutes for authentication of a document or information sent in the relevant form.

Notice to joint holders

270   In the case of joint holders of a Share:

Registered address outside the United Kingdom, the EEA or the United States

271   Other than in respect of a Depositary, to which this Article ‎271 shall not apply, a member whose registered address is not within the United Kingdom, an EEA State or the United States of America and who sends to the Company an address within the United Kingdom, an EEA State or the United States of America at which a document or information may be sent to him shall be entitled to have the document or information sent to him at that address (provided that, in the case of a document or information sent by electronic means, including without limitation any notification required by the Statutes that the document or information is available on a website, the Company so agrees, which agreement the Company shall be entitled to withhold in its absolute discretion including, without limitation, in circumstances in which the Company considers that the sending of the document or information to such address using electronic means would or might infringe the laws of any other jurisdiction) but otherwise:

Deemed receipt of notice

272   A member present, either in person or by proxy, at any meeting of the Company or of the holders of any class of Shares shall be deemed to have been sent notice of the meeting and, where requisite, of the purposes for which it was called.

Terms and conditions for electronic communications

273   The Board may from time to time issue, endorse or adopt terms and conditions relating to the use of electronic means for the sending of notices, other documents and proxy appointments by the Company to members or persons entitled by transmission and by members or persons entitled by transmission to the Company.

Notice to persons entitled by transmission

274   Shareholder Information may be sent or supplied by the Company to the person or persons entitled by transmission to a Share by sending it in any manner the Company may choose authorised by these Articles for the sending of a document or information to a member, addressed to them by name, or by the title of representative of the deceased, or trustee of the bankrupt or by any similar description at the address (if any) as may be supplied for that purpose by or on behalf of the person or persons claiming to be so entitled. Until such an address has been supplied, Shareholder Information may be sent in any manner in which it might have been sent if the death or bankruptcy or other event giving rise to the transmission had not occurred.

Transferees bound by prior notice

275   Every person who becomes entitled to a Share shall be bound by any notice in respect of that Share which, before his name is entered in the Register, has been sent to a person from whom he derives his title, provided that no person who becomes entitled by transmission to a Share shall be bound by any direction notice sent under Article ‎125 to a person from whom he derives title.

Proof of sending/when notices are deemed sent by post

276   Proof that Shareholder Information was properly addressed, prepaid and posted shall be conclusive evidence that the document or information was sent or supplied. Shareholder Information sent by the Company to a member by post shall be deemed to have been received:

Notices sent in electronic form

277 Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, any notice or other Shareholder Information (excluding a share certificate) will be validly supplied if sent by the Company to any member or person nominated by a member to receive Shareholder Information in electronic form if that person has agreed (generally or specifically) (or, if the member is a company and is deemed by the Statutes to have agreed) that the communication may be sent in that form and:

Notices made available by website

278 Subject to the provisions of the Statutes, any notice or Shareholder Information (excluding a share certificate) will be validly supplied if it is made available by means of a website communication where that person has agreed, or is deemed by the Statutes to have agreed (generally or specifically) that the communication may be supplied to him in that manner and:

When notices deemed received by hand

279   Shareholder Information sent by the Company to a member by hand shall be deemed to have been received by the member when it is handed to the member or left at his registered address.

Proof of sending/when notices are deemed sent by electronic means

280   Proof that a document or information sent or supplied by electronic means was properly addressed shall be conclusive evidence that the document or information was sent or supplied.

A document or information sent or supplied by the Company to a member in electronic form shall be deemed to have been received by the member on the day following that on which the document or information was sent to the member. Such a document or information shall be deemed received by the member on that day notwithstanding that the Company becomes aware that the member has failed to receive the relevant document or information for any reason and notwithstanding that the Company subsequently sends a hard copy of such document or information by post to the member.

When notices deemed sent by website

281   A notice, document or information sent or supplied by the Company to a member by means of a website shall be deemed to have been received by the member:

282 Where in accordance with these Articles a member is entitled or required to give or send to the Company a notice in writing, the Company may, if it in its absolute discretion so decides (and shall, if it is registered to do so or is deemed to have so agreed by any provision of the Statutes), permit such notices to be sent to the Company by such means of electronic communication as may from time to time be specified (or be deemed by the Statutes to be agreed) by the Company, so as to be received at such address as may for the time being be specified (or deemed by the Statutes to be specified) by the Company (generally or specifically) for the purpose. Any means of so giving or sending such notices by electronic communications shall be subject to any terms, limitations, conditions or restrictions that the Board may from time to time prescribe.

When notices deemed sent by advertisement

283   A notice, document or other information sent or supplied by the Company to a member by means of public advertisement shall be deemed to have been received on the day on which the advertisement appears.

When notices deemed sent by Depositary

284   A notice, document or other information sent or supplied by the Company to a member by means of a Relevant System shall be deemed to have been received twenty-four (24) hours after the Company, or person acting on the Company’s behalf, sends the instructions to the Relevant System relating to the notice, document or other information.

No entitlement to receive notice if the Company has no current address

285 A member shall not be entitled to receive any notice, document or information that is required or authorised to be sent or supplied to him by the Company by a provision of the Statutes or pursuant to these Articles or to any other rules or regulations to which the Company may be subject if documents or information sent or supplied to that member by post in accordance with these Articles have been returned undelivered to the Company:

Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any notice of a general meeting of the Company which is in fact sent or purports to be sent to such member shall be ignored for the purpose of determining the validity of the proceedings at such general meeting.

A member to whom this Article ‎285 applies shall become entitled to receive such documents or information when he has given the Company an address to which they may be sent or supplied or shall have informed the Company in such manner as may be specified to the Company of an electronic address to which they may be sent or supplied.

Notice during disruption of services

286 Subject to the Statutes, if at any time the Company is unable effectively to convene a general meeting by notices sent through the post as a result of the suspension or curtailment of postal services, notice of general meetings may be sufficiently given by advertisement. Any notice given by advertisement for the purposes of this Article ‎286 shall be advertised in at least one newspaper having national circulation in the United Kingdom. If advertised in more than one (1) newspaper, the advertisements shall appear on the same date. Such notice shall be deemed to have been sent to all persons who are entitled to have notice of meetings sent to them on the day when the advertisement appears. In any such case, the Company shall send confirmatory copies of the notice by post, if at least seven (7) days before the meeting the posting of notices to addresses again becomes practicable.

Execution of documents

287 Where a document is required under these Articles to be signed by a member or any other person, if the document is in electronic form, then in order to be valid the document must either:

The Company may designate mechanisms for validating any such document and a document not validated by the user of any such mechanisms shall be deemed as having not been received by the Company. In the case of any document or information relating to a meeting, an instrument or proxy or invitation to appoint a proxy, any validation requirement shall be specified in the relevant notice of meeting in accordance with Articles ‎85 and ‎87.

DESTRUCTION OF DOCUMENTS

Power of Company to destroy documents

288   The Company shall be entitled to destroy:

provided that the Company may destroy any such type of document at a date earlier than that authorised by this Article ‎288 if a copy of such document is made and retained (whether electronically, by microfilm, by digital imaging or by other similar means) until the expiration of the period applicable to the destruction of the original of such document.

Presumption in relation to destroyed documents

289   It shall conclusively be presumed in favour of the Company that:

but

290   References in Articles ‎288 or ‎289 to instruments of transfer shall include, in relation to Uncertificated Shares, instructions and/or notifications made in accordance with the Relevant System relating to the transfer of such Shares.

UNTRACED MEMBERS

Power to dispose of Shares of untraced shareholders

291   The Company shall be entitled to sell, at the best price reasonably obtainable, the Shares of a member or the Shares to which a person is entitled by transmission if:

The Company shall also be entitled to sell any additional Shares issued during the relevant period (or the right to any Share so issued) if the criteria in this Article ‎291 are satisfied in relation to the additional Shares (but as if the words “during the period of twelve (12) years” were omitted from paragraph (a) and the words “after expiry of the relevant period” were omitted from paragraph (b)).

Transfer on sale

292   To give effect to any sale pursuant to Article ‎291, the Board may (a) if the Shares are in certificated form, authorise any person to execute an instrument of transfer of the Shares to, or in accordance with the directions of, the buyer, or (b) where the Shares are held in uncertificated form, in accordance with the Regulations, do all acts and things it considers necessary and expedient to effect the transfer of the Shares to, or in accordance with the directions of, the buyer (including issuing a written notification to the Operator requiring the conversion of the Shares into certificated form).

Effectiveness of transfer

293   An instrument of transfer executed by that person in accordance with Article ‎292 shall be as effective as if it had been executed by the holder of, or person entitled by transmission to, the Shares. An exercise by the Company of its powers in accordance with Article ‎291(b) shall be as effective as if exercised by the registered holder of or person entitled by transmission to the Shares. The transferee shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, and his title to the Shares shall not be affected by any irregularity in, or invalidity of, the proceedings in reference to the sale.

Proceeds of sale

294   The net proceeds of sale shall belong to the Company which shall be obliged to account to the former member or other person previously entitled for an amount equal to the proceeds. The Company shall enter the name of such former member or other person in the books of the Company as a creditor for that amount. In relation to the debt, no trust is created and no interest is payable. The Company shall not be required to account for any money earned on the net proceeds of sale, which may be used in the Company’s business or invested in such a way as the Board from time to time thinks fit.

WINDING UP

Liquidator may distribute in specie

295   If the Company is wound up, the liquidator may, with the sanction of a special resolution of the Company and any other sanction required by the Insolvency Act 1986:

but no member shall be compelled to accept any asset on which there is a liability.

Disposal of assets by liquidator

296   The power of sale of a liquidator shall include a power to sell wholly or partially Shares or debentures or other obligations of another body corporate, either then already constituted, or about to be constituted, for the purpose of carrying out the sale.

INDEMNITY

Third party indemnity

297   Subject to the provisions of, and so far as permitted by and consistent with, the Act but without prejudice to any indemnity to which he may otherwise be entitled, the Company shall indemnify, out of the assets of the Company, any director or other officer of the Company or of any associated company(other than any person (whether an officer or not) engaged by the Company as an auditor) against all losses, liabilities and expenditures which he may sustain or incur in the execution and discharge of the duties of his office or otherwise in relation thereto, provided that this Article ‎297 shall only have effect insofar as its provisions are not void under sections 232 or 234 of the Act.

Pension scheme indemnity

298   The Company may also indemnify, out of the assets of the Company, any director or other officer of either the Company or any associated company where the Company or such associated company acts as trustee of a pension scheme, against liability incurred by him in connection with the relevant company’s activities as trustee of such scheme, provided that this Article ‎298 shall only have effect insofar as its provisions are not void under sections 232 or 234 of the Act.

Defending proceedings

299   Subject to section 205 of the Act, the Company may provide a director or other officer of either the Company or an associated company with funds to meet expenditure incurred or to be incurred by him in defending (or seeking relief in respect of) any civil or criminal proceedings brought or threatened against him in connection with any alleged negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust by him in relation to the Company or an associated company, and the Company shall be permitted to take or omit to take any action or enter into any arrangement which would otherwise be prohibited under sections 197 to 203 of the Act to enable a director to avoid incurring such expenditure.

300   The Company may also provide a director with funds to meet expenditure incurred or to be incurred by him in defending himself in an investigation by a regulatory authority or against action proposed to be taken by a regulatory authority in connection with any alleged negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust by him in relation to the Company or any associated company and the Company shall be permitted to take or omit to take any action or enter into any arrangement which would otherwise be prohibited under section 197 of the Act to enable a director to avoid incurring such expenditure.

Interpretation

301   For the purpose of Articles ‎297, ‎298, ‎299 and ‎300 the expression associated company shall mean a company which is either a subsidiary or a holding company of the Company or a subsidiary of such holding company, as such terms are defined in the Act.

Alternatives

302   Where any person becomes involved in a situation of any nature in connection with which the Company shall indemnify, may indemnify, may provide funds or may take or omit to take any action or enter into any arrangement which would enable a director or officer to avoid incurring expenditure, in each case in accordance with any of Articles ‎297 to ‎301 above (the "Alternatives"), the Company may undertake to pay to any third party (as a direct and primary obligation of the Company to that third party) any expenses or costs in connection therewith to which any of the Alternatives could apply.

DISPUTE RESOLUTION

Exclusive jurisdiction

303   Save in respect of any cause of action arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, the courts of England and Wales shall have exclusive jurisdiction to determine any and all disputes brought by a member in that member's capacity as such, or as a purported derivative claim in respect of a cause of action vested in the Company or seeking relief on behalf of the Company, against the Company or the Board or any of the directors or officers individually (or against any combination of the foregoing persons), arising out of or in connection with these Articles or any non-contractual obligations arising out of or in connection with these Articles.

304   Unless the Company by ordinary resolution consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum in the United States, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

Duties of directors

305   In no situation shall any director or officer owe any duty of any nature whatsoever to any member (in that member's capacity as such).

Remedies

306   Damages alone may not be an adequate remedy for any breach of Articles ‎303, ‎304 or ‎305, so that, in the event of a breach or anticipated breach, the remedies of injunction and an order for specific performance would in appropriate circumstances each be available.

Governing law

307   The governing law of the Articles is the substantive law of England and these Articles shall be interpreted in accordance with English law.

Interpretation

308   For the purposes of Articles ‎303 to ‎306:

APPENDIX

SUMMARY OF EXAMPLE TERMS

RIGHTS TO PURCHASE SHARES OF ROYALTY PHARMA PLC

Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act 2006 and every other enactment from time to time in force concerning companies (including any orders, regulations or other subordinate legislation made under the Companies Act 2006 or any such other enactment), so far as they apply to or affect Royalty Pharma plc (the “Company”), the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) may exercise any power of the Company to establish a shareholders rights plan (the “Rights Plan”). The Rights Plan may be in such form as the Board shall in its absolute discretion decide and may in particular (but without restriction or limitation) include such terms as are described in this Summary of Example Terms.

Pursuant to the Rights Plan, the Board would declare and issue one share purchase right (a “Right”) for each outstanding voting share in the capital of the Company (each a “Voting Share”). Each Right would entitle the registered holder, upon payment to the Company of the price per Right specified in the Rights Plan, to have delivered to such holder one Voting Share of the same class as the Voting Shares in respect of which the Right was issued or one share of any other class or series as specified in the Rights Plan (a “Share”), subject to adjustment.

Until the earlier to occur of (i) 10 days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons or persons acting in concert (a “group”) has acquired beneficial ownership of fifteen (15) per cent. or more of the outstanding Voting Shares (such person or group, an “Acquiring Person”) and (ii) 10 days (or such later date as may be determined by action of the Board prior to such time as any person or group were to become an Acquiring Person) following the commencement of, or announcement of an intention to make, a takeover offer by a person or group the consummation of which would result in the beneficial ownership of fifteen (15) per cent. or more of the outstanding Voting Shares being acquired by that person or group (the earlier of such dates being called the “Distribution Date”), each Right would be associated with an individual Voting Share and the Rights would be transferred with and only with the Voting Shares.

After the Distribution Date, separate certificates evidencing the Rights (“Right Certificates”) would be mailed to (or credited to the account of) holders of record of the Shares as of the close of business on the Distribution Date. Such separate Right Certificates alone would then evidence the Rights and the Rights would then be separately transferable.

The Rights would not be exercisable until the Distribution Date. The Rights would expire on a date to be specified in the Rights Plan, unless the Rights were earlier redeemed or exchanged by the Company.

After the Distribution Date, each holder of a Right, other than Rights held by or on behalf of any Acquiring Person (which would thereupon become void), would thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise of a Right that number of Voting Shares having a market value of two times the exercise price for the Right.

If, after a person or group were to become an Acquiring Person, the Company were to be acquired by a third party (including an Acquiring Person) including, without limitation, by way of merger, amalgamation or other business combination transaction, or by acquisition of 50 per cent.

or more of the Company’s assets, cash flow or earning power, proper provisions would be made so that each holder of a Right (other than Rights held by or on behalf of an Acquiring Person, which would have become void) would thereafter have the right to receive upon the exercise of a Right that number of shares of such third party (including an Acquiring Person) or its parent that at the time of such acquisition would have a market value of two times the exercise price of the Right.

At any time after any person or group were to become an Acquiring Person and prior to the earlier of one of the events described in the previous paragraph or acquisition by such Acquiring Person of an interest in 50 per cent. or more of the outstanding Voting Shares, the Board would have the authority to exchange or cause to be exchanged the Rights (other than Rights held by or on behalf of such Acquiring Person, which would have become void), in whole or in part, for Shares at an exchange ratio of one Share per Right, subject to the receipt of any consideration required by applicable law to be received by the Company in respect of the same.

At any time until 10 days following the first public announcement that any person or group has become an Acquiring Person, the Board would have the authority to redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price per Right to be specified in the Rights Plan (the “Redemption Price”).

So long as the Rights are redeemable, the Board would have the authority, except with respect to the Redemption Price, to amend the Rights Plan in any manner, subject to applicable law and any restrictions set forth in the Articles of Association of the Company. After any person or group became an Acquiring Person, the Board would have the authority, except with respect to the Redemption Price, to amend the Rights Plan in any manner that would not adversely affect the interests of holders of the Rights (other than Rights held by or on behalf of any Acquiring Person, which would have become void) or shorten or lengthen any time period under the Rights Plan (other than the time period within which redemption can occur).

Before the exercise of a Right, a Right would not entitle the holder thereof to any rights as a shareholder of the Company including, without limitation, the right to vote or receive dividends in respect of such Right.

Exhibit 3.2

THE COMPANIES ACT 2006

A PRIVATE COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF

ROYALTY PHARMA HOLDINGS LTD

(Adopted by special resolution passed on 15 May 2025 and effective as from the Effective Date)

Table of Contents

PART 1

INTERPRETATION AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

“A Share” means (i) a voting class A ordinary share of US$0.0001 in the capital of the Company from time to time, (ii) any B Shares acquired by the Parent, and (iii) any other shares in the capital of the Company which are designated or redesignated as A Shares, whether with the same or a different nominal value;

“Act” means the Companies Act 2006, including any modification or re-enactment of it for the time being in force;

“Applicable Individual” means any individual who is or may become beneficially entitled to EPAs;

“Articles” means these articles of association, as amended from time to time, and “Article” shall be construed accordingly;

“Associated Company” means in respect of any body corporate: (a) its Subsidiaries; (b) any body corporate of which it is a Subsidiary; and (c) any body corporate that is also a Subsidiary of the same body corporate referenced in sub-paragraph (b) above;

“Assumed Income Tax Rate” means the highest effective marginal combined U.S. federal, state and local income tax rate (including tax rates under Section 1411 of the Code) for a Fiscal Year (as defined in Annex B) prescribed for an individual residing in New York City, New York, taking into account: (a) the deductibility of state and local income taxes for U.S. federal income tax purposes, if any, and (b) the character of the applicable income (e.g., long-term or short-term capital gain or ordinary or exempt); provided, however, that EPA Vehicle shall be permitted to reasonably adjust the calculation of the Assumed Income Tax Rate in an equitable manner after taking into account the status of EPA Vehicle and its direct and/or indirect partners, members, shareholders, or other beneficial owners of the C Share as U.S. taxpaying individuals or entities, as applicable, in each case in its good faith discretion;

“B Depositary Receipts” means the depositary receipts issued by a Depositary to the B DR Holders in respect of the B Shares;

“B DR Holders” means the holders of the B Depositary Receipts representing the B Shares, to the extent in issue from time to time; “B Share” means (i) a non-voting class B ordinary share of US$0.0001 in the capital of the Company from time to time, and (ii) any other shares in the capital of the Company which are designated as B Shares (other than any B Shares acquired by the Parent), whether with the same or a different nominal value;

“bankruptcy” means any individual insolvency procedure under the Second Group of Parts (Insolvency of Individuals; Bankruptcy) of the Insolvency Act 1986 and includes individual insolvency proceedings in a jurisdiction other than England and Wales which have a similar effect;

“C Share” means the non-voting class C ordinary share of US$1.00 in the capital of the Company;

“Cause” will exist where:

provided that, in the case of sub-paragraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) above, such breach or misconduct has had a material adverse effect on the business, assets or condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Group and its affiliates (taken as a whole), and further provided that the occurrence of any underlying Cause Event has been notified in writing to the Company and the Parent in accordance with Article 24(4);

“Cause Event” has the meaning given in Article 24(4);

“Chairman” has the meaning given in Article 12(2);

“Chairman of the Meeting” has the meaning given in Article 45(3);

“Code” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;

“Companies Acts” means the Companies Acts (as defined in section 2 of the Act), in so far as they apply to the Company;

“Company” means Royalty Pharma Holdings Ltd;

“Continuing Investors Partnership” means each of RPI US Partners 2019, LP and RPI International Holdings 2019, LP and, to the extent applicable in the relevant circumstances, RPI International Partners 2019, LP;

“Cure” has the meaning given in Article 24(8);

“Cure Period” has the meaning give in Article 24(8);

“Date of Adoption of the IPO Articles” means 16 June 2020;

“D Share” means (i) a non-voting class D redeemable share of US$1.00 in the capital of the Company from time to time, and (ii) any other shares in the capital of the Company which are designated or redesignated as D Shares, whether with the same or a different nominal value;

“Deferred Share” means (i) a non-voting deferred share of US$0.0001 in the capital of the Company from time to time, and (ii) any other shares in the capital of the Company which are designated or redesignated as Deferred Shares, whether with the same or a different nominal value;

“Depositary” means any depositary, custodian or nominee approved by the Company’s board of Directors that holds legal title to the B Shares or E Shares in the capital of the Company for the purposes of facilitating beneficial ownership of such Shares by the B DR Holders or the E DR Holders (as applicable);

“Director” means a director of the Company for the time being, and includes any person occupying the position of director, by whatever name called;

“Distribution Recipient” has the meaning given in Article 37(2);

“document” includes, unless otherwise specified, any document sent or supplied in electronic form;

“E Depositary Receipts” means the depositary receipts issued by a Depositary to the E DR Holders in respect of the E Shares;

“E DR Holders” means the holders of the E Depositary Receipts representing the E Shares, to the extent in issue from time to time; “E Share” means (i) a non-voting class E ordinary share of US$0.0001 in the capital of the Company from time to time; and (ii) any other shares in the capital of the Company which are designated or re-designated as E Shares, whether with the same of a different nominal value;

“Effective Date” means the effective date of adoption of these Articles;

“electronic form” means in a form specified by section 1168(3) of the Act and otherwise complying with the provisions of that section;

“EPA Advance” has the meaning given in Article 25(1);

“EPA Advance Amount” has the meaning given in Article 25(2);

“EPA B Depositary Receipts” means the depositary receipts issued by a Depositary to EPA Holdings in respect of the EPA B Shares;

“EPA B Share” means a B Share issued upon the satisfaction of any EPAs in accordance with Annex A of these Articles;

“EPA Holdings” means RPI EPA Holdings, LP, a Delaware limited partnership;

“EPA Holdings II” means RPI EPA Holdings II, LP, a Delaware limited partnership;

“EPA Holdings Entities” means EPA Holdings, EPA Holdings II and any other entity which receives EPAs, directly or indirectly, from EPA Vehicle;

“EPA Portfolio” means the EPA Portfolio 1 and each New Portfolio of New Portfolio Investments created after the Date of Adoption of the IPO Articles;

“EPA Portfolio 1” means the Portfolio Investments made during the period commencing on the Exchange Date and ending on December 31, 2021;

“EPA Vehicle” means RPI EPA Vehicle, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company;

“EPAs” means any payment to EPA Vehicle, determined on a Portfolio-by-Portfolio basis, in an amount that is determined in accordance with Annex A to these Articles;

“Exchange Agreement” means the exchange agreement entered into on 16 June 2020, as amended, between, inter alia, each Continuing Investors Partnership, the Company, the Parent, RPI US Feeder 2019, LP, RPI International Feeder 2019, LP, EPA Vehicle and each of the Direct Holders (as defined therein), and as the same may be amended further from time to time;

“Exchange Date” means 11 February 2020;

“fully paid” in relation to a Share, means that the nominal value and any premium to be paid to the Company in respect of that Share have been paid to the Company;

“Group” means (i) the Company and its Associated Companies for the time being, and (ii) for the purposes of Annex A and the definitions of New Portfolio Investments and Portfolio Investments, the Continuing Investors Partnerships, and references to a “member of the Group” shall be construed accordingly; “Group Company” has the meaning given in Article 14(8);

“Group Company Interest” has the meaning given in Article 14(8);

“hard copy form” has the meaning given in section 1168 of the Act;

“holder” means, in relation to a Share, the member whose name is entered in the Register of Members as the holder of that Share;

“instrument” means a document in hard copy form;

“Interested Director” has the meaning given in Article 14(7);

“Management Agreement” means the Management Agreement between the Manager and the Company, as in effect from time to time;

“Manager” means Royalty Pharma Manager, LLC, in its capacity as manager to the Company, or any successor entity appointed by the Company to act as manager for the Company from time to time, including Royalty Pharma Sub-Manager, LLC;

“Mr. Legorreta” means Mr. Pablo Legorreta, the chief executive officer and chairman of the Parent as at the date of adoption of these Articles;

“New Portfolio” means one or more groupings of New Portfolio Investments that are designated as a separate Portfolio on or after the Exchange Date. The initial New Portfolio was the EPA Portfolio 1 which consisted of New Portfolio Investments made until 31 December 2021. Each New Portfolio that is established after the EPA Portfolio 1 shall consist of New Portfolio Investments made during each two (2) year period thereafter. EPA Holdings shall assign such naming designations to each New Portfolio as it shall deem convenient, but each such Portfolio, however named, shall be deemed a New Portfolio;

“New Portfolio Investments” means all Portfolio Investments acquired by a member of the Group, directly or indirectly, after the Exchange Date;

“Ordinary Resolution” has the meaning given in section 282 of the Act;

“paid” means paid or credited as paid;

“Parent” means Royalty Pharma plc, the holder of all of the A Shares;

“Parent A Shares” means the class A ordinary shares of US$0.0001 each in the capital of the Parent from time to time;

“Parent B Shares” means the class B ordinary shares of US$0.0001 each in the capital of the Parent from time to time;

“Parent Board” means the board of directors of Parent, as constituted from time to time;

“Parent Board Reserved Matters” means the matters specified in Annex C to these Articles which shall, in addition to any statutory approval requirements, require the prior consent of the Parent Board;

“participate”, in relation to a Directors’ meeting, has the meaning given in Article 10; “Portfolio” means each New Portfolio and the Pre-Exchange Portfolio;

“Portfolio Investments” has the meaning provided in Annex A;

“Pre-Exchange Portfolio” means a portfolio of all Pre-Exchange Portfolio Investments;

“Pre-Exchange Portfolio Investment” means each Portfolio Investment held by the Continuing Investors Partnerships on the Exchange Date;

“proxy notice” has the meaning given in Article 51;

“Re-Designation Notice” means a written notice served by a beneficial holder of E Shares on the Company in accordance with Article 25.B(3)(i), pursuant to which the relevant holder requests the Company to re-designate a number of E Shares which (as at the date of the Re-Designation Notice) have met their vesting criteria, into B Shares;

“Register of Members” means the Company’s register of members;

“Shareholder” means a person who is the holder of a Share;

“Shares” means shares in the Company, including, for the avoidance of doubt, the A Shares, the B Shares, the C Share, the D Share, the E Shares and the Deferred Shares;

“Situational Conflict” has the meaning given in Article 14(7);

“Special Resolution” has the meaning given in section 283 of the Act;

“Statutes” means the Act and every other statute (including any orders, regulations or other subordinate legislation made under them) for the time being in force concerning companies and affecting the Company;

“Subsidiary” has the meaning given in section 1159 of the Act;

“Transmittee” means a person entitled to a Share by reason of the death or bankruptcy of a Shareholder or otherwise by operation of law; and

“writing” means the representation or reproduction of words, symbols or other information in a visible form by any method or combination of methods, whether sent or supplied in electronic form or otherwise and “written” shall be construed accordingly.

The liability of the members is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on the Shares held by them.

PART 2
DIRECTORS

DIRECTORS’ POWERS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Subject to the provisions of Article 3A below and the other terms of these Articles, the Directors are responsible for the management of the Company’s business, for which purpose they may exercise all the powers of the Company.

The Directors and the Shareholders shall not, and shall procure that each member of the Group shall not, take any action or decision in relation to any of the Parent Board Reserved Matters without first obtaining written consent from the Parent Board (acting by way of a majority decision).

as they think fit.

DECISION-MAKING BY DIRECTORS

the general rule does not apply, and the Director may take decisions without regard to any of the provisions of the Articles relating to Directors’ decision-making.

a Director who is interested in an actual or proposed transaction or arrangement with the Company is to be counted as participating in the decision-making process for quorum and voting purposes.

The Directors must ensure that the Company keeps a record, in writing, for at least ten years from the date of the decision recorded, of every unanimous or majority decision taken by the Directors.

Subject to the Articles, the Directors may make any rule which they think fit about how they take decisions, and about how such rules are to be recorded or communicated to Directors.

APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS

A person ceases to be a Director as soon as:

The Company may pay any reasonable expenses which the Directors properly incur in connection with their attendance at:

or otherwise in connection with the exercise of their powers and the discharge of their responsibilities in relation to the Company.

PART 3
SHARES AND DISTRIBUTIONS

SHARES

The A Shares, the B Shares, the C Share, the D Share, the E Shares and the Deferred Shares shall each constitute a separate class of Shares.

provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, any redesignation of Shares in accordance with these Articles shall not constitute a variation of the rights attached to any class of Shares for the purposes of these Articles.

Except as required by law, no person is to be recognised by the Company as holding any Share upon any trust, and except as otherwise required by law or the Articles, the Company is not in any way to be bound by or recognise any interest in a Share other than the holder’s absolute ownership of it and all the rights attaching to it.

that Shareholder is entitled to be issued with a replacement certificate in respect of the same Shares.

If a notice is given to a Shareholder in respect of Shares and a Transmittee is entitled to those Shares, the Transmittee is bound by the notice if it was given to the Shareholder before the Transmittee’s name has been entered in the Register of Members.

DIVIDENDS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS